Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Aja (Benin and Togo)

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  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
  5. Streszczenia konferencji
  6. Raporty organizacyjne

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Aja (Benin and Togo)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Maquart, Pierre-Olivier, Alain Coache, Francesco Vitali, Laurent Péru, Bernard Rainon, Denis Richard i Pierre Juhel. "The Clytini fauna of Benin and Togo, with the description of a new species from Benin (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)". Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 126, nr 4 (7.12.2021): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32475/bsef_2210.

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Four species are reported for the first time in Benin, Carinoclytus cf. semiruber (Quedenfeldt, 1882), Chlorophorus deterrens (Pascoe, 1862), Denticerus muehlei Mourglia & Téocchi, 1994, and Plagionotulus sylvaticus Hintz, 1911; a new species is described, Calanthemis jossomonforti n. sp. In Togo, four species are known and Denticerus muehlei Mourglia & Téocchi, 1994, is reported for the first time. Plagionotulus sylvaticus Hintz, 1911, is cited from Ivory Coast for the first time. An identification key to species of Clytini from Benin and Togo is provided.
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Law, Robin. "Historical Source Material from Togo and Benin". History in Africa 22 (styczeń 1995): 445–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171926.

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TOMSON, HR. "HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCE STUDIES IN TOGO AND BENIN." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 78, nr 6 (grudzień 1985): 1403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1985.1060.

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TOMSON, HR, EA RAE, RI ALSOP, MD PALMER i JO ROBERTSON. "HYDROELECTRIC RESOURCE STUDIES IN TOGO AND BENIN." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 80, nr 6 (grudzień 1986): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1986.538.

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Ott, Beverly, i Olivier Hauville. "Banking with Women in Togo and Benin". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 29, nr 2 (styczeń 2004): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378550.

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Koudandé, O. D., G. Dossou-Gbété, F. Mujibi, H. Kibogo, D. Mburu, G. A. Mensah, O. Hanotte i J. A. M. van Arendonk. "Genetic diversity and zebu genes introgression in cattle population along the coastal region of the Bight of Benin". Animal Genetic Resources Information 44 (kwiecień 2009): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900002856.

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SummaryGenetic diversity and Zebu genetic introgression have been assessed in five subpopulations of cattle along the coastal region of Togo, Benin and Nigeria using 15 autosomal and one Y- specific microsatellite markers. Mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranges from 0.55 to 0.61 and the mean number of alleles (MNA) from 5.47 to 6.47. Genetic differentiation indexes (Fst), were significant between the five subpopulations (P< 0.01). Some possible population diagnostic alleles are identified with allele 254 at locus ILSTS033 and allele 182 at locus ILSTS005 found only in the population from Togo with frequencies of 5.41% and 12.82% respectively. Allele 226 of locus ILSTS103 is fixed in the Togolese population (100%) and almost fixed (98.75%) in the Benin-Valley population. Y chromosome analysis reveals male Zebu introgression in all five populations with a frequency of indicine Y chromosome ranging from 37.5% in Benin-Valley and Benin Plateau East to 100% for Benin Plateau West. Admixture analysis using the programme STRUCTURE (k = 2) confirms phenotypic observations suggesting different level of taurine background and therefore Zebu introgression amongst the populations. Within populations, variations in levels of Zebu admixture between herds were also detected. Whereas the valley population from Benin shows low level of Zebu introgression, it is the population from Benin Plateau East which is the purest.
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Harrington, Lauren A., Jennah Green, Patrick Muinde, David W. Macdonald, Mark Auliya i Neil D'Cruze. "Snakes and ladders: A review of ball python production in West Africa for the global pet market". Nature Conservation 41 (28.07.2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.41.51270.

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The ball python (Python regius) is the most traded, CITES listed, live animal exported from Africa. Recent studies have raised concerns as to whether production methods in Africa are sustainable, humane and compliant with legislation. To aid future management we explored export patterns, using the CITES and U.S. LEMIS database, for live ball pythons from across their range in West Africa to identify the main exporters and the main markets supplied, and to assess associated trends, and compliance with nationally-established export quotas. We found that export to supply the global pet trade remains almost exclusively carried out by three range countries – Benin, Ghana, and Togo. The USA was the largest importer from all three countries, although Ghana appeared to be less dependent on the USA market than either Togo or Benin, exporting to a more diverse range of countries, particularly in Asia. Between 2003 and 2017 there was a decline in annual importer-reported exports from Benin and from Ghana, but not from Togo. Ghana appears to operate as a regional trade hub, re-exporting ball pythons imported from Benin and Togo, and exports more ball pythons reported as captive-bred. Trade records from all three countries exhibited a switch from predominantly wild-sourced to predominantly ranched individuals. However, at a range-wide level, differences in the use of source codes among exporting range states, and inconsistencies in reporting of trade among range states, as well as inconsistencies in the use of source codes between exporting and importing countries, represent areas of potential concern. We recommend a regional-level policy approach for this highly sought-after species, to safeguard ball pythons and local livelihoods.
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Nwajiaku, Kathryn. "The National Conferences in Benin and Togo Revisited". Journal of Modern African Studies 32, nr 3 (wrzesień 1994): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00015172.

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As many as seven Conférences nationales (CNs) took place in French-speaking Africa between February 1990 and January 1993, all against the background of the apparent ‘wind of change’ which is sweeping across the continent where democratic governance is eventually to replace authoritarian rule. In Benin, the assembly of delegates that met during 19–28 February 1990 was supposed to be representative of all social, religious, professional, and political interest groups whose aim was to introduce a constitutional liberal democracy. This CN managed to gain acceptance of the sovereignty which it had declared on the second day — namely, that all its decisions would be legal and binding. The authority of President Matthieu Kérékou was thus effectively emasculated, whilst the elections which were timetabled and held a year later, finally unseated him after 20 years in power. In Togo, General Gnassingbe Eyadéma was able to reject the sovereignty claimed. by the CN, held from 8 July to 28 August 1991, as the balance of power was firmly in his favour.
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Semanou, Alexandrov Nevski Sachs, i Kamil Uslu. "Comparative Analysis of Growth Convergence in Selected West African Countries". Business and Economic Research 9, nr 3 (24.07.2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i3.14910.

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This paper analyses the β-convergence process of West African countries with a focus on Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Togo. It has been motivated by the apparent persistence of income gap between West African countries. To achieve the objective of the study, we use both descriptive statistics and econometric approach. The study covers the time period of 27 years (1990-2017). The results show the absence of a unit steady state for the region and do not confirm neoclassical theory’s predictions. Rather, it shows the existence of club convergence in West Africa. Also, lower-income countries such as Benin and Togo have lower steady-state income compared to Ghana and Cote d'Ivoire.
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Mariani, Vincent N. "Emphasis, certainty, and interdiction: Adverbials in Gisida Anii". Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 9, nr 1 (15.05.2024): 5659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v9i1.5659.

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This article presents novel fieldwork data describing the adverbials shɩ, cɔɔ, and caa in Anii, an understudied Ghana-Togo-Mountain language spoken in Togo and Benin. Shɩ and cɔɔ emphasize and mark the speaker’s certainty of aspectual reference, respectively, while caa serves to mark the speaker’s acknowledgement that the action or state denoted by the predicate is contrary to the listener’s wants.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Heilbrunn, John R. "Authority, property, and politics in Benin and Togo". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=741368551&sid=24&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tekpo, A. Seme. "Politique et administration locale au Benin et au Togo". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT3002.

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Comme des Etats modernes, le Benin et le Togo se sont dotés d'institutions publiques dont des institutions politiques et administratives. Ces deux pays ont des régimes politiques à parti unique et leur constitution respective definissent les instances du parti comme supérieures à toutes les autres institutions de l'Etat. De ce fait le système administratif local de chacun de ces pays est fait d'un mélange d'organisation administrative et de structures politiques partisanes. L'administration locale apparait aussi bien plus comme le relais local du parti qu'une structure destinée à la gestion locale. Cette situation se retrouve dans la nature des collectivités qui ne sont presque jamais réellement décentralisées. Elle se retrouve aussi dans la nature des autorités locales qui sont parfois même membres du gouvernement (exemple du préfet de province beninois) ou responsables locaux du parti (exemple des préfets togolais qui sont les commissaires locaux du rpt). Elle se retrouve enfin dans les attributions des structures locales qui sont chargées de la propagande idéologique. Le resultat de cette situation est un mélange entre le parti et l'administration aussi bien dans l'esprit des dirigeants que de la population. Il n'est donc pas étonnant de constater que les administrations locales de ces deux pays ne peuvent remplir leur rôle et contribuent bien plus a éloigner la population de la vie publique qu'à en assurer une fidélite partisane que les dirigeants attendent. En donnant à l'administration locale son vrai rôle on arriverait à de meilleurs résultats que ceux obtenus avec le système actuel
As moderns states, Benin and Togo have publics institutions like politics and administratives institutions these two countries have a one party politic system and their constitution define the party system as superior to the other institutions of the state. So the local administration system of each of these countries looks like administration and party system mixed. The local administration system seems to be more the local seat of the party than an organization maked for local administration management. The situation can be found in the administratives structures who ave never realy decentralized. It can be found at the local authorities who can also be members of the gouverment (as in Benin) or local party responsible (as in Togo). It can be found at last in the powers of the local structures who have to do ideological propaganda. From this situation it results that the party and the administration system are mixed in the meand of the authorities and the population too. It is not strange to remark that the local administration system of these two countries cantdo any local management and pu the population far from publics affairs but can never get a fidelity to the party that the autorities are waitting for. If the local administration system had its real duty, it will be possible to gest results beter than those who are given by the actual system
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Baba-Moussa, Farid Abdel Kader. "Recherche sur les proprietes antifongiques de plantes utilisees en medecine traditionnelle au benin et au togo (doctorat : mycologie)". Reims, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REIMP208.

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Botchi, Gomido Jean-Marie. "Du serpent cultuel ajatado (sud benin-togo) au serpent judeo-christologique (essai de comprehension)". Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040124.

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Ces travaux de thèse s'enracinent dans une expérience que je fis dans le milieu ajatado du sud Benin Togo entre les années 19751988. En effet, j'ai constaté que les acteurs sociaux de cette aire se referaient à leur serpent cultuel en cas d'affictions. J'ai donc voulu, dans un premier temps, élucider le culte dont ce serpent était l'objet. Ainsi, je distinguais le culte du serpent matériel du culte du serpent immatériel. J'ai, deuxièmement, tenté de dégager la symbolique du dit serpent. Du point de vue du sens, cette symbolique a trait à la vie à la prospérité et à l'immortalité. Du point de vue de sa fonction, elle est en rapport avec la praxis sociale. Elle se veut prégnante a chacun de ces niveaux et tient, dans 'imaginaire ajatado une place indéniable. En troisième et dernier lieu, j'ai dû tenir compte du serpent judéo-christologique, en raison des ajatado convertis à la foi chrétienne qui entendent parler des figures et de la symbolique du serpent biblique. Du serpent ajatado au serpent judéo-christologique la visée est la même : c'est le salut des hommes. L'inculturation de la foi apparait comme l'une des voies les plus pertinentes pour guider les ajatado convertis dans leur marche vers celui qui, élevé de terre, a l'instar du serpent d'airain, guérit et sauve les hommes en les comblant d'une vie nouvelle et éternelle
This thesis is based upon my own experience among the ajatado community of southe benin-togo between 1975-1988. I did in fact ascertain that the social actors of that area called upon their cultural serpent, whenever they had to face afflictions. So my first step was to find out how this serpent was worshipped. Thus, i distinguished between the cult of the material serpent. My second step was to elucidate the cultural symbolism of the ajatado serpent. As for its import, this cultural symbolism concerns life, prosperity and immortality. As for its function, it is closely linked to the social praxis. Thus, it has a heavy potential and an undeniable importance in the ajatado imaginative life. Lastly, i could not but mention the judeochristological serpent. For, in the ajatado community, the social actors converted constantly hear about the figures and the symbolism of that biblical serpent. From the ajatado serpent to the biblical serpent, the sole aim of man is salvation. To achieve it, the solution for the ajatado converted seems to be that, of inserting the Christian faith into the ajatado culture. Thus, they could practice the cult of him who, arisen from earth like the bronze serpent, heals and saves men
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Kossi, Komi E. "La structure socio-politique et son articulation avec la pensée religieuse chez les Aja-Tado du sud-est Togo /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35521592f.

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Jones, Kelly Michelle. "Technology Adoption in West Africa: adoption and disadoption of soybeans on the Togo-Benin border". NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03172005-115144/.

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New agricultural technologies are promoted in developing countries to bring about some combination of economic, environmental, and or health benefit. All of these benefits are considered to improve the livelihoods of the households that adopt them. However, the adoption of these new innovations by farm households is never uniform but is based on each household?s evaluation of the utility of the new technology with relation to that household?s attributes. This study looks at the adoption of a new agricultural crop?soybeans?that has been promoted for its nutritional effects in the Tamberma region of Benin and Togo. Variables affecting adoption and disadoption are based on five broad categories of adoption determinants found in the literature: household preferences, resource endowments, economic incentives, risk and uncertainty, and biophysical characteristics. A sixth category of farmer?s perceptions is added to this model to determine current perceptions of soybean utility in the study area. A Probit model is employed to determine factors affecting adoption and disadoption rates in the study area. Variables statistically correlated with the adoption decision include: education, extension, membership, health, cash cropping, and soil quality. Variables statistically correlated with the disadoption decision include: education, experience, expected price, and type of soil.
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Baas, Jeannette. "Christian faith-based organisations and transformational development in Togo, Benin and The Democratic Republic of the Congo". Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732482.

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Houedakor, Eteh Koissi. "L’action sportive organisée au Togo : réalité nationale, contraintes et perspectives de développement : essai d’analyse comparée avec le Sénégal et le Bénin". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21747/document.

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Cette recherche sur le Togo est une contribution à la problématique du développement sportif et ses enjeux dans les pays d’Afrique francophone. Elle s’inscrit dans une optique pluridisciplinaire et comparative axée sur les méthodes de géographie du sport. Elle procède également à relecture des marqueurs historiques du contexte togolais.Dès le début du XXe siècle, l’impact de trois dominations coloniales (allemande, anglaise et française) est à l’origine, de l’implantation et de la diffusion des pratiques sportives au Togo. Après 1960, année de l’indépendance, le développement sportif, en continuité avec le legs colonial français, est pris en charge par l’Etat et devient un outil de contrôle social au service d’un régime autoritaire de type militaire. L’analyse de l’état des lieux actuel du sport au Togo montre la centralisation de l’action de l’Etat sur le sport d’élite, le déploiement de différents marchés sportifs et l’apparition de différents phénomènes sociaux dont la réappropriation des pratiques sportives et l’entraide communautaire.La comparaison des processus de diffusion identifiés au Togo avec ceux à l’œuvre dans les anciennes colonies de l’Afrique Occidentale Française notamment le Bénin et le Sénégal permet de dégager de nouvelles perspectives : l’utilisation des activités physiques traditionnelles ou modernes pour la mobilisation sociale et l’entretien d’une élite sportive. Ces deux axes sont complémentaires et nécessaires à l’élaboration d’un développement sportif inscrit dans la durée
This research on Togo is aimed at contributing to the resolution of sports development problems and addressing its challenges in francophone African countries. The approach employed is multidisciplinary and comparative, based on the methods of sports geography. Moreover, it revisits key historical milestones in a Togolese context.Since the early twentieth century, the impact of three colonial dominations (German, English and French) was responsible for the origin, establishment and dissemination of sports in Togo. After 1960, the year of independence, sports development in continuity with the legacy of French colonial rule, was supported by the state and became a tool of social control by the authoritarian, military-style regime. The analysis of the current state of sports in Togo shows the centralization of state action on elite sports, the deployment of different sports markets and the emergence of different social phenomena such as appropriation and communal support.Comparison of the differences in methods of propagation identified in Togo and those at work in former West African French colonies such as Benin and Senegal exposes new opportunities: the use of physical activities, both traditional and modern for social mobilization and the maintenance of a sports elite. Both of which are complimentary and necessary for the development of sports for the long term
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BOUKA, K. BOBEE MAKO. "Les investissements etrangers dans quatre etats de l'afrique de l'ouest : les exemples du benin, du ghana, du nigeria et du togo". Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT3012.

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Des leur accession a l'independance politique, la republique populaire du benin (ex-dahomey), le ghana, la republique federale du nigeria et le togo ont cherche les voies et moyens pouvant leur permettre de promouvoir leur developpement en harmonie avec leur option ideologique. Certains, partisans du liberalisme economique acceptent l'intervention de l'etat, dans bien des domaines economiques relevant normalement du secteur prive. D'autres ont opte pour la voie d'un "socialisme" africain. Les realites quotidiennes de gestion de l'etat alliees a la persistance de la crise economique mondiale ont conduit chacun de ces quatre etats a adopter une attitude de realisme economique et a assouplir leurs regles sur les investissements etrangers. La presente etude se compose de deux parties : la premiere traite du cadre general des investissements etrangers dans les entreprises de ces quatre etats : degre d'ouverture des marches aux capitaux etrangers, risques politiques monetaires et sociaux, mutation des systemes du capitalisme etatique au realisme economique. La seconde partie est consacree aux modalites des investisseurs etrangers dans les entreprises tant du secteur para-public que du secteur prive de ces quatre etats. La procedure d'intervention des capitaux etrangers dans chacun des quatre etats presente des particularites ; l'etude comparee des formules proposees par chacun des quatre etats conduit a un constat : malgre les differences apparentes sur le plan de l'ideologie politique de l'un ou de l'autre, la politique de ces quatre etats a l'egard de l'investisseur etranger est la meme ce qui souleve certaines interrogations sur l'efficacite de ces mesures dans le processus de developpement
Summary after the proclamation of their political independence, the people's republic of benin (formerly dahomey), ghana, the federal republic of nigeria and togo, sought for their economic development liberated from the former colonising and suitable for ther owner political ideology. Some of them, partisans of economic liberalism, adopted however legislative mesures allowing the state to interference in economic sectors normally reserved for private investment. Others of them have chosen socialism colored with african realities. However ther word economic crisis of the eighties led these four states to adopt new mesures favorable for foreign investors. This thesis analyses in two parts the general environnement for foreign investments and the modalities of these investments in the private and public companies settled in benin, ghana, nigeria and togo. Particular attention is reserved to the policy of these four countries in the privatization of state corporations
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Anoumou, Adjoavi Christelle Nadia [Verfasser], Jürgen [Gutachter] Runge i Jürgen [Gutachter] Wunderlich. "Agrarökosysteme in Benin und Togo – Traditionelle Landwirtschaft und Landnutzungswandel der Ethnien Ditamari und Ewé / Adjoavi Christelle Nadia Anoumou ; Gutachter: Jürgen Runge, Jürgen Wunderlich". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172500401/34.

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Książki na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Benin. Ministère de la culture et des communications. i Benin Direction de l'alphabétisation, red. Nyawàwà a d̳ó kò̳lújí d̳e̳ nó̳ nukpló̳wó. [Benin]: Ministére de la culture et des communications, Direction de l'alphabétisation, 1994.

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Agbonyo, Zôjanyi Togbi. Kpla ajagbe wōđeki. Wyd. 2. [Cotonou, Bénin: Z. Togbi Agbonyo, 1991.

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Bedou-Jondoh, Edith. L'orthographe harmonisee des langues GBE du Ghana, du Togo, du Benin et du Nigeria. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society, 2005.

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UNICEF-Cotonou, red. Nyawawa a hwle̳n ame̳gan. [Bénin: Programme Education UNICEF, 1992.

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Tingbe-Azalou, Albert. Le nom individuel chez les Aja-Fo̳n: Une sociologie de l'anthroponymie. Cotonou: Christon Éditions, 2015.

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Etsè, Klou K. Proverbes de chez nous: Explications et commentaires. Lomé, Togo: Editions Awoudy, 2016.

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Bossan, Enrico. Benin/Togo: The revenge of art : contemporary artists from Benin and Togo. Villorba]: Fabrica, 2014.

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Nicholas, Lawrance Benjamin, red. A handbook of eweland: The ewe of Togo and Benin. Accra: Woeli Publishing Services, 2005.

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Wodtcke, Anne. West-Afrika: Reisehandbuch, Burkina, Faso, Mali, Senegal, Elfenbeinkuste, Ghana, Togo, Benin. Hohenthann: Darr-Reisebuch, 1988.

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interviewer, Groult Charlotte, i Fête du Vodoun (Benin), red. Photographier les vodous: Togo-Bénin 1988-2019. Paris: Éditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2020.

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Części książek na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Guilcher, André. "Togo and Benin". W Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, 947–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8639-7_170.

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Sayer, Jeff. "Benin and Togo". W The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests Africa, 97–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4_11.

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Mountjoy, Alan B., i David Hilling. "Togo and Benin". W Africa, 246–51. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032638287-29.

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Barry, Alyssa, Paul Akogni, Franck Ogou, Evelyne Alitonou, Xiangling Chen, Lucie Tidjougouna i Sébastien Moriset. "From the inscription to the extension of Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba, World Heritage Site: An example of successful transnational cooperation between Benin and Togo for the preservation of the site". W Managing Transnational UNESCO World Heritage sites in Africa, 147–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80910-2_13.

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AbstractKoutammakou is a vast mountainous region shared by Benin and Togo. This living cultural landscape is an authentic reflection of the way of life of the Batammariba people who live there, a people who is constantly seeking harmony between Man and nature and for whom the Sikien, remarkable earthen tower houses, still represent an exceptional symbol of identity. In 2004, the Togolese part of the site was inscribed on the World Heritage List. Fifteen years later and thanks to the clear will of Benin and Togo, this ecosystem was inscribed on the Tentative List of Benin as a transboundary site in 2020. Thereafter, Benin firmly committed itself to the process of elaborating the site’s extension dossier, which was submitted to the World Heritage Centre in January 2021. This initiative is part of the dynamics of a proven transnational cooperation between the Beninese and Togolese States aiming at restoring the territorial integrity of Koutammakou. Moreover, the extension constitutes a major challenge towards improved management of the site for the benefit of the local communities that live there and keep it alive.
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Ochou, Germain Ochou, S. W. Avicor i G. A. Matthews. "Cotton growing in West Africa." W Pest management in cotton: a global perspective, 185–215. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620216.0010.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on the cotton growing countries in West Africa, including Cote d' Ivore, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, Senegal, Benin, Togo, Francophone West Africa, and Ghana. Crop protection, pest management, and crop production of cotton are discussed.
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Kponou, Monsoï Kenneth Colombiano. "Women’s Bargaining Power and Households’ Living Standards in West Africa: Evidence from Benin, Togo and Mali". W Women and Sustainable Human Development, 305–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14935-2_17.

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Schneider, Marius, i Vanessa Ferguson. "Togo". W Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0053.

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Found in West Africa, Togo which is sandwiched between Ghana and Benin, shares a border in the north with Burkina Faso, and has a 56 km coastline on the Gulf of Guinea. With an area of 56,785 square kilometres (km), it is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Its population was 7.6 million in 2016 and is rapidly growing. The capital and largest city of Togo is Lomé. It is the administrative and industrial centre of the country and also hosts the only commercial port. The currency used is FCFA (West African franc). The official language is French.
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Schneider, Marius, i Vanessa Ferguson. "Benin". W Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0006.

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The Republic of Benin in West Africa is bordered by Togo, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Niger. It has an area of 114,763 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 11.4 million. Its capital is Porto-Novo, although the seat of the government and the largest city in Benin is Cotonou. Cotonou is also home to the autonomous port of Cotonou and to the international airport Cardinal Bernardin Gantin de Cadjéhoun, the primary entry point to the country by air. The government of Benin has agreed to the construction of a petroleum, ore, and commercial port in Sèmè-Podji, which should complement the port of Cotonou. In 2020, the current international airport Cardinal Bernardin Gantin de Cadjéhoun will be replaced by the international airport of Glo-Djigbé, found 20 km from Cotonou.
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Bongmba, Elias Kifon. "Central African Republic, Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, Benin and Cameroon". W Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa, 176–88. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474412049-020.

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"No. 31375. International Dévelopment Association, Benin, Togo and, communauté électrique du Bénin". W United Nations Treaty Series, 25–26. UN, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/25bc8e4d-en-fr.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Medewou, Mawuena, Patrice Koffi Chetangny, Didier Chamagne, Sossou Houndedako, Gerald Barbier i Antoine Vianou. "Development of the Benin, Togo and Ghana power interconnection network model at horizon 2022". W 2019 IEEE AFRICON. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/africon46755.2019.9133788.

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Tyrrell, M., i B. Biaou. "The Underexplored Shelf-Edge Plays of the West Africa Transform Margin Through Togo, Benin & Western Nigeria". W 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900727.

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Medewou, M., P. K. Chetangny, S. Houndedako, A. Vianou, D. Chamagne i G. Barbier. "Stability study of the interconnection of electricity networks of WAPP countries - case of control zone II (Ghana, Togo & Benin)". W 2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powerafrica.2019.8928660.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Aja (Benin and Togo)"

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Beach, Rachel, i Vanessa van den Boogaard. Tax and Governance in the Context of Scarce Revenues: Inefficient Tax Collection and its Implications in Rural West Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.005.

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In recent years, domestic and international policy attention has often focused on broadening the tax base in order to include a greater share of the population in the ‘tax net’. This is based, in part, on the hope that the expansion of taxation will result in positive ‘governance dividends’ for taxpayers. However, the implications of extending the tax base in rural areas in low-income countries has been insufficiently considered. Through the case studies of Togo, Benin, and Sierra Leone, we demonstrate that extending taxation to rural areas is often highly inefficient, leading to few, if any, revenue gains when factoring in the costs of collection. Where revenues exceed the costs of collection, they often only cover local government salaries with little remaining for the provision of public goods and services. The implications of rural tax collection inefficiency are thus significant for revenue mobilisation, governance and public service delivery, accountability relationships with citizens, and taxpayer expectations of the state. Accordingly, we question the rationale for extending taxation to rural citizens in low-income countries. Instead, we argue for a reconceptualisation of the nature of the fiscal social contract, disentangling the concept of the social contract from the individual. Rather, a collective social contract places greater emphasis on the taxation of wealth and redistribution and recognises that basic rights of citizenship are not, or should not, be contingent on paying direct taxes to the government. Rather than expanding taxation, we argue for the expansion of political voice and rights to rural citizens, through a ‘services-first’ approach.
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