Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Air quality in underground metro station

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Air quality in underground metro station”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

Data aktualizacji: 7 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Air quality in underground metro station"

Zhao, Jianjian, Jing Liu, Hu Gao, Zhen Wang, Jiankai Dong, Chongxu Jiang i Yanling Na. "Wind tunnel modeling experiments on airflow characteristics of underground metro station with sunken squares". E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235602003.

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Building airflow characteristics can affect the indoor air environment, thereby affecting indoor air quality and building energy consumption. In recent years, the sunken square has increasingly designed and applied to underground transportation hub systems, because of their special advantages, such as improving the ventilation and lighting of the underground space, blurring the feeling of the ground and underground and improving the quality of the space. However, at present, there are few systematic and comprehensive researches on the airflow characteristics of the sunken squares to the underground metro station. In this study, the wind tunnel modeling experiment and the particle image velocity (PIV) technology are comprehensively used to study the influence of the sunken square on the airflow characteristics of the underground metro station, the influence of the sunken square on the flow field distribution and air exchange rate of underground metro station are obtained. The dimensionless average wind velocity at the large openings of the sunken square is 0.053-0.18, and the air exchange rate of the underground metro station is changed with the number and the relative positions of sunken squares. Conclusions of this research could provide useful reference to the design of airflow characteristics for underground buildings.

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Passi, Amit, S. M. Shiva Nagendra i M. P. Maiya. "Characteristics of indoor air quality in underground metro stations: A critical review". Building and Environment 198 (lipiec 2021): 107907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107907.

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Liu, Liyang, Hui Liu i Yiming Ma. "Surrogate-Assisted Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Assessment in an Underground Subway Station". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 4 (17.02.2022): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042295.

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With the increase in subway travelers, the air quality of underground enclosed spaces at subway stations has attracted much more attention. The study of pollutants exposure assessment, especially fine particulate matter, is important in both pollutant control and metro station design. In this paper, combining pedestrian flow analysis (PFA) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, a novel surrogate-assisted particulate matter exposure assessment method is proposed, in which PFA is used to analyze the spatial-temporal movement characteristics of pedestrians to simultaneously consider the location and value of the pedestrian particulate generation source and their exposure streamline to particulate matter; the CFD model is used to analyze the airflow field and particulate matter concentration field in detail. To comprehensively consider the differences in the spatial concentration distribution of particulate matter caused by the time-varying characteristics of the airflow organization state in subway stations, surrogate models reflecting the nonlinear relationship between simulated and measured data are trained to perform accurate pedestrian exposure calculations. The actual measurement data proves the validity of the simulation and calculation methods, and the difference between the calculated and experimental values of the exposure is only about 5%.

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Kim, Min Jeong, Richard D. Braatz, Jeong Tai Kim i Chang Kyoo Yoo. "Economical control of indoor air quality in underground metro station using an iterative dynamic programming-based ventilation system". Indoor and Built Environment 25, nr 6 (28.07.2016): 949–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x15591640.

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Kim, Gyu-Sik, Youn-Suk Son, Jai-Hyo Lee, In-Won Kim, Jo-Chun Kim, Joon-Tae Oh i Hiesik Kim. "Air Pollution Monitoring and Control System for Subway Stations Using Environmental Sensors". Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1865614.

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The metropolitan city of Seoul uses more energy than any other area in South Korea due to its high population density. It also has high emissions of air pollutants. Since an individual usually spends most of his/her working hours indoors, the ambient air quality refers to indoor air quality. In particular, PM10concentration in the underground areas should be monitored to preserve the health of commuters in the subway system. Seoul Metro and Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation measure several air pollutants regularly. In this study, the accuracy of an instrument for PM measurement using the light scattering method was improved with the help of a linear regression analysis technique to continuously measure thePM10concentrations in subway stations. In addition, an air quality monitoring system based on environmental sensors was implemented to display and record the data of PM10, CO2, temperature, and humidity. Through experimental studies, we found that ventilation fans could improve air quality and decrease PM10concentrations in the tunnels effectively by increasing the air flow rate.

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Tan, Sze Tat, Nazeem Mohamed, Lee Ching Ng i Joel Aik. "Air quality in underground metro station commuter platforms in Singapore: A cross-sectional analysis of factors influencing commuter exposure levels". Atmospheric Environment 273 (marzec 2022): 118962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118962.

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Mao, Peng, Jie Li, Lilin Xiong, Rubing Wang, Xiang Wang, Yongtao Tan i Hongyang Li. "Characterization of Urban Subway Microenvironment Exposure— A Case of Nanjing in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 4 (20.02.2019): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040625.

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Environmental quality in public rail transit has recently raised great concern, with more attention paid to underground subway microenvironment. This research aimed to provide guidance for healthy urban subway microenvironments (sub-MEs) according to comprehensive micro-environmental categories, including thermal environment, air quality, lighting environment, and acoustic environment from both practical and regulation perspectives. Field sampling experiments were conducted in Nanjing Metro Line X (NMLX). Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance were used to investigate the status quo of urban sub-MEs. A paired samples t-test was then performed to compare among subway station halls, platforms, and in-cabin trains based on integrated sub-MEs. Results show that relative humidity, air velocity, respirable particulate matter (PM10) concentration, and illuminance dissatisfy the requirements in relevant national standards. Significant difference was observed in lighting environment between station hall and platform. It was detected platforms are warmer and more polluted than train cabins. Additionally, subway trains generate main noise on platform which is much louder when leaving than arriving. Protective strategies for sub-ME improvement as well as principles for updating standards were proposed from a proactive point of view. The findings are beneficial for moving towards healthy urban sub-MEs and more sustainable operation of subway systems.

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Anand Kumar Varma S, Mahmood Anas M S, Harun Raseed M, Nithishbalasubramanian O i Madhan Kumar R. "Determination of air quality index and its impacts on human health in Chennai City". Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews 3, nr 1 (30.09.2021): 046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/msarr.2021.3.1.0069.

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Air pollution in India particularly in metropolitan cities is a serious issue mainly due to vehicular emission, traffic congestion, burning of coal, fuelwood process. The objective of this project is to provide insightful details about the current situation of air quality across five locations in Chennai city and its impacts using an air quality detector meter. The concentration of pollutants namely Carbon dioxide (CO2), Formaldehyde (HCHO), Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) and, meteorological conditions like Temperature and Humidity are measured at five polluted areas in Chennai metropolitan city and Air Quality Index values are calculated. From the above Air Quality Index values, it is found that Marina Beach bus stop, Velachery bus stop, Mount Road government estate metro station, Koyambedu bus station, Alandur metro station are identified as problematic zones and health impacts are Published.

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Liu, Jianwei, Zheyong Wang, Peng Shan, Jinyu Wang i Cuiping Wang. "Investigation and low energy improvement of the thermal environment of work areas in the Qingdao Metro in winter". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, nr 1 (3.08.2019): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419867198.

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Few studies have investigated the thermal environment of the work area hall in underground metro stations during winter. Two underground stations were chosen within Qingdao Metro Lines 2 and 3 to investigate the thermal environment in the work area hall in northern city metros in China. Air temperatures and wind velocity parameters were identified as key influencing factors and were continuously measured in the work area. The study found that the thermal environment fluctuates frequently in the work area throughout the day. Changes in temperatures and wind speeds were periodically caused by piston wind flowing from the platform level. To improve this heating situation in the work area in winter, the study proposes recycling waste heat from the power equipment rooms, using the air source but through the water cycle heat pump system. Insights from the study may help save energy and improve the thermal environment, and could be applied across metro stations in north China cities in winter. Practical application: The thermal comfort of the working area in the metro station hall is extremely poor as indicated by a study of Qingdao Metro stations. This paper explores the application of a heat pump as a means of heating the working area to improve the cold and damp winter environment for the metro staff using waste heat from the machine rooms.

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Gong, Yu, Tao Zhou, Youcai Zhao i Bin Xu. "Characterization and Risk Assessment of Particulate Matter and Volatile Organic Compounds in Metro Carriage in Shanghai, China". Atmosphere 10, nr 6 (1.06.2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10060302.

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Air quality in transportation microenvironment has received widespread attention. In this study, the exposure levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter that have a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) in Shanghai metro system were measured simultaneously, and their risks to human health under different driving conditions were then assessed. The results showed that VOCs, PM2.5 concentrations and life cancer risk (LCR) of four VOCs (benzene, formaldehyde, ethylbenzene, and acetaldehyde) in the old metro carriages were about 3 times, 3 times and 2 times higher than those in the new metro carriages, respectively. This difference can be ascribed to the fact that air filtration system in the new metro trains is significantly improved. The VOC levels, PM2.5 concentrations and LCR of VOCs on the above-ground track were slightly higher than those on the underground track. This is due to less outdoor polluted air entering into the carriage on the underground track. Number of passengers also had an effect on VOCs and PM2.5 concentrations in metro carriages. Additionally, the LCR of VOCs inside metro trains should not be ignored (7.69 × 10−6~1.47 × 10−5), especially inside old metro trains with the old ventilation system.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Air quality in underground metro station"

Söderberg, Benjamin. "Simulation of air quality in underground train stations". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288490.

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Particulate matter (PM) is a widespread air pollutant of microscopic particles that are suspended in the atmosphere. There is high concentration of PM in underground train stations and tunnels. The concentration of particulate matter (PM10) measured in Stockholm’s metro varies significantly between day and nighttime traffic of trains. Emission factors are a representative value of a pollutant released into the atmosphere. These factors can be expressed as the weight of pollutant divided by a unit distance, volume, or weight. In this document it is expressed as the amount of energy used to produce a unit weight. Such factor expresses estimation of emissions from train wheel-rail contact and brake. Simulation of particulate matter using IDA tunnel was conducted to evaluate and predict particulate matter (PM10) concentration levels. Previous measured data of PM10 from Mariatorget’s platform (performed by SLB analysis) was used for the validation of the simulation model. These data were collected during winter and summer periods. It was then used as fundamental reference to simulate and calibrate emission factors. Important parameters of the tunnel, platform and trains that were used in traffic were imported. There are ventilation shafts on each end of the platform. These ventilation shafts are open fully during summer and closed during winter periods. Thus, two case scenarios, winter and summer were investigated. The results obtained were later evaluated and analysed. Sensitivity analysis was made to test the effect of ventilation shaft’s openings on emission factors. The results from winter case study showed that emission factors are 0.57 g/kWh from wheel-rail contact and 0.031 g/kWh from brakes. Emission factors from wheel-rail contact give 70% of the measured PM10 concentration whereas brakes give 30% of PM10 concentrations. Results obtained from summer case study showed that emission factors are 0.61 g/kWh and 0.05 g/kWh from wheel-rail contact as well as from brakes, respectively.
Partiklar är en utbredd luftföroreningar av mikroskopiska partiklar som finns i luften. Det finns höga halter av PM (particulate matter) i underjordiska tågstationer och tunnlar. Partikelhalten (PM10) som är uppmätt i Stockholms tunnelbana varierar betydligt mellan dag- och natttågtrafik. Emissionsfaktorn är ett representativt värde för mängden partiklar som släpps ut i atmosfären. Dessa faktorer kan uttryckas som massan av partikel per enhetsavstånd, volym eller vikt. I detta dokument uttrycks detta som den mängd energi som går åt för att producera enhetsviktspartiklar. Faktorn uttrycker en uppskattning av partikelemissioner från hjul-rälskontakt och broms. Simulering har genomfördes i IDA tunnel för att utvärdera och förutsäga partikelhalten på tågplattformar. Tidigare uppmätta data under vinter och sommar från Mariatorgets plattform (utförd av SLB-analys) användes för validering av simuleringsmodellen. Detta användes sedan som grundläggande referens för att simulera och kalibrera emissionsfaktorer. Viktiga parametrar för tunneln, plattformen och tågen som användes i trafiken är inhämtade och evaluerade. Ventilationsschakt finns i varje ände av plattformen. Dessa ventilationsschakt är öppna under sommaren och stängda under vinterperioden. Således undersöktes två scenarier, vinter- och sommarfall. De erhållna resultaten utvärderades och analyserades senare. Känslighetsanalys gjordes för att testa effekten på emissionsfaktorerna av ventilationsschaktens öppningsgrad. Resultaten från vinterfallstudien visade att emissionsfaktorerna är 0,57 g/kWh från hjul-rälkontaktoch 0,03 g/kWh från bromsarna. Emissionsfaktorn från hjul-rälkontakten ger 70 % av den uppmätta PM10 koncentrationen, medan bromsarna ger 30 %. Resultaten från sommarfallstudien visade att emissionsfaktorerna är 0,61 g/kWh och 0,05 g/kWh från hjul-rälkontakten och bromsarna, respektive.

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B, Praveen. "Evaluation of indoor air quality in underground metro station platforms in delhi city". Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7767.

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Części książek na temat "Air quality in underground metro station"

Waymel, Frederic, i Christophe Butaud. "Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Tunnels and Underground Stations". W Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 580–604. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0084-1.ch022.

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This chapter is an overview of the state of the art and advanced principles in the field of ventilation and air conditioning (AC) in tunnels and underground stations. The first part is dedicated to the background which deals with the design objectives that are generally retained for normal and emergency operation of underground rail projects. The second part provides solutions and recommendations of ventilation and AC strategies that can be used in metro and rail projects. Advantages and drawbacks of the proposed solutions are also discussed. The main parameters that can influence the design are introduced in this section. The possibility of using draught relief shaft is detailed. Advantages of Platform Screen doors and heat sink effects are also described. Various cooling technologies of station air conditioning systems are presented. Critical issues when designing longitudinal ventilation system for tunnel emergency situations are also discussed. The last part is a short list of future research directions in the field of cooling / heating production for air conditioning systems.

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Moghimi, Bahman, i Camille Kamga. "Transit Signal Priority in Smart Cities". W Transportation Systems for Smart, Sustainable, Inclusive and Secure Cities [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94742.

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Giving priority to public transport vehicles at traffic signals is one of the traffic management strategies deployed at emerging smart cities to increase the quality of service for public transit users. It is a key to breaking the vicious cycle of congestion that threatens to bring cities into gridlock. In that cycle, increasing private traffic makes public transport become slower, less reliable, and less attractive. This results in deteriorated transit speed and reliability and induces more people to leave public transit in favor of the private cars, which create more traffic congestion, generate emissions, and increase energy consumption. Prioritizing public transit would break the vicious cycle and make it a more attractive mode as traffic demand and urban networks grow. A traditional way of protecting public transit from congestion is to move it either underground or above ground, as in the form of a metro/subway or air rail or create a dedicated lane as in the form of bus lane or light rail transit (LRT). However, due to the enormous capital expense involved or the lack of right-of-way, these solutions are often limited to few travel corridors or where money is not an issue. An alternative to prioritizing space to transit is to prioritize transit through time in the form of Transit Signal Priority (TSP). Noteworthy, transit and specifically bus schedules are known to be unstable and can be thrown off their schedule with even small changes in traffic or dwell time. At the same time, transit service reliability is an important factor for passengers and transit agencies. Less variability in transit travel time will need less slack or layover time. Thus, transit schedulers are interested in reducing transit travel time and its variability. One way to reach this goal is through an active intervention like TSP. In this chapter a comprehensive review of transit signal priority models is presented. The studies are classified into different categories which are: signal priority and different control systems, passive versus active priority, predictive transit signal priority, priority with connected vehicles, multi-modal signal priority models, and other practical considerations.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Air quality in underground metro station"

Hasan, Alaa, Tarek ElGammal, Ryoichi S. Amano i Essam E. Khalil. "Flow Patterns and Temperature Distribution in an Underground Metro Station". W ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2018 Power Conference and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2018-7413.

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Accurate control of thermal conditions in large space buildings like an underground metro station is a significant issue because passengers’ thermal comfort must be maintained at a satisfactory level. The large eddy simulation (LES) model was adopted while using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software “STAR CCM+” to set up a CFD station model to predict static air temperature, velocity, relative humidity and predicted mean vote (PMV), which indicates the passengers’ thermal comfort. The increase in the number of passengers using the model station is taken into consideration. The studied cases covered all the possible modes of the station box, these modes are (1) the station box is empty of trains, (2) the presence of one train inside the station box, (3) the presence of two trains inside the station box. The objective is to bring the passengers’ thermal comfort in all modes to the acceptable level. The operation of under platform exhaust (UPE) system is considered in case of train presence inside the station box. The use of UPE is more energy efficient than depending entirely on the air conditioning system to maintain the thermal conditions comfortable.

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Davis, V. O. "Impact of Metrorail Stations in Washington, DC on Land Use and Development: Shady Grove Metro Station Case Study". W Transportation Land Use, Planning, and Air Quality Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40960(320)12.

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