Artykuły w czasopismach: „Air Defence Officer”

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Norton, Lord Kings. "The beginnings of jet propulsion". Aeronautical Journal 103, nr 1022 (kwiecień 1999): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000096494.

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The chairman: I know that everyone here shares with me our pleasure in welcoming as our lecturer one of the most distinguished and one of the most erudite and delightful people of all those who over the years have made their mark on British aeronautics. Lord Kings Norton has been Chancellor of Cranfield Institute of Technology since 1969. He began his career in aviation sixty-one years ago at Cardington, as a young engineer working on the design and construction of that much maligned major project, the airship R101, and then subsequently as Dr. Harold Roxbee Cox (as many of us still remember him) he was the head of the Air Defence Department of the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough. Next he was Chief Technical Officer of the newly formed Air Registration Board before he returned to the RAE in 1939 as Superintendent of Scientific Research.

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Nugrahanto, Widyo. "BKR (BADAN KEAMANAN RAKYAT): Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?" Metahumaniora 8, nr 3 (27.12.2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/metahumaniora.v8i3.20718.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul BKR (Badan Kemanan Rakyat):Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?!. Penelitian ini merupakan interpretasi baru tentang cikal bakal TNI, yang umumnya banyak merujuk pada PETA (Pembela Tanah Air). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Sejarah.Metode Sejarah memiliki empat tahapan yaitu Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi.Sumber-sumber penelitian ini menggunakan koran-koran sezaman, majalah sezaman, dan buku. BKR dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI didasarkan beberapa sebab. Pertama, atas dasar legalitas formal, PETA telah dibubarkan sehingga BKR adalah satuan militer yang pertama kali dibentuk setelah Indonesia merdeka. BKR selanjutnya melahirkan pembentukan TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) dan TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). Kedua, jika PETA dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI, maka KNIL dan beberapa satuan keprajuritan diabaikan. Padahal, beberapa bekas perwira KNIL memiliki peran penting di tubuh BKR hingga TNI.Kata kunci: BKR, Tentara, TNIAbstractThe main subject this study is BKR – Indonesian civil defense corps – as origin of Indonesian Military. This study is new interpretation about the origin of TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) now. Many opinion refer to PETA as civil defense corps in Japanese occupation era. Study emlpoys a Historical Method, which consists of four stage: Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, Historiography. The study utilize some sources such as newspaper, magazine, and book. Main finding of this study is PETA had dispersed as legality and formally and BKR was formed as the firts corps after Independence of Indonesia. Futhermore, BKR changed to TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) until TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). If PETA is considered as origins of Indonesian Military, then it ignore KNIL – a colonial armed forces – and the other defence corps. Even though the eks KNIL’s officer have important role in military managenment of BKR until TNI.Keywords: BKR, Military, TNI

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Nugrahanto, Widyo. "BKR (BADAN KEAMANAN RAKYAT): Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?" Metahumaniora 8, nr 3 (27.12.2018): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/mh.v8i3.20718.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul BKR (Badan Kemanan Rakyat):Cikal Bakal Tentara Indonesia?!. Penelitian ini merupakan interpretasi baru tentang cikal bakal TNI, yang umumnya banyak merujuk pada PETA (Pembela Tanah Air). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Sejarah.Metode Sejarah memiliki empat tahapan yaitu Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi.Sumber-sumber penelitian ini menggunakan koran-koran sezaman, majalah sezaman, dan buku. BKR dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI didasarkan beberapa sebab. Pertama, atas dasar legalitas formal, PETA telah dibubarkan sehingga BKR adalah satuan militer yang pertama kali dibentuk setelah Indonesia merdeka. BKR selanjutnya melahirkan pembentukan TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) dan TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). Kedua, jika PETA dianggap sebagai cikal bakal TNI, maka KNIL dan beberapa satuan keprajuritan diabaikan. Padahal, beberapa bekas perwira KNIL memiliki peran penting di tubuh BKR hingga TNI.Kata kunci: BKR, Tentara, TNIAbstractThe main subject this study is BKR – Indonesian civil defense corps – as origin of Indonesian Military. This study is new interpretation about the origin of TNI (Indonesian National Armed Forces) now. Many opinion refer to PETA as civil defense corps in Japanese occupation era. Study emlpoys a Historical Method, which consists of four stage: Heuristic, Critic, Interpretation, Historiography. The study utilize some sources such as newspaper, magazine, and book. Main finding of this study is PETA had dispersed as legality and formally and BKR was formed as the firts corps after Independence of Indonesia. Futhermore, BKR changed to TKR (Tentara Keamanan Rakyat), TKR (Tentara Keselamatan Rakyat), TRI (Tentara Republik Indonesia) until TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia). If PETA is considered as origins of Indonesian Military, then it ignore KNIL – a colonial armed forces – and the other defence corps. Even though the eks KNIL’s officer have important role in military managenment of BKR until TNI.Keywords: BKR, Military, TNI

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4

Liberacki, Marcin, i Marek Żyła. "The Education of Foreign Military Personnel in the Polish Military Universities and Academies as a Factor Enhancing National Security — Selected Aspects". Internal Security 9, nr 2 (9.07.2018): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1712.

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The article discusses factors enhancing the development of international cooperation in military education limited to several chosen aspects of educating foreign military personnel in Polish military schools between 2013–2017. Such cooperation is conducted through making contact with foreign partners and participation in mutual events in the field of science, research and didactics, as well as the exchange of students and teaching staff. Additionally, the paper presents legal conditions for the education of foreigners — primarily the regulations of the Higher Education Act by which the Minister of National Defence is authorised to coordinate the cooperation of Polish and foreign schools and academies as a part of international agreements. Moreover, the priorities of the cooperation are also mentioned. Such priorities are treated as an effective tool in supporting the process of the creation of a friendly international environment and as a part of trying to achieve some kind of unification of education and training. One of the best examples of such a priority is an increase of exchanges of military students that were made possible by the establishment of a system of exchange of students from military higher education institutions (officer cadets) and this programme is called the European Initiative for the Exchange of Young Officers (Military ERASMUS). A significant role for the development of international cooperation is also played by 1st degree studies (bachelor degree), run in the English language, conducted by three Polish military academies — Naval Academy, Military University of Land Forces and Air Force Academy. Finally, postgraduates studies, English language courses on different levels, according to STANAG 6001, and the Polish language course for foreigners complete the educational offer for the foreign partners.

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ADELMAN, LEONARD, TERRY BRESNICK, PAUL K. BLACK, F. FREEMAN MARVIN i STEVEN G. SAK. "Research with Patriot Air Defense Officers: Examining Information Order Effects". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38, nr 2 (czerwiec 1996): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089606380206.

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Adelman, Leonard, Terry Bresnick, Paul K. Black, F. Freeman Marvin i Steven G. Sak. "Research with Patriot Air Defense Officers: Examining Information Order Effects". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38, nr 2 (1.06.1996): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872096779048002.

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Yang, Hye Won, i Keun Hwan Yoo. "A Study on the Preferred Role of Korean Military NCO". Taegu Science University Defense Security Institute 6, nr 4 (31.08.2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37181/jscs.2022.6.4.033.

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As the youth population decreased, changes occurred in the current military structure. It is expected that the youth population will continue to decline in the future. The period of military service has also been significantly reduced compared to the past. 18 months in the Army, 20 months in the Navy, and 21 months in the Air Force. As the military structure changes, the period of service and the number of soldiers change, the role of the non-commissioned officer in the South Korean military becomes more significant and emphasized. This is because non-commissioned officers serve for a long period of time in one unit. Korea is in the most difficult geopolitical position in East Asia. China, Russia, Japan and North Korea are adjacent, and the military power of these countries is very strong and is constantly being upgraded. South Korea must build solid security based on its strong national defense capabilities. NCOs must play an officer-like role between commanders and soldiers in order to maintain combat power in the changing military force situation. As the military structure changes, the period of service and the number of soldiers change, the role of the non-commissioned officer in the South Korean military becomes more significant and emphasized.

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Priyono, Sigit. "EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN MINIMUM ESSENTIAL FORCE (MEF) PADA POSTUR PEWIRA TNI Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Aliansi ANGKATAN UDARA". Aliansi : Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis 14, nr 2 (6.10.2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46975/aliansi.v14i2.43.

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The objective of this research was to understand comprehensively of the evaluation of implementation policy ofMinimum Essential Force (MEF) in pertain of human resources focus on officers in the Indonesian Airforce, I was aqualitative recearch with an evaluative method of CIPP model, conducted in Ofiice of Ministry of Defence, IndonesianArmed forces Head quaters, and Indonesian Airforce head quaters, Jakarta.The data were collected through participant observation using interview, observation, document study, andrecording as well as focus group discussion. The data analysis and intrepretation indicates that (1) Indonesiandefence policy to build of minimum essential force by small and more effective with limited of budget; (2) ScopeDefence policy at minimum essential force: (a) Organization (b) Defence Budget (c) Human resources, Three of themare able to protect of the sourvergnity and territorial integrity in the border or in the flash point area; (3) MEF PolicyIn the Indonesian Air Force should be implemented particularly officers as backbond to catch up effectivity, efficiency,equity, and responsiveness of implementation management system in the The Indonesian Air Force organization wasfound to more effective.The findings of this evaluation by CIPP methode scored 3,24 as good result, and give some recommendation topractice continuous improvement to redesign of defence policy by involving of society and in practica to the AirForce organization to reconstruct human resources planning especially for officers.

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Li, Wei Te, Xun Li Xu, Xiu Li Qi, Wen Bin Xie i Guo Qin Qiu. "The Design and Implement of Civil Air Defense Engineering Management System Based on GIS". Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (wrzesień 2013): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.790.

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Considering the requirement analysis，the thesis discusses and analyses the general design and function constitution of the civil air defense engineering management system. It adapts groupware GIS and Visual Studio platform by web interface to realize the system based on B/S model. The thesis detailedly analyses the design and implement of client layer, intermediate service layer and data layer. The system improves the shortage of the traditional civil air defense work, and realizes information office work.

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Adelman, Leonard, i Terry Bresnick. "Examining the effect of information sequence on Patriot air defense officers' judgments". Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 53, nr 2 (listopad 1992): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(92)90062-c.

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Perge, János, i Erika Perge. "National Defence of Hungary – Military Units and Military Facilities of Debrecen (Part 2)". Hadtudományi Szemle 15, nr 3 (8.12.2022): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2022.3.7.

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The army has always played a major role in the performance of defence tasks in Hungary. This article presents the development of Hungary’s national defence from the collapse of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy in 1918 to the present day. It describes the ground, cavalry and air units of the Royal Hungarian Army stationed in Debrecen since 1920, the military facilities used by the Soviet Red Army in Debrecen, and the units of the Hungarian Defence Forces operating in the city. It presents the work, activities, tasks and military facilities of the following entities: HDF 5th “István Bocskai” Infantry Brigade, HDF 24th “Gergely Bornemissza” Reconnaissance Regiment, HDF 2nd “vitéz Antal Vattay” Territorial Defence Regiment, 3rd “Sándor Oláh” Territorial Defence Battalion and the HDF Military Administration and Central Registry Command 2nd Augmentation and Recruitment Centre, and the 3rd Augmentation and Recruitment Office, the last two of which being responsible for providing supplies.

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Kajetanowicz, Jerzy. "Siły Zbrojne PRL w strukturach wojskowych Układu Warszawskiego". Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 23, nr 4 (2022): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2022.4(282).0007.

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The article presents the scope of the Polish People’s Republic participation in the military structures of the Warsaw Pact. The first part concerns the participation of Polish officers in command bodies, such as the United Command and Staff of the United Armed Forces, and in military advisory bodies. The second part presents the composition of Polish contingents assigned to the United Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact. These contingents were composed of operational units from all four branches of the military, i.e. the army, air force, air defense orce and navy.

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Kornilov, A. A. "THE EGYPTIAN-ISRAELI WAR OF ATTRITION OF 1969-1970 IN MEMOIRS OF A SOVIET AIR DEFENSE OFFICER". Vestnik of Lobachevsky University of Nizhni Novgorod, nr 5 (2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52452/19931778_2022_5_25.

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Jolly, R. T. "Personality, Individual Differences and Command in War: 1982". Journal of The Royal Naval Medical Service 82, nr 3 (grudzień 1996): 201–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jrnms-82-201.

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SummaryIn 1982, a small percentage of Great Britain’s armed forces was involved in a short but bitter action to recover some territory in the South Atlantic region that had been invaded by another nation. As part of a UK Ministry of Defence-sponsored study, 30 Commanding Officers of British sea, land and air units involved in Operation CORPORATE participated between seven and nine years later in a research study investigating their individual variations in personality and the perceived effects of their experience of Command in War. Ten single-seat, fast jet pilots from a slightly younger age group were also investigated.

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Lindroth, Erica J., Mark S. Breidenbaugh i Jeffrey D. Stancil. "US Department of Defense Support of Civilian Vector Control Operations Following Natural Disasters". Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 36, nr 2s (1.06.2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2987/19-6884.1.

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ABSTRACT The United States Department of Defense (DoD) employs advanced-degreed entomologists as Preventive Medicine and Public Health Officers in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. While the primary objective of military entomologists is service member health and readiness (“force health protection”), military entomology resources can provide support to civil authorities as directed by the President or Secretary of Defense through Department of Defense Directive 3025.18, Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). The employment of DSCA is complex and involves the consideration of such factors as the proper request process, funding, legality, risk, appropriateness, and readiness. Once approved and mobilized, however, military preventive medicine assets can be of significant help to civil authorities when dealing with emergency vector control. This paper will address some of the policy issues surrounding the use of DSCA, outline the resources available from the individual military services, and provide examples of DoD contingency vector control support to civil authorities.

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Zimmerman, Phil, Tracee Gilbert i Frank Salvatore. "Digital engineering transformation across the Department of Defense". Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, nr 4 (20.12.2017): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512917747050.

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A digital transformation has been implemented across a range of industries to drive affordability, agility, quality, and efficiency. Advancements in digital technologies are unleashing innovations that provide an opportunity to transform the engineering practice. Digital engineering is the Department of Defense’s (DoD’s) initiative to transform the way it designs, develops, delivers, operates, and sustains complex systems in a formidable and changing threat environment. It is defined as “an integrated digital approach that uses authoritative sources of systems’ data and models as a continuum across disciplines to support lifecycle activities from concept through disposal.” This paper sets the strategic direction for the digital engineering vision, in which five strategic goals are presented to guide DoD’s transformation efforts. This paper also describes the digital engineering initiatives that are in progress across the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Air Force, Army, and Navy. While these efforts have begun to realize initial benefits, challenges and next steps are also presented in order to realize the vision.

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Herndon, J. Marvin, i Mark Whiteside. "Environmental Warfare against American Citizens: An Open Letter to the Joint Chiefs of Staff". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, nr 8 (24.08.2020): 382–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8940.

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While the public perception of the recent attempts to unseat duly-elected U.S. President Donald J. Trump is thought to be solely of national origin, there is strong evidence of a more pernicious, United Nations’ sanctioned environmental assault on America and on American citizens. The United States and other sovereign nations are in the midst of a highly organized, covert environmental warfare assault, underlain by deception and deceit, orchestrated by a foreign entity, and perpetrated in America by the U.S. Air Force and its contractors, and facilitated by intelligence-agency operatives. The intent, to slowly and insidiously sicken, weaken, and debilitate citizenry, cause weather and climate chaos, cripple agriculture, and devastate the environment, is so cleverly underwritten and camouflaged as to have gone unnoticed in the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America and, presumably, is unknown to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. But it is described here. American military officers have the responsibility to protect their own citizens, especially as they possess the means to destroy human and environmental health. Systematically poisoning the air Americans breathe, harming human and environmental health, causing weather and climate chaos, damaging agriculture, and deceiving the public as to the adverse human and environmental health consequences – all under secret orders originating from a foreign entity – we allege, violates not only their Oath of Office, but is tantamount to treason. The United States Air Force co-optation, deceit, and unquestioning capitulation to a foreign entity should be of grave concern to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. With due humility we must emphasize that no military asset is worth damaging human and environmental health, especially on a national or planetary-scale, and especially due to a deceptively-worded, Trojan horse, United Nations international treaty whose signatories presumably were duped into signing in the false belief that they were preventing hostile environmental warfare.

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BURNAT, Katarzyna. "LOOK Container Systems for the African Market". Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 11, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5647.

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The light observation-protective container (LOOK) is intended for security and protection of soldiers/officers performing observation missions, defence and control tasks at checkpoints, military bases or other important strategic locations. It increases the level of protection of staff performing observation and defence tasks thanks to the container's armouring, technical means of observation in both visible and infra-red light spectrums, as well as offering the possibility of armouring the container with weapons. LOOK equipped with integrated weapons reduces personnel losses and effectively combats threats in surveilled zones. LOOK is equipped with an operator (guard commander) post enabling observation and control, a gunner-sentry post with a control and observation desk, communication system, armoured windows with firing positions on three sides and a hatch in the roof for an additional external manual shooting position. In addition, the LOOK container system is equipped with a ventilation and heating subsystem with air conditioning and can be retrofitted with an emergency power supply subsystem. High mobility and transportability by land and sea are characteristics of LOOK.

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Yusof, Ismail bin, i Abd Rahman Abdul Rahim. "Aircraft Acquisition Conceptual Framework". Asian Social Science 13, nr 4 (24.03.2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n4p37.

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The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) has faced difficulties in achieving and sustaining at least 70% of its aircraft availability (Av) in order to support its operational requirements. The head start for this research is to discuss with a focus group (FG) which comprise of eight officers and one moderator and supported by observation on the field. The FG highlighted that the low Av was due to the ineffectiveness and inefficiency of the through life cycle support (TLCS) as a result of weaknesses in the acquisition conceptual framework (ACF). Three research questions were put forward; Q1: Why has the RMAF not achieved its aircraft Av as its desired objectives? Q2: How do the RMAF’s present acquisition practices given a significant impact to Av? And Q3: What is the recommended ACF to be used to ensure higher aircraft Av? The mix mode method (quantitative and qualitative) data collection was used. The literature review focused on critical success factors (CSFs) in terms of acquisition, terms and definition, and present practices in the Royal Malaysian Army (RMA), the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN), the Malaysian public sector, the Department of Defence of the United States of America (DoD USA), the Ministry of Defence of United Kingdom (MoD UK) and the Australian Defence Force (ADF). Based on the CSFs from the literature review, a preliminary ACF I was developed. The RMAF case study had focused on Type A, Type B, Type C and Type D aircraft. Data on aircraft status for FY 2011 to 2015 was gathered from the Air Support Command Headquarters (ASHQ). The survey was achieved through 16 self-administered structured questionnaires which are close-ended involving 120 out of 150 respondents from the Worker Group (WG). The interviewer collected qualitative data using 21 semi-structured questionnaires with open-ended answers on 20 respondents from the Management Group (MG). The survey and interview results were presented in a matrix table and categorized in accordance with themes and their relationships. Based on the results of the case study, the preliminary ACF I was modified to ACF II. Then, ACF II was validated by four experts who comprise of two senior officers and two senior managers from the aviation industry. After validation, the ACF II was modified to ACF III (final) and was proposed for implementation. Three project objectives were put forward. Objective 1: To identify the cause of low Av.

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Böke, Elif Seher, Ali Keleş, Cangül Keskin, Yeliz Tanrıverdi Çaycı i Tugba Turk. "Are aerosol control devices effective in preventing the spread of dental aerosol?" PeerJ 10 (13.07.2022): e13714. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13714.

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Background In dental clinics, aerosols produced from dental instruments have become a matter of concern following breakout of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) evolving into a pandemic. This study compared aerosol reduction systems and in terms of their ability to reduce Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) contaminated aerosol in a simulated dental office set-up. Methods Closed clinic model with manikin and mandibular molar typodont was simulated. For 10 min, the air and water dispersed by the rotating bur mounted on an aerator was contaminated by pouring the suspension containing 1–3 × 108 CFU/mL E. faecalis directly on the bur. During and after the procedures, the air within the cabin was also sampled. CFU count was recorded and scored. The mean CFU scores obtained from agar plate count and air sampling device was compared using Kruskal–Wallis H test among groups with 5% significance threshold. Results The use of WS Aerosol Defender device led to greater CFU scores on the agars levelled to patient’s chest compared to other directions (p = 0.001). Combined use of VacStation and WS Aerosol Defender resulted in significantly decreased CFU score in the air samples compared to experimental and positive control groups (p = 0 < 0.05). Conclusions Although the devices prevented the spread of aerosol around the patient to some extent, they could not completely eliminate the contaminated aerosol load in the cabin environment.

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Kitler, Waldemar. "Organizational preparation of central public administration bodies to manage the implementation of defense tasks Part III. Concept of tasks and organization of the organisational units of administrative offices of chief bodies of government administration for the management of the implementation of defence tasks". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 202, nr 4 (15.12.2021): 664–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6172.

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Such bodies as the Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister and ministers in charge of departments of government administration, in order to exercise competencies in the field of defence, should have the ability to perform administrative functions to satisfy missions, goals and tasks in this matter assigned to them by the legislator. Their authority and duties in the defence field are closely related to their authority and duties in other areas of national security, so there is a need to arrange the organisational units set up for this purpose in such a way that their scope of action includes matters corresponding to the authority’s competence in the field of national security and defence, taken as a whole. Given the rank of the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister in Poland, and their competencies in the area of national security, urgent changes are required to adapt the organisational units of the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (KPRM), and above all the Government Centre for Security (RCB). The RCB needs to be transformed so that it is able to fulfil the role of a national security and defence headquarters under the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister. It would be an analytical-planning-coordination office, ensuring staff coordination of coherent, uninterrupted and continuous state activities in the field of state security and defence. Innovation in this respect would be accompanied by minor changes in the jurisdiction and structure of the organisational units comprising the KPRM. Following this, given the existing needs identified in the previous articles in this series, it seems necessary to make changes in ministries to implement a unified model of a national security organisational unit (e.g. Department for Security and Defence Affairs). In principle, these units should have similar missions and composition in all ministries, but some reasonable exceptions would occur in the Ministry of National Defence and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration. In others, there are and should be separate departments specific to those ministries (e.g. combating economic crime, international security policy, nature conservation, air protection and others).

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Leitenberg, Milton, James Leonard i Richard Spertzel. "Biodefense crossing the line". Politics and the Life Sciences 22, nr 2 (wrzesień 2003): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400006602.

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Last February, on Monday the ninth, Lieutenant Colonel George W. Korch, Jr, Ph.D., United States Army, speaking in his capacity as Deputy Director of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Fort Detrick, Maryland, addressed the 2004 Department of Defense Pest Management Workshop, meeting in Florida at the Jacksonville Naval Air Station. He spoke in the Main Ballroom of the River Cove Officers' Club. As of this writing the workshop's full schedule1 still shows a hypertext link to his remarks, but the link is no longer active. While it was active, as late as April, a copy of his remarks, presented as computer slides, could be downloaded to any computer, anywhere. It can still be found, unofficially.2

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Bobrova, R. Yu. "Justification of military professional competences required by graduate officers". Professional education in the modern world 12, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-1-15.

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Introduction. The current international geopolitical situation and modern technical level of weapons, military and special equipment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation place high demands on gr aduates of higher military educational institutions (vvuz), on which the defense capability of our Motherland, the strength and power of its army directly depends. Therefore, the training of officers is one of the most important priority areas of military construction of the Russian army. An important role in this matter belongs to the military professional training of young officers, the readiness of graduates of higher education institutions for future service in the military, military administration bodies, educational and research organizations, the formation of their responsible and interested attitude to their work. The successful solution of the problem of military vocational training of graduates of higher education institutions is possible with the help of a competent approach set out in the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Professional Education of the third generation (FGOS)Problem statement. The main objective of this work is to substantiate the military-professional competencies received by cadets during their studies at higher education institutions.Methodology of the study. In the course of this study, methods of analysis and synthesis were used, a set of measures was carried out, including collection, comparison, generalization, ranking, formulation, targeting.Results. Based on the results of the work carried out, the most important military professional competencies of future officers were substantiated. Graduates of higher military education institutions should be able to conduct combat training classes with subordinates; organize the daily service activities of subordinates; ensure the safety of military service of subordinates; ensure the strengthening of military discipline in a subordinate military unit.Conclusions. The article considers and substantiates the definitions of “competence” and “competency”, “professional competence of military personnel”, which most accurately correspond to the modern educational paradigm that is based on personality-oriented learning and competence-based approach, currently implemented in the Russian education system. The conclusions are formulated based on the results of consideration and analysis of these terms. In addition, based on the analysis and synthesis of the content of the current FGOS for higher professional education and the requirements for the training of specialists of the Military Training and Scientific Center of the Air Force “Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy”, as well as relying on the results of an expert survey of corresponding relevant categories of the permanent staff of the Air Force and representatives military units, a number of relevant military-professional competencies were substantiated, which it is advisable to form among officers-graduates of the higher military educational institution. The results obtained in the work can be applied not only in higher military education institutions, but also in edu cational institutions of other departments.

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Hermann Léopold, HOUESSOU. "THE " REPUBLICAN POLICEMAN" ACCORDING TO THE OTHER IN ABOMEYCALAVI (BENIN)". International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch 07, nr 04 (2022): 01–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35410/ijaeb.2022.5739.

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In Benin, the "Republican Police" is defined as a single internal security force, resulting from the merger of the former national police and the former national gendarmerie of Benin in accordance with law N ° 2017-41 of December 29, 2017. Article 2 of Decree No. 2018-314 of July 11, 2018 stipulates that the Republican Police is a paramilitary force established to ensure public security, the maintenance of order and the execution of laws. It has jurisdiction over the entire territory, including paramilitary and military personnel as well as military barracks, air bases and naval force buildings. The police officer is therefore invested with missions that can put him in “situation” with all the components of society, including his own colleagues. This state of affairs generates a host of opinions related to the police in the execution of their sovereign missions. This research aims to analyze the perceptions of the Republican policeman in the town of Abomey-Calavi. To achieve this, recourse is made to a methodological approach based on documentary research, field investigation and observation. The interviews carried out with 32 respondents composed of citizens, municipal elected officials, road users, prisoners, market women, but also agents of public security and defense forces were approached. It emerges from the analysis of the data carried out under the prism of the symbolic interactionism of H. Blumer, that the Republican police officer is much more concerned with something other than the security and the free movement of people and their goods. Some people surveyed think that the police officer is often misunderstood and is the object of contempt. For still others, the police officer must be more professional to avoid prejudices that are detrimental to the institution.

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Филимонова, О., i O. Filimonova. "“Engineering and Computer Graphics” Discipline in the System of Higher Military Education". Geometry & Graphics 6, nr 4 (29.01.2019): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c21fba3f26c35.85693389.

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In this paper features for creation of educational process in a military higher education institution when studying “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline are revealed. Military education is a part of the Russian Federation’s education system. In conditions of the Armed Forces modernization and development of new methods and ways for conduct of operations the young officers’ perfection acquires a big significance. Requirements applicable to military specialists reflect the concept of educational activity in general – possession of strong theoretical knowledge and formed practical skills at the tasks solution. The big part in the system of development for military engineering education is assigned to practical orientation of training. Future officer has to understand the processes for design, production and operation of cars and mechanisms with varying complexity, therefore be able to work with design documentation of any kind. In the course of “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline studying cadets are learned to read and carry out drawings, to develop their technical support, and also to design and model both two, and three-dimensional objects on a plane and in space. The efficiency of graphic training in a greater degree depends on educational activity’s organization. Application of education traditional forms in combination with innovative practice and methods, development of the system of didactic tools focused on increase in educational process’s intensity is the most optimal one for achievement of training maximum results. During realization of the tasks set by the state for training of competent military specialists, the educational process based on principles of personally focused training with developing orientation has been organized by “Engineering and Computer Graphics” discipline teachers of Military Academy of Troops Air Defense of Russian Federation Armed Forces. The developed system of didactic tools enhances the intensity and productivity of cadets’ educational activity, helps to cultivate professional qualities of future military specialists.

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Abdullahi, Musa Siddiq, i Musa Salisu. "Attitude of Military and Paramilitary Officers towards the Role of Arabic Language in Addressing Security Issues in Nigeria". IIUM Journal of Educational Studies 6, nr 1 (2.07.2019): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v6i1.145.

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This study addresses security issues in Nigeria through Arabic Language Education. Arabic Language is one out of the international languages, it is a member of the Semitic family of language and perhaps the only one among them that has gallantly stood the test of the time. It gains wide range of currency and leaves an indelible mark on the course of world history, culture and civilization. The language has played a significant role in security challenges. It has the ability to solve problems between groups of people by ensuring atmosphere for understanding and peaceful co-existence. The study was a descriptive survey type. The population consisted of all Nigerian military and paramilitary officers using stratified random sampling technique, 50 officers were selected from each of the Nigerian Army, Air force, Police, and Civil Defence corps in the North-east totaling 200. A questionnaire titled “Arabic Language Education and National Security Questionnaire” was designed for the data collection. Test re-test method was employed for the reliability with 0.76 coefficient. One research question and one hypothesis guided the study. Percentage was used to answer the research question and ANOVA was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05significance level. The findings reveal that there was a significant difference in the understanding of Arabic Language among Nigerian security officers. Significant difference was found in addressing insecurity through Arabic than in other languages. It was recommended among others that, the government should recognize Arabic Language as a medium of communication/instruction and of the equal rank with English language in Nigeria. The Language should be incorporated into in-house training for the security officers. Keywords: Nigeria, Security, Arabic Language, Role

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Ducey, Donald L., i Ann Hayward Walker. "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SUPPORT TO SPILL RESPONSE OPERATIONS". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1993, nr 1 (1.03.1993): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1993-1-57.

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ABSTRACT The Department of Defense (DOD), operating through the Directorate of Military Support in the Department of the Army, supports state, local and other federal agency response operations in a wide range of natural and man-caused emergencies. Examples within the past six years include the Ashland Oil tank collapse in Floreffe, Pennsylvania, Exxon Valdez cleanup, Loma Prieta earthquake, hurricanes Hugo and Andrew, Mexico City earthquake, Armero (Columbia) volcanic eruption, and Puerto Rico floods and mudslides. From March 24 to September 27, 1989, the period of the Exxon Valdez initial cleanup operations, DOD provided military and civilian personnel, U. S. Navy ships for housing response workers, cargo and medical evacuation aircraft (fixed wing and helicopters), skimmers, modified dredges, landing craft, Dracones, Zodiak boats, radios, computers, and other miscellaneous equipment. This was in addition to assets of the Alaska Army and Air National Guard, which were committed by the governor. Support was provided to the U. S. Coast Guard on-scene coordinator and supervised by the Alaska Oil Spill Joint Task Force. The General Accounting Office, in its January 1990 report, Federal Costs Resulting from the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill, estimated that DOD spent $62.8 million through September 30, 1989, the largest expenditure by any federal agency. Use of military resources is a realistic scenario in certain situations. Primary responders at the federal and state level should understand how to request and employ these assets. This paper provides a background on DOD support to disaster relief operations, and discusses the types of support available to agencies responding to natural or man-caused emergencies, request and approval mechanisms, the Department of Defense organization to provide support, and reimbursement of the department.

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Totterdill, Peter, i Rosemary Exton. "Case study". Strategic Direction 30, nr 9 (5.08.2014): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-09-2014-0113.

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Purpose – This case study aims to discuss how the Met Office developed a process for creating ideas that help people look at markets differently and bring people with diverse knowledge together to generate better ideas. The Met Office is the UK’s national weather service and an arm of the Department for Business Innovation and Skills. In its 160 years of history, it has been part of a number of Government Departments, including the Board of Trade, the Air Ministry and the Ministry of Defence, where it became an executive agency with a remit to act commercially. Design/methodology/approach – Creating and maintaining income streams in a competitive international market requires ongoing innovation and while its long history and sector pre-eminence means the Met Office has always been successful, it is not always easy to innovate in a public sector organisation with an ingrained culture and traditional top-down authority structure. Findings – This case study discusses how the Met Office developed a process for creating ideas that help people look at markets differently and bring people with diverse knowledge together to generate better ideas. Originality/value – Inspired by external influence, a small core of innovators began a process of “guerrilla” tactics to drive the process forward, firstly by visiting other businesses including Google and Innocent and learning from the experiences they found there. This included Google’s concept of “Playtime” (allowing people some freedom to play with their pet products) and the use of kitchens to encourage employee interaction. The case study concludes with observations for others to consider in the process of introducing employee-led innovation.

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Antonacopoulou, Elena P., Christian Moldjord, Trygve J. Steiro i Christina Stokkeland. "The New Learning Organisation: PART II - Lessons from the Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy". Learning Organization 27, nr 2 (12.01.2019): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-10-2018-0160.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper – PART II – is to present the lived experiences of Sensuous Organisational Learning drawn from the educational practices and learning culture of the Norwegian Defence University College, Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy’s (RNoAFA) approach to growing (Military) leaders. Design/methodology/approach The paper reflects the co-creation of actionable knowledge between military officers, academics at the RNoAFA and international scholars engaged as research collaborators. The objective is to present the benefits of “practising knowing through dialogical exchange” (MacIntosh et al., 2012) as an approach to co-creating knowledge for responsible action. In this case, the authors present the conceptualisation and illustration of the idea of the New Learning Organisation they advance. Findings The Sensuous Organisational Learning – 8As framework explains how Attentiveness, Alertness, Awareness, Appreciation, Anticipation, Alignment, Activation and Agility form an integral part of the educational strategy that enables the RNoAFA to respond to the wider Educational Reforms and Modernisation programme of Norwegian Defence. The RNoAFA is presented as an illustration of how the New Learning Organisation serves the common good if Institutional Reflexivity and High Agility Organising were key aspects of the Learning Leadership it fosters. Research limitations/implications Consistent with MacIntosh et al.’s (2012) dialogical exchanges the authors present the relational and intersubjective nature of meaningful dialogue between the co-authors that provides scope for integrative stories of practice. The resulting illustrative example of the New Learning Organisation, is an account of the learning experienced. Hence, this paper is presented neither as a traditional empirical paper nor as a self-disclosing or even auto-ethnographic account. Instead, it is one of a series of research outputs from innovative research collaboration between the authors all committed to “practising knowing”. Practical implications The New Learning Organisation promoted here focuses on responsible action to serve the common good. Investing in Institutional Reflexivity becomes critical in continuing to broaden the ways of being and becoming. As individuals, communities and organisations, that comprise the institution (in this case Norwegian Defence) grow and elevate their practical judgements to serve the common good the capacity to engage in reflexive critique heightens organisational agility and leadership. Social implications Embedding care as the essence of learning not only enables accepting mistakes and owning up to these mistakes, but reinforcing the strength of character in doing so demonstrating what it means to be resilient, flexible and ready to respond to the VUCA. This is what permits High Agility Organising to foster learning on an ongoing basis driving the commitment to continually renew operational and professional practices. By focussing on how the common good can be better served, the New Learning Organisation cares to pursue the higher purpose that social actions must serve. Originality/value Advancing leadership as a personal, relational and organisational quality supported by an orientation towards practising goes beyond single, double and triple loop learning. In doing so, the Learning Leadership that drives the New Learning Organisation energises Attentiveness, Alertness, Awareness, Appreciation, Anticipation, Alignment, Activation and Agility. This paper marks a new chapter in Organisational Learning research and practice by demonstrating the value of sensuousness as a foundation for improving the practical judgements across professional practices.

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de Gortari Briseno, Julian, Akash Deep Singh i Mani Srivastava. "InkFiltration: Using Inkjet Printers for Acoustic Data Exfiltration from Air-Gapped Networks". ACM Transactions on Privacy and Security 25, nr 2 (31.05.2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3510583.

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Printers have become ubiquitous in modern office spaces, and their placement in these spaces been guided more by accessibility than security. Due to the proximity of printers to places with potentially high-stakes information, the possible misuse of these devices is concerning. We present a previously unexplored covert channel that effectively uses the sound generated by printers with inkjet technology to exfiltrate arbitrary sensitive data (unrelated to the apparent content of the document being printed) from an air-gapped network. We also discuss a series of defense techniques that can make these devices invulnerable to covert manipulation. The proposed covert channel works by malware installed on a computer with access to a printer, injecting certain imperceptible patterns into all documents that applications on the computer send to the printer. These patterns can control the printing process without visibly altering the original content of a document, and generate acoustic signals that a nearby acoustic recording device, such as a smartphone, can capture and decode. To prove and analyze the capabilities of this new covert channel, we carried out tests considering different types of document layouts and distances between the printer and recording device. We achieved a bit error ratio less than 5% and an average bit rate of approximately 0.5 bps across all tested printers at distances up to 4 m, which is sufficient to extract tiny bits of information.

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McQuoid–Mason, David. "LEGAL AID IN NIGERIA: USING NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS PUBLIC DEFENDERS TO EXPAND THE SERVICES OF THE LEGAL AID COUNCIL". Journal of African Law 47, nr 1 (kwiecień 2003): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855303002001.

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At the National Consultative Forum on Transforming the Administration of Justice System in Nigeria, convened by the Federal Minister of Justice and the Federal Attorney-General in November 2001, it was decided to draft a National Action Plan on Justice Sector Reform in Nigeria and to produce a Justice Vision document. The Ministry of Justice and the Attorney-General's office identified the need to examine ways of (a) upholding the Constitution and the rule of law; (b) promoting justice, fairness and human dignity; and (c) incorporating and expanding community participation in the administration of justice. The Legal Aid Council of Nigeria could contribute to this process by establishing a public defender network using law graduates in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). It may be possible to use the NYSC scheme to expand dramatically the current level of legal aid in Nigeria by employing the services of NYSC law graduates more extensively as public defenders. In order to consider the feasibility of such a programme the following factors will be considered: (i) the availability of lawyers and law graduates; (ii) the duties imposed by the Nigerian Constitution; (iii) the function of the Legal Aid Council; (iv) the operation of the Legal Aid Council; (v) the provision of legal aid services by the Legal Aid Council; and (vi) the cost of establishing a structured NYSC public defender programme.

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Gun, Baris, Robert Dean, Beatrice Go, Catherine Richardson i Brian R. Waterman. "Non-modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Sternoclavicular Joint Dislocations in the U.S. Military". Military Medicine 183, nr 5-6 (6.02.2018): e188-e193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usx095.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations, although uncommon, are observed in patients with ligamentous laxity as well as those who experience traumatic injuries. The incidence and epidemiology of this costly and debilitating injury to our relatively young and active military population have not previously been reported. The purpose of this study is to consider and quantify the non-modifiable risk factors associated with this injury. METHODS Using Defense Medical Epidemiological Database, first-time occurrences, from 2006 to 2015 for the ICD-9-CM code 839.61 (closed dislocation of the SCJ), were obtained and further categorized by gender, race, age, rank, and branch of service. Race was classified based on self-reporting of patients into White, Black, or other categories. Age was divided into the categories of less than 20 yr, 20–24 yr, 25–29 yr, 30–34 yr, 35–39 yr, and greater than 40 yr. Rank was categorized as junior enlisted (E-1 to E-4), senior enlisted (E-5 to E-9), junior officer (O-1 to O-3), and senior officer (O-4 to O-10). Branch of service includes Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. Multivariate data analysis was performed to obtain rate per 1,000 person-years as well as adjusted rate (adjusted for age group, gender, race, rank, and service) to isolate risk factors. RESULTS Between 2006 and 2015, 427 cases of closed SCJ dislocations occurred among an at-risk population of 13,772,342 person-years for an unadjusted incidence rate (IR) of 0.031 per 1,000 person-years. The annual unadjusted IR ranged from 0.017 in 2006 to 0.059 in 2014 with the greatest increase occurring between 2006 and 2007 representing 61% increase in the rate of injuries. Males were almost twice as likely to sustain these injuries compared with females (adjusted rate ratio 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23, 2.43). Age was not found to be a risk factor for the development of these injuries with IRs for each age group overlapping with 95% CI for all other age groups. Similarly, the other category for race was also not found to be a statistically significant risk factor. Junior Officers (adjusted rate 0.017; 95% CI 0.011, 0.025) were found least likely to suffer from these injuries with Junior Enlisted (0.034; 95% CI 0.030, 0.040) and Senior Enlisted (0.032; 95% CI 0.028, 0.037) most at risk. Being in the Navy (0.019; 95% CI 0.015, 0.025) was found to be most protective compared with Air Force (0.032; 95% CI 0.026, 0.039), Army (0.036; 95% CI 0.031, 0.041), and Marines (0.036; 95% CI 0.028, 0.045). DISCUSSION and CONCLUSION Annual unadjusted IR of SCJ dislocations readily increased from 2006 to 2014. Statistically significant risk factors, for suffering a closed SCJ dislocation, identified by our study, were male sex, enlisted rank, and branch of service other than Navy. Age and race were not found to have a statistically significant risk. These results can shed light on non-modifiable risk factors for dislocations of the SCJ and can be used in other studies to aid in reducing injury burden on the U.S. Military.

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Stanishovskyi, Arthur. "THE USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN THE TRAINING OF TACTICAL OFFICERS IN MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS". Economics & Education 7, nr 2 (31.08.2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2022-2-3.

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The purpose of this article is to investigate the optimization of the learning process in higher military educational institutions. The paper studies the concept of interactive learning, its basic principles and key features (expanding the boundaries of teachers' cognitive activity, observing the principles of mutual learning, modeling success situations, using different forms of work/formats of learning and activities within one class, problem-based and reflective nature of the class). Methodology. The need to integrate VR-technologies and artificial intelligence technologies into the educational space is emphasized. The disadvantages of interactive learning and situations that exclude the expediency of its use are analyzed. The advantages of the use of interactive learning methods in working with students of higher education institutions are systematized. Results. The classification approaches are defined and the regularity of their formation in the pedagogical literature is characterized. The technologies that are most often used by university teachers when working with students are analyzed. Examples of domestic and foreign educational educational platforms containing high-quality content for independent and collective study of students are given. Practical implications. The need to turn to interdisciplinary assignments based on individual creative work is emphasized. Value/originality. The basic principles of interactive lectures and interactive practical seminars are established. Using the examples of classes on history, foreign language, psychology, mathematical and software support of automated systems functioning, military topography, disciplines related to combat use of units armed with portable anti-aircraft missile systems, use of radio engineering units and military units of the USSR Air Defense Forces, the methodology of interactive technology use is shown.

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Hunter, Alex. "The Cycles of Defense Acquisition Reform and What Comes Next". Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 5, nr 1 (październik 2018): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v5.i1.3.

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Many aspects of war and national defense appear to run in cycles. Indeed, the identification and explanation of these cycles is a favorite pastime of military scholars. Historians and political scientists characterize war as alternating cycles of offensive and defensive dominance. The idea of cyclicality may in fact be hardwired into academic discussions and understandings of war. For example, early war theorist Carl von Clausewitz described an ever-changing character of war undergirded by war’s fundamentally unchanging nature. Because the dominant theoretical understanding of war is that it holds a mixture of both fixed and constantly evolving elements, our concept of war may inherently lend itself to the idea of cycles. At the same time, however, the identification of cycles in war and national defense can be seen empirically. For example, the United States defense budget since World War II is notoriously cyclical, running through peaks and troughs in constant dollar terms roughly every fifteen to twenty years. Since peak defense funding periods do not always align with periods of war, it is not the dynamics of war alone that drive cyclical United States defense budgets but a mix of phenomena that includes economic cycles. Hence, in noting the cyclical nature of many aspects of defense, historians must further investigate to determine what dynamics and constraints may be at play in driving the cycle. While commercial technology continues as a driver of acquisition speed, especially for IT; the decentralization of acquisition decision- making and the delegation of decision authority to the military de- partments will likely encourage different priority balances to emerge in different sectors of the acquisition system. The delegation of acquisition authority to the United States Army has resulted in a significant internal reorganization of its acquisition functions. The Army is, for the first time, establishing a command focused on bringing together the wide variety of acquisition stake- holders in one structure, the Army Futures Command. Army Futures Command will bring the system for deciding requirements for new capabilities together with the acquisition process. In effect, the Army consolidates acquisition responsibilities within the service more closely under the control of the Army Chief of Staff, to whom the commander of Army Futures Command will report. The Army Futures Command will pursue a new modernization strategy, built around six major priorities, and hopes to significantly accelerate the delivery of new capability. By centralizing responsibility for requirements setting and acquisition execution in one command, the Army hopes to reduce the friction (and timespan) of coordinating across the Army’s multiple major communities. By contrast, the United States Air Force plans to extend its delegation of acquisition authority from OSD by redelegating this authority down to program executive officers and empowering program managers. This redelegation may reflect the relative maturity of the Air Force’s major programs, such as the KC-46 tanker and the B-21 bomber, where the high level strategic issues are decided (notably in both cases with cost control as the major priority), and the focus is on program execution. Matters of program execution are often best handled at the program level or as close to it as possible. However, less mature parts of the Air Force acquisition portfolio, such as recent efforts to design new systems for command and control and systems de- signed to approach space as a warfighting domain, may use the same decentralized authority to achieve different objectives. Notably, Air Force acquisition executive Will Roper is using the prototyping authority granted by Congress to rapidly demonstrate critical high-performance technologies, such as hypersonic strike systems called for in the National Defense Strategy. Decentralizing and distributing acquisition authority within military departments may lead to a variety of microcosms within the acquisition system where the balance of acquisition priorities is different. Other trends, however, will impact the acquisition system across its entire scope. Another major trend is the increasing functionality of weapon systems defined by software over hardware. The capability seen in the Air Force’s flight lines, in the Army’s motor pools, or in the Navy’s homeports is increasingly determined by lines of code rather than steel and aluminum. This trend has major implications for the acquisition system because it presents challenges to its basic structure, which was originally de- signed around an industrial production model. Software-defined systems break down the boundaries around which many organizations and processes are organized. Software-based systems don’t graduate from development to production to sustainment like hardware-based systems, presenting challenges to government budgeting mechanisms that are leading to calls for new funding categories that can deal with the iterative nature of software development and production. Consider the idea that a system which can send and receive electrons may serve many purposes, such as a communications device, a sensor, a weapon, and an electronic defense system. Software-based capabilities are steadily spreading, and they are a powerful reason why Under Secretary of Defense Ellen Lord appointed a special assistant, Jeff Boleng, for software acquisition. Boleng will “help oversee the development of software development policies and standards across DoD and offer advice on commercial software development best practices to Pentagon leadership . . . .” Perhaps the perfect embodiment of this trend towards software-driven capabilities is in artificial intelligence. How this trend will affect the balance of acquisition priorities in the future is difficult to predict, but one thing seems likely: change will remain dynamic rather than static, leading to continuous acquisition reform cycles for the years to come.

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Zimmerman, Philomena, Monique Ofori, Donald Barrett, Joseph Soler i Anthony Harriman. "Considerations and examples of a modular open systems approach in defense systems". Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 16, nr 4 (30.04.2018): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512917751281.

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This paper provides an overview of modular open systems approach (MOSA) design principles and open business practices in Department of Defense (DoD) programs, as well as selected examples of MOSA implementations by the Military Departments. The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year (FY) 2017 (Public Law 114-328) Section 805(a) requires DoD to implement MOSA, and an increasing body of evidence indicates MOSA can enable outcomes that merit consideration and advancement. Most DoD programs had already incorporated MOSA to some extent before the NDAA required it, but the formal acknowledgment in law further emphasizes the currency of the approach. MOSA has multiple, similar definitions. For the purposes of this paper, MOSA is defined as a method to design systems with highly cohesive, loosely coupled, and severable modules that DoD can compete separately and acquire from independent vendors. MOSA is an approach rather than a technical or warfighting requirement. The approach allows the Department to flexibly acquire full capabilities and individual components – including systems, subsystems, and software – and create end item systems and services that can respond to changing threats and missions, allow for technology advances, upgrade and sustain when necessary, and maintain appropriate security assurances. Through this paper, the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Systems Engineering (ODASD(SE)) discusses considerations for implementing MOSA, provides three examples of specific implementations by the Air Force, Army, and Navy, and discusses the vision for the future of MOSA application in DoD. The information is based on a literature review of published DoD reports and public documents, interviews with DoD Services discussing lessons, the Services’ written responses to the authors’ requests of exemplars, and review and comments from stakeholders across DoD. The authors concluded that the DoD Services and Agencies’ initiatives contribute to the MOSA body of knowledge and practice.

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Frey, G., i A. Winderlich. "Search and Rescue Services for Airport Disasters in Germany". Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, nr 2 (1985): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065195.

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The Search and Rescue Co-ordination Center Goch called me, some years ago, to the Stuttgart airport with the rescue helicopter of the Federal Armed Forces Rescue Center at Ulm. A single-engine sports plane, whose pilot was a student on his first solo flight, had tried a belly landing. Next to the runway, there were several fire-trucks, two ambulances and one emergency physician's car waiting. Our rescue helicopter stayed hovering for nearly one hour until the student pilot finally managed a belly landing. Safe on the ground, he was surrounded by firemen, paramedics and physicians, while we flew back to Ulm. We had not landed promptly I was told because of the landing taxes an army helicopter has to pay at a civilian airport! This episode prompted me to look for more information.The Federal Republic of Germany is obliged by international agreements to search for planes in distress—no matter what nationality—to save the passengers and, if possible, the equipment and to provide medical treatment for the survivors if necessary. This Search and Rescue (SAR) Service is executed according to the instructions given by the International Civil Aeronautical Organization (ICAO). In the Federal Republic, the SAR service is provided jointly by the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Transport. The Ministry of defense provides the means and the Rescue Co-ordination Center. The Ministry of Transport provides the alarm services through the air traffic control offices.

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Shkel, Andrei M. "A New Wave of Innovation in Micro-Technology for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (μPNT)". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (1.01.2010): 000406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-keynote2_mems.

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Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been the central elements of stand-alone navigation and flight control systems for a variety of platforms, including aircraft, missiles, and land and marine vehicles. Miniaturization of IMUs has always been desirable because smaller size and lower weight opens up opportunities to carry additional payload or fuel, and perhaps enable new applications. Current inertial systems, however, do not meet the performance, size, weight, and cost requirements associated with many emerging DoD applications, including those needed for personal navigation, unmanned air/underwater vehicles, and autonomous robotic platforms. This presentation will discuss the growing interest within the Microsystems Technology Office (MTO) of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in the development of a miniature, self-sufficient navigation system that might be realized through deep integration of timing, inertial navigation units, and other non-inertial sensors. A new wave of innovation is underway bringing to life revolutionary ideas and technologies in micro-fabrication, packaging, ultra-low-power electronics, innovative algorithms, never-before-explored architectures, and exploitation of new integration paradigms.

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ŠKOLNÍK, Miroslav. "NEW TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LOGISTICS IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC". Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej 112, nr 3 (11.03.2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0878.

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Logistics management is implemented in activities such as planning, organisation, implementation, control and assistance in all functional logistics areas. The Military Doctrine of the Slovak Republic establishes three levels of war - strategic, operational and tactical, which are applied in war and non-military operations. However, in today‘s international environment, it is not possible to determine with certainty at what level the organisational structure operates. All levels are interconnected. The Ministry of Defence and the General Staff of the Slovak Armed Forces focus on the strategic logistics management. The logistics office resolves operational and some strategic logistics issues. Logistics departments of ground and air forces deal with operational logistics management, influencing the tasks imposed on the commander in the operational plan for the use of Slovak armed forces, including the creation of procedures, doctrines and training documents. At a tactical level, the logistics of departments and units are organically integrated into the structures of their headquarters with their subordinate logistics units. The structure of logistics management in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic (AF SR) and the role of its individual elements at the strategic, operational and tactical level is examined in this paper. It concludes by showing possible ways of logistics management and goals for the future.

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Ahmed Tura, Hussein. "Indigent’s Right to State Funded Legal Aid in Ethiopia". International Human Rights Law Review 2, nr 1 (2013): 120–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00201004.

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This article examines the extent to which state-funded legal aid in criminal cases is recognized and implemented in Ethiopia. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution and human rights treaties to which Ethiopia is a party recognize an indigent’s right to defense counsel at state expense where the interests of justice so require. However, on the basis of available data collected from the courts, the police stations and prisons, this article finds that the implementing institutions, such as the Office of Public Defenders, are not operating effectively and moreover the public generally lacks legal awareness. These impediments have in turn contributed to a number of indigent accused being tried and convicted without the benefit of legal advice and representation at different stages of proceedings. It has also been found that almost all unrepresented accused have committed serious errors in said proceedings. In addition, lack of legal aid affects the overall justice system since the indigent cannot defend themselves against trained prosecutors armed with state power. In this article it is argued that in order for Ethiopia to implement an indigent’s right to state-funded legal aid, an independent legal aid agency must be established, which should be responsible for the administration of legal aid.

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Zaitseva, Nina V., Tatyana S. Ulanova, Oleg V. Dolgikh, Tatyana V. Nurislamova, Olga A. Kazakova i Olga A. Maltseva. "Immunological and genetic indices in workers under long-term exposure to low-doses of acrylonitrile". Hygiene and sanitation 100, nr 10 (31.10.2021): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-10-1115-1122.

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Introduction. Nowadays there is very relevant research on the study of the characteristics of the impact on the health of workers of low levels of harmful factors (acrylonitrile) of production during long-term exposure. Aim of the study was to examine peculiarities of immunologic and genetic indices in workers under the long-term exposure to acrylonitrile in low doses. Materials and methods. Our research object was working area air (MPCw.ar.=0.5 mg/m3) and biological media (blood and exhaled air) of workers employed at industrial rubber manufacture. Acrylonitrile was determined via a non-invasive procedure in exhaled air with samples being concentrated on sorption tubes that were then analyzed with capillary gas chromatography. Blood samples were examined to determine contents of malonic dialdehyde, lymphocytes (absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD25+, absolute and relative activated T-lymphocytes CD3+CD95+), cytokines (VEGF), oncomarkers (PSA), and adrenals hormones; to do that, we applied ELISA tests and flow cytometry. Results. Acrylonitrile was established to occur in working area air in concentrations varying within MPCw.ar. range (0.007-0.015 mg/m3) being 2-3 times higher than in air inside offices at the same enterprise. We obtained statistically significant linear dependence between concentrations of acrylonitrile in the air exhaled by workers (y) and their working experience (x) that was given with the following equation: y=0.00046+0.00027x. According to the results of the laboratory examination of the workers, violations of the antioxidant defense were established. Contents of malonic dialdehyde and steroid hormones including progesterone, estradiol, and hydrocortisone that were pathogenetically linked to each other were authentically up to 3.2 times higher in the test group than in the reference one (p<0.05). Risk for antioxidant protection disorders such as elevated malonic dialdehyde contents in blood plasma might occur in the test group was 1.58 times higher than in the reference one. Conclusion. We revealed certain peculiarities in polymorphism of PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 gene, the variability of which contributes to the formation of pathology of the cardiovascular, endocrine systems, oncoproliferative states that increase the likelihood of these undesirable events.

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Іддагода, Анурада, Рохіта Абейсайнхе i Хіранья Діссанаяке. "SRI LANKA NAVY THROUGH THE VOYAGE OF EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY". UNESCO Chair Journal "Lifelong Professional Education in the XXI Century" 2, nr 6 (30.12.2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35387/ucj.2(6).2022.51-61.

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The development of human resource management has alarmed the enhancement of performance outcomes. Employee job performance is one main consequences of employee engagement. Employee engagement is all about employee’s head, heart and hand involvement of his/her job as well as his/her organization. Therefore employee engagement has become a buzz word in the management circles. Other than the employee job performance, engaged employee is loyal, creative, innovative and a good team players. They are the people who take extra effort in-order to achieve the organizational goals. In the military context these characteristics are crucial. Consequently engaged employee is vital to the military context as well. National security, diplomatic relations and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) are the traditional roles of the Army, Navy and Air Force. Sri Lanka due to its island geography, Sri Lanka Navy has an especial responsibility for maritime defence. The Identified research gap is that, there is no empirical evidence about the level of employee engagement in the Sri Lanka Navy. Through a thorough quantitative study, the identified empirical and population gap was bridged. This is a descriptive study. Unit of analysis is individual i.e. officers in Sri Lanka Navy. The sample size is 108 Navy officers. Extent of the researcher interference with the study is minimal. Study setting is non-contrived. Type of investigation is correlation. Cross-sectional is the time horizon of the study. An instrument with 12 statements was used. Reliability of the instrument is also ensured. Actively/highly engaged, engaged, moderately engaged, dis-engaged and actively disengaged are the five levels of employee engagement. The results indicate that the level of employee engagement in the Sri Lanka Navy belongs to level ‘four’ on a five-point scale, which is ‘Engaged’.

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Alexey, Antoshin. "Ural Military Officers in the Horn of Africa of the Cold War Era and Their Memoirs: Perceptions of Local Military Conflicts and the Formation of the Refugee Problem". ISTORIYA 13, nr 3 (113) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840020226-7.

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The article is devoted to the problem of local military conflicts in the Horn of Africa region of the Cold War era. The author focuses on the perception of these conflicts (first of all, the Somali-Ethiopian war of 1977—1978) by Soviet military officers, whose life turned out to be connected with the Urals. Particular attention is paid to the memoirs of the captain of the air defense forces Leonid Bersenev, who served in Somalia in 1974—1976. The article uses the theoretical developments of Russian specialists who are engaged in the analysis of the psychological and value attitudes of Soviet combatants in local military conflicts in the second half of the 20th century. The article analyzes the living conditions of Soviet officers in Africa in the 1970s, the specifics of their stay in Somalia, Ethiopia and other countries of the region, shows the features of their relationship with the local population. Considerable attention is paid to Captain L. Bersenev’s perception of the Somali regime of S. Barre and its relations with the Soviet Union and China. The author argues that Soviet military personnel made a significant contribution to Ethiopia’s victory over Somalia in 1978. At the same time, the Somali-Ethiopian war is shown in the context of general political processes in the countries of the Horn of Africa during the Cold War era. The conclusion is substantiated that local military conflicts have become the most important factor in the formation of the problem of refugees and displaced persons, which by the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st centuries became one of the most acute in African countries.

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Krotova, Maria N., i Alina P. Ushakova. "The study of the language consciousness of russian and foreign military specialists by the method of associative experiment". Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. P. G. Demidova. Seriya gumanitarnye nauki 15, nr 2 (11.06.2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/1996-5648-2021-2-276-289.

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The article presents the results of a psycholinguistic study of the language consciousness of military specialists studying at the Yaroslavl Higher Military School of Air Defense. The study involved 100 people. These are representatives of the near and far abroad, as well as cadets from Russia. The main method used by the authors to compare the linguistic picture of the world, that is, linguistic and extralinguistic phenomena, the country of the language being studied and the country of the cadet’s homeland, was an associative experiment. This method allowed us to identify markers for the consciousness of representatives of different linguistic worldviews (the core and the periphery in a particular field of consciousness), the value picture of the world within the framework of linguistic consciousness. Within the framework of this article, the authors presented an analysis of two words-stimuli-army and officer, which will allow us to determine the psychological features of language consciousness, taking into account the country of residence, educational and professional activities and professionalization of the individual. As a result of the experiment, the commonality of ideas and reactions to the basic concepts of military-professional terminology is noted in all cadets, but the specific feature of the language consciousness formed by the native language for a long time (from 20 years or more), the culture and the structure of life of the cadet’s homeland, which determines the unique and uncharacteristic reactions for the Russian language picture of the world, is highlighted.

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Zhang, Youzhi, Qingyu Guo, Bo An, Long Tran-Thanh i Nicholas R. Jennings. "Optimal Interdiction of Urban Criminals with the Aid of Real-Time Information". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17.07.2019): 1262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011262.

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Most violent crimes happen in urban and suburban cities. With emerging tracking techniques, law enforcement officers can have real-time location information of the escaping criminals and dynamically adjust the security resource allocation to interdict them. Unfortunately, existing work on urban network security games largely ignores such information. This paper addresses this omission. First, we show that ignoring the real-time information can cause an arbitrarily large loss of efficiency. To mitigate this loss, we propose a novel NEtwork purSuiT game (NEST) model that captures the interaction between an escaping adversary and a defender with multiple resources and real-time information available. Second, solving NEST is proven to be NP-hard. Third, after transforming the non-convex program of solving NEST to a linear program, we propose our incremental strategy generation algorithm, including: (i) novel pruning techniques in our best response oracle; and (ii) novel techniques for mapping strategies between subgames and adding multiple best response strategies at one iteration to solve extremely large problems. Finally, extensive experiments show the effectiveness of our approach, which scales up to realistic problem sizes with hundreds of nodes on networks including the real network of Manhattan.

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Korshunov, Eduard L., i Aleksandr I. Rupasov. "Archive of the Navy — Branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation: Stages of History". Herald of an archivist, nr 3 (2018): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-915-925.

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The article reviews creation of the departmental archive of the National Commissariat of the Navy (1937) and its functioning to this day. ‘The Statute of the Branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Archive of Navy)’ was adopted on February 20, 2013. According to this document the Archive of Navy became a subdivision of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense, deployed separately and functioning independently. The departmental archive began its acquisition in September 1940. Satisfactory execution of functions by Archive was impeded by multiple changes in the structure of the Directorate of the Peoples’ Commissariat of the Navy, which complicated processing of documents entering the storage. Tasks of the Archive were reduced to the following: to control files condition and document destruction; to compile lists of documents with terms of their storage; to inspect the state of archiving in the Navy; to advise archives and records management offices of central directorates (departments) of the Peoples’ Commissariat of the Navy on formation and registration of files and their transfer to archive; to enter documents of the central directorates (departments) on storage; to track and safeguard documents. On the eve the Great Patriotic War transfer of document from fleet, flotillas, and naval bases was in its initial stage. The first months of the Great Patriotic War prompted evacuation of archival fonds from Moscow to Ulyanovsk (August 1941). By January 1945 these numbered 26550 files and 1234 bags of unsorted documents. At the end of war the Archive was relocated from Ulyanovsk to Leningrad, and then to Kronstadt (1947). In 1950s the Archive continued moving to new places — to Pushkin, to Leningrad, to Gatchina (1961). The fonds of the Archive store unique documents of the Peoples’ Commissariat and Ministry of the Navy, governing bodies under the Commander-In-Chief of the Navy, research establishments, Navy schools, river flotillas, materials on ships and submarines, air force, marines, coastal and anti-aircraft defense, rear, hydrographic, medical and sanitary, and other services. Of great interest for researchers are documents of the General Staff of the Navy.

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, Krupin V.V, Leshchenko A. A. "Membrane Technology in the Production of Immunobiological Preparations Produced by the Branch Office of the FSBE «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of Russia (Kirov)". Journal of NBC Protection Corps 3, nr 2 (2019): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35825/2587-5728-2019-3-2-137-149.

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The researchers of the Branch Office of the Federal State Budgetary Establishment «48 Central Scientific Research Institute» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (Kirov) organized theoretical and experimental studies on the introduction of a tangential filtration method for the separation of biological mixtures into the production of immunobiological preparations. The method of microfiltration in the tangential stream replaced the process of sedimentation at the stage of concoction of intermediate vaccines, reduced considerably the process time, and allowed to obtain suspensions from cultural liquid, substandard on an indicator of concentration of microbial cells. Along with this, the microfiltration method allowed to concentrate the cultures of Yersinia pestis of a vaccinal strain EV. In comparison with the centrifugal separation, the concentration of living microbial cells of a vaccinal strain of EV Y. pestis increased by one and a half times. The filtration in a tangential stream at the ASF-020 installation from the point of view of the production of the sporous product of anthrax vaccine STI-1 (in millions of doses), is 1.8 times more effective in comparison with the centrifugal separation. The membrane method allowed to reduce the duration of technological process. These membrane processes are used nowadays during the production of plague and anthrax vaccines, anthrax immunoglobulin, diagnostic medicines and during the sterilization of liquid nutrient mediums. This type of equipment for the sterilization of nutrient mediums can be considered as an alternative to the processes of the thermal sterilization of liquids and provides their biological and technological full functionality. Experiments on the use of the ceramic-metal filters sterilizing the air given for aeration, showed the decrease in duration of preparatory operations on 20 h and increase in the general operational opportunities of the system.

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Miles, William F. S. "Deploying Development to Counter Terrorism: Post-9/11 Transformation of U.S. Foreign Aid to Africa". African Studies Review 55, nr 3 (grudzień 2012): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600007198.

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Abstract:Since September 11, 2001, the aid component of American foreign policy toward Africa has undergone a significant evolution: U.S. security has come to rival development as an increasingly explicit rationale. Development programming and project implementation now contain a security dimension that is underpinned by Pentagon strategists working through AFRICOM as much as by USAID officers partnering with the State Department. This article argues that given the potential of terrorism for undermining development in Africa itself, soft counterterrorism should be envisioned as a strategic developmental defense activity. Making use of unpublished country risk assessments and the author's participant observation during USAID field mission consultancies in the Sahel, as well as the scholarly literature and relevant policy documents of the Bush and Obama administrations, this article explores the new agenda and grassroots dynamics of development projects as tools for terrorism prevention. It contends that policy and institutional responses to 9/11 have resulted in a greater convergence of operational goals among U.S. government agencies that in the past, at least according to publicly stated goals, had pursued distinctly different missions in Africa. Normative implications of this change are mixed. Because of differing expectations with respect to separation of powers, African public opinion, paradoxically, may be more sympathetic to U.S. military engagement with civilians for developmental purposes than American public opinion is.

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Kaitukov, Georgy B. "ORGANIZATIONAL WORK OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS OF THE PARTY COMMITTEES OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE NORTH OSSETIAN ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR". History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, nr 3 (19.10.2021): 606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch173606-621.

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The challenges of the time require the application of new methodological principles in the study of numerous issues. This also applies to the history of the Great Patriotic War, which has become the focus of study since the middle of the last century. However, the introduction of a large number of new sources into the scientific discourse makes it possible to highlight gaps that require further study. These issues include the activities of the military departments of the party structure, which became an instrument for organizing the work of the home front. For the first time in regional historiography, the article raises problems of the role of military departments under the party committees of the North Ossetian ASSR. The attracted archival material makes it possible to reconstruct the activities of these bodies during the Great Patriotic War. After their foundation in 1939, they took charge of the military-political education of the citizens of the republic. At that time, their activities were limited to working with the sections of the Society for the Assistance of Defense, Aircraft and Chemical Construction (Osoaviakhim), and the military departments of the Komsomol. However, during the war, the area of their responsibility expanded significantly, as evidenced by the documents. The main directions of work of military departments are considered from the regional and the rural levels. The range of activities included not only assistance to military registration and enlistment offices during the period of mobilization campaigns, participation in the re-certification of citizens liable for military service, but also assistance to families of soldiers of the Red Army, disabled war veterans, fundraising for the construction of tank columns, air units, training militia fighters, fighter battalions, partisan detachments, and air defense forces. After the liberation of the territory of the NO ASSR from the invaders, the task of demining the territory was added to the existing duties of the military departments. Reconstruction of the entire set of activities of military departments will make it possible to expand our knowledge of the history of the Great Patriotic War. In order to eliminate the identified scientific gaps, the article uses a corpus of documents that were previously in limited access. Much attention is paid to the originality of these documents, their informational content. With the help of content analysis, it has been possible to conduct a socio-demographic analysis of the collected material, to study the mechanism of organizing paramilitary formations on the territory of the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Knapik, Joseph, i Ryan Steelman. "Risk Factors for Injuries During Military Static-Line Airborne Operations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Journal of Athletic Training 51, nr 11 (1.11.2016): 962–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.9.10.

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Objective: To identify and analyze articles in which the authors examined risk factors for soldiers during military static-line airborne operations. Data Sources: We searched for articles in PubMed, the Defense Technical Information Center, reference lists, and other sources using the key words airborne, parachuting, parachutes, paratrooper, injuries, wounds, trauma, and musculoskeletal. Study Selection: The search identified 17 684 potential studies. Studies were included if they were written in English, involved military static-line parachute operations, recorded injuries directly from events on the landing zone or from safety or medical records, and provided data for quantitative assessment of injury risk factors. A total of 23 studies met the review criteria, and 15 were included in the meta-analysis. Data Extraction: The summary statistic obtained for each risk factor was the risk ratio, which was the ratio of the injury risk in 1 group to that of another (baseline) group. Where data were sufficient, meta-analyses were performed and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Data Synthesis: Risk factors for static-line parachuting injuries included night jumps, jumps with extra equipment, higher wind speeds, higher air temperatures, jumps from fixed-wing aircraft rather than balloons or helicopters, jumps onto certain types of terrain, being a female paratrooper, greater body weight, not using the parachute ankle brace, smaller parachute canopies, simultaneous exits from both sides of an aircraft, higher heat index, winds from the rear of the aircraft on exit entanglements, less experience with a particular parachute system, being an enlisted soldier rather than an officer, and jumps involving a greater number of paratroopers. Conclusions: We analyzed and summarized factors that increased the injury risk for soldiers during military static-line parachute operations. Understanding and considering these factors in risk evaluations may reduce the likelihood of injury during parachuting.

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Panák, Marek, i Jiří Černý. "Military Symbology and Schemes of Battalion Task Force in Selected Tactical Activities (Learning Tool)". Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 13, nr 1 (31.03.2014): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2014.1.17.

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This paper deals with the use of military symbology in accordance with the current standard of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) APP–6C from 2012. It analyses the current state of the topic, especially the available resources dedicated to military symbology and schemes of tactical activities of units. The paper defines the procedures and principles in creating tactical symbols and principles for their use in tactical situations. One of the annexes of is an overview of the most common tactical symbols, which provides a standardized, structured set of graphic symbols identifying the most common units, equipment, lines, areas and maneuvers with respect to the current state of the Army of the Czech Republic. This examination also provides the user, through the presentation of MS Office, a comprehensive overview of tactical symbols, as well as short instructions for their use. These symbols can also be removed from the presentation and can be used by the user as the necessary basis for creating one’s own diagrams of tactical situations. The next part of this thesis deals with the design of new variants of schemes selected for use in tactical operations of a battalion task force. This schema set is available to the user as well in a presentation of MS Office. Individual schemes are drawn to ensure the required clarity and so this presentation can be used for teaching and by students. This work is a learning tool which can be used by students of The University of Defense especially in subjects like Tactics of Units and Tactics of Formations and, other fields of study as well as in military practices of the units of the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR).

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