Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Agriculture environmental health

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Agriculture environmental health”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Damalas, Christos A. "Pesticides in agriculture: Environmental and health risks". Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 4 (sierpień 2018): iv—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2018.08.001.

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You, Fuling, i Shilong Li. "Environmental regulations, green development of agriculture, and residents’ health—empirical analysis of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China". PeerJ 11 (26.07.2023): e15717. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15717.

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Environmental pollution and food safety have become key public health issues to be addressed in China. Since they are closely related to the green development of agriculture, it is of great practical significance to elucidate the intrinsic relationships between green development of agriculture, environmental regulation and residents’ health. Based on the panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2011 to 2020, this study investigates the impacts of environmental regulation and green development of agriculture on residents’ health and the influencing mechanism by applying fixed effects method, mediating effectsmethod and the spatial Dubin method. Results show that the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural films is harmful to residents’ health; environmental regulation has a negative correlation with the green development of agriculture and affect residents’ health through mediating effects; the green development of agriculture has negative spillover effects on residents’ health, indicating that purchasing finished products instead of producing locally reduces the input of production factors such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides and transfers health risks associated with agricultural production activities to neighboring areas. Intensifying command-and-control environmental regulation will induce the expansion of hidden economic activities and harm local residents’ health, while intensifying market-incentive environmental regulation will lead to the ‘Pollution Haven’ phenomenon because of the ‘race to the bottom’, in government and is harmful to the health of residents in neighboring areas. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate reasonable and feasible policies and strengthen the control and prevention of agricultural pollution to enhance green development of agriculture and improve residents’ health.

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Aji, Alfian Chrisna, Mohammad Masykuri i Retno Rosariastuti. "Fitoremediasi Logam Kromium di Tanah Sawah dengan Rami (Boehmeria nivea) dan Environmental Health Agriculture System (EHAS)". Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi 5, nr 2 (14.11.2019): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v5i2.9232.

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Chromium metal is one of the heavy metal wastes from various industries and is persistent for the agricultural environment, especially in rice fields. Chromium metal can change biodiversity and ecosystem function in paddy soil. Chromium metal phytoremediation that pollutes paddy soils with hemp (Boehmeria nivea) is important because paddy soils play a role as a living medium for food crops, especially rice (Oryza sativa). One indicator of the success of phytoremediation is the reduction of chromium metal content in the soil, so it requires a policy system to maintain a healthy environmentally friendly agriculture. This study aimed to determine the ability of Boehmeria nivea to reduce levels of chromium metal in the soil and provide policy solutions to keep environmentally healthy agriculture. This study used a complete randomized block design, random sampling of chromium metal data. The results showed the initial concentration of chromium metal in the soil was 2.36 ppm, after treatment with the interaction between Agrobacterium sp. I3 with Boehmeria nivea (P0B1T1) and interaction of organic matter (compost) with Boehmeria nivea (P0B2T1) obtained Cr 1.37 ppm metal content with a decrease of 42.01%. The resulting policy solution is the Environment Health Agriculture System (EHAS). The conclusion of this study was phytoremediation of chromium metal using Boehmeria nivea combined with the Environment Health Agriculture System can create a healthy environmentally friendly agricultural system.

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Naizi, Al Khun, i Zish Rahmen. "Effectiveness of Sustainable Agriculture and Industrial Agriculture in Africa". Journal Siplieria Sciences 2, nr 1 (11.04.2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.48173/jss.v2i1.80.

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The aim of this analysis is to examine the efficacy of sustainable farming in Africa and industrial farming. Sustainable agriculture as an approach to food production that combines agriculture's economic, social and environmental dimensions. The agricultural societies in Asia and Africa have effectively followed these values. The growing evidence and accessible scientific review of the creation of programs suggests that sustainable interventions can be highly successful to enhance productivity, promote protection of soil and water incomes and to ensure food safety; improve agricultural, wildlife and plant health; increase natural disasters and climate change resistance, minimize greenhouse gas emissions and promote societies. This demonstrates that the efficiency of organic farming has a positive influence in different countries on the future of agriculture.

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Medeiros, Thayná Kelly Formiga de, Eliane Alves Lustosa, José Lucas dos Santos Oliveira, Elzenir Pereira Oliveira de Almeida i Edevaldo da Silva. "Uses and Implications of Pesticides for Environmental Health and Family Farmers in the Hinterland of Paraíba". Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde 26, nr 3 (11.11.2022): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2022v26n3p245-250.

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Os agrotóxicos têm causado incontáveis impactos ao meio ambiente, a produção de alimentos e a saúde humana. Este estudo objetivou conhecer a percepção ambiental de agricultores do sertão da Paraíba, sobre os usos e impactos da utilização de agrotóxicos na agricultura familiar da região. Para a coleta de dados, foram aplicados questionários a agricultores familiares com 11 questões/afirmativas, distribuídas em discursivas (7) e objetivas na escala de Likert (4). Foram entrevistados 148 participantes, distribuídos nos municípios de Santa Luzia (62), São José do Sabugi (27), Várzea (22), Mãe D'Água (20), e Imaculada (17). Grande parte dos agricultores (87,2%, n = 129) já utilizou os agroquímicos na agricultura para prevenir pragas, insetos e bactérias. Os agricultores familiares identificaram 12 tipos de agrotóxicos usados no sertão paraibano, na qual se percebe que os trabalhadores se expuseram às substâncias que podem provocar sérios prejuízos ao meio ambiente e à sua saúde humana. Os agricultores afirmaram que obtiveram informação do uso e aplicação de agrotóxicos por meio de vizinhos (37,8%, n = 56), familiares (33,8%, n = 50) e meios de comunicação (28,4%, n = 42). 33,1% dos agricultores afirmou descartar no lixo as embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos. É necessário despertar uma relação sistêmica entre o homem e meio ambiente, capaz de promover a sensibilização dos moradores rurais para uso de práticas agroecológicas, em busca de uma agricultura sustentável. Palavras-chave: Saúde Humana. Meio Ambiente. Práticas agroecológicas. Agricultura Sustentável. Abstract Pesticides have caused countless impacts on the environment, the food production, and human health. This study aims to understand the environmental perception of farmers in the hinterland of Paraíba, Brazil, about the uses and impacts of pesticides in regional family farming. For data collection, questionnaires were applied to family farmers containing 11 questions/statements distributed in discursive questions (seven) and questions in the Likert scale (four). The sample comprised 148 participants distributed in the municipalities of Santa Luzia (62), São José do Sabugi (27), Várzea (22), Mãe D'Água (20), and Imaculada (17). Among them, 87.2% (n = 129) said they had already used agrochemicals in agriculture to prevent pests, insects, and bacteria. Family farmers reported using 12 types of pesticides. Some of them were of toxicological classifications III and IV; exposure to pesticides may cause serious damage to the environment and to health. Participants obtained information on the use and application of these pesticides through neighbors (37.8%, n = 56), family members (33.8%, n = 50), and the media (28.4%, n = 42), and 33.1% of farmers said they discarded empty pesticide containers in the trash. The farmers evaluated the need for guidance and/or technical training for their protection and better choice and handling of these agrochemicals, or other ways to conduct a more sustainable and healthy management. It is necessary to awaken a systemic relationship between man and the environment capable of promoting awareness of rural residents about the use of agroecological practices seeking sustainable agriculture. Keywords: Human Health. Environment. Agroecological Practices. Sustainable Agriculture.

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Maltseva, I. S. "SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT". Scientific Review Theory and Practice 11, nr 7 (2021): 2050–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/2226-0226-2021-11-7-2050-2069.

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Modern agricultural production is associated with various problems, such as: depletion of non-renewable natural resources; soil damage; adverse effects of agricultural chemicals on human health and the environment; lower quality of food. Sustainable agriculture, combining environmental, economic and social challenges, can make a significant contribution to poverty reduction and food security. Given climate change and environmental pressures, broader approaches to sustainable agriculture are needed, but the key question is whether cur- rent farming practices can provide products to a growing population in a fair, healthy and sustainable manner. Traditional agriculture faces serious resource and environmental challenges. Agricultural resources include: land and soil resources (including soil types, minerals, soil microorganisms and soil pollution), plant diversity, weed potentials, food resources and animal resources. At the same time, land resources form the basis of natural resources used in agricultural production. The article examines the concept of sustainable agriculture, shows the principles and factors affecting sustainability. The relationship between sustainable agriculture and sustainable resource management is considered. An assessment of the sustainability of agricultural production and land use in the northern region was carried out on the materials of the Komi Republic. The possibilities of transition to sustainable development of agriculture and sustainable resource management are considered.

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Fuhrimann, Samuel, Chenjie Wan, Elodie Blouzard, Adriana Veludo, Zelda Holtman, Shala Chetty-Mhlanga, Mohamed Aqiel Dalvie i in. "Pesticide Research on Environmental and Human Exposure and Risks in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Literature Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, nr 1 (27.12.2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010259.

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On the African continent, ongoing agriculture intensification is accompanied by the increasing use of pesticides, associated with environmental and public health concerns. Using a systematic literature review, we aimed to map current geographical research hotspots and gaps around environmental and public health risks research of agriculture pesticides in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Studies were included that collected primary data on past and current-used agricultural pesticides and assessed their environmental occurrence, related knowledge, attitude and practice, human exposure, and environmental or public health risks between 2006 and 2021. We identified 391 articles covering 469 study sites in 37 countries in SSA. Five geographical research hotspots were identified: two in South Africa, two in East Africa, and one in West Africa. Despite its ban for agricultural use, organochlorine was the most studied pesticide group (60%; 86% of studies included DDT). Current-used pesticides in agriculture were studied in 54% of the study sites (including insecticides (92%), herbicides (44%), and fungicides (35%)). Environmental samples were collected in 67% of the studies (e.g., water, aquatic species, sediment, agricultural produce, and air). In 38% of the studies, human subjects were investigated. Only few studies had a longitudinal design or assessed pesticide’s environmental risks; human biomarkers; dose-response in human subjects, including children and women; and interventions to reduce pesticide exposure. We established a research database that can help stakeholders to address research gaps, foster research collaboration between environmental and health dimensions, and work towards sustainable and safe agriculture systems in SSA.

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Chaudhary, Khalid Mehmood, Saleem Ashraf, Ijaz Ashraf, Muhammad Iftikhar, Ghazanfar Ali Khan i Aqeela Sagheer. "EMERGING HUMAN HEALTH RISKS PERTINENT TO MODERN AGRICULTURE;". Professional Medical Journal 20, nr 06 (15.12.2013): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.06.1833.

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In developing countries week and dispersed link has been shown between agriculture and human diseases. In this regardpresent review was conducted and revealed several examples that there exist strong link between agriculture and diseases. Reviewcategorized the major disease into zoonotic, vector borne and food associated. Zoonotic diseases were found to be transmitted by thelivestock. Some of these diseases are also associates with vectors that were found to be transmitted by the agriculture. Mosquito is themajor vector transferring malaria, cholera and skin diseases. Agricultural intensification is the major source of their climate changethrough increased emission of green house gases. Agricultural intensification, ecological disturbance and inadequate agriculturalmanagements are the dominant reason revealed. Rate of future agricultural diseases such as zoonotic diseases emergence orreemergence will be closely linked to the evolution of the agriculture–environment nexus. Meanwhile, the available research is not enoughto address these issues. Agriculture sector is for peace and sustainability and to strengthen this sustainability there is dire need ofConvergence is needed between integrated pest management strategies and integrated vector management strategies to help farmersimprove their agricultural practices while minimizing environmental risks to health. In addition, further research by the medical scientistsand agricultural scientists is needed to explore the epidemiology of various diseases caused by the agricultural activities throughpromotion of vector.

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M. Tahat, Monther, Kholoud M. Alananbeh, Yahia A. Othman i Daniel I. Leskovar. "Soil Health and Sustainable Agriculture". Sustainability 12, nr 12 (15.06.2020): 4859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124859.

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A healthy soil acts as a dynamic living system that delivers multiple ecosystem services, such as sustaining water quality and plant productivity, controlling soil nutrient recycling decomposition, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Soil health is closely associated with sustainable agriculture, because soil microorganism diversity and activity are the main components of soil health. Agricultural sustainability is defined as the ability of a crop production system to continuously produce food without environmental degradation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), cyanobacteria, and beneficial nematodes enhance water use efficiency and nutrient availability to plants, phytohormones production, soil nutrient cycling, and plant resistance to environmental stresses. Farming practices have shown that organic farming and tillage improve soil health by increasing the abundance, diversity, and activity of microorganisms. Conservation tillage can potentially increase grower’s profitability by reducing inputs and labor costs as compared to conventional tillage while organic farming might add extra management costs due to high labor demands for weeding and pest control, and for fertilizer inputs (particularly N-based), which typically have less consistent uniformity and stability than synthetic fertilizers. This review will discuss the external factors controlling the abundance of rhizosphere microbiota and the impact of crop management practices on soil health and their role in sustainable crop production.

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Waage, Jeff. "Understanding the relationship between environment, agriculture and health: An interdisciplinary challenge". Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies 3, nr 1 (30.04.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast.v3i1.5075.

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In an editorial last year, Prof. Kathryn Monk explained the importance to environmental research of an interdisciplinary approach. She has asked me to share with readers some further, personal thoughts on this topic. I am an ecologist by training, but I spent much of my career managing agricultural research programmes in tropical regions. For the last ten years, I have held a position in a school of public health. This varied disciplinary experience has given me the opportunity to explore and understand interactions between environment, agriculture and human health. It is helpful to think of environment, agriculture, and health as points in a triangle, each having specific interactions with an adjacent sector, but also being influenced by more complex, three-way interactions. For environmental scientists, the interactions with agriculture are probably the most familiar. Extensive planting of crops like rice and oil palm has dramatic effects on biological diversity, water systems and their function, and soils. The importance of healthy environments to agriculture is repeatedly demonstrated. Thirty years ago, I had the opportunity to review the Indonesian national programme on integrated pest management in rice. Use of pesticides on rice was, paradoxically, causing severe outbreaks of pests like brown planthopper. The environmental processes behind this were actually quite complex. Soon after flooding, aquatic arthropods colonizing rice paddies provided a food source for generalist predators that moved in and built levels capable of suppressing subsequent pest invasion. Pesticides killed off this general predator community, while the pests, which lay their eggs inside plants, were less affected and their populations exploded in this predator-free environment (Settle et al. 1996). Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on rice, pioneered in countries like Indonesia, was for many years a leading example of the value of integrating environmental and agricultural research.Environmental scientists will be less familiar, perhaps, with the interactions between agriculture and health, so here is a short introduction. Agricultural systems have two impacts on health, which for historical reasons have been treated as separate disciplines in the health sector. They produce food that contributes to nutrition, which is usually, but not always, a health benefit, and they produce distinct health risks, including diseases associated with food and food production, and toxins associated with agriculture, such as the pesticide just mentioned.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Gonzalez, Yolanda. "Advancing public health through Gardens for Healthy Communities (GHC) in New York City| The role of anti-obesity objectives in urban agriculture policy". Thesis, State University of New York Col. of Environmental Science & Forestry, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1602723.

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This research study explores the effectiveness of the urban gardening program Gardens for Healthy Communities (GHC) as a public health strategy intended to reverse obesity trends in New York City. The GHC program originated from the Obesity Task Force, a multi-agency work group commissioned by Mayor Bloomberg in 2013 charged identifying innovative policies to prevent as well as reduce obesity. 18 in-depth interviews with garden advocates and GHC garden members reveal that the driving motivation for participating in the selected GHC gardens was less about obesity, specifically, and more about the public health and community development benefits including: a meeting place for civic engagement and environmental awareness, a space for community and health-oriented partnership, and a social bridge to build community cohesion. Through the community right to public space and gardens, the GHC gardens reveal the power of engaging anti-obesity objectives in driving community development and urban agriculture forward.

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Mazumdar, Sohinee. "Geographic information systems in the application of precision agriculture for sustainable sugarcane production in the Republic of Panama". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18772.

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have revolutionized the development of the sophisticated resource management method known as Precision Agriculture (PA). PA involves the wise management of agricultural inputs based on knowledge of soil and plant health heterogeneity over a field, in order to minimize environmental impact and increase economic efficiency. A GIS platform was created as the basis of PA implementation at Azucarera Nacional sugarcane plantation in Panama. Field data collection took place over two years, from 2005 to 2006. A digital map of Mangote plantation was created and linked to production records. Detailed field sampling was also conducted on seven parcels of Mangote plantation, including soil conductivity monitoring and plant chlorophyll monitoring. Data was spatially interpolated to create raster coverages. Soil salinity variation within some parcels studied justifies the creation of soil salinity management zones. Salinity zones were found to be relatively stable over the study period and in general conductivity at a depth was higher than at the surface. The root mean square errors obtained using Inverse Distance Weighting as opposed to Ordinary Kriging did not vary greatly, and hence it is recommended to use the simpler method (IDW) at the study site. Plant chlorophyll profiles revealed nitrogen deficiencies in some study parcels. Plant chlorophyll also showed within parcel variability as well as variability over the study period. No direct spatial correlation was found between conductivity readings and plant chlorophyll readings, although parcels with extreme salinity showed depressed chlorophyll values. The ground-based chlorophyll sampling showed no correlation with NDVI, however the NDVI coverages were deemed useful for the visual identification of plant stress. In general, GIS based management shows promise in improving Azucarera Nacional's agricultural efficiency.
Les systèmes d'information géographiques (SIG) a révolutionné l'élaboration de la méthode sophistiquée de gestion connue sous le nom d'agriculture de précision (AP). L'AP implique la gestion sage des entrées agricoles basées sur la connaissance de l'hétérogénéité de santé de sol et des récoltes dans un champ, afin de réduire au minimum les impactes sur l'environnement et augmenter l'efficacité économique. Une plateforme de SIG a été créée comme base d'exécution de AP à la plantation de canne à sucre d'Azucarera Nacional au Panama. La collection de données a eu lieu sur deux ans, de 2005 à 2006. Une carte digitale de la plantation Mangote a été créée et liée aux dossiers de production. Le prélèvement de données dans le champ a été conduit sur sept champs particuliers de la plantation Mangote, quel incluse une enquête de conductivité de sol et des mesures de chlorophylle. Des données ont été interpolées pour créer des surfaces continues. La variation considérable de salinité de sol dans quelques champs étudiés justifie la création des zones de gestion de salinité de sol. Des zones de gestion de salinité sont relativement stables au cours de la période d'étude et en général la conductivité à une profondeur est plus haute que sur la surface. Les erreurs quadratiques moyenne obtenues en utilisant IDW, en comparaison avec OK, n'ont pas changé considérablement et par conséquent on lui recommande l'IDW comme l'option le plus simple. Les profils de chlorophylle ont indiquées insuffisances d'azote pour quelques champs. Les profiles de chlorophylle ont également montrée la variabilité dedans les champs, aussi bien que la variabilité au cours de la période d'étude. Aucune corrélation directe n'a été trouvé entre les lectures de conductivité et les lectures de chlorophylle bien qu'en général les champs avec la salinité extrême aient montré des valeurs diminuées de chlorophylle. Le système de pr

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MacDonald, Graham. "Phosphorus budgets for the Saint Lawrence river sub-basin: a century of change in agriculture and water quality". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22042.

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Agricultural land use is a key driver of water quality through its impact on nutrient flows across landscapes. Phosphorus (P) is commonly applied to croplands in fertilizers and manure to improve soil fertility, but excess P can accumulate in soils and may accelerate eutrophication of waterbodies. Balancing agricultural P inputs with crop requirements is therefore crucial for water quality. A historical study of agricultural land use and water quality in the Saint Lawrence River sub-basin (574,000 km2) is presented here, focusing on agricultural P budgets. These budgets, calculated each decade from 1901 to 2001 for the sub-basin and its tributary watersheds, reveal that while P management has improved in recent decades, large cumulative P surpluses have accumulated in many watersheds. These long-term P surpluses are good predictors of average soil P content across the sub-basin watersheds (R-square = 0.725; p<0.01), supporting the view that historical land management can have important ecological legacies.
La façon dont on utilise les terres agricoles est un facteur principal de la qualité de l'eau à cause de son impact sur les écoulements de nutriments sur les paysages. Le phosphore (P) est généralement appliqué aux terres agricoles par moyen d'engrais et de fumiers pour améliorer la fertilité du sol, mais des excès de P peuvent s'accumuler dans les sols et peuvent ainsi accélérer l'eutrophisation. Assurer un équilibre entre le P utilisé en agriculture pour les conditions nécessaires aux récoltes est donc crucial pour maintenir la qualité de l'eau. Une étude historique d'utilisation des terres agricoles et de la qualité d'eau dans le sous-bassin du fleuve Saint Laurent (574 000 km2) est présentée ici et se concentre sur les budgets agricoles de P. Ces budgets, calculés chaque décennie entre 1901 et 2001 pour le sous-bassin et ses bassins-versants tributaires, indiquent que tandis que la gestion de P s'est améliorée dans des décennies récentes, les grands excédents cumulatifs de P se sont accumulés dans beaucoup de bassins-versants. Ces excédents à long terme de P sont de bons facteurs prédictifs de concentrations moyennes du P du sol à travers les de bassins-versants de la sous-bassin (R-square = 0.725; p<0.01), soutenant le point de vue qui suggère que la gestion historique de terre peut engendrer des héritages écologiques importants.

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Kengni, Bernard. "Trade and environment: the environmental impacts of the agricultural sector in South Africa". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1491_1363781507.

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McNamara, Kevin. "Subsidies, Agriculture, & Climate Change". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1223.

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This paper looks at the impact of agricultural subsidies on beef production in the fifty states of America, due to the adverse effects that large-scale agriculture production has on the Earth's climate. I examine production, sales, and employment data from the 2012 and 2007 USDA Agriculture Census to examine if there is or isn't a link between these factors and the level of beef subsidies received by each state.

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Feltner, Penny. "Local food culture and its effects on agroecosystem health: a case study". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1400852016.

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Sutton, Robert. "Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands for the Waste Management of a Large Scale Swine Production Unit". TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/822.

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The effectiveness of using constructed wetlands to remove unwanted nutrients, increase dissolved oxygen while at the same time decreasing the biological oxygen demand, and to reduce the levels of the Fecal Coliform Bacteria from a swine operation was evaluated. The indicator of proper waste purification will be the result of testing for the following: ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and Fecal Coliform Bacteria. The wetland was divided into nine connected cells that covered approximately 3.8 hectares. Material was loaded from an anaerobic holding lagoon on four separate occasions during the testing period. As the material passed through the wetland, the vegetation, water column, substrate, and microbial populations functioned as the purification factors in the wetlands. During the sampling period, water was collected from each cell and analyzed for results. The data indicated that the constructed wetlands were effective in the waste management at a large swine production unit. Ammonia nitrogen showed an acceptable decrease, allowing nitrogen to be freed or converted into nitrate nitrogen. Total phosphorus and dissolved solids showed an expected decrease. Total suspended solids showed an overall decrease from the upper cells to the lower cells; however, results fluctuated during the testing period. Dissolved oxygen and biological oxygen demand showed an almost perfect inverse relationship with dissolved oxygen increasing as biological oxygen demand decreased. The removal of Fecal Coliform Bacteria was the most impressive, with the majority of bacteria being removed in the upper cells.

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Leibler, Jessica H. "Characterizing the contribution of industrial food animal production to the transmission and emergence of influenza A viruses". Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3579515.

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The goal of my dissertation is to characterize the contribution of industrial food animal production to between-farm transmission of zoonotic influenza A viruses and transmission of these viruses from industrial food animals to humans. The intention of this research is to improve the capacity of public health policies in the United States to prevent the emergence of pandemic influenza viruses.

Preventing and controlling outbreaks within animal populations and avoiding human infection with zoonotic influenza A viruses can reduce the risk of emergence of pandemic influenza viruses in human populations. Industrial food animal production, which dominates the market in the United States and much of the developed world – and increasingly, the developing world as well – has long been considered biosecure. However, emerging research indicates that these industrial systems are vulnerable to disease incursions and suggests that they may play a central role in driving the emergence of zoonotic diseases. The implications of these industrial systems for human influenza risk, particularly the emergence of novel zoonotic influenza A viruses, remains largely unaddressed in the current literature and in health policy strategies in the United States.

Chapter 1 of this dissertation outlines my research goals and provides background on my central research themes and topics. Chapter 2 documents the limits of biosecurity within industrial systems, highlighting risks to food animal workers. Chapter 3 details a cross-sectional serology study of a cohort of industrial poultry workers and community members (n=99) in the Delmarva Peninsula, a tri-state area of intense poultry production in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. No evidence of infection with avian influenza viruses is observed in this population.

Chapter 4 contains a quantitative modeling study to estimates risk of between-farm transmission of avian influenza viruses among industrial poultry farms. This study concluded that company affiliation was a significant source of exposure risk from vehicular transmission. Chapter 5 is a policy analysis of the limitations of current pandemic preparedness policy in the United States to adequately incorporate primary prevention. The central results of this dissertation, their significance to public health and opportunities for further research are highlighted in Chapter 6.

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Mossa, Abdul Wahab. "The impact of long term biosolid application on soil health". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46255/.

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The disposal of biosolids poses a major environmental and economic problem. Agricultural use is generally regarded as the best means of disposal. Although the impact on soil ecosystems remains uncertain. Biosolids can improve soil properties by supplying nutrients and increasing organic matter content but there is also a potentially negative impact arising from the introduction of heavy metal contaminants into soils. It is widely acknowledged that the bioavailable fraction, rather than total metal content, is indicative of plant metal uptake and toxicity. The bioavailable metal fraction in turn is dependent on soil properties. Therefore, the overall aim of this work was to determine the bio-geochemical factors that control the dynamics of trace element bioavailability in soils that have been subject to the disposal of sewage sludge for over 100 years. Three main investigations were undertaken. In order to determine the current metal composition of the site and identifying the geochemical factors that control the dynamics of metals bioavailability, thirty -eight fields, from a dedicated sewage sludge disposal site for over 100 years, were sampled for both soil (bulk and rhizosphere) and plant. Special attention was devoted to determining soil properties that govern metal partitioning between different metal pools (i.e. total, isotopically exchangeable, Ca(NO3)2-extractable and free ion activity). In order to identify the best estimate of plant uptake and toxic response, a pot experiment was carried out to compare the effects of Zn on plant growth in soils recently spiked with Zn and soils historically amended with biosolids to identify soil properties that best predict metal uptake and subsequent phytotoxicity. The effect of biosolids on soil microorganisms was assessed. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, a fingerprint molecular technique, in combination with multivariate data analysis were used to relate soil microbial diversity and community structure to metal accumulation and bioavailability. High levels of contamination, exceeding the current limits for the use of biosolids in agriculture, were observed in the studied soils reflecting extensive long-term biosolid application. Enrichment factors in relation to background levels in the area were greater than 5 and followed the trend Cd>Cu>Zn>Pb>Ni. Copper and Cd exhibited extremely high enrichment levels, up to 106 and 151 respectively. Except for Pb, the isotopically exchangeable pool of the studied metals (E-value) was mainly controlled by the total metal content in soil, accounting for more than 90% of the variation in E-values. Lead lability was primarily controlled by the total P, LOI and Fe oxides. Metal labilities expressed as % of total metal content were < 40% for the five studied elements following decreasing order of Cu > Cd > Zn ≈ Ni > Pb. Apart from Pb, all the bioavailability estimates (total, E-values, Ca(NO3)2-extractable and free ion activity) correlated strongly with metal concentration in plant, accounting for more than 70% of the variation in plant concentrations. Ca(NO3)2-extractable provided the best estimate out of the four measures of bioavailability, accounting for 87, 77, 87 and 83% of the variation in plant concentration of Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd respectively. The results of the pot trial showed that 67-90% of the added Zn remained isotopically exchangeable after 3 months of Zn addition, suggesting that rapid adsorption processes take place, followed by a slow aging process that cannot be detected over the period of the experiment (3 months). The speciation of soil solution showed that Zn was present mainly (80% on average) as free ion indicating the low affinity of this metal to complexation by dissolved organic matter. An antagonistic relationship was observed between Zn and Cd suggesting that greater Zn availability suppressed Cd uptake by plant. Although Zn addition increased Cd concentration in the soil solution, Cd transfer factor was simultaneously inversely correlated with Zn concentration in soil solution. The free ion activity model (FIAM), based on the biotic ligand model (BLM), accounted for 94% of the variation Zn concentration in plant. Cadmium appeared to play an important role in competing with Zn for uptake. A simple regression model utilising soil total Zn, soil organic matter and soil pH accounted for 88% of the variation in plant uptake. This indicates the possibility of using soil properties that are measured routinely as input for prediction of plant uptake. The results of the Zn phytotoxicity test indicated that the intensity of the exposure (i.e. free ion activity) was the key quantity in the context of predicting plant toxic response, describing 80% of the variation in the response of barley growth to Zn toxicity. Only labile Zn from the quantity based extraction was able to describe the toxic response explaining only 46% of the variation. The study of the effect of biosolids on soil microorganisms showed that soil total Zn concentration could be adopted as a good indicator of the overall (historical) biosolids loading. A biosolids loading, equivalent to 700 – 1000 mg kg-1 Zn appeared to be optimal for maximum bacterial and fungal diversity. This markedly exceeds the maximum soil Zn concentration of 300 mg kg-1permitted under the current UK Sludge (use in agriculture) Regulations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that the soil microbial communities had been altered in response to the accumulation of trace metals, especially Zn, Cd, and Cu. Based on the findings of this thesis, it can be concluded that (i) the estimation of metal speciation, both in the solution and solid phase is a key factor in determining the bioavailability and thus, has greater chemical and biological significance than soil total metal content; (ii) the maximum beneficial effect of biosolids on soil microbial diversity occurred at a metal (Zn) concentration well in excess of current regulations governing application of biosolids to agricultural land. This indicates that soil microbial diversity is unlikely to be determining factor for regulatory limits for biosolids disposal to agricultural lands.

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Ramaccia, Julie Brady. "What am I Eating? The Use of Health and Environmental Messages in Predicting a Sustainable Diet". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1304384504.

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Książki na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Singh, Dileep K. TOXICOLOGY: AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT. Sharjah: Bentham Science Publishers, 2012.

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Anders, Thelin, red. Agricultural medicine: Occupational and environmental health for the health professions. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Julian, Morris, i Bate Roger, red. Fearing food : risk, health and environment. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 1999.

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Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Research Branch. The health of our air: Towards sustainable agriculture in Canada. Ottawa: Minister of Public works and Government Services, 1998.

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Sandia, Luis A. Agricultura, salud y ambiente. S.l.]: CIDIAT, 2000.

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W, Ruttan Vernon, red. Agriculture, environment, and health: Sustainable development in the 21st century. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994.

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Conway, Gordon. Unwelcome harvest: Agriculture and pollution. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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The farmer and the obstetrician. London: Free Association Books, 2002.

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World Council on Genetics, Nutrition, and Fitness for Health. Conference. Healthy agriculture, healthy nutrition, healthy people. Redaktor Simopoulos Artemis P. 1933-. Basel: Karger, 2011.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, red. Pollinator safety in agriculture. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2014.

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Części książek na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Ali, Sajjad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Asif Sajjad, Qaiser Shakeel i Azhar Hussain. "Environmental and Health Effects of Pesticide Residues". W Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 311–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54719-6_8.

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Tanoi, Keitaro, Naoto Nihei i Martin O’Brien. "Agriculture in Fukushima: Radiocesium Contamination of Agricultural Products". W Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 139–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8327-4_12.

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Archeka, Nidhi Chauhan, Neelam, Kusuml i Vinita Hoodal. "Nanobiosensors for Monitoring Soil and Water Health". W Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Environmental Science, 183–202. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003323945-15.

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Melby, Melissa K., i Megan Mauger. "Effects of Agriculture on Environmental and Human Health". W A Companion to the Anthropology of Environmental Health, 44–67. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118786949.ch2.

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Dimple, Jitendra Rajput, Indu i Manoranjan Kumar. "Human Health Hazards and Risks in the Agriculture Sector". W Earth and Environmental Sciences Library, 229–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76116-5_14.

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Cole, J. "Agriculture: land use, food systems and biodiversity." W Planetary health: human health in an era of global environmental change, 69–80. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241655.0069.

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Biswas, Bhabananda, Ramkrishna Nirola, Jayanta Kumar Biswas, Lily Pereg, Ian R. Willett i Ravi Naidu. "Environmental Microbial Health Under Changing Climates: State, Implication and Initiatives for High-Performance Soils". W Sustainable Agriculture Reviews, 1–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26265-5_1.

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Thakur, Shalini, Khushbu Gulati i Tanu Jindal. "Pesticide Usage and Impact on Health of Women in Agriculture". W New Frontiers in Environmental Toxicology, 125–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72173-2_9.

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Chauhan, Abhishek, Anuj Ranjan i Tanu Jindal. "Biological Control Agents for Sustainable Agriculture, Safe Water and Soil Health". W SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 71–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58415-7_6.

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Mishra, Jitendra, Rachna Singh i Naveen Kumar Arora. "Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes: Diverse Roles in Agriculture and Environmental Sustainability". W Probiotics and Plant Health, 71–111. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3473-2_4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Hu, Xibang, Zhencheng Xu, Junneng Wang, Dong Zeng i Qiuping Han. "Assessment of environmental health risk for drinking water sources". W Third International Conference on Photonics and Image in Agriculture Engineering (PIAGENG 2013), redaktor Honghua Tan. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2019677.

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Sutrisno, Endang, Teddy Asmara i Junior Perdana Soetopo. "The Criminal Law Enforcement Toward Violation of Environmental Permit". W International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.021.

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TOADER, Elena Violeta, George TOADER, Daniela TRIFAN, Emanuela LUNGU i Alin-Ionel GHIORGHE. "INNOVATIVE ECOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL RESTORATION: BACTERIAL BIOPREPARATIONS". W Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2021/10/09.

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The use of fertilizer products in agricultural crops is a beneficial source of supplementing the nutrients needed for the growth and development of both plants and an increase in agricultural production. However, often the fertilizer doses applied per hectare to agricultural crops are not respected. Failure to comply with the applied fertilizer doses will lead to the occurrence of negative phenomena for soil, environment and agricultural crops, implicitly for human and animal health. Increasing the fertilizer doses per hectare and not respecting them will lead to the occurrence of soil acidification. The decrease of the bacterial colonies in the soil will bring with it a decrease of the humification processes, of the decomposition and solubilization processes of the complex compounds in the soil as well as favoring the leaching and appearance of the complex compounds in the soil (in large quantities). The increase of complex compounds in the soil will lead to a decrease in pH (below pH 7), which will lead to an increase in soil acidity. On acidic soil, crops will not reach their maximum potential in productivity. The use of bacterial biopreparation technologies in agricultural crops plays an important role in plant protection. Some bacterial cultures give plants a protection against pedo-climatic stress, a resistance to the attack of diseases and pests as well as conferring a protection on environmental factors (drought, heavy rainfall, cold, etc.). The use of these bacterial products as fertilizers as well as plant protection products has been shown to have great potential in growing, developing, maximizing agricultural production, in restoring and greening the soil and its beneficial flora, the role of these biological fertilizers being to address a green, sustainable, sustainable agriculture and achieving high, healthy, nutrient-rich productivity, beneficial to human and animal health.

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Wells, Betty L. "Enriching Rationality: Rehabilitating Practical Reason in Service to Sustainable Agriculture". W 2016: Confronting the challenges of public participation in environmental, planning and health decision-making. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/sciencecommunication-180809-52.

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NIKOLAIDIS, CHRISTOS, EKATERINI CHATZAKI, EVANGELIA NENA, MAKRINA KARAGLANI, MARIA CHATZAKI, MARIA PANAGOPOULOU i THEODOROS C. "A hazard ranking system for pesticides used in Greek agriculture based on their adverse health effects". W Fourth International Conference On Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Technology- ASET 2016. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-097-2-20.

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Edwards Murphy, Fiona, Michele Magno, Padraig Whelan i Emanuel Popo Vici. "b+WSN: Smart beehive for agriculture, environmental, and honey bee health monitoring — Preliminary results and analysis". W 2015 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sas.2015.7133587.

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Octavia, Nourma, Riselligia Caninsti i Fitri Arlinkasari. "The Role of Willingness to Sacrifice towards Pro-environmental Behavior in Jakarta Citizens". W 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010041902880293.

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Ton, Yabes. "Analysis of Effect of Religiusity on Change Social Community in the Environmental Security". W 3rd International Conference of Computer, Environment, Agriculture, Social Science, Health Science, Engineering and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010045304870492.

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"HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISKS FROM ANTIMICROBIALLY RESISTANT BACTERIA IN FOOD ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS". W Animal Agriculture and the Environment, National Center for Manure & Animal Waste Management White Papers . St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20269.

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Gutknecht, Jessica. "Environmental quality benefits of winter hardy oilseeds". W 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vpcz3526.

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FGI is measuring carbon storage, soil health, and climate change mitigation of FGI crops in several ways, from direct soil measurements of carbon and soil health analysis to field scale budgeting of energy, water, and greenhouse gas fluxes. However, key gaps remain in understanding the magnitude of benefits from FGI crops, as well as the most reliable and scalable methods for assessing key climate responses in agriculture. One key project aims to quantify the carbon balance and field-scale soil health impacts of winter camelina in a corn- soybean rotation (annual grain and oilseed relay or double-crop system), and a KernzaÂ® intermediate wheatgrass - alfalfa rotation (perennial forage and grain system).

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Agriculture environmental health"

Hassell, James M., Salome A. Bukachi, Dishon M. Muloi, Emi Takahashi i Lydia Franklinos. The Natural Environment and Health in Africa. World Wildlife Fund and the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/10088/111281.

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Much of recent human development has come at the expense of Nature - undermining ecosystems, fragmenting habitats, reducing biodiversity, and increasing our exposure and vulnerability to emerging diseases. For example, as we push deeper into tropical forests, and convert more land to agriculture and human settlements, the rate at which people encounter new pathogens that may trigger the next public health, social and economic crisis, is likely to increase. Expanding and strengthening our understanding of the links between nature and human health is especially important in Africa, where nature brings economic prosperity and wellbeing to more than a billion people. Pandemics such as COVID are just one of a growing number of health challenges that humanity is facing as a result of our one-sided and frequently destructive relationship with nature. This report aims to inform professionals and decision-makers on how health outcomes emerge from human interactions with the natural world and identify how efforts to preserve the natural environment and sustainably manage natural resources could have an impact on human and animal health. While the report focuses on the African continent, it will also be of relevance to other areas of the world facing similar environmental pressures.

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Donati, Kelly, i Nick Rose. Growing Edible Cities and Towns: A Survey of the Victorian Urban Agriculture Sector. Sustain: The Australian Food Network, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57128/miud6079.

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This report presents findings from a survey of urban agriculture practitioners in greater Melbourne (including green wedge areas), Bendigo, Ballarat and Geelong. The findings provide baseline data regarding the composition, activities, market channels, challenges, needs and aspirations of the urban agriculture sector, as well as opportunities for its support and growth. The report also proposes a roadmap for addressing critical challenges that face the sector and for building on the strength of its social and environmental commitments, informed by the survey findings and relevant academic literature on urban agriculture. This report’s findings and recommendations are of relevance to policymakers at all levels of government, especially as food security, climate change, human and ecological health and urban sustainability emerge as key interconnected priorities in this challenging decade.

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Sparrow, Kent, i Sandra LeGrand. Establishing a series of dust event case studies for North Africa. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), luty 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46445.

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Dust aerosols often create hazardous air quality conditions that affect human health, visibility, agriculture, and communication in various parts of the world. While substantial progress has been made in dust-event simulation and hazard mitigation over the last several decades, accurately forecasting the spatial and temporal variability of dust emissions continues to be a challenge. This report documents an analysis of atmospheric conditions for a series of dust events in North Africa. The researchers highlight four analyzed events that occurred between January 2016 to present in the following locations: (1) the western Sahara Desert; (2) East Algeria and the Iberian Peninsula; (3) Chad-Bodélé Depression; (4) Algeria and Morocco. For each event, the researchers developed an overview of the general synoptic, mesoscale, and local environmental forcing conditions that controlled the event evolution and used a combination of available lidar data, surface weather observations, upper-air soundings, aerosol optical depth, and satellite imagery to characterize the dust conditions. These assessments will support downstream forecast model evaluation and sensitivity testing; however, the researchers also encourage broader use of these assessments as reference case studies for dust transport, air quality modeling, remote sensing, soil erosion, and land management research applications.

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Chefetz, Benny, Baoshan Xing i Yona Chen. Interactions of engineered nanoparticles with dissolved organic matter (DOM) and organic contaminants in water. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699863.bard.

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Background: Engineered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to be increasingly released into the environment with the rapid increase in their production and use. The discharged CNTs may interact with coexisting contaminants and subsequently change environmental behaviors and ecological effects of both the CNTs themselves and the contaminants. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in the transport of CNTs in the aquatic environment, affecting both CNT's surface properties through adsorption, and its colloidal stability in solution. Therefore, CNT-bound DOM complexes may interact with coexisting contaminants, thus affecting their environmental fate. With increasing production and use of CNTs, there is an increasing risk that humans could be exposed to CNTs mainly through ingestion and inhalation. Since CNTs can be carriers of contaminants due to their high adsorption affinity and capacity, the distribution of these nanoparticles in the environment holds a potential environmental and health risk. Project objectives: The overall goal of this project was to gain a better understanding of the environmental behavior of engineered nanoparticles with DOM and organic pollutant in aqueous systems. The scope of this study includes: characterizing various types of engineered nanoparticles and their interaction with DOM; binding studies of organic contaminants by nanoparticles and DOM-nanoparticle complexes; and examining interactions in DOM-nanoparticles-contaminant systems. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: DOM has a pronounced effect on colloidal stability of CNTs in solution and on their surface chemistry and reactivity toward associated contaminants. The structure and chemical makeup of both CNTs and DOM determine their interactions and nature of formed complexes. CNTs, contaminants and DOM can co-occur in the aquatic environment. The occurrence of co-contaminants, as well as of co-introduction of DOM, was found to suppress the adsorption of organic contaminants to CNTs through both competition over adsorption sites and direct interactions in solution. Furthermore, the release of residual contaminants from CNTs could be enhanced by biomolecules found in the digestive as well as the respiratory tracts, thus increasing the bioaccessibility of adsorbed contaminants and possibly the overall toxicity of contaminant-associated CNTs. Contaminant desorption could be promoted by both solubilization and sorptive competition by biological surfactants. Scientific and agricultural implications: The information gained in the current project may assist in predicting the transport and fate of both CNTs and associated contaminants in the natural environment. Furthermore, the results imply a serious health risk from contaminant-associated CNTs.

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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra i Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.

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Oron, Gideon, Raphi Mandelbaum, Carlos E. Enriquez, Robert Armon, Yoseph Manor, L. Gillerman, A. Alum i Charles P. Gerba. Optimization of Secondary Wastewater Reuse to Minimize Environmental Risks. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573077.bard.

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The main purpose of the research was to examine approaches and to evaluate methods for minimizing the risks during applying treated domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation. This general purpose consisted of examining under field conditions the possibilities when implementing different application technologies for minimizing health and environmental risks. It was assumed that Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) will provide adequate conditions for safe effluent reuse. Controlled field experiments where conducted in commercial fields to evaluate the alternatives. Main efforts where conducted in Israel in the grape vineyard in Arad heights, in the field crops in Kibbutz Chafets Chaim and in Arizona in fields adjacent to the University campus. The complementary part was to examine the behavior of the various pathogens in the effluent-soil-plant system. The analysis is based on controlled experiments, primarily in greenhouse along with field experiments. Molecular biology methods were used to identify the behavior of the pathogens in the components of the system. The project included as well examining the effluent quality in various sites, primarily those in which treated wastewater is reused for agricultural irrigation. The monitoring included conventional parameters however, also parasites such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium. The results obtained indicate the prominent advantages of using Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) method for minimizing health and environmental risks during application of secondary effluent. A theoretical model for assessing the risks while applying treated wastewater was completed as well. The management model shows the risks during various scenarios of wastewater quality, application technology and related human exposure.

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Warner, Benjamin, i Rachel Schattman. Farming the floodplain: overcoming tradeoffs to achieve good river governance in New England. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, maj 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6949553.ch.

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The goal of this case is for students to learn through the development of a sustainable river governance plan for Massachusetts focused on balancing needs and perspectives on local agriculture, flood resilience, and healthy ecosystems in the context of climate change. This will be challenging. Ideally, a river governance plan developed by the students would support local agriculture, increase flood resilience, and promote environmental stewardship. A role-playing exercise is included in this case that involves representatives of several stakeholders groups (personas assumed by a subset of students); these include a farmer, a fisher/recreationalist, a state river manager, an environmentalist, and a resident. The students will learn about the goals of a stakeholder to discuss with the others, negotiate with them, find ways to resolve conflicts and finally to create a governance plan.

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James, Christian, Ronald Dixon, Luke Talbot, Stephen James, Nicola Williams i Bukola Onarinde. Assessing the impact of heat treatment on antimicrobial resistant (AMR) genes and their potential uptake by other ‘live’ bacteria. Food Standards Agency, sierpień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.oxk434.

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Addressing the public health threat posed by AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK, which has led to both a 20-year vision of AMR and a 5-year (2019 to 2024) AMR National Action Plan (NAP). The latter sets out actions to slow the development and spread of AMR with a focus on antimicrobials. The NAP used an integrated ‘One-Health’ approach which spanned people, animals, agriculture and the environment, and calls for activities to “identify and assess the sources, pathways, and exposure risks” of AMR. The FSA continues to contribute to delivery of the NAP in a number of ways, including through furthering our understanding of the role of the food chain and AMR.Thorough cooking of food kills vegetative bacterial cells including pathogens and is therefore a crucial step in reducing the risk of most forms of food poisoning. Currently, there is uncertainty around whether cooking food is sufficient to denature AMR genes and mobile genetic elements from these ‘dead’ bacteria to prevent uptake by ‘live’ bacteria in the human gut and other food environments - therefore potentially contributing to the overall transmission of AMR to humans. This work was carried out to assess these evidence gaps.

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Bloch, Guy, Gene E. Robinson i Mark Band. Functional genomics of reproduction and division of labor in a key non-Apis pollinator. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699867.bard.

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i. List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project. Our objectives were: 1) develop state-of-the-art functional genomics tools for B. terrestris. These resources will be then used to: 2) characterize genes and molecular pathways that are associated with reproduction, 3) characterize genes and molecular pathways associated with specialization in foraging or nursing activities, and 4) determine the extent to which juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in the regulation of reproduction and division of labor. 5) Use RNA interference to down regulate genes associated with reproductive physiology, division of labor, or both. A decrease in the cost of RNA sequencing enabled us to further use the BARD support to extend our research to three additional related projects: A) The regulation of body size which is crucial for understanding both reproduction (castedetermination) and (size based) division of labor in bumblebees. B) Analyze RNA editing in our RNA sequencing data which improves the molecular understanding of the systems we study. C) The influence of JH on the fat body in addition to the brain on which we focused in our proposal. The fat body is a key tissue regulating insect reproduction and health. ii. Background to the topic. Bees are by far the most important pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The recent collapse of honey bee populations, together with declines in wild bee (including bumble bee) populations, puts their vital pollination services under severe threat. A promising strategy for circumventing this risk is the domestication and mass-rearing of non-Apis bees. This approach has been successfully implemented for several bumble bees including Bombusterrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the US, which are mass-reared in captivity. In spite of their critical economic and environmental value, little is known about the physiology and molecular biology of bumble bees. In this collaborative project we developed functional genomics tools for the bumble bee B. terrestris and use these tools for a first thorough study on the physiology and molecular biology of reproduction, dominance, and division of labor in a bumble bee. iii. Major conclusions, solutions. The valuable molecular data of this project together with the functional tools and molecular information generated in this BARD funded project significantly advanced the understanding of bumblebee biology which is essential for maintaining their vital pollination services for US and Israel agriculture.

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Belkin, Shimshon, Sylvia Daunert i Mona Wells. Whole-Cell Biosensor Panel for Agricultural Endocrine Disruptors. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696542.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Background: Chemical agents, such as pesticides applied at inappropriate levels, may compromise water quality or contaminate soils and hence threaten human populations. In recent years, two classes of compounds have been increasingly implicated as emerging risks in agriculturally-related pollution: endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceuticals. The latter group may reach the environment by the use of wastewater effluents, whereas many pesticides have been implicated as EDCs. Both groups pose a threat in proportion to their bioavailability, since that which is biounavailable or can be rendered so is a priori not a threat; bioavailability, in turn, is mediated by complex matrices such as soils. Genetically engineered biosensor bacteria hold great promise for sensing bioavailability because the sensor is a live soil- and water-compatible organism with biological response dynamics, and because its response can be genetically “tailored” to report on general toxicity, on bioavailability, and on the presence of specific classes of toxicants. In the present project we have developed a bacterial-based sensor panel incorporating multiple strains of genetically engineered biosensors for the purpose of detecting different types of biological effects. The overall objective as defined in the approved proposal was the development of a whole-cell sensor panel for the detection of endocrine disruption activities of agriculturally relevant chemicals. To achieve this goal several specific objectives were outlined: (a) The development of new genetically engineered wholecell sensor strains; (b) the combination of multiple strains into a single sensor panel to effect multiple response modes; (c) development of a computerized algorithm to analyze the panel responses; (d) laboratory testing and calibration; (e) field testing. In the course of the project, mostly due to the change in the US partner, three modifications were introduced to the original objectives: (a) the scope of the project was expanded to include pharmaceuticals (with a focus on antibiotics) in addition to endocrine disrupting chemicals, (b) the computerized algorithm was not fully developed and (c) the field test was not carried out. Major achievements: (a) construction of innovative bacterial sensor strains for accurate and sensitive detection of agriculturally-relevant pollutants, with a focus on endocrine disrupting compounds (UK and HUJ) and antibiotics (HUJ); (b) optimization of methods for long-term preservation of the reporter bacteria, either by direct deposition on solid surfaces (HUJ) or by the construction of spore-forming Bacillus-based sensors (UK); (c) partial development of a computerized algorithm for the analysis of sensor panel responses. Implications: The sensor panel developed in the course of the project was shown to be applicable for the detection of a broad range of antibiotics and EDCs. Following a suitable development phase, the panel will be ready for testing in an agricultural environment, as an innovative tool for assessing the environmental impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, while the current study relates directly to issues of water quality and soil health, its implications are much broader, with potential uses is risk-based assessment related to the clinical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries as well as to homeland security.

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