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Janků, Jaroslava, Kristina Heřmanová, Josef Kozák, Jan Jehlička, Mansoor Maitah, Karel Němeček, Jan Vopravil, Daniel Toth, Karel Jacko i Tomáš Herza. "Industrial zones and their benefits for society". Soil and Water Research 15, No. 4 (21.09.2020): 258–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/59/2020-swr.
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Currently, we can see a rapid decline of agricultural land with new uses, especially for construction purposes. This negative trend is evident across Europe, the Czech Republic has the fastest loss of land in the EU. One reason for the significant loss of agricultural land is building industrial zones, which utilises of greenfield areas, and their occupying new areas of agricultural land, often the most the most fertile. The analysis deals with the occupied area (the area of a particular industrial zone), the percentage utilisation of that industrial zone, the number of employees in the industrial zone, and the land quality expressed by means of the agricultural land protection class. The results of the analysis show the low usability of industrial zones, the large occupation of the agricultural land, and the low benefits to the Czech state and Czech citizens. The results also show the poor land use policy in relation to the soil protection. This work is followed by the project Sustainable management of natural resources with an emphasis on non-production and production ability of the soil, the results of which will be included in legislation and be binding for spatial planning.
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Sugeng, Sugeng, Widya Romasindah Aidy i Andre Cardenas Jr. "Intellectual Property Rights in Agriculture: Plant Variety Protection and Food Security". Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 5, nr 2 (6.05.2024): 66–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v5i2.33097.
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This research explores the complex relationship between Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in agriculture, focusing on plant variety protection and food security. In this context, protecting plant varieties becomes key to enhancing agricultural productivity, addressing climate change challenges, and ensuring the sustainability of the food supply. Implementing intellectual property rights in agriculture also directly impacts the welfare of farmers and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Methodologically, this research adopts a normative approach, using various data sources and relevant analyses within the legislative framework. The research also elucidates the crucial role of institutions tasked with implementing plant variety protection measures within a broader IPR framework. The research findings indicate challenges and opportunities inherent in implementing plant variety protection measures, including legal and policy barriers, and opportunities for policy innovation and collaboration among government stakeholders, industry, and society. In conclusion, this research offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics between Intellectual Property Rights in agriculture, particularly plant variety protection, and food security. Furthermore, policy recommendations are proposed to strengthen regulatory frameworks for plant variety protection, enhance access to agricultural technology, and promote multi-stakeholder collaboration. Considering the complexity of the relationship between various aspects of IPR, plant variety protection, and food security, further research can explore innovative solutions to overcome existing barriers and capitalize on emerging opportunities. This may involve a more detailed analysis of existing legal and policy frameworks and exploring the practical implications of the policy recommendations outlined in the abstract in ensuring the sustainability of agricultural systems and food security in the future.
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Jia, Gang Tao, i Tian Zhu Huang. "Agricultural Function Positions in New Period of China". Advanced Materials Research 281 (lipiec 2011): 270–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.270.
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Agriculture has the main function such as food sources, raw materials, providing the elements, the consumer market and foreign exchange reserves for long time. With the development of society, agricultural function has changed in new era. The new function will replace the traditional one gradually and become the dominant feature in future, which supply agricultural products, employment and livelihood protection, ecological adjustment and cultural heritage and leisure.
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Baliuk, S. A., M. M. Miroshnychenko i G. F. Momot. "IX convention of Ukrainian Society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists". Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, nr 3-4 (8.10.2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041412.
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At the beginning of July 2014 on the base of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University the IХ convention of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took place. In-process convention 213 delegates and participants from 21 separations of Ukrainian society of soil scientists and agricultural chemists took part. The program of the convention included the plenary meeting and the meetings of sections "Genesis and geography of soils", "Evolution of soil properties, monitoring of the state, technologies of land-use management", "Reclamation of soils", "Protection of soils from erosion, recultivation and land-use management, ecological state of soils and their protection against contamination", "Agrochemical providing of modern agriculture", "Biology of soils", delegate meetings and scientific field excursion. Practically in all sections the problem of soil and soil cover conservation from degradation as a consequence of anthropogenic influence came into question. The Congress passed a resolution, where the work of Society was positively marked, the priority directions of the scientific and research and practice activities were defined, an Appeal to the President of Ukraine, Supreme Council of Ukraine, Prime Minister of Ukraine was accepted.
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Palšová, Lucia, Ina Melišková i Anna Bandlerová. "Legal Aspects of the Agricultural Land Protection in Slovakia". EU agrarian Law 6, nr 1 (27.06.2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eual-2017-0004.
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Abstract Protection of the functions and surface area of agricultural land should be the interest of every society and is an expression of the maturity of the country. The paper analyses historical development of the legal regulation on the protection of agricultural land in Slovakia since the establishment of Czechoslovakia i.e. from 1918 to the present, i.e. until 2017.
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Juríčková, Zuzana, Zuzana Lušňáková, Marcela Hallová, Elena Horská i Monika Hudáková. "Environmental Impacts and Attitudes of Agricultural Enterprises for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development". Agriculture 10, nr 10 (28.09.2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100440.
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Recognising that implementing an agricultural enterprise impacts the state of the environment, its ecological stability, and the self- regulatory capabilities of ecosystems, the aim of this paper is to acquaint the professional and lay public about the attitudes of Slovakian agricultural enterprises towards environmental protection and sustainable development. The paper draws attention to present methods, techniques, and tools that enterprise management are applying for the purpose of meeting and overcoming environmental challenges. The data for this research were obtained from controlled interviews and a questionnaire survey conducted across more than 90 agricultural enterprises. Based on the data outcomes, research premises and formulated research hypotheses put forward are verified by using Friedman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal–Wallis, and Pearson chi-square tests. Discussion of the findings points out that although Slovakia is not yet one of the most polluting countries, promoting the application of environmental protection approaches for sustainable development is of the essence. The most important agriculturally related step, mitigating environmental degradation, is to promote changes in the moral values of agricultural enterprises and the society through enhanced environmental awareness and application practices.
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Safta, Adela Sorinela, i Lavinia Popescu. "Between Eco-Philosophy and Conventional Agriculture: The Role of Fungicides from the Perspective of Climate Change". Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, nr 1 (2.12.2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08842.
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This research investigates a set of factors that can lead to natural imbalances in plants and provides an overview of agricultural economy in terms of innovative agricultural development, especially in the field of plant protection, taking into account the effects of climate change. Environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources and vulnerabilities regarding fertilizer application techniques are current concerns in agricultural development. The excessive and intrusive development generated by mega-tourism causes the degradation of the environment and society, reviving interest in methods of plant protection in order to preserve the biosphere. Climate change involves the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the adaptation of agricultural systems. In our opinion, these aspects are closely related to the use of various types of plant protection tools, especially fungicides. The plant–soil interdependence in agricultural practice is also highlighted in this paper. We found that products (chemicals) to control diseases in agricultural crops are increasingly used in agricultural areas, especially fungicides. The amount of fungicides in solid form increased in 2018 compared to the previous year by 5.7%. One of the main objectives in the field of agriculture is to maintain a low level of greenhouse gas emission. The emergence of modern agriculture in the 1960s, supported by harmful pesticides and chemical fertilizers, has been detrimental to the field ecosystem. This research is based on the theories of eco-philosophy. Studies have shown that organic farming can significantly reduce the carbon footprint per ton of food produced compared to conventional agriculture, mainly due to the abandonment of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The novelty of this research is the amalgamation of local village wisdom and traditions and inherited values as progressive tools for the application of a plant protection system in response to climate change and the pressure of diseases and pests. In this study, we try to highlight issues that, in our opinion, are important for the development of the agricultural sector towards a return to local methods typical of traditional farms, premises that will reduce fertilizer consumption and thus contribute to pest control.
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Fürj, Zoltán. "The Legal Rules Pertaining to Land Protection in Hungary". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, nr 16 (6.12.2005): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/16/3331.
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Buildings in industry, mining, transportation and for personal and commercial activities cover increasingly more valuable agricultural land. The increase of sub-urbanization and vehicular traffic and the spread of malls and other kinds of investments are causing serious harm for not only to human society, but to a whole national economy as well.The law on agricultural land (1994:LV) contains legal rules for the preservation, use and classification of agricultural land. These rules define the temporary or permanent use of land for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes; the scale of the land-protection fee and the rules of the process on cases in which land is used for non-agricultural purposes without the consent of the land registry. In the field of land classification, the law prescribes the regulations which are to be followed in order to define the net income of agricultural land in Golden Crowns.Hungarian land protection rules are unique in the European Union, because only few member-states have similar laws to ours. Community law does not regulate the member states, except in the case of land classification, because this is the basis of the tax paid on the agricultural lands, but even here, there are differences among the states.
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Areal, Francisco José. "Willingness to Pay for Agricultural Soil Quality Protection and Improvement". Land 13, nr 8 (23.07.2024): 1118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13081118.
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Understanding and estimating the economic value that society places on agricultural soil quality protection and improvement can guide the development of policies aimed at mitigating pollution, promoting conservation, or incentivizing sustainable land management practices. We estimate the general public’s willingness to pay (WTP) for agricultural soil quality protection and improvement in Spain (n = 1000) and the UK (n = 984) using data from a cross-sectional survey via Qualtrics panels in March–April 2021. We use a double-bound dichotomous choice contingent valuation approach to elicit the individuals’ WTP. We investigate the effect of uncertainty on the success of policies aiming at achieving soil protection. In addition, to understand the heterogeneity in individuals’ WTP for agricultural soil quality protection and improvement, we model individuals’ WTP through individuals’ awareness and attitudes toward agricultural soil quality protection and the environment; trust in institutions; risk and time preferences; pro-social behavior; and socio-demographics in Spain and the UK. We found that there is significant public support for agricultural soil quality protection and improvement in Spain and the UK. We also found that the support does not vary significantly under uncertainty of success of policies aiming at achieving soil protection. However, the individual’s reasons for supporting agricultural soil quality protection and improvement are found to depend on the level of uncertainty and country. Hence, promoting public support for soil protection needs to be tailored according to the level of the general public’s perceived uncertainty and geographic location.
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Palšová, Lucia, Zina Machničová i Zuzana Poláková. "Agricultural Land Withdrawals in Relation to Sustainable Land Use in Slovakia". Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, nr 2 (14.07.2022): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.2.30684.
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The area of agricultural land withdrawn for non-agricultural purposes is gradually increasing worldwide, which is mainly due to the conflicting interests of entities that are interested in the use of this natural resource. Between 2009 and 2020, agricultural land in the area of more than 16,000 ha was withdrawn in Slovakia for non-agricultural purposes. It can be considered a threat that the purpose of withdrawal is mostly industrial and subsequently housing, from which it is possible to predict the continuing intensification of industrial production and the growing agglomeration of regional cities. The role of the state in this regard is to introduce tools for its protection so that its production as well as ecological functions are ensured in a sustainable way. The aim of the paper is to evaluate changes in agricultural land use in Slovakia in the context of analysis of implementation tools aimed at protecting agricultural land, using descriptive and regression analysis of available primary and secondary sources. The result thus points to the increased need of protection and reduction of the rate of withdrawal of agricultural land from the agricultural land fund (at least within the highest quality groups with the highest impact for individual withdrawal purposes), more specifically the land belonging to groups 2 and 3, in order to stabilize the agro-sector, which is vital in terms of its functions, among other things, as well as in the field of biodiversity protection, food self-sufficiency and landscape maintenance. The protection of agricultural land as a component of the environment is not a priority interest of state policy, and therefore its implementation is vague and non-conceptual in terms of current progress and the needs of the society.
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Li, Xiaozhong, i Feng Huang. "Path Deconstruction of Agricultural Environmental Sustainable Development Policy in the Process of International Agricultural Trade Liberalization". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (28.09.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3101244.
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Agriculture is particularly essential in the equilibrium between man and nature because of its intimate contact with nature. So the cornerstone for the sustainable development of the human economy and society is the sustainable development of agriculture. When it comes to global trade, agricultural trade has always been in a very special position. The basic situation of agriculture involves food safety, environmental protection, Chinese politics, and many other issues. In order to overcome the problems of overlapping, repetitive, and too many indicators in the evaluation method of agricultural environmental sustainable development and unfavorable for practical operation, this paper proposes an ecological footprint model based on emergy. The model can effectively evaluate the ability of sustainable development of agricultural environment and solve the problem that traditional evaluation methods cannot comprehensively evaluate. This makes agricultural development sustainable and is conducive to the liberalization of international agricultural trade. The experimental results of this paper show that from 2014 to 2018, the degree of damage to the agricultural environment has increased from 21% to 45%, which has led to a decline in the quality of agricultural products, and the output and sales are not as good as before. It can be seen that only by ensuring the sustainable development of the agricultural environment can we ensure the smooth progress of the international agricultural trade liberalization and make China’s economy flourish.
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Bachynskyi, R. "International experience in stimulation of green initiatives in agriculture and directions of its implementation in the national practice". Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, nr 1(162) (22.04.2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2021-162-1-41-49.
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International experience of stimulation of green initiatives in agriculture is summarized in this article, directions of its implementation in national practice are determined. The article proves that insufficient development of green initiatives in agriculture is a result of effect of limiting barriers having economic and economic nature, and low level of development of incentive tools to stimulate agricultural producers. The arguments are given to understand the importance of foreign practice of incentives for agrarian producers to introduce green initiatives in agricultural industry, and to determine directions of its implementation in Ukrainian practice. The article demonstrates that green initiatives in agriculture at the level of commercial entity are possible only in case of targeted, joint and coordinated activities of the state, society, united territorial communities (UTC) and agricultural enterprises. It is proposed to examine green initiatives in agriculture as a systemic process of organization of nature protection activities of the enterprise basing on coordinated actions of agrarian producers, the structures of state power and administration, UTC, connected with use of the complex of tools and measures to stimulate environmentally safe activities. It is summarized that legal acts and regulations governing nature protection activities in EU states include the following incentive tools to stimulate green initiatives: regulatory, informative and economic tools. Economic tools to motivate the enterprises to adopt environmentally friendly activities are determined: they include ecologic taxes, ecologic quotas, ecologic funds, subsidies and taxbenefits, deposit refund systems, etc. The components of information support of manufacturers are described: they include information about applicable laws and regulations for nature protection, statistic data, researches, reviews and analytical reports, strategic programs developed, information about the options of financing, environmentally-friendly solutions for enterprises. The reasons are given to support creation of information system to stimulate green initiatives implemented in agrarian activities in national practice. Keywords: green initiative, incentive tools, agricultural industry, ecologic fees, ecologic taxes.
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Kalian, O. S., L. I. Kupchenia i P. Yu Shvedenko. "Separate issues of protection of the rights of subjects of environmental protection relations in agricultural production". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, nr 3 (18.07.2023): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.38.
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The article analyzes the essence of the human right to a safe environment. For this purpose, the domestic legal acts defining it and aimed at its implementation were studied. Next, nature protection relations are characterized, and their subject composition is determined. The importance of legal regulation of nature protection relations, the priority of solving nature protection problems, which guarantees the quality of life of every person and the safety of society, is substantiated. The peculiarities of agricultural production as an activity related to the use of natural resources protected by the state have been clarified. A list of means of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in nature protection relations is provided, and their types are distinguished. Particular attention is paid to those problems of nature protection related to the conduct of military operations on the territory of Ukraine. The impact of the law of international communities and European integration on environmental protection relations is also mentioned, but this aspect requires a separate thorough study planned in the next work. It is obvious that it is currently impossible to determine the real damage and probable consequences of the pollution of the nature of Ukraine in the temporarily occupied territories, as well as the deterioration of atmospheric air quality due to numerous fires (caused by the fall of rockets in forests and fires of industrial facilities). Therefore, it is important to monitor the revision of existing bills and the development of new ones in the field of environmental protection in general and the restoration of the objects of the nature reserve fund in particular. In general, this work is based on the statement about the importance of the established in Art. 50 of the Constitution of Ukraine the right to an environment safe for life and health and to compensation for damage caused by the violation of this right. It is the specified right that determines the essence of the analyzed right, the content and direction of the legal norms that form it and are aimed at its implementation.
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Jafarov, T. "Sustainable Use of Agricultural Land of Khachmaz District". Bulletin of Science and Practice, nr 2 (15.02.2023): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/87/11.
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Land use, like any other natural resource, involves loads on nature and causing harm to it. Therefore, completely harmless production today is considered impossible. Because of this, goals have been identified that establish the rationality of land use. Such goals include, taking into account natural conditions and economic indicators in the corresponding territory, ensuring the interests of society as a whole, the efficiency of the production process, as well as the protection of the quality of land and its reproduction. These goals are always unchanged, and their achievement depends on the technological development of production, the economic level, and the needs of society. In this article, the agricultural suitability level of Khachmaz district land was analyzed based on the cadastral database created on the basis of GIS technologies. It was also noted the need to take a number of measures to reduce the risk of soil erosion.
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Siregar, Hermanto, i Bustanul Arifin. "Challenges for Sustainable Agricultural Biotechnology Development in Indonesia". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 7, nr 2 (15.12.2010): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2010.7.2.2.
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The development of biotechnology in Indonesia is a response to more serious food security challenges as the growth of food yield in the last decade has been much less than that of population. This paper describes biotechnology development in Indonesia, examines government policies related to biotechnology, and exposes challenges facing biotechnology development in the future. It also suggests that the government should provide clearer policy actions including fiscal incentives and legal protection, involve the private sector in developing innovations in research and development, and encourage wider participation of civil society in the development of biotechnology.
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Anugwom, Kenechukwu N., i Edlyne E. Anugwon. "Social protection and adaptation to climate change in Nigeria: Challenges and prospects". Brazilian Journal of Science 2, nr 10 (17.05.2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v2i10.397.
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Depending on the desk review of cogent extant literature and documents, the paper interrogates the relevance and legitimacy of social protection as climate change adaptation mechanism in a developing society like Nigeria. Situated against the undoubted threat of climate change in the country, the paper advances the argument that social protection remains a key adaptation tool especially for poor, rural and agricultural households. Based on the above, it critiques existing attempts at social protection in Nigeria and makes a case for multiple strategies and multi-sectoral approaches to climate change adaptation with social protection in the core. While social protection may be a universal climate change response, the paper argues for its contextualization in the case of Nigeria to achieve socio-cultural sensitivity and more crucially adapt it to extant norms, values and practices in the society. Therefore, there is need to mainstream climate change issues including social protection into policies and regulations as well as incorporating the views and perspectives of the vulnerable into these. In addition, such policies and programmes should be informed by the local knowledge and practices of groups in the society. The paper concludes that with the infusion of the above, social protection could overcome structural challenges in Nigeria and emerge as an attractive adaptation option to climate change.
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Machničová, Zina. "Evaluation of Selected Indicators Pointing at the Current Condition and Importance of Agricultural Land Protection in Slovakia". EU agrarian Law 10, nr 1 (1.07.2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2021-0004.
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Abstract Agricultural land is currently protected by many subjects and institutions. The characteristics of the soil in terms of its functions and importance for individuals or society from perspectives of several scientific disciplines is dealt with by several authors. The aim of the paper is to point out the current state and importance of the agricultural land protection in Slovakia in connection with the threats that affect its quantity and overall quality. The indicators as the area of agricultural land and the structure of the land fund, the evolution of agricultural land withdrawals for non-agricultural purposes and the current state or structure of legislation and institutions in the field of agricultural land protection in Slovakia were evaluated. The paper pointed out the important role of agricultural land in the country, as its area, especially with the majority of arable land and permanent grasslands, represents the majority of the total area of Slovakia. For several years, however, the volume of agricultural land has been steadily declining. This phenomenon is partly caused by the agricultural land withdrawals, which have now managed to stabilize at an average of 1000ha of withdrawn land per year. In Slovakia, there is currently a large number of legislative acts regulating the protection and agricultural land withdrawals, as well as a wide range of state and non-state institutions that operate in the field of agricultural land protection. The effectiveness of the implementation of legislation and the effectiveness of mutual cooperation of institutions seems questionable focusing on the current state of the land fund, which leads to the need to expand research on these aspects.
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Bertoni, Danilo, Daniele Cavicchioli, Franco Donzelli, Giovanni Ferrazzi, Dario Frisio, Roberto Pretolani, Elena Ricci i Vera Ventura. "Recent Contributions of Agricultural Economics Research in the Field of Sustainable Development". Agriculture 8, nr 12 (14.12.2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8120200.
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Sustainable development is more often considered by media, public opinion, and politicians to be the main goal our society should attempt to pursue in the coming years. To this aim, academic researchers have made sustainability one of the main objects of their studies. This work focuses on environmental sustainability and presents a brief overview of how it is taken into consideration in the agricultural economics field by considering this topic from different perspectives and thus highlighting how this field is gradually broadening its scope to include sustainable development objectives. Our analysis shows that the path towards sustainable development is strongly correlated to the protection of the environment. Therefore, agricultural policies aimed at protecting and preserving the environment, and, more in general, innovation along the agri-food chain, together with consumer attention towards environmental issues, can play an important role in achieving this objective.
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Valipour, Mohammad, Jens Krasilnikof, Stavros Yannopoulos, Rohitashw Kumar, Jun Deng, Paolo Roccaro, Larry Mays, Mark E. Grismer i Andreas N. Angelakis. "The Evolution of Agricultural Drainage from the Earliest Times to the Present". Sustainability 12, nr 1 (5.01.2020): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010416.
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Agricultural developments require changes in land surface and subsurface hydraulic functions as protection from floods, reclamation of flooded land, irrigation, and drainage. Drainage of agricultural land has a long history and apparently traces back to the earliest civilizations of Mesopotamia and Iran before 4000 BC. In the Eastern Mediterranean, the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations developed techniques and strategies of drainage of agricultural lands from the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. After the collapse of the Aegean Bronze-age civilizations, society building and agricultural innovation in the archaic and Classical periods (ca. 800–300 BC) included successful attempts at controlling drainage and irrigation techniques. In addition, China, India, and Mesoamerica have extensive histories of drainage. The aim of this review paper is to trace the evolution of the main foundings on agricultural drainage technologies through the centuries until the present. This historical review reveals valuable insights into ancient hydraulic technologies as well as irrigation and drainage management that will help to find bright horizons for sustainable agriculture in future.
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Alonso-Gato, María, Gonzalo Astray, Juan C. Mejuto i Jesus Simal-Gandara. "Essential Oils as Antimicrobials in Crop Protection". Antibiotics 10, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10010034.
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At present, organic crops have reached an important boom in a society increasingly interested in the conservation of the environment and sustainability. It is evident that a part of the population in the Western world focuses their concern on how to obtain our food and on doing it in a way that is as respectful as possible with the environment. In this review, we present a compilation of the work carried out with the use of essential oils as an alternative in the fight against different bacteria and fungi that attack crops and related products. Given the collected works, the efficacy of essential oils for their use as pesticides for agricultural use is evident.
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Yi, Wei Hong, Zheng Yan Chen i Feng Rong Ma. "Study on Environmental Protection Planning of Datong Town in Daqing". Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (luty 2014): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.413.
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With development of small towns, the shortage of water resources and deterioration of water environment, soil and water loss, low vegetation coverage problem is becoming more and more serious, the ecological environment of small town is more and more pressure, restricting the development of small town economy and society is increasingly clear. Because a plan for environmental protection is a basic work of environmental remediation, so a rational environmental planning will speed up local economy and urban development. Firstly, the paper evaluates the status of water environment, atmospheric environment, acoustic environment and solid waste discharge. Secondly, the paper sets Datong town environmental protection planning target and divides the environmental function. Final, the paper proposes the effective measures to synthetically managing the rural environment, developing and utilizing the rural energy, Protecting and building the agricultural ecological environment.
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Zieliński, Marek, Artur Łopatka, Piotr Koza, Agata Żak i Tomasz Rokicki. "Ability of Agriculture in ANCs in Poland and Other EU Countries to Reconcile the Income Function with the Protection of the Natural Environment". Energies 16, nr 24 (6.12.2023): 7928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16247928.
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A necessary condition for agriculture to provide environmental public goods at the level desired by the society is the existence and compliance with appropriate “rules of the game” (institutions). Undoubtedly, institutions are of fundamental importance for agriculture in areas with natural or other specific constraints (ANCs), the new delimitation of which was recommended by the European Commission to all EU member states under the CAP 2014–2020 and which is valid under the CAP 2023–2027. The aim of the study is to indicate the role of institutions in the new institutional economics (NIE) approach in the context of supporting agriculture in ANCs. The specific goals consist of indicating a method for determining the current ANCs in the EU, including Poland; characterizing their current state in Poland, as compared to other EU countries; determining their role in the implementation of the agri-environment-climate measure (AECM) and organic farming under the EU CAP (they are particularly predestined to provide environmental public goods) and also determining the determinants encouraging farmers in ANCs to participate in the activities; assessing the production and economic situation of agriculture in these areas in individual EU countries. The data source was data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute in Puławy and the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics—National Research Institute, Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture, European Commission FADN—FSDN. The research period covered the years 2016–2022. Descriptive methods were used to analyze and present the materials. Tabular graphic logistic regression model, the Wald test, the Cox–Snell pseudo-R2 measure and its additional variant proposed by Nagelkerke were used. The study is intended to fill the research gap regarding the determination of the ability of agriculture in ANCs to reconcile the market function, which is reflected in its economic situation, with the provision of environmental public goods to the society. It was determined that in communes with a high saturation of lowland ANCs, farms achieving worse production results in the form of lower wheat yields and lower income calculated without subsidies per 1 ha of utilized agricultural area (UAA) had a greater tendency to implement AECM activities and organic operational farming. In most EU countries, agriculture in ANCs is characterized by extensification of agricultural production compared to other agriculture. It generally incurs lower costs and, as a result, obtains lower production effects and income from agricultural activities per 1 ha of UAA. The study provides arguments supporting the thesis that for agriculture in ANCs to achieve satisfactory economic effects and at the same time be able to provide the public with environmental public goods to a wide extent, it is necessary to have public financial incentives in the form of subsidies from the EU CAP.
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Krachan, T. M., i U. I. Nedilska. "CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION". Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, nr 37 (14.02.2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2022-2-3.
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Most of the processes in the environment are chemical. The uniqueness of chemistry is that it not only studies natural substances, but also creates new objects of study. The existence of modern society is impossible without all the wide range of substances that can only be obtained through chemical technology. The introduction of methods of chemical technology and products of the chemical industry in the national economy in order to intensify its development and increase efficiency was called chemicalization. The paper summarizes and analyzes information on the use of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in agriculture of Ukraine. The concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on the processes in the agricultural sector is considered. The consequences of excessive and unregulated impact of these substances on living organisms are analyzed and methods of preventing their accumulation in the environment are proposed. Introduction. The article summarizes and analyzes information on the volume of application of mineral and organic fertilizers and plant protection products in the agriculture of Ukraine in the period from 2018 to 2020. Purpose. The main goal of article is сonsider the concept of chemicalization of agricultural production in connection with the increasing influence of new synthetic substances on processes in the agricultural sector. Methods. Сomparative analysis, systematization and generalization for formulating conclusions. Results. There is no the clear tendency to use a certain type of fertilizers for feeding plants in Ukraine today. It is observed а decrease in the use of organic fertilizers, instead, the amount of mineral substances used increases significantly. Conclusion. The use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to a number of environmental consequences, which requires their exact dosage. In this regard, special measures should be taken to prevent their accumulation in soils, plants and products in the form of substances harmful to humans and animals.
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Torquati, Biancamaria, Benedetto Rocchi, Danilo Gambelli, Silvio Franco, Angelo Belliggiano, Alessio Cavicchi, Paola Gatto i Maria Teresa Gorgitano. "New frontiers in the teaching of the agricultural enterprise: elements for a debate". Rivista di Economia Agraria 78, nr 1 (26.09.2023): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rea-14377.
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The ecological transition assigns a strategic role to farms in achieving the sustainable transformation of agricultural systems. Therefore, teaching of agricultural economics must make these demands of civil society its own and rethink topics, decision-making tools, and teaching methods fostering the transition to sustainable agriculture. The main aim of this article is discussing the relevant teaching topics and the useful decision support tools useful for concrete progress in agricultural economics in the cycles of university studies. Five topics are recognized as priorities for the rethinking of courses on agricultural economics: agricultural systems, equitable distribution of value, quality and value of agri-food products, territorial regeneration, protection and regeneration of natural resources. The paper focuses also on the nature and role of decision support tools in university teaching. Finally, some considerations are extended to the opportunities offered by formal teaching in the context of informal training such as university-enterprise cooperation and in the context of the internationalization of degree courses supported by the Erasmus+ program. Further analysis is needed to evaluate how to rethink both single training courses, and global study programs in agricultural economics.
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Honcharuk, Taras. "THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURE OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA IN DEFENCE OF THE ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF THE DNIEPER UKRAINE IN THE 1830'S – 1840'S". Chornomors’ka Mynuvshyna, nr 16 (24.12.2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2519-2523.2021.16.245734.
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The article focuses on the analysis of the publications of members of the Imperial Society of Agriculture of Southern Russia (with the center in Odesa) and related figures, published on the pages of the “Listki” and later of the “Notes” of the Society and the newspaper “Odesskiy vestnik” in 1830`s – 1840's. It was noted that the authors of these publications belonged to various economic courses from conservative to moderately liberal. It was also pointed out the circulations among the members of the Society the ideas of “physiocrats”, which they themselves understood as a recognition of the priority of agriculture, over all other human activities. The publications whose authors insisted on the necessity for immediate government measures to improve transport connections, especially the deployment of railways and improved the river transport vital to the development of agricultural exports were examined by author. The arguments of the members of the Society in their polemics with the authors of the St. Petersburg “Zemledelcheskaya gazeta”, who unjustifiably criticized the traditional forms of Ukrainian economy and accused the Ukrainian peasants of natural “laziness”, were interpreted too. In addition the author of the research analyzed the publications of the members of the Society, who supported the free trade course. It was concluded that, regardless of the general economic views, the members of the Society mostly grouped around the protection of economic interests of Ukrainian lands.
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Cristache, Silvia-Elena, Mariana Vuță, Erika Marin, Sorin-Iulian Cioacă i Mihai Vuţă. "Organic versus Conventional Farming—A Paradigm for the Sustainable Development of the European Countries". Sustainability 10, nr 11 (19.11.2018): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114279.
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Although organic farming is an important topic for society, at the European level there have been few achievements so far. Despite its constant increase, the demand for organic food in Europe is outweighing the development of this sector. As such, we aim to assess the interaction between conventional and organic agriculture, as well as their impact on the value of agricultural production at the European level. The main objective of this article is the assessment of the impact of organic farming, as compared with conventional agriculture, on sustainable development of European countries. Therefore, we used panel models based on data collected from the Eurostat database. We found that an increase of 1% of the organic farming areas will generate a contraction in agricultural production of 0.278%, whereas a 1% increase in the production of fertilizers would generate an increase of 0.260% in agriculture production. Moreover, an increase of 1% in the production of plant protection substances and in gross capital formation would generate increases of 0.1190% and 0.0933%, respectively, in agriculture production. The obtained results depend mainly on the characteristics of work on land, as some agricultural engineering methods (crop rotation, pest control, use of fertilizers etc.) influence productivity and production.
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Svatoš, M., L. Smutka i N. Ishchukova. " The position of agriculture in the Russian Federation – the last two decades development overview". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 11 (27.11.2014): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/65/2014-agricecon.
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The paper provides an analysis of the last two decades Russian agricultural sector development. The main objective of the paper is to highlight the main changes which occurred. The paper is also identifying the role of agriculture in the Russian economy and society development. On the basis of the results coming from the paper, it is possible to characterize the Russian agriculture as follows. After a significant decline in the early 90s and the long process of transformation, the Russian economy including agricultural sector is starting to recover and it is stabilizing. The slowdown of the Russian agricultural performance was stopped (the millstone is the year 2000). At present, the Russian agrarian sector is under the process of recovery especially because of the massive state support (market protection and subsidies coming into agriculture). Agriculture is an important part of the Russian economy. Russia is characterized by large areas of agricultural land, one third of its population lives in the rural areas. The Russian Federation produces many of agricultural products and foodstuffs. However, the country is not self-sufficient in many products. The highest level of the import dependence is observed for meat, vegetables and fruits. Primary products dominate in the structure of Russian exports. Food and agricultural products amount for about only 2% of the Russian total export. The share of agricultural products in the Russian import is more significant and it amounts to 14%. However, in 2000s, there is a significant growth of the foreign trade turnover due to the expansion of both imports and exports. Currently, Russia is seeking not only to achieve a high level of self-sufficiency in basic agricultural products, but also it is trying to be a significant driver in the area of the international trade in agricultural products and foodstuffs.
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Barbu, Lavinia Diana Nicoleta, i Oana-Alina Boiu-Sicuia. ""PLANT-BENEFICIAL MICROBIAL INOCULANTS AND THEIR FORMULATION – A REVIEW"". Romanian Journal for Plant Protection 14 (2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.14.05.
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" Agriculture plays a crucial role in the society and global economy and has a huge impact on the environment. Human overpopulation require higher amounts of food, and due to the overwhelming increase of health disorder it is a consumer demand for high quality food products. However, intensive agricultural practices involve the use of synthetic substances, with negative effects on human health and environmental safety. These triggered the concern of global regulatory agencies for new strategies and harsh regulations regarding agricultural inputs. Sustainable agriculture practices, including the use of renewable resources are now promoted. Biofertilizers, biopesticides and biostimulants contribute to agricultural yield and quality improvement, having a low detrimental impact on the environment. Microbial inoculants based on selected microorganisms are promising products that can improve plant growth and productivity and prevent crops from pest and diseases attack, being an environmental friendly approach. Plant beneficial microorganisms trigger various mechanisms for soil improvement, nitrogen fixation, nutrients solubilization and uptake in plants. Some beneficial microorganisms can release active biomolecule involved in plant protection, or suppress biotic and abiotic stress factors, revealing plant or environmental benefits. This study aims to review plant beneficial microbial agro-inoculants, successful formulations and application methods."
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Mahlein, A. K., M. T. Kuska, J. Behmann, G. Polder i A. Walter. "Hyperspectral Sensors and Imaging Technologies in Phytopathology: State of the Art". Annual Review of Phytopathology 56, nr 1 (25.08.2018): 535–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050100.
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Plant disease detection represents a tremendous challenge for research and practical applications. Visual assessment by human raters is time-consuming, expensive, and error prone. Disease rating and plant protection need new and innovative techniques to address forthcoming challenges and trends in agricultural production that require more precision than ever before. Within this context, hyperspectral sensors and imaging techniques—intrinsically tied to efficient data analysis approaches—have shown an enormous potential to provide new insights into plant-pathogen interactions and for the detection of plant diseases. This article provides an overview of hyperspectral sensors and imaging technologies for assessing compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Within the progress of digital technologies, the vision, which is increasingly discussed in the society and industry, includes smart and intuitive solutions for assessing plant features in plant phenotyping or for making decisions on plant protection measures in the context of precision agriculture.
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Yu, Lili, Yueyuan Ding, Fei Chen, Jie Hou, Guojun Liu, Shinan Tang, Minhua Ling, Yunzhu Liu, Yang Yan i Nan An. "Groundwater resources protection and management in China". Water Policy 20, nr 3 (13.09.2017): 447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2017.035.
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Abstract Groundwater is an important water source to support China's economic and social development. Since the 1970s, China, especially the north region, has started to intensively pump groundwater as a water supply for agricultural irrigation, industry and city expansion. To meet the water demand due to the rapid development of the economy and society, groundwater is continuously and disorderly exploited to a great extent for a prolonged time in some regions in China, besides faulty operation and management, and insufficient emphasis on protection, which leads to severe problems of groundwater over-exploitation and contamination. In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to groundwater protection. This paper illustrates the general ideas and strategies of groundwater protection and management in China from the aspects of over-exploitation control, quality protection, water ecosystem protection, and implementation of the strictest water management systems.
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Lamont, Crystal. "Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System: Advocacy and Opportunity for Civil Society". UnderCurrents: Journal of Critical Environmental Studies 18 (27.04.2014): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2292-4736/38552.
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Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System: Advocacy and Opportunity for Civil Society.Edited by ROD MACRAE and ELISABETH ABERGEL. UBC Press, 2012. $95.00Reviewed by Crystal LamontThink about what you did today. What did you eat? Food is such an integral part of everyday life, but how often do you think about food as more than a means to stop that annoying grumble in your stomach? Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System: Advocacy and Opportunity for Civil Society takes a look into Canadian food systems and the ineffective and unresponsive policies of the Canadian government regarding food, as well as the agricultural challenges of today and tomorrow. The contributions to this edited volume strive to illustrate how effective and sustainable food policies can be achieved in the Canadian food system. This book explores different food problems and policies to advance the notion of civil society organizations (CSO’s) as powerful vehicles to invoke the sort of changes Canada requires in its food systems.Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System engages with issues surrounding food and agricultural policies in Canada using an interdisciplinary approach. This volume brings together scholars in geography, sociology, political science, and environmental studies, as well as authors who work in the field of food policy to explore the role of advocacy and CSO’s by drawing on these diverse perspectives and experiences.Many of the authors use case studies from other environmental struggles as a way to explore effective advocacy in working toward change in Canadian food policy. Overall, the reader comes to appreciate the role CSO’s can, and ought, to play in achieving a policy paradigm shift in Canadian food and agriculture.Contributors in the first section of the book investigate and challenge the current food and agriculture policy paradigms in Canada by questioning the very problematic ways that farming practices and the purpose of agriculture are discussed in dominant public narratives. Scholars Grace Skogstad and Alison Blay-Palmer argue that the current dominant view of farms is resource production. Commonly, farming and agricultural practices are conceptualized solely as means to provide food to people. As a result, policies tend to focus on maximum production strategies while failing to support sustainability measures or to facilitate environmental protection. Skogstad and Blay-Palmer both suggest how policies can be shaped to enable long-term and systematic changes that view farming within a larger context of public good and the multiple benefits farms provide to communities in addition to food. One illustration of a successful paradigm shift discussed in this section and used in contrast to Canada’s current food and agricultural model is the European Union’s multifunctionality paradigm. The principles of multifunctionality place agricultural activity in terms of its social functions, incorporating the production of food with land conservation, protection of biodiversity, sustainable management of natural resources, and the socio-economic viability of rural areas.The second part of the text explores various lessons that can, and have been, learned from the Canadian food system and the role of advocacy in this area. The case studies used as ways to illustrate the role of civil society organizations in Canadian food and agriculture policy in this section include examples of agricultural biotechnology, agricultural pesticide use, Canada’s Action Plan for Food Security, breastfeeding promotion campaigns targeted at mothers, obesity in children, and the new generation of farmers. In each of these examples, CSO’s and advocacy groups have worked either to pressure government to make changes in food and agriculture policy or have acted independent of government in attempts to achieve positive change. Although these are diverse issues, the lessons learned have resonance with current and emerging food and agricultural issues. Several of the case studies illustrate the gaps between government action and policies with CSO initiatives and goals, and the lack of integration and participation of civil society into any decision-making processes. Other authors in the volume view the role of CSO’s as crucial to achieving food policy changes that governments have not been willing to provide, such as food banks and health promotion in schools. Whether working in tandem with or in opposition to government policy, the role of civil society organizations in seeking sustainable food and agriculture policy is crucial.Indeed, the overall message presented by each author in this book is that, if unprompted, governments will not do what is necessary in order to promote health and sustainability in the Canadian food system. Therefore, there is immense pressure upon CSOs and advocacy groups to challenge the current paradigms and demand change. Incremental, short-term results need to be replaced by holistic, long-term, system-wide sustainable initiatives. This book is valuable to environmentalists, for although the contributions to this text concern food and agricultural policies, the same themes and challenges are persistent in any environmental struggle. Health and Sustainability in the Canadian Food System makes clear the link between meaningful policy change and civil society organizations, requiring that we all hear the grumble in our stomachs as a call to confront the ways that we are directly implicated in the Canadian food system and to consider what change we might affect with our participation in civil society organizing.~CRYSTAL LAMONT is a Masters Candidate in the Faculty of Envioronmental Studies at York University. Her research focuses on Canadian environmental policy, specifically natural resource and energy policy.
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Caxaj, Susana, Amy Cohen, Bonar Buffam i Oudshoorne Abe. "Borders and boundaries in the lives of migrant agricultural workers: Towards a more equitable health services approach." Witness: The Canadian Journal of Critical Nursing Discourse 2, nr 2 (30.12.2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2291-5796.69.
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In 2018, over 70% of the 69,775 temporary migrant agricultural labourers arriving in Canada participated in the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP). Despite having legal status in Canada, these individuals are often systematically excluded from community life and face barriers when accessing health and social services. SAWP workers’ exclusion from many public spaces and their incomplete access to the benefits of Canadian citizenship or residency provide us a unique opportunity to examine social and political mechanisms that construct (in)eligibility for health and protection in society. As individuals seeking to care for the sick and most marginalized, it is important for nurses to understand how migrant agricultural workers are positioned and imagined in society. We argue that the structural exclusion faced by this population can be uncovered by examining (1) border politics that inscribe inferior status onto migrant agricultural workers (2) nation-state borders that promote racialized surveillance and; (3) everyday normalization of exclusionary public service practices. We discuss how awareness of these contextual factors can be mobilized by nurses to work towards a more equitable health services approach for this population.
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Wiśniewski, Paweł, i Michael Märker. "Comparison of Topsoil Organic Carbon Stocks on Slopes under Soil-Protecting Forests in Relation to the Adjacent Agricultural Slopes". Forests 12, nr 4 (26.03.2021): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040390.
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Soil erosion is one of the major processes degrading the natural environment but also agricultural production areas. Soil erosion may lead to soil organic carbon (SOC) loss, especially from sloping agricultural terrain units. The use of phytomelioration in environmental management, particularly long-term, permanent forest vegetation, is widely recognized as a possible measure for soil erosion protection and mitigation of climate change through carbon sequestration. The aim of this study was to compare of the topsoil organic carbon stocks on the slopes under soil-protecting forests in relation to the adjacent agricultural slopes. The research was conducted in the young glacial landscape of North-Central Poland. The study indicated the significant role of forest management on the increase of soil organic matter content and SOC stock. The results show that land use and slope gradients are important factors controlling soil organic carbon pools in topsoil in young glacial areas. This topic is extremely important particularly as the effects of climate change become more and more visible, and society faces new challenges in preventing these changes.
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Nukesheva, A. ZH, i E. V. Kudryashova. "STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT". Problems of AgriMarket, nr 4 (15.12.2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.19.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agro-industrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.
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NUKESHEVA, A. ZH, i E. V. KUDRYASHOVA. "STATE SUPPORT FOR AGRIBUSINESS IN GERMANY: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECT". Problems of AgriMarket 4 (15.12.2020): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2020-4-2708-9991.19.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities of using mechanisms for supporting agribusiness in foreign countries and to develop recommendations for their adaptation in domestic agriculture. The current socio-demographic situation in rural areas of Germany, Kazakhstan and other states, measures of public support are considered. In the EU and Germany, agricultural policy is aimed at intensive development of the industry: increasing the level of innovation in agricultural sector and food industry; maintaining high standards of environmental and animal protection; introduction of advanced scientific developments in the branches of agroindustrial production; supporting the activities of research institutes; increasing contribution to diversifying rural economic development. It was revealed that the aggregated budget of funding sources allows you to control its implementation at all levels from planning to final use. Public administration guarantees a stable income to farmers; an appropriate standard of living comparable to the wealth of other social groups in society; the prospects for the professional activity of entrepreneurs in the countryside; conditions and directions of training of agricultural personnel. Modern challenges, among which the aging of the population employed in agriculture in Europe and Germany, is currently the most important problem, therefore, starting in 2015, a new financial instrument to help young farmers under 40 was included into the main program of assistance to the EU agricultural sector. Analysis of employment indicators in rural areas of Kazakhstan and the experience of public support in Germany made it possible to formulate measures to support agricultural producers, which will change the approach to agricultural labor, its prestige.
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Wagan, Shoaib Ahmed, Abuzar Wajidi, A. Sanjrani Manzoor, Sayeda Sakina, Qurat Ul Ain Memon i Tan Yanwen. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ARABLE LAND PROTECTION POLICIES OF CHINA AND PAKISTAN: A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LESSON FOR PAKISTAN". Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, nr 6 (24.12.2021): 989–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.6.86.
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Land is the basic resource for human society; which constant in nature and not an increasing resource. Usually, arable land is used for residential, industrial, municipal, and civilization purposes which tends to affect agricultural productivity. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of arable land protection policies of China and Pakistan, learning lesson for sustainable development. Time series data of arable land hectares per person, percentage of agricultural GDP growth rate, percentage of industrial GDP growth rate, percentage of forest area, and urban population annual growth rate were used to elaborate empirical results. The study result shows that in China the percentage industrial GDP growth rate and percentage of agricultural GDP growth rate have a positive and significant relationship with arable land hectares per person similarly, the land protection policies have a positive and significant relationship with arable land hectares per person. In Pakistan, findings show that there is no arable land protection policies by the government. The GDP growth rate and urban population growth rate have a positive relationship with arable land hectares per person, due to fellow land is utilizing time by time for cultivation purposes. Moreover, results show there was a breakpoint in trend of arable land loss in China from 1991, due to development of arable land protection policies of China, which revels that the arable land protection policies are efficient to control loss of arable land. The study giving a lesson to Pakistan for sustainable development with control to land loss.
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Smirnov, Evgeniy R., Yana V. Beznosova, Faridun Z. Zavurbekov i Nikolay V. Ostroumov. "Animals as objects of legal protection in the Republic of India". Vestnik of Kostroma State University 27, nr 2 (28.06.2021): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2021-27-2-181-186.
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The article analyses the legal acts of the modern Republic of India aimed at protecting animals from human actions that cause physical and mental suffering. It is emphasised that the Indian legislator recognises the presence of feelings, emotions, experiences and consciousness in animals. The authors studied the report of the World Society for the Protection of Animals, which contains information on the state of legislation and judicial practice in this area. The authors drew attention to the position of Indian judges who explicitly recognise the existence of special rights for animals that are subject to legal protection. The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of the protection of wild, agricultural, laboratory, domestic, circus and captive animals. In relation to each of these categories, there are special legal acts that confirm the commitment of the Indian state to the principle of "ahimsa", which has existed in this country since ancient times, i.e., humane treatment of all living beings. India's legislation dealing with animal welfare issues is progressive compared to many states where such issues are not a priority. Noting the unconditional achievements of the Republic of India in the field of animal protection, the authors did not ignore the existing problems of law enforcement practice that require immediate solutions.
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Zhang, Shang Bing. "Study on the Relationship between New Socialist Countryside Construction and Environmental Protection". Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (wrzesień 2014): 1187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.1187.
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With the China's rural social and economic development, great changes in the aspect of living level have taken place. But meanwhile, in the course of economic development, a great number of environmental costs have been invested in the vast rural areas, which have restricted the development of agricultural economy. We systematically study the existing major environmental problem of rural environmental protection in the process of new socialist countryside construction. Then policy and suggestions was proposed so as to materialize the sustainable development of rural regional economy and society. It is urgent to strengthen the propaganda and education of rural environmental protection, so as to solve the problem of environmental pollution and establish a harmonious relationship between new socialist countryside construction and environmental Protection.
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Stępka, Stanisław. "Problematyka społeczno-gospodarcza w działalności Stanisława Mikołajczyka". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 52 (15.04.2004): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2004.52.6.
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Stanisław Mikołajczyk was peasant's activist, politician and statesman. In his activity he paid attention to activity of Farmer' s Circles, peasant' s cooperation as well as drawing up and realization of the agricultural reform. He considered that economic organizations run by farmers were basis of well functioning agriculture. It was a reason why he supported Society of Farmer' s Circles in Poznań. He thought that farmer's interests were directly connected with peasant' s cooperation. According to Mikołajczyk, they should by protection against the dishonest competition and should influence on profitability of production. He thought that superfluous farmers should change their job and work in trade, craft and cooperation. Stanisław Mikołajczyk set about undertaking these problems in parliament and journalism, particularly in „Przewodnik Gospodarski".
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Soloviy, Ihor, Roman Kuryltsiv, Józef Hernik, Nadiia Kryshenyk i Taras Kuleshnyk. "Integrating Ecosystem Services Valuation into Land Use Planning: Case of the Ukrainian Agricultural Landscapes". Forests 12, nr 11 (27.10.2021): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111465.
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Modern agricultural landscapes produce multiple ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes have social, economic, and environmental value—providing a wide array of benefits to society. Absence of scientifically based and practically tested methodologies of identification, mapping, and evaluation of ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes hamper integration of its values in the current system of land use planning. The value of ecosystem services is calculated for the case study territory located within the administrative borders of Kolomak Territorial Community in Bohodukhiv district, Kharkiv region (Ukraine). The highest estimated value among non-market ecosystem services is carbon storage service, and among market services—food production. The baseline scenario of land use (business as usual) is compared with two alternative scenarios (Scenario 1. Land reclamation scenario; Scenario 2. Land protection and bioenergy production scenario). Designing of an integrated production system in the forest agro-landscape, which combines multiple ecosystem services, allows us to attain maximum results in terms of value. Amelioration of agricultural landscape through establishing a system of protective forest shelterbelts allows society to increase the total value of ecosystem services, and this is why it should be better integrated into land use planning and land management.
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Wu, Songze, i Dongyan Wang. "Storing Grain in the Land: The Gestation, Delineation Framework, and Case of the Two Zones Policy in China". Land 12, nr 4 (2.04.2023): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040806.
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Cultivated land (CL) protection is an overarching strategic concern for stabilizing the agricultural foundation and for achieving the sustainable development of the national economy and society. Faced with the challenges of the dual drives of complex domestic and international situations, China’s CL protection system has coupled the quantity and quality dimensions and focused on a dynamic balancing system and permanent basic farmland (PBF) policy. However, it has had difficulty meeting the objectives of sustainable agricultural development and is undergoing upgrades. Accordingly, the Chinese government has issued a CL protection policy that includes adjusting the planting structure, optimizing the agricultural layout, and adding the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and planting structure, namely “Delimitation of the Grain Production Functional Zone and the Important Agricultural Product Production-Protection Zone” (the “two zones” policy). With regard to the ambiguous understanding of the two zones policy, this study aims to explore the following issues: (1) How was the two zones policy conceived? (2) What mechanism does it use to make up for the deficiencies of the previous policy? (3) How does it integrate the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and planting structure? (4) How to reasonably delimit the two zones. To solve these problems, this paper first reviews the evolution of China’s CL protection policies and explains the incubation process of the two zones policy and its connotation and mechanism. Then, a delineation framework process is proposed and the approaches of executing the two zones policy on a regional scale are discussed. Furthermore, a real delimitation was conducted in Qianguo County to validate the framework. The evidence shows that customizing CL use according to regional resource potential differentiation and forming a CL protection policy with the three dimensions of quantity, quality, and structure are effective in improving the productive potential of CL and promoting the adjustment of the planting structure. Furthermore, the framework and case study findings of the delimitation provide a theoretical reference and practical foundation to translate macro policy into micro management.
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Shibaeva, Natalia, i Tetiana Baban. "Improving the Methodological Basis for Assessing Regulatory Policy in the Agricultural Sector: Areas for Further Research". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, nr 09 (11.09.2020): 1937–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i09.em02.
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The agricultural sector occupies an important place in post-industrial society. The agricultural sector is associated with such sustainable development goals as economic growth, food security, rational use of resources, increasing the incomes, rural development and preserving the environment.
An effective state policy is able to ensure the advancement of the agriculture towards achieving the sustainable development goals. But the formation of state policy should be preceded by a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of state measures in previous periods.
The article proposes an improving the author's methodology of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of state policy of Ukrainian agriculture. Suggestions for improvement are to strengthen the environmental and social components of assessing the progress of sustainable development goals. The strengthening of the environmental component of the assessment of the progress of sustainable development goals was carried out through the inclusion in the system of assessment of protection indicators and restoration of ecosystems in the process of their use in the agriculture. The strengthening of the social component was achieved through the inclusion in the cost estimation system of the State programs to support housing in rural areas, social investments and own resources of local communities to create a comfortable environment.
Approbation of the improved methodology of comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of state policy in the agriculture was conducted on the example of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in 2010, 2016-2018. The comprehensive assessment showed slow progress in the effectiveness of regulatory policy in agricultural sector of Ukraine in 2010, 2016-2018 and revealed the backlog of social and environmental indicators in the approach to sustainable development goals in comparison with economic ones.
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Affandi, Imanudin, i Devi Siti Hamzah Marpaung. "Sosialisasi Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Petani atas Ketersediaan Lahan Pertanian di Indonesia serta Sebagai Wujud Menciptakan Ketahanan Pangan Daerah". Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia 4, nr 2 (20.05.2023): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jpni.v4i2.248.
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Issues of legal protection for farmers, food security and availability of farmland have strategic social, economic, and religious functions for Indonesian agricultural society. The unpredictability of land-use change threatens the resilience, independence and food sovereignty of farmers and communities. Therefore, government policy to protect sustainable farmland will continue to explore whether legal protections are needed for existing farmland as well as farmers to become permanent farmland. The purpose of this activity is to make farmers understand that they have the right to live a decent and prosperous life through the availability of the land itself, and the method is the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the reporting stage. consists of During the implementation phase, non-profit activities such as demonstrations of socialization techniques, tree planting, and production of organic pesticide fertilizers were carried out. Socialization occurs through the engagement of performance goal partners and actively and interactively between resource personnel and participants. The official stressed that the availability of agricultural land is a fulfillment of rights that communities and the state must acquire, in which case local governments have an obligation to make efforts. The demonstration introduced the technology of producing organic pesticide fertilizers to increase the fertility of agricultural land in community service areas. This inaugural event went according to plan.
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Song, Hyung Suk. "A Study on the Promotion of Information & Telecommunication Industry in Korea". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 11 (31.12.1996): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps11010.
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Today, the world market environment for information & telecommunication industry is rapidly changing. The market in Korea is also facing changes including the opening of the market to foreign competitors, establishment of competition system and changing demand structures and the introduction of multi-media. The new wave of information which results from the combination of computer and telecommunication has brought enormous changes throughout the society. As the changes of social system in the history have ranged from hunting to agricultural, and to finally industrial society, the society in the upcoming 21st century will be defined as the society of information based on communication technology. The changes in question in the environment of the communication industry offer both the difficulties and new opportunities for those working in the industry who have performed the activities in a traditionally closed and dependent environment under the protection, direct and indirect, of the government.
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Zieliński, Marek. "THE IMPORTANCE OF FARMS FROM AREAS WITH PARTICULAR RISK OF WIND EROSION IN POLAND AS A SOURCE OF PUBLIC GOODS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU CAP". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXV, nr 2 (4.05.2023): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.4243.
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The aim of the study is to characterize agriculture, including the assessment of its economic situation in areas (municipalities) of varying saturation with utilized agricultural area (UAA) particularly at risk of wind erosion in Poland, and to determine the factors that influence the willingness to better adapt to existing difficulties through the implementation of selected measures under the Common Agricultural Policy 2014-2020 (CAP 2014-2020). We are talking here about the agri-environment-climate measure (AECM) and organic farming measure, which, by improving the condition of agricultural soils, are able to simultaneously guarantee the society many public goods related to better protection of the natural environment. For the purposes of the study, data from the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute in Puawy and the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture, as well as data from farms continuously keeping accounts for the Polish FADN in 2019-2021 were used. A logistic regression model was used to indicate the factors that were statistically significant in order to farmers from municipalities with an exceptionally high share of agricultural land particularly at risk of wind erosion, decided to participate in the AECM and/or organic farming measure. Based on this model, it was established that in these municipalities important factors of greater willingness to implement them concerned lower income cleared of operating subsidies per 1 ha of UAA, the farmers higher level of education, the presence of other farms participating in them in the immediate vicinity, as well as a larger area of UAA and location in Natura 2000 areas.
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Bashkin, Vladimir. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE". LIFE OF THE EARTH 44, nr 2 (11.05.2022): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3026.0514-7468.2022_44_2/180-191.
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The article discusses the current state and prospects of biologization of agriculture related to nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agriculture and the determination of research opportunities in the field of agronomy, plant breeding and biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Crop breeding increases nitrogen uptake and use of its soil forms, while breeding aimed at increasing the efficiency of BNF by legumes will increase the overall efficiency of the system. Similarly, the development of new N-fixing symbioses in non-legume crops may reduce the need for chemical fertilizers in agroecosystems, but is a much longer-term goal. Consequently, the biologization of agriculture should combine the use of a number of nature-like agricultural technologies with an increase in the efficiency of applied mineral fertilizers, primarily nitrogen. It is shown that the biologization of agriculture requires something more than technical solutions of biological problems to ensure the responsible use of nitrogen in the interests of food security and environmental protection. Ultimately, the problem comes from society, and the solution must include a social dimension.
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Padgitt, Steve, Peggy Petrzelka, Wendy Wintersteen i Eric Imerman. "Integrated crop management: The other precision agriculture". American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 16, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s088918930000881x.
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Abstract“Precision agriculture” was a favorite buzzword in agricultural discussions in the 1990s. Proponents of precision agriculture note its promises are twofold: economic benefits for the producer and environmental benefits for society. These benefits are to be achieved by improving the efficiency of input use, based on data obtained with global positioning systems (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS) technologies. Although fulfillment of these promises has been mixed to date, it appears that “precision agriculture” will continue in the agriculture vernacular into the 21st century. In this article, we propose another sense of the term, and argue that precision agriculture, or at least long strides in that direction, is possible short of these highly complex methods and capital investments, through integrated crop management (ICM). As practiced by the producer and/or provided by independent crop consultants, ICM is one alternative to providing information-intensive management on the farm, and has proven efficiency of input use. That is, the promise of economic and environmental benefits holds true in a manner that makes it possible for any producer to implement “precision agriculture.” Using data from users and nonusers of independent crop consultants implementing ICM, this study reveals that several economic and environmental benefits are gained from the information and management recommendations provided by consultants. Pest and nutrient management recommendations have led to decreases in pesticide and commercial fertilizer use. For the majority of users, these input reductions have resulted in an increase in profits since hiring a consultant. Users attributed changes in total cost of production to their consultant's effectiveness, and some reported receiving double or greater return for every dollar invested in consultant services. The results confirm the important role that Iowa's independent crop consultants could play in agricultural production and environmental protection through their promotion of ICM activities. However, the scarcity of consultants in Iowa, and possibly elsewhere, presents a challenge within the industry. Addressing this issue may help in contributing to rural development, economic benefit for the producer, and environmental benefit for all of society.
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Jurksaitiene, Nijole, Laima Markeviciene i Donatas Misiunas. "The Research on Environment Protection Knowledge and Competencies in Non-Formal Education". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (6.08.2015): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol1.808.
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In Lithuania, as well as all over the world in developed countries, the society is starting to become a new kind of the information society. Under modern conditions it is increased the role of educated personality, personality capable of not only absorb the previously accumulated knowledge, but also to summarize, analyze, develop new and innovative ideas, information technologies, services and products. Implementing the EU common agricultural and rural development policy and adapting it to the local conditions, special attention must be paid to the qualitative aspects of human capital and education. Environment protection problems are deeply rooted in. The extensive agricultural policy of EU is in active formation process as a serious counterweight and feasible alternative to intensive, almost industrial farming [1]. According to this policy, farmers are supported for reducing negative impact on the environment and fostering an attractive landscape; therefore it is important to develop professional qualification. It is possible to distinguish three forms of education in formation of farmers' human resources: formal, non-formal and informal learning [2]. Formal education takes place in accordance with the statutory procedure, approved and registered training programs witch lead to the acquisition of a primary, secondary, or higher non-university education and qualifications. Non-formal education is learning through a range of educational needs, training, and acquisition of additional skills. It typically involves workshops, community or interest based courses, conference style seminars. Informal education is continuous self-learning, based on the person gaining knowledge from various sources and practical experience. Non-formal and informal education is relevant to farmers who already have some formal education and seek to continually enhance and update their knowledge. Professional development is important to the farmer during all the farming period. The paper deals with environment protection competencies and qualification development gained during non-formal education course of farming basics. The study found out environment protection motivation and tendencies of knowledge use in practical activities.
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Li, Xuelan, Jiyu Jiang i Javier Cifuentes-Faura. "Coordinated Development and Sustainability of the Agriculture, Climate and Society System in China: Based on the PLE Analysis Framework". Land 12, nr 3 (5.03.2023): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12030617.
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Nowadays, frequent climate extremes exert a serious impact on agricultural production and social development, which is seldom studied in the previous literature. Production–Living–Ecological (PLE) is a useful analysis framework, and China is a suitable model for such study. This paper takes the Huai River Eco-Economic Belt (HREB), an important agricultural zone in China, to study the relationship among agricultural production (P), society (L), and climate change (E), which is referred to as APLE. This paper constructs a coupled coordination evaluation index system for the APLE system and uses coupling coordination degree models and geographic detector to study the spatial and temporal evolution of the coordinated development of 34 counties (cities) in the HREB from 2009 to 2018. The results show the following: (1) The development of the agricultural subsystem and the social subsystem formed a “scissors difference” from 2009 to 2014, and the three subsystems showed a slight upward trend during 2014–2018. (2) The coupling and coordinated development of the APLE system in the HREB was generally stable, and the coupling coordination degree was improved from low-grade and slightly uncoordinated to barely and primarily coordinated. Furthermore, the spatial differentiation of the coupling coordination degree shows a clear pattern of being high in the southeast and low in the northwest. (3) The main influencing factors are the drought and flood protection rate, the effective irrigation rate, the per capita electricity consumption in agriculture, the number of beds in healthcare facilities per 10,000 people, the per capita disposable income of urban residents, the annual average temperature, and the annual precipitation. (4) The spatial–temporal evolution of the coupling and coordinated development of the APLE system is the result of the comprehensive effect of internal driving forces such as food security, the consumption level of rural residents, and the development level of urbanization construction, and external driving forces such as government public welfare and natural conditions.
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Iagodzinska, Anna. "Rational use of land resources in the production of organic products". Modern Economics 22, nr 1 (27.08.2020): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v22(2020)-21.
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The national interests of the state are to ensure socio-economic development based on the efficient and rational use, protection and reproduction of land resources in the production of organic products, as well as maintaining a healthy environment. This determines the urgency of harmonizing national policies in the field of reorganization, modernization and development sectors of the economy, and in the provision of services with policies on environmental protection, rational use of natural resources, public health, the formation and use of mechanisms to address these problems, taking into account the situation and the laws of a market economy. This article examines the process of agricultural production taking into account environmental factors and ensuring the rational use of land resources. The importance of soil quality indicators, as well as their impact on land use of agricultural enterprises for the production of organic products is substantiated. The optimal ecological strategy is recommended for most agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The processes of development of organic food products in Ukraine were considered, as well as the essence and meaning of the concept of “organic products”. The expediency of organic production is proved and the factors of influence of organic products on society are considered. An effective way to improve the condition of soils and lands, increase their fertility in the future. The importance of crop rotations for improving the efficiency and fertility of land resources of Ukraine has been established. Purpose. Creating a market for organic products and proposals for the rational use of land resources. Results. The essence and concept of organic products are revealed. The process of agricultural production is studied taking into account environmental factors and ensuring the rational use of land resources. The importance of soil quality indicators, as well as their impact on land use of agricultural enterprises for the production of organic products is substantiated. The optimal ecological strategy is recommended for most agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The expediency of organic production is proved and the factors of influence of organic products on society are considered. Proposals for improving the efficiency of land use, improving the condition of soils and lands, increasing their fertility in the future. The national interests of the state are revealed, which are to ensure socio-economic development based on efficient and rational use, protection and reproduction of land resources in the process of organic production, as well as maintaining a healthy environment. Conclusions. The urgency of creating a market for organic products and improving the efficiency of land use and creating sustainable systems of organic production that contribute to the preservation of ecosystems and gradually improve soil quality, which is an integral part of environmental and economic policy, which ensures rational use, protection and management of land resources , is important. In this context, the organization of rational and efficient land use includes creating the best conditions for organic production, reproduction and protection of soil fertility, increasing its role in agricultural production, scientifically sound interaction of soils with other natural factors, ensuring the development of the most complete and correct criteria, methods and techniques. Scientifically substantiated alternation of crops and vapors in time and territory or only in time (rotation) in advance according to a defined plan, and is accompanied by an appropriate tillage system. Thanks to the crop rotation system – a systematic increase in yield, provides the largest production of agricultural products per unit area with the lowest financial costs and labor, and ensures the rational use of land resources in the production of organic products.