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Moghe, Pratik, i Dr Jyoti Zirmire. "A STUDY ON ARRIVALS AND PRICES OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AT LARGEST APMC IN VIDARBHA REGION". International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 09, nr 02 (2023): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2023.9207.
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The present Research Article, "A Study on Arrivals and Prices of Major Agricultural Commodities at Largest APMC in Vidarbha Region" therefore, is a small attempt in reviewing the performance of the Regulated market by Analysing the trends in Arrivals and Prices and Marketing Channel of Major Commodities at the micro-level. This study, thus by way of evaluates the performance of market regulation through various dimensions. Chhatrapati Shivaji Market Yard, Hinganghat is on the forefront in business activities and on developmental aspects. The Hinganghat APMC has been ideally outlined on an area of 10.03 ha. The market provides all essential amenities to farmers and trader’s viz., auction platform, shopcum-godown, weighbridge, city bus service terminus. The market has spacious auction platforms, sale halls, parking space. It has built commercial shops. The Hinganghat APMC has 2 sub-markets with all amenities. The APMC is famous for Cotton and Soybean marketing. The main sources of income were market and license fees and the expenditure items were salary and miscellaneous. Market committee follows sale of produce by open auction method only which is prescribed in the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1963. The declining trend was observed in number of market functionaries over the study period. It is noticed that although trend of arrivals of some commodities viz., Cotton, Soybean and Gram was increasing but the prices of all the selected commodities showed the significant increasing trend during the period of 10 years i.e., 2012-13 to 2021-22. Further, it is observed that prices were more dependable upon lagged year prices in case of all commodities.
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Bhutta, Ehsan. "THE NEED FOR TRANSFORMING AGRICULTURE PRODUCE MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN". Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 56, nr 03 (1.07.2019): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/19.8110.
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The evolution of high-yielding varieties of seeds, increasing use of fertilizers, pesticides, installation of tube-wells and mechanization has increased the agricultural productivity (AP). An efficient agricultural marketing (AM) system increases the growth of agri-business and improves the economic growth. More recently, research has shown that agriculture growth cannot be realized without well- functioning agricultural produce markets (APMs).In Pakistan, however, development of APMs largely remained neglected because of overriding emphasis of public policies on enhancing AP. Consequently, APMs could not be developed adequately and imperfections in the legal structure, management and operations of these markets have limited their performance. A survey was conducted in nine districts of the Punjab province having interviews with staff of market committees (MCs-90), commission-agents (CAs-90), whole-sellers (WS-90) and retailers (RT-90). The results reflect that there is an urgent need for amending legal and institutional mechanism for making APMs efficient. The study will help academia and policy makers to improve efficiency of APMs in the province
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Singh, Lovepreet, i Mini Goyal. "Status of national agriculture market (eNAM) in Punjab". INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, nr 2 (15.09.2020): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/118-126.
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National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which was introduced by the government of India in 585 Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs) in 16 states and two Union Territories (UTs) till 31st March 2018. The mission of eNAM is to integrate all the APMCs across the country through common online platform to facilitate farmers so that they can earn high income by selling their produce anywhere in the country. There was slow but definite increase in the adoption of eNAM by the stakeholders in India as well as in Punjab. Still about 12 per cent of total APMCs of Punjab has been integrated with eNAM. Since the implementation of eNAM in Punjab total seven commodities viz., potato, Basmati, maize, kinnow, Moong dal, cotton and green peas are traded through it. So far more than two lakh farmers, nearly 1400 traders and 5000 plus commission agents registered with portal have traded commodities worth Rs. 3686 crore involving 12.61 lakh tone of agriculture produce. The government of Punjab is on the right direction by implementing the policy of “One Nation One Market” for agricultural produce because both the quantity and value of trade is increased during the year 2019-20 as compared to 2018-19. It certainly helps in strengthens the existing system of agriculture marketing.
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Sharan, Girja, i Sandeep Kayastha. "A System Dynamic Study of Apple Movement from Orchards to Wholesale Market". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 22, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919970105.
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This paper presents a simulation model of fruit movement from orchards in Himachal Pradesh to the market of Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) in Delhi. Daily arrivals in Delhi as predicted by the model are compared with the data on actual arrivals from records maintained at APMC. The comparisons appear satisfactory. The results suggest that the system dynamic modelling approach is promising and, with some refinement, can provide an analytical support for those engaged in formulation of policies to improve the post-harvest systems of fruit industry.
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Argade, Aashish, Arnab Kumar Laha i Anand Kumar Jaiswal. "Connecting Smallholders’ Marketplace Decisions to Agricultural Market Reform Policy in India – An Empirical Exploration". Journal of Macromarketing 41, nr 3 (3.03.2021): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146721997885.
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Governments in developing countries have attempted to reform inefficient agricultural markets through direct interventions, market-oriented approaches, and institutional mechanisms, with one of the aims being improving the lot of smallholder farmers. However, such interventions often fell short of yielding desired results, perhaps because broad macro objectives failed to take into account micro-level processes. This study examines smallholder farmers’ market selection decisions and attempts to establish if these have a bearing on legislative goals of agricultural marketing reforms. Analysis of survey data using binary logistic regression, reveals that farmers choose between two prominent marketplaces – APMC and farm gate – on the basis of factors such as perishability of produce, quality testing infrastructure at the marketplace, and services provided by buyers such as grading and sorting or transportation. Findings are reinforced by an extended part of the study where farmers ranked assumptive marketplace scenarios developed by incorporating different marketplace features. Results demonstrate the possibility of enabling systemic changes in agricultural markets by catering to grassroots decision mechanisms. Implications for policy and relevant players engaged in agricultural markets are discussed.
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Das, Dipankar. "Multilayer of Suppliers Fixed Costs and Spatial Competition in the Upstream Market as a Source of Retailers Buying Power". Studies in Microeconomics 7, nr 2 (1.04.2019): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022218820439.
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The present study is in the context of the new Model Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act 2003, which aims at freedom of farmers to sell their products to the large private firms and bringing reforms in the wholesale ‘cash and carry’ and retail markets in India. The most important suggestions have remarked in the Economic survey 2014–2015 and outlined that state governments should be specially persuaded by the central government to provide policy support for alternative or special markets in the large private sector. Many states, including West Bengal, accepted the proposal and had opened the market for agricultural commodities for the large private sector. In this paper, we study a model of vertical restraints in the case of small farmers in West Bengal, India considering multilayer of fixed costs and monopoly power of the small as well as large traders in the vertical structure. JEL: D8, D43, L13
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Kannan, Elumalai, i Sanjib Pohit. "Agricultural Growth Diagnostics: Identifying the Binding Constraints and Policy Remedies for Bihar, India". Review of Development and Change 26, nr 2 (grudzień 2021): 207–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722661211064394.
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Agriculture plays a significant role in economic development of underdeveloped regions. Multiple factors influence the performance of agricultural sector but a few of these have a strong bearing on its growth. This study develops a growth diagnostics framework for agricultural sector in Bihar, located in eastern India, to identify the most binding constraints. The study results show that poor functioning of agricultural markets and low-level of crop diversification are the important reasons for low agricultural growth in Bihar. Rise in price instability of agricultural produces indicates a weak price transmission across the markets even after repealing the Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act. Poor market linkages and non-functioning producer collectives at village-level affect the farmers’ motivation for undertaking crop diversification. Hence, policy suggestions to overcome these binding constraints include the state provisioning of basic market infrastructure to attract private investment in agricultural marketing, strengthening the Farmer Producer Organisations, and framing a comprehensive policy on crop diversification.
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Pardhi, Ravishankar, Rakesh Singh i Ranjit Kumar Paul. "Price Forecasting of Mango in Varanasi Market of Uttar Pradesh". Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, nr 2 (30.06.2018): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.12.
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The study had been made to forecast the price of mango using ARIMA model in one of the major markets of Uttar Pradesh as the state ranks first position in production of mango in India. Varanasi market was selected purposively on the basis of second highest arrival market of mango in the state. Using ARIMA methodology on the monthly prices of mango collected from the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC), Varanasi for the year 1993 to 2015. As the mango fruit having property of alternate bearing, only six month data from March to August was available in the market and accordingly had been used for forecasting analysis using E-views 7 software. The results revealed that the price in selected market was found to be highest during the start of the season using ARIMA (1,0,6) model, confirming the validity of model through Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The MAPE was found to be less than 10 per cent for one step ahead forecast of year 2015. Forecasted price for the month of March was almost double than the price of other months. It indicates the necessity of adopting pre and post harvest management technologies for getting the benefit over increase in prices.
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Prasanna Kumar, Niharika. "Modeling the Impact of Covid-19 on the Farm Produce Availability and Pricing in India". Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 17 (2022): 035–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4897.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to analyze the availability and pricing of perishable farm produce before and during the lockdown restrictions imposed due to Covid-19. This paper also proposes machine learning and deep learning models to help the farmers decide on an appropriate market to sell their farm produce and get a fair price for their product. Background: Developing countries like India have regulated agricultural markets governed by country-specific protective laws like the Essential Commodities Act and the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) Act. These regulations restrict the sale of agricultural produce to a predefined set of local markets. Covid-19 pandemic led to a lockdown during the first half of 2020 which resulted in supply disruption and demand-supply mismatch of agricultural commodities at these local markets. These demand-supply dynamics led to disruptions in the pricing of the farm produce leading to a lower price realization for farmers. Hence it is essential to analyze the impact of this disruption on the pricing of farm produce at a granular level. Moreover, the farmers need a tool that guides them with the most suitable market/city/town to sell their farm produce to get a fair price. Methodology: One hundred and fifty thousand samples from the agricultural dataset, released by the Government of India, were used to perform statistical analysis and identify the supply disruptions as well as price disruptions of perishable agricultural produce. In addition, more than seventeen thousand samples were used to implement and train machine learning and deep learning models that can predict and guide the farmers about the appropriate market to sell their farm produce. In essence, the paper uses descriptive analytics to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural produce pricing. The paper explores the usage of prescriptive analytics to recommend an appropriate market to sell agricultural produce. Contribution: Five machine learning models based on Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting, and three deep learning models based on Artificial Neural Networks were implemented. The performance of these models was compared using metrics like Precision, Recall, Accuracy, and F1-Score. Findings: Among the five classification models, the Gradient Boosting classifier was the optimal classifier that achieved precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score of 99%. Out of the three deep learning models, the Adam optimizer-based deep neural network achieved precision, recall, accuracy, and F1 score of 99%. Recommendations for Practitioners: Gradient boosting technique and Adam-based deep learning model should be the preferred choice for analyzing agricultural pricing-related problems. Recommendation for Researchers: Ensemble learning techniques like Random Forest and Gradient boosting perform better than non-Ensemble classification techniques. Hyperparameter tuning is an essential step in developing these models and it improves the performance of the model. Impact on Society: Statistical analysis of the data revealed the true nature of demand and supply and price disruption. This analysis helps to assess the revenue impact borne by the farmers due to Covid-19. The machine learning and deep learning models help the farmers to get a better price for their crops. Though the da-taset used in this paper is related to India, the outcome of this research work applies to many developing countries that have similar regulated markets. Hence farmers from developing countries across the world can benefit from the outcome of this research work. Future Research: The machine learning and deep learning models were implemented and tested for markets in and around Bangalore. The model can be expanded to cover other markets within India.
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Ashokkumar, K., Gurunath Reddy Bairi i Sudheer Babu Are. "Agriculture E-Commerce for Increasing Revenue of Farmers Using Cloud and Web Technologies". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, nr 8 (1.08.2019): 3187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8158.
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The main intent of this survey is to develop a agriculture marketing system to assist in the sale and management of production for the farmer. The development of agriculture has been on under development for the few years due to dearth of proper trading system for selling the harvest to the benefit of the farmer, for the Indian farmers it has become at ragedy over the market to get good price for their produce due to the dearth of information and the involvement of broker within the Agricultural turn out Market Committee. The main aim of this paper is to provide online web platform for poultry and agriculture farmers, where they can sell daily produced goods directly from their field location or from home itself without going else where even to the market. The produce that is brought from farmers will be available for customers who can buy vegetables, fruits, eggs, etc. online which will be home delivered to them.
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Upale Pratap Kumar, P., i N. Lokhande Tanaji. "The Buffalo Marketing System in Solapur Cattle Market Centre of Solapur District: A Geographical Study". Asian Review of Social Sciences 1, nr 1 (5.05.2012): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2012.1.1.1175.
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Livestock play a very important and vital role in our Indian economy. In short, livestock is the back bone of Indian agriculture. Livestock industry plays important role in creation of thousands of employment opportunities through-out the country. An effective marketing merely link sellers and buyers and react to the current situation of supply and demand. It has dynamic role in consumption, the essentials of economic development. In view of the above following are the specific objectives of the present investigation. To examine the general trade practices, To study the marketing practices and intermediaries involved in marketing of buffaloes The typical Solapur buffalo belongs to the group macrocerus like Jafrabadi, Mehsana, Nagpuri, Surti and Pandharpuri breeds are famous as good milker and known as poor man’s buffalo. As Solapur district is having a quite large population of buffaloes, almost every family in the district maintains at least a buffalo and these buffaloes play important role in improving the socio- economic condition of the farmers. Thus, it is felt necessary to probe into the marketing of buffaloes in Solapur district. Generally, traders purchased buffaloes mainly for resale those sales off within a week time in this market and other cattle market. Large number of unauthorized brokers was also reported in these markets. The study was based on the quantitative information obtained by contacting sample sellers, buyers, traders and middlemen from this market on market day in the year 2009 to 2010. Secondary data of buffalo were collected from respective Agricultural produce market committee. The data were tabulated and analyzed to work out average and percentages.
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Saxena, Ankur, Mustfa Hussain i Ashutosh Singh. "Impact of amended APMC act on apple business in Himachal Pradesh, India". Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research 51, nr 1 (28.01.2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.v51i1.7059.
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Indian agricultural marketing system is suffering from various problems viz. improper warehousing, lack of grading and packaging, inadequate transport facilities, presence of large number of middlemen, malpractices of traders, inadequate market information and insufficient funds etc. Long chain of middlemen decrease the producer’s share in consumer rupee and exploit the farmer. Though Agricultural Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs) under the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Act, 1964 control and regulate buying and selling operations at all regulated agriculture marketing yards but there are lot of inefficiencies involved in practices of APMCs. However amended APMC Act prevents anticompetitive practices. There is no compulsion on the producer to sell their produce in APMC market yards, producer are quite free to sell directly to private companies or private market yards or farmers-consumer market under amended APMC Act. The present Study has analysed awareness and perception of apple growers regarding amended APMC Act. Two districts of Himachal Pradesh viz. Shimla and Kullu were selected on the basis of highest apple production. Apple growers were divided in two groups viz. Group 1 (growers who follow traditional supply chain) and Group 2 (growers who follow traditional and modern supply chain both).
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"Marketing Agricultural Output with the help of ICT- A Research of Chickballapur District of Karnataka". International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, nr 4S (10.03.2020): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d1017.0394s20.
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Research was conducted in Gauribidanur Taluk of Chickballapur District. According to 2011 census the total population of Gauribidanur was 80,673, Agriculture plays a prominent role here. Maize, ragi, coconut, sunflower, silkworm are the main crops. Karnataka is considered as the role model for agricultural products marketing. The use of technology to market agricultural products is seen as the most formidable measures by the government. The Karnataka government has implemented Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) in the state through an act of APMC Model Act 2003. The state has 161 APMCs to help the farmers. The online sale of agricultural products was a great hit among the farmers, the state government introduced the -Unified Market Platform (UMP) which integrated the APMCs to form a strong structure and a centralized mechanism to sell the farmer’s produce. The idea of “My Product My Price” is being promoted to ensure that farmers go on-line. Karnataka makes its agricultural market digital with Unified Market Platform. 103 APMCs have been integrated into the UMP system. 39 lakh farmers are registered under UMP, & 18,000 commission agents. Two objectives and two hypotheses have been picked up from the thesis and presented in a form of paper. Questionnaire was drafted to collect and analyze the data. Data was analyzed at three levels Macro Perspective-Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, Micro Perspective- ANOVA, Focused Path Analysis. (Thesis title: “Determinants for Adoption of ICT for Marketing Agricultural Output: An Analytical Study”)
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Ghosh, Madhusudan. "Institutional Reforms and Spatial Efficiency in Agricultural Supply Chains in India". Journal of Asian and African Studies, 15.12.2022, 002190962211431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219096221143128.
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This paper reviews the institutional reforms in agricultural commodity markets in India and examines their implications for spatial efficiency in supply chains of the markets. In order to remove inefficiencies in the traditional supply chain, the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act was revised, and a Model APMC Act 2003 was introduced with the provisions for establishing private markets/yards, direct purchase centres, farmers markets for direct sale, contract farming and promotion of public–private partnership in the management and development of agricultural markets. Initiative has been taken to set up a National Agricultural Market as an all-India electronic trading portal to develop a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. The institutional reforms in agricultural marketing system since the early 1990s appear to have contributed towards improving the spatial efficiency in rice and wheat markets. The finding of an increase in the extent of spatial integration of markets after the reforms and the tendency of the prices to move towards a common stochastic trend lend support to the idea of setting up a ‘common national market’ for agricultural commodities. Further reforms in the marketing system with better infrastructure facilities would strengthen market integration and improve efficiency in the supply chains. JEL classification: O13, Q13, Q18.
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Mujrai, Prasanta. "Agriculture Bill 2020: An Apolitical Analysis". International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, 3.05.2021, 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-1090.
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The government recently passed a bill. Outside of the physical boundaries of each state's APMC markets, it enables intra-state and multi-state exchanges of agricultural products. Only under exceptional circumstances does the federal government have the authority to control the supply of specific foods. The following are the goals of APMCs: To control the sale of agricultural products. Agriculture marketing development is restricted by APMCs in the following ways: By limiting the number of people who are allowed to purchase. The growth of private markets is stifled. The practice of selling directly to companies and retail customers is being phased out. Promoting online purchases is not a good idea. Market yards' specific properties are governed by trade committees established under state APMC Acts. This Ordinance mandates that farmers' produce be sold both intra-state and inter-state. State governments do not allow market fees, cess, or levies in the form of additional taxes. In exceptional circumstances, the central government can use this Ordinance to control the supply of cereals, pulses, potatoes, onions, edible oilseeds, and oils. Farmers struggled to defend MSPs, or minimum support rates, which they believed would be impacted by the new legislation. Just 6% of the farming community sell their goods at MSP prices, according to statistics. Since agriculture is on the State List, the Central will be unable to pass any legislation in this region. Punjab and Rajasthan are considering taking legal action to extend their APMC mandi yards' boundaries. The lost revenue from mandi fees and taxes is also a problem for states.
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Vanshika, Ms, Ms Sanjana i Pawan Harsana. "Minimum Support Price Conundrum and Sustainable Farming: A study of the impact of the socio-economic factors on sustainable agriculture". Vantage: Journal of Thematic Analysis, 30.04.2022, 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52253/vjta.2022.v03i01.07.
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The underlying objective for the discussions highlighted in the paper is to establish an interrelation between Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC), Minimum Support Price (MSP) and the socio-economic factors of the farmers as well as to highlight how removing the financial safety net of the farmers would negatively impact their motivations, further dwindling their usage of sustainable means of agriculture. This paper begins by tracing the historical development of farmers in the colonial and post-colonial periods. It moves on to focusing on how the Agriculture Produce Market Committee (APMC) was formed in India, why there was a need to introduce Minimum Support Price (MSP) and how the both of them are connected to farmers. It further discusses the lesser-known socio-economic factors like caste, class, gender, economic affairs that have implications on sustainable agricultural practices and the social relationships among farmers. It also talks about how the government made multiple attempts to improve farmers‟ conditions; like introducing contract farming which was tried, tested and failed in many states. Furthermore, the paper attempts to find out the comparative analysis between the farmers and the government perceptions on the new Farm Bills, 2020.
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Das, Dipankar, i Sanjeev Kapoor. "Measurement of Collusion in Open Ascending Price Auctions in Agricultural Commodity Markets". Studies in Microeconomics, 23.11.2021, 232102222110514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23210222211051443.
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This paper derives a method of measuring the degree of collusion among the bidders in an open ascending repetitive price auction in agricultural commodity markets in India. This paper first derives the bidders’ behaviour’s theoretical structure and then a measure of collusion formation. Finally, the degree of the cartel has been computed using time series wholesale price data of potato and onion crops. This research’s findings are helpful for the study of the link between the supply of the agriculture commodity and the degree of collusion. Using the proposed method in this research, if the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) measures cartel for each market and publish periodically, it will help farmers choose the right market to sell the produce. The farmers would select the market where the degree of collusion is relatively lower. Identifying different small cartel groups at different times with respective to the supply of the agriculture commodity would help avoid the incidence of distress selling by farmers, which is the main hindrance in developing the farming community in India. JEL Classification: C7,D44,L1,L4,Q1
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Gill, Sucha Singh. "New Farm Acts and Emerging Market Forms: Implications for Farmers". Millennial Asia, 3.08.2021, 097639962110308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09763996211030884.
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This article examines the implications of new farm laws enacted by the Government of India in 2020 on farming and farmers. There are divergent opinions of experts and of the Government of India and the farmers’ unions on the expected benefits/losses to farmers. This article seeks guidance from economic theory on determination of prices of inputs and outputs under different market forms. The farm laws raise concerns about their potential to alter the organizational forms of production, marketing and storage of agricultural produce involving big private corporate agencies leading to changes in the market forms for determining prices and output level. These issues need to be examined in the context of emerging monopsony/oligopsony market forms, agricultural produce markets and final consumer level food markets. The discussion is supplemented by empirical evidence from the United States on the impact of similar laws in the 1980s on small farmers, together with limited evidence on the abolition of APMC market regulation in Bihar in 2006, so as to draw some lessons for reforms and their implications of future of farming and farmers in India.