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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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Oliynyk-Dunn, Olena. "Financial System and Agricultural Growth in Ukraine". Organizacija 50, nr 3 (1.08.2017): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0016.
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Abstract Background/Purpose: An effective financial system should increase the efficiency of economic activities. This study provides evidence regarding the importance of financial development for agricultural growth in Ukraine. Methodology: We used non-integrated and integral indicators, time series and regression analysis to investigate the link between the financial development and agricultural growth. Results: The results based on integral indicators shows that the financial development does not affect agricultural growth in Ukraine. The study based on non-integrated indicators, which characterizes various aspects of the financial system’s banking component and agricultural growth, provided a significant link between the financial system and agriculture growth. The regression models revealed if bank deposits to GDP (%) increases the value added per worker in agriculture increases exponentially. The results of the study indicate that, agriculture is more sensitive to lending changes than the vast majority of other sectors of the economy. The increasing lending of one UAH (Ukrainian hryvnia) resulted in retail turnover growth of 1.62 UAH, while agricultural gross output, growth was UAH 5.06. Conclusion: Our results reveal a positive relationship between financial system’s banking component and agriculture growth in Ukraine. The results indicate the necessity for continued research into further developing universal methodological approaches of appraising the nexus of the financial system’s banking component on agriculture growth in general as well separate farm groups. The results of our study has important implications on policy making authorities efforts to stimulate agricultural growth by improving the efficiency of the financial system’s banking component.
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Patil, Pallavi K. "Advances in Automation System for Agricultural Irrigation System". Journal of Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9, nr 1&2 (20.08.2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2454.8650.202201.
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Fertigation is most important in agriculture due to the growth of crops, and their yields depend upon it. If the ratio of fertilizer and water is either higher or lower, it produces various crises. In today’s growing technology and automation, many feasible ways can be used efficiently and anywhere with proper access. With the help of a microcontroller unit, various automatic systems like IoT, PLC system, proportional-integral-derivative, and PID with a fuzzy algorithm, the fertigation system has been implemented. With the help of sensors, this system can detect the soil moisture and water level and stops the water supply. The time can be scheduled as per the choice of the user. This system will ease the farmers to work efficiently, and more time is reduced than the time needed for human interference.
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Wasilewski, Miroslaw, Victor Adamenko i Olena Oliynyk. "Financial System and Agricultural Growth: Evidence from Poland and Ukraine". Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 15, nr 4 (31.12.2015): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2015.15.4.68.
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We built simplified models of integral indicators for the level of development of the financial system and for agricultural growth using the principles of "moderate middle way". We then used these models to compare the levels of financial system development, economic and agricultural growth, and trends of financial development and agricultural growth, in Poland and Ukraine. We used the integral indicators and econometric methodologies to assess the relationship between financial development and agricultural growth in both countries. The results of the study revealed the absence of a statistical relationship between integral indicators of financial system development and agricultural growth in Poland and Ukraine. We can ascertain the presence of arguments regarding the existence of the impact of the banking component of the financial system on agriculture in these countries. The regression models showed significant directly proportional relationships between certain aspects of agriculture and some components of the banking sector (resources and effectiveness).
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Tripathi, Amarnath, i A. R. Prasad. "Agricultural Productivity Growth in India". Journal of Global Economy 4, nr 4 (31.12.2008): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v4i4.113.
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The case of Indian agricultural performance was impressive. The food production and increases in productivity are essential for meeting the growing demands for food in the future. There is widespread opinion that this growing demand can be met by increased use of inputs or increases in agricultural productivity. Productivity growth of agriculture in India over the past four decades was the result of a combination of factors such as new incentives to farmers offered by the government who considered them as autonomous economic agents, and physical factors such as land, labour, capital (in the form of machines, working animals, irrigation system, and so on), and intermediate inputs such as fertilizer. Indian agricultural growth has been less dependent on the conventional inputs of capital. Capital was computed as the sum of the value of agricultural machinery, farm equipment and tools, transport equipment in farm business, land improvements, investments in private and public irrigation, and farm houses in Indian agriculture. As the growth of agriculture increases the importance of conventional inputs of capital becomes lesser in comparison to modern inputs of capital. Since mid 1960s, a package of modern inputs of capital such as high yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, tractor etc. has been continuously used with increasing trend in Indian agriculture. This was main cause of the remarkable growth in output of agriculture during 1970s and 1980s decades. This paper is aimed at analyzing the impact of some production variables (input) on agricultural productivity growth (output) in Indian agriculture from 1969-70 to 2005-06. The question here is whether or not these different variables have an impact on agricultural production.
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Budi Tjahjono, Kundang Karsono i Lista Meria. "Development of Precission Farming Hydropoonic Model Based On Internet of Things Using Arduino". International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, nr 6 (29.11.2021): 1946–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i6.392.
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Agricultural land in urban areas was needed for community food security. Narrow agricultural land posed obstacles in the implementation of urban agriculture. Hydroponi is a solution for agricultureal development on narrow land. Precesion farming was needed to maintain plant growth. Hydroponic system required regulation of air and water temperature, humidity, water level, pH, water nutrient. This study used SDLC methodology. The result of this research is an automatic hydroponic implementation that can monitor and control an Internet of Things based hydroponic system using Arduino.
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Wu, Guoyong, Noman Riaz i Waseem Akram. "UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL WATER AND ECONOMIC GROWTH". Food and Agri Economics Review 2, nr 1 (2022): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2022.18.21.
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South Asia region has the largest agricultural land area and has the largest irrigated system for agriculture – abstracts groundwater for irrigation purposes. The world is facing water scarcity issues and South Asia is also facing the water-stressed due to high population growth. This study tried to examine the impact of water utilization in the agriculture sector and examined the agriculture sector impact on economic growth in South Asian countries. Water utilization means growth in the agriculture sector and it may cause an increase in economic growth. The study used data from South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives) from 2001 to 2018. Data has been observed through graphical representation to understand the relationship of variables of interest. The results of the research showed that the utilization of water in analyzed countries is one of the reasons for the development of agriculture. Moreover, the development of agriculture may, among other factors, positively affect economic growth. In all the South Asian countries, utilization of water is not efficient some countries utilized the maximum amount of water and get more agricultural growth. Some countries utilized the minimum amount of water and got less agriculture growth. Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka utilized a large amount of water and got more agricultural growth. Afghanistan, Nepal and Bangladesh utilized less amount of water and got less agriculture growth. So, this is not an efficient way of getting agricultural output. Due to old techniques of agriculture production in South Asia, it causes the wastage of water. The developed countries use less input and get more outputs because of this modern era of technology. Also, results revealed that agriculture growth has a positive impact on economic growth for all these countries such as Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal and Bangladesh. It means South Asian countries are agricultural base countries.
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Ren, Zhengyu, Hsing Hung Chen, Kunseng Lao i Hongyi Zhang. "A Decision Support System to Estimate Green Sustainability from Environmental Protection and Debt Financing Indicators". Agriculture 12, nr 8 (18.08.2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081249.
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In the social context of advocating a low-carbon economy, achieving sustainable growth in line with current social development requirements is an issue that agribusiness must face. In order to explore the mechanisms influencing the sustainable growth of Chinese agriculture and to optimize the quality of agribusiness decisions, this paper examines the relationship between environmental management, debt financing indicators, and financial sustainable growth of the company in Chinese agriculture. Specifically, a decision support system based on the least square dummy variable (LSDV) model, mediating effects model and threshold effects model was constructed by using annual financial reports and questionnaire data of the listed agricultural enterprises. After empirical analysis, the following results were obtained: first, both environmental management and debt financing management help Chinese agricultural firms achieve financially sustainable growth. Second, debt financing can transmit the effect of environmental management on financially sustainable growth. Third, there are significant differences in the effects of debt financing on financially sustainable growth under different environmental management conditions. Finally, in order to promote the development of Chinese agriculture, this paper suggests that agricultural enterprises should actively implement environmental management and that relevant Chinese authorities should lower the financing threshold of the agricultural industry, while ensuring risk regulation.
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Liu, Yue, Mei Xia Yang, Zhao Zhen Wang, Meng Li i Hui Chen. "Research of Water Shortage Information Detection System for Crop Growth". Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (sierpień 2013): 996–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.996.
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Precision irrigation is an important subsystem of precision agriculture, which is helpful to improve the water utilization of agricultural irrigation, so as to achieve the purpose of water conservation. For the issues of crop water shortage information timely and accurately, it designed and implemented a water shortage information detection system in the growth of crop based on canopy temperature and environmental factors. The system used the STM32 processor as the core, configured a variety of sensors, acquired and processed crop canopy temperature and various kinds of crops micro-environment information, obtained crop water shortage information through crop water stress index (CWSI), so as to guide the agricultural irrigation. The test proves that the system is working in good condition, can be effective for data acquisition and processing, so as to achieve the design requirements.
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Herasymenko, Alina. "THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF MOTIVATION ON LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE EFFECTIVE AGRIBUSINESS SYSTEM". Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 1, nr 48 (28.02.2023): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.48.2023.3980.
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The article examines the impact of labor productivity on the development of agriculture. It was established that labor productivity is the main lever for creating additional value and a source of economic growth of agricultural production. An assessment of the achieved level of labor productivity in the agriculture of Ukraine was carried out on the basis of economic and statistical analysis. The monitoring of wage dynamics as the main socioeconomic factor of increasing the productivity of agricultural labor was carried out. A comparative analysis of the rate of increase in labor productivity and the rate of growth of its payment was done. The obtained results made it possible to reveal the presence of disproportions in the agrarian sphere of Ukraine between these indicators. A comparative assessment of the level of labor productivity in domestic agriculture and EU countries proved that the rate of growth of agricultural labor productivity in Ukraine is significantly behind the average European indicators. A set of socio-economic motivators for increasing labor productivity in agricultural production is substantiated on the basis of the research results. It was established that remuneration systems for hired labor remain the main socioeconomic factor stimulating the growth of labor productivity in agrarian business. At the same time, a set of socio-economic motivators, which, in addition to wages, can be effective in stimulating the growth of agricultural labor productivity has been determined. Among the key motivators, the following ones are proposed for use in the modern HR policy of agrarian formations: opportunities for professional development of personnel, opportunities for employees to influence making important management decisions, increasing the prestige of agricultural work, appreciation and self-realization of workers. It was determined that the principles of sustainable development and the elimination of inclusive gaps in the industry should be an important prerequisite for increasing labor productivity in the agricultural economy of Ukraine.
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Herath, Janaranjana, i David Hill. "Harnessing Agricultural Potentials for Economic Growth in North Carolina". Sustainable Agriculture Research 2, nr 2 (5.03.2013): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v2n2p142.
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Agriculture in North Carolina contributes to 19 percent of the state’s income and employs over 20 percent of the work force. Agricultural activities are significant in rural counties and nearly 30 percent of the total population of North Carolina lives in 85 rural counties. Individuals in these rural counties have less income, education, and employment opportunities eventually in high poverty and unemployment rates. The objective of this study is to examine the potential use of agriculture in economic growth of North Carolina using county level data. Data were gathered from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and U.S. Census Bureau for the period of 2000 to 2010. A system of simultaneous equations is used for the analysis. Results highlight that increasing income increases agricultural activities and vise versa. Thus, the counties with high household income levels are more capable of incorporating agriculture in economic growth while the counties with significant agricultural activities are more competent of improving income levels. Overall, results conclude the importance of secured satisfactory level of income through agriculture to enhance economic growth.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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Yen, Meng-Fen Yen. "Three Essays on International Trade, Market Structure, and Agricultural Cooperatives". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1502465536450035.
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Campeão, Patrícia. "Sistemas locais de produção agroindustrial: um modelo de competitividade". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3292.
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Previous issue date: 2004-02-27Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
This work concerns the research field on agribusiness and local development. The importance of the agribusiness in the Brazilian economy has justified the wide discussion on forms of promoting the invigoration of the sector. The technological evolution of agriculture in the world and, in particular in Brazil, has induced the accomplishment of changes in the structure and in Agro industrial operation, resulting in a new organizational dynamic based on some key factors as specialization and flexibility. Those factors have been inducing the search for forms of productive organizations that favor the increase of competitiveness under the point of view of efficiency and of productive effectiveness, that is, to offer a product in the amount and in the quality disputed, and at the right moment. On the other hand, the development of agribusiness has also been seen under another angle, other than that addressing the economic growth purely. The need to understand and to minimize the present socioeconomic disparities in the Brazilian territory, has been guiding actions of development of agribusiness in the sense of seeking the satisfaction of economic and social factors present in each territory. For such, the social and cultural characteristics start to have greater influence in the detailing of actions of economical invigoration of a given territory. Thus, this work seeks to investigate theoretical approaches and practical cases associated to the concept of Local System of Production, based on the organization of productive activities based on proximity economies and on the interaction logic. For such, the methodology used incorporates the method of study of multiple cases and the techniques of direct and indirect documentation, and intense direct observation. This work proposes a model of development of the competitiveness of local systems of production, especially based on agribusiness. The model identifies factors relevant to the competitiveness of these systems, resulting from the interaction between factors of organizacional, institucional and social-cultural order present in the local environment. The results extend the knowledge of the social-economical dynamics of these types of productive systems, identifying the importance of the human capital and of the institutional capital in the development of the competitiveness of the local companies, especially those which are small sized, and in the economic and social growth of the territory, under the perspective of sustainable development.
Este trabalho se insere no campo de pesquisa sobre agronegócio e desenvolvimento local. A importância do agronegócio na economia brasileira tem justificado a ampla discussão sobre formas de se promover o fortalecimento do setor. A evolução tecnológica da agricultura no mundo e, em particular no Brasil, induziu a realização de mudanças na estrutura e no funcionamento dos Sistemas Agroindustriais, resultando numa nova dinâmica organizacional baseada em alguns fatores chaves como a especialização e a flexibilidade. Esses fatores têm induzido a busca por formas de organizações produtivas que favoreçam o aumento da competitividade sob a ótica da eficiência e da eficácia produtiva, isto é, oferecer um produto na quantidade e na qualidade demandadas, e no momento certo. Por outro lado, o desenvolvimento do agronegócio também tem sido visto sob outro ângulo, além daquele direcionado puramente ao crescimento econômico. A necessidade de compreender e de minimizar as disparidades sócio-econômicas presentes no território brasileiro tem orientado ações de desenvolvimento do agronegócio no sentido de buscar a satisfação de fatores econômicos e sociais presentes num território. Para tanto, as características sociais e culturais passam a influenciar mais efetivamente no delineamento de ações de fortalecimento econômico de um dado território. Sendo assim, este trabalho procura investigar abordagens teóricas e casos práticos associados ao conceito de Sistema Local de Produção, fundamentado na organização de atividades produtivas com base nas economias de proximidade e na lógica da interação. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada incorpora o método de estudo de múltiplos casos e as técnicas de documentação direta e indireta. Este trabalho propõe um modelo de desenvolvimento da competitividade de sistemas locais de produção, especialmente calcados no agronegócio. O modelo identifica fatores relevantes à competitividade desses sistemas, decorrentes da interação entre fatores de ordem organizacional, institucional e sócio-cultural presentes no meio local. Os resultados obtidos ampliam o conhecimento da dinâmica sócio-economica desses tipos de sistema produtivo, identificando a importância do capital humano e do capital institucional no desenvolvimento da competitividade das empresas locais, notadamente as de pequenas dimensões, e no crescimento econômico e social do território, obtidos sob a ótica do desenvolvimento auto-sustentável.
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van, Buuren Rudolph B. "BUSINESS INTEGRATION AS BASIS FOR GROWTH IN SMALL AND MEDIUM AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES". Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/506.
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Published ArticleIncreased diversity in the agricultural sector in South Africa is forcing farmers to focus on the production of value-added commodities in the face of mounting global competitive pressures. However, many farmers, by operating individually, are unable to expand operations to the scale necessary to become involved in value-adding processing. This requires too much capital, skills, and time. By pooling resources and forming integrated small and medium sized agricultural enterprises even small producers can enter the processing arena successfully. This paper focuses on the specific driving forces, pitfalls and strategies that agricultural SMEs need to pursue in order to survive.
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Lowman, James Scott. "Utilizing Beneficial Bacterial Endophytes to Promote Switchgrass Growth in Low- input Agricultural Production Systems". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56480.
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The US Department of Energy has focused research efforts on developing switchgrass into a bioenergy feedstock, helping to offset the use of non-renewable fossil fuels and make the US more energy independent. Bacterial endophytes, which reside inside plant tissues, are proven to increase yield and stress resistance in a number of plants. The primary objective of this dissertation was to explore the use of endophytes to improve biomass yields of switchgrass on lands not suitable for food crops and better understand the underlying mechanisms of the plant-endophyte interaction. Integration of this research into K-12 STEM education to increase interest in plant sciences and create the next generation of scientists with the motivation to help solve the challenges facing society in the twenty first century was the objective of the outreach component of this project. Chapter one demonstrates the ability of Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN to colonize switchgrass and promote plant growth under in vitro (approximately 50% higher), and growth chamber and greenhouse (48.6% higher biomass yields) conditions. The objectives of Chapter two were to determine stand establishment in the field with different nutrient levels. PsJN bacterization positively benefited growth and development of switchgrass seedlings in the field with both low and high nutrient content. Highly significant (p<0.001) stimulation of root and shoot growth, lateral root formation and number of tillers was recorded on soil with low fertility. PsJN bacterization also enhanced biomass accumulation during the two seasons of growth on both poor (p<0.001) and rich (p<0.05) soil, indicating the potential for the use of PsJN in a low-input switchgrass feedstock production system. Chapter three outlines differences in gene expression patterns upon bacterization, between the responsive cv. Alamo, and a non-responsive cv. Cave-in-Rock. Using EST microarrays and quantitative PCR up- and down-regulated genes were identified in both cultivars. One of the key genes identified was a member of the tau class, glutathione S-transferase (GST). GST enzymes are known to be involved in plants responses to stress. Using overexpression and knockout/knockdown techniques we demonstrated that GST is likely involved in the bacterization induced early plant growth promotion in switchgrass. Chapter four describes the potential for the utilization of beneficial bacterial endophytes capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in a free-living state in the development of low-input switchgrass feedstock production systems. Sphingomonas sp. strain NSL isolated from switchgrass tissue was able to grow on nitrogen free medium and stimulated growth of switchgrass cv. Alamo under nitrogen deficient conditions. The ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen was also moved to Burkholderia phytofirmans strain PsJN via horizontal gene transfer from the legume nodulating Burkholderia phymatum. The transformed PsJN was able to fix nitrogen and promote plant growth under nitrogen limited conditions. At every step of the research described in this dissertation efforts were made to include its elements into K-12 education. Chapter five describes four case studies aiming at the enhancement of youth interest in plant sciences in the socieoeconomically depressed areas of Southside Virginia.Ph. D.
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Araujo, João Paulo Campos de. "Influência de sistemas de manejo na produção e nas reservas de pessegueiro precoce (Prunus pérsica (L.) Batsch.) cultivado em clima tropical". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-25042005-153619/.
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A precocidade de maturação é o principal fator de sucesso econômico do persicultor paulista, em vista desse fato existe uma demanda muito grande por novas técnicas que possibilitem a melhoria da qualidade dos frutos e uma maior precocidade na colheita. Este trabalho visa verificar a influência dos sistemas de podas e manutenção das folhas após a colheita nas reservas de carboidratos não estruturados em ramos e raízes do pessegueiro da cultivar Flordaprince,verificar a produção dessas plantas e a qualidade dos frutos em função das reservase verificar a eficiência do uso do regulador vegetal 2,4-DP (ácido diclofenoxipropiônico), em função das reservas de carboidratos solúveis existentes nas plantas, bem como seu possível efeito na qualidade dos frutos obtidos. O trabalho conduzido na Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, em Piracicaba. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, constando de 9 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por 4 plantas. Os dados foram submetidos as análises de variância e à comparação das médias pelo Teste de Tukey. O espaçamento adotado foi de 3,0 X 1,2 metros, correspondendo a 2777 plantas ha-1. As plantas foram conduzidas em sistema líder central, e todas receberam as práticas de irrigação, nutrição, quebra de dormência, tratamento fitossanitários, desbrotas, normalmente utilizadas. As podas foram realizadas logo após a colheita, no final de agosto de 2003, quando da ocasião da instalação do experimento. Foram coletadas amostras de raízes e ramos,que foram trituradas, secas em estufas, moídas e submetidas à análise de laboratório. Verificou-se os teores de carboidratos solúveis totais no ramo e na raiz das plantas de pessegueiro. O crescimento dos frutos apresentou a forma de uma curva sigmóide dupla. O tratamento onde não ocorreu desfolha de verão apresentou maior produção de frutos, e maior número de frutos por planta. A aplicação do regulador vegetal 2,4-DP não promoveu aumento significativo nas dimensões dos frutos, causou ainda uma queda no teor de sólidos solúveis e promoveu uma melhora na coloração dos frutos, tanto na face exposta como no fundo do fruto. Ocorreu ainda uma antecipação na colheita em cerda de 7 dias devido a aplicação do regulador vegetal. A concentração de carboidratos solúveis nas raízes e nos ramos flutuou de acordo com a época em que foram coletados, dentro do ciclo da planta, e a concentração nas raízes foi sempre superior àquela encontrada nos ramos. A poda de renovação causou uma queda na produção e um número menor de frutos por planta.The precocity maturation is the main factor of economical success of the producing of peach from São Paulo, in view of that fact the very big demand exists goes new techniques that make possible the improvement of the quality of the fruits and the larger precocity in the crop. This work seeks to verify the influence of the systems of prunings and maintenance of the leaves after the crop in the carboidrates reservations in the structured in branches and roots of the peach tree of cultivating Flordaprince, to verify the production of those plants and the quality of the fruits in function of the reservations to verify the efficiency of the use of the vegetable regulator 2,4-DP (acid diclofenoxipropiônico), in function of the reservations of existent soluble carboidrates in the plants, as well its possible effect in the quality of the obtained fruits. The work was established at Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz of Queiroz, in Piracicaba. The experimental design used was of blocks at random, consisting of 9 treatments and 4 repetitions. Each portion was composed by 4 plants. The data were submitted the variance analyses and to the comparison of the averages for the Test of Tukey. The adopted spacing was of 3,0 X 1,2 meters, corresponding to 2777 plants hectare-1. The plants were driven in system central leader, and all received the irrigation practices, nutrition, numbness break, and treatments to keep healthy plants were maid, sprouts were removed, usually used. The prunings were accomplished soon after the crop, in the end of August of 2003, when of the occasion of the installation of the experiment. Samples of roots and branches, that were collected were triturated, droughts in greenhouses, milled and submitted to the laboratory analysis. It was verified the tenors of total soluble carboidrates in the branch and in the root of the peach tree plants. The growth of the fruits presented the form of a curve double sigmóide. The treatment where didn't happen defoliates of summer presented larger production of fruits, and larger number of fruits for plant. The application of the vegetable regulator 2,4-DP didn't promote significant increase in the dimensions of the fruits, it still caused a fall in the tenor of soluble solids and it promoted an improvement in the coloration of the fruits, in the exposed face and in the bottom of the fruit. It still happened an anticipation in the crop in bristle of 7 days due to application of the vegetable regulator. The concentration of soluble carboidrates in the roots and in the branches it floated in agreement with the time in that they were collected, inside of the cycle of the plant, and the concentration in the roots was always superior that found in the branches. The renewal pruning caused a fall in the production and a smaller number of fruits for plant.
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Kern, James D. "Energetics of a sustainable crop-livestock system". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41918.
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This study compares the energy utilization of two systems for producing cattle of desirable slaughter weight and grade from weanlings. Both systems produce beef cattle as a primary output; various types of baled hay are produced as a secondary output. One system uses generally accepted, "best management practices" while the other uses experimental, sustainable agriculture techniques. Since the adoption of new practices in agriculture often hinges on economics, an economic comparison is also presented.
Beef produced in the sustainable system required 32% less energy per kilogram than that produced in the conventional system. However, baled alfalfa produced in the sustainable system required 8% more energy per kilogram than the alfalfa grown in the conventional system. When all types of hay were considered, the sustainable system used 7% more energy to produce one kilogram of baled hay. To compare the energetics of the two systems on a whole farm basis, the amount of energy required to produce one dollar of return was calculated. The sustainable system required 12.4 megajoules to produce one dollar of return, while the conventional system required 17.1 megajoules to produce the same return. Although economic returns on beef and alfalfa production were comparable in the two systems studied, the conventional system showed greater returns on the whole farm, due to a greater export of baled hay.Master of Science
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Patton, Mark Evans Mr. "The Agricultural Growth and Malting Production of Barley Grains in Northeast Tennessee and Southwest Virginia". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3061.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the history and production processes of beer and examines the components that contribute to its brewing. The narrative will provide a timeline of the processes that are required to create the product of beer beginning with the agricultural products and following the brewing processes that result in beer as the finished product. I will also examine the business of agriculture and grain processing and will provide some historical perspectives of grain, beer, and malting. I will also consider whether the growing, processing, and malting of grains in the East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia Region is feasible as demonstrated through this research and reported findings.
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Gonz?alez, Rico Antonio. "Growth characteristics and water demand of three Quercus species under reduced irrigation using a computer-controlled irrigation system /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843314696831.
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Norton, E. R., i H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Plant Growth Regulator Formulations in Arizona Cotton Production Systems". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198211.
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A single experiment was conducted in 2005 at the University of Arizona Safford Agricultural Center in an effort to continue to evaluate several different formulations of the plant growth regulator (PGR) mepiquat chloride. Plots were established with the cultivar Deltapine DP 655BR on 19 April 2005. Four treatments were imposed on 18 July 2005 of 16 oz./acre applications of Mepex, Pix Ultra, and Pentia, plus a control plot. Plots were four 36” rows wide and extended the length of the irrigation run of 220 feet. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were monitored with respect to plant growth and development through collecting plant measurement data over the course of the season. Yield results were obtained by harvesting the center two rows of each plot and weighing the resultant seedcotton. Fiber quality was determined from a sub-sample collected from each plot at harvest. Plant growth and development trends indicated strong fruit retention levels all season with strong early season vigor. Each of the PGR applications had significant impact on plant height effectively reducing internode elongation. Lint yield results indicated increased yields for all PGR applications over the control with Pentia producing a statistically significant higher yield. Fiber quality was also impacted by PGR application. All PGR treatments had trends toward higher staple length, fiber strength, and fiber uniformity. These results are consistent with previous results indicating that PGR applications have the potential to increase yields under situations were high vigor is present.
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Norton, E. R., i H. J. Borrego. "Evaluation of Envoke by Pix Interaction in Arizona Cotton Production Systems". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198193.
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A single trial was conducted during the 2005 cotton growing season at The University of Arizona Safford Agricultural Center to evaluate the effects of the selective herbicide Envoke in combination and alone with the plant growth regulator (Pix). Combining applications of chemical inputs in a crop production system has the potential to help reduce costs by eliminating a trip across the field with equipment. The effects of these applications on growth, development, yield, and fiber quality was investigated. The trial was arranged with seven treatments including 1) control, 2) broadcast Envoke, 3) post-direct Envoke, 4) broadcast Pix, 5) broadcast Envoke + Pix, 6) post-direct Envoke followed by broadcast Pix, and 7) broadcast Pix followed by post-direct Envoke. These treatments were imposed in both normal and high soil moisture regimes. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications in two separate studies (normal and high soil moisture). Plots were monitored for effects on plant growth and development throughout the season by collecting a series of plant measurements from each treatment. Effects on final lint yield and fiber quality was determined by harvesting the center two rows of each four-row plot and weighing the resultant seed cotton. A sub-sample was collected for lint turnout and fiber quality analysis. Results indicated very little differences in plant growth and development among any of the treatments in both the normal and high moisture regimes. Significant differences were observed among lint yield and fiber quality parameters. Analysis of variance indicated significant effects due to treatment in lint yield, fiber length, strength, and uniformity. Significant differences were also observed due to soil moisture with respect to micronaire and fiber strength. Significant interaction between treatment and moisture regime was observed in micronaire, fiber length, strength, and uniformity. Results indicate that even though plant growth and development did not appear to be significantly impacted by the application of Pix + Envoke, lint yield was impacted. In both the normal and high soil moisture regimes the treatment receiving the combined application of Pix and Envoke produced the lowest yield.
Książki na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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Köhling, Wolfgang Klaus Colin. Implications of India's judicial system for economic and agricultural growth and poverty reduction. Hamburg: Books on Demand, 2002.
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Ray, Subrata Kumar. Agricultural growth in India. New Delhi: Serials Publications, 2010.
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ZHurina, Lyudmila. Agricultural meteorolog. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14563.
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Theoretical aspects of influence of hydrometeorological factors on growth, development and efficiency of crops are stated. The essence of the hydrometeorological phenomena, dangerous to agricultural production, and ways of protection against them is shown. Climate assessment methods from positions of the general and private agroclimatic division into districts on the basis of meso - and microclimatic researches are considered.
Examples of agroclimatic justification of agrotechnical and agromeliorative receptions in agricultural production are given. In the present, the third, the edition the section on global climate change of Earth and scenarios of possible ecological consequences for agriculture of Russia is submitted. The question of use of geographic information systems in agricultural production is considered. The geography of examples of private agroclimatic division into districts is expanded. Questions and tasks to heads are processed and added.
It is intended for students of agricultural higher education institutions, it can also be used when studying the courses "Agricultural Meteorology" and "Agroklimatologiya" in other highest and average educational institutions.
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S, Teng P., i International Symposium on Systems Approaches for Agricultural Development (2nd : 1995 : Los Baños, Philippines), red. Applications of systems approaches at the farm and regional levels. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
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Knox, J. A method of variable spacing for controlled plant growth systems in spaceflight and terrestrial agriculture applications. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1986.
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Uskov, Aleksandr, Evgeniy Mozhaev, Lyudmila Uskova i Elena Zakabunina. Potato growing. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1030568.
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The textbook covers the main topics related to the national economic significance, origin, distribution of potatoes; morphological and anatomical structure of potato plants. Features of potato biology by periods of growth and development, as well as its requirements for growing conditions are given. Technological methods of cultivation, the system of fertilization and protection from pests, diseases and weeds, seed production and varietal studies, the economy of potato production are presented. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation for the preparation of bachelors. For undergraduate students studying in the field of "agronomy", as well as specialists in agricultural production.
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International Symposium on Systems Approaches for Agricultural Development (2nd 1995 Los Baños, Philippines). Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Systems Approaches for Agricultural Development, held at IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines, 6-8 December 1995. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
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The new horse-powered farm: Tools and systems for the small-scale, sustainable market grower. White River Junction, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2013.
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A, Stein, i Penning de Vries, F. W. T., red. Data and models in action: Methodological issues in production ecology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.
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C, Yorio N., Vivenzio H. R i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Protocol development for the NASA-JSC Lunar-Mars Life Support Test Project (LMLSTP), phase III project: A report on baseline studies at KSC for continuous salad production. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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McDonald, A. J. S., i J. Parsby. "Presentation and Implications of an Experimental Growth System". W Advanced Agricultural Instrumentation, 393–401. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4404-6_13.
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Lynam, John, i Kay Muir Leresche. "Agricultural food system transformation and its implications for tertiary agricultural education." W Transforming tertiary agricultural education in Africa, 31–45. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789246544.0002.
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Abstract This chapter assesses the achievement of African development outcomes through market-led rural transformation within the context of agri-food systems. Sections discuss: (1) rural development from a food systems perspective; (2) the drivers of change in the food system; (3) the changing structure of food demand; (4) the generation of a production and productivity response; (5) structural changes in the market supply chain and the growth in the non-farm rural economy; and (6) the role of tertiary agricultural education in a transforming African food system.
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Ravelo-Ortega, Gustavo, i José López-Bucio. "The Potential of Rhizobacteria for Plant Growth and Stress Adaptation". W Re-visiting the Rhizosphere Eco-system for Agricultural Sustainability, 205–24. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4101-6_11.
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Gupta, Soma, Udai B. Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Vinita Ramtekey, Deepanshu Jayaswal, Arvind Nath Singh, Paramanand Sahni i Sanjay Kumar. "Role of Rhizosphere Microorganisms in Endorsing Overall Plant Growth and Development". W Re-visiting the Rhizosphere Eco-system for Agricultural Sustainability, 323–53. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4101-6_16.
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Mishra, R. K., Utkarsh Singh Rathore, Sonika Pandey, Monika Mishra, Nitish Sharma, Sandeep Kumar i Kulbhushan Mani Tripathi. "Plant–Rhizospheric Microbe Interactions: Enhancing Plant Growth and Improving Soil Biota". W Re-visiting the Rhizosphere Eco-system for Agricultural Sustainability, 445–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4101-6_22.
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Goddard, Tom, Amir Kassam i Saidi Mkomwa. "Moving paradigms - conservation agriculture with alternative agronomics to minimize inputs." W Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 189–205. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0010.
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Abstract The African Union Malabo Declaration outlines goals to achieve sustainable production practices for economic growth in the agriculture sector by 2025. Conservation Agriculture (CA) practices represent a climate smart and resource friendly sustainable production system, and these need to be adopted and refined. This will be a paradigm shift for academics, experts and farmers who are embedded in the intensive external-input monoculture tillage systems. From our review of literature, recent history has shown that CA systems are successful and profitable while using less external inputs and expending less energy. Energy use can be reduced by 40% and labour needs by 50%-90%. Research has shown that CA farming is superior in terms of enhancing soil functions, biodiversity, beneficial insects, energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and resilience to extreme climate events. Nitrogen and other essential elemental crop needs can be reduced by 10%-70% through CA systems. African research and farm testing have shown integrated CA cropping systems can control insect and weed pests while providing more diverse economic crops. For the paradigm shift to occur quickly, efficiently and economically, institutions need to lead change. Policy makers need to start strategic changes to research and institutions by initiating support programmes identified by innovative researchers and agricultural leaders that can move the Malabo dial towards the 2025 goals.
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Bilousova, Zoia, Yuliia Klipakova, Victoria Keneva i Serhii Kulieshov. "Influence of the Growth Regulator Application Method on Antioxidant Plant System Activity of Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)". W Modern Development Paths of Agricultural Production, 615–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14918-5_60.
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Wendroth, Ole, K. Christian Kersebaum, G. Schwab i L. Murdock. "Spatial Relationships of Soil Properties, Crop Indices, and Nitrogen Application Pattern with Wheat Growth and Yield in a Field". W Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research, 229–59. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/advagricsystmodel2.c8.
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Mrabet, Rachid, i Rachid Moussadek. "Development of climate smart agriculture in Africa." W Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 17–65. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0002.
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Abstract Climate change, food system complexity and changing international demands are creating new realities, challenges and opportunities. In this respect, unlocking Africa's agricultural potential is both a vital and a daunting aspiration to achieve commitments to the climate and development of the visionary and optimistic framework of Agenda 2063. In response to these challenges and drivers, climate smart agriculture (CSA) was promoted by governments and international organizations to functionally contribute to reducing vulnerability and increasing adaptation to climate change while ensuring sustainable progress in living standards, value chains and mitigation capacities of farming systems. Remarkable benefits in terms of increased productivity and performances of farming systems, enhanced farmers' resilience, environment and value chain sustainability, and developments of CSA in Africa and lock-in barriers exclusion are under way. These are because of investment in policy formulation and planning, approaches, alliances, incentives, capacity development, research, knowledge sharing, networking and engagement in bold regional and local initiatives. Side benefits from CSA are numerous for Africans in general and for producers and growers in particular. They include poverty alleviation through green growth, just and ethical transformation, gender equity and empowerment, shared prosperity and entrepreneurship via innovation. Overall, investing in CSA and particularly in Conservation Agriculture may greatly enhance a country's strategic thinking and capacity to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Chouhan, Gowardhan Kumar, Saurabh Singh, Arpan Mukherjee, Anand Kumar Gaurav, Ayush Lepcha, Sudeepa Kumari i Jay Prakash Verma. "Exploration of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for Improving Productivity and Soil Fertility Under Sustainable Agricultural Practices". W Re-visiting the Rhizosphere Eco-system for Agricultural Sustainability, 245–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4101-6_13.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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Doitchinova, Julia. "AGRICULTURE IN RURAL AREAS - CHANGES, IMPACTS AND DEVELOPMENT". W AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.12.
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For two programming periods, Bulgarian agriculture has been developing in the conditions of our common and national agricultural policies. Adaptation processes have led to significant economic, social and environmental changes in farms and rural areas. The aim of the article is to assess the changes in the agricultural sector and their impacts on rural development. The analysis of changes in production and organizational structures and the impacts of rural development are assessed on the basis of statistical information and expert assessment of 163 specialists from regional directorates of Agriculture, municipal services and regional services of the National Agricultural Advisory System. The conclusions confirmed the upward development of Bulgarian agriculture, but with significant structural disparities and different in direction and strength impacts by regions of the country.
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Oliynyk, Olena. "Financial system and agricultural growth in Ukraine". W International Scientific Days 2016 :: The Agri-Food Value Chain: Challenges for Natural Resources Management and Society. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/isd2016.s5.06.
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Pirimbaev, Jusup, Dzhumabek Dzhailov i Umet Momunov. "Economic Growth and Development Prospects of Agricultural Economics in Kyrgyzstan in Condition of Economic Integration". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01708.
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The evaluation of the current state of development of agrarian sector of the national economy and its competitiveness. Conceptual foundations of growth and development of the agricultural sector in the context of deepening integration. The recommendations for the strategic development of the sector in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Particular attention is paid to the problems of reformatting the agricultural production structure, improve the regional and zonal specialization of agricultural production and the balanced development of agriculture. The directions of development of cooperation, integration links in a format forming a single food market. The mechanisms to improve the management system of competitive development of the agrarian economy of Kyrgyzstan.
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Boychev, Boycho. "APPLICATION OF THE BENCHMARKING APPROACH IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR". W AGRIBUSINESS AND RURAL AREAS - ECONOMY, INNOVATION AND GROWTH 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/ara2021.181.
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Marketing strategy is related to the way a company operates in relation to its competitors. In the short run, its success depends on the financial performance of ongoing activities, while its long-term evaluation and development depend on its ability to adapt to emerging market changes in the agricultural sector. To be effective, the strategy must be organized in a systematic and formal way in a written document that formulates the long-term and short-term goals of the company and the ways to achieve them. Benchmarking is actually a system aimed at finding, evaluating and researching the best examples, regardless of their size, business scope and geographical specifications. Therefore, it can be argued that benchmarking is a special kind of art to discover what others do better than us, as well as to study, master and improve their methods of work. The purpose of benchmarking is to understand and evaluate the current position of a business or organization in relation to best practices and to identify areas and means to improve efficiency.
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BESUSPARIENĖ, Erika. "SINGULARITY OF SUSTAINABLE TAXATION IN AGRICULTURE". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.232.
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Agricultural sector is different from industrial or service sectors due to its specific functions, i.e. food function, social function, economic situation on country growth function, environmental function. These functions of agricultural sector include three dimensions (economic, social, environmental), which are closely connected with the conception of sustainable development. Therefore, the taxation system of agricultural sector has been orientated to sustainability. The research direction of sustainable taxation is relevant. This research direction leads to opportunities to find the sustainable taxation system effect to the sustainable development of agriculture. The paper aims at disclosing the singularity of sustainable taxation in agriculture. To investigate the theoretical aspect of the specificity of agricultural business in the context of taxation and singularity of sustainable taxation, systemic analysis and synthesis of theoretical insights of foreign and local scientific literature as well as the methods of induction and deduction have been applied. Theoretical research results helped to identify singularity of sustainable taxation in agriculture, which encompasses three dimensions (economic, social, environmental) with different characteristics. This taxation system contributes to the goals of the development of sustainable agriculture.
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Dias, José, João Paulo Coelho i José Alexandre Gonçalves. "Fuzzy Control of a Water Pump for an Agricultural Plant Growth System". W 7th International Conference on Fuzzy Computation Theory and Applications. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005598601560161.
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zenghui, Xu, i Li Yingbo. "Development of Agricultural Information Service System and Its Interaction with Agricultural Economic Growth-Intensive: the Case from China". W 2007 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2007.4280288.
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Ni, Jun, Yongchao Tian, Xia Yao, Yan Zhu i Weixing Cao. "Application of monitoring system about plant growth information based on spectroscopy technique". W International Conference on Photonics and Image in Agricultural Engineering (PIAGENG 2010), redaktor Honghua Tan. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.888400.
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"Application of vibration energy to create conditions for the growth of a powerful root system of agricultural plants". W AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING AGROINFO-2021. SFSCA RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/agroinfo-2021-367-369.
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Xiang yijun. "Farmland system, farmland scale management and agricultural growth - an empirical study from Heilongjiang province". W 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Applications (ICCSNA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsna.2010.5588933.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Agricultural Growth System"
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McMillan, John, John Whalley i Zhu Li Jing. Incentive Effects of Price Rises and Payment-System Changes on Chinese Agricultural Productivity Growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luty 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2148.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares i Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.
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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.
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Baldos, Uris Lantz, i Thomas Hertel. Bursting the Bubble: A Long Run Perspective on Crop Commodity Prices. GTAP Working Paper, sierpień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp80.
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Contrary to the opinions expressed by many commentators, the recent price spike in agricultural commodities is a transitory phenomenon. Using projections from SIMPLE – a global model of the farm and food system – we argue that, in the long run, food prices will most likely resume their historical downward trend. We begin with an evaluation of the historical period 1961 to 2006 wherein the growth in agricultural productivity outpaced that of global crop demand, the latter being fueled by rising population and incomes. As a consequence, we observed a historical decline in global crop prices, which the SIMPLE model faithfully reproduces. Moving forward to 2051, we establish a set of projections in global crop prices given expected developments in population, incomes, agricultural productivity and biofuel use. We project that global crop prices will continue their long run decline in the coming decades, albeit at a slower pace. However, we recognize that, under some circumstances, global crop prices could still increase by mid-century. To formally assess the likelihood of future price changes, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations given distributions in the growth rates of both drivers and economic responses. Results show that 72% of the realizations produce price declines from 2006 to 2051. Keywords: crop commodity prices, long run projections, population growth, income growth, biofuels, crop productivity JEL: Q11, Q12, Q18
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Coyle, William, Mark Gehlhar, Thomas Hertel, Zhi Wang i Wusheng Yu. Understanding the Determinants of structural Change in World Food Markets. GTAP Working Paper, wrzesień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp02.
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This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market insulation. However, once agricultural subsidies have also been eliminated, price transmission via the global trading system contributes positively to economic adaptation under climate change. products. This may partially explain the relatively slow growth of world grain import demand in recent years. In addition, bilateral agreements with East Asia, NAFTA, and the evolution of the CAP, have all had important impacts on the structure of world food and agricultural trade. The objective of this paper is to assess the relative role of each of the major forces-- consumer demand, factor accumulation, transport costs, and policy change--in driving changes in the composition of world food trade in 1980-1995. To do so, we employ a modified version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade which permits us to isolate the contribution of each of these related factors to the changing composition of world food trade in a general equilibrium context. We evaluate the relative role of each of these factors by simulating the model backwards in time, from 1995 to 1980 under different assumptions. This general approach, termed “backcasting” (i.e. backwards forecasting), takes as exogenous the basic drivers of change and attempts to explain the resulting change in food trade composition. The model-produced changes in the composition of agricultural and food trade are compared with historical trade data, to determine the relative importance of each factor on the changing composition of food trade. Given limited space, our focus will be on explaining the changes in the global composition of food and agriculture trade. A natural follow-on effort would target specific markets in more detail. This type of backcasting approach was first employed by Gehlhar (1997) who sought to explain the shift in exports of primary commodities to manufactures in East Asia in the 1980's. He calibrated the GTAP model to 1992 data, then implemented shocks to factor endowments and economywide total factor productivity (TFP) in order to force each economy back to its 1982 levels of population, land, labor, human capital, physical capital and technology. By comparing actual and predicted changes in export shares in this period, he found human capital accumulation played a key role in explaining the change in the aggregate composition of East Asian exports. Gehlhar, Hertel and Martin (1994) built on this work in an effort to predict future changes in the pattern of agricultural trade from 1992-2002. They also emphasized the importance of supply-side determinants of agricultural trade. In this paper, we go beyond this earlier work in a number of ways. First, we focus on the composition of agricultural exports, rather than simply looking at the share of agriculture in total trade. Secondly, we incorporate the Cranfield et al. estimates of Rimmer and Powell’s recently developed, implicitly directly additive demand system (nicknamed AIDADS) into the GTAP model. This permits us to better capture the impact of demand-side changes on the pattern of global tr
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Carlile, Rachel, Matthew Kessler i Tara Garnett. What is food sovereignty? TABLE, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/f07b52cc.
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Food sovereignty, “the right of peoples to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems,” is often discussed as an alternative political framework and approach to food security (Nyéléni, 2007). Food sovereignty has grown as a countermovement to the growing dominance of industrial agricultural practices, the increasing power of corporations in the global food system, and the convergence of diets towards more imported and processed foods. This explainer explores food sovereignty as a concept and movement, how it differs from the concept of food security, criticisms of the movement, and evolving definitions.
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Phillips, Donald, i Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.
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Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen i Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.
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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Dick, Warren, Yona Chen i Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.
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Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
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Gray, Dennis, i Victor Gaba. Genotype, Explant and Growth Regulator Effects in the Determination of Adventitious Regeneratin in Curcurbits, in Aid of Genetic Transformation. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561060.bard.
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The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the in vitro regeneration process in watermelon and melon to enable the development of genetic transformation systems. The objectives were met and additional progress, unplanned during the original proposal, was made. Organogenic regeneration in vitro was studied in both melon and watermelon. Genotype played a significant role in regeneration. In melon, epidermal cells were responsible for most regeneration. Methods to obtain in vitro-derived watermelon tetraploids, needed for seedless varieties, were developed. The culture systems were refined so that they could be routinely used for transformation. Particle guns were constructed and Agrobacterium strains were obtained to study the effect of transformation procedures on culture system performance, allowing refinement of transformation protocols. The culture systems were shown to enable the stable transformation of both crops, allowing their future use for insertion of agriculturally-important genes. In addition, we showed that shoot apical meristems might be suitable target tissue for transformation and allow a wider range of genotypes to be used, which is needed for crops as diverse as cucurbits.
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Miller, James E. Muskrats. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, styczeń 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208744.ws.
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The muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) is a common, semi-aquatic rodent native to the United States. It spends its life in aquatic habitats and is well adapted for swimming. Although muskrats are an important part of native ecosystems, their burrowing and foraging activities can damage agricultural crops, native marshes and water control systems, such as aquaculture and farm ponds and levees. Such damage can significantly impact agricultural crops like rice that rely on consistent water levels for growth. Laws, regulations, and ordinances regarding the take of muskrats varies by state and province where they are found and regulations on seasons, bag limits, and type of traps or devices that can be used to take them must be carefully followed.