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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Age at internationalization"
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Verdier, Sylvie, Christiane Prange, Tugrul Atamer i Philippe Monin. "Internationalization performance revisited: the impact of age and speed on sales growth*". Management international 15, nr 1 (15.02.2011): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045622ar.
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Internationalization process theories have been dominated by the Uppsala theory and the new venture theory: they provide explanations for slow international growth by mature firms and fast international growth by young firms, but fail to consider other combinations of age and speed. This article sketches a 2*2 matrix and explores the performance differentials of four internationalization patterns. Building on early empirical evidence from the retailing industry (1998-2004), the combination of young and slow internationalization is preferable to other options, while a young age is generally more likely to yield internationalization performance than any combination of mature internationalization with slow or accelerated speed.
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Iubel de Oliveira Pereira, David, i Marcelo Gechele Cleto. "The Internationalization Behavior of SMEs from a Purchase Perspective". International Business Research 11, nr 6 (9.05.2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n6p50.
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The aim of present study was to analyze the internationalization behavior of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) regarding purchases using four questions: why, what, when and where. Structured interviews were conducted at SMEs located in the city of Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, Brazil, which dealt with the machinery and equipment sector. Regarding the reasons for internationalization (why), the main results showed agreement with motivators associated with cheaper products, advanced technology, higher quality and exclusivity, as well as an expectation of increasing organizational competitiveness. Internationalization items (what) sought out by SMEs were mostly items considered strategic. Regarding internationalization period (when), younger companies tended to start their internationalization process earlier. However, both the age of the company and the year of international entry did not directly explain or influence international expansion. Finally, place of internationalization (where) showed that a variety of countries have been involved with SMEs since their creation. However, the age of the company and the age of international entry could not directly explain or influence international geographic speed (entry into new countries).
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Yamutuale, Desire. "African Higher Education in the Age of Internationalization". Journal of International Students 14, nr 2 (21.12.2023): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i2.6381.
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In the last three decades, there has been a rush towards internationalizing higher education. The international double/joint degree programs are one of the drivers of internationalisation activities. Many African universities have evolved to offer their students these opportunities for academic mobility. This study is a phenomenological understanding of the experiences of African students in Canada on exchange partnerships for international double/joint degree programs (IDDP), using Bourdieu’s toolbox. The result shows a gap between the ideal expectations and the instrumental aspects of the programs. Students seem satisfied, despite the challenges faced by participating in these programs.
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Shao, Qiuyue, Shouming Chen i Peien Chen. "CEO rhetorical strategies and firms' internationalization: A communication perspective". Strategic Management, nr 00 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/straman2200006s.
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Based on the upper echelons theory, previous literature has suggested that CEO's personal characteristics influence firms' internationalization. However, most research investigates the static traits such as age, education, overseas background, etc. Since CEO's communication skills exert influence on the firm as well, communication may also be of significance in the process of firm internationalization. We proposed that three CEO rhetoric strategies affect firm internationalization by persuading employees to recognize the international purpose and contribute to it jointly. Using the data of CEO rhetorical strategies and the level of internationalization of 118 Chinese listed firms, we tested the influence of CEO rhetoric strategy on firms' internationalization. The results show that two CEO rhetoric strategies-Ethos and Pathos-affect firm internationalization positively. The findings reveal that proper strategy of CEO communication is important for the execution of firms' internationalization.
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Panda, Debadutta, i Sriharsha Reddy. "Resource based view of internationalization: evidence from Indian commercial banks". Journal of Asia Business Studies 10, nr 1 (4.01.2016): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-10-2014-0082.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of internal resource drivers on internationalization of commercial banks. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data on 46 Indian commercial banks from 2008 to 2012 were collected from secondary sources to measure how assets size, human resources, branding and advertising, ownership and age influence the international diversification of the commercial bank. Internationalization of the commercial bank was measured in terms of international advances intensity, international borrowing intensity and number of countries served. Regression models were designed with controlled multicolinearity, heterogeneity and exogeneity. Findings – Higher assets’ size, higher human resources, private ownership and higher organizational age led to internationalization of Indian commercial banks. However, higher branding and advertisement expenses and state ownership were found to be negatively related to international diversification. Originality/value – Internationalization is one of the growth strategies of a firm which cannot be unified and generalized due to resource heterogeneity. So this necessitates a large number of studies sector-wise, sub-sector-wise, product-wise, industry-wise and region-wise. There is a dearth of literature on resource view of internationalization of commercial banks. So, this Indian study adds a new finding on resource-based view of internationalization to the existing body of knowledge.
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Zhang, Minxuan. "Higher Education Environment Monitoring and Internationalization Strategy Model Using Big Data Analysis". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (3.10.2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4263002.
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This paper creates a model based on big data, examines higher education’s internationalization approach, and simultaneously conducts research. According to the research, the method used in this work has a greater accuracy rate than numerous other well-known methodologies for assessing the risk associated with higher education internationalization strategies, with the maximum accuracy rate reaching 68.9%. It can be seen that the methodology used in this report is more suited for researching the higher education sector’s internationalization plan. Information integration management is advancing steadily in the age of big data. To ensure the standardization, informationalization, and scientificization of school education and teaching management, consideration should also be given to the organic integration and full utilization of education internationalization data in the field of higher education internationalization strategy.
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Wu, Hang, i Yiying Qu. "Exploratory and Exploitative Internationalization: Effects of Social Capital Antecedents and Fit Moderators of Innovation Consequence". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, nr 7 (13.11.2021): 3120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070170.
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Implementing international strategy is essential to enhance corporate innovation and achieve sustainable development. Existing research has theoretically illustrated the concept and importance of carrying out both exploratory and exploitative internationalization, yet our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of both activities remains unclear. Based on the data of Chinese international manufacturing firms, this paper examines the differential effects of business, government and knowledge network capital on exploratory and exploitative internationalization, and probes into how organizational, strategic, and environmental factors moderate the innovation effectiveness of exploratory and exploitative internationalization. Results indicate that business network capital has the same positive impact on exploratory and exploitative internationalization; government network capital influences the implementation of exploratory internationalization, whereas knowledge network capital influences the execution of exploitative internationalization. Furthermore, our findings reveal that, to maximize innovation performance, pursuing exploratory internationalization is more beneficial for firms with older age, firms entering into countries with low host–home country similarity, and operating in a more dynamic international environment. By contrast, pursuing exploitative internationalization is more effective for younger firms, firms entering into countries with high host–home country similarity, and in more stable international environment. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
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Kuzhabekova, Aliya, Darkhan Bilyalov i Merey Mussabayeva. "Faculty Views on Internationalization in Kazakhstan". Yuksekogretim Dergisi 12, Suppl (30.11.2022): S35—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2399/yod.21.202204.
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Internationalization is viewed as the main mechanism for the modernization of higher education in Kazakhstan. Despite the strong policy push for internationalization, research on the process of implementation of internationalization initiatives by institutions, as well as on the experiences with the internationalization of individual faculty members, students, and administrators remains rather scarce. This paper fills the gap in existing research by using the data from the international Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society (APIKS) survey to explore faculty views on internationalization. The study addresses the following research questions: (1) What are faculty views on internationalization? (2) How do the views vary among the faculty of different demographic and professional characteristics (e.g. gender, rank, discipline, age, experience)? (3) What is the relationship between the views on internationalization and faculty language ability? (4) What is the relationship between the views and the extent of faculty engagement in international experiences? To answer the research questions, we use both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study reveals that faculty generally hold a positive view of internationalization, although remain concerned about the effect of internationalization initiatives on brain drain and loss of cultural identity. In addition, they seem to be less satisfied with the number of opportunities for international mobility and research collaboration, which are available for them as compared to students. The study points to the importance of gathering faculty input on the development and approaches to implementation of internationalization initiatives, as well as of expanding faculty access to internalization programs.
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Casillas, Jose C., Francisco J. Acedo i M. Ángeles Rodríguez-Serrano. "How does internationalization begin? The role of age at entry and export experience in the early stages of the process". BRQ Business Research Quarterly 23, nr 2 (kwiecień 2020): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2340944420916333.
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This article deals with two important concepts in the prior literature on the internationalization process: age at entry and export experience. Against previous research, we analyze how both of them influence simultaneously international behavior in the early stages of the internationalization process as a trade-off. For that aim, we analyze the influence of both variables on international behavior in the early stages of the internationalization process, from a dynamic perspective, looking at initial export behavior and speed during this period. We analyze export development process of 106 Spanish small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), most of them international new ventures, in their first 8 years of export activity, combining the effect of age at entry and experiential learning during this period, finding that age at entry and export experience exert not only a direct effect but also a moderation influence on initial export development, observing a trade-off between such influence as experience grows. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M16
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Yuan, Lin, i Nitin Pangarkar. "Performance implications of internationalization strategies for Chinese MNCs". International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, nr 2 (20.04.2015): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2013-0020.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance implications of internationalization strategies for Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs). Specifically, the authors examine the individual and joint effects of speed of internationalization in developed and developing countries and age on Chinese MNCs’ performance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors constructed a unique and comprehensive database on the internationalization strategies of 206 Chinese firms over 14 years and deployed random-effect regressions to assess the effects of age, speed of expansion in terms of number of subsidiaries and countries, and the types of destination (developed vs developing country) on firm performance. Findings – The analyses show that age is negatively related to performance but rapid expansion of subsidiaries in developing countries and geographic scope in developed countries are positively related to performance. In addition, the impacts of young age and two types of expansion, fast expansion of subsidiaries in developing countries and fast expansion of geographic scope in developed countries, are cumulative. Originality/value – The authors combine the arguments of the learning advantages of newness and fast movers and model the simultaneous effects of age and speed of two types of international expansion (in terms of number of subsidiaries and countries) in both developed and developing countries on performance. The strong empirical support for the hypotheses based on analyses of a unique data set of Chinese MNCs’ internationalization patterns lends credence to the proposed model.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Age at internationalization"
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Sondaal, Tiest M. "Institutional Change in an Age of Internationalization: Globalization and the Soccer Club". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1326828861.
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Vieira, Cátia Sofia Pereira. "Determinants of internationalization on portuguese start-ups". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7889.
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Mestrado em FinançasO objetivo desta tese é analisar os fatores mais relevantes para a internacionalização de novas empresas através do desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico. A partir deste estudo avaliamos a importância da internacionalização nas start-ups, examinando como as características educacionais e demográficas dos fundadores podem afetar o processo de internacionalização. Utilizamos como metodologia o Logit model, com o intuito de perceber,de que forma a capacidade de de exportação das start-ups é afetada pelas caraterísticas da empresa e do fundador. Sendo assim, podemos concluir que start-ups pequenas, com um fundador de meia idade e com qualificações, têm mais propensão para exportar nos seus primeiros anos de vida.
The objective of this study is to analyse the most relevant determinants for the internationalization of start-ups from the individual and firm perspective. To address this goal, we use a matched Employer-Employee dataset combined with international trade data, which allow us to evaluate the firm´s characteristics and which of the founders` demographic and educational characteristics affect the internationalization strategies for start-ups. In terms of methodology, we use a Logit analysis to understand the impact of this determinants in exports capacity of new ventures. Our results suggest that smaller start-ups with middle age founders, and with medium qualifications are more likely to exports in the first years of the start-up.
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Severin, Mats, Stefan Knutsson i John Söderberg. "Business in the Cloud : Internationalization of a small enterprise in the age of cloud services". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-176088.
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During the past decade, advances in information technology have facilitated the rapid international expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Cloud computing has enabled a new wave of firms to offer services on the web regardless of geographic distances. The aim of this study is to explore how cloud computing affect the external variables network and culture in the internationalization process of an SME. In order to explore the impact on these external variables, a qualitative case study is carried out on a business-to-business SME offering cloud services within small and open economies. The findings explain why closeness was important and why the cloud service firm was limited to a gradual internationalization process although the technology has the potential to break this pattern or accelerate it. The results from this study are valuable for scholars since the internationalization process of cloud service firms is an under-researched area. It is also useful for cloud service SMEs when making strategic decisions in the internationalization process.
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Matsuda, Misa. "Japanese tourists and Indonesia : images of Self and Other in the age of kokusaika (internationalization)". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114557.
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The case study in the following chapters has been inspired by both anthropology and
Asian studies as interdisciplinary area studies. It is a study of the way in which the
Other (the local people's lives and culture or the ’hosts') is represented in relation to
the meaning system of the Self (tourists1 or ’guests’) in the limited context of tourism.
This is studied through the representation of'Indonesia' in Japanese travel brochures,
paying particular attention to the the relationship between the self-image of Japanese
and the way in which they construct the Other.
Książki na temat "Age at internationalization"
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International entrepreneurship: The effect of firm age on motives for internationalization. New York: Garland Pub., 1995.
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Kikakuchō, Japan Keizai. Japan in the year 2000: Preparing Japan for an age of internationalization, the aging society and maturity. Tokyo: Japan Times, 1985.
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Violence as worship: Religious wars in the age of globalization. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2011.
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Snowden, Paul, red. Handbook of Higher Education in Japan. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724678.
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This Handbook tells the story in 25 chapters of how Japan’s HE system has become what it is now, ending with a very tentative glimpse into the rest of the 21st century. A variety of themes are covered by scholars—both established, senior figures and younger researchers with their own fresh look at current circumstances. Chapters that concentrate on governance look at the distinction between "national," "public," and "private" institutions; others consider important topics such as internationalization, student recruitment, faculty mobility. More innovative topics include "Women of Color Leading in Japanese Higher Education." All provide copious references to other authorities, but rather than just toe the conventional line they include opinions and proposals that may be contentious or even revolutionary. The editor provides an overview of the subject and its treatment in an Introduction. -- Rights Statement: Amsterdam University Press has exclusive rights to sell the print Handbook in all territories excluding Japan, Taiwan and Korea. --
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Lebedeva, Tamara. Educational migration to the Russian Federation: the role in the development of the higher education system. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2086355.
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The monograph assesses the role of educational migration in the development of the higher education system in the Russian Federation. The characteristics of the modern system of Russian higher education, functioning in the conditions of internationalization of the educational environment, are presented. The modern features of the export of Russian educational services are described in detail. It is noted that international educational migration contributes to the preservation and expansion of the contingent of students in Russian universities, maintaining and expanding the employment of teaching staff, obtaining direct cash income from tuition fees and social services for foreign students. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of negative manifestations from the point of view of Russia's national security. On the basis of the research, the problems of the development of the higher education system of the Russian Federation in the context of an increase in the volume of international educational migration were identified, and measures were proposed, the implementation of which will contribute to the formation of a positive image of Russian universities in the global educational services market and attract new groups of foreign citizens to study.
The materials of the monograph may be of interest to a wide range of readers: sociologists, demographers, economists, representatives of state authorities whose interests include the management of educational migration and the development of the Russian higher education system, as well as students, graduate students, young scientists and university professors.
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Brush, Candida. International Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Firm Age on Motives for Internationalization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Brush, Candida. International Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Firm Age on Motives for Internationalization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.
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Brush, Candida. International Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Firm Age on Motives for Internationalization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.
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Otieno, Iddah Aoko. Kenyan Public Universities in the Age of Internationalization: Challenges and Prospects. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2018.
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International Entrepreneurship: The Effect of Firm Age on Motives for Internationalization. Taylor & Francis Group, 2012.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Age at internationalization"
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Martens, Kerstin, i Ansgar Weymann. "The Internationalization of Education Policy: Towards Convergence of National Paths?" W Transforming the Golden-Age Nation State, 152–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590861_8.
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Portnoi, Laura M., i Sylvia S. Bagley. "Universities in the Age of Internationalization, Competition, and Cooperation". W Encyclopedia of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9553-1_216-1.
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Portnoi, Laura M., i Sylvia S. Bagley. "Universities in the Age of Internationalization, Competition, and Cooperation". W The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions, 2706–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8905-9_216.
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Anghel, Ghenadie. "Corporate Cultural Modernization: Challenges of the Global Information Age". W Doomed to Internationalization and Modernization of Corporate Culture, 204–22. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-3498-7_8.
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Osarenkhoe, Aihie, i Daniella Fjellstróm. "A cluster’s internationalization platform as a springboard for internationalization of firms in the age of digitalization". W Economic Clusters and Globalization, 134–50. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge advances in regional economics, science and policy ; 31: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429444975-7.
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Mayer, Sebastian, i Silke Weinlich. "Internationalization of Intervention? UN and EU Security Politics and the Modern State". W Transforming the Golden-Age Nation State, 42–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590861_3.
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Zimmermann, Jochen. "The Role of the Nation State in the Internationalization of Accounting Regimes". W Transforming the Golden-Age Nation State, 173–92. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590861_9.
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Gaweł, Aleksandra, Katarzyna Mroczek-Dąbrowska i Maciej Pietrzykowski. "Digitalization and Its Impact on the Internationalization Models of SMEs". W FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_2.
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AbstractIn the European Union, SMEs represent as much as 99% of businesses, but only 3 out of 10 companies have some international involvement. EU policy makers perceive SMEs internationalization as a desired path for global growth; thus, they have put forward certain tools which aim to boost the pace and scope of internationalization, i.e., by creating and facilitating access to support activities, sharing information, promoting cluster and networking initiatives, making support schemes consistent throughout the EU, etc. (Della Corte, Handbook of research on startegic Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. IGI Global, 2014). However, a vital point in creating a successful internationalization framework requires understanding that SMEs internationalization models may and do differ from those of multinational enterprises (MNEs). SMEs have a different structure, and they act differently, since their aims vary from those of MNEs (Knight and Liesch, Journal of World Business 51(1): 93–102, 2016; Buckley, Journal of World Business, 51(1): 74–82, 2016).Former studies of European SMEs indicate that there are specific traits of company characteristics that determine their internationalization process. Amongst the distinguished factors, size, activities performed, age, and experience counted as the most significant determinants of the expansion. However, these findings refer to occurrences dating back at least 5 years. In the era of rapid digitalization and—still—ongoing globalization, the impact of these factors might have diminished, making place for others. Therefore, the rising importance of digitalization calls for the need to identify new barriers and opportunities for SMEs to become international.The aim of this chapter is to see whether and how digitalization has influenced the internationalization models of Polish SMEs. We do not provide quantitative analysis that would allow us to statistically verify hypotheses on that matter; however, given the recent developments of the business world and internationalization trends, we assume that digitalization has had an impact on how companies expand abroad nowadays. The study has a screening aim and should allow us to determine whether, in the case of the Polish context, the matter requires further pursuit. The remainder of this chapter is structured as follows: first, we discuss the internationalization models which commonly referred to the international expansion of SMEs. Secondly, we discuss how digitalization can influence the process and its determinants. Finally, we present our research results based on quasi-focus group discussion with Polish SMEs. The study concerned the impact the digitalization has on the internationalization experience of those companies.
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Filippov, Vladimir. "Internationalization of Universities: 70 Years of Experience". W The Promise of Higher Education, 113–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_18.
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AbstractThe creation of the IAU 70 years ago was one of the consequences of evolving international life following the Second World War. This featured the evolution of organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. In higher education, new international policies led to the internationalization of universities (Altbach, 2010). From the beginning, the IAU became one of the international platforms where universities exchanged experiences and built relations. In the acting strategy of IAU adopted in 2016, internationalization is one of the four priorities.
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Duque, Juana García. "European Union Cooperation in Colombia: A Commitment to Peacebuilding in Historical Perspective". W Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies, 129–50. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24797-2_5.
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AbstractThis chapter describes the historical evolution of the EU’s international development cooperation in Colombia. This has continued to favour peacebuilding, which began two decades ago with the Peace Laboratories and has continued to the present day. The internationalization of the Colombian armed conflict during the mandate of President Pastrana attracted resources from international cooperation in the search for a negotiated peace. Following the failure of the dialogues with the FARC-EP, the Colombian government developed the Plan Colombia, which was not supported by the EU. The latter, on the contrary, during the mandate of President Uribe, when the path of negotiation with the armed groups was closed, opted to give economic and political support to the Peace Laboratories. In this way, it sought to build peace in the midst of the conflict by strengthening local capabilities and social processes. Later, during the mandate of President Santos, the EU was one of the main supporters of the negotiations in Havana and, subsequently, of the Peace Agreement.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Age at internationalization"
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Costa, Rosalina Pisco. "Advancing understandings on Students’ Mobility as a Tool to reach 2030 Agenda". W Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11235.
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This paper interrogates the role of students’ mobility within the framework of 2030 Agenda, specifically, the prospects of reaching Sustainable Development Goal 4, a quality education for all by 2030. Empirical data draw upon a report that analyzes mobility’s figures over the last five academic years at the University of Évora, Portugal. Important insight can be gained from 2030 Agenda when looking at the strong imbalance observed between IN and OUT mobility, countries of origin and destination, gender and age distribution of the students’ missions. The paper claims for a call for action in order to use academic mobility as a tool to meet the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. While academic mobility can and should be understood as part of a broader strategy aiming the dissemination and internationalization of knowledge and skills, acquisition and transfer of good practices, it should not neglect a commitment that through SDGs unites us all: to reduce inequalities and to improve the quality of life among individuals around the world.
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Museanu, Elena, i Roxana Birsanu. "E-LEARNING AND ITS PEDAGOGICAL CHALLENGES FOR TRAINERS". W eLSE 2018. ADL Romania, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-025.
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E-learning is a form of education which has witnessed a gradual increase in popularity in recent years, both at academic level, and in professional environments. This interest has been triggered by globalization, the plethora of information reaching people via a multitude of technological media (the Internet, TV, mobile phones, etc.) and the internationalization of specialized communication. It is a well-known fact that online teaching requires a set of skills which are additional to the ones used in face-to-face learning environments. Consequently, the challenges normally associated with teaching vary with the teaching contexts. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the pedagogical challenges for trainers imparting online learning content for companies. The paper attempts to identify categories of challenges, such as cultural differences (in multinational corporations, local organizations, governmental institutions, military structures, for instance), age of course participants, participants’ approach to the process of learning, position in the company organizational chart, general learner profile with special emphasis on elements of demographics. After detecting some of the above-mentioned challenges, the study further aims to suggest ways in which trainers can acquire and enhance abilities necessary to overcome such obstacles. The analysis relies on Hample and Stickler’s skill pyramid (2005:317), which presents the pedagogical aspects needed for effective online language teaching. These two researchers identify seven key competences that should facilitate the process of communication. By acquiring these competences, trainers can maintain the dynamics of the online education process in terms of communication efficiency, improvement of teaching approaches and adjustment to the changing needs of the online learning communities.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Age at internationalization"
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García, Pablo M., Christian Volpe Martincus i Jerónimo Carballo. Public Programs to Promote Firms' Exports in Developing Countries: Are There Heterogeneous Effects by Size Categories? Inter-American Development Bank, sierpień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011221.
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Several countries have implemented programs to support their firms¿ internationalization efforts. Their impacts are likely to be heterogeneous over firm size categories because these programs are primarily intended and expected to benefit smaller companies. Whether this is or not the case is still an open question. In this paper we aim at filling this gap in the literature by providing evidence on the effects of trade promotion programs on the export performance of firms within different size segments using a rich firm-level dataset for Argentina over the period 2002-2006. We find that these effects are indeed larger for smaller firms.
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Volpe Martincus, Christian, Mauricio Mesquita Moreira, Kati Suominen, Rosario Campos, Álvaro Inchauspe, Luis Torres Paz, Elena Achar Samra i in. Integration & Trade Journal: Volume 17: No. 37: July-December, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008280.
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In spite of the fact that they make up more than 90% of firms and account for a substantial portion of employment in these countries, rather little is known about the role of small- and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) trade. In particular, there are a series of pending yet pivotal questions, such as: To what extent and how do SMEs contribute to their countries exports? How internationalized are LAC SMEs compared to SMEs in other world regions? How diversified are LAC SMEs exports across products and destinations? What are the key bottlenecks to LAC SME internationalization? This issue of the Journal intends to drive a holistic, thoughtful and targeted discussion of patterns of SME internationalization and its major bottlenecks and how they can be (or not) mitigated most effectively.
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Erdoğmuş, Nihat. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE TURKEY OF THE FUTURE. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/gt009.
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This report handles important issues ranging from how to strategically manage the continuously increasing change in higher education to the possibility of a higher education structured on the basis of meeting contemporary demands, from organizing consultancy services suitable to the new career understanding to searches for sustainable sources of finance. This report consists of two primary sections: the need for change in higher education and the vision plan for higher education. The first section addresses preparing for the future in higher education and the need for change, and the second section presents a vision for higher education. The second section contains 12 thematic points regarding the vision for higher education. This section primarily addresses the themes of change and reorganization in higher education while paying attention to its importance, priority, and chain reactions. Afterward, a vision including themes such as access, educational settings, career, and employment skills in a higher education system that centers itself on students is provided. Following these are themes devoted to academicians. The final sub-sections address the themes of social and economic contributions, internationalization, and finance.
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Menuhin, Jonathan. Innovation Ecosystem Management Methodology. Redaktorzy Marcello Basani, Alejandro Minatta i Cecilia Maroñas. Inter-American Development Bank, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012851.
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The main challenges innovation faces in the water, sanitation, and solid waste sector in Latin America and the Caribbean can be split into three categories: governance efforts; sector innovation ecosystem (research, development, and innovation), and water, sanitation, and solid waste utilities. In this line, it is key to acquire knowledge of international experiences to enrich the analysis and thematic discussion on the issue. The III (III) is an NGO that was established in 2011 to promote the development and implementation of innovation addressing global challenges such as transportation, climate change, health, agriculture, aquaculture, and desertification. To this end, The III established innovation ecosystems that connect relevant players with the fields they wish to promote, and created innovation opportunities, always acting objectively and impartially. Over the years, as the III gained experience, it formed a methodology that can be adjusted to and implemented in other sectors and fields to enhance their potential and address existing obstructions. Such methodology can be adopted by NGOs, countries, and regions according to the barriers their ecosystem experiences. Hence, a strategy that one ecosystem chooses may be different from the strategy that suits another. Yet, while the innovation clusters and ecosystems may vary, a common, organizing operational outline can be found in all. The methodology includes tools that were designed to match the development of innovation ecosystems facing new challenges and opportunities. This document opens with a presentation of the positive potential of forming and operating innovation ecosystems and the global trends that make them even more important (section I). The five fields of operation that promote innovation ecosystems are thus presented, each followed by practical examples of relevant tools: (1) market education; (2) social capital creation; (3) access to knowledge; (4) open innovation facilitation; and (5) internationalization in section, alongside practical tools to develop each layer, and the motivation for choosing each, which can assist in selecting from the extensive toolbox (Section II). Finally, some practical tips to start with the right foot are described (Section III).
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Playing the long game: Experimenting Smart Specialisation in the Basque Country 2016-2019. Universidad de Deusto, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ajzo9759.
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Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) represent arguably the most ambitious regional innovation policy ever launched in the EU and as such have posed a major challenge for governments. While developing a smart specialization strategy has not been an entirely new adventure for the Basque Country, which has consistently pursued an industrial strategy over more than thirty years, there is enough novelty in the RIS3 process to pose a challenge even for mature regional innovation policy systems. This report builds on previous analysis of the early implementation of the Basque Country RIS3 (Aranguren et al, 2016) to explore how the processes initially set in motion have subsequently evolved. The focus is on the period 2016-2019 and the analysis is based on interviews with 28 key actors in the Basque RIS3 process alongside a range of other documentary sources. The analysis finds significant changes in the governance of the entrepreneurial discovery processes established in the three strategic priority areas (advanced manufacturing, energy and bio-health) and four opportunity niches (ecosystems, food, urban habitat and creative and cultural industries). These are materializing in changes in the actors engaged and the strategies pursued, and they lead to six core conclusions that might form the basis for recommendations for the future. In line with a ‘living strategy’, a new configuration of priorities is emerging There is an increasing horizontalization taking place, built on cross-cutting concern for internationalization, skills, new business models and entrepreneurship Engaging SMEs remains a huge challenge, and Basque experience points to key roles for cluster associations, local development agencies and vocational training centres The integration of social challenges (and civil society) remains a key challenge, and might take inspiration from Agenda 2030 and from transformative innovation policy or mission-oriented policy approaches There is a specific need for larger, more integrated projects, which will require further adaption of the implementation and policy mix There is need to work on the voice of regions within EU decision-making dynamics and to strengthen coordination across regional initiatives The evolution of the entrepreneurial discovery process observed in the Basque Country sheds light on some of the key issues with the ongoing development of RIS3 across Europe. These include the nature of their experimentalist polity, the further reform of regional research and innovation systems, the rising status of monitoring and evaluation as a strategic diagnostic tool, and the need to re-enforce synergies between EU policy instruments and across EU regions.
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The Competitive Advantage of Nations: A Successful Experience, Realigning the Strategy to Transform the Economic and Social Development of the Basque Country. Universidad de Deusto, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xiqr3861.
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Why do the new economy and welfare societies recommend a new station on the long journey towards competitiveness initiated within the framework of “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, published as long as 25 years ago? A little more than twenty-five years ago, the Basque Country decided to equip itself with its own development strategy, undertaking to meet the challenge of designing its own future. The Basque Country aspired to give itself the maximum degree of self-government as a nation without a State, following its release from a long dictatorship which had plunged it into autarchy and isolation from the Western democracies around it, limiting its ability and responsibility to shape its own destiny and to offer its Society the highest standards of welfare, facing one of the greatest economic, political and social crises of its history and suffering from the ravages of terrorism within an economy castigated by soaring unemployment above 25%, a drop in its GDP, the fall, like dominoes, of its key industrial sectors, locked into the monoculture of the steel and metal working industry, outside the Europe which was being constructed by the then Economic Community of the Six, marginalized as a peripheral area from the future axis and development of the so-called “blue banana” of the London-Milan backbone and with an incipient and inexperienced administration, full of youth and enthusiasm, and a business world undergoing conversion, learning to live with a trade union phenomenon that the former dictatorship had bypassed. Faced with this complex and exciting challenge, those of us who had the privilege of addressing the aforementioned proposal, interpreting (by means of our analyses, as well as the wish to make our desires and dreams come true) the main keys to explain the state of the world economy, the main trends of change and their foreseeable impact on the Basque economy (“What the world economy taught us”), began the task of defining what we call “A strategy for the modernization and internationalization of our economy and our Country” trying to give some meaning to the role expected of the new players (States, city-regions, provinces, etc.), a role in which our small Country, with features of a City-Region, a sub-national entity, an invertebrate area on the two sides of the Pyrenees, could assume the figure of co-protagonist and provide society with a prosperous future. We also needed the framework and tools desirable for tackling the success strategy. We identified the gap between the needs that would be generated by the new paradigms and the tools offered by the existing political-economic framework (contents, skills, potential developments), accompanied by our own Country-strategy, with special emphasis on the initiatives, factors and critical vectors our society would demand and its aspirations for well-being and development. Within this context, the Basque Government approached Michael E. Porter, his ideas and concepts of the moment, and we began a collaborative process (which lasts until this day), constructing much more than our “Competitive Advantage of the Basque Country” in a thrilling and unfinished “Journey towards Competitiveness and Prosperity”. The Basque Country enjoys the privilege of having been the first nation to apply, in a strategic and comprehensive manner, the concepts which, a few years later, came to light in the prestigious publication we celebrate today, titled “The Competitive Advantage of Nations”, which has inspired the design of numerous policies and strategies throughout the world, which has brought about a proliferation of followers, which has trained instructors and which has generated a large number of new researchers and academics, new policy makers, new instruments for competitiveness and extraordinary levels of prosperity throughout the world. Since then, we have shared our own particular project which, alive and changing, responds to the new economic and social challenges and conflicts by constructing and applying a Country strategy with distinctive achievements and results beyond our economic environment. It lies within the conceptual framework inspired by the complementary tripod of Michael E. Porter's conceptual movement in his Competitive Advantage (Competitiveness, Shared Value Initiative and Social Progress) and our contributions learned from day to day in keeping with our vocation, identity, will and commitment. It is a never-ending process based on a model and a way of understanding the former pledge to give ourselves a single strategy designed by and for people.