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Kirton, Teneille. "Racial exploitation and double oppression in selected Bessie Head and Doris Lessing texts". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/232.
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During the era of discrimination and disparity in Southern Africa, racial inequality silenced many black writers. It was the white authors that dominated the literary environment presenting their biased views on social and political concerns; the black authors standpoints were seen as unimportant and they were deemed inferior to the white authors. Consequently, it was particularly difficult for black writers to voice their experiences of living in a society riddled with oppression, prejudice and unequal opportunities. The purpose of this study is to critically compare selected texts by African authors Doris Lessing and Bessie Head, which depict the political and social struggles within Southern African society during the era of unequal opportunities. Lessing and Head’s works present incidents of life experiences in Southern Africa from two contrasting viewpoints. The selected texts explored are: The Grass is Singing and “The Old Chief Mshlanga” by Doris Lessing, a white author, in contrast and comparison to the texts: A Question of Power and “The Collector of Treasures” by Bessie Head, a coloured author. The research for this thesis is conducted from an ethnic literary perspective with careful consideration to critical race theory and cultural studies. From this perspective, the focus of the study is on the struggles that affected both the victim and perpetrator during the apartheid era as well as on the idea that those in power determined what was deemed acceptable and unacceptable, behaviourally and ideologically. Specifically, the plight experienced by the female characters living in a patriarchal society, and the segregation and racial inequality faced by the characters of colour is explored by analysing these characters’ influences, pressures and societal manipulations and constraints in the texts. Thus, this study will provide a more in-depth understanding of Southern African society during the apartheid era and the strategic use of literature to spotlight the subjugation and disparity.
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Walch, Barbara Hunter. "Sallye B. Mathis and Mary L. Singleton: Black pioneers on the Jacksonville, Florida, City Council". UNF Digital Commons, 1988. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/704.
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In 1967 Sallye Brooks Mathis and Mary Littlejohn Singleton were elected the first blacks in sixty years, and the first women ever, to the city council of Jacksonville, Florida. These two women had been raised in Jacksonville in a black community which, in spite of racial discrimination and segregation since the Civil War, had demonstrated positive leadership and cooperative action as it developed its own organizations and maintained a thriving civic life. Jacksonville blacks participated in politics when allowed to do so and initiated several economic boycotts and court suits to resist racial segregation. Black women played an important part in these activities--occasionally in visible leadership roles.
As adults, Sallye Mathis and Mary Singleton· participated as educators, family members and leaders in various community efforts. Both had developed wide contacts and were respected among many blacks and whites. Mary Singleton had learned about politics as the wife of a respected black politician, and Sallye Mathis became a leader in the civil rights struggles of the 1960s in Jacksonville. In 1967, a governmental reform movement in Duval County, a softening of negative racial attitudes, and perhaps their being female aided their victories.
While Sallye Mathis remained on the Jacksonville City Council for fifteen years until her death in 1982, Mary Singleton served in the Florida House of Representatives from 1972 to 1976--the third black in the twentieth century and the first woman from Northeast Florida. From 1976 to 1978 she was appointed director of the Florida Division of Elections and in 1978 she campaigned unsuccessfully for Lt. Governor of Florida.
As government officials, Sallye Mathis and Mary Singleton emphasized the needs of low-income people and were advocates for black interests when they felt it was necessary. They were active as volunteers in numerous other community organizations and projects to further their goals. PALMM
3
Jordan, Cheryl D. "Stories of Resistance: Black Women Corporate Executives Opposing Gendered (Everyday) Racism". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1312461227.
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Letcher, Valerie Helen. "Trespassing beyond the borders Harriet Ward as writer and commentator on the Eastern Cape frontier". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002283.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide an introduction to the work of writer and journalist Harriet Ward, resident in the Eastern Cape from 1842 to 1848. She was a prolific correspondent to various periodicals published both in South Africa and in London. It would be true to say, to judge from the evidence, that she fulfilled a need felt by the British public for information on life and events in South Africa, and that she became the trusted guide of the middle-class reader. Her range covers reports from the frontiers of war, journalistic articles, memoirs, short stories, novels, autobiography, and editions of other writers' work. After the publication of her articles on the Seventh Frontier War (1846-7), she was recognised and respected as a commentator on the situation at the Eastern Cape, an unusual role for a woman at this time. She was also amongst the foremost victorian women writers published from the early eighteen forties until the end of the eighteen-fifties. Harriet Ward has left a vivid historical and sociological account of the Cape frontier, and her observations and judgements provide a hitherto virtually unknown perspective on an important part of South African history and letters. What makes her even more interesting, as this study seeks to show, is that she was far from conventional in her response to her new environment, both as as a woman and as a representative of a colonialist power. The record she has left of her thoughts on the people, landscape and situations of the time has the capacity to surprise the post-colonial literary critic and historian. Her struggle to find a discursive mode in which to express her consciousness of the oppression, patriarchal and colonial, of the marginalised, whether woman, indigene, Afrikaner, or creole, reveals a significantly transgressive or subversive response to the issues of the day. In re-discovering Harriet Ward, we are forced to reassess our assumptions regarding the period of colonial history to which she was a witness.
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Stanford-Randle, Greer Charlotte PhD. "The Enigmatic "Cross-Over" Leadership Life of Dr. Mary McLeod Bethune (1875-1955)". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1510931464259225.
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Ferguson, Janice Y. "Anna Julia Cooper: A Quintessential Leader". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1420567813.
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Roddy, Rhonda Kay. "In search of the self: An analysis of Incidents in the life of a slave girl by Harriet Ann Jacobs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2262.
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In her bibliography, Incidents in the life of a Salve Girl, Harriet Ann Jacobs appropriates the autobiographical "I" in order to tell her own story of slavery and talk back to the dominant culture that enslaves her. Through analysis and explication of the text, this thesis examines Jacobs' rhetorical and psyshological evolution from slave to self as she struggles against patriarchal power that would rob her of her identity as well as her freedom. Included in the discussion is an analysis of the concept of self in western plilosophy, an overview of american autobiography prior to the publication of Jacobs' narrative, a discussion of the history of the slave narrative as a genre, and a discussion of the history of Jacobs' narrative.
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Meares, Carina. "From the rainbow nation to the land of the long white cloud : migration, gender and biography : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology,Massey University, Albany, New Zealand /". Massey University Institutional Repository: From the Rainbow Nation to the Land of the Long White Cloud : migration, gender and biography, 2007. http://muir.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/625.
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Mathevula, N. S. "Promotion of female educators into managment positions at schools in Lulekani Circuit in the Mopani District, Limpopo Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1452.
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Thesis (MPA) --University of Limpopo, 2013The purpose of the study is to explore the views of educators with regard to the promotion of female educators to management positions at primary schools in Lulekani Circuit in the Mopani District, Limpopo Province. Specifically, this research sought to identify the factors perceived by both men and women in management positions and those who are not in management positions to be the cause of the ongoing under-representation of women at school management level. At present there are many more female educators at primary schools in the Lulekani Circuit than there are male educators. However, to date in the circuit there are many more male educators occupying management positions at these primary schools than there are females. A qualitative research method in the form of semi-structured face-to face interviews was used in this study to investigate the perceived and actual barriers and challenges which impede the promotion of female educators to management positions at primary schools in the Lulekani Circuit in the Mopani District, Limpopo Province. Twenty participants, who included both male and female educators, from five primary schools participated in one-on-one, face-to-face interviews for the purpose of this study. The sample included educators who occupy management positions (principals, deputy principals and heads of departments) and those who do not occupy management positions. The study revealed that the under-representation of female educators in management position is a highly complex issue which is influenced by factors ranging from women’s lack of confidence, lack of support from colleagues and family, gender stereotyping, family commitments and pressure from conflicting roles. The exclusion of female educators from management positions is matter of concern because, not only does it exclude a significant section of the South African community from participating in decisions that directly affect them, but it also violates the principles of equality and of the creation of a non-sexist society which are enshrined in the South African Constitution. It is recommended that urgent steps be taken by all stakeholders to ensure equal representation of both male and female educators in management positions at schools. Keywords: Promotion, management position, barriers, leadership, underrepresentation, Gender, stereotypes, glass ceiling
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Ross, Susan Imrie. "The inner image: an examination of the life of Helen Elizabeth Martins leading to her creation The Owl House and A Camel Yard as outsider art". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002227.
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The Owl House is situated in the Karoo village of Nieu Bethesda, and the person responsible for its creation, Helen Elizabeth Martins (1897-1976), is South Africa's best known Outsider artist. A number of newspaper and magazine articles, television programmes, radio interviews, play, films, short stories, theses and art works have resulted directly from her work. Interest in The Owl House continues to grow, with visitors coming from all over South Africa, and various parts of the world,to visit it. The Owl House was Helen Martins' home for most of her 78 years. During the last 30 or so years of her life she devoted all her time and energy to transforming the interior of her house into a glistening fantasy world of colour and light, using crushed glass stuck to almost every surface, coloured glass pane inserts in the walls, mirrors of many sizes and shapes, and countless paraffin lamps and candles. She called her garden' A Camel Yard', and filled it with over 500 cement statues, structures and bas reliefs. All the labour involved, apart from crushing and sorting the coloured glass, was provided by at least four different men, who assisted her over the years, Johannes Hattingh, Jonas Adams, Piet van der Merwe and Koos Malgas, though Helen Martins was the inspiration and director behind it all. Through a study of Helen Martins' background and life, and their effects upon her psyche, a rigorous attempt has been made to reach some understanding of why she became a recluse, and what caused her to create this unique body of work comprising her entire domestic environment. She became increasingly asocial as her life progressed, and ultimately ended it by committing suicide in 1976. Through the universality of symbolism, the meanings of the subjects, themes and concerns which she chose to depict are studied. Then, together with some knowledge of her life and personal influences, an attempt has been made to deduce what it was that Helen Martins was trying to express and work through in her creations. This study also led to an awareness of the fact that, although each one is unique, there are many examples of Outsider Art throughout the world. Fundamentally, creators of Outsider Art remain asocial in relation to their cultural milieu and cultural context. Some other examples of Outsider Art, both in South Africa as well as in Europe and India, were visited, and are described and compared with The Owl House as well as with one another. The way in which society reacts or responds to Outsider Art and its creators is studied through the comprehensive records of one specific case which caused great controversy in Johannesburg during the 1970s. Ultimately, working alone or with assistance, it is the Outsider artist who is the driving force behind these unique works, and whose indefinable inner fire of passion alone makes it possible to bring them into being. It would seem that the fascination with Outsider Art is that through their work, creators allow others a glimpse into a different sense of reality which is both mysterious and inexplicable.
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Msane, Thokozile Patience. "Life histories of three African women school principals in the Ethekwini region". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1381.
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Relying on the standard conventions and techniques of life-history methodology in the Social Sciences, this study explores the professional or career histories of selected women principals in the EThekwini region. The study examines the relationship between gender and self-portrayal on the one hand, and gender and school leadership, on the other hand. Thus the central focus of the study is on the different ways in which women principals define themselves and are defined by others, especially their colleagues and the communities served by their schools. The study also looks at the ways in which key management structures such as School Management Teams (SMTs) and School Governing Bodies (SGBs) deal with the issues relating to gender equality in school leadership, management and governance. The dissertation also tackles the· complex relationship between private (personal) and professional identities and how these are constructed and continually re-constructed within the context of school management and leadership. The study is recognizably qualitative in orientation and therefore does not set out to formulate general principles about gender and school management. Instead the intention is to gain some insight into the relatively unique lives of individual women managers in education.Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2005.
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Jerrey, Lento Mzukisi. "A critical investigation to the concept of the double consciousness in selected African-American autobiographies". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19665.
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The study critically investigated the concept of ―Double Consciousness‖ in selected African-American autobiographies. In view of the latter, W.E.B. Du Bois defined double consciousness as a condition of being both black and American which he perceived as the reason black people were/are being discriminated in America. The study demonstrated that creative works such as Harriet Jacobs‘ Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl: Told by Herself, Frederick Douglass‘ The Narrative of Frederick Douglass, W.E.B. Du Bois‘ The Souls of Black Folk, Booker T. Washington‘s Up from Slavery, Langston Hughes‘ The Big Sea, Zora Neale Hurston Dust Tracks on a Road, Malcolm X‘s The Autobiography of Malcolm X, Maya Angelou‘s All God’s Children Need Travelling Shoes, Cornel West‘s Brother West: Living and Loving Out Loud and bell hooks‘ Bone Black affirm double consciousness as well as critiqued the concept, revealing new layers of identities and contested sites of struggle in African-American society. The study used a qualitative method to analyse and argue that there are ideological shifts that manifest in the creative representation of the idea of double consciousness since slavery. Some relevant critical voices were used to support, complicate and question the notion of double consciousness as represented in selected autobiographies. The study argued that there are many identities in the African-American communities which need attention equal to that of race. The study further argued that double consciousness has been modified and by virtue of this, authors suggested multiple forms of consciousness.English Studies
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Pillay, Thavamani. "The artistic practices of contemporary South African Indian women artists : how race, class and gender affect the making of visual art". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18736.
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In view of the scarcity of Indian women in the South African art field, this study investigates how issues of race, class and gender can affect the decision to become and sustain a career as a professional artist. By exploring the historical background of the Indian community and their patriarchal mind set it becomes clear that women's roles in this community have always been prescribed by tradition and cultural values, despite western influence. Moreover the legacy of apartheid created a situation in which black artists, especially women. have not always benefitted in terms of career opportunities. The research is based on case studies of five Indian women who have received due recognition as artists: Lalitha Jawahirilal, Usha Seejarim, Sharlene Khan, Simmi Dullay and Reshma Chhiba. These artists' lives, careers and artistic output are closely studied, documented and critically interpreted using key concepts such as orientalism, black feminism and post colonialism.Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology
M.A. (Art History)
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Thango, Linda Thokozile. "Scratching where it itches in the autobiographies of Harriet Jacob's incidents in the life of a slave girl and Bhanu Kapil's Schizophrene". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24470.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Johannesburg, 2017Set within a revisionist and feminist context, this thesis seeks to draw parallels in the autobiographical texts of Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) written by an African American ex-enslaved and Schizophrene (2011) penned by Bhanu Kapil, a British born Asian American, a descendant of a generation that live (d) through/with ‘what happened in a particular country on a particular day in August 14th 1947’ (Quaid). These literary representations will constitute the corpus of this research paper as it attempts to examine how these autobiographies draw attention to and break the notion of prevailing dominant geographies of oppression. In both texts, the authors juxtapose appropriation and hegemony with an alternative literary geographic narrative that seeks to recuperate the liminal (black) body and psyche. This research paper will seek to explore the multiple and interrelated ways in which both authors employ certain strategic mechanisms to re-appropriate tools of social power, thus exposing the frailties of their respective oppressive histories by disrupting their continued, albeit imagined stronghold on them. In employing their autobiographies as anthropological arsenals, these authors seem to demonstrate the manner in which history has attempted through its numerous sites of oppression not only to construct black victims and mere black bodies but also to un-write and evacuate its untidiness. These autobiographies will be employed to reconstruct and re-imagine the authors but symbolically the collective black body as more than objects but rather as humans with subjectivities and self-assertion. The paper further seeks to understand how these autobiographies tend to a vicious past of slavery and partition and how they translate these memories, remembering the depth of their experiences whilst also being haunted by their contemporary echoes. An accent will be given to the ambivalence, perversions and anxieties of these autobiographies.
XL2018
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Tayler, Judith Anne. "With her shoulder to the wheel: the public life of Erika Theron (1907-1990)". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4943.
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This thesis is a biographical study of Erika Theron (1907-1990), an Afrikaner woman who played a significant role in many aspects of public life in South Africa in a critical time in the country‘s history. The study seeks to give recognition to her achievements, which have received scant attention in a historiography with a masculine bias. At the same time it examines her changing role from collaborator to critic of the apartheid system.
Certain defining features of Theron‘s life have been highlighted. First, Theron grew up in a staunchly Afrikaner nationalist, service-oriented family which encouraged loyalty to her own people and civic responsibility. Second, she was unusual among Afrikaner women of her generation, in that she was highly educated, independent and ready to assume leadership roles. She became a pioneer in a number of fields, attaining high professional rank and holding important public offices – frequently as the first woman to do so in the country.
The thesis focuses on five areas of Theron‘s public life. After returning from post-graduate studies abroad, she worked with Hendrik Verwoerd in the campaign to uplift poor whites, particularly the rehabilitation and re-integration of the Afrikaner poor. She thereafter commenced a long career as a social work academic, which included a number of milestones for her new discipline, for the profession of social work and for the advancement of women in academia. From the 1950s she served on the town council of Stellenbosch, including terms as deputy mayor and mayor. She played an important role in historic conservation but was also instrumental in the rigorous institution of apartheid structures in the town during the early days of National Party rule. In the early 1970s she served as chairman of the Commission of Enquiry into Coloured Affairs which influenced her personal views on the country‘s race policies. She became a public critic of many aspects of the apartheid system and vocal advocate for coloured rights.History
D. Litt. et Phil. (History)
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Coullie, Judith Lutge. "Self, life and writing in selected South African autobiographical texts". Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8638.
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Autobiographical writing acquired increasing importance during the apartheid period, with greater numbers of autobiographical texts being published by a more representative range of South Africans across race, class and gender categories. This thesis analyzes the implications of shifts in autobiographical production, in English, during the years 1948-1994 through the examination of selected texts. The readings are informed by poststructuralism, modified by information about indigenous black South African cultural practices, as well as by input supplied by some of the autobiographical texts themselves. This theoretical approach may be referred to as a "pratique de metissage" (Glissant). The texts selected for close reading are from a field of over 120 autobiographical texts. They were chosen for their ability to illustrate important trends in South African autobiographical writing, specifically with regard to the three constituent parts of autobiography: autos, bios, and graphe. The chapter dealing with the depiction of self interrogates the hierarchized discourses of male-biased humanism in Roy Campbell's Light on a Dark Horse (1951). In Ellen Kuzwayo's Call Me Woman (1985) I analyze the melding of the conceptual frameworks of indigenous
black cultures and Western individualism by which the autobiographical subject is defined. Breyten Breytenbach's The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (1984) is read as an exploration of the postmodernist decentred self. In the chapter focusing on the portrayal of life experiences, I examine the ways in which the narrator of Albert Luthuli's Let My People Go (1962) seeks to secure the reader's approval of his version of recent South African history; while the analysis of the sub-genre referred to
here as worker autobiography is principally concerned with the politics of life-writing. In Chapter 5, I look at how Godfrey Moloi's My Life: Volume One (1987) uses the discourses of popular American movies of the 40s and 50s in order to validate a self victimized by racism, and also at the ways in which Lyndall Gordon's Shared Lives (1992) probes the limits and possibilities of biography through autobiographical speculation. In general, apartheid autobiography moves away from individualism to contribute, through various means, to social and political change.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.
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Nortje, Sandra. "Die vrou as outobiograaf: die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1703.
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This dissertation is a report on a study about autobiography as genre, focusing on the voice
of the white, Afrikaans-speaking woman. The point of departure for this study was a survey
of the number of autobiographies written in Afrikaans by these women. With the focus on
the limited number of such autobiographies three autobiographies were studied, namely,
Met die Boere in die veld (Sarah Raal), My beskeie deel (M.E.R.) and 'n Wonderlike geweld
(Elsa Joubert). Within the framework of the complexity systems theory the role of the
observer (author/reader) was studied to determine the possibility of demonstrating that
when reading/writing an autobiography, some epistemological changes may occur,
manifesting as conceptual changes in the mind of the observer. It could be demonstrated
that because of women's sensitivity to interpersonal relationships they are capable of acting
as unique registers of the complexity of individual existence, while remaining aware of the
constant influence, effect and needs of the other.AFRIKAANS & THEORY OF LIT
MA (AFRIKAANS)
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Sauer, Christof 1963. "Reaching the unreached Sudan Belt : Guinness, Kumm and the Sudan-Pioneer-Mission". Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/891.
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This missiological project seeks to study the role of the Guinnesses and Kumms in reaching the
Sudan Belt, particularly through the Sudan-Pionier-Mission (SPM) founded in 1900.
The term Sudan Belt referred to Africa between Senegal and Ethiopia, at that period one of the
largest areas unreached by Christian missionaries. Grattan Guinness (1835-1910) at that time was
the most influential promoter of faith missions for the Sudan. The only initiative based in
Germany was the SPM, founded by Guinness, his daughter Lucy (1865-1906), and her German husband
Karl Kumm (1874-1930). Kumm has undeservedly been forgotten, and his early biography as a
missionary and explorer in the deserts of Egypt is here brought to light again.
The early SPM had to struggle against opposition in Germany. Faith missions were
considered unnecessary, and missions to Muslims untimely by influential representatives of
classical missions. The SPM was seeking to reach the Sudan Belt via the Nile from Aswan. The most
promising figure for this venture was the Nubian Samuel Ali Hiseen (1863-1927), who accomplished a
scripture colportage tour through Nubia. Unfortunately, he was disregarded by the first German
missionary, Johannes Kupfemagel (1866-1937).
When the SPM failed to reach the Sudan Belt due to political restrictions, Kumm and the
SPM board were divided in their strategies. Kumm planned to pursue a new route via the Niger River,
seeking support in Great Britain rather independently. The SPM, holding on to Aswan, dismissed
Kumm, and began to decline until it made a new start in 1905, but for a long time remained a
local mission work in Upper Egypt. The Sudan United Mission however, founded by the Kumms in 1904,
did indeed reach the Sudan Belt.
An analysis of the SPM reveals its strengths and weaknesses. The SPM grew out of the Holiness
movement and shared the urgency, which made faith missions successful, but also was the SPM's
weakness, as it suffered from ill-preparedness. The SPM innovatively gathered together
single women from the nobility in a community of service for missions under its
chairman, Pastor Theodor Ziemendorff (1837-:1912).Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
D.Th. (Missiology)