Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / African americans – migrations – history

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „African americans – migrations – history”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 26 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 27 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Blocker, Jack S. "Writing African American Migrations". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 10, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781410000150.

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Efforts to write the history of the African American migrations of the Civil War era, the Gilded Age, and the Progressive Era began soon after the start of these historically significant movements. Early scholarship labored to surmount the same methodological obstacles faced by modern scholars, notably scarce documentation, but still produced pathbreaking studies such as W. E. B. Du Bois'sThe Philadelphia Negro, Carter Woodson'sA Century of Negro Migration, and Clyde Kiser'sSea Island to City. Modern scholarship since the 1950s falls into eight distinct genres. An assessment of representative works in each genre reveals a variety of configurations of strengths and weaknesses, while offering guidelines for future research.

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Peters, T. Ralph. "Finklebine, Sources Of The African-American Past - Primary Sources In American History; Thomas, Ed., Plessy C. Ferguson - A Bried History With Documents". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, nr 2 (1.09.1998): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.98-100.

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Two new works document the history of African-American struggle for equal rights in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Finklebine's work, Sources of the African-American Past: Primary Sources in American History, is a welcome addition to the primary source literature on the perpuity of, and challenges to, the social positions African Americans inhabited from the slave trade through recent times. Organized chronologically along topical lines, the book covers the slave trade, the colonial experience, the Revolution, free blacks, slavery, black abolitionism, emancipation, Reconstruction, segregation, progressivism, the New Deal, the two World Wars, migration, school segregation, the civil rights movement, black nationalism, and African Americans since 1968.

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Walvin, James. "Rethinking Atlantic History". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, nr 3-4 (1.01.2009): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002455.

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[First paragraph]Shaping the Stuart World 1603-1714: The Atlantic Connection. Allan I. Macinnes & Arthur H. Williamson (eds.). Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2006. xiv + 389 pp. (Cloth US$ 135.00)Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America. Kenneth Morgan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. x + 221 pp. (Paper US$ 32.00)Although an important debate continues about the concept itself, the use of “the Atlantic” has embedded itself in scholarly vernacular. The scholarly output directly spawned by an engagement with the concept continues apace. That ocean, and the peoples who lived and traded along its edges, and who finally moved across it, have provided an important geographical focus for some major reconsiderations of modern history. Prompted by the Macinnes/Williamson volume, I returned to my own undergraduate and graduate notes and essays from courses on Stuart Britain: the Atlantic was totally absent – not even present as a distant speck on our intellectual map. We studied, and debated, the formal histories of migrations to the Americas (i.e. Europeanmigrations) but there was no mention of Africa or Africans. And no sense was conveyed that the European engagement with the Americas (in their totality – as opposed to North America) was a two-way, mutual force: that the European world was influenced, indeed shaped in many critical regards,by the Americas: by the land, the products, the peoples, and by the markets of that hemisphere. At its most obvious in the ebb and flow of peoples, even that eluded the historians I encountered as a student. It was as if we were talking about a different cosmos; few moved beyond the conventions of European migrations westwards and little attention was paid to that most dominant of migrations – the enforced African migrations to the Americas.

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Sawadogo, Boukary. "Presence and exhibition of African film in Harlem". Journal of African Cinemas 12, nr 2-3 (1.12.2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jac_00034_1.

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Throughout the twentieth-century American history, the circulation of African arts in the New York City runs parallel with African American activism. The African on-screen presence in Harlem needs to be examined in this broader context in order to better grasp the historical trajectory of its development in the neighbourhood and also the encounters and exchanges between Africans and African Americans. Today, the increased interest in African screen media productions result from the confluence of two phenomena: the current Black renaissance and the reconfigurations of African cinema under the influence of migration. Harlem is once again playing a pivotal role in the dissemination of African culture, specifically African cinema in the New York City.

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Zeleza, Paul Tiyambe. "Building intellectual bridges: from African studies and African American studies to Africana studies in the United States". Afrika Focus 24, nr 2 (25.02.2011): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02402003.

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The study of Africa and its peoples in the United States has a complex history. It has involved the study of both an external and internal other, of social realities in Africa and the condition of people• of African descent in the United States. This paper traces and examines the complex intellectual, institutional, and ideological histories and intersections of African studies and African American studies. It argues that the two fields were founded by African American scholar activists as part of a Pan-African project before their divergence in the historically white universities after World War II in the maelstrom of decolonization in Africa and civil rights struggles in the United States. However, from the late 1980s and 1990s, the two fields began to converge, a process captured in the development of what has been called Africana studies. The factors behind this are attributed to both demographic shifts in American society and the academy including increased African migrations in general and of African academics in particular fleeing structural adjustment programs that devastated African universities, as well as the emergence of new scholarly paradigms especially the field of diaspora studies. The paper concludes with an examination of the likely impact of the Obama era on Africana studies.

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Björk, Ulf Jonas. "Race War Flares Up: Chicago’s Swedish Press, the Great Migration, and the 1919 Riots". American Studies in Scandinavia 51, nr 1 (2.03.2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v51i1.5788.

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This study of the three large Swedish-language weeklies in Chicago examines how they covered the city’s African-American community during the latter half of the 1910s, a time when blacks migrated to the North in huge numbers. In Chicago, the result was that the African-American population almost tripled between 1910 and 1920. Little of that was visible in the columns of the weeklies, however, with only a handful of items telling readers that blacks were arriving in record numbers. What news there was about African-Americans, moreover, tended to portray them as criminals. Consequently, the riots that shook Chicago in late July 1919 seemed to take the editors of the weeklies by surprise. A major explanation for the Swedish weeklies’ coverage was that they relied almost exclusively on the city’s English-language dailies for news that did not concern their own ethnic group and thus mirrored the negative way the dailies portrayed African-Americans.

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Stern, Steve J. "Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics". Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (marzec 1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023750.

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The Quandary of 1492The year 1492 evokes a powerful symbolism.1The symbolism is most charged, of course, among peoples whose historical memory connects them directly to the forces unleashed in 1492. For indigenous Americans, Latin Americans, minorities of Latino or Hispanic descent, and Spaniards and Portuguese, the sense of connection is strong. The year 1492 symbolises a momentous turn in historical destiny: for Amerindians, the ruinous switch from independent to colonised history; for Iberians, the launching of a formative historical chapter of imperial fame and controversy; for Latin Americans and the Latino diaspora, the painful birth of distinctive cultures out of power-laden encounters among Iberian Europeans, indigenous Americans, Africans, and the diverse offspring who both maintained and blurred the main racial categories.But the symbolism extends beyond the Americas, and beyond the descendants of those most directly affected. The arrival of Columbus in America symbolises a historical reconfiguration of world magnitude. The fusion of native American and European histories into one history marked the beginning of the end of isolated stagings of human drama. Continental and subcontinental parameters of human action and struggle, accomplishment and failure, would expand into a world stage of power and witness. The expansion of scale revolutionised cultural and ecological geography. After 1492, the ethnography of the humanoid other proved an even more central fact of life, and the migrations of microbes, plants and animals, and cultural inventions would transform the history of disease, food consumption, land use, and production techniques.2In addition, the year 1492 symbolises the beginnings of the unique world ascendance of European civilisation.

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Gottlieb, Peter. "Kimberley L. Phillips, Alabama North: African-American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915–45. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999. xv + 334 pp. $59.95 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 60 (październik 2001): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547901304532.

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Kimberley Phillips adds a fine study of African-Americans' northward migration, community development, and working-class formation to a series of similar works published in the 1980s and 1990s. Alabama North opens new reaches of African-Americans' early twentieth century experience in both North and South, but especially in Cleveland, a major industrial city and significant destination for Southern black migrants. We have known most about the city's African-American community at this time from the landmark study of ghetto development by Ken Kusmer, published in 1976. Like the more recent field of research which has examined black migration and migrants in Northern industrial cities, Phillips focuses her study not on the spatial and social aspects of African-Americans' increasingly segregated community but on the racial, class, and gender dynamics that produced a particular form of community in Cleveland.

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Alex-Assensoh, Yvette M. "African Americans, African Immigrants and Homeland-Diaspora Development in Africa". African Diaspora 3, nr 2 (2010): 207–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187254610x526922.

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Abstract Mainstream understandings of nation-state development focus primarily on economic factors, consequently rendering invisible other viable ways, through which important development occurs in African societies. In extending the current theoretical framework beyond its focus on economics to encompass political, human capital and technological development, this article provides evidence linking African Americans to African attempts at development, first in Ethiopia, which remained uncolonised until 1938 and then through Ghana, which became the first sub-Saharan African nation to gain its independence from British colonial rule. The resulting theoretical payoff includes a broadened concept of development, which much more accurately represents and predicts reality. Empirically, the findings offer much-needed insight about the relationship, correspondence and differences between African historical Diaspora in the United States and more recent migration movements from African countries.

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Karandeev, Ivan, i Valery Achkasov. "A HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICAN SEPARATISM IN THE UNITED STATES". Political Expertise: POLITEX 19, nr 3 (2023): 461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu23.2023.307.

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This article analyzes the history of the development of the phenomenon of radical African-American movements classified as separatist. The roots of the phenomenon go back to the abolitionist movement of the mid-19th century, but most of these movements appeared in the USA in the 1920s - 1960s, after the migration of African Americans from the southern states, referred to the «black belt» to the industrialized states of the North and their concentration in ethnically homogeneous ghettos of large cities with a disadvantaged socio-economic situation. Irredentist movements that appealed to the construction of African-American identity based on ethnic and cultural nationalism, such as «Back to Africa», which aimed at universal immigration of blacks from the United States, and interpreting the religion «Nation of Islam», gained particular popularity. Separatist movements acted as a radical alternative to the Civil Rights Movement, and the figure of activist Malcolm X, who came out of the Nation of Islam, became a counterweight to Martin Luther King. With the development of the anti-colonial movement in third world countries, organizations such as the Black Panthers and the Republic of New Africa turned to the right of nations to self-determination and left-wing anti-imperialist rhetoric. The activities of other organizations, for example, the Black Liberation Army, can be characterized as terrorist. Later organizations, such as the New Black Panther Party, are often characterized by experts as «hate groups». Although with the success of the integration policy, the popularity of separatist demands has fallen, the actions of African-American nationalist organizations in the conditions of polarization of modern American politics indicate that the forms of struggle of the African-American community for political independence in the future are not exhausted.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Page, Brian Daniel. "Local Matters: Race, Place, and Community Politics After the Civil War". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1249417207.

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Rodgers, Camillia Z. "Revelations from the Dead: Using Funeral Home Records to Help Reconstruct the History of Black Toledo". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1308683010.

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Elkan, Daniel Acosta. "The Colonia Next Door: Puerto Ricans in the Harlem Community, 1917-1948". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1505772980183977.

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Anderson, Roger D. "Perspectives on select U.S. black migrations and a case study of black migration to South Florida, 1995-2000 a test of migrant selectivity theory and the role of nativity /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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O'Neil, Patrick E. "Exercising their Freedom: The Great African-American Migration and Blacks Who Remained in the South, 1915-1920". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626273.

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Washington, Julius C. "Historic preservation, history, and the African American a discussion and framework for change /". Thesis, Atlanta, Georgia. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA252306.

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Thesis (Master of City Planning) Georgia Institute of Technology, March 1991.
"March 6, 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 8, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126). Also available in print.

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McCammack, Brian James. "Recovering Green in Bronzeville: An Environmental and Cultural History of the African American Great Migration to Chicago, 1915-1940". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10330.

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Between 1915 and 1940, millions of African Americans migrated from the South to cities in the North. “Recovering Green in Bronzeville” examines the ways in which these migrants experienced, perceived, talked about, valued, and shaped these natural and landscaped environments in the interwar years. Taking Chicago as its focal point, this dissertation argues that not only should African Americans be central to narratives of environment and place in the early twentieth century, but also that natural and landscaped environments are central to African American culture. The dissertation’s first part compares and contrasts the environmental resonance of lives left behind in the South with those established in Chicago, particularly with regards to foodways and labor. It asserts that while many African Americans had already become integrated into national industrial networks prior to migration, residence in even the most urban southern city could not have prepared them for Chicago’s densely populated South Side. The dissertation’s second part explores the significance of African American experiences with both urban and rural natural and landscaped environments from roughly 1915 to 1929. It shows how African Americans joined a chorus of late Progressive Era Americans who saw these environments as an antidote to modern city life that produced ill health and delinquency, as well as how race – through the discourses of respectability, uplift, and primitivism – uniquely inflected their approaches to those places. Primarily grounding its analysis in a few specific sites – Chicago’s Washington Park; Idlewild, an African American resort in rural Michigan; and Camp Wabash, a YMCA youth camp in rural Michigan – it also reveals black Chicagoans as a mobile population that regularly accessed the rural North. The dissertation’s third part considers how African Americans’ connections to these same environments evolved during the Depression, adding an analysis of segregated African American Civilian Conservation Corps companies which, with the labor of black Chicagoans, radically altered the landscapes of rural Illinois and Michigan. On the whole, African Americans focused on building communities in natural and landscaped environments separate from whites in a cultural context defined by widespread poverty, New Deal-era politics and agencies, increasing segregation, and diminished migration.

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Cosby, Bruce. "Technological politics and the political history of African-Americans". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9543185.

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This dissertation is a critical study of technopolitical issues in the history of African American people. Langdon Winner's theory of technopolitics was used to facilitate the analysis of large scale technologies and their compatibility with various political ends. I contextualized the central technopolitical issues within the major epochs of African American political history: the Atlantic slave trade, the African artisans of antebellum America, and the American Industrial Age. Throughout this study I have sought to correct negative stereotypes and to show how "technological gauges" were employed to belittle people of African descent. This research also has shown that the mainstream notion that Africans had no part in the history of technology is false. This study identifies and analyses specific technologies that played a major role in the political affairs of Africans and African Americans. Those technologies included nautical devices, fort construction, and automatic guns in Africa, and hoes, plows, tractors, cotton gins, and the mechanical cotton pickers in America. The findings of this study suggested that African Americans have been disengaged and victimized by western technologies. This dissertation proposes how to overcome the oppressive uses of technology.

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Vaughn, Curtis L. "Freedom Is Not Enough| African Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County". Thesis, George Mason University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3671770.

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Prior to the Civil War, the lives of free African Americans in Fairfax County, Virginia were both ordinary and extraordinary. Using the land as the underpinning of their existence, they approached life using methods that were common to the general population around them. Fairfax was a place that was undergoing a major transition from a plantation society to a culture dominated by self-reliant people operating small farms. Free African Americans who were able to gain access to land were a part of this process allowing them to discard the mantle of dependency associated with slavery. Nevertheless, as much as ex-slaves and their progeny attempted to live in the mainstream of this rural society, they faced laws and stereotypes that the county's white population did not have to confront. African Americans' ability to overcome race-based obstacles was dependent upon using their labor for their own benefit rather than for the comfort and profit of a former master or white employer.

When free African Americans were able to have access to the labor of their entire family, they were more likely to become self-reliant, but the vestiges of the slave system often stymied independence particularly for free women. Antebellum Fairfax had many families who had both slave and free members and some families who had both white and African American members. These divisions in families more often adversely impacted free African American women who could not rely on the labor of an enslaved husband or the lasting attention of a white male. Moreover, families who remained intact were more likely to be able to care for children and dependent aging members, while free African American females who headed households often saw their progeny subjected to forced apprenticeships in order for the family to survive.

Although the land provided the economic basis for the survival of free African Americans, the county's location along the border with Maryland and the District of Columbia also played a role in the lives of the county's free African American population. Virginia and its neighbors remained slave jurisdictions until the Civil War, but each government wished to stop the expansion of slavery within its borders. Each jurisdiction legislated against movement of new slaves into their territory and attempted to limit the movement of freed slaves into their jurisdictions. Still, in a compact border region restricting such movement was difficult. African Americans used the differences of laws initially to petition for freedom. As they gained access to the court system, free African Americans expanded their use of the judiciary by bringing their grievances before the courts which sided with the African American plaintiffs with surprising regularity. Although freed slaves and their offspring had few citizenship rights, they were able to use movement across borders and the ability to gain a hearing for their grievances to achieve increasing autonomy from their white neighbors.

No one story from the archives of the Fairfax County Courthouse completely defines the experience of free African Americans prior to the Civil War, but collectively they chronicle the lives of people who were an integral part of changing Fairfax County during the period. After freedom, many African Americans left Fairfax either voluntarily or through coercion. For those who stayed, their lives were so inter-connected both socially and economically with their white neighbors that any history of the county cannot ignore their role in the evolution of Fairfax.

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Chapi, Aicha. "Towards a reading of Toni Morrison's fiction : African-American history, the arts and contemporary theory /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19671441.

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Książki na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Harris, Irene. African American migrations in North America. PowerKids Press: New York, 2016.

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Sioux, Tracee. African American migration. New York: PowerKids Press, 2004.

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Phillips, Kimberley L. Daily life during African American migrations. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood, 2012.

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George King & Associates., red. Goin' to Chicago: A documentary film. Alanta, Ga: George King & Associates, 2001.

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1957-, Adero Malaika, red. Up South: Stories, studies, and letters of this century's Black migrations. New York: New Press, 1993.

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Cunningham, Kevin. African-American migration. Chicago, Ill: Raintree, 2012.

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Berlin, Ira. The making of African America: The four great migrations. New York: Viking, 2010.

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Berlin, Ira. The making of African America: The four great migrations. New York: Viking, 2010.

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Rutkoff, Peter M. Fly away: The great African American cultural migrations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

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Rutkoff, Peter M. Fly away: The great African American cultural migrations. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

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Części książek na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Noel, A. Cazenave. "Violence-Centered Racial Control Systems and Mechanisms In U.S. History". W Killing African Americans, 80–121. New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: New critical viewpoints on society series: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429507045-3.

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Akurang-Parry, Kwabena O., i Isaac Indome. "Colonialism and African Migrations". W The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History, 373–88. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_15.

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Coleman, Robin R. Means. "African Americans and Broadcasting". W A Companion to the History of American Broadcasting, 389–412. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118646151.ch18.

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Earle, Jonathan. "The Great Migration". W The Routledge Atlas of African American History, 126–28. Wyd. 2. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003123477-38.

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Fynn Bruey, Veronica, i Heaven Crawley. "The Enduring Impacts of Slavery: A Historical Perspective on South–South Migration". W The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality, 25–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_2.

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AbstractIt is impossible to understand contemporary forms and experiences of South–South migration without first understanding the history of migration between countries generally classified as the “Global South”—the Majority World—and the enduring effects of slavery. This chapter begins with a historical overview and reflections on the present-day legacies of the transatlantic slave trade, the single largest forced migration between the countries of the Majority World, which mainly took place between countries in West Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Applying the “Global South” as a critical concept, this chapter examines the lasting impacts of the transatlantic enslavement of Black African peoples as a precursor of contemporary forms of South–South migration and associated responses, representation, and challenges. Arguing that much South–South migration is rooted in historical antecedents, the chapter also highlights the contemporary consequences of slavery for Liberia, where the return of captured and emancipated slaves led directly to the civil wars that devastated the country between 1989 and 2003, leading to significant displacement into other parts of West Africa.

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Robbins, Janice I., i Carol L. Tieso. "How Might Equality be Achieved for African Americans?" W Engaging with History in the Classroom, 49–65. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234937-5.

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Loue, Sana. "African Americans: History and Experience as the “Other”". W SpringerBriefs in Social Work, 1–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9002-9_1.

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Zeigler Momma, Mary B. "Migration and Motivation in the Development of African American Vernacular English". W A Companion to the History of the English Language, 509–20. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444302851.ch50.

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Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H. "History and Culture of Muslims in America". W Arab Americans in the United States, 25–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7417-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive review of the history of Muslims in America. The chapter will be divided into three sections. The first section reviews the history of Muslims in America, including African American Muslims, Arab American Muslims, and South Asian American Muslims, and their immigration history, as well as Islamic movements and the groups’ relationships. The second section of the chapter will discuss the significance of mosques in the lives of American Muslim immigrants. This section will include ethnographic observations related to the experience of visiting mosques and the dynamic political and religious roles of mosques in Dearborn, MI. The third section of the chapter addresses the culture and identity of American Muslim immigrants as they relate to family and marriage, gender roles, and identity formation.

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Gazit, Ofer. "History". W Jazz Migrations, 92–113. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197682777.003.0005.

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Abstract Chapter 4, “History,” uses the notion of storytelling to consider the ways in which Japanese migrant musicians negotiate the jazz canon as a “musical border” in their performances. Building on recent debates about the marginalization and audibility of Asian American musicians in jazz scholarship, the chapter considers the relationships of several New York–based Japanese musicians to the African American jazz tradition. It then provides an analysis of a performance by the Kenji Yoshitake Trio at the Japanese-owned Tomi Jazz club, to show how musicians reflect these relationships in their playing. Finally, it considers how these musicians evoke the African American history of jazz while negotiating demands for originality, sonic identity, and “freedom.”

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Gitiaux, Xavier, i Huzefa Rangwala. "mdfa: Multi-Differential Fairness Auditor for Black Box Classifiers". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/814.

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Machine learning algorithms are increasingly involved in sensitive decision-making processes with adversarial implications on individuals. This paper presents a new tool, mdfa that identifies the characteristics of the victims of a classifier's discrimination. We measure discrimination as a violation of multi-differential fairness. Multi-differential fairness is a guarantee that a black box classifier's outcomes do not leak information on the sensitive attributes of a small group of individuals. We reduce the problem of identifying worst-case violations to matching distributions and predicting where sensitive attributes and classifier's outcomes coincide. We apply mdfa to a recidivism risk assessment classifier widely used in the United States and demonstrate that for individuals with little criminal history, identified African-Americans are three-times more likely to be considered at high risk of violent recidivism than similar non-African-Americans.

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SMITH, JENNIFER. "Placemaking through Storytelling: Remembering Sacred Spaces". W 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.15.

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In an Alabama town there is a bottom-up movement to communicate under-represented, African-American history through a series of “sacred sites” in the landscape. This under- represented history includes: former slaves engaged in early city development, Black land owners, redlining practices, and racial injustice. History education presently does not have the capacity to fully discuss these truths, and there is a movement to make them apparent in our cities. Rosenwald Schools, lynching sites, cemeteries, and formerly segregated schools are considered sacred due to their significance in the African- American and simply, American experience. In The Power of Place Dolores Hayden argues that we are fascinated with the past when touring historic sites but miss opportunities to translate this to our neighborhoods imbued with place- making potential. She states, “If Americans were to find their own social history preserved in the public landscapes of their own neighborhoods and cities, then connection to the past might be different” (Hayden, 46). This connection to place and history exists for local African-American families and has potential to engage a collective city. While some histories are painful, all should be evident for united progress. As stated by a Community Remembrance Project member, “There can be no reconciliation and healing without remembering the past” (2021).

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Prazma, Charlene, Hao Li, Robert Y. Suruki, Wayne H. Anderson i Hector G. Ortega. "Subgroup Analysis As A Method For Biomarker Identification: Association Of CHI3L1 In A Subset Of African Americans With Prior History Of Exacerbation". W American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6377.

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Boroujerdi, Sarah. "Mapping Out Race: How Afro-Iranian Migrations Redefine the â€˜Aryan Mythâ€™". W GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.5-4.

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If maps refer to geographies, the transing of cultural histories, and an arrival of migrant bodies, what might it mean to map out race in Iran? This work examines the ethnocentric biases that stem from the â€˜Aryan Mythâ€™â€”a terminology influenced by The First Persian Empire (550-330 B.C.) and further associations with the ancient Indo-Europeans by 19th century Western scholars. The kindred ties between Iranian identity and homeland through the Aryan label formulated a romanticized narration of race in Iran. The bridge between linguistics, as emphasized by theocratic terminology and ancient language associations, and geography uniformly synthesized racial affiliations between Iranians and the Aryan racial categorization. Aryan ancestry and its association with land as homeland, while formulating a singular Iranian identity, subsequently separated Iranians from Afro-Iranian populations residing north of the Persian Gulf in the next few millennia to come. Limited scholarship has been shown of the Afro-Iranian communityâ€™s presence in southern Iran, particularly during and after the period of the slave trade from East Africa in the 1800s into southern Iran. However, archives on the aftermath of slavery from within Iran and England are critical to scholarship on Afro-Iranian migrations (Mirzai 2002, p. 231), where a reclaiming of multi-ethnic identity and a renovated epistemological lens comes centerfold. This work begins with an analysis of the Indo-European migrations of 4,000 and 3,500 B.C. by examining the Iranian family origins through Nichols (1997) "The epicenter of the Indo-European linguistic spread." This will be accompanied by the Araâ€™s (2005) Eschatology in the Indo-Iranian traditions: The genesis and transformation of a doctrine to define the history of the term â€œAryanâ€ and its rooted ties with Indo-European migrations and geography as homeland during Achaemenid rulership. The concluding section will review Mirzaiâ€™s (2002) â€œAfrican presence in Iran: identity and its reconstruction,â€ with an analysis of the African diaspora during the mid eighteen and early nineteen hundreds, and subsequent growth of Afro-Iranian heritage within southern Iran. Through the establishment of Afro-Iranian societies within southern Iran during the 19th and 20th centuries, socioeconomics resulting from the slave trade, and race relations during the African population settlement of the eighteen hundreds, the blossoming of an Afro-Iranian ethnic heritage led to subsequent ostracism from the larger Iranian host society.

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Purrington, Kristen S., Julie J. Ruterbusch, Mark Manning, Michael S. Simon, Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer i Ann G. Schwartz. "Abstract C042: Family history of cancer among African Americans with breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort". W Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-c042.

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Macken, Jared. "The Ordinary within the Extraordinary: The Ideology and Architectural Form of Boley, an “All-Black Town” in the Prairie". W 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.63.

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In 1908, Booker T. Washington stepped off the Fort Smith and Western Railway train into the town of Boley, Oklahoma. Washington found a bustling main street home to over 2,500 African American citizens. He described this collective of individuals as unified around a common goal, “with the definite intention of getting a home and building up a community where they can, as they say, be ‘free.’” The main street was the physical manifestation of this idea, the center of the community. It was comprised of ordinary banks, store front shops, theaters, and social clubs, all of which connected to form a dynamic cosmopolitan street— an architectural collective form. Each building aligned with its neighbor creating a single linear street, a space where the culture of the town thrived. This public space became a symbol of the extraordinary lives and ideology of its citizens, who produced an intentional utopia in the middle of the prairie. Boley is one of more than fifty “All-Black Towns” that developed in “Indian Territory” before Oklahoma became a state. Despite their prominence, these towns’ potential and influence was suppressed when the territory became a state in 1907. State development was driven by lawmaker’s ambition to control the sovereign land of Native Americans and impose control over towns like Boley by enacting Jim Crow Laws legalizing segregation. This agenda manifests itself in the form and ideology of the state’s colonial towns. However, the story of the state’s history does not reflect the narrative of colonization. Instead, it is dominated by tales of sturdy “pioneers” realizing their role within the myth of manifest destiny. In contrast, Boley’s history is an alternative to this myth, a symbol of a radical ideology of freedom, and a form that reinforces this idea. Boley’s narrative begins to debunk the myth of manifest destiny and contrast with other colonial town forms. This paper explores the relationship between the architectural form of Boley’s main street and the town’s cultural significance, linking the founding community’s ideology to architectural spaces that transformed the ordinary street into a dynamic social space. The paper compares Boley’s unified linear main street, which emphasized its citizens and their freedom, with another town typology built around the same time: Perry’s centralized courthouse square that emphasized the seat of power that was colonizing Cherokee Nation land. Analysis of these slightly varied architectural forms and ideologies reorients the historical narrative of the state. As a result, these suppressed urban stories, in particular that of Boley’s, are able to make new contributions to architectural discourse on the city and also change the dominant narratives of American Expansion.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "African americans – migrations – history"

Seggane, Musisi. AFROCENTRICITY: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Afya na Haki Institute, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.63010/j48nfur.

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To understand today, we need to know what happened yesterday; then we can plan for tomorrow. The topic of Afrocentricity is big, all encompassing, covering all aspects of life of a people. One cannot do justice to it in a single paper; it covers all disciplines. This, therefore, can only be the first, to start a series of future papers on this emotive subject. As an inaugural paper it will present and discuss Afrocentricity from a historical perspective. It will be presented in four sections: I. Introduction: Definitions, philosophy and purpose of Afrocentricity. II. Brief History Of Africa: Origins of humanity, civilization, movements, migrations, empires and kingdoms III. Things Fall Apart: European invasion, slavery and dehumanization of the African, colonization. IV. Africa Today: Resistance, Independence, Post-colonial Africa, Decolonization and Decoloniality.

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