Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Aesthetic understanding of water”
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Kormin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich. "Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: Aesthetics Inside and Outside of Transcendental Aesthetics". Философия и культура, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): 28–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2022.9.38829.
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The subject of the research is the features of Kant's "Critique of Pure Reason", which contribute to the methodological acquisition of aesthetic identity, they are generated through the transition to harmony of higher cognitive abilities, set the prospect of revealing how art is possible, and declare themselves in a specific experience of color and ideality of perfection and other concepts significant for aesthetics. Transcendental aesthetics, within which the first semantic images of aesthetics as a science and cultural form are formed, as a singular a priori of the history of art, as well as the structure of the coloristic discourse of criticism, reduces any objectivity of color and reveals the essential structures of its subjective experience. Kant, with one purely transcendental rhythm of reflection in the first Critique, revealed the conditions for the possibility of the aesthetic, raised the question of what makes all art possible; the transcendental undertaking itself manifested both timelessness and temporality behind their work in art.In the Critique of Pure Reason, the concept of perfection is analyzed outside of transcendental aesthetics, where a more or less definite description of perfection is given, which is directly related to the aesthetic facet of the transcendental meaning of the world. Its exceptional importance for understanding Kantian aesthetics is due to the fact that the metaphysics of perfection in late Kant allows us to rethink the critical approach to identifying the structures of aesthetic judgment in the third "Critique".
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Law, Christopher. "“Common Informality”". liquid blackness 6, nr 1 (1.04.2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26923874-954655.
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Abstract This article explores how two key problems of philosophical aesthetics, temporality and form, are rethought in Fred Moten's consent not to be a single being trilogy. The article proposes that Moten's work is notable for its refusal to affirm a link between aesthetic experience, or aesthesis, and the future-bound possibility of political community. This refusal distinguishes Moten's work both from the political philosophy underlying Immanuel Kant's aesthetics and from the dialectical critique of Kant found in contemporary theoretical work prioritizing formal experimentation. The article contends instead that Moten's work is shaped by a sustained attention to “informal” patterns of aesthetic experience, for which the graphic materiality of writing functions as a privileged index. The article then explores the political and temporal implications of writing's materiality in two essays from Moten's Black and Blur. To pursue this task, it draws on Walter Benjamin's understanding of philological interpolation and argues that Moten's work, particularly in its insistence on “renomination” rather than conceptual creation, can likewise be understood as philological. The article concludes, however, by showing how the idea of linguistic freedom advanced in recent philological work is complicated by Moten's recognition of a link between predication and blackness.
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Pittenger, D. R., Donald R. Hodel i David A. Shaw. "RELATIVE WATER REQUIREMENTS OF SIX GROUND-COVER SPECIES." HortScience 25, nr 9 (wrzesień 1990): 1085f—1085. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1085f.
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Non-turf ground-covers occupy a significant portion of the landscape, and understanding their water requirements is important when water conservationism being practiced. Six groundcover species (Baccharis pilularis `Twin Peaks', Drosanthemum hispidum, Vinca major Gazania hybrid, Potentilla tabernaemontani and Hedera helix `Needlepoint') representing a range of observed water needs were evaluated under different levels of irrigation based on percentages of real-time reference evapotranspiration.Treatments of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of ETO were applied during 1989 while treatments of 50%, 40%, 30% and 20% of ETO were applied during 1990. Plant performance ratings in the first year indicated that 50% of ETO was the minimum treatment which resulted in acceptable plan aesthetics for all species except for Drosanthemum which performed equally well at each treatment. Significant differences in performance did occur among and within species at the different treatments. Results from 1990 will reveal which species might maintain aesthetic appearance at irrigation levels between 50% and 20% of ETO. These results will be presented and discussed in terms of their significance to species selection and total landscape irrigation management.
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Holdridge, Jefferson. "‘A Roar of Wings’: Faith, Scepticism, the Sublime in Medbh McGuckian’s The Book of the Angel". Review of Irish Studies in Europe 4, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32803/rise.v4i2.2830.
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Medbh McGuckian’s main epistemologies in The Book of the Angel (2004) are aesthetic, religious, and poetic. The critical apparatus of this essay consists of the aesthetics of the sublime and beautiful from the eighteenth century (Edmund Burke and Immanuel Kant) to the present day (Jean-François Lyotard), the aesthete Walter Pater, who heralded the aesthetics of Modernism, and contemporary critics of McGuckian. The essay aims to show how these types of knowledge inform McGuckian’s use of the word ‘angel’ by arguing that the sublime effect of her choice moves along the bifurcation of scepticism and faith. The sublime is a suitable aesthetic for understanding her stance toward the transcendent and the empirical, the spiritual and the sensual, scepticism and belief. Even though she couches so much of The Book of the Angel in the language of religion, any simple interpretation of her poetry as a mere statement of either scepticism or faith becomes complicated. For McGuckian, there is always a force at work in poetry, as in nature, that is more transformative, that awaits the visionary appearance, but its power is as much in the invocation and the waiting as it is in the epiphany.
Keywords: Angels, Sublime, Beautiful, Scepticism, Faith, Art
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Merson, Emily H. "International Art World and Transnational Artwork: Creative Presence in Rebecca Belmore’s Fountain at the Venice Biennale". Millennium: Journal of International Studies 46, nr 1 (24.08.2017): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305829817716671.
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Drawing from and contributing to the International Relations (IR) aesthetics literature, I analyse how Anishinaabe artist Rebecca Belmore’s 2005 Venice Biennale performance-based video installation Fountain is an enactment of creative presence at an intersection of international and transnational politics. Belmore’s aesthetic method of engaging with water as a visual interface between the artist and viewer, by projecting the film of her performance onto a stream of falling water in the Canadian Pavilion exhibition, offers a method of understanding and transforming settler colonial power relations in world politics. I argue that Belmore’s artistic labour and knowledge production is an expression of Indigenous self-determination by discussing how Fountain is situated in relation with Indigenous peoples’ transnational land and waterway reclamations and cultural resurgences as well as the colonial context of the international art world dynamics of the Venice Biennale. My analysis of Belmore’s decolonial sensibility and political imagination with respect to water contributes to IR aesthetics debates by foregrounding the embodiment of knowledge production and performance artwork as a method of decolonisation.
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Hafu, Tetiana, i Iryna Osovska. "THE MENTAL RESOURCE OF MODERN ENGLISH GASTRONOMIC ADVERTISING DISCOURSE". Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, nr 831-832 (2021): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.18-34.
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The article presents the results of the study and comparison of the mental resource of two types of modern English gastronomic discourse – modern gastronomic advertising discourse and modern gastronomic advertising aesthetic discourse. The basic constituents of the conceptual systems of modern English gastronomic advertising and aesthetic discourses – discourse concepts-autochthons, as well as system connections between them, are statistically verified with the help of quantitative methods in linguistics. The reproduction of the established features of the concept systems in cognitive maps has allowed to reveal common and distinctive features in understanding gastronomic advertising discourse by various representatives of the English community – statistically average consumers and aesthete-gourmets. In particular, it was found that the frame of the conceptual systems is 49 autochthons for the MEGAD and 48 for the MEGAAD, which captures the main mental dominant for the cognitive-communicative activity of the modern English average consumer and aesthete-gourmet in the gastronomic segment of life. Thus, water and drinks, pastries, sweets and dairy products, fast food, preservation (freezing and preserving) of products, food for animals, healthy eating, taste and sensation, nutrition, brand and price of a product are significant for the average English-speaking consumer. Instead, MEGAAD has an actualized knowledge of the dish as an aesthetic creature with special ingredients, consumed in special time and temporal conditions, is prepared in a special way, creates special sensations, is useful, has a special nutritional value, dietary properties and is presented in the blog – a special section with a theme, describing the author's experiences, his feelings and emotions, first of all aesthetic pleasure.
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Khisamov, Denis Nikolaevich. "Russian Ballet and Postmodern Trends". Философия и культура, nr 10 (październik 2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2022.10.38730.
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In this article, Russian ballet is considered from the point of view of the peculiarities of the aesthetics of postmodernism and as one of the brightest manifestations of postmodern culture. The subject of the study is the trends of postmodernism in modern Russian ballet. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that until now, in the scientific research literature, the phenomena of modern ballet have not been subjected to scientific theoretical understanding from the point of view of trends in the aesthetics of postmodernism. It is revealed that a new stage in the development of Russian ballet is associated with the activities of S. Diaghilev's ballet troupe, characterized by a departure from traditions and the formation of a new aesthetic. The study concluded that the development of modern Russian ballet was significantly influenced by such postmodern trends as: the destructurization of the language of classical dance, the desire for syncretism of different types of art in the context of a ballet performance, the use of quotations, allusions and reminiscences that acquire conditional symbolic meaning, the desire for plastic experiments.
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Brown, Alistair. "How The Waste Land furthers an understanding of sustainable property management". Property Management 38, nr 1 (19.12.2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-06-2019-0033.
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Purpose Using the theory of sensibility, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land furthers our understanding of sustainable property management. Design/methodology/approach Inter-connected indicators of environmental performance disclosures (EPD) and epistemological-based aesthetic environmental accounts (EBAEA) are used to textually analyze The Waste Land’s heightening of sustainable property management. Findings The results of the study show that the level of EPD of The Waste Land was 80 per cent, while the level of The Waste Land’s EBAEA was 100 per cent. In terms of sustainable property management, the images of sustainable property management that permeate The Waste Land furthers our understanding of the apprehension of urban living, the intensification of assets and materials, the intrusiveness of city landmarks, the ephemeralness of the profit and loss, the inconstancy of water and the tension of torrid landscapes. Research limitations/implications A research implication arising from the results of the study is that the property-poetry nexus may actualize new possibilities for discerning and imagining sustainable property management. Practical implications The results of the study offer fruitful paths for understanding sustainability endeavour for planners, property managers, valuers, occupiers, accountants and developers. Social implications The Waste Land’s complex, multi-vocal, figurative, seemingly ambiguous lines render a sophisticated form of sustainable property scholarship that shapes aesthetic environmental accounts. Originality/value The study’s originality rests in its methodological approach to identify, interpret and understand sustainable property management in a modernist poem.
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Ncube, Sikhululekile, Lindsay Beevers i Andrea Momblanch. "Towards Intangible Freshwater Cultural Ecosystem Services: Informing Sustainable Water Resources Management". Water 13, nr 4 (19.02.2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040535.
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Rivers provide a range of Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) such as aesthetic values, sense of place and inspiration, which remain insufficiently studied due to challenges associated with the assessment of their subjective and intangible attributes. However, the understanding of CES remains important as they are strongly linked to human wellbeing. This study utilizes a questionnaire-based survey to capture views from two villages along the mainstream of the Beas River in India, to identify the CES it provides, to assess how local communities appreciate their importance and how they relate to river flows. In total, 62 respondents were interviewed. Findings show that the Beas River provides several CES but among these, spiritual/religious ceremonies and rituals, aesthetic values and inspiration benefits were indicated as absolutely essential to the local communities. Results also demonstrate that people’s perception of the quality of CES is sometimes linked to river flows. It can be concluded that the Beas River is crucial in the functioning and livelihoods of local communities as it lies within the core of their cultural, religious and spiritual practices. This study reinforces the need to consider the full suite of ecosystem service categories in sustainable water resources development, planning and decision making.
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Faber, Alyda. "Dancer in the Dark : Affliction and the aesthetic of attention". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 35, nr 1 (marzec 2006): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980603500105.
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This article argues that Lars von Trier's film Dancer in the Dark (2000) develops a provocative aesthetic of attention to affliction. The significance of this aesthetic is developed with reference to Simone Weil's understanding of affliction as deep psychic, social and physical suffering. She finds that humans habitually avoid affliction with consolations of optimistic political or religious meaning, and that deep suffering is thus rarely engaged with empathic "living attention." Through his characterization of Selma, and in his manipulations of the conventions of the musical, von Trier elicits this kind of attention, creating an important ethical opportunity for viewers to enlarge their capacity for responsiveness to deep suffering. However, von Trier's film also demonstrates Weil's point that attention to affliction is a miracle like walking on water: a near impossibility. In von Trier's otherwise mobile aesthetic, that impossibility is betrayed in his use of existing patriarchal conventions of affliction, habitually feminized as hysteria.
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Bisanz, Elize. "The abstract structure of the aesthetic sign". Sign Systems Studies 30, nr 2 (31.12.2002): 707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2002.30.2.21.
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Walter Benjamin foreshadowed many of the aesthetic theories, currently playing a fundamental role in the production and interpretation of art. By emphasising the role of the expressive character of art, or rather the category of expressivity itself, Benjamin defined art as a language. His aesthetics was characterised by the continuous interaction of two almost reciprocal projects: the theoretical critique of art which is based on an understanding of historical processes, and the understanding of historical processes which is formed by the critical experience of art. We find a fundamental similarity between Benjamin’s dialectical character of the aesthetic sign and Lotman’s double-sidedness of the artwork. In classifying the system of art as a language, both theoreticians space out the structure of art and determine it as the intersection of the synchronic and the diachronic aesthetic discourse. The paper follows the traces of the transition of modern painting from its representational status to an autonomous signification, that is, from being a symbolic expression to a discourse in the grammatological meaning of écriture. Parallel to this transition which resulted into the process of abstraction in painting, there can be observed a shift in the cultural values of art which had its critical bearing upon the world secured not by connections of likeness, but by virtue of the very independence of its values. The abstract form of the modern painting has been the declaration of the language of art as an exemplary realm. What must be expressed and experienced within this realm was (1) the critical reflection on the human condition, and (2) representing the society in so far as art maintained a moral independence from those conditions. This dialectic between the autonomous and social character of art has left deep impacts on the language of painting, a complexity, which has been made transparent through the various semiotic analytic approaches of the aesthetic sign. The paper discusses the processual character of the modern painting and demonstrates briefly the deficiency in the structural analysis of the painting language, encouraging its synthesis with the dynamical character of cultural products as we find it in the Lotmanian culture theory.
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Campisano, A. "Laboratory investigation on the performances of baffles for the capture of sewer floatables". Water Science and Technology 60, nr 1 (1.07.2009): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.295.
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The use of baffles in sewer systems enables the capture of floatables, which could be responsible for both malfunctioning of water treatment plants and aesthetic pollution of receiving bodies when discharges through combined sewer overflow devices occur. An experimental contribution to the understanding of capturing processes of floatable elements by means of baffle devices is presented in this paper. Experiments were carried out using different baffle configurations. The limit equilibrium conditions of various types of floatables, i.e the condition beyond which upstream intercepted floatables start to escape the baffle, were investigated. The dimensional analysis was used in order to generalise the results of the experiments and to compare the capturing performances of analysed baffle configurations.
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Hrudey, S. E., B. Conant, I. P. Douglas, J. Fawell, T. Gillespie, D. Hill, W. Leiss, J. B. Rose i M. Sinclair. "Managing uncertainty in the provision of safe drinking water". Water Supply 11, nr 6 (1.12.2011): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.075.
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The Canadian Water Network, the Alberta Water Research Institute, and the Ontario Centres of Excellence have collaborated to create the Canadian Municipal Water Management Research Consortium, a new initiative to engage municipal water authorities and allow them to access research capacity to tackle mutually identified, critical issues. The challenge of managing uncertainty in the provision of safe drinking water was selected as one such issue. An international expert panel with scientists from Australia, Canada, the USA and Europe was assembled to work with a steering committee of municipal water providers and drinking water regulators. This group has posed the challenge: How best can drinking water providers address risk and uncertainty to assure safe drinking water? Five key drivers to this challenge were identified: the current large list of drinking water contaminants, the inevitable growth of that list as a result of analytical advances not matched by our ability to assess small, mostly immeasurable health risks, the lack of clarity on public expectations for safe drinking water, misunderstanding of new, small risks and a need to assure aesthetic quality. Promoting the means for achieving a common understanding of risk and uncertainty among water providers and regulators was identified as a priority objective. The project has been initiated by developing, in a Canadian drinking water context, working definitions for safe drinking water, risk and uncertainty, with appropriate illustrative examples. The limitations of sole reliance on compliance monitoring for numerical contaminant limits compared with the merits of a preventive risk management/water safety plan approach were elaborated. Based on the foundations adopted, a toolkit is being developed to assist with issues ranging from a risk hierarchy, various products to promote better understanding of how risk assessment is performed, and products to enhance communications with consumers about drinking water safety.
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Pike, Charles W. "Sacramento implements guidance for river, growth and demand management". Water Supply 5, nr 3-4 (1.11.2005): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0105.
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The Sacramento California Region has long enjoyed ample water supplies and popular rivers providing esthetic, recreation and environmental resources. Ground and surface water supplies have been managed by twenty independent management agencies. In the 1980s and 1990s the region experienced dramatic population growth and increased water demand. Environmental organizations sought to preserve the environmental values of the Lower American River. Six years of negotiation resulted in the Water Forum Agreement, a memorandum of understanding signed by business and agricultural leaders, citizens groups, environmentalists, water managers, and local governments to fulfill two co-equal objectives: (i) to provide a reliable and safe water supply for the region's economic health and planned development to the year 2030; and (ii) to preserve the fishery, wildlife, recreational, and aesthetic values of the Lower American River. This paper describes three major parameters guiding the water future of the Sacramento Region, which may be a model for other regions of the world: (1) the seven policy elements of the Water Forum Agreement; (2) the Regional Water Authority (RWA) and the Sacramento Groundwater Authority help to implement the policies of the Water Forum Agreement; (3) RWA's regional water efficiency program provides “pick and choose” water efficiency measures to twenty water suppliers in three counties.
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Watson, Stephen. "Gadamer, Aesthetic Modernism, and the Rehabilitation of Allegory: The Relevance of Paul Klee". Research in Phenomenology 34, nr 1 (2004): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569164042404617.
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Paul Klee's art found broad impact upon philosophers of varying commitments, including Hans-Georg Gadamer. Moreover, Klee himself was not only one of the most important artists of aesthetic modernism but one of its leading theoreticians, and much in his work, as in Gadamer's, originated in post-Kantian literary theory's explications of symbol and allegory. Indeed at one point in Truth and Method , Gadamer associates his project for a general "theory of hermeneutic experience" not only with Goethe's metaphysical account of the symbolic but equally with a "rehabilitation" of allegory. In this paper, I examine this position and Gadamer's own use of it in his analysis of Klee's work, contrasting it with that of Walter Benjamin's account of allegory, equally indebted to Goethe and this archive. Finally, I contrast the resulting interpretations of Klee, discussing the implications that evolve for understanding both Gadamer and Benjamin— but equally for understanding Klee's work and, provisionally, the work of art, thus construed, for philosophy.
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Hess, Linda M. "Filmic Gold: The Elemental Aesthetics of the Klondike Gold Rush in Bill Morrison’s Dawson City: Frozen Time (2016)". Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 70, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2022-2051.
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Abstract This contribution examines the elemental aesthetics of Bill Morrison’s documentary film Dawson City: Frozen Time (2016). The film traces connections between the birth of Dawson City as a boomtown of the Klondike Gold Rush in Yukon Territory in 1896 and the birth of cinema and the rise of the Hollywood movie industry, linking actual resource extraction (gold mining) to its discursive framing and mythologization (in Hollywood movies). Throughout the film, Morrison incorporates extracts of silent-film reels that were recovered from the permafrost below Dawson City in 1978 and that thus bear distinct marks of water damage that shape the aesthetic of Dawson City: Frozen Time. Through its comprehensive engagement of elemental materialities, Morrison’s film narrates the Klondike Gold Rush as a particular moment in the history of (North American) resource extraction. It invites analysis through the lenses of material and elemental ecocriticism, lenses that allow for understanding this moment within the vast network of profound transformations of the earth that have become known as the Anthropocene. The filmic composition itself prompts the audience to pay close attention to different elements—gold, earth, water, fire—that are crucially involved in both the Klondike Gold Rush and the film’s own history. Via this elemental focus, Morrison also creates a tension between the film’s elicitation of vicarious grief for the loss of the landscape and its evocation of irrevocable transformation as an ongoing process of human and elemental agency.
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emam, mohamed, Hesham Alam EL Deen, hamdy Abu El Fotoh i Ayman Fateen. "Evaluation of Strength of Different Resin Materials Used in Evaluation of Strength of Different Resin Materials Used in Overdenture". future dental journal 7, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fdj.7028.
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Introduction: Finding a suitable material that could be used to restore relatively small inter-arch spaces in which reasonable aesthetics as well as good functional strength could be achieved is a difficult process that requires good understanding of the clinical situation and precise management. Historically Metal used to offer the smallest possible thickness with excellent strength but lacks resiliency with poor aesthetics. Aim of the study: This In-vitro study was conducted to compare two different aesthetic materials PEEK and ACETAL regarding their mechanical strength when used as Overdenture framework in a relatively small thickness. Material and Methods: 120 specimens were prepared according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International standards and divided into two main groups according to the material, group (A) PEEK samples and group (B) ACETAL samples. Each group of 60 specimens was subdivided into three different groups (I, II, III) according to three different thicknesses (1, 1.5 and 2 mm). Each group contains 20 identical samples, half of them were subjected to water absorption and the other half were left untouched. Then all specimens were loaded to failure in a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Results: Data analyzed using Student’s t test for independent samples and showed that any increase in thickness lead to increase in the flexural strength which was proportioned in all Acetal samples in contrast to PEEK samples. All PEEK samples recorded significantly higher flexural strength values on every thickness than Acetal samples. Acetal samples with 2 mm of thickness did not offer enough strength as suggested by the international standards for polymer materials and ISO. Conclusions: The flexural strength of PEEK samples was 3 times higher than Acetal samples. Acetal thickness should be more than 2mm. water has a significant effect on the strength of Acetal materials
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Constantin, A. "Nonlinear water waves: introduction and overview". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, nr 2111 (11.12.2017): 20170310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0310.
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For more than two centuries progress in the study of water waves proved to be interdependent with innovative and deep developments in theoretical and experimental directions of investigation. In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved towards the understanding of waves of large amplitude. Within this setting one cannot rely on linear theory as nonlinearity becomes an essential feature. Various analytic methods have been developed and adapted to come to terms with the challenges encountered in settings where approximations (such as those provided by linear or weakly nonlinear theory) are ineffective. Without relying on simpler models, progress becomes contingent upon the discovery of structural properties, the exploitation of which requires a combination of creative ideas and state-of-the-art technical tools. The successful quest for structure often reveals unexpected patterns and confers aesthetic value on some of these studies. The topics covered in this issue are both multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary: there is a strong interplay between mathematical analysis, numerical computation and experimental/field data, interacting with each other via mutual stimulation and feedback. This theme issue reflects some of the new important developments that were discussed during the programme ‘Nonlinear water waves’ that took place at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (Cambridge, UK) from 31st July to 25th August 2017. A cross-section of the experts in the study of water waves who participated in the programme authored the collected papers. These papers illustrate the diversity, intensity and interconnectivity of the current research activity in this area. They offer new insight, present emerging theoretical methodologies and computational approaches, and describe sophisticated experimental results. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
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Zhang, Wen Pu. "Reflection of Spiritual Culture in the Images on the Folding Screen". Философия и культура, nr 10 (październik 2022): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2022.10.38977.
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The appearance of the screen as a social and cultural phenomenon is closely related to the idea of the daily life of the Chinese, which includes folklore, as well as cultural and folk traditions. The paintings, the plot of which is a screen, reflect a unique Chinese aesthetic concept and the author's view of life and values. In addition, the properties of the screen can be studied from different angles: from a practical piece of furniture to an abstract art form. The focus of this article is the images of the screen in the pictorial art of China. The purpose of the study is to identify the cultural and philosophical meanings behind these images. The novelty of the research is connected with the chosen perspective: such a complex phenomenon of Chinese culture as a screen is viewed through the prism and in close connection with the traditions of Chinese pictorial art. In the course of the study, a conclusion was made about the manifestation of religious-philosophical, ideological, moral and aesthetic ideas of the Chinese in the images of the screen. In addition, the educational role of these images, which carry an educational function, is determined. A special contribution of the author can be called the identification of Confucian and Taoist ideas symbolically embodied in the images of the screen in Chinese painting. In general, the screen in this work is considered as a key to understanding of the deep meanings of traditional painting.
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Vanderzwalmen, Myriam, Daniel Sánchez Lacalle, Priyadarshini Tamilselvan, Jason McNeill, Dorine Delieuvin, Khadidja Behlouli, Andrew Hursthouse i in. "The Effect of Substrate on Water Quality in Ornamental Fish Tanks". Animals 12, nr 19 (5.10.2022): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12192679.
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Almost all home aquaria contain substrate, either as intentional enrichment or for aesthetic purposes. For fishes, benefits of structural enrichment have been well considered, particularly in research and aquaculture settings. However, our understanding of the impacts of tank substrate as enrichment is limited. While substrate can induce foraging in some species, a major drawback is the potential of substrate to harbour elevated levels of waste and pathogenic bacteria. Here, we considered whether substrate as a form of environmental enrichment significantly altered water quality and bacterial presence in home aquaria. Water quality (temperature, oxygen, pH, TAN, unionised ammonia, nitrate, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ and K+) and bacterial presence (Pseudomonas spp.) were measured over two seven-week periods in stand-alone, tropical, freshwater tanks that simulated home aquaria. The following four enrichment conditions were considered: bare tanks, plastic plants, gravel substrate or sand substrate. The addition of both gravel and sand resulted in increased pH, concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen and nitrate. Substrate was also associated with a greater Pseudomonas presence. Decreased pH alongside an increased concentration of ions were also observed depending on the time of year. In conclusion, enrichment type affected the water quality of home aquaria, with further research needed on the role of the tank biome in fish welfare.
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Schirpke, Uta, Manuel Ebner, Hanna Pritsch, Veronika Fontana i Rainer Kurmayer. "Quantifying Ecosystem Services of High Mountain Lakes across Different Socio-Ecological Contexts". Sustainability 13, nr 11 (27.05.2021): 6051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116051.
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Mountain lakes are highly sensitive to global change, requiring sustainable management strategies that support crucial ecosystem services (ES). However, small mountain lakes are rarely in the focus of ES assessments, and indicators are potentially lacking. Therefore, this study aimed at comprehensively assessing key ES of 15 study lakes located in two regions in the European Alps. We involved local stakeholders and experts to identify important ES. We quantified eight ES in non-monetary terms, using 29 indicators based on limnological, spatial and socio-economic data. Finally, we evaluated ES in relation to the socio-ecological context of the study lakes. The most important ES included surface water for non-drinking purposes, maintaining populations and habitats, outdoor recreation, aesthetic value, entertainment and representation, scientific research, education as well as existence, option, or bequest value. Quantitative results indicate varying levels of ES across the study lakes. Based on 12 different socio-ecological variables, we identified four groups of lakes differing also in five ES. Maintaining populations and habitats, aesthetic value as well as existence, option or bequest value were rather independent from the socio-ecological context. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of ES of mountain lakes, also supporting the development of sustainable management strategies in mountain regions.
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Shukla, Shikhar, Krishna K. Pandey i Kishan Kumar V. S. "Chemical and Application Properties of Some Solvent and Water Based Coatings on Wooden Substrate". Drvna industrija 70, nr 2 (28.06.2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/drvind.2019.1809.
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Wood finishes are used extensively to improve the aesthetic value and protect wood products from moisture. These organic coatings generally contain volatile organic compounds (VOC) as solvents that evaporate when the coatings cure over the surface. Due to strict legislations against these hazardous VOCs, the buyers across the globe are shifting towards products finished with water borne coats. Two of the most commonly used wood coatings in India are polyurethane and nitrocellulose (NC) lacquer. This paper aims at comparing these two wood coatings with their water borne counterparts. The study was conducted on the wood substrate of Melia dubia. Chemical characterization of the cured coats was attempted through FTIR spectroscopy. Physical appearances in terms of gloss and film thickness were also studied. Bands of urethane, urea and nitric groups were identified, which helped in understanding the changes in chemical structure of the finishes after curing. The thickness of the organic coatings was significantly higher than that of their water-borne counterparts. Gloss of water based coatings was observed to be lesser than that of their organic solvent based counterparts in either coating material. In case of lacquer, the reduction was up-to 33 %. whereas in case of PU, gloss dropped down by about 54 %.
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Chilima, Jania, Jill Blakley, Harry Diaz i Lalita Bharadwaj. "Understanding Water Use Conflicts to Advance Collaborative Planning: Lessons Learned from Lake Diefenbaker, Canada". Water 13, nr 13 (25.06.2021): 1756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13131756.
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Conflicts around the multi-purpose water uses of Lake Diefenbaker (LD) in Saskatchewan, Canada need to be addressed to meet rapidly expanding water demands in the arid Canadian prairie region. This study explores these conflicts to advance collaborative planning as a means for improving the current water governance and management of this lake. Qualitative methodology that employed a wide participatory approach was used to collect focus group data from 92 individuals, who formed a community of water users. Results indicate that the community of water users is unified in wanting to maintain water quality and quantity, preserving the lake’s aesthetics, and reducing water source vulnerability. Results also show these users are faced with water resource conflicts resulting from lack of coherence of regulatory instruments in the current governance regime, and acceptable management procedures of both consumptive and contemporary water uses that are interlinked in seven areas of: irrigation, industrial, and recreational water uses; reservoir water level for flood control and hydroelectricity production; wastewater and lagoon management; fish farm operations; and regional water development projects. As a means of advancing collaborative planning, improvements in water allocation and regulatory instruments could be made to dissipate consumptive use conflicts and fill the under-regulation void that exists for contemporary water uses. Additionally, a comprehensive LD water use master plan, as a shared vision to improve participation in governance, could be developed to direct the water uses that have emerged over time. This study suggests that these three areas are practical starting conditions that would enable successful collaborative planning for the seven areas of water uses. Focusing on these three areas would ensure the current and future needs of the community of water users are met, while avoiding reactive ways of solving water problems in the LD region, especially as the water crisis in the Canadian Prairie region where LD is located is expected to intensify.
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Rogers, Dylan Kelby. "Water Culture in Roman Society". Brill Research Perspectives in Ancient History 1, nr 1 (16.03.2018): 1–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425374-12340001.
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Abstract Water played an important part of ancient Roman life, from providing necessary drinking water, supplying bath complexes, to flowing in large-scale public fountains. The Roman culture of water was seen throughout the Roman Empire, although it was certainly not monolithic and it could come in a variety of scales and forms, based on climatic and social conditions of different areas. This discussion seeks to define ‘water culture’ in Roman society by examining literary, epigraphic, and archaeological evidence, while understanding modern trends in scholarship related to the study of Roman water. The culture of water can be demonstrated through expressions of power, aesthetics, and spectacle. Further there was a shared experience of water in the empire that could be expressed through religion, landscape, and water’s role in cultures of consumption and pleasure.
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Pais, Maria Rita, Katiuska Hoffmann i Sandra Campos. "Understanding Bunker Architecture Heritage as a Climate Action Tool: Plan Barron in Lisbon as a “Milieu” and as “Common Good” When Dealing with the Rise of the Water Levels". Heritage 4, nr 4 (10.12.2021): 4609–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040254.
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Abandoned on the coast as skeletons, bunkers are the last theatrical gesture in the history of Western military architecture (Virilio, 1975). Technically obsolete, this military territory has fallen into extinction and is now generally forgotten. We present the Plan Barron of Defense of Lisbon and Setubal case study, a mid-twentieth-century set of bunkers, recently declassified, as a case study to discuss the future of this heritage facing the climate crisis. Can oblivious historical war heritage be an opportunity to fight climate emergencies? We present four theoretical concepts to fundament this environmental positioning: (i) Heritage Management and Climate Governance, (ii) Techno-aesthetic (Simondon, 1992): panopticon territorial cluster; (iii) Military: camouflage as design, and (iv) Civil: inheritance as future potential. The results allow us to look at military architecture in the form of a bunker, as a set of territorial, architectonic, cultural, and social interests. We demonstrate that the counterpoint of its invisibility is a singular naturalized “milieu”, a place where the memory of war can be transformed as a buffer zone that combines characteristics of climate and coastal resilience with cultural and social interest as a “common good”.
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Mergenthaler, Volker. "Betrachten, Blättern, Enthüllen, Lauschen, Lesen." PeriodIcon 2, nr 1 (4.08.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46586/peric.2022.1.1-22.
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This article deals with the aesthetic effects that arise when reading, viewing and handling different media formats. It takes strongly divergent contemporary evaluations of a well-known gothic tale by Walter Scott, »THE TAPESTRIED CHAMBER«, as an opportunity to investigate the medial and material causes of these differences. The author concentrates on the first publication of the tale in autumn 1828 in the opulent annual gift book THE KEEPSAKE FOR MDCCCXXIX, with its numerous steel engravings, and on another early print of the text in the magazine THE OLIO, OR, MUSEUM OF ENTERTAINMENT, with its wood-engraved illustrations. Both prints organise the reading of »THE TAPESTRIED CHAMBER« in specific ways, each setting in motion specific processes of understanding, each stimulating specific aesthetic experiences. This can be traced back in particular to the illustrations placed alongside the prints of the narrative text, to their production, reproduction and presentation in the printed product, to the way in which they are integrated into the flow of reception, which senses of the recipients they address and to which specific forms of media interaction they invite.
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Newberry, Pablo, Paul Harper i Thea Morgan. "Understanding the Market for Eco Self-Build Community Housing". Sustainability 13, nr 21 (27.10.2021): 11823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111823.
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This paper evaluates the potential of eco self-build community (ESBC) housing to act as a socially and environmentally sustainable housing solution that can address the demand for self-build and community housing whilst supporting the UK’s 2050 net-zero-carbon commitment. This model of housing is being piloted through schemes such as the Water Lilies project, an upcoming ESBC scheme providing self-finish houses and custom-build flats. The research aims to gain a broad understanding of the market for ESBC housing by analysing the data from people who registered interest in a plot or home and comparing this with data from a similar survey targeted at the market for conventional self-build and custom-build housing. The key findings are that: (1) the ESBC housing market is largely open to more than one build method, but with a greater preference for purchasing a completed home and self-finish than self-build, compared to the conventional market for self-build and custom-build that is primarily interested in self-build; (2) the ESBC housing market is looking for a variety of home sizes, though predominantly 2 and 3 bedrooms, that could be provided through houses and flats, compared to the conventional market for self-build and custom-build that is mostly seeking larger houses on single plots; (3) the most important housing aspects to the ESBC housing market are ‘green lifestyle’, ‘style and construction quality’, and ‘community spirit’, which differ to the conventional self-build and custom-build market, where they are ‘construction quality’, ‘internal appearance/layout’ and ‘location’; (4) living in a sustainable home is important to the market for conventional self-build and custom-build housing and on average, they would be willing to pay 27% more for a highly sustainable home than the average UK new build. The main drivers are that people want to reduce their environmental impact and reduce their home running costs. A key overall conclusion of the study is that a distinct market exists for ESBC schemes, where the priorities of prospective homeowners differ to those from the more general self-build market. For ESBC schemes, the provision of eco-housing and a sense of community are key priorities, whereas for the more general self-build market, location and the need to tailor the house design to the owner’s unique aesthetic and lifestyle preferences tend to be the most important factors. This paper discusses the implications of these findings and identifies opportunities for scaling up the delivery of ESBC housing.
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Li, Shuo, i M. R. Flynn. "Cooling tower plume abatement and plume modeling: a review". Environmental Fluid Mechanics 21, nr 3 (15.04.2021): 521–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10652-021-09790-w.
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AbstractVisible plumes above wet cooling towers are of great concern due to the associated aesthetic and environmental impacts. The parallel path wet/dry cooling tower is one of the most commonly used approaches for plume abatement, however, the associated capital cost is usually high due to the addition of the dry coils. Recently, passive technologies, which make use of free solar energy or the latent heat of the hot, moist air rising through the cooling tower fill, have been proposed to minimize or abate the visible plume and/or conserve water. In this review, we contrast established versus novel technologies and give a perspective on the relative merits and demerits of each. Of course, no assessment of the severity of a visible plume can be made without first understanding its atmospheric trajectory. To this end, numerous attempts, being either theoretical or numerical or experimental, have been proposed to predict plume behavior in atmospheres that are either uniform versus density-stratified or still versus windy (whether highly-turbulent or not). Problems of particular interests are plume rise/deflection, condensation and drift deposition, the latter consideration being a concern of public health due to the possible transport and spread of Legionella bacteria.
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Wessels, Nadia, Nadia Sitas, Karen J. Esler i Patrick O’Farrell. "Understanding community perceptions of a natural open space system for urban conservation and stewardship in a metropolitan city in Africa". Environmental Conservation 48, nr 4 (25.10.2021): 244–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892921000345.
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SummaryFew studies have highlighted perceptions of urban natural open space systems: land specifically excluded from development to protect ecosystem services. We used a local metropolitan city in South Africa to explore community perceptions of its natural open space system through individual qualitative interviews (n = 40). The objectives were: (1) to identify ecosystem services and disservices associated with the city’s natural open space system, and the reasons thereof, by exploring the relational values of nature held by a diverse socioeconomic spectrum of urban residents; and (2) to identify priorities for protecting the natural open space system by enhancing the benefits and minimizing ecosystem disservices. Reference to ecosystem services and disservices were coded according to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) categorization of nature’s contribution to people. Non-material services (relational benefits) were impacted by exploitative material uses, access concerns and (mis)management. Challenges and opportunities identified relate to nature as a resource for supporting livelihoods and lifestyles; community outreach and employment opportunities; personal safety, health and aesthetic concerns; and lack of political accountability and municipal planning in terms of the management of natural open spaces. Innovative collaborative management and stewardship interventions with ecological and socioeconomic benefits should be prioritized to protect the natural open space system.
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Mukhida, Leila. "Violence in the Age of Digital Reproducibility: Political Form in Valeska Grisebach's Longing (2006)". German Politics and Society 33, nr 1 (1.06.2015): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2015.330113.
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While public discussions about media and violence tend to be defined by the negative psychological effects attributed to exposure to mediated depictions of violence, this article argues that the mediated violence in Valeska Grisebach's 2006 film, Longing, (Sehnsucht) instead seeks to heighten viewers' sensitivity towards violent acts in moving images. Grisebach rejects the so-called MTV aesthetic and instead employs formal and narrative devices that may be read in political terms. To illuminate the connection between film aesthetics, violence, and mass (dis)engagement with politics, this article draws upon the argument rehearsed in Walter Benjamin's oft-cited essay, “The Work of Art in the Age of its Technological Reproducibility” (1936). Given that we are witnessing changes in the ways that we experience and re-present our reality now that are arguably as significant as the birth of the moving image itself, it is pertinent to look to early twentieth-century cultural theory in order to gain a better understanding of the significance of these transformations in a historical context. By reading the violent incidents in Longing through a Benjaminian lens, this article suggests that the film is a political act by Grisebach, as well as a key political work in the field of contemporary German-language cinema.
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Zawude Bakure, Berhanu, Kitessa Hundera i Magarsa Abara. "Review on the effect of climate change on ecosystem services". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1016, nr 1 (1.04.2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1016/1/012055.
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Abstract Currently, ecosystem services (the benefits society drive from the ecosystem) are under pressure from climate change. With increasing climate change over time, the influence that it can cause ecosystem service attracted the attention of the world more than ever. In our daily life, directly or indirectly we rely on benefits gained from the ecosystem. This review paper was aimed to address the effects of climate change on ecosystem services with its possible mitigation and adaptation measures by analyzing articles, books, and reports collected from trusted journals and websites. The range and extents of ecosystem service can be affected in quality and quantity both directly and indirectly due to climate change over time. Supporting services of the ecosystem like biomass production, nutrient cycling, soil formation, atmospheric oxygen, production, and the water cycle were affected. Similarly, provisioning services such as food, drinking water, timber, wood fuel, fodder, wood, fibers, plants, and animal species are affected. Regulating services like cross-pollination, seed dispersal, decomposition, water regulation, flood control, carbon sequestration, and climate regulation are affected. Furthermore, cultural services like tourism and recreation, aesthetic values, cultural heritage, spiritual and religious values, educational values, social relations, and ecotourism are going to decline. Generally, understanding the effects of climate changes on ecosystem services became fundamentally important adaptation and mitigation of effect. Hence, conservation, protection, restoration, and appropriate management ecosystem are required for adaptation and mitigation of climate change effect.
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Whelton, H. P., A. J. Spencer, L. G. Do i A. J. Rugg-Gunn. "Fluoride Revolution and Dental Caries: Evolution of Policies for Global Use". Journal of Dental Research 98, nr 8 (lipiec 2019): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519843495.
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Epidemiological studies over 70 y ago provided the basis for the use of fluoride in caries prevention. They revealed the clear relation between water fluoride concentration, and therefore fluoride exposure, and prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and dental caries. After successful trials, programs for water fluoridation were introduced, and industry developed effective fluoride-containing toothpastes and other fluoride vehicles. Reductions in caries experience were recorded in many countries, attributable to the widespread use of fluoride. This is a considerable success story; oral health for many was radically improved. While previously, water had been the only significant source of fluoride, now there are many, and this led to an increase in the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Risks identified for dental fluorosis were ingestion of fluoride-containing toothpaste, water fluoridation, fluoride tablets (which were sometimes ingested in areas with water fluoridation), and infant formula feeds. Policies were introduced to reduce excessive fluoride exposure during the period of tooth development, and these were successful in reducing dental fluorosis without compromising caries prevention. There is now a much better understanding of the public perception of dental fluorosis, with mild fluorosis being of no aesthetic concern. The advantages of water fluoridation are that it provides substantial lifelong caries prevention, is economic, and reduces health inequalities: it reaches a substantial number of people worldwide. Fluoride-containing toothpastes are by far the most important way of delivering the beneficial effect of fluoride worldwide. The preventive effects of conjoint exposure (e.g., use of fluoride toothpaste in a fluoridated area) are additive. The World Health Organization has informed member states of the benefits of the appropriate use of fluoride. Many countries have policies to maximize the benefits of fluoride, but many have yet to do so.
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Ak, Musa. "Bertolt Brecht’in Epik Tiyatrosu Üzerinden İnteraktif Belgesellere Bakmak". Etkileşim 4, nr 7 (kwiecień 2021): 170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2021.7.123.
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In the 21st century, which is called the digital age, documentary cinema has undergone many changes in terms of both content and form. Apart from being a display medium, interfaces and screens have become spheres where the narrative is constructed. Thus, the production and viewing dimensions of documentary films have changed and traditional narrative documentaries have started to be replaced by interactive documentaries. In these documentaries, the director becomes the designer and the viewer becomes the participant/user. In this context, Walter Benjamin’s approach to epic theater, which he believes is compatible with new technical forms and is the culmination of technology, is the starting point of this study. Because especially since the early 1960s, Bertolt Brecht’s understanding of epic theater has influenced directors and shaped their understanding of filmmaking. The directors who wanted to make the audience feel that the images they see in a film were made with designed decorations, used Brecht's aesthetic understanding to destroy mimesis and break identification. In this context, Seven Digital Deadly Sins (2014), which is an example of an interactive documentary developed with new communication technologies and opens the door to different possibilities for the director and the audience, is evaluated through Bertolt Brecht's understanding of epic theater.
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Paluš, Hubert, Martina Krahulcová i Ján Parobek. "Assessment of Forest Certification as a Tool to Support Forest Ecosystem Services". Forests 12, nr 3 (5.03.2021): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030300.
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Certification provides a way to demonstrate the positive impacts of sustainable forest management (SFM) on ecosystem services. Ecosystem services provide society with a wide range of benefits, from clean water and carbon sequestration to the production of wood and non-wood products. This study evaluates forest owners’ and managers’ perceptions of forest certification as a tool to support SFM and forest ecosystem services in Slovakia. The questionnaire survey focused on the understanding of the concept of SFM, the objectives of forest certification schemes, and especially on the examination of the perceptions of 288 PEFC- and FSC-certified forest owners and managers on how forest certification helps to support individual ecosystem services. Among the important factors influencing the level of understanding of forest certification and its role in ensuring forest ecosystem services is the size of the managed forest area and the implemented certification scheme. The results of this study indicate that forest certification is positively perceived as a supporting tool for ecosystem services, and certified forest owners are sufficiently aware of the objectives of SFM. Regardless of the size of the managed forest area and the type of the implemented certification scheme, forest certification is mainly perceived as a tool which improves the company image and represents a commitment to environmental responsibility while promoting SFM. Certified companies managing large forest areas see the role of certification as being more significant in ensuring selected ecosystem services, in particular, the provision of woody biomass and water. However, in general, forest certification is mainly perceived as a supporting tool for the ecosystem services related to the control of erosion, soil formation, and natural composition, as well as the function of species and ecosystem diversity, followed by the provision of aesthetic, scientific, and educational values.
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Badrudin, Ali. "PRANATA MANGSA JAWA (Cermin Pengetahuan Kolektif Masyarakat Petani di Jawa)". Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 13, nr 2 (31.12.2014): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2014.13204.
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The research studies the Javanese language in the context of it society. The main goal is to express the knowledge system and the thought patterns of the Javanese society, especially the Javanese farmers, in understanding their life and the world of their life. The steps of this research are: (1) collecting data, (2) analyzing data, and (3) presenting the research results. The analysis of the data finds the following results: (1) The language units classification pattern are analyzed grammatically; (2) the knowledge system and the collective thought of the Javanese society expressed in the pranata mangsa are as follows: (a) The uses of metaphor describes: the world/the earth, (parts of) human body, wind, sounds, finery, water, and family relationship; (b) The reasons of using the Kawi language in pranata mangsa are motivated by the intellectual values, the artistic values, aesthetic aspects, and common usage in the Javanese literature; and (c) In relation to pranata mangsa, the Javanese society has the concepts of the vertical and horizontal relationship, which cover: the concept of God, the world/the earth, time, and space. Through pranata mangsa, the farmers harmonizing themselves with the cosmos and the nature.
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Valánszki, István, Lone Søderkvist Kristensen, Sándor Jombach, Márta Ladányi, Krisztina Filepné Kovács i Albert Fekete. "Assessing Relations between Cultural Ecosystem Services, Physical Landscape Features and Accessibility in Central-Eastern Europe: A PPGIS Empirical Study from Hungary". Sustainability 14, nr 2 (11.01.2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020754.
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Despite the growing quantity of ecosystem-services-related research, there is still a lack of deeper understanding on cultural ecosystem services (CES). This is mainly due to the perception of CES, which can vary by geographic location and population. In this study, we present a Public Participation Geographic Information System (PPGIS) method in a Hungarian microregion. Our goal is to increase understanding on how cultural services are perceived in this geographical context and level, and how this relative importance is related to biophysical landscape features. We also consider the influence of accessibility on the perceived landscape and compare our findings with the results of other studies with different sociocultural backgrounds. The research consists of participatory mapping with 184 persons that were digitized and analyzed with GIS and statistical software. During the analysis, we identified CES hotspots and compared CES with landscape features, as well as CES perception with accessibility. Our results showed positive correlation of CES with land covers related to built-up areas, as well as aesthetic and recreational services with water bodies. Compared to other studies, we found different spatial relationships in the case of spiritual services, and higher importance of agricultural land covers during the CES perception, thanks to the Central-Eastern European (CEE) sociocultural background. Our study highlights the effect of accessibility on CES perception; nevertheless, these relationships varied by different infrastructural elements. We conclude by discussing the implications and limitations of our study and encouraging future landscape research to apply the PPGIS method in this geographical context.
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Ouko, Caroline, Richard Mulwa, Robert Kibugi, Margaret Owuor, Julie Zaehringer i Nicholas Oguge. "Community Perceptions of Ecosystem Services and the Management of Mt. Marsabit Forest in Northern Kenya". Environments 5, nr 11 (5.11.2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments5110121.
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Identifying and characterizing ecosystem services (ES) has been shown to have an important role in sustainable natural resource management. However, understanding communities’ perspectives is critical in determining opportunities and constraints for ES management in multi-use landscapes. To do so, a study was conducted around Mt. Marsabit forest, a multiuse landscape in Kenya. Using stratification, participants from 11 administrative locations adjacent to the forest were selected. A total of 265 households were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. The study analyzed local communities’ perceptions of ES derived from the forest and their involvement in its management. Respondents identified trees, forage, water, fallback land cultivation, aesthetic enjoyment, and shade as key services derived from the forest. However, overexploitation of forest resources has led to degradation. Degradation and insecurity were perceived as the major threats to the ecosystem. The local communities were minimally involved in developing governance structures or management of this forest. Family size, education level, and age were important predictors of level of involvement in management. Lack of involvement in the forest management may have largely contributed to the unsustainable extraction of resources by local communities. We suggest that meaningful engagement of communities in the management of this forest will be critical to its sustainability.
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Ruban, Dmitry A. "Complexity and Geoheritage Importance of Granite Pseudokarst from the Belaya River Gorge (Western Caucasus)". Geosciences 12, nr 4 (15.04.2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12040175.
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New investigations in the Western Caucasus contribute to the understanding of granite pseudokarst (sensu lato) and megaclasts linked to river erosion. A plot on the bank of the Belaya River (Mountainous Adygeya, Western Caucasus) was selected to examine diverse and abundant pseudokarst features (small rock basins, hollows, potholes, and channels) and large clasts. Morphological analysis of these features clarifies their general characteristics and genetic interpretations. Pseudokarst features can be classified into two major categories, namely the relatively small (<1 m) and large (>1 m) features. Potholes, which are usually 1–3 m in size, are the most characteristic features occurring on two levels, i.e., on steep walls of the gorge (half-filled with river water) and on slightly inclined surfaces of a terrace-like landform (subaerial exposure). In both cases, their walls from the side of the river are broken. Apparently, these potholes were formed on the river bottom. Subsequent incision of the gorge elevated potholes and the river has eroded them from one side. Apparently, some pseudokarst features are related to macroturbulent flood flows and granite weathering. Due to its scientific uniqueness and aesthetic attractiveness, this granite pseudokarst constitutes geoheritage, which can be exploited for the purposes of geoscience research and geotourism development.
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Hočevar, Marko. "Art as praxis: Danko Grlić’s conception of art beyond technological determinism". Thesis Eleven 159, nr 1 (28.07.2020): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513620946944.
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The article explores the specific conception of art developed by Danko Grlić, a prominent member of the Yugoslav Praxis School. Grlić conceptualised art beyond both aesthetic norms and technological determinism. Within the context of praxis philosophy, a distinct theory of the subject and a Marxist humanist approach, he reconceptualised art as a distinct type of praxis, a revolutionary and creative practice of changing existing living conditions. The article explains how his unique understanding of art leads Grlić to analyse, criticise and refute various Marxist approaches to art: art as an ideology, art as a reflection of the objective world, art as sociological analysis. Moreover, while sharing many ideas and conceptions with Walter Benjamin’s materialist conception of art, Grlić reached the point where he became critical due to Benjamin’s belief in technology concerning processes of emancipation, which Grlić viewed with scepticism.
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Thomas, Tashima. "An Ecocritical Look at Flint's Water Crisis and Afro-Gothic Liquidity". liquid blackness 6, nr 2 (1.10.2022): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26923874-9930283.
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Abstract In 2014, as a cost-saving measure, Flint, Michigan, switched its water supply to the Flint River — the unofficial toxic waste disposal site for meatpacking plants, car factories, and lumber and paper mills, as well as the city's depository of agricultural and urban runoff and untreated raw sewage. In what may be viewed as the Gothic trope of the “poisoned well,” the Flint water crisis has directly affected a mostly African American population where 45 percent of Flint's residents are living below the poverty line. This essay positions the Flint water crisis in conversation with artist Pope.L, who in 2017 created an installation/performance/marketplace in which he bottled the noxious water shuttled to Flint residents and sold it to willing buyers. I consider the aesthetics and performativity of Pope.L's Flint Water Project alongside the nautical world-building of Drexciya and the aquatic hybrid figures in Wangechi Mutu's work. This assembly offers a speculative approach to an Afro-Gothic liquidity through an understanding of black geophysics as an embodiment of alluvial monstrosities and aquatic refusals.
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Kayanidi, Leonid. "Vyacheslav Ivanov’s Tragedy «Prometheus» and Heraclitus". Izvestia of Smolensk State University, nr 4 (52) (16.12.2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-52-4-5-24.
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The tragedy «Prometheus» (1919) is one of the most complex literary works by Vyacheslav Ivanov (1866–1949), a Russian symbolic poet. It contains numerous references to mythology, ritual practices, ancient and modern European literature
and philosophy. In the article the author analyzes a Heraclitian layer of Ivanov’s tragedy and relies primarily on the sources contained in the poet’s personal library. Heraclitus is one of the most beloved and highly sought philosophers by
Ivanov. The poet repeatedly quotes or mentions individual fragments or ideas of the pre-Socratic philosopher in his lyrics, philosophical and aesthetic articles, and scientific
works. Heraclitus’ philosophy is essential for revealing the Prometheus-Dionysian mythologeme that is the basis of Ivanov’s tragedy. The symbolism of the material elements (fire, water and earth) is reflected in the composition scheme of
the work preceded by the text of the tragedy. Like Heraclitus’ fire, Ivanov’s one takes on a cosmogonic and anthropogenic significance. Heraclitus’ fire is identified by Ivanov with Dionysus-Zagreus and primordial Zeus (the transcendent-divine
principle) which is opposed to Zeus-Kronid (the immanent-divine principle). Ivanov follows Heraclitus in understanding the human spirit as fire seeds, combining Christian, Eleusinian, stoic, and Heraclitian semantics in a complex way. One of the leitmotivs of the tragedy, based on Heraclitus, is understanding of
war as the essence of the cosmogonic, metaphysical and historical-cultural process. This leitmotiv permeates the key scenes of the tragedy: creation of Pandora, the first crime, the first sacrifice. Special attention is paid to the demonstration of deep
mythological connections between Prometheus, fire and war and the Christianization of Heraclitian philosophical mythologemes.
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Brei, Vinicius, i Mark Tadajewski. "Crafting the market for bottled water: a social praxeology approach". European Journal of Marketing 49, nr 3/4 (13.04.2015): 327–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2013-0172.
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Purpose – This paper aims to account for the crafting of the constellation of brand and consumer values around an everyday product, that of bottled water. This paper situates the exponential growth of this market in its historical and cultural context, paying particular attention to the fostering of the “social conditions of possibility” for this product in the French market. The socio-historical context and the interplay of stakeholders to the respondents’ understanding and uses of bottled water, highlighting the importance of a range of factors that made this market and product resonate with their requirements, are linked. Design/methodology/approach – This account responds to the call for more engagement with social theory in marketing and consumer research (Brownlie and Hewer, 2011). It also connects with recent scholarly pleas for a displacement of the consumer from the center of our analytic attention (Askegaard and Linnet, 2011; Holt, 2012). It does so by using the social praxeology approach associated with Pierre Bourdieu to study the affirmation and sedimentation of the practices surrounding the consumption of bottled water in France. Findings – Influential institutional actors invoked discourses of purity, nature and health, juxtaposing these with the risks of tap water consumption. These were cemented by the influence of pediatricians who encouraged changes in family drinking habits which translated into long-term shifts in consumer behavior. By contrast to studies of different contexts, our respondents were greatly enamored by the materiality of the products themselves, using these in innovative ways for aesthetic pursuits. The social praxeology approach uncovers how brand and consumer value have been constructed in the French bottled water market. Research limitations/implications – This study is based on the historical development and growth of the market for bottled water in France. It would be a valuable exercise to investigate other contexts to determine whether the strategies of symbolic competition, especially the use of expert intermediaries rich in cultural capital that can be identified, are reflected elsewhere. Practical implications – Bottled water producers will have to confront the issue of the resource-intensiveness of their products. This feature stands in marked contrast to the symbolic capital and points of differentiation that producers have weaved around bottled water. Such contradictions will be exposed by actors in other fields (e.g. the environmental movement). This can be expected to have an impact on the consumption and viability of this market in future. Originality/value – This paper uses a philosophical framework – social praxeology – to chart the development, affirmation and exponential growth of the bottled water market. Via a combination of historical re-construction and empirical research, it highlights the interactive relationships between government, producers and consumers, uncovering brand and consumer value creation.
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Sherren, Kate, Kirsten Ellis, Julia A. Guimond, Barret Kurylyk, Nicole LeRoux, Jeremy Lundholm, Mark L. Mallory i in. "Understanding multifunctional Bay of Fundy dykelands and tidal wetlands using ecosystem services—a baseline". FACETS 6 (1.01.2021): 1446–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0073.
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We review what is known about ecosystem service (ES) delivery from agricultural dykelands and tidal wetlands around the dynamic Bay of Fundy in the face of climate change and sea-level rise, at the outset of the national NSERC ResNet project. Agricultural dykelands are areas of drained tidal wetland that have been converted to agricultural lands and protected using dykes and aboiteaux (one-way drains or sluices), first introduced by early French settlers (Acadians). Today, Nova Scotia’s 242 km system of dykes protect 17,364 ha of increasingly diverse land uses—including residential, industrial, and commercial uses as well as significant tourism, recreational, and cultural amenities—and is undergoing system modernization and adaptation. Different ES are provided by drained and undrained landscapes such as agriculture from dykelands and regulating services from wetlands, but more complex dynamics exist when beneficiaries are differentiated. This review reveals many knowledge gaps about ES delivery and dynamics, including around net greenhouse gas implications, storm protection, water quality, fish stocks, pollination processes, sense of place, and aesthetics, some of which may reveal shared ES or synergies instead of trade-offs. We emphasize the need to be open to adapting ES concepts and categorizations to fully understand Indigenous implications of these land use decisions.
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Chornopyshchuk, Roman. "Experimental substantiation of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous factors prompt neutralization in burn injuries". Moldovan Medical Journal 64, nr 2 (maj 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-2.21.10.
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Background: High mortality and disability of patients with critical and supercritical burns, long-term treatment, unsatisfactory aesthetic and functional results lead to the search for ways to provide assistance aimed at counteracting the formation of a mass of necrotic tissue, which is crucial for life or death of the victim. Material and methods: The experimental study was performed on 60 sexually mature Wistar rats, which were on a regular diet and weighed 150-160 g. The experimental animals were divided into the main and control groups and were used to simulate burns with boiling water of IIb degree. Results: The traumatic effect of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors of the animals in the main group were immediately neutralized by a gauze napkin soaked in water at a temperature of 18-20 ° C immediately after the simulation of burns, the duration of which became the criterion for dividing them into subgroups. In animals of subgroup 1 the time of application of a wet wipe to the burn area was 1 min., in the 2nd subgroup it was 5 min., 3rd subgroup – 10 min., 4th subgroup – 15 min., 5th subgroup – 20 min. The application napkin was changed when it was heated to 34 °C. Such applications were not performed to the animals of the control group. Conclusions: The conclusion was made on the necessity of prompt neutralization of traumatic action of hyperthermic exogenous and endogenous damage factors as the main elements of burn wound depth. For a broader understanding of action mechanisms of the suggested technology of self-help and mutual first aid as well as the nature of the impact of neutralization directly on the tissues, it is advisable to supplement the research with morphological methods
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Zitzewitz, Karin. "When Does Infrastructure “Qualify for [Artistic] Attention”? The “ABCs” of Contemporary Art in Post-Liberalization India". Journal of Material Culture 27, nr 1 (18.01.2022): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13591835211069613.
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The period between “liberalization,” or the 1991 opening of India's economy to foreign direct investment, and the 2008 onset of the Great Recession was one of unprecedented change in the forms of Indian art and the infrastructures that supported its understanding, presentation, and circulation. This period of efflorescence—of multiplying growth in and transformation of a set of interlocking artistic and social forms—poses methodological challenges similar to those identified by George E. Marcus and Fred R. Myers in their 1995 volume, The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology. Marcus and Myers’ call to focus on appropriation, boundary-making, and circulation, though meant to submit the Western art world to critique, coincides quite clearly with three particularly salient changes seen in Indian contemporary art in the period: the turn to unconventional material as artistic media (appropriation); the deliberate integration of artistic work with the materialities of everyday life (boundary); and the development of entirely new curatorial infrastructures and frameworks (circulation). The present essay examines these changes through Mumbai-based artist Navjot Altaf's post-1996, ongoing collaborative work with adivasi (indigenous) artists in the Central Indian region of Bastar. Eventually registered as the NGO Dialogue Interactive Artists Association (DIAA), the collective's activities have ranged from parallel exhibitions of “art” and “craft” to site-specific, cross-disciplinary engagements with play structures (Pilla Gudi) and water taps (Nalpar) built upon collective practices meant to bridge the considerable social distance between urban upper-class and adivasi artists. DIAA's work with water, like other artistic engagements with infrastructure, highlights the social, aesthetic, material, and political aspects of the built networks that sustain everyday life. Their critique leveraged Marcus and Myers’ ABCs, incorporating critical acts of appropriation, the active violation of social and geographical boundaries, and, above all, demonstration of a concern with circulation.
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Baniyamin, Nurhaya, i Aida Shazlin Shaharom. "ABSTRACTION OF TRADITIONAL CRAFTS INTO EXPRESSIVE SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE". International Journal of Creative Industries 3, nr 8 (15.12.2021): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijcrei.38006.
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Socio-cultural aspects of craft, along with aesthetic and creativity, are expressed in the products of craft practices. Craft activities of weaving may be deeply imbued with unique cultural values and expressive of cultural identities. The paper concerns how traditional Malay craft is abstracted onto a real-life project which has to deal with the problem of modularity and buildability. The focus is on the food covers or better known as tudung saji pattern, woven using a specific technique called triaxial or hexagonal weave, where the strands are plaited in three directions. Understanding and making explicit, formalizing and computing the craft patterns provide new insights into its cultural dynamics as well as creative and generative possibilities. The paper summarizes the design process from craft to meaning and philosophy to variations of modern abstraction. The concepts were integrated into an innovative cladding design of a passive cooling system. The design and development process of water-wall design includes the production of digital three-dimensional model. The efforts to merge craft sensibilities and practices with new making technologies and computational strategies have uncovered several interesting viewpoints. The implication of the study is to inculcate the symbolic application of cultural values in craft goods towards design. Future work towards sustainability in craft is part of revival. Traditional Malay craft need abstraction and reinvention in a contemporary way, to create an expressive connection and foster cultural identity within time and space.
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Page, Jeremy. "Aesthetic Understanding". Estetika: The European Journal of Aesthetics LIX/XV, nr 1 (2022): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/eeja.269.
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Forrest, Peter. "Aesthetic Understanding". Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 51, nr 3 (wrzesień 1991): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2107874.
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van Zanten, Boris T., Derek B. Van Berkel, Ross K. Meentemeyer, Jordan W. Smith, Koen F. Tieskens i Peter H. Verburg. "Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, nr 46 (31.10.2016): 12974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614158113.
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Individuals, communities, and societies ascribe a diverse array of values to landscapes. These values are shaped by the aesthetic, cultural, and recreational benefits and services provided by those landscapes. However, across the globe, processes such as urbanization, agricultural intensification, and abandonment are threatening landscape integrity, altering the personally meaningful connections people have toward specific places. Existing methods used to study landscape values, such as social surveys, are poorly suited to capture dynamic landscape-scale processes across large geographic extents. Social media data, by comparison, can be used to indirectly measure and identify valuable features of landscapes at a regional, continental, and perhaps even worldwide scale. We evaluate the usefulness of different social media platforms—Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram—and quantify landscape values at a continental scale. We find Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram data can be used to quantify landscape values, with features of Instagram being especially suitable due to its relatively large population of users and its functional ability of allowing users to attach personally meaningful comments and hashtags to their uploaded images. Although Panoramio, Flickr, and Instagram have different user profiles, our analysis revealed similar patterns of landscape values across Europe across the three platforms. We also found variables describing accessibility, population density, income, mountainous terrain, or proximity to water explained a significant portion of observed variation across data from the different platforms. Social media data can be used to extend our understanding of how and where individuals ascribe value to landscapes across diverse social, political, and ecological boundaries.
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Mojses, Matej, František Petrovič i Gabriel Bugár. "Evaluation of Land-Use Changes as a Result of Underground Coal Mining—A Case Study on the Upper Nitra Basin, West Slovakia". Water 14, nr 6 (21.03.2022): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060989.
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Mining activity has one of the most fundamental influences on the landscape (in terms of both aesthetics and use). Its activity and manifestations, even when mining takes place underground, have visual manifestations on the surface. The impact of subsurface mining has a synergistic effect on the elements of the landscape structure. This manifestation is continuous in the context of mining intensity. Using the Earth remote sensing method, we identified several fundamental changes. The most significant of these was the creation of wetlands and the modification of watercourse lines. In the area in which there was no permanent water sources, several water areas with a total area of more than 30 ha were created. We also found that the length of watercourses has halved, the area of grassland has doubled, and urban area has decreased. It was the creation of water areas that supported not only better ecological stability of the landscape, but also the growth of biodiversity. Wetlands can be a dynamic element of future development. Understanding the development of land-cover changes is necessary for the purpose of planning nature and landscape conservation, as well as to identify areas of conflict with economic use.