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Yeom, Cheolmin, i Yoojae Won. "Vulnerability Evaluation Method through Correlation Analysis of Android Applications". Sustainability 11, nr 23 (24.11.2019): 6637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236637.
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Due to people in companies use mobile devices to access corporate data, attackers targeting corporate data use vulnerabilities in mobile devices. Most vulnerabilities in applications are caused by the carelessness of developers, and confused deputy attacks and data leak attacks using inter-application vulnerabilities are possible. These vulnerabilities are difficult to find through the single-application diagnostic tool that is currently being studied. This paper proposes a process to automate the decompilation of all the applications on a user’s mobile device and a mechanism to find inter-application vulnerabilities. The mechanism generates a list and matrix, detailing the vulnerabilities in the mobile device. The proposed mechanism is validated through an experiment on an actual mobile device with four installed applications, and the results show that the mechanism can accurately capture all application risks as well as inter-application risks. Through this mechanism, users can expect to find the risks in their mobile devices in advance and prevent damage.
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Tarmizi Ahmad, Mohamed, Michael Lam, Razali Abidin, Shikin Razali i Amzari Zhahir. "Flexible and extendable advance satellite tracking system". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.13 (9.10.2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21320.
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Aircraft tracking via satellite uses four dimensional aircraft position information to enhance flight safety by recording, scrutinizing and visualizing the information generated by an Airborne Tracking Unit (ATU) fitted onboard of aircraft flying from one point to another. It is an important device for aircraft operator to ensure its operational safety. Starfish Tracker SF3100-1 aircraft tracking unit can be used in aircraft satellite tracking applications. Research collaboration between Worldgate Technologies (WGT), Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) has developed the ATU originally from land base to airborne vehicles tracking, hence it provides multitudes of civil and military applications. The ATU is a unique device that enables multi-tasking application such as Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation (ACMI), Network Centric Warfare and Flight Data Monitoring systems. In this paper, system characteristics and its applications are presented with the potential applications for Flight Data Monitoring system.
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Peterson, Brennan, Michael Kwan, Fred Duewer, Andrew Reid i Rhiannon Brooks. "Optimizing X-Ray Inspection for Advanced Packaging Applications". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, nr 1 (1.09.2020): 000165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000165.
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ABSTRACT Over the coming decade, advanced packaging will become increasingly critical to performance, cost, and density improvements in advanced electronics. There is both an industry push: cost and performance advances in transistor scaling are increasingly difficult. And there is an industry pull: customization for each market can be done far more quickly by assembling a series of parts in a package, rather than by design and integration into a single device. This isnt a new idea: Gordon Moore said the same in the 60’s. But after decades of increased device level integration, it is an important change. Figure 1 shows an example (future) device: there are large bumps, hybrid bonds--for extreme bandwidth and low latency connection to cache memory, TSV based DRAM, and multiple CPU to CPU interconnects. Each of these is a failure point. Figure 1: The wide variety of interconnects on future advanced packages Figure 2: the triangle of misery as applied to standard and Advanced xray imaging (AXI) Manufacturing will necessarily advance in the packaging arena: pin density and package size will both increase to support the high bandwidth and device integration demands. The downside of multiple device integration is a higher set of requirements on the reliability of both the individual devices and the fully assembled system. This is an opportunity to take advantage of new strategies and technologies in package inspection. The sampling challenges for both control and inspection for high reliability require systems that can run at 100% coverage and millions of units per year. An overview of reliability sampling challenges as it relates to the end of line inspection, as well as sampling for both defect type and incidence is critical to understanding how and what to measure to maximize yield. There are fundamental tradeoffs between speed, resolution, and signal to noise ratio that inform a systematic engineering understanding of inspection. Optimizing that trade-off specifically for semiconductor inspection leads to dedicated tools with extremely high resolution, speed, and low dose. In parallel with the speed requirements, sensitivity, and noise immunity can be improved with an understanding of the systematic sources of noise. These can be mitigated and even eliminated with novel algorithms for both image enhancement and defect location.
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Sukmana, Irza, Ahmad Yudi Eka Risano, Mahruri Arif Wicaksono i Rizal Adi Saputra. "Perkembangan dan Aplikasi Biomaterial dalam Bidang Kedokteran Modern: A Review". INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, nr 5 (29.10.2022): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i5.1037.
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The medical device market in Indonesia experiences growth every year, Indonesia implements imports of medical devices. Indonesia has many experts in the field of medical devices and their production processes, at university, research institutions and other government institutions. The government provides multi-year grants for research on biomaterials and medical devices. Materials to make medical devices are called biomaterials. Biomaterials can be defined as synthetic materials that interact directly with living bodies in the form of implants or as medical devices. Biomaterials can function to repair, replace, support and or restore parts of the human body. Biomaterials have undergone many developments, types of biomaterials, advanced biomaterials adapted to applications in the medical field. Biomaterials can be in the form of metals, ceramics, polymers or composites with research that continues to advance and be developed. This paper aims to highlight types and application of biomaterials in the medical field as well as the potential application of advanced biomaterials in the future.
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Sajjad, Muhammad, Gerardo Morell i Peter Feng. "Advance in Novel Boron Nitride Nanosheets to Nanoelectronic Device Applications". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, nr 11 (23.05.2013): 5051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am400871s.
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Quanjin, Ma, M. R. M. Rejab, M. S. Idris i M. H. Abdullah. "Design an inexpensive augmented reality platform for the customized application". Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 3 (1.10.2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i2.2470.
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Augmented reality technique (AR) is an emerging method to advance real world (RW) environment or user experience, which is mixed virtual and real reality. It is generally used to support image formation concepts, which is enhanced using relevant equipment. However, the relevant equipment is high-cost, portable, and limited software or hardware equipment, which reduces its potential application areas. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an inexpensive platform to determine the customized application using augmented reality, which is based on open-source software and hardware equipment. It is used to advance the targeted platform with several render effects. In addition, three virtual models are selected and applied animation function on its platform, which is controlled using external device such as keyboard and mouse. It is successful, sufficient and inexpensive device to meet the demands in various applications with external control device.
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Garcia, Lourdes, Genevieve Kerns, Kaitlin O’Reilley, Omolola Okesanjo, Jacob Lozano, Jairaj Narendran, Conor Broeking i in. "The Role of Soft Robotic Micromachines in the Future of Medical Devices and Personalized Medicine". Micromachines 13, nr 1 (26.12.2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010028.
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Developments in medical device design result in advances in wearable technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-specific approaches to medicine. In this review, we analyze the trajectory of biomedical and engineering approaches to soft robotics for healthcare applications. We review current literature across spatial scales and biocompatibility, focusing on engineering done at the biotic-abiotic interface. From traditional techniques for robot design to advances in tunable material chemistry, we look broadly at the field for opportunities to advance healthcare solutions in the future. We present an extracellular matrix-based robotic actuator and propose how biomaterials and proteins may influence the future of medical device design.
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Lansdowne, Krystal, Christopher G. Scully, Loriano Galeotti, Suzanne Schwartz, David Marcozzi i David G. Strauss. "Recent Advances in Medical Device Triage Technologies for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Events". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, nr 3 (14.04.2015): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15004641.
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AbstractIn 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland USA) created the Medical Countermeasures Initiative with the mission of development and promoting medical countermeasures that would be needed to protect the nation from identified, high‐priority chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats and emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to promote regulatory science research of medical devices and to analyze how the devices can be employed in different CBRN scenarios. Triage in CBRN scenarios presents unique challenges for first responders because the effects of CBRN agents and the clinical presentations of casualties at each triage stage can vary. The uniqueness of a CBRN event can render standard patient monitoring medical device and conventional triage algorithms ineffective. Despite the challenges, there have been recent advances in CBRN triage technology that include: novel technologies; mobile medical applications (“medical apps”) for CBRN disasters; electronic triage tags, such as eTriage; diagnostic field devices, such as the Joint Biological Agent Identification System; and decision support systems, such as the Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management Intelligent Syndromes Tool (CHEMM-IST). Further research and medical device validation can help to advance prehospital triage technology for CBRN events.LansdowneK, ScullyCG, GaleottiL, SchwartzS, MarcozziD, StraussDG. Recent advances in medical device triage technologies for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1-4
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Vallabhajosyula, Phani. "Stencil Print solutions for Advance Packaging Applications". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, nr 1 (1.10.2017): 000646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-poster1_124.
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Abstract This paper address two significant applications of stencils in advance packaging field: 1. Ultra-Thin stencils for miniature component (0201m) assembly; 2. Deep Cavity stencils for embedded (open cavity) packaging. As the world of electronics continues to evolve with focus on smaller, lighter, faster, and feature-enhanced high-performing electronic products, so are the requirement for complex stencils to assemble such components. These stencil thicknesses start from less than 25um with apertures as small as 60um (or less). Step stencils are used when varying stencil thicknesses are required to print into cavities or on elevated surfaces or to provide relief for certain features on a board. In the early days of SMT assembly, step stencils were used to reduce the stencil thickness for 25 mil pitch leaded device apertures. Thick metal stencils that have both relief-etch pockets and reservoir step pockets are very useful for paste reservoir printing. Electroform Step-Up Stencils for ceramic BGA's and RF Shields are a good solution to achieve additional solder paste height on the pads of these components as well as providing exceptional paste transfer for smaller components like uBGAs and 0201s. As the components are getting smaller, for example 0201m, or as the available real estate for component placement on a board is getting smaller – finer is the aperture size and the pitch on the stencils. Aggressive distances from step wall to aperture are also required. Ultra-thin stencils with thicknesses in the order of 15um–40um with steps of 15um are used to obtain desired print volumes. Stencils with thickness to this order can be potential tools even to print for RDLs in the package. Cavity technology can be an effective solution in reducing the total assembled PCB thickness (Z-height), most importantly, on designs utilizing taller - stacked devices. Traditionally, dipping process or dispensing process was used to deposit solder paste, flux, or glue on uneven surfaces. However, this takes a longer time when compared to printing using a stencil printer. Reservoir printing using a stencil printer has greater potential in such application. Extensive work has been done in the past to print glue, solder paste and/or flux into cavities using reservoir printing. This paper focuses on printing solder paste into multiple cavities (stencil pockets) with depths ranging from 355 microns to 450 microns, and with varying cavity size, wall angles and various stencil thicknesses ranging from 100 microns to 150 microns. Apertures varying in area ratio were placed in these cavities and experiments were conducted to analyze the print performance of the stencils. As the size of the components and boards/substrates gets smaller - closer placement of components to the cavity (stencil pocket) walls needed to be assessed as well. These applications, the associated stencil design and print results were discussed in detail in this paper.
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Han, Zhaoyang, Liang Lin, Ziyue Wang, Zhuotao Lian, Chen Qiu, Huakun Huang, Lingjun Zhao i Chunhua Su. "CNN-Based Attack Defense for Device-Free Localization". Mobile Information Systems 2022 (24.06.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2323293.
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Device-free localization technology aims to find a target by analyzing the signal strength difference between transmitter and receiver deployed in the target area in advance. Up to now, device-free localization technology has been applied to a wide range of applications and scenarios, such as intrusion detection, environment modeling, and activity recognition. However, some sensors remain at potential risk that signal strength values of sensors have been tampered, or even devices sensors are physically damaged, which leads to inaccurate location results or a whole system crash. To solve the abovementioned problems, we design a CNN-based attack defense method for device-free localization, which can discover falsified signal strength values and error-prone devices. Firstly, we simulate a partial sensor attack or dropout in the device-free localization scenario. Then, we transform the localization problem into an image classification problem and use the convolutional neural networks (CNN) technique for abnormal detection. The experiment result shows that our algorithm can maintain high localization accuracy even under most sensor compromised and disconnected circumstances.
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Yater, J. E. "Secondary electron emission and vacuum electronics". Journal of Applied Physics 133, nr 5 (7.02.2023): 050901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0130972.
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Secondary electron emission serves as the foundation for a broad range of vacuum electronic devices and instrumentation, from particle detectors and multipliers to high-power amplifiers. While secondary yields of at least 3–4 are required in practical applications, the emitter stability can be compromised by surface dynamics during operation. As a result, the range of practical emitter materials is limited. The development of new emitter materials with high yield and robust operation would advance the state-of-the-art and enable new device concepts and applications. In this Perspective article, I first present an analysis of the secondary emission process, with an emphasis on the influence of material properties. From this analysis, ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors and oxides emerge as superior emitter candidates owing to exceptional surface and transport properties that enable a very high yield of low-energy electrons with narrow energy spread. Importantly, exciting advances are being made in the development of promising UWBG semiconductors such as diamond, cubic boron nitride (c-BN), and aluminum nitride (AlN), as well as UWBG oxides with improved conductivity and crystallinity. These advances are enabled by epitaxial growth techniques that provide control over the electronic properties critical to secondary electron emission, while advanced theoretical tools provide guidance to optimize these properties. Presently, H-terminated diamond offers the greatest opportunity because of its thermally stable negative electron affinity (NEA). In fact, an electron amplifier under development exploits the high yield from this NEA surface, while more robust NEA diamond surfaces are demonstrated with potential for high yields in a range of device applications. Although c-BN and AlN are less mature, they provide opportunities to design novel heterostructures that can enhance the yield further.
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Kasper, Erich, Hans Joachim Müssig i Hermann G. Grimmeiss. "Future Material Systems: Requirements and Applications". Materials Science Forum 608 (grudzień 2008): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.608.17.
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Requirements and applications for three different scenarios in material science of microelectronics are discussed. Dimension scaling continous at the same pace (More Moore) by changing to immersion lithography and later to extreme ultraviolet lithography. The functionality of system on chip solutions will be increased by heterogeneous technologies combined with a microelectronics core ( More than Moore). Material science and physical understanding of new device principles started well in advance to judge difficulties and options. The strong links to economy are illustrated by a simple model of exponential growth.
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Kiswantono, Agus. "Design of Atmega2560 Charge Controller Battery Using Static Bicycle". JEEE-U (Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering-UMSIDA) 7, nr 1 (20.04.2023): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jeeeu.v7i1.1666.
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At this time charging system has been increasingly advanced. advance with technological developments. One of them is the use of microcontrollers whose. applications are growing rapidly their application in charging. Battery Charge Controller is a charging device, to adjust the input voltage and output voltage of the battery so as not to overcharge and overdischarge. In this study, a battery charging control system with inputs produced by a pedal power plant was designed to drain the power from the power cycling generator to the Arduino Uno Microcontroller atmega 2560. The test that have been done on the Battery Charge Controller obtained a voltage of 14 volts, which causes the power supply to the load to be stable.
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Lv, Jiangtao, Eunice Sok Ping Leong, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Shanshan Kou, Haitao Dai, Jiao Lin, Yan Jun Liu i Guangyuan Si. "Plasmon-Enhanced Sensing: Current Status and Prospects". Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/474730.
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By combining different plasmonic nanostructures with conventional sensing configurations, chemical/biosensors with significantly enhanced device performance can be achieved. The fast development of plasmon-assisted devices benefits from the advance of nanofabrication technology. In this review, we first briefly show the experimental configurations for testing plasmon enhanced sensing signals and then summarize the classic nanogeometries which are extensively used in sensing applications. By design, dramatic increment of optical signals can be obtained and further applied to gas, refractive index and liquid sensing.
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Parker, Jacob, i Yi Gu. "van der Waals ferroelectrics: Progress and an outlook for future research directions". Journal of Applied Physics 132, nr 16 (28.10.2022): 160901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117355.
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The recent discovery of van der Waals (vdW) ferroelectric materials has inspired their incorporation into numerous nonvolatile technologies and shown potential promise for various device applications. Here in this perspective, we evaluate the recent developments in the field of vdW ferroelectric devices, with discussions focusing on vdW heterostructure ferroelectric field-effect transistors and vdW ferroelectric memristor technologies. Additionally, we discuss some of the many open questions that persist in these technologies and possible pathways research can take to answer these questions and further advance the understanding of vdW ferroelectric materials.
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Arrigo, Marco, Davide Taibi i Giovanni Fulantelli. "MeLOD". International Journal of Systems Applications, Engineering & Development 15 (28.11.2021): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91015.2021.15.31.
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In the last few years, many applications for mobile devices have been developed to support learning experiences both in formal and informal contexts. One of the main limits of these applications concerns the development of learning materials suitable for mobile learning contexts. In fact, learning content must be usually prepared in advance by teachers and maintained during the whole lifespan of the application. In this paper, we present MeLOD, a mobile learning environment, which exploits the huge amount of dataset in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud to overcome the previous issue, and provides contextualized and continuously updated information based on students’ location. The position of the student sent by the mobile device is used to interlink Geonames DBpedia and Europeana datasets to provide information about all the interesting cultural heritage sites close to the student. Moreover, students social activities like voting and commenting are used to enhance the knowledge base of the environment and to provide recommendations for next students’ visits.
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Chittaturi, Lalitha, Sravani N. Venkata Chittabatteni i B. Bharathi. "Active Validation with Sensory Data for Access Control System". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, nr 8 (1.08.2020): 3592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9237.
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This paper covers the main motive of using motion sensors and how to protect the information from unauthorized use. It defines the accelerometer motion sensor for obtaining about x, y, and z-axis of a device. It maintains fewer vulnerabilities so that there is no chance of intruder attacks. Using wireless sensors makes the application more efficient and high security with low cost as these sensors are already present in the device and that can be used either in Android and Web applications. It discusses algorithms like Advance Standard Encryption and techniques like data preprocessing, f-vector extraction and f-vector matching. The main objective is (i) It is completely based on the user movement (ii) It generates a one-time-password based on the rotation of the device (iii) It picks one of the one-time-password as its password. It shows that the analysts, cell phone sellers and application engineers would site to focus on movement sensors and uphold to structure convey viable guard systems.
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Descamps, Lucie, Damien Le Roy i Anne-Laure Deman. "Microfluidic-Based Technologies for CTC Isolation: A Review of 10 Years of Intense Efforts towards Liquid Biopsy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 4 (10.02.2022): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23041981.
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The selection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) directly from blood as a real-time liquid biopsy has received increasing attention over the past ten years, and further analysis of these cells may greatly aid in both research and clinical applications. CTC analysis could advance understandings of metastatic cascade, tumor evolution, and patient heterogeneity, as well as drug resistance. Until now, the rarity and heterogeneity of CTCs have been technical challenges to their wider use in clinical studies, but microfluidic-based isolation technologies have emerged as promising tools to address these limitations. This review provides a detailed overview of latest and leading microfluidic devices implemented for CTC isolation. In particular, this study details must-have device performances and highlights the tradeoff between recovery and purity. Finally, the review gives a report of CTC potential clinical applications that can be conducted after CTC isolation. Widespread microfluidic devices, which aim to support liquid-biopsy-based applications, will represent a paradigm shift for cancer clinical care in the near future.
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Morikawa, Kyojiro, Yutaka Kazoe, Yuto Takagi, Yoshiyuki Tsuyama, Yuriy Pihosh, Takehiko Tsukahara i Takehiko Kitamori. "Advanced Top-Down Fabrication for a Fused Silica Nanofluidic Device". Micromachines 11, nr 11 (9.11.2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110995.
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Nanofluidics have recently attracted significant attention with regard to the development of new functionalities and applications, and producing new functional devices utilizing nanofluidics will require the fabrication of nanochannels. Fused silica nanofluidic devices fabricated by top-down methods are a promising approach to realizing this goal. Our group previously demonstrated the analysis of a living single cell using such a device, incorporating nanochannels having different sizes (102–103 nm) and with branched and confluent structures and surface patterning. However, fabrication of geometrically-controlled nanochannels on the 101 nm size scale by top-down methods on a fused silica substrate, and the fabrication of micro-nano interfaces on a single substrate, remain challenging. In the present study, the smallest-ever square nanochannels (with a size of 50 nm) were fabricated on fused silica substrates by optimizing the electron beam exposure time, and the absence of channel breaks was confirmed by streaming current measurements. In addition, micro-nano interfaces between 103 nm nanochannels and 101 μm microchannels were fabricated on a single substrate by controlling the hydrophobicity of the nanochannel surfaces. A micro-nano interface for a single cell analysis device, in which a nanochannel was connected to a 101 μm single cell chamber, was also fabricated. These new fabrication procedures are expected to advance the basic technologies employed in the field of nanofluidics.
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Sharma, Viney, Pawan Mishra, Suman Sharma i Narinder Singh. "Importance of ETO Sterilization in the Modern Era-A Review." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 06, nr 07 (2023): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2023.6722.
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Introduction-Model sterilizations of genuine medical device items with a known composition showed to be more effective than evaluation in medical devices from medical institutions for research of the behavior of various polymers in the sterilization process. Aim and Objective-To study the importance of eto-Sterilization in the Modern Era. Material and Methods-Various modern text books, Journals and websites were referred for this study. Discussion and Conclusion-Ethylene oxide gas is typically used to sterilize disposable medical equipment. When this sterilization technique is utilized, the medical devices still contain ethylene oxide (EO) and its byproducts, ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) and ethylene glycol (EG), following sterilizations. These residues have the potential to irritate skin or mucous membranes and induce hemolytic activity in humans if their concentration is high. EO, or ethylene oxide, is a widely used sterilizing agent. Based on its variety of uses in the fields of innovative medical device development and sterilizations, its use has, however, only recently become much more prevalent. The progress made in EO sterilizations is discussed in this work, which comes to the conclusion that it is still a viable area to research and advance
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Wu, Shigang, Xin Wang, Zongwen Li, Shijie Zhang i Fei Xing. "Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Application of Graphene Microfluidic Sensors". Micromachines 11, nr 12 (30.11.2020): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121059.
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This review reports the progress of the recent development of graphene-based microfluidic sensors. The introduction of microfluidics technology provides an important possibility for the advance of graphene biosensor devices for a broad series of applications including clinical diagnosis, biological detection, health, and environment monitoring. Compared with traditional (optical, electrochemical, and biological) sensing systems, the combination of graphene and microfluidics produces many advantages, such as achieving miniaturization, decreasing the response time and consumption of chemicals, improving the reproducibility and sensitivity of devices. This article reviews the latest research progress of graphene microfluidic sensors in the fields of electrochemistry, optics, and biology. Here, the latest development trends of graphene-based microfluidic sensors as a new generation of detection tools in material preparation, device assembly, and chip materials are summarized. Special emphasis is placed on the working principles and applications of graphene-based microfluidic biosensors, especially in the detection of nucleic acid molecules, protein molecules, and bacterial cells. This article also discusses the challenges and prospects of graphene microfluidic biosensors.
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Hung, Yu-Hsin. "Improved Ensemble-Learning Algorithm for Predictive Maintenance in the Manufacturing Process". Applied Sciences 11, nr 15 (25.07.2021): 6832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156832.
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Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies comprise sensors, devices, networks, and applications from the edge to the cloud. Recent advances in data communication and application using IIoT have streamlined predictive maintenance (PdM) for equipment maintenance and quality management in manufacturing processes. PdM is useful in fields such as device, facility, and total quality management. PdM based on cloud or edge computing has revolutionized smart manufacturing processes. To address quality management problems, herein, we develop a new calculation method that improves ensemble-learning algorithms with adaptive learning to make a boosted decision tree more intelligent. The algorithm predicts main PdM issues, such as product failure or unqualified manufacturing equipment, in advance, thus improving the machine-learning performance. Herein, semiconductor and blister packing machine data are used separately in manufacturing data analytics. The former data help in predicting yield failure in a semiconductor manufacturing process. The blister packing machine data are used to predict the product packaging quality. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is accurate, with an area under a receiver operating characteristic curve exceeding 96%. Thus, the proposed method provides a practical approach for PDM in semiconductor manufacturing processes and blister packing machines.
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Yamaji, Koki, i Yoshihisa Muraoka. "Motor Driving Control of an X-Y-Z Table Using a Photoelectric Device and Optical Pattern Recognition". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, nr 4 (20.08.1999): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0342.
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The introduction of industrial robots is an indispensable methodology in acheving factory automation. In order to advance the application technology of the robots, peripheral technology such as measurement and recognition must be developed. There are large amount of research devoted to sensing and recognition devices and systems. Assembly automation requires the accurate three dimensional position sensors, positioning systems and related sensory devices. A wide variety of optical devices have been developed for many applications. The advent of the laser has provided a coherent light source. This makes applications possible including highly accurate measurement and optical pattern recognition devices. In this paper, position detectors which use the lateral photo effect are applied to position detection and positioning for a X-Y-Z stage. Lasers (He-Ne, 632.8nm) are used for a light source and PSD's are used for light receptors. Both devices are applied efficiently to the absolute position detection of a X-Y-Z stage and to the pattern recognition.
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Tavakoli, Javad, Colin L. Raston i Youhong Tang. "Tuning Surface Morphology of Fluorescent Hydrogels Using a Vortex Fluidic Device". Molecules 25, nr 15 (29.07.2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153445.
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In recent decades, microfluidic techniques have been extensively used to advance hydrogel design and control the architectural features on the micro- and nanoscale. The major challenges with the microfluidic approach are clogging and limited architectural features: notably, the creation of the sphere, core-shell, and fibers. Implementation of batch production is almost impossible with the relatively lengthy time of production, which is another disadvantage. This minireview aims to introduce a new microfluidic platform, a vortex fluidic device (VFD), for one-step fabrication of hydrogels with different architectural features and properties. The application of a VFD in the fabrication of physically crosslinked hydrogels with different surface morphologies, the creation of fluorescent hydrogels with excellent photostability and fluorescence properties, and tuning of the structure–property relationship in hydrogels are discussed. We conceive, on the basis of this minireview, that future studies will provide new opportunities to develop hydrogel nanocomposites with superior properties for different biomedical and engineering applications.
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Xie, Yiwei, Leimeng Zhuang i Arthur J. Lowery. "Picosecond optical pulse processing using a terahertz-bandwidth reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit". Nanophotonics 7, nr 5 (24.05.2018): 837–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2017-0113.
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AbstractChip-scale integrated optical signal processors promise to support a multitude of signal processing functions with bandwidths beyond the limit of microelectronics. Previous research has made great contributions in terms of demonstrating processing functions and device building blocks. Currently, there is a significant interest in providing functional reconfigurability, to match a key advantage of programmable microelectronic processors. To advance this concept, in this work, we experimentally demonstrate a photonic integrated circuit as an optical signal processor with an unprecedented combination of two key features: reconfigurability and terahertz bandwidth. These features enable a variety of processing functions on picosecond optical pulses using a single device. In the experiment, we successfully verified clock rate multiplication, arbitrary waveform generation, discretely and continuously tunable delays, multi-path combining and bit-pattern recognition for 1.2-ps-duration optical pulses at 1550 nm. These results and selected head-to-head comparisons with commercially available devices show our device to be a flexible integrated platform for ultrahigh-bandwidth optical signal processing and point toward a wide range of applications for telecommunications and beyond.
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Ren, Shiwei, i Abderrahim Yassar. "Recent Research Progress in Indophenine-Based-Functional Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Applications". Materials 16, nr 6 (20.03.2023): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062474.
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This review highlights selected examples, published in the last three to four years, of recent advance in the design, synthesis, properties, and device performance of quinoidal π-conjugated materials. A particular emphasis is placed on emerging materials, such as indophenine dyes that have the potential to enable high-performance devices. We specifically discuss the recent advances and design guidelines of π-conjugated quinoidal molecules from a chemical standpoint. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first compilation of literature on indophenine-based semiconducting materials covering their scope, limitations, and applications. In the first section, we briefly introduce some of the organic electronic devices that are the basic building blocks for certain applications involving organic semiconductors (OSCs). We introduce the definition of key performance parameters of three organic devices: organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic thermoelectric generators (TE). In section two, we review recent progress towards the synthesis of quinoidal semiconducting materials. Our focus will be on indophenine family that has never been reviewed. We discuss the relationship between structural properties and energy levels in this family of molecules. The last section reports the effect of structural modifications on the performance of devices: OFET, OPV and TE. In this review, we provide a general insight into the association between the molecular structure and electronic properties in quinoidal materials, encompassing both small molecules and polymers. We also believe that this review offers benefits to the organic electronics and photovoltaic communities, by shedding light on current trends in the synthesis and progression of promising novel building blocks. This can provide guidance for synthesizing new generations of quinoidal or diradical materials with tunable optoelectronic properties and more outstanding charge carrier mobility.
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Simon, John, Kevin Schulte, Kelsey Horowitz, Timothy Remo, David Young i Aaron Ptak. "III-V-Based Optoelectronics with Low-Cost Dynamic Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy". Crystals 9, nr 1 (20.12.2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9010003.
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Silicon is the dominant semiconductor in many semiconductor device applications for a variety of reasons, including both performance and cost. III-V materials exhibit improved performance compared to silicon, but currently, they are relegated to applications in high-value or niche markets, due to the absence of a low-cost, high-quality production technique. Here we present an advance in III-V materials synthesis, using a hydride vapor phase epitaxy process that has the potential to lower III-V semiconductor deposition costs, while maintaining the requisite optoelectronic material quality that enables III-V-based technologies to outperform Si. We demonstrate the impacts of this advance by addressing the use of III-Vs in terrestrial photovoltaics, a highly cost-constrained market.
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Ruiz-Martínez, Antonio, Daniel Sánchez-Martínez, María Martínez-Montesinos i Antonio F. Gómez-Skarmeta. "A Survey of Electronic Signature Solutions in Mobile Devices". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2, nr 3 (1.12.2007): 94–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer2030024.
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The development of electronic signature in mobile devices is an essential issue for the advance and expansion of the mobile electronic commerce since it provides security and trust in the system. E-signatures provide security for the transactions with authenticity and integrity characteristics that make non-repudiation of the transactions possible. In recent years, different technologies and infrastructures have been developed with the aim of implementing mobile signature processes. Some are based on the SIM card. Others work over the middleware of the mobile device and cryptographic providers. Finally, there are already some frameworks which are independent of specific mobile device technologies and make mobile signatures available to application providers. Therefore, there is a great range of possibilities. In this paper we review the different solutions to date to provide electronic signature in mobile devices (SMS signature, SATK, WIM, USAT-i, SATSA, Mobile signature service, etc). We will comment on the most important goals of each solution and analyse the advantages and disadvantages. From this analysis we will obtain a global view of the current and future tendencies of mobile signature and thus help to provide mobile signature solutions.
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Lokesh, Deepika, i N. V. Uma Reddy. "Energy Efficient Routing Design for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS 19 (21.06.2022): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23209.2022.19.13.
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The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provides an advance way for connection of various applications. Most of the applications use the wireless sensor network to transmit the information from the device to the main base station. The main operation of the wireless sensor network is to first sense the data using the sensor, then collect the data and finally transmit to the required base station. The data is transmitted in a timely manner such that the other wireless sensor network transmitting the information should not have any problem. During the transmission of the data the main objective of the wireless sensor network device is to provide reliability to the information which is being sent with less latency and to reduce the energy consumption in order to increase the lifespan of the wireless sensor network. Therefore, this paper presents an Energy Efficient Routing for the Target Tracking (EER-TT) in the wireless sensor network which provides reliability, less latency and reduces the energy consumption during the transmission of the information to the base station. Proposed model also provides a cluster selection method for the routing of the wireless sensor network devices. The results attained show that our model EER-TT shows better results when compared with the existing routing-based models.
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Nielsen, Anna V., Michael J. Beauchamp, Gregory P. Nordin i Adam T. Woolley. "3D Printed Microfluidics". Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, nr 1 (12.06.2020): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-102649.
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Traditional microfabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages, including the inability to create truly three-dimensional (3D) architectures, expensive and time-consuming processes when changing device designs, and difficulty in transitioning from prototyping fabrication to bulk manufacturing. 3D printing is an emerging technique that could overcome these disadvantages. While most 3D printed fluidic devices and features to date have been on the millifluidic size scale, some truly microfluidic devices have been shown. Currently, stereolithography is the most promising approach for routine creation of microfluidic structures, but several approaches under development also have potential. Microfluidic 3D printing is still in an early stage, similar to where polydimethylsiloxane was two decades ago. With additional work to advance printer hardware and software control, expand and improve resin and printing material selections, and realize additional applications for 3D printed devices, we foresee 3D printing becoming the dominant microfluidic fabrication method.
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Mäkynen, Marko, i Fernando S. Schlindwein. "Wearable Devices Combined with Artificial Intelligence—A Future Technology for Atrial Fibrillation Detection?" Sensors 22, nr 22 (8.11.2022): 8588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22228588.
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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in the world. The arrhythmia and methods developed to cure it have been studied for several decades. However, professionals worldwide are still working to improve treatment quality. One novel technology that can be useful is a wearable device. The two most used recordings from these devices are photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. As the price lowers, these devices will become significant technology to increase sensitivity, for monitoring and for treatment quality support. This is important as AF can be challenging to detect in advance, especially during home monitoring. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to respond to this challenge. AI has already achieved state of the art results in many applications, including bioengineering. In this perspective, we discuss wearable devices combined with AI for AF detection, an approach that enables a new era of possibilities for the future.
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Lee, Sang-Hoon, Sangwon Seo, Soochang Park i Tae-Sung Kim. "Fast Connectivity Construction via Deep Channel Learning Cognition in Beyond 5G D2D Networks". Electronics 11, nr 10 (16.05.2022): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101580.
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Along with the recent advance in wireless networking and data processing technologies, demands for low latency communication (LLC) are increasing in a wide variety of future-driven autonomous applications such as a smart factory, self-driving cars, and so on. The fifth generation of cellular mobile communications (5G) will cover this need as one of three key capacities in their usage scenarios: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The 5G systems are composed of mobile devices and various internet of things (IoT) devices for sensing, acting, and information services; they configure diverse networking topologies such as direct mobile-to-mobile, also known as device-to-device (D2D). In the 5G D2D network systems, the network topologies are easily broken because of the mobile devices such as smartphones, IoT devices, and so on. Thus, for the highly flexible and extensible 5G D2D network systems, mobility support for the mobile devices is necessary. In this paper, we first explore the mobility issues in beyond 5G D2D. Since there are static and mobile elements in the 5G application domains such as the smart factory, overall mobility would lead to highly frequent topology reconfiguration or connectivity reconstruction. Thus, latency-related problems derived from topology changes and connectivity failures due to the mobility are addressed. To handle the problems, a fast connectivity construction scheme, denoted by LMK, is proposed with a deep neural network dealing with learning on radio signal information in order to achieve the LLC. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide reliable connectivity for the MAC layer link with a low latency data transmission.
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Kadam, Saurabh Machhindra, i Pratap Singh Solanki. "A Literature Survey on Applications of 5G Technologies for Water Resource Management". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, nr 3 (31.03.2023): 1190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49600.
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Abstract: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become the integral part of our everyday life. ICT has been playing vital and essential role in all modern and advance field. ICT covers computing, communication, information accessing, processing and transmitting the same with high security. In addition to increased network capacity requirements to handle a large number of devices running apps that need high data rates and always-on access, 5G can provide high speeds, low latency, and more capacity with the potential to change what we have experienced with our mobile device. This will be extremely beneficial to the emerging business models in the wireless network market that call for networks to be more open. The location, administration, and operation of upcoming 5G wireless networks will differ from those of present wireless networks due to new obstacles that call for new solutions and include revised planning. 5G wireless networks will have among their main goals the compliance provision of service-tailored networks to a wide range of services employing integrated cloud reserves and wireless and wired network assets, which may be offered by various infrastructure suppliers and/or operators.
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Zhang, Chunhuan, Haiyun Dong, Chuang Zhang, Yuqing Fan, Jiannian Yao i Yong Sheng Zhao. "Photonic skins based on flexible organic microlaser arrays". Science Advances 7, nr 31 (lipiec 2021): eabh3530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abh3530.
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Flexible photonics is rapidly emerging as a promising platform for artificial smart skins to imitate or extend the capabilities of human skins. Organic material systems provide a promising avenue to directly fabricate large-scale flexible device units; however, the versatile fabrication of all-organic integrated devices with desired photonic functionalities remains a great challenge. Here, we develop an effective technique for the mass processing of organic microlaser arrays, which act as sensing units, on the chip of photonic skins. With a bilayer electron-beam direct writing method, we fabricated flexible mechanical sensor networks composed of coupled-cavity single-mode laser sources on pliable polymer substrates. These microlaser-based mechanical sensor chips were subsequently used to recognize hand gestures, showing great potential for artificial skin applications. This work represents a substantial advance toward scalable construction of high-performance and low-cost flexible photonic chips, thus paving the way for the implementation of smart photonic skins into practical applications.
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Li, Rongfeng, Liu Wang i Lan Yin. "Materials and Devices for Biodegradable and Soft Biomedical Electronics". Materials 11, nr 11 (26.10.2018): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112108.
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Biodegradable and soft biomedical electronics that eliminate secondary surgery and ensure intimate contact with soft biological tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in high-quality healthcare monitoring and effective disease treatments. Recent systematic studies have significantly expanded the biodegradable electronic materials database, and various novel transient systems have been proposed. Biodegradable materials with soft properties and integration schemes of flexible or/and stretchable platforms will further advance electronic systems that match the properties of biological systems, providing an important step along the path towards clinical trials. This review focuses on recent progress and achievements in biodegradable and soft electronics for biomedical applications. The available biodegradable materials in their soft formats, the associated novel fabrication schemes, the device layouts, and the functionality of a variety of fully bioresorbable and soft devices, are reviewed. Finally, the key challenges and possible future directions of biodegradable and soft electronics are provided.
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LIJAU, EMILLI. "MyMaster : A Multifactor Authentication Scheme for Smart Home Device". Journal of IT in Asia 9, nr 1 (30.11.2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jita.3856.2021.
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Smart homes are one of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications most significant to enable people to operate intelligent devices on the Internet in their homes. However, when users can access an intelligent home system remotely, they have major privacy and confidentiality difficulties to overcome. Nothing has been done to improve the safety characteristics of an intelligent home with current research on authentication approaches. For example, to address these issues and to develop a reciprocal tracking authentication system with a critical aspect of a deal, we recommend an Internet based Smart Home System (IFTTT) model. As a controller and a safety guard, an IFTTT-Home Gateway provides a user with remote access to a Smart Home System within their company. The system is designed for mutual authentication with security features such as anonymity and full advance security by using Elliptical Curve Encryption, Nonces, XOR or cryptographic Hash functions. We also incorporate multi factor authentication (MFA) into the model to ensure more security and preventing privacy leakage.
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Pointl, Michael, i Daniela Fuchs-Hanusch. "Assessing the Potential of LPWAN Communication Technologies for Near Real-Time Leak Detection in Water Distribution Systems". Sensors 21, nr 1 (4.01.2021): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010293.
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While low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies have been studied extensively for a broad spectrum of smart city applications, their potential for water distribution system monitoring in high temporal resolution has not been studied in detail. However, due to their low power demand, these technologies offer new possibilities for operating pressure-monitoring devices for near real-time leak detection in water distribution systems (WDS). By combining long-distance wireless communication with low power consumption, LPWAN technologies promise long periods of maintenance-free device operation without having to rely on an external power source. This is of particular importance for pressure-based leak detection where optimal sensor positions are often located in the periphery of WDS without a suitable power source. To assess the potential of these technologies for replacing widely-used wireless communication technologies for leak detection, GPRS is compared with the LPWAN standards Narrowband IoT, long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) and Sigfox. Based on sampling and transmission rates commonly applied in leak detection, the ability of these three technologies to replace GPRS is analyzed based on a self-developed low-power pressure-monitoring device and a simplified, linear energy-consumption model. The results indicate that even though some of the analyzed LPWAN technologies may suffer from contractual and technical limitations, all of them offer viable alternatives, meeting the requirements of leak detection in WDS. In accordance with existing research on data transmission with these technologies, the findings of this work show that even while retaining a compact design, which entails a limited battery capacity, pressure-monitoring devices can exceed runtimes of 5 years, as required for installation at water meters in Austria. Thus, LPWAN technologies have the potential to advance the wide application of near real-time, pressure-based leak detection in WDS, while simultaneously reducing the cost of device operation significantly.
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Knauss, Steven J., Samuel A. Brennan i Mark A. Atwater. "In-Situ Formation of Carbon Nanofiber Hybrid Architectures for Functional Devices". MRS Advances 4, nr 33-34 (2019): 1869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.312.
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AbstractCarbon nanomaterials are consistently providing new excitement over their properties and potential applications, but many of these material have yet to fully live up to their expectations commercially. The barrier to adoption often exists as a result of complex processing, fragility of the as-produced material, or difficulty scaling beyond laboratory quantities. This work provides a new approach for utilizing fibrous carbon nanomaterials to advance the technology toward new applications and industrial utility. This is accomplished by creating tailored device architectures through in-situ integration of activated carbon powder using carbon nanofiber deposition. The resulting hybrid materials and components can serve in diverse applications, with each instance able to be fine-tuned through a combination of processing parameters. The applications of such materials are anticipated to directly serve current carbon-based technology in filtration, energy storage and delivery, and thermal management, but the concepts are not limited to current carbon applications.
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Kim, Sangdae, Cheonyong Kim, Hyunchong Cho i Kwansoo Jung. "A Hierarchical Routing Graph for Supporting Mobile Devices in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks". Sensors 21, nr 2 (11.01.2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020458.
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As many industrial applications require real-time and reliability communication, a variety of routing graph construction schemes were proposed to satisfy the requirements in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). Each device transmits packet through a route which is designated based on the graph. However, as existing studies consider a network consists of static devices only, they cannot cope with the network changes by movement of mobile devices considered important in the recent industrial environment. Thus, the communication requirements cannot be guaranteed because the existing path is broken by the varying network topology. The communication failure could cause critical problems such as malfunctioning equipment. The problem is caused repeatedly by continuous movement of mobile devices, even if a new graph is reconstructed for responding the changed topology. To support mobile devices exploited in various industrial environments, we propose a Hierarchical Routing Graph Construction (HRGC). The HRGC is consisted of two phases for hierarchical graph construction: In first phase, a robust graph called skeleton graph consisting only of static devices is constructed. The skeleton graph is not affected by network topology changes and does not suffer from packet loss. In second phase, the mobile devices are grafted into the skeleton graph for seamless communication. Through the grafting process, the routes are established in advance for mobile device to communicate with nearby static devices in anywhere. The simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio is improved when the graph is constructed through the HRGC.
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Kim , Sangdae, Cheonyong Kim , Hyunchong Cho i Kwansoo Jung . "A Hierarchical Routing Graph for Supporting Mobile Devices in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks". Sensors 21, nr 2 (11.01.2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020458.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As many industrial applications require real-time and reliability communication, a variety of routing graph construction schemes were proposed to satisfy the requirements in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs). Each device transmits packet through a route which is designated based on the graph. However, as existing studies consider a network consists of static devices only, they cannot cope with the network changes by movement of mobile devices considered important in the recent industrial environment. Thus, the communication requirements cannot be guaranteed because the existing path is broken by the varying network topology. The communication failure could cause critical problems such as malfunctioning equipment. The problem is caused repeatedly by continuous movement of mobile devices, even if a new graph is reconstructed for responding the changed topology. To support mobile devices exploited in various industrial environments, we propose a Hierarchical Routing Graph Construction (HRGC). The HRGC is consisted of two phases for hierarchical graph construction: In first phase, a robust graph called skeleton graph consisting only of static devices is constructed. The skeleton graph is not affected by network topology changes and does not suffer from packet loss. In second phase, the mobile devices are grafted into the skeleton graph for seamless communication. Through the grafting process, the routes are established in advance for mobile device to communicate with nearby static devices in anywhere. The simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio is improved when the graph is constructed through the HRGC.
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Benmahdjoub, Mohammed Amine, Abdelkader Mezouar, Larbi Boumediene i Youcef Saidi. "Embedded Electrical Network Advance Controlling Based on SVC Device and Automatic Voltage Regulator". Journal of Control, Automation and Electrical Systems 31, nr 1 (4.12.2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00550-2.
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Jiang, He, Jibiao Jin, Zijie Wang, Wuji Wang, Runfeng Chen, Ye Tao, Qin Xue, Chao Zheng, Guohua Xie i Wei Huang. "Constructing Donor-Resonance-Donor Molecules for Acceptor-Free Bipolar Organic Semiconductors". Research 2021 (9.02.2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/9525802.
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Organic semiconductors with bipolar transporting character are highly attractive as they offer the possibility to achieve high optoelectronic performance in simple device structures. However, the continual efforts in preparing bipolar materials are focusing on donor-acceptor (D-A) architectures by introducing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing units into one molecule in static molecular design principles. Here, we report a dynamic approach to construct bipolar materials using only electron-donating carbazoles connected by N-P=X resonance linkages in a donor-resonance-donor (D-r-D) structure. By facilitating the stimuli-responsive resonance variation, these D-r-D molecules exhibit extraordinary bipolar properties by positively charging one donor of carbazole in enantiotropic N+=P-X- canonical forms for electron transport without the involvement of any acceptors. With thus realized efficient and balanced charge transport, blue and deep-blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes hosted by these D-r-D molecules show high external quantum efficiencies up to 16.2% and 18.3% in vacuum-deposited and spin-coated devices, respectively. These results via the D-r-D molecular design strategy represent an important concept advance in constructing bipolar organic optoelectronic semiconductors dynamically for high-performance device applications.
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Kim, Hanul, Inayat Uddin, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Dongmok Whang i Gil-Ho Kim. "Conversion of Charge Carrier Polarity in MoTe2 Field Effect Transistor via Laser Doping". Nanomaterials 13, nr 10 (22.05.2023): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13101700.
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A two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystalline transition metal dichalcogenides has shown immense features, aiming for future nanoelectronic devices comparable to conventional silicon (Si). 2D molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) has a small bandgap, appears close to that of Si, and is more favorable than other typical 2D semiconductors. In this study, we demonstrate laser-induced p-type doping in a selective region of n-type semiconducting MoTe2 field effect transistors (FET) with an advance in using the hexagonal boron nitride as passivation layer from protecting the structure phase change from laser doping. A single nanoflake MoTe2-based FET, exhibiting initial n-type and converting to p-type in clear four-step doping, changing charge transport behavior in a selective surface region by laser doping. The device shows high electron mobility of about 23.4 cm2V−1s−1 in an intrinsic n-type channel and hole mobility of about 0.61 cm2V−1s−1 with a high on/off ratio. The device was measured in the range of temperature 77–300 K to observe the consistency of the MoTe2-based FET in intrinsic and laser-dopped region. In addition, we measured the device as a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) inverter by switching the charge-carrier polarity of the MoTe2 FET. This fabrication process of selective laser doping can potentially be used for larger-scale MoTe2 CMOS circuit applications.
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Rahardja, Untung, Nikita Jova Tejosuwito i Fernanda Setyobudi Armansyah. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PEN+ BERBASIS MOBILE UNTUK MEMUDAHKAN KINERJA DOSEN PADA PERGURUAN TINGGI". Technomedia Journal 1, nr 2 (1.03.2017): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/tmj.v1i2.45.
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Kecanggihan teknologi device yang semakin merambah di dunia pengetahuan dan teknologi membuat pengembangan sistem pemanfaatan baru seperti aplikasi Pen+ berbasis mobile yang dimanfaatkan oleh dosen dalam menginput hasil nilai ujian mahasiswa. Seluruh orang di dunia pasti memiliki handphone. Teknologi yang digunakan pada handphone kini telah menjadi smartphone yang lebih banyak fitur-fitur aplikasi yang canggih menggunakan jaringan internet. Oleh karena itu dengan mengembangkan suatu aplikasi Pen+ berbasis mobile yang dapat di akses secara online untuk dosen bisa melakukan penginputan nilai lebih cepat dan efektif. Aplikasi Pen+ berbasis mobile yang digunakan juga mempermudah pelayanan dengan lebih dahulu login dengan email secara pribadi dan lebih nyaman dibutuhkan kapan saja. Pengembangan aplikasi Pen+ juga melalui perencanaan, desain, dan pengujian. Maka hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu dimana aplikasi Pen+ berbasis mobile dapat di download dengan mudah dan kapan saja untuk memudahkan penilaian secara online.
Kata Kunci : Aplikasi, Pen+, Mobile, Dosen
The sophistication of device technology is increasingly pervasive in the world of knowledge and technology makes the development of new systems such as the utilization of Pen + based mobile application that is used by lecturer in entering the results of student test scores. All the people in the world would have a mobile. The technology used in mobile phones have now become more smartphone features advanced application uses the internet. Therefore, by developing a Pen + based mobile application that can be accessed online to the lecturer can make inputting values more quickly and effectively. Pen + based mobile application that is used also facilitate service with advance login with your email private and more comfortable whenever needed. Pen + application development also through planning, design, and testing. So the results of this analysis, which Pen + based mobile application can be downloaded easily and at any time to facilitate the online assessment.
Keywords : Applications, Pen +, Mobile, Lecturer
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Jamal, Athar, Afia Abdul Wahid, Naffisa Naveed, Hafiz Qamar ul Ghofoor i Tanveer Ahmad. "Review on Synthesis of Electro Chemical Cell by Nano Materials and its uses for Drug Delivery Systems". Trends in Pharmaceuticals and Nanotechnology 4, nr 2 (30.08.2022): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/tpnt.2022.v04i02.002.
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Cancer is very lethal to health and lives around the world chemists are always trying to formulate the advance anticancer drugs with better efficacy for treatment. Side by side, these drugs have adverse effects for monitoring that drugs the electrochemistry helps to device electrochemical cells. The cells can monitor the drugs in the body. Nanomaterials are helpful full in this regard. They improve the drug efficacy and drug delivery systems to protect the body from the adverse effects. In this review paper we described the applications of nanomaterials in sense that they have intensive surface area as compared to macro materials so this have enhanced catalytic properties that enable for great sensing applications.
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Baranov, I. E., I. I. Nikolaev, M. A. Soloviev i S. A. Grigoriev. "Automation and Control of the Electrocatalytic Layers Formation Using a Two-Dimensional Coordinate Spraying Machine". Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 23, nr 5 (6.05.2022): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.23.246-255.
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The paper describes the developed automated device for the formation of electrocatalytic layers used in electrochemical systems, and the issues of development of the sputtering technology, which allows to obtain the best parameters of the formed active layers. The general scheme of the automated device includes a system of automatic positioning of the spraying head according to two coordinates, driven by stepper motors controlled by a personal computer, an ultrasonic mini-disperser, a spraying head, ultrasonic generators for the ultrasonic mini-disperser, and the ultrasonic spraying head. Stepper motors were controlled by microprocessor system based on 8-bit Atmel AT90S2313 single-chip microcontroller and standard buffer microcircuits. The key actuating element of the device and the process is the developed atomizing head with an integrated ultrasonic homogenizer that prevents sedimentation of the catalytic composition. The overall automation circuit designed and reproduced to control all electronic devices was described in detail. It differed by application of Attiny2313 microprocessor for the control, availability of communication with personal computer via RS-485 interface that allowed not only to switch the disperser on/off, but also to control its working frequency directly from the personal computer. It was envisaged both manual control of stepper motor controller via control buttons and control from external personal computer, which had the opportunity to control spraying program step by step. In this case all the sequence of steps is contained in the personal computer memory, it is transmitted to the stepper motor controller step-by-step as the program is being executed. Algorithms for moving the spraying head that provide the best drying of catalytic composition in the process of its application have been developed. The effectiveness of the developed automated device has been shown by comparing it with manual application by a specialist according to such criteria as the rate of application of electrocatalytic layers and their quality. The created device, algorithms of its operation, software and scientific and technological advance, in general, can be used for the formation of various coatings both in electrochemical technologies and in other fields.
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Kushmerick, James G., David L. Allara, Thomas E. Mallouk i Theresa S. Mayer. "Electrical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Molecular Junctions". MRS Bulletin 29, nr 6 (czerwiec 2004): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2004.122.
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AbstractThe design of future molecular electronic devices requires a firm understanding of the conduction mechanisms that determine their electrical characteristics. Progress toward this goal has been hindered by complications in controlling the exact configuration and makeup of fabricated molecular junctions, thus limiting the availability of quantitative experimental data for developing cohesive theories to model and predict molecular transport. This article summarizes recent research aimed at developing well-controlled systems for comparing molecular conduction and vibrational spectra using crossed-wire and in-wire metal–molecule–metal junctions. Systematic variations in molecular structure and metal–molecule contacts show strong quantitative agreement in device properties, while spectroscopic data provide evidence that the properties are due to the molecular junction. Further investigations using these and other molecular junction test beds will provide the needed experimental data to advance fundamental understanding of molecular transport and facilitate future molecular electronics applications.
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Gomes, Tristan da Câmara Santa Clara, Nicolas Marchal, Flavio Abreu Araujo i Luc Piraux. "Flexible Active Peltier Coolers Based on Interconnected Magnetic Nanowire Networks". Nanomaterials 13, nr 11 (25.05.2023): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13111735.
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Thermoelectric energy conversion based on flexible materials has great potential for applications in the fields of low-power heat harvesting and solid-state cooling. Here, we show that three-dimensional networks of interconnected ferromagnetic metal nanowires embedded in a polymer film are effective flexible materials as active Peltier coolers. Thermocouples based on Co-Fe nanowires exhibit much higher power factors and thermal conductivities near room temperature than other existing flexible thermoelectric systems, with a power factor for Co-Fe nanowire-based thermocouples of about 4.7 mW/K2m at room temperature. The effective thermal conductance of our device can be strongly and rapidly increased by active Peltier-induced heat flow, especially for small temperature differences. Our investigation represents a significant advance in the fabrication of lightweight flexible thermoelectric devices, and it offers great potential for the dynamic thermal management of hot spots on complex surfaces.
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Russell, Joseph, i Jeroen H. M. Bergmann. "Real-Time Intent Sensing for Assistive Devices with Implications for Minimising Maintenance". Prosthesis 5, nr 2 (6.05.2023): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis5020031.
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Intent sensing is a growing field within medical device control, with major potential applications for assistive devices, such as prosthetics. As many sensors as possible should be utilised to maximise accuracy. The availability of sensors may change over time due to changing surroundings or activities, sensors failing, and electrode contact being lost. The sensor network should be dynamic and modular in nature, continuing to function even when some sensors are unavailable. The management of sensor unavailability may help to reduce the need for device maintenance, particularly in developing nations with limited availability of these services. An algorithm is proposed to classify intent using networked sensors in real time. Data are gathered using human participants wearing four surface electromyography sensors and performing a pseudo-random sequence of grasps. The relationship between time offset and prediction accuracy is investigated, with the algorithm predicting future intent actions up to half a second in advance. Sensor dropout is simulated by randomly replacing sensor readings with recorded noise. The new algorithm is compared to existing algorithms and shown to be more accurate in situations of sensor dropout, with the difference increasing as more sensors become unavailable. This suggests that when reductions in sensing capabilities are likely to occur over time, the modular method is more appropriate for control.
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Choquette, Kent D. "Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers: Light for the Information Age". MRS Bulletin 27, nr 7 (lipiec 2002): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.168.
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AbstractThe emergence of miniature light sources such as the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is poised to advance the information age. The development of VCSELs has stimulated a wide range of materials research into epitaxial growth and device-fabrication technologies. In this article, current and emerging applications that are guiding the commercial development of VCSELs are first considered, followed by discussions of the VCSEL epitaxial structure and fabrication technologies. This brief overview will also mention recent efforts aimed at achieving long-wavelength VCSELs grown on GaAs substrates, as well as approaches for achieving a high modulation rate.