Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Adult partner aggression”
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1
Sunday, Suzanne, Myriam Kline, Victor Labruna, David Pelcovitz, Suzanne Salzinger i Sandra Kaplan. "The Role of Adolescent Physical Abuse in Adult Intimate Partner Violence". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26, nr 18 (20.05.2011): 3773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260511403760.
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This study’s primary aims were to examine whether a sample of young adults, aged 23 to 31, who had been documented as physically abused by their parent(s) during adolescence would be more likely to aggress, both physically and verbally, against their intimate partners compared with nonabused young adults and whether abuse history was (along with other risk factors) a significant predictor of intimate partner physical and emotional violence perpetration or victimization. In this longitudinal study, 67 abused and 78 nonabused adults (of an original sample of 198 adolescents) completed the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale and the Jealousy and Emotional Control Scales. Nonabused comparison adolescents were matched for age, gender, and community income. As adults, participants with abuse histories had significantly higher rates of intimate partner physical violence and verbal aggression than did comparison participants. Multivariate logistic regressions indicated that adults with histories of physical abuse were more than twice as likely to be physically violent and almost six times more likely to be verbally aggressive to their intimate partners than were comparison participants. Having had an alcohol use disorder, being married to or living with a partner, and perceiving one’s partner as controlling were also significantly associated with physical violence. Jealousy and feeling controlled by one’s partner were also significant predictors of verbal aggression. These findings underscore the importance of preventing adolescent abuse as a means of decreasing the incidence of intimate partner physical violence in adulthood.
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Ndoromo, Owen, Karin Österman i Kaj Björkqvist. "Sex Differences in Perpetration of Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, nr 1 (2.03.2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i1.p93-101.
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The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in perpetration of low intensity intimate partner aggression in South Sudan, to compare levels of perpetration and victimisation, and further to test whether the revised gender symmetry theory (Archer, 2018) could be applicable in an African country. A questionnaire was filled in by 302 females and 118 males in South Sudan, the mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women, and 25.6 years (SD 7.8) for men. Intimate partner aggression was measured with self-reports using both the perpetrator and the victim versions of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales for Adults (DIAS-Adult; Österman - Björkqvist, 2009), which measures seven types of aggressive behavoiurs. The results showed no significant difference between females and males on perpetration of five out of seven types of aggression; physical, verbal and nonverbal aggression, as well as direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation. For females, levels of victimisation and perpetration of aggression were equally high; this was the case for all seven types of aggression while, for males, victimisation was significantly higher than perpetration on three types of aggression. The results provide support for the revised gender symmetry theory in an African developing country.
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Ndoromo, Owen, Karin Österman i Kaj Björkqvist. "Sex Differences in Victimisation from Low Intensity Intimate Partner Aggression in South Sudan". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, nr 2 (10.06.2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i2.p15-23.
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The aim of the study was to investigate sex differences in victimisation from low intensity forms of intimate partner aggression in South Sudan. A questionnaire was filled in by 420 respondents (302 females and 118 males) in two cities in South Sudan. The mean age was 22.5 years (SD 8.4) for women and 25.6 years (SD 7.8). Victimisation from intimate partner aggression was measured with the Victim Version of the Direct Indirect Aggression Scales (DIAS-Adult; Österman - Björkqvist, 2009) which includes six scales measuring verbal and nonverbal aggression, direct and indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, and economic aggression. The results showed that males had been significantly more victimised from physical and verbal aggression than females. A tendency was also found for males to be more victimised from nonverbal aggression and direct aggressive social manipulation. No sex differences were found regarding victimisation from indirect aggressive social manipulation, cyber aggression, or economic aggression. Males had significantly more often been bit, hit, had their belongings damaged, scratched, spit at, and shoved by their female partner. Males had also been significantly more often subjected to quarrels, to being told nasty or hurtful words, and to being yelled at by their female partner. No sex difference was found for being interrupted when talking, been called bad names, or having been angrily nagged at by their partner. For females, age correlated positively with victimisation, while for males, the correlations were mostly negative. As far as more severe forms of violence are concerned, males have generally been found to be more aggressive against their partner than vice versa; the impact of male aggression has also usually been found to be more severe. The fact that males in domestic settings are also victimised by their spouses, although to less severe forms of aggression, has received much less attention.
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Loucks, Laura A., Michelle van Dellen i Anne Shaffer. "Childhood emotional maltreatment and psychological aggression in young adult dating relationships: The moderating role of emotion communication". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, nr 1 (6.09.2017): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517729224.
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This study examines childhood emotional maltreatment as a developmental predictor of psychological aggression perpetration in young adult dating couples, using a dyadic framework to account for individual and partner effects. We further investigate observations of skillful emotion communication (i.e., discussion of emotional experiences, including emotion identification and disclosure) as potential moderator. In a sample of 60 young adult romantic couples, actor–partner interdependence model analyses found significant actor effects of emotional maltreatment on psychological aggression perpetration, but no partner effects. Consistent with hypotheses, observations of higher skillful emotion communication attenuated associations between childhood emotional maltreatment and young adult psychological aggression, but only for female participants. Findings are discussed in the context of implications for prevention and intervention for couples at risk of psychological aggression.
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Fernández-González, Liria, K. Daniel O’Leary i Marina Julia Muñoz-Rivas. "We Are Not Joking". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 28, nr 3 (4.09.2012): 602–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260512455518.
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Underreporting of intimate partner aggression is an important issue in the interpretation of self-reports of such aggression, especially by males. However, both males and females are less likely to report negative behaviors about themselves than about their partners. With 863 adolescents from Madrid, social desirability had a small but significant association with reports of dating aggression, but covariance corrections for social desirability did not alter the conclusions about such aggression. Using uncorrected or corrected means for social desirability, males engage in more sexual aggression against their partners and females engage in more psychological and physical aggression. Maximal dyadic reports based on reports by either self or partner significantly increased the rates of aggression, although conclusions about perpetration and victimization did not differ with this correction. Rates of aggression dropped roughly half when corrected for aggression in a joking context, but more females still reported engaging in physical aggression against their partners. The corrections one wishes to use depend upon the sample under study—i.e., adolescent versus adult populations—and one’s research or clinical question, but the use of social desirability controls seems ill-founded. Finally, there is a need for in-depth interviews with both partners in dating relationships to determine more about the contextual factors associated with dating aggression and to assist in knowing what correction factors seem most valid.
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De Astudillo, Tahirí Rojas. "Approaches to psychic performance and responsibility of Reincidivist victim. Content analysis". Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, nr 2 (15.02.2020): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/065.
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In order to understand the psychic functioning of the recidivist victim, there had been done a content analysis focused on experiences made to whole amount of adult recidivist victims served during August and September of 2017 in the National Service of Forensic Medicine and Sciences Mérida was carried out. Recidivist victim is understood as a person who has been victims of the same crime more than once, denounced or not, by the same aggressor or another. It was found that in 66.7% of cases aggression came from a partner or ex-partner. On the other hand, 100% of the cases refer to verbal violence. When violence came from exercised by the partner or ex-partner, as well as a tendency towards physical aggression related to the aggressor mentioned above. Difficulties in the handling of attachments and limits in recidivist victims are hypothesized. Also it is recommended to make a deeper qualitative research in order to reach an explanatory understanding of the object of study.
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Watkins, Laura E., Rosalita C. Maldonado i David DiLillo. "The Cyber Aggression in Relationships Scale: A New Multidimensional Measure of Technology-Based Intimate Partner Aggression". Assessment 25, nr 5 (2.09.2016): 608–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191116665696.
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The purpose of this study was to develop and provide initial validation for a measure of adult cyber intimate partner aggression (IPA): the Cyber Aggression in Relationships Scale (CARS). Drawing on recent conceptual models of cyber IPA, items from previous research exploring general cyber aggression and cyber IPA were modified and new items were generated for inclusion in the CARS. Two samples of adults 18 years or older were recruited online. We used item factor analysis to test the factor structure, model fit, and invariance of the measure structure across women and men. Results confirmed that three-factor models for both perpetration and victimization demonstrated good model fit, and that, in general, the CARS measures partner cyber aggression similarly for women and men. The CARS also demonstrated validity through significant associations with in-person IPA, trait anger, and jealousy. Findings suggest the CARS is a useful tool for assessing cyber IPA in both research and clinical settings.
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Maneta, Eleni, Shiri Cohen, Marc Schulz i Robert J. Waldinger. "Links Between Childhood Physical Abuse and Intimate Partner Aggression: The Mediating Role of Anger Expression". Violence and Victims 27, nr 3 (2012): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.3.315.
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Research linking childhood physical abuse (CPA) and adult intimate partner aggression (IPA) has focused on individuals without sufficient attention to couple processes. In this study, 109 couples reported on histories of CPA, IPA, and anger expression. Actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine links between CPA and revictimization and perpetration of IPA, with anger suppression as a potential mediator. Women’s CPA histories were associated with more physical aggression towards and more revictimization by partners. Men’s CPA histories were only associated at the trend level with their revictimization. Anger suppression fully mediated the link between women’s CPA and both revictimization and perpetration of IPA. Findings suggest that women with CPA histories are more prone to suppress anger, which leaves them at greater risk for revictimization and perpetration of IPA.
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Lee, Hyun-Soo, Arthur Cantos, Jami Mach i Jennifer Wolff. "Proactive Versus Reactive Perpetrators: Aggression and Intimate Partner Violence". Partner Abuse 9, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.9.2.103.
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The relationship between proactive and reactive aggression could have significant implications for the conceptualization of intimate partner violence. In this study, victim statements found in police reports involving 299 unique adult male perpetrators were coded for proactive or reactive aggression content and analyzed in relation to existing measures of treatment outcomes. Family-only violent perpetrators were hypothesized to be rated as having used reactive aggression, and generally violent perpetrators were expected to have used proactive aggression. It was further predicted that proactive aggression would be more strongly associated with higher recidivism rates and lower intervention completion rates. Perpetrators were coded as 73.8% reactive and 26.2% proactive contrary to the assumptions of some sociocultural models of intimate partner violence, for example, the Duluth model. Chi square analysis was used to assess the relationship between type of aggression and typology. Reactive perpetrators who completed their intervention had significantly lower recidivism rates than reactive perpetrators who did not. Intervention completion was unrelated to recidivism rates for proactive perpetrators. In fact, no statistically significant difference was found between type of aggression and recidivism when controlling for intervention completion. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between type of aggression used, intervention completion, and recidivism with no significant associations found. These findings further clarify the relevance of reactive aggression in intimate partner violence perpetrators due to its relative frequency and potential intervention effects.
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Saint-Eloi Cadely, Hans, Joe F. Pittman, Gregory S. Pettit, Jennifer E. Lansford, John E. Bates, Kenneth A. Dodge i Amy Holtzworth-Munroe. "Temporal Associations Between Psychological and Physical Intimate Partner Violence: A Cross-Lag Analysis". Partner Abuse 11, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.11.1.22.
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The present study examined the relationship between psychological and physical forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) across four waves of data during the developmental period of young adulthood. The links from early psychological aggression to later physical aggression and from early physical aggression to later psychological aggression across waves were tested while controlling for their cross-time stabilities and concurrent associations. IPV data were collected annually from 434 young adult respondents involved in a romantic relationship at least once during the respective years from the ages of 22–25. On average, participants provided IPV data for 3 out of the 4 years covered by the study (M = 2.82; standard deviation [SD] = 1.14). Results of a cross-lagged structural equation model (SEM) model indicated significant cross-time stabilities as well as significant, positive concurrent associations for both forms of aggression. Most important to this study were the findings that, controlling for these stabilities and concurrent associations, early psychological aggression was a consistent positive predictor of later physical aggression across waves whereas the opposite direction from early physical aggression to later psychological aggression was either non-significant or significant and negative.
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Murphy, Christopher M., Shannon-Lee Meyer i K. Daniel O’Leary. "Family of Origin Violence and MCMI-II Psychopathology, Among Partner Assaultive Men". Violence and Victims 8, nr 2 (styczeń 1993): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.8.2.165.
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This study examined associations between family of origin violence, self-reports of psychopathology on the MCMI-II, and current spouse abuse among partner assaultive men. Compared to nonviolent men in discordant (n = 24) and well-adjusted (n = 24) relationships, partner assaultive men (n = 24) were significantly more likely to report childhood histories of physical abuse and physical abuse of the mother in the family of origin. The partner assaultive men also reported significantly higher scores on a variety of MCMI-II personality disorder and Axis I disorder scales. When negative affectivity was controlled, however, batterers differed from contrast groups only on scales assessing antisocial and aggressive characteristics. Within the partner assaultive group, a history of severe childhood abuse was associated with higher scores on a variety of MCMI-II personality disorder and Axis I disorder scales, and higher levels of psychological and physical aggression directed toward the current relationship partner. Abuse of the mother in the family of origin among batterers was associated with higher levels of psychological and physical aggression toward the current partner, but not with self-reported psychopathology. The results support prior descriptions of a batterer subgroup with significant trauma histories, more psychological difficulties, and higher abuse levels than other batterers, suggesting continuities in social and emotional development from childhood maltreatment to adult relationship violence.
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Wright, Michelle F. "Intimate partner aggression and adult attachment insecurity: The mediation of jealousy and anger." Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences 11, nr 2 (2017): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ebs0000097.
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Turner, Lisa A., i Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling. "Attachment, Relationship Beliefs, and Partner-Specific Assertiveness and Psychological Aggression Among College Students". Partner Abuse 2, nr 4 (2011): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.2.4.387.
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Adult attachment is related to several important relationship variables, including physical aggression (e.g., Bookwala & Zdaniuk, 1998; Henderson, Bartholomew, Trinke, & Kwong, 2005) and relationship beliefs (Stackert & Bursik, 2003). In this study, we extended previous findings by examining the specific associations between anxious and avoidant attachment, dysfunctional relationship beliefs, and partner-specific assertiveness and psychological aggressiveness. Results indicated that assertiveness was associated with sex (males reported lower assertiveness) and attachment avoidance (participants high in avoidance reported less assertiveness toward partner). Psychological aggressiveness was related to sex (males reported lower psychological aggressiveness) and attachment (anxious and avoidant attachment were related to more psychological aggressiveness). As predicted, the relation of anxious attachment to psychological aggression was mediated by dysfunctional beliefs. Students with anxious attachment were more likely to believe that disagreements were destructive, which was related to higher rates of perpetrating psychological aggression.
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Smyth, Elizabeth J., Frank L. Gardner, Donald R. Marks i Zella E. Moore. "An Exploration of the Mediators Between Childhood Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence". Violence and Victims 32, nr 4 (2017): 567–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-15-00084.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with numerous long-term consequences and warrants significant clinical attention. Recent theoretical models and empirical research have suggested that several factors play a role in the development of IPV perpetration, including childhood maltreatment, early maladaptive schemas, anger, and difficulties in emotion regulation. This study investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and IPV, specifically examining the mediation of this relationship by several variables thought to be related to this pernicious problem, including early maladaptive schemas, the experience of anger, and emotion regulation difficulties. In a young adult collegiate sample of 110 women in relationships, results of a bootstrapped multiple mediation analysis supported the hypothesis that childhood maltreatment predicted physical aggression within intimate partner relationships and found that the total indirect effect of childhood maltreatment on physical aggression through the 3 proposed mediators was significant. However, consistent with recent empirical findings, only difficulties in emotion regulation significantly mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and physical aggression within the sample.
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Khalifian, Chandra E., Christopher M. Murphy, Robin A. Barry i Bruce Herman. "Skills for Healthy Adult Relationships at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County: Program Development and Preliminary Data". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, nr 12 (9.08.2016): 2551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516662303.
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The present study examines the development and preliminary pilot findings of Skills for Healthy Adult Relationships at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (SHARe@UMBC)—an intimate partner violence prevention program for college students. SHARe@UMBC is based on an integrative cognitive-behavioral model of communication and emotion regulation in close interpersonal relationships. There were four aims of the present study: first, to describe program development; second, to examine program acceptability and participant satisfaction; third, to examine the extent to which participants acquired relationship skills and their level of confidence in using those skills; and fourth, to examine perpetration and victimization of physical, sexual, and psychological aggression. These aims utilized data collected before program initiation, immediately after program completion, and at a follow-up 9 to 15 months after program completion. Findings from two pilot groups (15 students in total; eight women and seven men) indicated high ratings of program acceptability and satisfaction, reductions in negative communication, improvements in confidence using conflict management strategies with romantic partners and peers, and confidence initiating new romantic relationships. In addition, large effect sizes were observed for confidence providing emotional support to a romantic partner and self-disclosure with peers. Participants reported no incidents of physical, sexual, or psychological aggression perpetration or victimization at follow-up. Pilot implementation and initial uncontrolled results are encouraging and provide support for initiating a more extensive controlled investigation of program efficacy.
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Maneta, E. K., M. White i E. Mezzacappa. "Parent-child aggression, adult-partner violence, and child outcomes: A prospective, population-based study". Child Abuse & Neglect 68 (czerwiec 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.03.017.
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Knight, Kelly E., Scott Menard, Sara B. Simmons, Leana A. Bouffard i Rebecca Orsi. "Life Course and Intergenerational Continuity of Intimate Partner Aggression and Physical Injury: A 20-Year Study". Violence and Victims 31, nr 3 (2016): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00188.
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The objective of this study is to examine continuity of intimate partner aggression (IPA), which is defined as repeated annual involvement in IPA, across respondents’ life course and into the next generation, where it may emerge among adult children. A national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample of 1,401 individuals and their adult children is analyzed. Annual data on IPA severity and physical injury were collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study across a 20-year period from 1984 to 2004. Three hypotheses and biological sex differences are tested and effect sizes are estimated. First, findings reveal evidence for life course continuity (IPA is a strong predictor of subsequent IPA), but the overall trend decreases over time. Second, intergenerational continuity is documented (parents’ IPA predicts adult children’s IPA), but the effect is stronger for female than for male adult children. Third, results from combined and separate, more restrictive, measures of victimization and perpetration are nearly identical except in the intergenerational analyses. Fourth, evidence for continuity is not found when assessing physical injury alone. Together, these findings imply that some but not all forms of IPA are common, continuous, and intergenerational. Life course continuity appears stronger than intergenerational continuity.
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Youn, Cherry, Jocelyn I. Meza i Stephen P. Hinshaw. "Childhood Social Functioning and Young Adult Intimate Partner Violence in Girls With and Without ADHD: Response Inhibition as a Moderator". Journal of Attention Disorders 23, nr 12 (4.06.2018): 1486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718778119.
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Objective: Examine the moderating effects of response inhibition on the longitudinal association between social preference/relational aggression measured in childhood, and intimate partner violence (IPV) measured in young adulthood, among women with ( n = 140) and without ( n = 88) histories of childhood ADHD. Method: During childhood, social preference was measured through confidential peer sociometric nominations, yielding negative and positive peer regard; relational aggression was assessed via staff behavioral observations; and response inhibition was assessed using commission errors from the continuous performance task. During young adulthood, IPV was ascertained via a clinician-administered, semistructured interview. Results: Social preference and relational aggression independently predicted IPV; this prospective link was moderated by response inhibition. Conclusion: In combination with low social preference or high relational aggression in childhood, poor response inhibition predicted the highest levels of young-adult IPV. Given the developmental significance of peer relationships, additional research on the causes of and treatments for poor social functioning in ADHD is warranted.
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Poulsen, Angelika. "The Role of Corporal Punishment of Children in the Perpetuation of Intimate Partner Violence in Australia". Children Australia 43, nr 1 (30.01.2018): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.6.
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Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been widely acknowledged as a prominent problem throughout Australia. A growing body of research has linked corporal punishment of children in the home with numerous adverse outcomes both in childhood and adulthood. Some of these adverse outcomes in childhood, such as aggression and antisocial behaviour, may be antecedents for involvement in violence as an adult. Adverse longitudinal outcomes of corporal punishment in childhood include involvement in intimate partner violence as an adult, both as victim and as perpetrator. Corporal punishment is a type of family violence that is legal in Australia, yet its role in the family violence scenario is not yet fully appreciated. This article presents extant scientific literature on the link between corporal punishment in childhood and involvement in intimate partner violence in adulthood, and argues for the employment of this knowledge in the implementation of policy making around corporal punishment of children.
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Siegel, Jane A. "Aggressive Behavior Among Women Sexually Abused as Children". Violence and Victims 15, nr 3 (styczeń 2000): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.15.3.235.
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Although research shows that sexually abused children appear to be at risk of subsequent aggressive behavior, few investigations address whether such behavior persists beyond childhood. This research describes the self-reported adolescent and adult fighting behavior of 136 women sexually abused as children and examines the role of intervening variables in the risk of such behavior. The women are part of a longitudinal study of 206 primarily low-income, urban women whose abuse was documented at the time it occurred. Fighting was common, particularly during adolescence. Adult aggression was strongly associated with being a victim of violence by an intimate partner. A history of exposure to other forms of violence significantly increased the risk of fighting while strong maternal attachments mitigated the risk, primarily by reducing the likelihood of involvement in an abusive intimate relationship.
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Herrenkohl, Todd I., W. Alex Mason, Rick Kosterman, Liliana J. Lengua, J. David Hawkins i Robert D. Abbott. "Pathways From Physical Childhood Abuse to Partner Violence in Young Adulthood". Violence and Victims 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 2004): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.123.64099.
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Analyses investigated several competing hypotheses about developmental pathways from childhood physical abuse and early aggression to intimate partner violence (IPV) for young adult males and females at age 24. Potential intervening variables included: adolescent violence (age 15 to 18), negative emotionality at age 21, and quality of one’s relationship with an intimate partner at age 24. At the bivariate level, nearly all variables were associated in the expected directions. However, tests of possible intervening variables revealed only a few significant results. For males, a strong direct effect of abuse on later partner violence was maintained in each model. For females, the quality of one’s relationship with an intimate partner did appear to mediate the effect of childhood abuse on later violence to a partner, raising the possibility of gender differences in developmental pathways linking abuse to IPV. Implications with regard to prevention are discussed.
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Palazzolo, Kellie E., Anthony J. Roberto i Elizabeth A. Babin. "The Relationship Between Parents' Verbal Aggression and Young Adult Children's Intimate Partner Violence Victimization and Perpetration". Health Communication 25, nr 4 (28.05.2010): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410231003775180.
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Allen, Joseph P., Emily L. Loeb, Joseph S. Tan, Rachel K. Narr i Bert N. Uchino. "The body remembers: Adolescent conflict struggles predict adult interleukin-6 levels". Development and Psychopathology 30, nr 4 (7.12.2017): 1435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001754.
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AbstractStruggles managing conflict and hostility in adolescent social relationships were examined as long-term predictors of immune-mediated inflammation in adulthood that has been linked to long-term health outcomes. Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a marker of immune system dysfunction when chronically elevated, were assessed at age 28 in a community sample of 127 individuals followed via multiple methods and reporters from ages 13 to 28. Adult serum IL-6 levels were predicted across periods as long as 15 years by adolescents’ inability to defuse peer aggression and poor peer-rated conflict resolution skills, and by independently observed romantic partner hostility in late adolescence. Adult relationship difficulties also predicted higher IL-6 levels but did not mediate predictions from adolescent-era conflict struggles. Predictions were also not mediated by adult trait hostility or aggressive behavior, suggesting the unique role of struggles with conflict and hostility from others during adolescence. The implications for understanding the import of adolescent peer relationships for life span physical health outcomes are considered.
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Demirci, Onur Okan, Kahraman Güler i Gülesin Köşşekoğlu. "Comparatıve Examınatıon of Romantıc Jeaolusy and Aggressıon Levels of Adult Indıvıduals wıth and wıthout Chıldhood Trauma". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, nr 2 (26.02.2022): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162810.
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Childhood traumas are defined as the negative effects of sexual, emotional, physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect on the psychology and development of the individual under the age of 18. Romantic jealousy is defined as the individual's suspicion between his partner and a real or unusual person or as the individual's reaction to a threat to the romantic relationship. Aggression is defined as a harmful behavior. While the concept of aggression, in which the behavior is at the forefront, is expressed as an attitude that harms other people, in the definitions where the intention is at the forefront, it is defined as the attitudes and actions taken with the aim of hurting. In this study, it is aimed to comparatively examine the romantic jealousy and aggression levels of adult individuals with and without childhood traumas. This study was prepared in accordance with the correlational survey model. The sample selection of the study was made using simple-random sample selection type. The sample group of the study consists of 400 adult individuals in Istanbul. Participants were selected simple-randomly. The data collection process of the research took place in 2021. According to the findings obtained from the research, individuals with childhood trauma score higher in physical, emotional, cognitive, speaking, reprimand, dependency, indefference, positive effects, negative effects, sense of inadequacy, fear of loss, disruptive, assertiveness and passiveness sub-dimensions compared to individuals without childhood trauma. This situation reveals that individuals with childhood trauma have higher levels of romantic jealousy and aggression. Keywords: Childhood traumas, romantic jealousy, aggression, jealousy
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Colins, Olivier F., Henrik Andershed i Dustin A. Pardini. "Psychopathic traits as predictors of future criminality, intimate partner aggression, and substance use in young adult men." Law and Human Behavior 39, nr 6 (2015): 547–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000148.
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Taylor, Bruce G., Elizabeth A. Mumford, Weiwei Liu, Mark Berg i Maria Bohri. "Young Adult Reports of the Victim–Offender Overlap in Intimate and Nonintimate Relationships: A Nationally Representative Sample". Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, nr 3 (8.11.2018): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818810322.
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Little is known about the role of conflict management in explaining the victim–offender overlap. This article assesses the victim–offender overlap for adults (18-32) in intimate and nonintimate relationships, covering their relationship with their partner and with friends and acquaintances/strangers. Controlling for conceptually important variables, we explore whether different conflict management styles are associated with a respondent being in the victim-only, offender-only, both, or neither group (separately for verbal aggression, physical abuse for intimate and nonintimate relationships, and sexual abuse for intimate relationships). Data are from a nationally representative panel of U.S. households ( N = 2,284 respondents of whom 871 women and 690 men report being in an intimate partnership). We observed a high degree of overlap between victimization and offending across our abuse measures. We found a range of modestly consistent set of risk factors, for example, conflict management styles and self-control, for the victim–offender overlap for partner and nonpartner abuse experiences.
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Stewart, Lynn A., Natalie Gabora, Nicole Allegri i Maria Claire Slavin-Stewart. "Profile of Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence in an Offender Population: Implications for Treatment". Partner Abuse 5, nr 2 (2014): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.5.2.168.
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Despite evidence that the incidence of female-to-male intimate partner violence (IPV) in the general population is as high as that of male-to-female intimate violence, until recently little attention has been devoted to understanding women perpetrators of partner violence or to the design of programs to address their violence. This study explored the characteristics of female perpetrators of IPV in an offender population and examined the context, consequences, and motives for their aggression. There were 897 women serving a federal sentence in the Correctional Service of Canada at the time of data extraction, of whom 15% (n = 135) had a history of IPV. Results indicated that these offenders were most often classified as moderate criminal risk and high criminogenic need. Most had been victims of severe abuse during their youth and in adult relationships. Women’s motives for violence were diverse. Although most women had a history of mutual violence with their partners, 64% were the primary perpetrators in at least 1 incident. Violence in self-defense or in defense of their children were the least frequently coded categories. Similar to a comparison group of male offenders, the Spousal Assault Risk Assessment tool indicated that the most common risk factors associated with women’s IPV included past physical assault against intimate partners, substance abuse, and employment problems. These findings reinforce the need for a correctional programming targeting the diverse circumstances and motivations of women who are violent against their partners.
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Schwab-Reese, Laura M., Edith A. Parker i Corinne Peek-Asa. "The Interaction of Dopamine Genes and Financial Stressors to Predict Adulthood Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 5-6 (9.03.2017): 1251–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696841.
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Three dopamine genes (DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4) have been associated with interpersonal delinquency, aggression, and violence when individuals experience adverse environmental exposures. Guided by the catalyst model of aggression, risk alleles identified in previous studies were hypothesized to be associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the presence of financial stressors, a possible environmental trigger. This hypothesis was tested using weighted, clustered logistic regression with data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The direct effects DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4 on IPV perpetration, and the interaction of DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4 and financial stressors on IPV perpetration were assessed. Due to cell size, only White men and women were included in this analysis. Increasing number of financial stressors was associated with increased odds of IPV perpetration, regardless of DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4 alleles. As predicted, increasing number of financial stressors was more strongly associated with IPV perpetration among individuals with high-risk DAT1 alleles, than individuals with low-risk alleles. However, this relationship was inverted for DRD2. Although there was still a significant interaction between DRD2 and financial stressors, individuals with low-risk alleles had higher odds of IPV perpetration in the presence of financial stressors. A similar, nonsignificant relationship was found for DRD4. These findings indicate that these genes may interact differently with environmental exposures and types of violent behavior. In addition, the findings may, if replicated, suggest dopamine plays a different role in IPV perpetration compared with other forms of aggression and violence.
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Downing, Steven. "They’re Not Mean Girls If They Are Adult Women: Reality Television’s Construction of Women’s Identity and Interpersonal Aggression". Sociological Research Online 23, nr 1 (25.10.2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780417735781.
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Drawing on a first-hand account from co-author and participant in a recent season of a popular romance-based reality TV show, this study considers how such shows construct and reinforce stereotypes about women’s relational dynamics with men and other women. It is argued that through careful production and gender scripting, these typologies are situated within a hierarchy of women’s relational interaction that normalizes aggression and bullying among adult women, reframing the ‘mean girl’ from an undesirable role to one that is portrayed as a normal and empowering role for adult women, especially in service of the pursuit of a male partner. The implications of this transformation extend to other women who are portrayed as ‘the other’ and as a result often subordinately positioned in the relational hierarchy reflected on the show. Implications for future research on gender scripts in popular media, the social construction of women’s relational dynamics, and manifestations of covert and overt bullying in these dynamics are discussed.
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Jäger, Heidi Y., Chang S. Han i Niels J. Dingemanse. "Social experiences shape behavioral individuality and within-individual stability". Behavioral Ecology 30, nr 4 (2.04.2019): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz042.
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Abstract Individual repeatability characterizes many behaviors. Repeatable behavior may result from repeated social interactions among familiar group members, owing to adaptive social niche specialization. In the context of aggression, in species like field crickets, social niche specialization should also occur when individuals repeatedly interact with unfamiliar individuals. This would require the outcome of social interactions to have carry-over effects on fighting ability and aggressiveness in subsequent interactions, leading to long-term among-individual differentiation. To test this hypothesis, we randomly assigned freshly emerged adult males of the southern field cricket Gryllus bimaculatus to either a solitary or social treatment. In social treatment, males interacted with a same-sex partner but experienced a new partner every 3 days. After 3 weeks of treatment, we repeatedly subjected treated males to dyadic interactions to measure aggression. During this time, we also continuously measured the 3-daily rate of carbohydrate and protein consumption. Individual differentiation was considerably higher among males reared in the social versus solitary environment for aggressiveness but not for nutrient intake. Simultaneously, social experience led to lower within-individual stability (i.e., increased within-individual variance) in carbohydrate intake. Past social experiences, thus, shaped both behavioral individuality and stability. While previous research has emphasized behavioral individuality resulting from repeated interactions among familiar individuals, our study implies that behavioral individuality, in the context of aggression, may generally result from social interactions, whether with familiar or unfamiliar individuals. Our findings thus imply that social interactions may have a stronger effect on individual differentiation than previously appreciated.
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Yan, Elsie, i Ko Ling Chan. "Prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence among older Chinese couples in Hong Kong". International Psychogeriatrics 24, nr 9 (27.03.2012): 1437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212000294.
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ABSTRACTBackground: This study examined the prevalence and risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) among Chinese older couples in Hong Kong.Methods: A population representative sample was surveyed.Results: The prevalence of IPV in older adults was found to be quite high in the present study, with a lifetime prevalence ranging from 1.4% to 53.6%, and a past year prevalence ranging from 0.4% to 36.1% for various forms of aggression. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that older persons who were younger among this “older” group, who were not employed, who had a substance abuse problem, who had witnessed parental violence during their childhood, who had a criminal history, who had a low level of assertiveness, who had an anger management problem, who experienced a low level of social support and/or experienced stressful conditions, were all more likely to fall victims of IPV.Conclusion: It is suggested that IPV in older couples is a complex phenomenon that is closely intertwined with other forms of domestic violence, including spousal violence, child abuse, in-law conflicts, and elderly adult abuse. Thus, before we have more definitive and concrete evidence that IPV in older couples should definitively come under the category of elder abuse or IPV, it is advisable to treat it under its own separate category of family violence.
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Alfaro Quezada, Jose, Zahid Mustafa, Xiaofei Zhang, Bishoy Zakhary, Matthew Firek, Raul Coimbra i Megan Brenner. "A Nationwide Study of Intimate Partner Violence". American Surgeon 86, nr 10 (październik 2020): 1230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003134820964191.
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Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to physical or sexual violence, stalking, and psychological aggression by an intimate partner. The present study aims to examine the incidence, injury patterns, and outcomes using a representative nationwide data set. Study Design The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database was queried from 2010 to 2014 to identify IPV in adult patients by injury code E967.3. Demographics, diagnoses, and injury mechanisms were captured. Primary outcome was mortality, and logistic regression analyses were used to compare the baselines and outcomes. Results 132 806 IPV emergency visits were identified, with 5.1% of patients requiring hospitalization. Most patients were female (92.6%). The most common injury mechanisms were unintentional injury (36%) and striking (22.0%). Contusions of face/scalp/neck (13.2%) and unspecified head injury (6.9%) were the most common diagnoses. Males were significantly older [median and interquartile range of 39 (30, 50)] than females [33 (26, 43)], and were more frequently hospitalized (6.7% vs. 5.0%, P = .002) with more injuries with injury severity score ≥ 15 (.7% vs. .4%, P = .004) than females. Overall, IPV-related mortality was .06%, .26% in males and .05% in females ( P = .003). Older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.053) and male gender (OR = 3.102) were significantly associated with mortality. The annual incidence rate decreased from 9.7 in 2010 to 8.2/100 000 US population in 2014 ( R2 = .659). Conclusions Young women are more likely to be victims of IPV, whereas men are more likely to be older and hospitalized with more severe injuries and worse outcomes.
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Sutton, Tara E., Leslie Gordon Simons, K. A. S. Wickrama i Ted Futris. "The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence: Examining the Mediating Roles of Insecure Attachment and Destructive Disagreement Beliefs". Violence and Victims 29, nr 4 (2014): 670–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00007.
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Intimate partner violence has been recognized as a major problem on college campuses and is a source of concern for researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and the general population. Most research has focused on the intergenerational transmission of violence and identifying the intrapersonal mechanisms that enable violence in the family of origin to carry over to adult intimate relationships. This study expands the current literature by examining insecure attachment styles and destructive disagreement beliefs as mediators in the relationship between exposure to hostility or aggression in the family of origin and later experiences of dating aggression. Research questions were addressed with a sample of 1,136 college undergraduates (59% women). In all models, results of structural equation modeling indicated that an insecure attachment style and destructive disagreement beliefs mediated the intergenerational transmission of violence among both men and women. These findings have important implications for future research as well as relationship education programs and preventative interventions.
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Ross, Victoria, Kairi Kõlves i Diego De Leo. "Beyond psychopathology: A case–control psychological autopsy study of young adult males". International Journal of Social Psychiatry 63, nr 2 (23.01.2017): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764016688041.
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Background: As young Australian males are at a high risk of suicide, the identification of risk factors other than psychopathology is vital for the development of comprehensive suicide prevention measures. Aims: The study investigated whether there were differences in risk factors and pathways to suicide in young adult males from Queensland, Australia, with and without a diagnosable psychiatric disorder. Methods: A case–control, psychological autopsy method was applied using a control group of young males who had died suddenly from causes other than suicide. Results: Suicide cases without a psychiatric diagnosis more frequently displayed behaviours indicative of their suicidality (such as previous attempts, disposing of possessions and making statements of hopelessness) than controls without a diagnosis. Suicides without a diagnosis also displayed more ‘difficult’ personality traits, such as higher levels of neuroticism and aggression. They also experienced poorer quality of life and were significantly more likely than their controls to have experienced a recent separation from a spouse or partner. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the existence of several distinct characteristics of young males who die by suicide in the absence of any diagnosable psychiatric disorder.
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Vasconcelos, Nádia Machado de, Fabiana Martins Dias de Andrade, Crizian Saar Gomes, Regina Tomie Ivata Bernal i Deborah Carvalho Malta. "Physical violence against women by an intimate partner: analysis of VIVA Survey 2017". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, nr 10 (październik 2022): 3993–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222710.08162022en.
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Abstract This article aims to characterize physical violence by an intimate partner suffered by adult women treated in public urgency and emergency services in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the VIVA Survey 2017. The proportions and 95% confidence intervals of the characteristics of the victim, violence, and perpetrator were calculated. The associations of characteristics were identified through Simple Correspondence Analysis (SCA). More than half of the assisted women self-declared their race/skin color to be black (70.2%) and were the victim of a male perpetrator (96.3%). Most violence occurred at home (71.1%) through physical force (74.1%). In the SCA, an association was found among the variables of age group, between 40 and 59 years; level of education, up to 08 years of study; alcohol consumption by the victim; and violence by weapons (Profile 2). An association was also found among the variables of age group, between 18 and 24 years; black race/skin color; lack of paid work; aggression on public places; and more serious injuries (Profile 4). There are different intimate partner violence (IPV) profiles for women in different contexts. Confronting IPV requires Public Policies that consider these differences in the construction of actions that focus on women and perpetrators of violence.
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Reinhardt, Viktor, Catherine Reinhardt i Annie Reinhardt. "Evaluating Sex Differences in Aggressiveness in Cattle, Bison and Rhesus Monkeys". Behaviour 102, nr 1-2 (1987): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853986x00045.
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AbstractThe assumption has often been made that aggressiveness is predominantly a masculine characteristic (e.g. COLLIAS, 1944; MOYER, 1974; SCOTT, 1975; BOUISSOU, 1983a, b). Many investigators simply accept the idea that males are more aggressive than females. Based on generally applicable operational terms, the validity of the "notion of universal male aggressiveness" (JOHNSON, 1972) has been tested in three different mammalian species. The study was done under nonexperimental conditions by scoring partner-directed aggressions (potentially injurious actions) among members of three undisturbed, heterogeneous groups of Bos taurus, Bison bison and Macaca mulatta. The expression of aggression was regulated by the number of subordinate partners (animals who, without being the target of aggression, consistently withdrew), with high-ranking individuals having more opportunities to display aggressions than low-ranking individuals. Hence, it was self-evident that, whenever the two sexes differed in dominance status (number of subordinates), they also differed in terms of aggression rate (total number of aggressions shown per unit time). The average number of aggressions directed by dominant animals against individual subordinate partners (aggression index: REINHARDT & REINHARDT, 1975) did not exhibit a significant sex difference in any of the three species studied (Bos taurus: xf= 1.8 vs xm = 1.8; Bison bison: xf= 6.9 vs xm = 6.6 ; Macaca mulatta: xf= 4.1 vs xm = 2.9). This was not only true in general but was also consistently confirmed when comparing the sexes within different age classes (adults and juveniles). From this it was inferred that the two sexes were equally aggressive in the general day-to-day situation of dominance reinforcement in all three species. The data thus did not support the general belief that mammalian males are more aggressive than females.
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Shortt, Joann Wu, Deborah M. Capaldi, Hyoun K. Kim i Heidemarie K. Laurent. "The Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Relationship Satisfaction Over Time for Young At-Risk Couples: The Moderating Role of Observed Negative and Positive Affect". Partner Abuse 1, nr 2 (kwiecień 2010): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.1.2.131.
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In the current study, the moderating effects of observed negative and positive affects on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV, physical aggression) and relationship satisfaction were examined over a 5-year period. Multiwave data were obtained from a sample of young adult men at risk for delinquency and their women partners (n = 121 couples; ages 21–26 years). The trajectory of each partner’s relationship satisfaction and the effects of dyadic IPV and affect were tested using HLM analyses and a two-level (within-couple and between-couple) dyadic growth model. Average levels of dyadic positive affect were associated with relationship satisfaction for both men and women. For men, increases in couples’ positive affect over time were linked to increases in relationship satisfaction, and increases in couples’ externalizing negative affect were linked to decreases in satisfaction. For women, higher levels of couples’ IPV predicted lower levels of satisfaction. Couples’ internalizing negative affect amplified the effects of IPV on satisfaction over time. Increases in IPV were associated with declines in satisfaction for couples with high levels of internalizing negative affect. Conversely, average levels of externalizing negative affect did not amplify the association between IPV and relationship satisfaction. In fact, the adverse influence of IPV on relationship satisfaction was greater for couples who displayed low levels of externalizing negative affect. Because of the inverse association between externalizing negative affect and relationship satisfaction, these findings were interpreted to suggest that the salience of IPV was greater in couples whose relationship satisfaction was not already impaired by high levels of negative affect.
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Kuester, Jutta, Andreas Paul i Signe Preuschoft. "Dominance Styles of Female and Male Barbary Macaques (Macaca Sylvanus)". Behaviour 135, nr 6 (1998): 731–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853998792640477.
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AbstractDominance styles can be understood as consequences of different competition regimes imposed by socio-ecological conditions. As vital resources differ for males and females of the same species, one might expect different competitive tactics, hence differential dominance styles in both sexes. This was investigated on the basis of dyadic competition over a food resource (peanut) or mating partner (estrous female) in the semifree ranging colony of Barbary macaques at 'Affenberg Salem'. Both, females and males competed over nuts. The dominant typically won the nut by eliciting the retreat of the subordinate with a ritualised assertive signal, the 'rounded-mouth threat face'. The competitive style in adult male dyads (AM-AM) differed from that of all other age-sex class combinations, including adult versus subadult males, and did not change with the kind of incentive: Use of threat faces and retreat was replaced by ignoring, tension, or recruitment behaviour, and in 115of AM-AM dyads at least one nut was taken by a third party. In the few cases where a male did perform a threat face his rival responded by counter aggression, recruitment or appeasement/affiliation, or by taking the nut nevertheless. It is concluded that (1) dominance relations among adult females are stricter than those between males, indicating different dominance styles for the two sexes; (2) the 'egalitarian' competitive style of adult males was compatible with an absence of formalisation of dominance-subordination relations and did not indicate an absence of competition among them; (3) Adult males behaved as dominance oriented as females if the risk of injury was small (as in AM-SM dyads). The 'egalitarian' behaviour in AM-AM dyads is best understood as the result of a stalemate where the risks of escalation are high relative to the value of the resource. In sum, the results suggest that variance in power asymmetries and differential cost-benefit ratios of escalated competition may produce different dominance styles even within the same species.
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Saldaña Sánchez, Amor Aline, Filippo Aureli, Laura Busia i Colleen M. Schaffner. "Who’s there? Third parties affect social interactions between spider monkey males". Behaviour 157, nr 8-9 (8.09.2020): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10021.
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Abstract Spider monkeys provide an intriguing opportunity to examine behavioural flexibility in relation to their social environment given their high degree of fission–fusion dynamics and the nature of male–male relationships. These characteristics allow us to examine how flexibility in social interactions is modulated by the perception of risk and uncertainty related to other group members. We investigated whether male–male interactions vary according to partner identity and presence of third parties in wild Geoffroy’s spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi). We used proportion of approaches followed by an embrace, an indicator of risk and uncertainty, or by grooming, an affiliative behaviour. To confirm the monkeys’ perception of risk or uncertainty we used aggression rates and time spent vigilant. We collected data on eight adult spider monkey males: three of them belonged to one clique and the other five to another clique based on distinct patterns of residence. We found higher proportions of approaches followed by embraces and lower proportions of approaches followed by grooming between males of different cliques than between males of the same clique. In addition, we found higher aggression rates between males from different cliques. The proportions of approaches followed by embraces in the five-male clique were higher when the three-male clique was no longer in the group. The five males were more vigilant when the other three males were present in the group, indicating the monkeys perceived higher risk or uncertainty under these circumstances. We found lower proportions of approaches followed by grooming between two males when there was at least one other male in the subgroup than when there were only the two males. Our results provide evidence for behavioural flexibility in the interactions between spider monkey males as an example of how animals can cope with social challenges by adjusting their behaviour.
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Timmons Fritz, Patti A., Jessica Clark-Crumpton, Samantha Daskaluk i Leyco Wilson. "Electronic Partner Aggression Victimization: Its Frequency and Relation to Offline Partner Aggression and Psychological Functioning". Partner Abuse 9, nr 4 (październik 2018): 421–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.9.4.421.
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We investigated the frequency and types of electronic partner aggression (EPA) victimization and its relation to offline partner aggression (PA) and psychological functioning. The sample was comprised of 200 predominantly White (73.5%) Canadian university students (83.5% women; 18–23 years of age) with dating experience. EPA occurred in 67.5% (verbal) to 86.5% (coercive control) of the sample. EPA and offline PA victimization were positively associated (ps < .05) and frequently co-occurred. Higher levels of PA were generally associated with higher levels of internalizing, externalizing, and total problems, with offline sexual aggression and coercive control EPA subtypes being most predictive of poor psychological functioning (ps < .05). Findings indicate that many emerging adults use communication technology to aggress against their romantic partners, that such aggression appears to be part of a larger pattern of PA and is most deleterious when coercive control is present, and that assessment of and prevention and intervention initiatives for PA need to consider both electronic and offline aggression.
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Busby, Dean M., Thomas B. Holman i Eric Walker. "Pathways to Relationship Aggression Between Adult Partners*". Family Relations 57, nr 1 (2.01.2008): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2007.00484.x.
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Kelly, Ryan J., i Erika J. Bagley. "Dating Aggression and Sleep Problems in Emerging Adulthood". Emerging Adulthood 5, nr 1 (21.06.2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696816644368.
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Using a multimethod approach, we examined relations between dating aggression and sleep in emerging adulthood. Participants were 108 dating couples from diverse ethnic and educational backgrounds (49% were cohabiting). Women and men self-reported on the frequency to which they perpetrated psychological and physical aggression toward their partners. Actigraphs were worn for seven consecutive nights and measured sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and long wake episodes. Participants also self-reported on their cognitive and somatic presleep arousal. After controlling for many covariates, actor–partner interdependence models revealed that women and men who perpetrated higher levels of aggression were at greater risk for disruption in many actigraphy and self-reported sleep domains. Partner effects also emerged and indicated that an individual’s perpetration of aggression related to greater disruption in their partner’s sleep. Findings build on this scant literature and demonstrate relations between a prevalent social stressor and a fundamental facet of emerging adults’ health.
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Policastro, Christina, i Mary A. Finn. "Coercive Control and Physical Violence in Older Adults". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, nr 3 (10.07.2016): 311–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515585545.
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The most common perpetrators of physical violence against women of any age are their intimate partners. Although research on younger adults has recognized that intimate partner violence (IPV) is distinct in etiology, form, and consequence, whether the same is true for older adults has not been adequately studied. The extent and consequences of coercive controlling violence, IPV that involves physical violence coupled with psychological aggression and/or financial abuse, have not been examined in older populations. Using data from the National Elder Mistreatment Study, the current research examines if coercive control is more evident in physical violent victimizations of older adults (age 60 or older) when the perpetrator is an intimate partner compared with when the perpetrator is not an intimate partner. Findings indicate that older adults who experience emotional coercive control by intimate partners in their lifetime are more likely to experience physical abuse at age 60 or older. Furthermore, older adults who experienced trauma during their lifetime, were in poor health, and with less social support are more likely to experience physical abuse at age 60 or older. However, the victim’s sex had no significant influence on the likelihood of experiencing physical abuse.
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Colmenares, Fernando. "Greeting Behaviour in Male Baboons, I: Communication, Reciprocity and Symmetry". Behaviour 113, nr 1-2 (1990): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00446.
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AbstractMatrilineal structures are typical of many species of Old World monkeys including the savanna baboon. Both isosexual dyads of females and heterosexual dyads frequently reach the stage of greatest social compatibility, i.e. grooming. Male dyads, in contrast, very rarely reach such stage, they show instead marked mutual intolerance and overt aggressive competition. Grooming and other forms of physical contact are fairly frequent between adult males in the patrilineal society of chimpanzees. In the hamadryas baboon, also with patrilineal organization, adult males do not groom with each other but they frequently exchange greeting interactions, particularly in contexts of excitement provoked by social tension. Species-specific differences (savanna versus desert baboons) in the morphology of greeting interactions have also been reported. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and function of this category of non-agonistic interactions recorded over a period of 9 years between 20 males members of a well-established colony of baboons, Papio hamadryas, P. cynocephaus and their hybrids, housed in a large, open enclosure in the Madrid Zoo. Greetings were conceptualized as interactions, i.e. in which each participant's action is examined in relation to that of the other interacting partner. A description and qualitative analysis were provided of the morphology (i.e. facial, vocal, manipulatory and contact, postural and orientation, and locomotory patterns) and properties (i.e. reciprocity/non-reciprocity, and symmetry/asymmetry) of greeting interactions. The most significant feature of greeting interactions was the three-stage pattern of performance observed, corresponding with the phases of approximation, proximity, and retreat. In each phase, characteristic behavioural patterns were displayed, some were quite stereotyped but others seemed to be rather influenced by the identity of, and social relationship of, the interacting males, and also by the immediate social context of the interaction. A quantitative analysis of 1583 greeting interactions and 1039 aggressive episodes between the 20 study males was then carried out. Individual males were assigned to one of the following classes of reproductive status: subadult (SA), follower (FW), new leader (NL), prime leader (PL), old leader (OL), and old follower (OFW). It was found a correlation between a male's status class and the frequency with which he played several different roles in greeting and aggressive interactions. Greeting interactions were typical of mature males (FWs, NLs, PLs, OLs, and OFWs), but very especially of reproductive males (NLs, PLs, and OLs). Their rate of participation (both as initiator and recipient) was positively related both to the size of their harem (e.g. prime leaders) and to the potentiality to increase the harem size by taking over new females (e.g. prime and new leaders). Males at its prime reproductive period (i.e. PLs) showed the highest rates of involvement in symmetrical greetings, and the males who were reaching that stage (i.e. NLs) were the ones who most frequently refused to reciprocate a greeting approach. As males approached the stages of higher reproductive potential their rates of symmetrical, i.e. non-contact and notifying, greetings increased. In contrast, the contact patterns observed during asymmetrical greetings were mostly displayed in interactions in which at least one of the participants was either an immature or a young nonreproductive (i.e. follower) male. Reproductive males, i.e. prime and new leaders, were the most frequent initiators and recipients of both greeting and aggression. Examination of the morphology of greeting interactions, particularly of the symmetrical and unreciprocated greetings, i.e. the approach/retreat non-contact pattern, that were typical of prime and new leader males, and of the contexts in which both aggression and many greeting episodes took place, i.e. agonistic conflicts and competition over resources, suggested that these two categories of behaviour might share some causal factors and that they might be regarded as two alternative strategies to deal with a similar problem, namely, the resolution of conflicts. In many cases, greeting may be regarded as a quasi-aggressive behaviour aimed at testing a potential or actual rival's tendencies in a competition situation rather than as a category of affiliative or friendly behaviour. Greeting in baboons is a nice example of a non-stereotyped behaviour in a higher animal, in which relational and interactional properties can be studied, and in which, as discussed in the paper, all the traditional ethological issues of causation, development, function, and evolution can be addressed.
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Schmitt, Sabine, Katy Robjant, Thomas Elbert, Samuel Carleial, Anke Hoeffler, Amani Chibashimba, Harald Hinkel i Anke Koebach. "Breaking the cycles of violence with narrative exposure: Development and feasibility of NETfacts, a community-based intervention for populations living under continuous threat". PLOS ONE 17, nr 12 (19.12.2022): e0275421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275421.
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Background Interpersonal violence damages mental health and frequently leads to aggressive defence strategies. If survivors are subsequently blamed for the events, both consequences worsen. Stigma flourishes, especially when survivors are silenced so that details of the trauma remain unknown. Breaking the secrecy both at the individual and collective level is key to enable the healing and reconciliation of individuals and communities living under continuous threat. Method The NETfacts health system is a stepped care model with three components: (1) Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET), an evidence-based trauma therapy that includes survivor testimony (2) NET for Forensic Offender Rehabilitation (FORNET) acknowledges that perpetrators are frequently also victims and assists in reducing aggression and the attraction to violence, and (3) a community intervention disseminating and discussing Facts derived from NET treatment (NETfacts) to challenge the collective avoidance of atrocities and other traumatic material. The intervention was piloted in a community with 497 adult residents in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The willingness of clients to consent to sharing their anonymised testimonies (with a focus on sexual violence survivors and ex-combatants) was investigated, together with other components of feasibility including security and clinical safety, extent of support of respected local authorities and participation rates. As secondary outcomes, clinical and social measures were assessed before and post NETfacts among 200 village residents of whom 160 self-enrolled and 40 had not participated in any form of treatment. Results Implementation was feasible with 248 clients from a partner project giving consent to use their testimonies and high support of respected local authorities and participation rates (56% of residents self-enrolled in NETfacts). Immediate beneficial effects were shown for posttraumatic stress and rejection of rape myths among NETfacts participants who experienced multiple traumatic events in their own past. Attitudes towards ex-combatants improved and the perceived lack of social acknowledgement after trauma increased independent from participation. No significant change was observed for depressive symptoms. Conclusion NETfacts is a feasible and promising approach to challenge the culture of secrecy surrounding trauma, suppression and social exclusion. Long term effectiveness requires further evaluation.
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Cory, Anna-Lena, i Jutta M. Schneider. "Mate availability does not influence mating strategies in males of the sexually cannibalistic spiderArgiope bruennichi". PeerJ 6 (7.08.2018): e5360. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5360.
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BackgroundSexual selection theory predicts that male investment in a current female should be a function of female density and male competition. While many studies have focused on male competition, the impact of female density on male mating investment has been widely neglected. Here, we aimed to close this gap and tested effects of mate density on male mating decisions in the orb-web spiderArgiope bruennichi. Males of this species mutilate their genitalia during copulation, which reduces sperm competition and limits their mating rate to a maximum of two females (bigyny). The mating rate is frequently further reduced by female aggression and cannibalization. Males can reduce the risk of cannibalism if they jump off the female in time, but will then transfer fewer sperm. An alternative solution of this trade-off is to copulate longer, commit self-sacrifice and secure higher minimal paternity. The self-sacrificial strategy may be adaptive if prospective mating chances are uncertain. InA. bruennichi, this uncertainty may arise from quick changes in population dynamics. Therefore, we expected that males would immediately respond to information about low or high mate availability and opt for self-sacrifice after a single copulation under low mate availability. If male survival depends on information about prospective mating chances, we further predicted that under high mate availability, we would find a higher rate of males that leave the first mating partner to follow a bigynous mating strategy.MethodWe used naïve males and compared their mating decisions among two treatments that differed in the number of signalling females. In the high mate availability treatment, males perceived pheromone signals from four adult, virgin females, while in the low mate availability treatment only one of four females was adult and virgin and the other three were penultimate and unreceptive.ResultsMales took more time to start mate searching if mate availability was low. However, a self-sacrificial strategy was not more likely under low mate availability. We found no effects of treatment on the duration of copulation, the probability to survive the first copulation or the probability of bigyny. Interestingly, survival chances depended on male size and were higher in small males.DiscussionOur results do not support the hypothesis that mate density variation affects male mating investment, although they clearly perceived mate density, which they presumably assessed by pheromone quantity. One reason for the absence of male adjustments to mating tactics could be that adaptations to survive female attacks veil adaptations that facilitate mating decisions.
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Villora, Beatriz, Santiago Yubero i Raúl Navarro. "Cyber Dating Abuse and Masculine Gender Norms in a Sample of Male Adults". Future Internet 11, nr 4 (28.03.2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11040084.
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Gender role norms have been widely studied in the offline partner violence context. Different studies have indicated that internalizing these norms was associated with dating violence. However, very few research works have analyzed this relation in forms of aggression against partners and former partners using information and communication technologies (ICT). The objective of the present study was to examine the co-occurrence of cyber dating abuse by analyzing the extent to which victimization and perpetration overlap, and by analyzing the differences according to conformity to the masculine gender norms between men who are perpetrators or victims of cyber dating abuse. The participants were 614 male university students, and 26.5% of the sample reported having been a victim and perpetrator of cyber dating abuse. Nonetheless, the regression analyses did not reveal any statistically significant association between conformity to masculine gender norms and practicing either perpetration or victimization by cyber dating abuse.
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Kaufman-Parks, Angela M., Monica A. Longmore, Peggy C. Giordano i Wendy D. Manning. "Inducing jealousy and intimate partner violence among young adults". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, nr 9 (30.09.2018): 2802–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407518802451.
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Jealousy has been linked to a number of deleterious relationship outcomes; yet, few studies have explored the broader ways in which inducing jealousy affects intimate relationships. Using data on 892 young adults from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study, we examined correlates and consequences of intentionally inducing jealousy in intimate relationships. Results indicated that factors both unique and internal to the intimate dyad and those external to the intimate relationship were associated with jealousy-inducing behaviors. Dyadic factors included verbal conflict and partners’ infidelity and controlling behaviors, and external factors included childhood experiences of parent–child physical aggression. Jealousy induction was associated with experiences of partner violence after accounting for familial background, relationship, and sociodemographic factors. We discuss potential mechanisms linking these relationship dynamics and provide suggestions for future research.
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Kaufman-Parks, Angela M., Alfred DeMaris, Peggy C. Giordano, Wendy D. Manning i Monica A. Longmore. "Parents and partners". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 34, nr 8 (9.11.2016): 1295–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407516676639.
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Prior work examining intimate partner violence (IPV) among young adults often has emphasized familial characteristics, such as parent–child physical aggression (PCPA), and romantic relationship dynamics, such as jealousy and controlling behaviors, but has not considered these two domains simultaneously. Likewise, research examining how these two domains affect IPV perpetration over time for young adults is still limited. Using five waves of data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study ( N = 950), the present study examined the influence of parent–child relationship factors and romantic relationship dynamics in both their main and interactive effects on IPV perpetration spanning adolescence through young adulthood. Results from random-effects analyses indicated that both familial and romantic relationship dynamics should be taken into account when predicting IPV perpetration. Importantly, these two domains interacted to produce cumulatively different risk for engaging in violence against a romantic partner. Individuals were more likely to perpetrate IPV when their romantic relationship was characterized by verbal aggression if they reported PCPA experiences.
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Carmody, Dianne C., i Kirk R. Williams. "Wife Assault and Perceptions of Sanctions". Violence and Victims 2, nr 1 (styczeń 1987): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.2.1.25.
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Using survey data based on telephone interviews of 1,626 coupled males, this study explores the relationship between perceptions of four possible sanctions for wife assault and involvement in this form of physical aggression. The exploratory analysis addresses the following questions: To what extent do men perceive negative reactions to wife assault as certain and severe? Do nonassaultive men perceive the reactions of others as more certain and severe than men who engage in physically aggressive behavior? Among men who assault their partners, are the perceived certainty and severity of sanctions greater for one-time offenders than for repeat offenders? The relevance of the findings on the deterrent and experiential effects of sanctions are discussed, and suggestions are offered for future studies that apply deterrence theory to the phenomenon of assaults taking place between adult partners.