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1
Peterson, Vanessa Margaret, i res cand@acu edu au. "Body Image and Dieting Behaviours: a Study of athletes and non-athletes". Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2003. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp38.29082005.
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Research has shown that elite female athletes competing in competitive sports may experience weight consciousness and face demands to conform to unrealistic standards of body weight. The purpose of this research was to investigate body image and dieting behaviours in adolescent female athletes and non-athletes. A self-reporting questionnaire was administered to 60 athletes aged between 13-16 years derived from eight different sporting populations, and a control group consisting of 60 non-athletes or inactive individuals aged between 13-16 years. Two major areas relating to weight and eating behaviours were examined: disordered eating and distorted body image. Other variables under investigation included current attempts at weight loss, level of acceptance of thin female stereotypes promoted by the media, reasons for dieting, and perception of one’s own body image. Results indicated that the majority of the athletes displayed a positive body image and were generally happy with their overall body shape. This group was less likely to employ weight loss behaviours. However, the non-athletes were more likely to display distorted body image and distorted eating behaviours. Consistent with the cultural expectations of thinness, large proportions of the non-athletes wished to lose weight, even though their actual weight (i.e. Body Mass Index) was normal or underweight. Weight concerns in the non-athlete group related more to attaining a media driven “ideal” of femininity. The weight concerns recorded amongst a small number of athletes were related more to improving sporting performance. Although no clinically diagnosed cases of eating disorders were recorded, eating behaviours, weight reduction practices and body image beliefs indicated that the adolescent female non-athletes may be at risk of developing disordered eating and body image problems.
2
Wynn, Persephone M. "Physiological and psychological characteristics of elite female adolescent athletes". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34163.
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The elite female adolescent athletes in this study were late maturers and had a later onset of menarche than the non-elite female adolescent athletes. They had less adipose tissue and more muscle than the non-elite athletes, though they were similar in height and body mass. The elite athletes had higher VO2 peak (l.min-1) and lower maximum heart rates (beat.min-1) when analysed by age and maturation status. VO2 peak (ml.kg-1min-1) was higher in the elite athletes but there was no effect of age or maturation. The elite athletes were less economical than the non-elite athletes during submaximal running, yet had lower blood lactate concentrations (mmol.l-1), lower heart rates (beats.min-1), worked at a lower percentage of their maximum heart rates, reported lower rates of perceived exertion and had lower R values. During the 30 s cycle maximal sprint the groups were similar for peak power (W) but there were independent effects of age and maturation. The elite girls had higher mean power output (W and W.kg-1). Blood lactate concentrations were similar for both groups though there was an independent effect of age and maturation. The elite athletes had higher combined leg press, higher left leg press and higher arm press than the non-elite athletes. There was an independent effect of age and maturation power and strength. The elite athletes were more skilled at using psychological strategies in training and competition and perceived that the significant others around them were both task- and ego-oriented with regards to their sporting success.
3
Martin, Eric Michael. "The Role of Athletic Identity and Passion in Predicting Burnout in Adolescent Female Athletes". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1312937508.
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Sims, Mary. "Effects of transdermal estrogen on body composition in adolescent female athletes". Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12225.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityOBJECTIVE. The effect of transdermal estrogen on body composition in adolescent female athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea has yet to be examined. This is important because female amenorrheic atheltes often express a reluctance to take replacement estrogen given concerns that this will cause weight gain and accumulation of body fat. In this study we performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study to examine the effects of transdermal estrogen on body composition parameters, specifically fat mass and lean mass, in this specific population. We hypothesized that body composition does not change in adolescent athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea receiving transdermal estrogen when compared to no estrogen. METHODS. In a cross-sectional study, we examined baseline characteristics of 51 athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea, 24 athletes with eumenorrhea, and 23 non-athlete control subjects. Of the 51 athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea, 11 were randomized to no estrogen and 8 were randomized to receive transdermal estrogen for a period of 6 months. Changes in body composition parameters were assessed. Subjects were 14 to 21 years of age. RESULTS. Athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea had lower weight, BMI, fat mass, lean mass, trunk fat, and % body fat when compared with athletes with eumenorrhea and non-athlete controls at baseline. Athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea randomized to transdermal estrogen (OAM E+) did not differ from athletes randomized to placebo (OAM E-) after 6 months for changes in weight, BMI, fat mass, or lean mass. CONCLUSIONS. Our results support our hypothesis that transdermal estrogen does not change body composition parameters in adolescent athletes with oligo-/amenorrhea. After assessing our data we believe further studies are necessary to determine the effects transdermal estrogen in this subset of athletes.
5
Woodruff, Megan E. "Endurance training adaptations in adolescent female cross-country runners". Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1315178.
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This study evaluated the training adaptations in female adolescent cross-country runners over two training seasons. Although the effects of endurance training in this population are understood, the specific adaptations resulting from pre-season and in-season training are not clear. The physiological changes occurring over these two training seasons in 10 female runners (15.7 ± 0.8 yrs, 165.6 ± 5.6 cm, 53.8 ± 6.1 kg) were assessed. Maximal exercise responses were measured during a continuous graded exercise test and submaximal exercise responses were quantified at 7 and 8 mph. Isokinetic muscle strength was assessed at four movement speeds (60-240°/sec) and muscle power was calculated using vertical jump height. Body composition also was assessed. HR at maximal and submaximal exercise declined during pre-season training and then increased during in-season training. Blood lactate [BLa] measurements at 7 and 8 mph decreased following summer training. Whole body bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density, and femoral head BMC increased. In conclusion, it appears that high volume, low intensity training lowers [BLa] with no corresponding change in oxygen utilization in highly trained female adolescents. Running also appears to have a positive impact on bone mass in female adolescents.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Baer, Janine M. "Changes in bone density in calcium supplemented adolescent female athletes experiencing menstrual dysfunction". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49922.
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Picard, Kelly M. "Adolescent body image and self-esteem". Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/437.
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Ravn, Trina M. "Relational aggression and team cohesion among female adolescent athletic teams". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007ravnt.pdf.
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Barrett, George Ballou. "The effects of neoprene sleeve application on knee joint proprioception in adolescent female athletes". [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1110103-104929/unrestricted/BarrettB120403f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1110103-104929. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Conrad, Kelsey Annette. "Describing the Components of the Female Athlete Triad and Resting Metabolic Rate in a Cohortof Middle-Upper Class Adolescent Female Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461074549.
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Shunk, Sally A. "Differences in energy and nutrient intakes, body composition, and body image between adolescent male and female athletes (swimmers) and non- athletes". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865939.
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Competitive swimming is a sport in which "the need to succeed" is stressed and the desire to reach the optimal level of performance--physically, emotionally, and nutritionally is strong. This research sought to investigate whether there were differences in nutrient intakes, percent body fat, and body image between male and female swimmers and their non-athletic counterparts at Muncie Central High School in Muncie, Indiana.The accessible population for this study included those male and female athletes and non-athletes, ages 14 to 18, who attended Muncie Central High School during the 1989-1990 school year.The data indicated that athletes did not differ from non-athletes while males and females did differ significantly in significant differences in height between athletes and non-athletes, primarily due to the differences in the height of female athletes as males appeared to be similar, but female athletes were one-half inch taller, on the average, than female non-athletes. There were no significant differences between the weights of male between athletes and non-athletes,male non-athletes were and female athletes and non-athletes; however, male athletes were 13 lbs. lighter, on the average, than their male counterparts. There was a significant interaction, in percent body fat, significantly fatter than male athletes. There was a tendency for males to have lower scores on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) than females, suggesting that males were at lower risks for disorders than females.These data suggest that nutrition education programs should be planned to ensure good diets for all students, athletes, and non-athletes.Department of Home Economics
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Botha, Tershia. "The relationship between exercise, amenorrhoea, percentage body fat and disordered eating among adolescent female runners / T. Botha". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2095.
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Brown, Katie Nicole. "Nutrition Education to Minimize Health Risk: Approaches for Teaching College Students and Female High School Athletes". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1474.
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Adolescence is a time of increased control over food choices and dietary practices. Participating in high school sports or attending college presents unique nutritional concerns and health risks. Some female high school athletes have low energy availability (consuming inadequate calories to compensate for exercise energy expenditure), which can result in menstrual dysfunction, bone loss, and injury, also known as the female athlete triad (Triad). College students who consume diets low in fruits and vegetables and high in fast food are at increased risk for weight gain, chronic disease, and some cancers.
Nutrition education interventions that were tailored to the participants' unique nutritional concerns yielded positive results such as increased Triad knowledge among female high school athletes and increased self-efficacy and readiness to change dietary behaviors among college students. Peer-led education was preferred by college students, but not by high school students.
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Ford, Kevin Ray. "CHANGES IN LONGITUDINALLY ASSESSED BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS RELATED TO INCREASED RISK OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURIES IN ADOLESCENT FEMALE AND MALE ATHLETES". UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/708.
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Females suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries at a 2 to 10-fold greater rate compared to male athletes participating in similar sports. Altered movement patterns and inadequate knee stiffness are two interrelated factors that may increase ACL injury risk. Onset of these neuromuscular risk factors may coincide with the rapid adolescent growth that results in the divergence of a multitude of neuromuscular parameters between sexes. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to determine if neuromuscular ACL injury risk factors in female athletes increase following rapid growth and development compared to males. Male and female athletes were tested with three-dimensional motion analysis techniques during a drop vertical jump over two consecutive years to determine if ACL injury risk factors increased. Pubertal females showed a significant longitudinal increase in knee abduction angle compared to post-pubertal females and both male groups. The increase in knee abduction angle appeared to remain consistent, as the post pubertal female cohort had greater overall knee abduction compared to post-pubertal males. Similar results were found with a greater magnitude of knee abduction moment in post-pubertal females compared to males. Males and females increased ankle, knee and hip active stiffness from the first to second year of testing. Ankle and hip stiffness were increased significantly more in the pubertal group compared to post-pubertal. Sex and maturational group differences were found in hip and ankle joint stiffness. Post-pubertal males had significantly greater hip stiffness than the other groups (even when normalized to body mass). This indicates that post-pubertal males utilized a different neuromuscular strategy during landing. Males had a significantly greater increase from year to year in vertical jump height compared to females. Vertical jump height is often related to a measure of whole body power and indicates that males had a significant neuromuscular spurt compared to females. Early puberty appears to be a critical phase related to the divergence of increased ACL injury risk factors. Injury prevention programs that focus on neuromuscular training may be beneficial to help address the development of ACL injury risk factors that occur in female athletes during maturation.
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Gilbert, Jenelle N. "The female adolescent team sport athlete, stress and ways of coping". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/NQ58275.pdf.
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Telmanik, Jacqueline Ann. "Weight Pressures and Eating Behaviors of Adolescent Female Gymnasts". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1447967754.
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Bernstorf, Jill. "Influence of Competitive Sports on Disordered Eating Behaviors in Young Female Athletes". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3682.
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The field of treating and learning about eating disorders in athletes is a growing field that continues to flourish as more knowledge is acquired. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence that length of time in the sport, age at which an individual starts a competitive sport, level of competitiveness, and type of sport (leanness vs. non-leanness focused) has on disordered eating behaviors. The participants were college students who were involved in at least one competitive sport in their life. They completed the EAT-26 questionnaire as well as a basic questionnaire. There was not enough data collected to conduct a logistic regression so descriptive statistics are reported. This remains an area to be further explored as there is a gap in the literature on the age at which individuals begin competitive sports and the length of time in sports and how that relates to disordered eating behaviors.
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Coffman, Jeffrey, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Hoops, nets, and ballots : investigating the relationship between competitive sport socialization and political participation of female candidates". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2475.
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Although more women are successfully breaching the social, economic and
political barriers that can prevent them from participating as electoral candidates, few
women campaign for elected office. A dearth of female candidates may be
understandable, given research demonstrating that women tend to avoid competition and
competitive environments. Thus, elections – competitive by design – may attract fewer
women than men. This thesis posits that the inherent competitiveness of electoral politics
may deter women from campaigning for office. However, this work also forwards that
competitive sport socialization during adolescence may prepare women for electoral
competition. This paper examines the results of a self-administered survey mailed to 449
female candidates for municipal office. The survey investigated candidates’ adolescent
experiences in competitive sports and attitudes relating to internal political efficacy. The
results appear to demonstrate a strong correlation between competitive sport socialization
and either positive or neutral evaluations of political competition.x, 163 leaves ; 29 cm
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Stamm, Raini. "Significance of the anthropometric factor in young female volleyballers' physical abilities, technical skills, psychophysiological properties and performance in the game". Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1300.
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Coelho, Gabriela Morgado de Oliveira. "Associação de componentes dietéticos com desordens alimentares e seus agravos em adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8254.
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Adolescentes apresentam rápido crescimento e intensas mudanças corporais que os tornam vulneráveis em termos nutricionais. A prática de restrições alimentares, bastante comum entre adolescentes, pode levar a inadequações nutricionais que parecem ser o primeiro sinal para o início de uma desordem alimentar (DA). A participação feminina no esporte e o número de casos de DA em adolescentes atletas de modalidades que exigem exposição do corpo, agilidade e leveza dos movimentos, como o tênis, têm aumentado nos últimos anos. As DA podem levar a complicações de saúde como irregularidades menstruais (IM) e baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO), caracterizando a Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA). Desta forma, acredita-se que alguns componentes dietéticos podem ter associação com DA e seus agravos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação de componentes dietéticos com desordens alimentares, irregularidades menstruais e composição corporal em adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas do sexo feminino. Trata-se de estudo do tipo transversal. Foram realizadas avaliações do desenvolvimento puberal pela auto-aplicação dos critérios de Tanner; da composição corporal pela absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA); dos parâmetros dietéticos por registro alimentar de três dias alternados; das DA pela aplicação de três questionários validados (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE e o Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ); do ciclo menstrual por questionário validado e da DMO também pelo DXA. A Tríade da Mulher Atleta (TMA) foi estabelecida pela presença concomitante de DA e/ou baixa disponibilidade de energia (BDE), IM e baixa DMO. Foram realizadas associações por meio de correlações de Spearman entre as variáveis numéricas de componentes dietéticos com DA e composição corporal. Também foram realizadas associações por meio do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher ou prova binomial para as variáveis categóricas de adequação dos componentes dietéticos com DA e seus agravos. Participaram do estudo 75 adolescentes (25 tenistas, 50 não atletas) apresentando desenvolvimento puberal similar. Atletas obtiveram melhor perfil da composição corporal quanto ao tecido adiposo. Quanto à ingestão de macronutrientes, os carboidratos merecem destaque. Em ambos os grupos, a maioria das participantes apresentaram baixa ingestão de carboidratos, sendo este percentual de inadequação significativamente maior para as atletas. Os micronutrientes que obtiveram maior percentual de inadequação foram folato e cálcio em ambos os grupos. Verificou-se que 92%, 32% e 24% das atletas e 72%, 8% e 30% das não atletas preencheram critérios para DA e/ou BDE, IM e baixa massa óssea, respectivamente. Apesar de adolescentes atletas tenistas e não atletas apresentarem prevalência de DA similares, as não atletas apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal pelo teste BSQ. No entanto, as atletas parecem estar em situação mais grave uma vez que apresentaram maior prevalência de BDE e de IM. A DMO e a prevalência de TMA foram similares entre os grupos. Foi verificada associação inversa e significativa entre alguns componentes dietéticos (principalmente energia e carboidratos) e os escores do teste BSQ. Foi possível concluir que a baixa ingestão de alguns componentes dietéticos, principalmente energia e carboidratos, podem funcionar como marcadores para desordens alimentares em ambos os grupos a fim de previnir posteriores consequências à saúdeAdolescents have a rapid growth and and intense body changes that make them vulnerable in nutritional terms. The practice of dietary restrictions, quite common among adolescents, can lead to nutritional inadequacies that appear to be the first signal for the start of disordered eating (DE). The female sports participation and the number of DE cases in adolescent athletes from sports that require bodys exposure, agility and soft movements, like tennis, have increased in recent years. DE can lead to serious health complications such as menstrual irregularities (MI) and low bone mineral density (BMD), constituting the female athlete Triad (FAT). Thus, it is believed that certain dietary components may be associated with DE and its complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary components with disordered eating, menstrual irregularities and body composition in female adolescent tennis players and controls. This was a cross-sectional study. We carried out assessments of pubertal development by Tanner stage self-assessments; body composition by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA); dietary parameters by three-day food records; DE by the application of three validated questionnaires (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26, Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE and the Body Shape Questionnaire - BSQ), menstrual status through a validated questionnaire and BMD also by DXA. The Female athlete Triad (FAT) was established by the concomitant presence of DE and/or low energy availability (LEA), MI and low BMD. Associations were performed using Spearman`s correlations between numerical variables of dietary components with DE and body composition. Also associations were performed using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test or binomial test for categorical variables of dietary components adequacy with DE and its complications. The study enrolled 75 adolescents (25 female tennis players, 50 controls) presenting with similar pubertal development. Athletes had better body composition profile, regarding the adipose tissue. As for the intake of macronutrients, carbohydrates are noteworthy. In both groups, most participants had low intake of carbohydrates, being this frequency of inadequacy significantly higher for athletes. Micronutrients with the greatest percentage of inadequacy were folic acid and calcium in both groups. It was found that 92%, 32% and 24% of the athletes and 72%, 8% and 30% of controls met the criteria for DE and / or LEA, MI, low bone mass, respectively. Although adolescent tennis players and controls present with similar prevalence of DA, the controls showed greater dissatisfaction with body image by BSQ test. However, the athletes seem to be in a more serious situation since they had a higher prevalence of LEA and MI. BMD and the prevalence of FAT were similar between groups. Significant inverse association was found between some dietary components (mainly energy and carbohydrates) and scores of BSQ test. It was concluded that low dietary intakes of some dietary components, mainly energy and carbohydrates, may function as markers for disordered eating in both groups in order to prevent further health consequences
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Walker, Tracy Lynn. "Firecracker : an examination of how adolescent female athletes understand their competitiveness /". 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370500&T=F.
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Wicken, Tania. "The experience of a major sport injury for female adolescent athletes". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15410.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of a major sport injury from a female adolescent athletes' perspective. A qualitative, phenomenological methodology was used to find a general structure for this phenomenon. Interviews were conducted with six (N= 6) female athletes between 14 and 17 years of age who had incurred an injury that would not allow them to fully participate in sports for a minimum of 21 days. Inductive, thematic analysis revealed eight common themes as the essence of having a sport injury for adolescent female athletes, which included: From Daily Frustrations to Sources of Anger, A Sense of Emptiness, A Sense of Uncertainty and Worry, Not Accepting the Injury, A Sense of Guilt, Seeing Makes it Real, I am Support But Alone, and A Coming to "It's Not All Bad." A follow up interview with participants both confirmed and clarified the findings generated from the first interview. Taken together, these findings revealed that for these female athletes, the experience of a major sports injury is a complex and multi-faceted phenomenon. Findings are discussed with respect to the sport injury research, as well as adolescent social-cognitive development. Suggestions for future research, limitations, and implications for working with an injured female adolescent athlete are discussed.
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Freemyer, Brett G. "Glenohumeral peak torques and strength ratios relationship with injury in adolescent female volleyball athletes". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20669.
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"The Effects of Neoprene Sleeve Application on Knee Joint Proprioception in Adolescent Female Athletes". East Tennessee State University, 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1110103-104929/.
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Bumbera, Rumi Isogai. "Functional volleyball spike-jump landing biomechanics and injury incidence of adolescent female club volleyball athletes". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20652.
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Parsons, Joanne L. "Modifying spike jump landing biomechanics in female adolescent volleyball athletes using video and verbal feedback". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21527.
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Harada, Rie. "Functional volleyball block jump landing biomechanics and injury incidence of adolescent female athletes at two skill levels". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20654.
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McLaughlin, Jayne M. "Body image, self-concepts and self-esteem in male and female adolescent cross-country runners". 2003. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Washington University, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [57]-65). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.
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FU, CHENG-SHAN, i 傅承珊. "The Influence of Menstrual Cycle on Athletic Ability of Female Adolescents". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42969548797140855067.
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碩士聖約翰科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士在職專班
99
Purpose: This study investigated the variation in athletic ability in terms of speed, muscular strength and power of female adolescents in different menstrual cycle phases. Methods: Using a sample of 10 female adolescents (the average age is 15.01 ± 0.35 years old; height 160.33 ± 4.65 cm; weight 55.30 ± 9.84 kg; BMI 21.40 ± 2.90 kg/m2), this study performed a continuous measurement of basal body temperature (BBT) in 90 days (3 months) and a record of changes in menstrual cycle to differentiate between menstrual phase, follicular phase, ovulation phase, luteal phase and premenstrual phase. To identify the impact of different menstrual cycle phases on athletic ability of female adolescents, the sample was subjected to 50-m dash, hand grip strength, and vertical jump tests on a daily basis from the 61st day to the 90th day. A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was performed; the significance level was set at α =. 05. Results: The differences among the results of 50-m dash tests in 5 different phases was non-significant (p<.05). Further, the results of grip strength tests in premenstrual phase (25.46 ± 3.35 kg) were significantly (p<.05) lower than those in menstrual phase (26.47 ± 4.00 kg), follicular phase (27.04 ± 3.67 kg), and ovulation phase (26.51 ± 4.27 kg). As for vertical jump tests, the results observed in premenstrual phase (30.00 ± 1.65 cm) were also significantly (p<.05) lower than those in menstrual phase (31.22 ± 1.56 cm) and follicular phase (32.11 ± 2.42cm). Conclusion: The impact of different menstrual cycle phases on speed performance of female adolescents was non-significant; however, the performance in luteal phase appeared to be better. In aspect of both muscular strength and explosive power, the performance of female adolescents in follicular phase was better than all other cases, while the performance in premenstrual phase was the worst.
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Gibson, Jennifer. "Nutrition and hydration status of junior elite female soccer athletes". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3077.
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The junior elite female athlete is faced with the unique challenge of fuelling and hydrating for sport performance as well as growth and development. Very little published data have comprehensively described the nutrition and hydration status of adolescent female athletes, therefore, the aim of this study was to report fluid balance and sweat sodium concentration data, anthropometrics, hematological analysis as well as dietary intake of thirty-four junior elite female soccer athletes (15.7 ± 0.7 years). Hydration assessment (pre-training urine specific gravity, USG), fluid balance and sweat sodium concentration) was conducted during two 90 minute, on-field, group training sessions in mild/cool temperatures (9.8 ± 3.3 °C, 63.0 ± 12.4% relative humidity). Athletes completed four-day food records, hematological analysis (iron status markers, prealbumin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D), and anthropometric assessment. Results revealed mean body composition of players was 103.1 ± 35.2mm (sum of seven skinfolds) and 20.2 ± 5.4% body fat. The mean pre-training USG was 1.018 ± 0.009, with 45.4% of players in a hypohydrated state (USG >1.020). Players experienced a mean body mass loss of 0.84% ± 0.07%, sweat rates of 458.8 ± 284.9 ml/hour and sweat sodium concentration of 47.6 ± 11.9mmol/L during training sessions. Mean fluid intake within the 90 minute training sessions was 195 ± 0.24ml. Less than 1 litre of fluid was consumed by 100% of all participants during training sessions. Limited opportunity for fluid consumption was observed during training, with 6 of 7 sessions providing only a single fluid break. Mean energy intake was 2079 ± 460kcal/day. Mean macronutrient intake, carbohydrate (5.0 ± 1.6g/kg), protein (1.38± 0.3g/kg) and fat (29.9± 5.8%), met current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and sport nutrition recommendations however, 51.5% of athletes reported consuming <5g/kg carbohydrate. When compared to DRIs, mean intake of several micronutrients were below recommendations including pantothenic acid, vitamin D, folate, vitamin E, and calcium. The majority of athletes presented with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, prealbumin and iron markers within normal clinical ranges however when compared to recommendations for athletic populations, 89.3% and 50.0% of participants had suboptimal iron and 25-hydroxyvitamin D stores respectively. In summary, junior elite female soccer players experienced similar sodium losses and fluid losses to research reported in female adult players. The hypohydrated state, low consumption of fluids during training, which was typically devoid of sodium, and the limited access to fluids during training provide evidence of less than optimal hydration practices. Players were not in energy balance, and many athletes failed to meet carbohydrate and micronutrient requirements. When compared to recommendations for athletic populations, players may be at risk for iron depletion and suboptimal vitamin D status. More research is needed to confirm and support these findings and further develop an understanding of the unique nutrition and hydration needs of the female adolescent athlete. These findings can be used to inform nutrition and hydration practice guidelines and research for players, coaches and sport nutrition professionals.
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Vierimaa, Matthew. "An exploratory examination of sociometric status, athlete behaviour, and sport competence in adolescent female volleyball". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7707.
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Smith (2003) suggested in an influential review paper that behavioural observation and sociometry were two potentially useful but under-utilized methods for the study of peers in youth sport. Despite this call, the methods used to study peers in sport remain largely focused on athletes’ perceptions through questionnaires and interviews (Murphy-Mills, Bruner, Erickson, & Côté, 2011). Thus, the purpose of this project was to examine sociometric status, competence, and athlete behaviour in a youth sport context using an observational coding system. Female volleyball players (N = 28; Mage = 15.94) from three competitive teams completed the sport competence and peer connection inventories (Vierimaa, Erickson, Côté, & Gilbert, 2012), and each team was videotaped during three practices. An observational coding system was developed and used to code athlete behaviours in a continuous, time-based manner and this data was compared across sociometric status groups. The results reinforce past research that suggests that sport competence is an important factor in gaining peer acceptance among youth (e.g., Weiss & Duncan, 1992). Behavioural profiles were constructed for each sociometric status group, which revealed differences between groups in relation to interactions with peers, coaches, and overall sociability. Rejected and neglected athletes appeared to be less sociable than average, interacting less with peers and coaches. Coaches also appeared to spend more time interacting with popular athletes who they viewed as more competent, and less with rejected and neglected athletes who they viewed as less competent. Thus, sociometry appears to be a useful approach with which to study young athletes’ behaviour in sport.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2012-12-20 13:50:52.64
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Lindstrom, William A. "The role of athlete as contributor to social status in school age and adolescent females". 2003. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/lindstrom%5Fwilliam%5Fa%5F200305%5Fma.
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Ian-JuLiang i 梁雁筑. "The Effects of Different Core Stability Training on Trunk Stability and Athletic Performance in Adolescent Female Basketball Players". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/avy67y.
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