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1
Montague, Roslyn M., i n/a. "Preventing Adolescent Depression With Sustainable Resources: Evaluation of a School-Based Universal Effectiveness Trial". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030605.152529.
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Adolescent depression is highly prevalent, associated with negative effects and likely to recur, this provides a cogent argument for finding sustainable, cost-effective, developmentally appropriate approaches to preventing depression. Although there is good evidence to support efficacy, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of programs preventing adolescent depression. Thus the primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of a universal, school-based, adolescent depression prevention program when implemented by teachers and local mental health professionals. Participants were 1003 secondary school students drawn from three pairs of matched Year 9 cohorts. The three pairs were assigned to either: (a) Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP), an 11-session school-based resilience program delivered as part of the school curriculum (n = 522) or (b) a comparison condition (n = 481). All students completed measures of depressive symptoms and hopelessness at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up. The intervention group completed quantitative and qualitative evaluations of perceived program benefit. Small program effects on depressive symptoms for the RAP group were evident for the whole group at post-intervention (ES = 0.30) and for girls only at follow-up (ES = 0.35). However, both boys' and girls' self-reports indicated very positive overall benefits from the RAP intervention. Teachers were not less effective as group leaders than mental health professionals in terms of outcomes on depression measures, perceived program benefits or acceptability to students. Public health implications of this population-based approach are discussed in the light of small effects, high recruitment rates and potential use of sustainable school resources.
2
Montague, Roslyn M. "Preventing Adolescent Depression With Sustainable Resources: Evaluation of a School-Based Universal Effectiveness Trial". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366883.
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Adolescent depression is highly prevalent, associated with negative effects and likely to recur, this provides a cogent argument for finding sustainable, cost-effective, developmentally appropriate approaches to preventing depression. Although there is good evidence to support efficacy, there is no evidence of the effectiveness of programs preventing adolescent depression. Thus the primary aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of a universal, school-based, adolescent depression prevention program when implemented by teachers and local mental health professionals. Participants were 1003 secondary school students drawn from three pairs of matched Year 9 cohorts. The three pairs were assigned to either: (a) Resourceful Adolescent Program (RAP), an 11-session school-based resilience program delivered as part of the school curriculum (n = 522) or (b) a comparison condition (n = 481). All students completed measures of depressive symptoms and hopelessness at pre-intervention, post-intervention and 6-month follow-up. The intervention group completed quantitative and qualitative evaluations of perceived program benefit. Small program effects on depressive symptoms for the RAP group were evident for the whole group at post-intervention (ES = 0.30) and for girls only at follow-up (ES = 0.35). However, both boys' and girls' self-reports indicated very positive overall benefits from the RAP intervention. Teachers were not less effective as group leaders than mental health professionals in terms of outcomes on depression measures, perceived program benefits or acceptability to students. Public health implications of this population-based approach are discussed in the light of small effects, high recruitment rates and potential use of sustainable school resources.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Full Text
3
Ettelson, Rebecca G. Laurent Jeff. "The treatment of adolescent depression". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3088020.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.Title from title page screen, viewed January 10, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Jeff Laurent (chair), Adena B. Meyers, Salvatore J. Catanzaro, Connie B. Horton, Robert Lusk. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-169) and abstract. Also available in print.
4
Hammarsten, Yder Emma. "Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16237.
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At the age of 13, the 2:1 ratio becomes evident. It entails the fact that after puberty, twice as many females as compared to males suffer from depressive episodes. Much research has been conducted to highlight key contributing factors that aid in the onset and the timing of the 2:1 ratio. Many researchers emphasize hormonal influences and the onset of puberty as key contributors, with theories such as the gonadic theory andthe interactional hypothesis both highlighting the role of hormones in the existence and the emergence of the 2:1 ratio during adolescence. Furthermore, a large variety of researchers emphasize females increased stress sensitivity and stress reactivity as key contributors to the 2:1 ratio. Critically, research concerning hormonal- and stress-related factors will be included. However, an additional focus will be on neurodevelopmental sex differences. This, as brain-based sex differences have been paid too little attention in theories and models concerning the emergence of the 2:1 ratio during adolescence. Results from research conducted to unravel the mystery of sex differences within the adolescent brain emphasize the impact of sex hormones on the maturational sexual differentiation occurring within the adolescent brain. It has been hypothesized that increases in female adolescent depression might occur in accordance with upsurges in peripheral estrogen levels, during puberty. This seems to suggest that there is an interaction between the effects of circulating ovarian hormones in relation to both sexual differentiation in brain organization and depression susceptibility. Hence, the point of this essay is to delineate key contributing factors that potentially govern the existence and onset of the 2:1 ratio during adolescence by emphasizing the areas of (a) sex-based neurodevelopmental factors, (b) hormonal factors and (c) stress-related factors.
5
Kawczynski, Nathan. "Risk domains and adolescent depression". UNF Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/873.
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Adolescence and young adulthood are the periods of development associated with the highest amount of risk-taking. One theory, the Dual-Systems model, suggests that this could be due to an imbalance in the maturation of two brain systems: reward appraisal, which matures first, and cognitive control, which matures later. This imbalance may be the cause of adolescents’ tendency to favor immediate rewards, disregarding consequences. Depressed adolescents, however, behave differently. While it is not exactly clear whether they take more risks or fewer risks, depressed adolescents display different interactions and decision making with their peers than non-depressed adolescents. This study attempted to use these patterns of behavior already identified in previous research to predict where an adolescent would fall on a depression continuum based on their Self-Focused and Other-Focused risk behaviors. Results did not find a link between depression and either type of risk. Results may be inconclusive due to issues within the data and data collection process.
6
Vu, Bach Nga. "Pathways to Depression Among Vietnamese Australian Adolescents". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365875.
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Previous research has found relatively high rates of depressive symptoms in immigrant Vietnamese adolescents. Two quantitative and one qualitative studies were conducted to examine pathways to depressive symptoms in a sample of 110 Vietnamese Australian adolescents. Study One examined the influence of family functionality, acculturative stress and ethnic identity on the participants' depressive symptoms and whether acculturative stress and ethnic identity contribute to additional variance beyond familial factors. Twenty percent of the sample reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms (compared to 12 % in the normative population). Family cohesion and parental psychological control were significantly associated with depressive symptoms; however, family conflict was not. After accounting for family variables, acculturative stress contributed an additional 10% of the variance in depressive symptoms. The qualitative data also indicated that many Vietnamese Australian adolescents reported having problems with their parents regarding cultural issues. The qualitative data also indicated that many participants reported experiencing discrimination, especially at their school.
In a new sample of 106 Vietnamese Australian adolescents, Study Two examined two pathways to depressive symptoms to understand the precursors of family cohesion and acculturative stress respectively with broader contextual factors from the migration experience. Similar to Study One, 20% of participants in Study Two also reported clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The results of Study Two also confirmed two independent pathways to depression among Vietnamese Australian adolescents: (1) family interactions contributed to low levels of family cohesion which in turn contributed to Vietnamese Australian adolescent depression, and (2) perceived discrimination led to increased acculturative stress and to decreased school connectedness, which in turn affected adolescent depression. The result of the integrated pathway suggested that the interconnection between adolescents' home environment, the school and broader social context simultaneously influence their mental health. The findings of both studies indicate that Vietnamese Australian adolescents are at greater risk for depression. Clearly there is a need for an ecological approach for interventions to prevent depression in Vietnamese Australian adolescents.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Faculty of Health
Full Text
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Muziwandile, Robert Ntuli. "A comparative study of postnatal depression amongst adolescent mothers with and without partners". Thesis, University of Zululand, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1626.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters of Psychology (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2017The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of postnatal depression among adolescent mothers. The study was going to achieve this through a comparative approach. Two groups of adolescent mothers were compared. One group’s participants were still in relationships with their partners (child’s biological father), and the other group consisted of single adolescent partners without the child’s biological father, or a romantic partner. The research study was based in the Umhlathuze region, in two local townships, namely, Enseleni and Esikhawini Townships. A total of 100 adolescent mothers from two health care facilities were sampled for the current research study. A quantitative research methodology was adopted, as the study intended to compare nominal variables. A self-selection sampling method was utilised, and a validated tool called the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect data. Furthermore, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilised for the purposes of data analysis. The study revealed that there was no evidence of an association between partner availability and postnatal depression among adolescent mothers. However, the limitations of the current research study were acknowledged. The study recommends that a more longitudinal study be conducted, with a closer look at the quality of romantic relations among adolescent couples, and their impact on postnatal health of both adolescent mothers and fathers.
National Research Foundation
8
Patton, Emily. "Vagal tone and depression in adolescents: Protective factors during parent-adolescent interaction". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1349988651.
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Lai, Wing-yee Robby. "Perceived parental style, cognitions and adolescent anxiety and depression in Hong Kong". Click to view E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37101250.
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Lai, Wing-yee Robby, i 黎詠儀. "Perceived parental style, cognitions and adolescent anxiety and depression in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37101250.
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Fuks, Geddes Czesia. "How do adolescents define depression? Links with depressive symptoms, self-recognition of depression, and social and emotional competence". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1053.
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Depression in adolescents is a ubiquitous mental health problem presenting ambiguities, uncertainties, and diverse challenges in its conceptualization, presentation, detection, and treatment. Despite the plethora of research on adolescent depression, there exists a paucity of research in regards to obtaining information from the adolescents themselves. In a mixed method, cross-sectional study, adolescents (N= 332) in grades 8 and 11 provided their conceptions of depression. Adolescents' self-recognition of depression was examined in association with depressive symptomatology and reported pathways to talking to someone. Adolescents' social and emotional competence was also examined in association with severity of their depressive symptomatology.
Developed categories and subcategories of adolescent depression were guided by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for Major Depressive Episode (MDE) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Adolescents' definitions of depression were dominated by subjective, holistic interpretations and add new information and depth to the previous research on adolescent depression. Depressed Mood and Social Impairment were the core categories, both contained intricate subcategories. The frequencies of these constructs provide a map of the themes and subthemes that pervade adolescents' personal philosophies regarding adolescent depression.
About half of the adolescents who self-recognized depression within two weeks (45%),qualify into screened depression (Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale -2" version [RADS-2];Reynolds, 2002) criteria based on the DSM-IV-TR for MDE (APA, 2000). However, this study's findings showed that the mean for screened Depression Total Score (RADS-2; Reynolds, 2002)was significantly higher in those adolescents who self-recognized versus those who did not self-recognize depression. The majority of lifetime self-recognizers of depression thought that they needed to talk to someone and reported that they talked to someone when feeling depressed. Poor Emotion Awareness was a strong contributor to increasing vulnerability to depressive symptomatology. This study provides new theoretical insights regarding the concept and detection of adolescent depression, and links between social and emotional competence and depressive symptomatology. These findings extend previous research (APA, 2000), provide new understanding to guide future research, and have direct implications for research, policy, and practice strategies aimed to better communicate with and help young people with and without depression.
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Cook, Ryan M. "Parent-Adolescent Communication and Adolescent Depression After a Partial Hospitalization Program". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468266669.
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Kercher, Amy Jane. "The development and maintenance of adolescent depression". Australia : Macquarie University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/41417.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, 2009.Includes bibliographical references.
Introduction -- Parenting in adolescent depression: the mediating role of self-worth in a prospective test -- Neuroticism, life events and negative thoughts in the development of depression in adolescent girls -- A cognitive diathesis-stress generation model of early adolescent depression -- General discussion.
This research examined the longitudinal development of depressive symptoms among young adolescents (mean age 12 years). The first model examined depressive symptoms across 6 months in 315 young adolescents and their mothers, considering the mediation of perceived parenting and its influence on adolescent self-worth. Although parent-reported parental depression was not linked with child-reported perceived parenting, the child's perception of his or her mother as rejecting or less caring was associated with a lower sense of self-worth, which in turn predicted depressive symptoms 6 months later, controlling for initial depression. In the second model, tested across 12 months with 896 young adolescent girls, neuroticism served as a distal vulnerability for depression, conferring a risk of experiencing dependent stressors and negative automatic thoughts which fully mediated the effect of neuroticism on later depression. Initial depressive symptoms also followed this meditational pathway, in a possible maintenance and risk pathway for adolescent depression. Unexpectedly, independent stressors were also predicted by initial depressive symptoms, suggesting possible shared method or genuine environmental factors. Finally, it was proposed that young adolescents at risk of depression will not only display cognitive vulnerabilities contributing to increased depressive symptoms following stressors (cognitive diathesis-stress theory), but also be more likely to experience stressors at least partly dependent on their own behaviour (stress-generation theory). This model was supported with a large (N=756) sample of young adolescents across 6 months, controlling for initial depression. Taken together, this thesis extends previous theories about the aetiology of depression, providing evidence from family, personality and cognitive risk factors to better explain the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence, with significant implications for intervention and treatment.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
viii, 140 leaves ill
14
Harrington, Richard Charles. "Adult outcomes of childhood and adolescent depression". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367508.
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The study was based on the clinical data summaries ("item sheets") of children who attended the Maudsley Hospital during the late 1960s and early 1970s. These summaries were used to identify a group of 80 child and adolescent psychiatric patients with an operationally defined depressive syndrome. The depressed children were individually matched with 80 non-depressed psychiatric controls on demographic variables and non-depressive childhood symptoms by a computer algorithm. At follow-up, on average 18 years after the initial contact, information was obtained on the adult psychiatric status of 82% of the total sample. Adult assessments were made "blind" to case/control status, and included standardized measures of "lifetime" psychiatric disorder and psychosocial functioning. The depressed group was at increased risk for affective disorder in adult life, and had elevated risks of psychiatric hospitalization and psychiatric treatment. Depressed children were no more likely than control children to have non-depressive adult psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that there is substantial specificity in the continuity of affective disturbances between childhood and adult life.
15
Davis, Meagan Chase. "Adolescent Depression Screening in Primary Care Practice". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13864970.
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Purpose: The purpose of this DNP quality improvement project was to increase primary care provider knowledge about indications for adolescent depression screening.
Background: Approximately 13.3% of adolescents experienced depression in the past year. In Oklahoma alone, rates are increasing, with depression totaling 60% of all mental health illness among adolescents. Primary care providers see approximately 75% of adolescents; however, mental health conditions are missed 84% of the time. Current clinical guidelines recommend screening for adolescent depression during wellness visits or when risk factors are present.
Methods: The providers of interest were nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants providing primary care to children between the ages of 12 and 17 in a private pediatric practice group consisting of three clinics. The Model for Improvement guided the process of developing, implementing, and evaluating an educational intervention through use of a pre-test/post-test quantitative design. An email invited participants to complete an anonymous pre-test survey to evaluate knowledge and beliefs surrounding adolescent depression, then view an educational presentation on adolescent depression and screening guidelines, then complete a post-survey to evaluate any changes in knowledge and intention to screen. Results were shared with clinic representatives to help refine the education for future testing cycles and other clinic sites.
Results: Data collection took place over one week. Five providers completed both the pre-test and post-test surveys. Provider knowledge scores significantly increased 29% after participating in the education and self-reported knowledge on screening increased.
Conclusions: DNP quality improvement projects like this help develop strategies to increase best practices, leading to improved patient outcomes. Nurse-led improvement programs like this contribute to healthcare literature and the advancement of the nursing profession by developing patient-centered interventions applicable to a wide variety of providers. Results may be used to develop strategies to increase and align provider practices with best standards to help promote early identification and treatment of adolescents with depression.
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Reinodt, Sara. "Adolescent depression, exercise and sense of coherence". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42538.
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Adolescence is an important period of development, where health and health behaviours have substantial impact on health and lifestyle in adulthood. Prevalence of mental illness are increasing in this group, where depression account for a substantial part of the cases. Increasing evidence present exercise as an effective treatment for adolescent with mild or moderate depression, but investigations of long-term effects are required. Qualitative studies of adolescents’ experiences of exercise as treatment for depression may lead to a greater understanding of favourable arrangements of future treatment plans to facilitate adherence and effects on depressive symptoms. The salutogenic concept sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with mental health and important for behaviour change, such as initiating an exercise treatment program. This study described adolescents’ long-term experiences of a group-based exercise intervention for depression, within the framework of SOC. Fourteen adolescents met the inclusion criteria and were individually interviewed at one-year follow-up, after their participation in a 14-week group-exercise intervention for depression. Interviews were analysed with abductive qualitative content analysis, initially using an inductive approach to create nine sub-categories and four categories. The deductive part included sorting categories into the three SOC domains manageability, comprehensibility, or meaningfulness. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) have been considered when reporting the procedures. Results revealed that the setting for the exercise intervention offered a supportive environment which made the participation manageable, while insights during the intervention facilitated comprehensibility. Furthermore, the experiences of progress in health and lifestyle together with a belief in the future that emerged during the intervention made the experience meaningful. The connection in the group was appreciated, and a feeling more energised and clearer in the head facilitated functionality in daily life. This study concludes that a group-based exercise intervention as treatment for depression can be an encouraging and valuable long-term experience for the adolescents, potentially influencing health, and health behaviours in a positive direction through SOC. The study is further suggesting that SOC may provide useful guidance for further development of exercise as treatment for depression.
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Ham, David R., i n/a. "Parents and Adolescent Depression: Evaluation of a Model and an Intervention Program for Parents". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060901.165611.
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Adolescent depression affects up to 24% of adolescents before adulthood and is linked with serious outcomes. However as only 25% of affected adolescents in Australia receive appropriate assistance the prevention of adolescent depression has a high priority. Risk and protective factors exist in the individual, family, school and society, but the connection between these factors is often uncertain. Prevention at the individual level has been found to be successful but despite the importance of family factors there is little research into prevention at the family level. Because of the difficulty in engaging parents in preventive interventions it has been suggested that convenient, flexible delivery interventions may achieve better penetration. This study evaluates in two stages the Resourceful Adolescent Parent Program (RAP-P), a positively-focused family-based intervention for parents which has been developed to fill the need for a universal preventive intervention for adolescent depression. Firstly the study evaluates the theoretical basis for RAP-P by developing and testing models linking the family-based psychosocial risk and protective factors for teenage depression that are addressed by RAP-P, and the family systems factors underpinning these. No previous models linking these variables could be found in the literature. The study then evaluates two formats of RAP-P, one of three facilitated workshops attended by parents; the other a videotaped flexible delivery format for use at home, developed to overcome parents' poor involvement in preventive programs. Participants were 242 adolescents in Year 8 and 361 of their parents, recruited from eleven schools in Brisbane, Australia. Schools were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: workshop intervention, video intervention and control. Adolescents and parents completed measures at pre-test, post-test and 15 month follow-up. Based on the current adolescent depression literature and Bowen Theory, four models were developed, tested using structural equation modeling and confirmed after minor revisions. The first model examined links between adolescents' depression and the family based risk factors of parent-adolescent conflict and adolescents' negative perceptions of their parents' interactions with them, and the protective factor of parental attachment. Other models, based on Bowen Theory, examined the trans-generational transmission of differentiation of self from the adolescents' grandparents (generation 1) to the adolescents' parents (generation 2) and the effects of parents' differentiation and anxiety on the third generation adolescents' perceptions of their mothers, attachment and depression. The second part of the study examined the implementation and efficacy of the two formats of RAP-P. Predictions that the convenience of the flexible delivery format of RAP-P would result in better recruitment and lower attrition than for the workshop format were not supported, with the flexible delivery format encountering poorer recruitment and higher attrition. Predictions that parents' evaluations of both formats would be equally positive were not supported; the flexible delivery format was consistently evaluated less positively than the workshop format. However parents perceived both formats to be of similar benefit to them. Parents in the intervention conditions were predicted to exhibit better differentiation and lower anxiety than those in the control condition, resulting in their adolescents experiencing less intense conflict over fewer issues and appraising their parents more positively, and consequently exhibiting better parental attachment and lower levels of depression. The level of improvement was predicted to be related to the level of parental engagement in the interventions. However parents and adolescents in the intervention conditions did not show any positive effects of the interventions at post-test or follow-up. Parents who were engaged in the interventions and their adolescents similarly did not show any measurable benefits from the intervention. Thus this study has found support through modeling for the theoretical basis for RAP-P. Parents' feedback strongly supported the overall thrust and ethos of RAP-P and particularly of the workshop format, indicating that the intervention targeted the right factors in the right way. However the interventions did not achieve measurable improvements for parents or adolescents within the time frame of the study. With models supporting the appropriateness of the measured variables it appears that the potency of the intervention was insufficient. Finally the study found that the use of a flexible delivery videotape intervention did not achieve its goal of increased participation and was still very costly of resources.
18
Ham, David R. "Parents and Adolescent Depression: Evaluation of a Model and an Intervention Program for Parents". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366455.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Adolescent depression affects up to 24% of adolescents before adulthood and is linked with serious outcomes. However as only 25% of affected adolescents in Australia receive appropriate assistance the prevention of adolescent depression has a high priority. Risk and protective factors exist in the individual, family, school and society, but the connection between these factors is often uncertain. Prevention at the individual level has been found to be successful but despite the importance of family factors there is little research into prevention at the family level. Because of the difficulty in engaging parents in preventive interventions it has been suggested that convenient, flexible delivery interventions may achieve better penetration. This study evaluates in two stages the Resourceful Adolescent Parent Program (RAP-P), a positively-focused family-based intervention for parents which has been developed to fill the need for a universal preventive intervention for adolescent depression. Firstly the study evaluates the theoretical basis for RAP-P by developing and testing models linking the family-based psychosocial risk and protective factors for teenage depression that are addressed by RAP-P, and the family systems factors underpinning these. No previous models linking these variables could be found in the literature. The study then evaluates two formats of RAP-P, one of three facilitated workshops attended by parents; the other a videotaped flexible delivery format for use at home, developed to overcome parents' poor involvement in preventive programs. Participants were 242 adolescents in Year 8 and 361 of their parents, recruited from eleven schools in Brisbane, Australia. Schools were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: workshop intervention, video intervention and control. Adolescents and parents completed measures at pre-test, post-test and 15 month follow-up. Based on the current adolescent depression literature and Bowen Theory, four models were developed, tested using structural equation modeling and confirmed after minor revisions. The first model examined links between adolescents' depression and the family based risk factors of parent-adolescent conflict and adolescents' negative perceptions of their parents' interactions with them, and the protective factor of parental attachment. Other models, based on Bowen Theory, examined the trans-generational transmission of differentiation of self from the adolescents' grandparents (generation 1) to the adolescents' parents (generation 2) and the effects of parents' differentiation and anxiety on the third generation adolescents' perceptions of their mothers, attachment and depression. The second part of the study examined the implementation and efficacy of the two formats of RAP-P. Predictions that the convenience of the flexible delivery format of RAP-P would result in better recruitment and lower attrition than for the workshop format were not supported, with the flexible delivery format encountering poorer recruitment and higher attrition. Predictions that parents' evaluations of both formats would be equally positive were not supported; the flexible delivery format was consistently evaluated less positively than the workshop format. However parents perceived both formats to be of similar benefit to them. Parents in the intervention conditions were predicted to exhibit better differentiation and lower anxiety than those in the control condition, resulting in their adolescents experiencing less intense conflict over fewer issues and appraising their parents more positively, and consequently exhibiting better parental attachment and lower levels of depression. The level of improvement was predicted to be related to the level of parental engagement in the interventions. However parents and adolescents in the intervention conditions did not show any positive effects of the interventions at post-test or follow-up. Parents who were engaged in the interventions and their adolescents similarly did not show any measurable benefits from the intervention. Thus this study has found support through modeling for the theoretical basis for RAP-P. Parents' feedback strongly supported the overall thrust and ethos of RAP-P and particularly of the workshop format, indicating that the intervention targeted the right factors in the right way. However the interventions did not achieve measurable improvements for parents or adolescents within the time frame of the study. With models supporting the appropriateness of the measured variables it appears that the potency of the intervention was insufficient. Finally the study found that the use of a flexible delivery videotape intervention did not achieve its goal of increased participation and was still very costly of resources.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Full Text
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Wilson, Leah Joy. "Recovery from adolescent depression as a joint, adolescent-parent goal-directed project". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52577.
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This study explored female adolescent perspectives on the joint and goal-directed processes enacted in the adolescent-parent relationship around recovery from adolescent depression. Seven female adolescents with a diagnosis of depression participated in a research conversation and self-confrontation interview. The guiding research question for this study was, “How do female adolescents in a process of recovery from depression describe their recovery as joint goal-directed action in the context of their relationship with parents?” Data were collected using the qualitative action project method (Young, Valach, & Domene, 2005), and participants were asked to describe the important actions they took specific to recovery and how their parents were involved in the recovery journey. Data analysis was conducted following qualitative action project and instrumental case study method (Stake, 2005). The findings generated seven-detailed action-theory informed descriptions of the salient projects, actions and internal processes involved in each participant’s story. Two superordinate and three subordinate recovery-related joint projects involving adolescents and parents, as described by adolescent participants, emerged from a cross case analysis. Findings identified recovery as jointly enacted through the navigation of the adolescent-parent relationship and engagement in formal and familial support processes. The findings also identified joint and intentional action specific to relatedness and autonomy goals, governance transfer, and attending to perceptions of the parent experience as recovery relevant processes in the context of the adolescent-parent relationship. Recovery-related projects shifted over time to reflect changes in adolescents’ internal processes and meaning associated with action. Overall, the findings emphasize the relational embeddedness of recovery from depression in adolescence, adding to our understanding of adolescent priorities in recovery and how adolescents see themselves as working with parents to mobilize toward wellness goals.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
20
Hadjiyannakis, Katholiki Kathy. "Specific depressive symptoms as risk factors for the onset of major depressive disorder in adolescence /". view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3080587.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-146). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Truong, Elizabeth T. "Emotional autonomy, the family environment and adolescent depression /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17153.pdf.
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Merali, Noorfarah Firoz. "Parent-adolescent acculturation disparity, social support and depression". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60326.pdf.
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Wang, Lin Bollen Kenneth A. "Trajectories of adolescent depression and gender/racial disparity". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,195.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Hinckley, Michael. "Socioecological factors that affect adolescent nervousness and depression". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527709.
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The purpose of this study was to examine various social and ecological factors that affect adolescents' nervousness and/or depression. Secondary data from the 2011- 2012 California Health Institute Survey were used to examine these factors. Chi-Square analyses were utilized to test if relationships existed between the variables in the data. This study examined race, poverty level, immigration status, physical well-being, safety of environment, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling as factors for influencing feelings of nervousness and/or depression among adolescents. Results indicated that adolescents feeling nervous were affected by race, poverty level, environmental safety, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling. Feeling nervous did not have a significant association with physical well-being in this study. Furthermore, adolescent depression was affected by race, poverty level, physical well-being, environmental safety, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling. Immigration status was not found to be associated with affecting adolescent nervousness or depression. Further research is suggested.
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Brisco, Gemma. "Parental expressed emotion in adolescent depression and anxiety". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842139/.
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Background: There is an established association between parental Expressed Emotion (EE) and mental health disorders in children and adults. Most research has focussed on parental EE regarding under 12s or adult offspring, with very little attention devoted in the literature to the impact of parental EE regarding adolescent offspring. Furthermore, most studies have used methods of coding EE that were designed for use in relation to adult offspring, raising questions about the validity of their findings. The aim of this study was to compare level of parental EE regarding adolescent offspring (12-18 years) referred for treatment for depression and/or anxiety with parental EE regarding adolescent offspring recruited from the community. Design: A cross-sectional, between-subjects’ design was used. A clinical group of adolescents and one of their parents were recruited from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) service. A community group of adolescents and a parent were recruited as a comparison group. EE was assessed using the Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) with a coding scheme adapted for use with adolescent offspring. Parents completed the FMSS and a measure of psychopathology. Adolescents completed a questionnaire measure of their own anxiety and depression. Results: Level of parental EE, Criticism and Emotional Over-Involvement was non-significant between the two groups. Level of Warmth and number of positive comments was significantly lower in the clinical group. Parental EE was significantly associated with higher adolescent self-reported symptoms of depression. Parental psychopathology was not associated with parental EE. Conclusions: EE may be more normative in relation to adolescents compared to other studies. Lack of positive elements of EE may be more of a risk factor for adolescents. However, the cross-sectional design of this study means that causality cannot be inferred. Key words: Expressed Emotion, Parents, Adolescents, Internalising disorders.
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Imhoff, Sarah. "Impulsivity and depression in adolescent smokers and nonsmokers". Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37215.
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Cafer, Juliana Regina. "Representações sociais sobre amamentação na perspectiva de mães adolescentes com sintomas de depressão pós-parto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-30092016-155210/.
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A depressão pós-parto é um transtorno mental de alta prevalência que surge nas primeiras semanas, após o parto, e provoca alterações emocionais, cognitivas comportamentais e físicas. Mães adolescentes apresentam risco aumentado para a depressão pós-parto. Estudos mostram que a prática do aleitamento materno não se dá de forma efetiva nos casos em que a nutriz apresenta alterações emocionais. Diante do exposto, buscamos compreender quais as representações sociais sobre amamentação na perspectiva de mães adolescentes com sintomas de depressão pós-parto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com 14 mulheres, mães de crianças com até um ano de idade e usuárias de um serviço público de saúde de Ribeirão Preto-SP. A primeira etapa consistiu na aplicação da Escala de Depressão Pós-natal de Edimburgo para rastrear as mães adolescentes que apresentavam sintomas de depressão, no puerpério. As mães que apresentavam pontuação de 12 ou mais pontos eram convidadas a continuar a participar do estudo. Para as mulheres que aceitavam ser incluídas na pesquisa, foram aplicados questionário sociodemográfico e a entrevista semiestruturada que foram gravados e transcritos na íntegra e realizados no local de escolha da participante. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos o Método de Interpretação dos Sentidos à luz das representações sociais na perspectiva socioantropológica. Emergiram três categorias temáticas: 1) \"Ser mãe na adolescência com sintomas de depressão no pós-parto\"; 2) \"Amamentando na adolescência com sintomas de depressão no pós-parto\"; 3) \"A rede de apoio: eu e a amamentação\". A gravidez é considerada indesejada no contexto investigado, pois é vista como empecilho para se dar continuidade à vida. E isto se reflete negativamente na amamentação, visto que, há dificuldades para se desempenhar papéis maternos, nesse momento da vida. Com relação à amamentação, observamos que os conhecimentos se restringem aos aspectos nutricionais e imunológicos, sendo desconsiderados os aspectos relacionais e de construção de vínculo da prática de amamentar. Este pensamento se justifica quando fazemos um olhar para o modo como as participantes se sentem somado ao contexto cultural em que vivem, um meio que trata a amamentação como mera prática de alimentação infantil. Há a ideia de que o leite materno é fraco, sendo a mamadeira vista como uma aliada, pois além de proporcionar sensação de saciedade do bebê por mais tempo, ainda impede que ele chore e incomode principalmente no período noturno, já no período diurno evita constrangimentos por ter de amamentar em locais públicos e pode ser oferecida por outra pessoa. A mamadeira é algo que proporciona sensação de liberdade, ocasionando a independência do bebê em relação à mãe. A mulher tem como maior fonte de influência e apoio sua mãe, o parceiro ainda permanece distante à realidade da amamentação e o profissional de saúde oferece orientações pontuais, nas quais desconsideram os contextos de vida nas quais as adolescentes estão inseridas. A internet é usada para se ter conhecimento, sendo considerada veículo de forte influência. Mesmo com apoio materno, a mulher ainda permanece sozinha, com dificuldades para falar sobre sua real situação emocional e sobre suas limitações para amamentarPostpartum depression is a mental disorder of high prevalence that arises in the first weeks after childbirth and causes emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physical changes. Adolescent mothers present an increased risk for postpartum depression. Studies show that the practice of breastfeeding does not occur effectively in cases where the mother presents emotional changes. In view of the above, we aimed to understand which are the social representations regarding breastfeeding, in the perspective of adolescent mothers with symptoms of postpartum depression. This is a qualitative research conducted with 14 women, mothers of children up to one year of age and users of a public health service in Ribeirão Preto - SP. The first phase consisted in the application of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for screening adolescent mothers with symptoms of depression in the puerperal period. Mothers who achieved a score of 12 or more were invited to proceed participating in the research. For those who accepted to be included, socio demographic questionnaires were applied and, semi- structured interviews were conducted and recorded in a participant\'s choice location and then, fully transcribed. For the data analysis, we used the Interpretation of the Meaning Method, in accordance with the social representations in a socio anthropological approach. Three thematic categories emerged: 1) \"Being a mother in adolescence with symptoms of postpartum depression\"; 2) \"Breastfeeding in adolescence with symptoms of postpartum depression\"; 3) \"The network support: the breastfeeding and I.\" Pregnancy is considered undesirable in the context investigated, as it is seen as an impediment to give continuity to life. And this reflects negatively on breastfeeding, since there are difficulties to play maternal roles at this moment of life. Regarding breastfeeding, we observed that adolescent mother\'s knowledge is restricted to nutritional and immunological aspects, and the relational and building link aspects of breastfeeding practice are not considered. This thought is justified when observed how the participants feel in their cultural context, in which they deal with breastfeeding as a simple infant feeding practice. There is the idea that breast milk is weak, and the bottle is seen as an allied, since, as well as providing baby satiety feeling for longer, still prevents him to cry and bother, especially at night. Even during the day, the bottle avoids embarrassments when breastfeeding in public places and it can be offered by someone else. It is something that gives sense of freedom, causing the baby\'s independence from the mother. The woman has the greatest source of influence and support in her mother, while her partner remains distant to the reality of breastfeeding and the health professional provides specific guidelines in which disregards the life contexts in which the adolescents live. Internet is used in order to acquire knowledge, being considered vehicle of strong influence. Even with maternal support, the woman remains alone, struggling to talk about her real emotional situation and limitations to breastfeed. Thus, the social representations that support the breastfeeding practice, for these adolescents, bring with them the ambiguity of willing to give the best for your child - the breast milk, but also the will to be free and independent in life
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Wong, Siu-ching Angelin. "Preventing adolescent depression in Hong Kong a school-based programme /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40721644.
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Wang, Huan Huan. "Emotional intelligence's predictability for depression and anxiety vulnerability among Chinese". Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2589558.
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REGNAUT, NATHALIE. "La depression chez l'adolescent : a propos d'une enquete realisee aupres d'une population d'adolescents hospitalises au centre d'information et de traitement des dependances, c.i.t.d., au c.h.u. de lille". Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M324.
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Cardillo, Vanessa Agustinho. "Sintomas depressivos no período pós-parto e a prática do aleitamento materno entre adolescentes". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-13112015-150312/.
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A depressão pós-parto afeta de 10 a 20% das puérperas no mundo e as adolescentes apresentam um risco aumentado para esse transtorno mental. A prática do aleitamento materno não se dá de forma efetiva nos casos em que a nutriz apresenta alterações emocionais. Menores índices de início do aleitamento materno são encontrados em adolescentes, além do maior índice de desmame precoce. Objetivos: Analisar sintomas depressivos em adolescentes no período pós-parto e a prática do aleitamento materno. Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal desenvolvido em quatro unidades de saúde do distrito sul do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Participaram do estudo 72 adolescentes as quais estavam, no momento da coleta de dados, entre zero e quatro meses após o parto. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas entre abril e outubro de 2012. Foram utilizados três instrumentos, um sobre prática do aleitamento materno e caracterização sociodemográfica e dois para avaliação de humor e transtornos afetivos. A Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edimburgo (EPDS) foi aplicada a todas as participantes e a Escala de Avaliação para Depressão de Hamilton (HAM-D), quando as adolescentes obtiveram escore maior ou igual a 12 na EPDS, indicando a presença de sintomas depressivos. Os dados foram processados e analisados no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences, versão 21. Na análise, utilizaram-se distribuição de frequências, Teste Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A amostra se caracterizou por adolescentes com média de idade igual a 17,3 anos, em união consensual, residindo com o pai da criança ou com a família de origem, com escolaridade média de 8,3 anos e sem atividade remunerada. Um terço apresentava histórico familiar de doença mental e 9,7% revelaram histórico de problemas emocionais e/ou dependência de álcool/drogas. Duas adolescentes tiveram depressão gestacional e duas foram diagnosticadas com depressão pós-parto e estavam fazendo tratamento com medicamento. Todas as adolescentes realizaram pré-natal, sendo a maioria primípara e com gestação não planejada. O contato pele a pele foi realizado pela maioria e a amamentação ocorreu pela primeira vez no alojamento conjunto, nas primeiras seis horas após o parto. No momento da alta, quase todas amamentavam exclusivamente. Os bebês tinham idade média de 71,3 dias no momento da entrevista e mais da metade das mães não oferecia somente o leite materno para seus filhos. O aleitamento materno exclusivo era praticado por 34,7%, o aleitamento materno por 55,6% e 9,7% já haviam desmamado seus filhos. A EPDS obteve escore médio de 8,5 pontos, com 15 adolescentes identificadas com sintomas depressivos e pela HAM-D, uma foi classificada como gravemente deprimida, seis moderadamente deprimidas e oito levemente deprimidas. No que tange aos sintomas depressivos e o tipo de aleitamento materno praticado pelas adolescentes, nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada. Conclusão: É relevante incluir no atendimento às puérperas uma investigação do contexto social, cultural e econômico da mulher, com o objetivo de compreender a possível origem da depressão pósparto. Além de incluir uma escala, como a EPDS, para investigação de sintomas depressivos e apoio a estas adolescentes para a manutenção do aleitamento materno.The postpartum depression affects 10-20% of the postpartum women in the world and adolescents are at increased risk for this mental disorder. The practice of breastfeeding does not occur effectively in cases where the mother presents emotional changes. Lower rates of initiation of breastfeeding are found in adolescents, and the highest rate of early weaning. Objectives: To assess depressive symptoms in adolescents in the postpartum period and breastfeeding. Methods: An observational, descriptive and transversal study developed in four health units in the district south of the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP. The study included 72 adolescents which were, at the time of data collection, between zero and four months after delivery. The data were collected through interviews between April and October 2012. Three instruments were used, one for breastfeeding and sociodemographic caracterization and two for evaluation of mood and affective disorders. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) was applied to all participants and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), when adolescents scored higher than or equal to 12 on the EPDS, indicating the presence of depressive symptoms. Data were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21. In the analysis, we used frequency distribution, Fisher\'s exact test and Chi-square. Results: The sample was characterized by adolescents with a mean age of 17.3 years in consensual union, residing with the child\'s father or family of origin, mean schooling was 8.3 years and with non-pay employment. A third had a family history of mental illness and 9.7% reported a history of emotional problems and / or addiction to alcohol / drugs. Two teenagers had gestational depression and two were diagnosed with postpartum depression and was being treated with medication. All adolescents received prenatal care, mostly primiparous and unplanned pregnancy. The skin to skin contact was made by most of them and breastfeeding first occurred in rooming-in within the first six hours after birth. At discharge, almost all were exclusively breastfeeding. The babies had a mean age of 71.3 days at the time of interview and over half of the mothers offered only breast milk for their children. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by 34.7%, breastfeeding for 55.6% and 9.7% had weaned their children. The EPDS obtained a mean score of 8.5 points, with 15 identified adolescents with depressive symptoms and the HAM-D, one was classified as severely depressed, six was moderately depressed and eight mildly depressed. With respect to depressive symptoms and type of breastfeeding used by teenagers, no significant association was found. Conclusion: It is important to include in postpartum care an investigation of the social, cultural and economic development of women, in order to understand the possible origin of postpartum depression. Besides including a scale, as the EPDS, for investigation of depressive symptoms and support these teenagers to maintain breastfeeding.
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Burgos, Giovani. "Race, ethnicity, and adolescent depression in multi-level context". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3215214.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2006.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-04, Section: A, page: 1540. Advisers: Jane D. McLeod; Bernice A. Pescosolido. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 19, 2007)."
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Dubicka, Bernadka Walentina. "Clinical implications of comorbid behaviour disorder and adolescent depression". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502260.
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To investigate whether comorbid behaviour disorder (conduct disorder, CD; oppositional defiant disorder, ODD) predicts treatment outcomes in depressed adolescents; to describe the characteristics of depressed adolescents with and without behaviour disorder (BD); and to examine whether there is a differential effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) on these outcomes in depressed adolescents with CD, ODD or no BD. Depressed adolescents with CD at baseline and 12 weeks will have greater overall difficulties, impairment, suicidality and depression than adolescents with ODD or no BD. There will be a significant CBT treatment within each group. CD cases are more likely to be poorer attenders and will show less improvement than cases of ODD or those with no BD. ODD cases will have intermediate findings for severity and improvement. Overall, there will be an improvement in behavioural symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment. A clinical sample of 208 adolescents with persistent moderate to severe depression was recruited for a randomised controlled trial (Adolescent Depression Anti depressant and Psychotherapy Trial, ADAPT). At baseline there were 30 cases of CD, 31 cases of ODD and 147 adolescents with no BD. Subjects all received a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRl) and treatment as usual (TAU), and half the sample was randomised to receiving weekly CBT during a 12 week acute treatment phase. Depressed adolescents with CD are likely to demonstrate greater impairment and suicidality than those with no BD or ODD, however, show similar levels of improvement after treatment with an SSRl and TAU, with or without CBT. Depressed adolescents with CD can benefit from depression treatment and should be monitored closely for suicide risk.
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Scott, Jennifer Anne. "Rumination in adolescent depression : the impact on intrusive memories". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rumination-in-adolescent-depression(96946532-821b-4305-94fc-6db4cf56ee70).html.
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Rumination, a type of repetitive negative thinking, is implicated in the onset and maintenance of adult and youth depression (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). Whilst experimental studies, key to establishing causality, have shown rumination (in comparison to alternative processing styles including concrete thinking) has a negative effect on cognitive maintaining factors amongst depressed and dysphoric adults, there is a paucity of research with adolescents. Vivid, intrusive memories of autobiographical events are often reported by depressed adults (Brewin et al., 1999). Depressed young people also experience intrusive memories, however, there is little research exploring the nature of these (Meiser-Stedman et al., 2012). Inducing a ruminative processing mode in comparison to distraction resulted in undergraduates rating an intrusive memory as more distressing (Williams & Moulds, 2010). This study aimed to explore the nature of intrusive memories provided by a dysphoric adolescent sample. It then aimed to determine if analytical rumination, in comparison to concrete thinking, impacted on the experience of intrusive memories. High dysphoric adolescents were recruited from a secondary school. They completed the Intrusive Memory Interview and experimental inductions were used to compare the effect of processing styles (rumination vs concrete) on how participants emotionally evaluated their memory. Intrusive memories were experienced frequently in our sample; roughly 1.5 times a week. The memories mainly concerned death/ injury/ illness to a close other, or interpersonal problems. They were experienced as vivid and distressing, with a considerable sense of reliving. The emotions most experienced in relation to the memories were sadness and anger. No significant differences were found regarding memory evaluation between participants in the rumination and concrete conditions. Reasons for these non-significant results are discussed and the need for further research is highlighted. This study is one of very few to explore the experience of intrusive memories in adolescent depression. This study points to the importance of considering intrusive memories in cases of youth depression, and supports the exploration of new avenues regarding the treatment of depression when intrusive memories are present.
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Fredrick, Joseph William. "Examining the Association Between Family Savoring and Adolescent Depression". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1497633213449115.
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Topalian, Alique G. "Neighborhood Factors and Adolescent Depression: A National Representative Study". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1593170405001069.
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Chavez, Keri Nicole, i Alexa Joy Perez. "Prevalence of depression among adolescent males in residential treatment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3103.
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Examines the prevalence of depression among delinquent adolescent boys placed in a residential placement facility located in Yucaipa, California and managed by Trinity Children and Family Services, a non-profit organization. The Beck Depression Inventory was administered to 54 randomly selected boys (ages 12-18) of different ethnic backgrounds. Independent variables included length of time in the group home, the level of support from the family and the number of visitations the client received from family or other support systems. Results indicated that (1) White adolescents experience the highest levels of depression, (2) there was no difference in regards to depression in relation to age, and (3) that time in placement and the amount of family involvement had an impact on the level of depression of the adolescent.
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Triantafyllou, Kalliopi. "Adolescent internalising disorders : the role of maternal and adolescent cognitions". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adolescent-internalising-disorders-the-role-of-maternal-and-adolescent-cognitions(0b306cf1-e6da-4584-877b-a88a36358492).html.
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Anxiety and depression are among the most common psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence (Costello, Egger, & Angold, 2005). Although the parental environment appears to play a role in the development of emotional disorders (e.g., Abramson & Alloy, 2006), cognitive styles within the families of adolescents with internalising disorders have received little attention. The main aim of this thesis was to increase the understanding of maternal cognitions in relation to internalising disorders experienced by adolescents. Specifically, maternal attributional style, catastrophic worries, selective attention and perceptions of adolescents' social competence were examined through a combination of cross-sectional, correlational and experimental designs in the programme of five studies conducted with a clinical sample. Three groups of adolescents and their mothers participated in the studies: adolescents with clinical internalising disorders, adolescents with clinical externalising disorders and a non-referred group of school-children along with their mothers. In support of the hypotheses, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders had more negative attributional biases than the mothers in the two control groups. When parental attributions were examined from the child's perspective, adolescents in the clinical internalising group perceived that their parents had more negative attributions than both control groups. Examination of maternal evaluations of adolescents' social skills, revealed that even though adolescents did not have social deficits according to objective ratings, mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders underestimated the performance of their children compared to the non-referred control group. Significant relationships were found between maternal and adolescent attributions and perceptions of social competence, suggesting a link between maternal and adolescent cognitive style. Furthermore, mothers of the clinical internalising group produced a greater number of worries which were more catastrophic in content than mothers in the control groups. Contrary to predictions, mothers of adolescents with clinical internalising disorders did not selectively attend to threatening information related to adolescents' behaviours. Analyses using combined data from the four studies that showed significant relationships provided evidence that different cognitions in mothers and their children are interrelated, highlighting the importance of interactions between various cognitions within the family. Additionally, attributional style, catastrophic worries and negative perceptions were found to discriminate families with adolescents with internalising disorders from those with adolescents with externalising disorders or non-referred adolescents. The studies included in this thesis extend the current literature on maternal cognitions and adolescent internalising disorders and suggest that mothers of adolescents with internalising disorders are characterised by cognitive biases that should be taken into consideration in both research and clinical practice.
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Cao, Jasmine. "Parental Involvement and Adolescent Depression: An Application of the Social Stress Model". Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1243879505.
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Tinsley, Brooke Wootton. "Concurrent Validity Study of the Clinical Assessment of Depression with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale". TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/237.
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It is critical for the depressive symptoms of adolescents to be recognized, evaluated, and treated. Depression can increase the risk for illness and interpersonal difficulties in the future and affect almost every aspect of an individual’s life. Self-report measures are often utilized to assess depression, and when these measures are able to effectively detect depression, diagnosis and treatment are expedited. In order to validate the usefulness and psychometric properties of a new self-report measure, existing measures are often used as one criterion by which to judge them. The present study explored concurrent and discriminant validity of a new self-report depression measure, the Clinical Assessment of Depression (CAD; Bracken & Howell, 2004), with an established self-report measure, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS; Reynolds, 1987). The population for this investigation consisted of 122 adolescents (ages 13 to 18), a group of 99 non-referred and a group of 23 individuals with a primary diagnosis of unipolar depression. Strong, significant correlations ranging from .70 to .97 were found between the CAD and the RADS. This study also found that the CAD is a sound instrument that can be used to discriminate between clinical and non-referred adolescent populations. The CAD appears to have acceptable validity that supports its use with adolescent populations.
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Sabo, Jason M. "Relative risk of comorbid disorders with childhood and adolescent depressive disorders". Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1379125.
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The purpose of this research was to examine the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders. In addition, this study examined multiple aspects of age and gender associated with comorbid disorders in an attempt to better inform treatment and diagnosis of depressive disorders and associated disorders and to answer two questions: 1) What is the proportion of clients diagnosed with a depressive disorder who also exhibit one or more comorbid disorders; and 2) Are there significant differences in number of comorbid disorders among developmental stages and gender. The current study helps to shed light on the understanding of comorbid disorders related to childhood and adolescent depression. Previously, no other study had investigated the changes in comorbidity that take place across childhood development.The present study used an archival data set obtained from the Dean-Woodcock Neurological Battery. Participants included patients that had been referred for psychological and neuropsychological evaluation and treatment at a large outpatient Midwestern neurology practice. For the purpose of the present study, participants were selected from the data set for analysis if he or she were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and were than nineteen-years of age. The sample included 136 males and 74 females (n=210). The ages of the participants ranged from 4 year-old to 18 years-old. Results of an ordinal regression revealed that males were significantly more likely to have a greater number of comorbid diagnoses than females. Additionally, participants appeared to exhibit a greater number of comorbid disorders as the age of the participant increased.Department of Educational Psychology
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Guerrier, Natalie. "Race/Ethnicity as a Moderator in Child and Adolescent Depression and Anxiety Trials". Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06272006-121504/.
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The inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in treatment outcomes trials for children and adolescents with depression and anxiety is essential, particularly given the assumption, required by the NIH, that racial diversity is important to the generalizability of clinical trial outcomes. A search for randomized clinical trials on the treatment of child and adolescent depression and anxiety was conducted using the Medline and Psychinfo databases. These were then reviewed to determine whether race or ethnicity were 1) factored into recruitment strategies; 2) represented in the trial sample; and 3) included in moderator analyses to determine the extent to which they may influence trial outcomes. 37 original and 13 follow-up trials were identified (total N = 3330). None identified strategies for targeted recruitment of racial/ethnic minorities. Six did not report race. All minority groups except for Native Americans are underrepresented as compared to 2000 US Census figures; however, only one study reported Native Americans as participants. Overall, 67% of the sample was Caucasian, 26% minority, and 6% unreported. There was no trend in minority representation by year. Most studies reviewed do report the ethnic breakdown of their sample population, although methods vary. Six studies, three original and three follow-up, explored the ethnicity as a moderator. Without an increased presence of minorities in clinical trials, it is unclear that the results of these studies can reliably generalize to a diverse population. The importance of studies in minority samples becomes apparent, as does the need for a greater emphasis on recruitment.
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Asseraf, Marielle. "Longitudinal Links between Perfectionism and Depression in Children". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30298.
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The temporal relationship between two types of perfectionism— self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP)— and depressive symptoms was examined in a sample of 653 children across Grades 6 (depressive symptoms only), 7, and 8. A vulnerability model, in which perfectionism affects depressive symptoms, was compared to a scar model, in which depressive symptoms affects perfectionism, and to a reciprocal-causality model, in which both constructs concurrently affect each other across time. Cross-lagged paths analyses using structural equation modeling supported a scar model where increases in depressive symptoms lead to increases in SPP, but not SOP. The findings applied to both boys and girls. Results suggest that in childhood, depressive symptoms increase the perception that others are expecting excessively high standards from oneself and the need to satisfy this perception.
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黃少貞 i Siu-ching Angelin Wong. "Preventing adolescent depression in Hong Kong: a school-based programme". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40721644.
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VERAS, Juliana Lourenço de Araújo. "Prevalência de risco de suicídio em adolescentes com sintomas de transtornos alimentares associados a sintomas depressivos". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/15570.
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O suicídio representa um grande problema de saúde pública, sendo a segunda ou terceira causa de morte entre os adolescentes em muitos países. Considerando que os transtornos alimentares podem levar a um maior risco de suicídio do que qualquer outro transtorno psiquiátrico, este trabalho propôs investigar a prevalência do risco de suicídio em adolescentes com sintomas de transtornos alimentares e sintomas depressivos. Trata-se de um estudo seccional, de base populacional, quantitativo, analítico, realizado na cidade do Recife com 1.379 adolescentes, de 10 a 17 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de escolas públicas estaduais do Recife, Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: Questionário Sociobiodemográfico; Teste de Atitudes Alimentares, Teste de Avaliação Bulímica de Edinburgh, Inventário de Depressão Infantil e o Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview – Módulo C (M.I.N.I. - versão brasileira 5.0.0). Para análise dos dados, foram construídas tabelas uni e bidimensionais com frequências absolutas e relativas, bem como calculados os valores das Odds-Ratios (OR) e seus respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança, associados aos níveis descritivos do teste Qui-quadrado de independência de Pearson. Na análise multivariada, foi ajustado um modelo de regressão logística binária, incluindo como possíveis variáveis explicativas todas aquelas que na análise bidimensional apresentaram associação significativa ao nível inferior a 0,05. O gênero feminino predominou na amostra (65,5%), com idade média de 13,80 anos. A prevalência do risco de suicídio na população estudada foi de 29,7%, onde 6,7% já tinham história de tentativa de suicídio anterior. A prevalência de adolescentes com sintomas de transtornos alimentares (TAs) foi de 25,5%, segundo a escala EAT-26 e 3,2% (escore elevado) e 29,6% (escore médio), na subescala de sintomas BITE. A prevalência de risco de suicídio em adolescentes com sintomas de TAs, segundo as escalas EAT-26 e subescala de sintomas BITE, respectivamente, foi de: 42,7% e 56,8% (escore elevado), apresentando associação significativa. A prevalência de sintomas depressivos na população geral foi de 15,4%. Dos valores de Odds Ratio, as chances de um adolescente da população pesquisada apresentar risco de suicídio são mais elevadas se o adolescente tem idade acima de 11 anos, é do sexo feminino, tem sintomas depressivos, tem padrões alimentares anormais e sintomas de bulimia nervosa. Quanto às probabilidades do risco de suicídio estimada a partir do modelo de regressão revelou-se que a superposição de fatores agrava as chances para o suicídio, mostrando que, na presença dos dois fatores simultaneamente (sintomas de transtornos alimentares e sintomas depressivos), a chance seria de 61,9% para adolescentes com padrões alimentares anormais e 63,4% para adolescentes com sintomas de bulimia nervosa. Após a análise dos dados pode-se concluir que o risco de suicídio não se limita apenas a amostras clínicas de adolescentes com transtornos alimentares, mas pode ser detectado até mesmo em amostras comunitárias de adolescentes; e que o risco de suicídio está associado aos sintomas de transtornos alimentares, o que pode ser agravado pelos sintomas depressivos. Portanto, comportamentos alimentares inadequados devem ser investigados em adolescentes para direcionar estratégias futuras de prevenção ao suicídio nesta fase de desenvolvimento humano.
Suicide is a huge public health problem and considered to be the second or third major cause of death among adolescents in many countries. As eating disorders can lead to a greater risk of suicide than any other psychiatric disorder, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of the risk of suicide among adolescents with symptoms of both eating disorders and depression. A quantitative, analytical, population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1379 male and female students between 10 and 17 years of age enrolled at public schools in the city of Recife (Brazil). Data collection involved a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh (BITE), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Brazilian version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I. 5.0.0). Data analysis involved one-dimensional and two-dimensional tables with absolute and relative frequencies. Odd ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated based on the results of Pearson’s chi-square test for independence. In the multivariate analysis, a binary logistic regression model was adjusted, incorporating all explanatory variables that had a p-value < 0.20 in the two-dimensional analysis. The female gender predominated in the sample (65.5%). Age ranged from 10 to 17 years (mean: 13.80 ± 1.76 years; median: 14 years). The prevalence of the risk of suicide was 29.7% and 6.7% had a history of attempted suicide. The prevalence of symptoms of eating disorders was 25.5% based on the EAT-26 scale and 3.2% (high score) and 29.6% (medium score) using the BITE subscales. The prevalence of the risk of suicide among adolescents with eating disorders was 42.7% using the EAT-26 scale and 56.8% (high score) using the BITE symptoms subscale, demonstrating a significant association. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the overall sample was 15.4%. From the ORs, the estimated probability of an adolescent being at greater risk of suicide was higher when the individual was older than 11 years of age, female, had symptoms of eating disorders and had depressive symptoms. The regression model demonstrated that the combination of symptoms of eating disorders and depressive symptoms led to a 61.9% chance of a suicide attempt using the EAT-26 and 63.4% chance using the BITE symptoms subscale. The present findings demonstrate that the risk of suicide is not restricted to clinical samples of adolescents with eating disorders, but can also be detected in community samples of adolescents. Moreover, the risk of suicide is associated with eating disorders and is aggravated by depressive symptoms. Therefore, inadequate eating behavior should be investigated in adolescents to guide future strategies aimed at preventing suicide in this phase of human development.
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Henje, Blom Eva. "Anxiety and depression in adolescent females autonomic regulation and differentiation /". Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-807-5/.
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Bulkeley, Barbara Elizabeth. "School Guidance Counsellors and Adolescent Depression: Beliefs, Knowledge and Practice". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/5892.
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Adolescent depression is a significant problem in New Zealand. The Youth2000
survey indicated that around 9.0% of male and 18% of female secondary school
students reported feeling depressed. School Guidance Counsellors (SGCs) are ideally
placed to identify, assess and treat these adolescents. However, SGCs are rarely
included in mental health research.
I investigated the beliefs, knowledge and practice of SGCs around adolescent
depression. There were three stages to the research. Stage One used a qualitative
approach, with nine focus groups held in Auckland in 2004. Fifty-two SGCs
participated. I developed a thematic map from the results that emerged. Category One
���Beliefs and Knowledge��� had three themes: causes, negative connotations and
different presentations. Category Two ���Practice��� had five themes: assessment,
referrals, effective therapy, systems and training needs.
Stage Two comprised a questionnaire based on these results. This investigated SGCs���
knowledge of depression, assessment, training and referral decisions. It also requested
demographic data. In 2005, this was sent to 455 SGCs throughout New Zealand. Two
hundred and forty SGCs (53%) responded. Eighty percent did not believe that their
initial training equipped them adequately to work with mild to moderately depressed
adolescents. SGCs wanted further training, especially appropriate strategies. They
requested information based on research and presented by clinicians.
In Stage Three, I developed a training workshop on assessment, referral and treatment
of adolescent depression, tailored to SGCs��� needs. Thirty-nine SGCs attended
workshops in 2006. Evaluations were positive and indicated that this training was
appropriate and useful. SGCs would recommend the workshop to others.
Strengths and weaknesses of the study are discussed and recommendations made
about future developments. There is emphasis on the need for policy to encourage
collaboration between SGCs and Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
(CAMHS), education and health, training providers and the New Zealand Association
of Counsellors. As SGCs are placed outside both teaching and health, they need to be
adequately trained and receive regular professional development, supervision and
consultation around depression. CAMHS are well placed to offer training to SGCs
based on identified needs and evidence-based practice.
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Hewitt, Christopher J. "Depression, emotion and frustration tolerance in adolescent deliberate self-harm". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26603.
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Adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) constitutes an important and growing problem for health and welfare services (Harrington & Dyer, 1993). Rates of DSH in 15-24 year olds in the UK between 1989-1992 were among the highest in Europe (WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide). As well as being at a high risk of making a successful suicide attempt, around 15-20% of those admitted to a general hospital following self-harm repeat DSH within a year of the event and approximately 50% have a history of previous DSH (Kreitman & Foster, 1991). Various psychological factors have been reported to be significant in the assessment of the seriousness and/or repetition of DSH. These have included depression, hopelessness, impulsiveness, premeditation, impulsivity, problem duration, problem solving and anger. Hawton et al (1999) found that adolescents with a history of previous overdoses differed from non-repeaters on a number of these factors, although these differences largely disappeared when the level of depression was controlled for. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) has been used extensively in the treatment of self-harming behaviours. The theory holds that due to a complex interaction of environmental, physiological and familial factors, individuals who engage in DSH may have failed to learn how to tolerate or identify emotional states or feelings of frustration and distress. This theory, however, has not been empirically validated. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the role of emotions and the ability to tolerate feelings of distress and frustration amongst adolescents who have selfharmed. The project also aims to investigate whether these factors may be potential moderators in the repetition of DSH, after the level of depression has been controlled for. This study recruited 45 patients aged between 16-21 years of age who had been admitted to hospital following a deliberate drug overdose. They completed questionnaires measuring depression, their experience of various emotions and distress/frustration tolerance. An age matched, non-self-harming general clinical comparison group was recruited and assessed using the same measures. Interrelationships amongst these factors were examined both between the DSH and non-DSH group, and between first episode DSH and repeat DSH. Results of these comparisons shall be given and discussed with reference to clinical implications.
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Orchard, Faith. "The clinical characteristics and cognitive biases associated with adolescent depression". Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/66652/.
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Adolescence is a distinct phase of development, with a high incidence of depression. Despite this, adolescent depression has been somewhat neglected by researchers and treatment is largely based on adult research. The aim of the five papers in this thesis is to describe and understand characteristics of depressed adolescents that could be addressed in psychological treatment. These specifically relate to clinical presentation and cognitive biases. Paper 1 describes the characteristic of 100 adolescents referred and assessed for depression. Fewer than 50% met diagnostic criteria for depression. For those with a diagnosis, the most common depression symptoms were low mood or irritability, suicidal thoughts, cognitive disturbances, and sleep disturbances. There was no relationship between adolescent and parent report of the young person’s symptoms. Paper 2 presents a review of cognitive biases in adolescent depression. Cognitive biases may characterise adolescents with depression, but the limited numbers of studies and methodological problems make confident conclusions difficult. Some of these limitations are addressed in the remaining three papers with a focus on interpretation and memory biases. An interpretation bias measure for depression was adapted for adolescents and had good psychometric properties (Paper 3). Using this measure in Paper 4, adolescents with depression displayed a negatively biased interpretation of ambiguous situations compared to other clinically referred adolescents and community groups of adolescents. In Paper 5, self evaluation and recall memory bias were examined. Compared to non-depressed adolescents, adolescents with depression rated themselves using more negative and fewer positive adjectives, and recalled fewer positive adjectives (Paper 5). Broadly these data suggest that elements of the cognitive model of depression do apply to adolescents with depression. However, depressed young people present with a range of symptoms, including high levels of risk and many of these are not fully addressed by cognitive behavioural therapy for depression.
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Leech, Alison M. "Quality of cognitive behaviour therapy and outcome in adolescent depression". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511922.
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