Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Administration dosage

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Administration dosage”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 29 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Administration dosage"

Nakaike, Yoshihiro, Hikaru Sato, Rina Sato, Hikaru Moriyama, Shota Abe, Kenji Yoshida, Hiroyoshi Kawaai i Shinya Yamazaki. "Analysis of Dose Escalation of Propofol Associated With Frequent Sedation". Anesthesia Progress 66, nr 2 (1.06.2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/anpr-66-02-08.

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Patients with dental phobia frequently require intravenous sedation to complete dental treatment. We encountered a case of a patient who received frequent sedation by propofol, which required escalation in the dosage of propofol required. The patient was a healthy young female with severe dental phobia, and the dental procedures were initiated under intravenous sedation. Intravenous sedation was administered to the patient more than 100 times over 9 years, and the dosages were analyzed. The mean dosage of propofol administered per hour was 6.9 ± 2.4 mg/kg/h, and the dosage tended to increase with frequency (0.06–0.1 mg/kg/h in each administration). Increased dosage was needed with a shorter interval between sedations after 30 episodes of sedation. Regarding the mean dosage of propofol per hour, the step-down method exhibited the highest increase in dosage rate of 0.18 mg/kg/h per administration followed by target-controlled infusion at 0.07 mg/kg/h per administration and combination sedation at 0.06 mg/kg/h per administration. We discuss factors that may be associated with acute tolerance to propofol when frequent propofol sedations are provided.

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Tranquilli, Wm J., L. M. Graning, J. C. Thurmon, G. J. Benson, S. G. Mourn i E. L. Lentz. "Effect of midazolam preanesthetic administration on thiamylal induction requirement in dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research 52, nr 5 (1.05.1991): 662–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1991.52.05.662.

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SUMMARY The thiamylal sparing effect of midazolam was studied in 30 healthy Beagle and mixed-breed dogs. Using a replicated Latin square design, all dogs were given placebo (saline solution) and 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg of midazolam/ kg of body weight prior to iv administration of thiamylal sodium. The 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg dosages significantly decreased the amount of thiamylal required to obtund swallowing reflex and easily achieve endotracheal intubation. Midazolam at 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced thiamylal requirement by 16.4% and 18.9%, respectively, whereas the 0.05 mg/kg dosage decreased thiamylal requirement by only 6.8%. The 0.2 mg/kg dosage did not further decrease thiamylal requirement beyond that achieved with the 0.1 mg/kg dosage of midazolam. This study demonstrates that the preanesthetic iv administration of midazolam reduces the thiamylal dose necessary to accomplish intubation. The optimal preanesthetic dosage (lowest dosage with significant effect) was 0.1 mg/kg.

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Nachreiner, R. F., K. R. Refsal, W. R. Ravis, J. Hauptman, E. J. Rosser i W. M. Pedersoli. "Pharmacokinetics of L-thyroxine after its oral administration in dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research 54, nr 12 (1.12.1993): 2091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1993.54.12.2091.

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Summary Twelve mature (5 sexually intact males, 4 castrated males, and 3 females) mixed-breed dogs were surgically thyroidectomized and used in a Latin-square design pharmacokinetic study of orally administered l-thyroxine. The dogs were treated with 44, 22, and 11 μg of l-thyroxine/kg as a single morning dose or in divided doses, morning and evening. Serum concentration of thyroxine (T4) was evaluated to determine a number of pharmacokinetic variables for comparison. Mean steady-state concentrations (Css) were determined from the area under the curve. Variables were analyzed for comparisons between dosages by use of anova. Concentration at steady state was highest for dogs of the 44-μg/kg of body weight once-daily group and was lowest for dogs of the group given 11 μg/kg in 2 daily doses. Single daily administration resulted in higher Css, except at the 22-μg/kg/d dosage. Clearance was faster for the 22- and 44-μg/kg/d dosages than for the 11-μg/kg/d dosage. The half-life (t1/2) and mean residence time (mrt) also were shorter for the 44-μg/kg/d dosage, possibly indicating more rapid elimination of the drug at higher doses and dose-dependent kinetics. Perhaps, as the dogs’ metabolism increased with higher iodothyronine concentrations, hormone degradation was accelerated. Interval (divided vs single dose) caused some expected changes: maximal concentration was higher and minimal concentration was lower when single administration was used. These undulations resulted in iodothyronine concentrations above the physiologic range for a number of hours, whereas concentration closer to physiologic ranges was achieved by use of divided doses. Delayed absorption (lag time) was seen in 37 of the 72 data sets, but was generally short, about 0.25 hour. Mean time to maximal concentration was 3 to 4 hours. At the higher dosages, serum total T4 concentration was high normal or above normal during most of the time after l-thyroxine administration, but serum concentration of total 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine did not remain within the normal range until the 44-μg/kg/d dosage was used. The customary dosage of 22 μg/kg/d (0.1 mg/10 lb/d) may not be adequate for most dogs. Pharmacokinetic variables appear to be highly dependent on the individual dog. Those with rapid absorption and higher concentration tended to have these characteristics at each dosage in this study. The pharmacokinetic variables, therefore, appear to be highly individualized, and dosages recommended for treatment of hypothyroidism should be considered to be only a starting point for the average dog. To avoid underdosing or overdosing, monitoring of treatment to adjust dose for individual dog kinetic variables seems to be imperative.

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Shih, Ming-Kuang, Yu-Chou Chao i Ying-Line Sheu. "NOVEL DOSAGE FORM TARGETING VAGINAL ADMINISTRATION". Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, nr 04 (sierpień 2013): 1350034. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500348.

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Currently, treatments for vaginal infections are mostly given orally or subcutaneously. However, because of extensive first-pass metabolism, the exposure of unchanged drug to the vaginal mucosa (i.e. bioavailability) after oral or subcutaneous dosing may be as low as 2.92%. Meanwhile, ointments for external application may result in pain or hypersensitivity. To address these problems, we proposed a novel composite dosage form consisting of polyurethane (PU) foam and aquagel impregnated therewithin. The PU/aquagel dosage form was shaped into a circular pad having diameter of about 5 cm, which made it suitable for being inserted into the vagina (average diameter 3 cm) thereby acting directly on cells within the inflamed lesion. We had successfully developed hydrophilic PU foam with an excellent water retention rate of about 1674%, which may retain 6.5-fold water as compared to convention PU foam. The hydrophilic PU foam comprised inter-connected cells which allowed the continuous flow of the aquagel along the struts, thereby allowing the aquagel to reach the peripheral of the PU foam and directly contact the lesion site. In this way, it is possible to deliver active compounds dispersed within the aquagel to the lesion site without enzymatic degradation. The active compounds would biologically adhere to the vaginal mucosa, thereby providing a fast-releasing yet sustained treatment. We investigated the relationship between the viscosity of the aquagel and the gel retention rate of the hydrophilic PU foam. Several over-the-counter medications for treating vaginal infections were dispersed in the aquagel, and in vitro transmembrane penetration analysis was conducted to elucidate the transmembrane delivery rate thereof. The O/W gel containing acyclovir exhibited a bioavailability of 60.7% at 26 h after the treatment, which is 19.4-fold compared to that of the orally administered acyclovir. This finding suggested that the novel dosage foam may reduce the concentration of active compounds, thereby reducing their cytotoxicity to normal cells.

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Wordell, Cindy J. "Intravenous Immune Globulin: Dosage and Administration". Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 7, nr 2 (4.03.1987): S27—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1987.tb03510.x.

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Sur, S., J. Lam, P. Bouchard, A. Sigounas, D. Holbert i W. J. Metzger. "Immunomodulatory effects of IL-12 on allergic lung inflammation depend on timing of doses." Journal of Immunology 157, nr 9 (1.11.1996): 4173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.9.4173.

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Abstract We investigated the effects of IL-12 on a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. Administration of IL-12 was timed to interfere with either allergic sensitization (early dosage) or the hypersensitivity inflammatory response in the lung (late dosage), or both (early and late dosages). Comparisons of IL-12- and PBS-treated animals within each treatment group revealed several noticeable effects of IL-12. Early dosage, and the combination of early and late dosages, strikingly decreased ragweed-specific serum IgE, tracheal ring reactivity to acetylcholine, and BAL eosinophilia following allergen challenge. In contrast, late dosage had no effect on IgE levels and only a minimal effect on tracheal ring reactivity, but had a modest effect on recruitment of eosinophils. Early dosage down-regulated IL-5 and IL-10, but did not alter IL-4 or IFN-gamma expression. Late dosage down-regulated IL-5, up-regulated IL-10 and IFN-gamma, but did not change IL-4 expression. The combination of early and late dosage down-regulated IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression, but increased IFN-gamma expression and production in the BAL cells and fluids. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-12 has potent immunomodulatory effects on allergic lung inflammation that depend on the timing of IL-12 administration relative to allergic sensitization and allergen challenge.

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Walker, Robert D., Gary E. Stein, Joseph G. Hauptman i Kathleen H. MacDonald. "Pharmacokinetic evaluation of enrofloxacin administered orally to healthy dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, nr 12 (1.12.1992): 2315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.12.2315.

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Summary Enrofloxacin was administered orally to 6 healthy dogs at dosages of approximately 2.75, 5.5, and 11 mg/kg of body weight, every 12 hours for 4 days, with a 4-week interval between dosage regimens. Serum and tissue cage fluid (tcf) concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured after the first and seventh treatments. The mean peak serum concentration occurred between 1 and 2.5 hours after dosing. Peak serum concentrations increased with increases in dosage. For each dosage regimen, there was an accumulation of enrofloxacin between the first and seventh treatment, as demonstrated by a significant (P = 0.001) increase in peak serum concentrations. The serum elimination half-life increased from 3.39 hours for the 2.75 mg/kg dosage to 4.94 hours for the 11 mg/kg dosage. Enrofloxacin accumulated slowly into tcf, with peak concentrations being approximately 58% of those of serum. The time of peak tcf concentrations occurred between 3.8 hours and 5.9 hours after drug administration, depending on the dosage and whether it was after single or multiple administrations. Compared with serum concentrations (area under the curvetcf/area under the curveserum), the percentage of enrofloxacin penetration into tcf was 85% at a dosage of 2.75 mg/kg, 83% at a dosage of 5.5 mg/kg, and 88% at a dosage of 11 mg/kg. All 3 dosage regimens of enrofloxacin induced continuous serum and tcf concentrations greater than the minimal concentration required to inhibit 90% (mic90) of the aerobic and facultative anaerobic clinical isolates tested, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the 11 mg/kg dosage regimen provided continuous serum and tcf concentrations that exceeded the mic90 for P aeruginosa isolates; whereas none of the dosages induced serum or tcf concentrations greater than the mic90 of the obligate anaerobic bacteria tested.

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Rajkumar, L. A. Pradeep, Sujith J. Chandy, Heber Rew Bright, V. J. Hema Jiji, Judith Basker i K. Gunaraj. "Importance of Appropriate Medication Administration in Patients with Nasogastric Feeding Tube". Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 22, nr 3 (31.12.2023): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.3.23.46.

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Solid dosage forms like modified release and enteric coated formulations are considered inappropriate for nasogastric feeding tube (NGFT) administration due to varying pharmacokinetics which could lead to inadequate therapeutic responses or toxicity. An analysis was conducted to assess the appropriateness of prescribed medicines for NGFT administration in hospital inpatients so that physicians can be sensitized to the importance of this. In this cross-sectional study conducted in a large tertiary care centre, prescription data of in-patients with nasogastric feeding tube (NGFT) were retrieved through electronic pharmacy transactions. Adult patients who were admitted in the hospital for more than one day and were dispensed a NGFT were included. The appropriateness of medicines administered through NGFT was assessed using standard published literature. Details of medicines that were categorized as inappropriate were collated and analysed. In case of inappropriate prescribing, availability of appropriate dosage forms was also determined. A total of 510 patients were found eligible for analyses. Majority of the patients were dispensed at least one inappropriate dosage form. Among the dispensed oral solid dosage forms, 16.38% were found to be inappropriate for NGFT administration. Of these, 21.41% were dispensed on same day as the NGFT, 34.67% were dispensed before the NGFT and were continued throughout the hospital stay and 43.92% were dispensed within or after 24 hours of NGFT dispensation. These findings will improve awareness among healthcare professionals about the need for appropriate administration of oral formulations in patients intubated with NGFT. Keywords: Inappropriate Dosage Forms, Nasogastric Feeding Tube, Appropriate Dosage Forms, Modified Release Formulations

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Yuan, Xiaofan, Lei Guo, Chuan Jiang, Xu Yang i Jie Huang. "The Effect of Different Administration Time and Dosage of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Neuroimmunomodulation 28, nr 3 (2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515131.

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Background: Despite the vitamin D treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), there continues to be controversial discrepancy in outcomes according to the current research. Many systematic reviews have evaluated the effect of vitamin D as an adjuvant treatment in patients with MS; however, there is no consensus on the optimum administration time and dosage of vitamin D intake. A meta-analysis for exploring the different administration time and dosage of vitamin D is warranted. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of different administration time and dosage of vitamin D in patients with MS were recorded within 7 databases. This meta-analysis was performed with 2 clinical outcomes: EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) and relapses during research. Results: The pooled results indicated that receiving different administration time and dosage of vitamin D as an adjuvant treatment had no significant therapeutic effect on MS according to the EDSS scores and relapses during research. Conclusion: According to our meta-analysis, the administration of vitamin D in different dosages (ranging from 2,857 to 14,007 IU/day) and treatment period (ranging from 6 to 24 months) did not affect the clinical outcomes (EDSS and relapses during research) in patients with MS. Additional RCTs should be conducted to explore whether a longer duration and a larger dosage of vitamin D without serious adverse effects might produce therapeutic effects in patients with MS.

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King, Jonathan N., Catherine Mauron i Günther Kaiser. "Pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of benazepril, benazeprilat, and inhibition of plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme activity after single and repeated administrations to dogs". American Journal of Veterinary Research 56, nr 12 (1.12.1995): 1620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1995.56.12.1620.

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SUMMARY Plasma pharmacokinetic variables of benazeprilat, the active metabolite of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor benazepril, were evaluated in healthy Beagles. Benazeprilat was administered iv at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight (n = 9). The elimination half-life of benazeprilat was 3.5 hours, although an additional terminal phase was observed in some dogs. Vehicle (gelatin capsules) or benazepril at dosages of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg was administered orally as a single administration, then once daily for 15 consecutive days (n = 5 or 6/group). Peak benazeprilat concentrations were rapidly attained by 2 hours. Benazeprilat concentrations accumulated moderately with repeated administration, with a peak concentration that was 23% higher and an area under the concentration-time curve that was 34% higher after the 15th dose of benazepril, compared with values after a single dose. The effective half-life for accumulation for all 4 dosages was 12 hours. Steady-state concentrations at 2 hours after administration were achieved after a median (range) of 1 (1 to 6) dose(s). Pharmacodynamic variables were assessed by measurement of plasma ace activity after oral administration of benazepril or vehicle. All dosages of benazepril caused profound inhibition of ace, with rapid onset of activity (time to peak effect, 2 hours) and long duration of action (single administration of all 4 doses induced inhibition of ace that was significantly different from the value in the control [vehicle-treated] dogs for all time points between 1 and 30 hours). Maximal inhibition at all time points was induced by the 0.25- mg/kg dosage at a single administration and with the lowest dosage tested (0.125 mg/kg) at steady state. At steady state, the 0.25-mg/kg dosage caused (mean ± sem) 96.9 ± 2.0% inhibition of ace activity at maximal effect and 83.6 ± 4.2% at trough effect (24 hours after dosing), indicating minimal variation in peak/trough effect. Steady-state inhibition of ace activity at both peak and trough drug effect was achieved after 1 to 4 doses. The data indicate that benazepril is a potent and long-acting ace inhibitor in dogs.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Administration dosage"

SANTINI, BENEDETTA. "Studies of different administration routes of engineered colloidal nanoparticles". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/170811.

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The aim of my PhD work is to investigate the destiny of different kind of engineered colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) administered by different administration routes. The administration routes that I have investigated in my work are the topical, oral, inhalational and the intravenous administration. To investigate the topical route my purpose is to design and develop iron oxide nanoparticles coated with an amphiphilic polymer and formulated in highly stable suspensions or incorporated into semi-solids, to cross the skin in order to be used for loco-regional therapeutic treatments. Once the NPs suspension skin passage is assessed, the nanoparticles are loaded into different semi-solid formulations to test the possible NPs permeation improvement. In vitro experiments are performed on human abdominal skin and in vivo study in mice is set up to evaluate the NPs biodistribution after subcutaneous injection in comparison to topical administration. The results obtained in this study are promising for the development of nano-cream for the local skin treatment. As regard the second project several research studies have been focused on the development of novel formulations for the oral administration of insulin. I design insulin-containing nanoparticles that are loaded into pellet cores and orally administered to diabetic rats. The nanoparticles proposed are polyethylene imine-based nanoparticles and they are incorporated into pellets with two overlapping layers and a gastrointestinal film. The nanotechnology science and the knowledge of the solid pharmaceutical forms allow building a novel nanoformulation, multiple-unit colon release system, i.e. pellets, as a possible oral nanocarrier for insulin. The aim of the third project is a preliminary study of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The GNPs are covered with an amphiphilic polymer and they are designed to be loaded with an immunosuppressant drug (everolimus) in the hydrophobic section and functionalized on the surface with a monoclonal antibody selective for the receptor expressed by mesenchymal cells, which are responsible of the pathology. This study confirms the capability of functionalized GNPs to be a selective and efficient drug delivery system and future perspectives interest the in vivo administration by inhalation of GNPs on animal models of obliterative bronchiolitis. As regard the last project I test iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with a peptide by intravenous administration to improve the peptide passage to the central nervous system (CNS). It’s known that the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a poorly crossable endothelium by most drugs and for their inability to reach the CNS most are the neurodegenerative disorders, which don’t have effective therapies. For this reason iron oxide nanoparticles represent a promising vector for the peptide translocation across the BBB.
The aim of my PhD work is to investigate the destiny of different kind of engineered colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) administered by different administration routes. The administration routes that I have investigated in my work are the topical, oral, inhalational and the intravenous administration. To investigate the topical route my purpose is to design and develop iron oxide nanoparticles coated with an amphiphilic polymer and formulated in highly stable suspensions or incorporated into semi-solids, to cross the skin in order to be used for loco-regional therapeutic treatments. Once the NPs suspension skin passage is assessed, the nanoparticles are loaded into different semi-solid formulations to test the possible NPs permeation improvement. In vitro experiments are performed on human abdominal skin and in vivo study in mice is set up to evaluate the NPs biodistribution after subcutaneous injection in comparison to topical administration. The results obtained in this study are promising for the development of nano-cream for the local skin treatment. As regard the second project several research studies have been focused on the development of novel formulations for the oral administration of insulin. I design insulin-containing nanoparticles that are loaded into pellet cores and orally administered to diabetic rats. The nanoparticles proposed are polyethylene imine-based nanoparticles and they are incorporated into pellets with two overlapping layers and a gastrointestinal film. The nanotechnology science and the knowledge of the solid pharmaceutical forms allow building a novel nanoformulation, multiple-unit colon release system, i.e. pellets, as a possible oral nanocarrier for insulin. The aim of the third project is a preliminary study of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). The GNPs are covered with an amphiphilic polymer and they are designed to be loaded with an immunosuppressant drug (everolimus) in the hydrophobic section and functionalized on the surface with a monoclonal antibody selective for the receptor expressed by mesenchymal cells, which are responsible of the pathology. This study confirms the capability of functionalized GNPs to be a selective and efficient drug delivery system and future perspectives interest the in vivo administration by inhalation of GNPs on animal models of obliterative bronchiolitis. As regard the last project I test iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated with a peptide by intravenous administration to improve the peptide passage to the central nervous system (CNS). It’s known that the blood brain barrier (BBB) is a poorly crossable endothelium by most drugs and for their inability to reach the CNS most are the neurodegenerative disorders, which don’t have effective therapies. For this reason iron oxide nanoparticles represent a promising vector for the peptide translocation across the BBB.

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Börjeson, Sussanne. "Nausea and emesis in cancer chemotherapy : aspects of occurrence, assessment and treatment /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980512borj.

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Kapraali, Marjo. "Prostaglandin E₂ influences the gastrointestinal endocrine cell system in the rat /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980918kapr.

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Persson, Jan. "Low dose ketamine : analgesia and side-effects in patients and volunteers /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3641-2/.

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Eriksson, Björn E. "Angina pectoris: neurophysiological mechanisms : with special references to adenosine and Syndrome X /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3809-1/.

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Wakelkamp, Monique. "Furosemide dosage input - consequences for diuretic effect, tolerance and efficiency /". Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2612-3.

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Achouri, Djamila. "Formes pharmaceutiques innovantes destinées à une administration oculaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5501.

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Dans le contexte du traitement du kératocône, une formulation contenant de la riboflavine, un principe actif hydrosoluble, deux tensio-actifs (le poloxamère 407 et la monooléine) et de l'eau a été préparée par un processus d'homogénéisation. Un plan factoriel fractionnaire a été utilisé pour estimer les effets principaux et les interactions de cinq paramètres sur deux réponses pertinentes, à savoir la taille des particules et l'efficacité d'encapsulation. Les cinq paramètres étudiés étaient la température des deux phases, la durée de l'émulsification, la présence du chauffage pendant l'homogénéisation, le nombre de cycles et la pression. Il a ainsi été montré que les paramètres les plus influents sont la présence du chauffage pendant l'homogénéisation et la pression qui ont conduit à l'obtention de nanoparticules d'une taille moyenne de 145 nm et une efficacité d'encapsulation moyenne de 46%. La détermination des paramètres optimaux du procédé de fabrication a conduit à l'optimisation de la formulation par le biais de plans d'expériences. L'influence combinée de trois composants a été étudiée dans une partie du diagramme de phase. Ainsi, douze formules décrivant l'espace de conception ont été préparées. Les résultats obtenus par diffraction des rayons X aux petits angles et par cryo-microscopie électronique en transmission ont mis en évidence la présence de nano-objets de structure éponge et/ou hexagonale inverse. Le pourcentage de chacun des composants a été déterminé pour obtenir à la fois une grande efficacité d'encapsulation et une petite taille de particules. Deux formulations très proches dans le diagramme de phase ternaire, ont répondu à ces exigences
In the context of the keratoconus treatment, a formulation containing riboflavin a water-soluble drug, two surfactants (poloxamer 407 and mono acyl glycerol) and water was optimized and prepared by emulsification and a homogenization process. A fractional factorial design was applied to estimate the main effects and interaction effects of five parameters on two relevant responses, namely particle size and encapsulation efﬁciency. The five parameters studied were the temperature of the two phases, the duration of emulsification, the presence of heating during homogenization, the number of passes and pressure. It has been shown that the most influent parameters are the presence of heating during the homogenization and the pressure that led to the production of nanoparticles with an average size of 145 nm and an average encapsulation efﬁciency of 46 %. The determination of the optimal parameters of the process led to an optimization of the formulation by using experimental design. The combined inﬂuence of three factor variables (or components) of the formulation that are water, monoolein and poloxamer 407 were, studied. In this way, twelve formulas describing the design space were prepared. Results obtained using SAXS and cryo-TEM evidenced the presence of nano-objects with either sponge or hexagonal inverted structure. In the zone of interest, the percentage of each component was determined to obtain both high encapsulation efficiency and small size of particles. Two formulations are very close in the ternary phase diagram, and have responded to these requirements

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Jiumjaiswanglerg, Siriwimol. "Influence of temperature and humidity on the stability of medicines in dosage administration aids". Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/165.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chemical stability of six medications in two types of unit-dose packaging, one was Webster-Package and another was a plastic seal unit-dose package. Stability was observed in terms of the drugs’ active ingredients and appearance of tablets and/or capsules. The study was commenced under condition of 35 ºC and 90% RH that related to temperature and humidity of tropical climate areas. A period of sixty days was chosen as the time period since unit-dose packages have to be delivered to patients and patients have to use the medications for up to one month. Six medications tested in this study were aspirin tablets 100mg (DBL Aspirin®), atorvastatin 40mg (Lipitor®), gliclazide 30mg MR (Diamicron MR®, and Oziclide®), metformin (GenRx Metformin® 500mg, and Formet® 1000mg), omeprazole 20mg (Omeprazole Winthrop®, and Omepral®), and ramipril 10mg (Ramipril Winthrop®, Ramipril Sandoz®).Each medication was transferred from an original package into eighteen different wells of small size Webster-Package. All six medications were also packed together into an other eighteen different wells of large size Webster-Package. To test the stability of the medicines in the Webster-Package, all of the packs were stored at 35 °C and 90% humidity for 60 days. Ramipril and omeprazole were also examined in another test condition (30°C and 90% RH) for 28 days. In addition, unit-dose packages from the Northern Territory of South Australia were tested. Medications were packed into clear sealed plastic bags by Stuart Park Pharmacy and tested using the same control condition. Time points for analysis were undertaken at day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60. Three samples were collected and triplicate tests were done for each sample. Shape and colour of the tablets were evaluated. Quantitative results were gained by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results of the stability testing at each time point were compared with their standard curves. Visual stability alterations were found in aspirin tablets (DBL Aspirin®), omeprazole tablets (Omeprazole Winthrop®, and Omepral®), and ramipril capsules (Ramipril Winthrop®, Ramipril Sandoz®) in both groups of Webster-Packages and unit-dose packages. Fading of ramipril capsules’ colour and sealing of cap and body of the capsules were found in both test conditions. Film-coatings of omeprazole tablets were cracked in both test conditions. Chemical stability alterations were found in omeprazole tablets used in unit-dose package. The results showed that in both experimental conditions omeprazole active ingredient was detected at levels of less than 90% of the active ingredient in the control tablets at Day 14 of the experiment.It may be concluded that not all of these medications can be repackaged into Webster-Packaging and unit-dose packaging. Pharmacists should be concerned about chemical properties of drugs, especially hydrolysis, photosensitivity, and heat resistance properties, before deciding to repackage them.

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Eriksson-Mjöberg, Marianne. "Intravenous morphine after gynecological surgery : pain relief, endocrine and immune response /". Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971107erik.

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Lindmarker, Per. "Treatment of deep vein thrombosis and risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3211-5/.

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Książki na temat "Administration dosage"

Erickson, Belle. Dosage calculations. Wyd. 2. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corporation, 1991.

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Looby, Olsen June, red. Medical dosage calculations. Wyd. 4. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Health Sciences Division, 1987.

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Olsen, June Looby. Dosage calculations. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1992.

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Henke, Grace. Med-math: Dosage calculation, preparation and administration. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1991.

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Grace, Henke, red. Henke's med-math: Dosage calculation, preparation & administration. Wyd. 7. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, 2012.

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Todd, Catherine M. Dosage calculations manual. Wyd. 2. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse, Corp., 1992.

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Hegstad, Lorrie N. Essential drug dosage calculations. Wyd. 3. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1994.

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Hegstad, Lorrie N. Essential drug dosage calculations. Wyd. 2. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1989.

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Aurigemma, Ann. Dosage calculation: Method and workbook. Wyd. 3. New York: National League for Nursing, 1987.

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Grace, Henke, red. Henke's med-math: Dosage calculation, preparation and administration. Wyd. 4. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003.

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Części książek na temat "Administration dosage"

Schneeweiss, Adam, i Marija Weiss. "Dosage and Administration". W Advances in Nitrate Therapy, 149–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97066-5_27.

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Schneeweiss, Adam, i Marija Weiss. "Dosage and Administration". W Advances in Nitrate Therapy, 173–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75834-8_27.

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Hacısalihzade, Selim S. "Drug Administration and Dosage Optimization". W Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, 61–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37279-7_4.

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Kane, J. M. "Dosage and Route of Administration of Neuroleptic Drugs During Different Phases of a Schizophrenic Illness". W Guidelines for Neuroleptic Relapse Prevention in Schizophrenia, 85–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-86922-8_16.

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Tullner, W. W., J. P. Young i R. Hertz. "Administration of Massive Dosage of Oestrogen to Breast and Prostatic Cancer Patients; Blood Levels Attained". W Ciba Foundation Symposium - Steroid Hormones and Tumour Growth (Book I of Colloquia on Endocrinology, Vol. 1), 157–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470718759.ch13.

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Schecter, Danial, i Claude Cyr. "Choosing a Product, Route of Administration, Initial Dosage, Titration, Monitoring and Management of Adverse Effects". W Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in Cancer Care, 191–233. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89918-9_7.

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Morgan, Jill A., i Kristine A. Parbuoni. "Drug Dosages: Administration of Medications". W Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 4073–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_424.

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Nadia, Grandi. "Cardiac Medications: Dosages, Preparation and Administration". W Congenital Heart Disease, 105–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78423-6_5.

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Bhattacharjee, Himanshu, i Laura Thoma. "Parenteral drug administration". W Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms - Parenteral Medications, 7–29. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420086447-3.

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Grahame-Smith, D. G., i J. K. Aronson. "Practical applications of the analysis of drug therapy". W Oxford Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 57–67. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192632340.003.0006.

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Abstract A drug dosage regimen is a recipe for the administration of a drug so as to produce the desired therapeutic effect with the minimum of unwanted effects. A regimen can be described in terms of the dose of drug to be used, the frequency with which it is administered, the route of administration, and the formulation used. The simplest way of determining a drug dosage regimen for an individual patient is to base it on the published recommended dosage. Recommended dosages can be found in the Pharmacopoeia of this book, or in standard reference texts, such as the British National Formulary, the Physician’s Desk Reference, or manufacturers’ summaries of product characteristics (erstwhile data sheets). These recommendations generally have been derived from the results of studies of the pharmacokinetics of the drug and of dose–effect relationships, although in some cases they may have been derived empirically from simple clinical observations of the dosage that produces therapeutic benefit while minimizing unwanted effects.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Administration dosage"

"Intelligent Drug/Dosage Decision & Administration Using R-Pi SBC An Intravenous Pre-Operative Insulin Administration Scenario". W Dec. 14-16, 2016 Pattaya. Dignified Researchers Publication, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.dir1216015.

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Eesmaa, L., ÜH Meren, K. Luik i K. Sirkas. "INT-007 Administration of solid dosage forms to patients with dysphagia or via feeding tubes". W 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.388.

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Fenichel, R. L., W. Carmint, B. Small i J. Willis. "COMPARISON OF THE ANTITHROMBOTIC, ANTICLOTTING AND ANTIPLATELET AGGREGATORY ACTIVITIES OFLOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT RD HEPARIN WITH HEPARIN". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644854.

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An initial comparison of in vitro plasma anti-factor Xa (anti Xa) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) values of RD heparin with heparin based upon USP units shows increased anti Xa and decreased APTT activity of RD heparin. An ex vivo experiment in rabbits in which 100 USP units/kg of RD heparinand 200 USP units/kg of heparin, when given by the subcutaneous route, reflects the significantly increased anti Xa activity generated by RD heparin as wellas its longer duration of action. No significant difference in APTT activity was observed for the two heparins, but an increased anti Xa/APTT ratio (greaterthan two) was observed for the RD heparin. Heparin (10 yg/ml), but not RD heparin, potentiated adenosinediphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma. Subcutaneous administration of RD heparin or heparin to rabbits over the dosage range of 0.75 to 1.75 mg/kg gives similar mean dose response lines for these heparins in the thrombosis-stasis model as measured by the extent of jugular vein clotting. Administration of these heparins to rabbits on a USP unitage basis shows a significantly greater antithrombotic effect for RD heparin at 120 and 160 USP units/kg. Moreover, this experiment indicates that if the optimum dosage of 120 USP units/kgfor RD heparin is exceeded then we begin to see an indication of loss of antithrombotic activity.

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Lloyd, J. V., S. E. Rodgers, D. M. Siebert, F. Bochner, G. H. McIntosh i M. James. "PRESYSTEMIC DEACETYLATION OF LOW DOSES OF ENTERIC COATED ASPIRIN IN A PIG MODEL". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643856.

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The antithrombotic effect of aspirin might be enhanced if platelet cyclooxygenase could be inhibited in the portal ciculation while sparing cyclooxygenase in the systemic vascular endothelium. This might be achieved by modifying the dose and formulation to maximise presystemic aspirin clearance by the liver. To test this hypothesis low dose enteric coated aspirin (Astrix, 50mg single dose, lOOmg single dose and lOOmg daily for 1 week) was orally administered to pigs with permanent indwelling arterial and portal vein catheters. Plasma aspirin concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography in blood obtained simultaneously from the artery and portal vein for 6 hours after dosage. Platelet aggregation and thromboxane generation were measured in 4 pigs before and after the lOOmg chronic dosage regimen. Aortic prostacyclin production was measured in aspirin treated (lOOmg daily for 1 week) and untreated pigs after sacrifice. After the 50mg single dose the arterial:portal areas under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) ratio was 0.63±0.09 (n=6). In 3 pigs which received all 3 dosage regimens the arterial:portal AUC ratios were 0.48±0.05 after 50mg single dose, 0.52±0.02 after lOOmg single dose and 0.47+0.03 after lOOmg daily for 1 week. Platelet aggregation in response to sodium arachidonate (1.65mM) was completely abolished after chronic aspirin administration. Thromboxane production (pg/106 platelets) by this stimulus decreased from 536±117 before aspirin to 57±14 after aspirin (n=4; p=0.017). Aortic prostacyclin synthesis (ng/disc after 10 min incubation) was 1.66±0.28 (n=4) in untreated pigs and 0.97±0.25 (n=4) in treated pigs (p=0.06).With this slow release aspirin formulation there was substantial but incomplete clearance of aspirin by the liver. This may not be sufficient to spare cyclooxygenase in the systemic vessels from the effect of aspirin.

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Giassi, Karina, Renato Gorga Bandeira de Mello, Bruna Cambrussi de Lima, Gabriela Stahl, Raquel Almeida de Oliveira i Marina Siqueira Flores. "RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL COMPARING MORNING VERSUS NIGHT ADMINISTRATION OF LEVOTHYROXINE IN OLDER PERSONS". W XXII Congresso Brasileiro de Geriatria e Gerontologia. Zeppelini Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z2447-21232021res04.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of levothyroxine administration strategies in the treatment of hypothyroidism in older persons in a tertiary outpatient clinic. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial of older persons with a diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism who had been receiving levothyroxine for at least 6 months with a stable dose in the last 3 months. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two administration strategies: morning (1 hour before breakfast) or night (1 hour after the last meal). In a period ≥ 12 weeks, patients were instructed to cross over between strategies. Laboratory tests for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were performed at visit 0 (baseline), visit 1 (period ≥ 12 weeks), and visit 2 (completion — period ≥ 24 weeks); a standardized questionnaire was also applied. Preliminary analyses of the period before crossover are presented. RESULTS: The preliminary sample consisted of 98 patients, with a mean age of 71.26 (SD 7.12) years; 83.67% were women. Fifty-three patients started with the morning strategy and 45 with the night strategy, and one patient did not return for reassessment. Median TSH levels ranged from 2.74 (IQR 1.06–4.19) at baseline to 2.77 (IQR 0.75–4.41) after a 12-week follow-up in the morning group, and from 2.36 (IQR 1.48–4.85) to 2.28 (IQR 1.69–3.56) in the night group. Mean FT4 levels ranged from 1.44 (SD 0.39) to 1.42 (SD 0.36) in the morning group, and from 1.35 (SD 0.27) to 1.37 (SD 0.32) in the night group. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of levothyroxine at night was as effective as morning administration at controlling primary hypothyroidism in older persons. Therefore, this can be considered an alternative dosage strategy for the treatment of this condition.

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M.A., Khidirova, Khushvaktov E.M., Mamatraimova M.M., Tuychiyev K.S., Chistyakov V.A., Pepoyan A.Z. i Miralimova Sh.M. "BIOENCAPSULATION OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA IN BLACK SOLDIER (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) LARWAE". W II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.160-164.

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The encapsulation capacity of the larvae of Hermetia illucens was investigated in the study. Determined the optimal dosage and time of administration of a multicomponent probiotic composition consisting of lactobacilli. The hatched larvae of Hermetia illucens were incubated with the addition of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.8% of the probiotic preparation at the beginning of the incubation and during the last 3 days of incubation. The most effective accumulation of lactobacilli was observed when 0.4% of the preparation was added to the feed during the last two days of cultivation. The largest number of lactobacilli achieved in the intestine of one larva was 2-6x106 CFU.

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Poppv, S., A. Philapitsch, H. Murday, J. Fenyes i P. G. Kirchhoff. "CONTINUOUS PERIOPERATIVE ADMINISTRATION OF Cl-ESTERASE-INHIBITOR CONCENTRATE AND APROTININ IN CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644328.

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The results obtained in our randomised study in 3 groups of patients performed in 1982/83 suggested the administration of protease inhibitors to be effective in counteracting the activation of the kallikrein, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) thus lowering the rate of postoperative bleeding complications. Since Cl-esterase-inhibitor (Cl-INH) proved to be the main inhibitor of the kallikrein (KK) system and aprotinin that of plasmin further studies to investigate the efficacy of a combined treatment and to develop an improved dosage regimen were initiated in 1985.Pilot:1: 3 patients/aprotinin; pilot 2: 3 patients/Cl-INH Concentrate; pilot 3: 5 patients/Cl-INH Concentrate + aprotinin. Test parameters included: protein/Biuret; Cl-INH/rocket immune electrophoresis and chromogenic substrate method; kaolin induced kallikrein generation; plasminogen activation using streptokinase; plasmin inhibiton capacity; coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, and X; reptilase clotting time, thrombin time; platelets and the thrombelastogram.15 blood samples were taken at regular intervals over approx. 16 hours before, during and after surgery, as well as on the first and second postoperative day.Dosage in pilot 1 and 2 was 500 × 103 KIU aprotinin and 1500 PU Cl-INH, respectively, followed by the continous i.v. infusion of 125 × 103 KIU aprotinin/h and 125 PU CI-INH/h, respectively over approx. 16 hours. This regimen still appeared inadequate to prevent the activation of the KK and fibrinolytic system. In pilot 3 therefore, the continous infusion of both concentrates was increased by 100 % (250 × 103 KIU aprotinin/h + 250 PU Cl-INH/h), while the bolus-injection remained the same as in pilot 1 and 2. Using this optimised combined regimen parameters of the kallikrein, coagulation and fibrinolytic system remained almost unchanged compared to values obtained prior to ECC.

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Arnesen, K. E., G. F. Handeland, U. Abildgaard, P. Gottschalk, G. Stene-Larsen i D. W. T. Nilsen. "WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL DOSAGE OF LMW HEPARIN IN THE SC TREATMENT OF DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643593.

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LMW heparin (LMWH) is better suited for subcutaneous (sc) administration than is UF heparin due to higher bioavailability and slower elimination. Optimal dosage for sc treatment of DVT has not been defined. Our previous study suggested that LMWH should be given in doses according to bodyweight (bw), and that sc injection of 100 anti-Xa U/kg bw/12 hrs might result in therapeutic plasma levels (Holm et al. Haemostasis 16, supl 2,30-37, 1986). This dosage is now being evaluated in an open study including patients with venographically proven DVT. Excluded were patients with pulmonary embolism, thrombosis in the IIiacal vein and females beyond 70 yrs of age. LMWH (Fragmin) is administered sc for at least 5 days. Venography is repeated the last day of treatment and evaluated blindly (Marder score). Compared to the previous study in which doses were given according to age and sex, the present protocol results in more uniform and predictable heparin plasma concentrations : Peak concentration day 2 now ranged 0.40-0.75 U/ml (mean 0.58) (n = ll) as compared to the three-fold wider range (0.261.20 U/ml)(mean 0.57)(n = 29) in the previous study. The 12 hrs plasma heparin profile was determined on day 3. Peak concentrations in the 0.44-0.72 U/ml range were found 2.5-4 hrs after injection. The plasma heparin activity was subtherapeutic (< 0.2 U/ml) the last 3-6 hrs of the 12 hrs period. The heparin activity at the next injection averaged 0.05 U/ml (range 0-0.ll). Day to day variation of peak heparin activity in the individual patient, expressed as CV, ranged 11-22% and there was no heparin accumulation.Conclusions: SC treatment of DVT with LMWH 100 anti-Xa U/kg bw/12 hrs results in peak plasma heparin activity in the 0.40-0.75 U/ml range. The plasma heparin activity was below therapeutic level 3-6 hrs of the 12 hrs period indicating that a larger dose (250 U/kg bw/ 24 hrs divided into 2 or perhaps 3 injections) is preferable.

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Park, Juyoung, Peter M. Bungay, Robert J. Lutz, James J. Augsburger, Ronald W. Millard, Abhijit S. Roy i Rupak K. Banerjee. "Comparison of Convective Transport of Drug Between Intravitreal Injection and Controlled Release Implant". W ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59300.

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It is important to know the drug distribution following administration of drug in order to properly treat with adequate dosage and thus, avoid damage to tissues due to excessive high concentrations. A computer model was developed to determine drug distribution by convective-diffusive transport processes in a rabbit eye. When compared with pure diffusion within vitreous, the ratio of the amount of a model compound, fluorescein, reaching the retina to that cleared by aqueous outflow increased by 93% and 84% for intravitreal injection and implant, respectively, with maximum vitreous outflow (glaucomatous eye). The result shows that the combined “convective” effect due to the vitreous outflow and “wash out” effect by aqueous outflow has significant impact on drug distribution for both intravitreal injection and implant. These two effects should be considered in the design of drug delivery strategies.

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Khalikov, S. S. "FEATURES OF MECHANOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARASITOCIDES". W THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.498-502.

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The purpose of the research is to study the features of the mechanochemical modification of medicinal substances with low solubility in water. According to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, about 6% of medicinal substances belong to the group of insoluble medicinal substances, and about 47%, to practically insoluble medicinal substances, i.e. more than a half substances have problems with solubility, and therefore bioavailability and pharmacological activity. To achieve the therapeutic effect of such substances, it is necessary to deliberately increase the dosage of the substance, which increases the cost of the drug, as well as safety risks of pharmacotherapy. The work evaluated possibilities of mechanochemical modification of a number of known anthelmintic substances with low solubility to increase this parameter. It was shown that during machining of such substances in the presence of polymeric substances, solid dispersions were formed that had increased solubility while maintaining high anthelmintic activity with decreased dosage of the active substance. Preparations in the form of solid dispersions can be used both orally and by a group method to 10-20 animals, mixed with compound feed. For low-melting substances, a liquid-phase machining method is proposed to obtain stable suspension concentrates that are convenient for oral administration. The prospects for obtaining mixed compositions based on two substances are shown, which makes it possible to obtain combined preparations with a wide spectrum of action with the minimized volume and frequency of their use.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Administration dosage"

Zheng, You-you, Ning Liang, Long-kun Liu, Wei-jia Sun, Xue-hui Wang, Yu-xin Sun, Yun-ru Chen, Xiao-xia Han, Zhao-lan Liu i Jian-ping Liu. Effectiveness and Safety of Chinese Patent Medicine for Functional Constipation: A Systematic Review and Network-Meta Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0049.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of functional constipation by using the Network Meta-Analysis. 1. Types of participants: participants diagnosed as functional constipation according to Rome III, Rome IV or other published criteria or guidelines. No limitation on types of FC, age, sex, and nation. Children and pregnant women were excluded. Participants who had other constipation-related diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, functional defecation disorders and opioid-induced constipation were excluded. 2 Types of Interventions. Chinese patent medicine which have been registered with the approval batch number beginning with “Z,” approved by Chinese National Medical Product Administration (NMPA), used alone or in combination with Polyethylene Glycol, Lactulose, Bisacodyl, Prucalopride Succinate, probiotic, or Mosapride which recommended by latest clinical guidelines released by authorized organizations. The dosage, formulation, and route of administration of Chinese patent medicine were not limited. 3 Types of control. Registered Chinese patent medicines used alone, Polyethylene Glycol, Lactulose, Bisacodyl, Prucalopride Succinate, probiotic, Mosapride which recommended by latest clinical guidelines released by authorized organizations or placebo were eligible. 4 Types of outcomes. Primary outcomes were the clinical effect, score of dyschezia and defecation time. Secondary outcomes were adverse events and recurrence rate. 5 Types of study design. Parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Conference abstracts were excluded if full articles were not available.

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Oh, SangHyeon, Seoyong Choi i Jee-Eun Chung. Comparative efficacy and safety of reduced dose of DOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0073.

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Review question / Objective: To compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE), mortality and bleeding in AF patients with reduced-dose DOACs. Rationale: Although each DOAC has its dose reduction criteria, many physicians still prefer to prescribe the reduced-dose DOACs, regardless of label adherence. However, inappropriate administration of DOACs is an important clinical problem because patients may not benefit from the recommended DOAC dose to prevent stroke and systemic embolism. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and mortality in AF patients with reduced-dose DOACs. Condition being studied: Adult patients with AF taking DOACs or Warfarin.

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Juni, Peter, Ashleigh R. Tuite, Issac I. Bogoch, Adalsteinn D. Brown, Yoojin Choi, Bruno R. da Costa, Gerald A. Evans i in. Rollout Strategy for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Ontario. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.06.1.0.

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Administering Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine during the early stage of the vaccine rollout (January/February 2021) to as many individuals as possible would prevent more COVID-19 cases in Ontario as compared to reserving half of the initial allotments as second booster doses (Figure 1). On-label use of the vaccine with the administration of two doses is important, as the second dose significantly boosts the immune response and results in a substantial increase in neutralizing antibodies. However, using 100% of the initial allotments immediately to vaccinate as many individuals as possible does not preclude on-label use with two doses, even though the interval between first and second booster dose may become longer than 21 days.

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Dohlman, Tyler M., Marianna Jahnke, James West, Patrick E. Phillips i Patrick J. Gunn. Effects of Label-Dose Permethrin Administration on Reproductive Function and Embryo Quality on Superovulated Beef Heifers. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-588.

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Blanchard, A. Derived Intervention Levels for Tritium Based on Food and Drug Administration Methodology Using ICRP 56 Dose Coefficients. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7962.

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Martínez Villarreal, Déborah, Lina M. Díaz i Stanislao Maldonado. Nudging the Trendsetters: Increasing Second-dose HPV Vaccination in Bogota, Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005331.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of dynamic norm nudges in promoting second-dose HPV vaccinations among trendsetters--parents who initiated the first-dose HPV vaccine for their daughters between 2017-2020. Utilizing administrative data from Bogota's Secretariat of Health in a field experiment, we measure the impact of various norm nudges, including trending, qualitative, and quantitative dynamic norms, on actual vaccination rates. Contrary to our hypothesis, dynamic norms alone fail to influence second-dose HPV vaccination rates for these trendsetters. However, the study reveals a 5.22 percent increase attributed to injunctive norms, representing a substantial 34 percent boost compared to the control groups 15.2 percent average. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring nudge strategies to the unique characteristics and preferences of the target population. This research significantly advances our understanding of norm-based interventions' efficacy in influencing minority behaviors, offering valuable insights for developing targeted and impactful public health strategies.

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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto i Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of different corticosteroids to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0023.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different corticosteroids to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best preoperative option to control postoperative inflammatory complications? 2) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain, edema, and trismus induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).

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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto i Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0069.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).

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Cho, Sang-Joon, Jin-Sook Lee, Eric D. Mathias, Sender Lkhagvadorj, Lloyd L. Anderson, Ching Chang i Gerard J. Hickey. Central and Peripheral Administration of Growth Hormone Secretagogue L-692-585, Somatostatin, Neuropeptide Y and Galanin in Pig: Dose-dependent Effects on Growth Hormone Secretion. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, styczeń 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-840.

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zheng, che, jiawen xu i bin shen. The optimal dose, efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid and aminocaproic acid in intravenous and intra-articular administrations to reduce bleeding for patients after TKA: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0060.

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