Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Adjuvant

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Adjuvant”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 25 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Adjuvant"

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Bhatnagar, Noopur, Ki-Hye Kim, Jeeva Subbiah, Bo Ryoung Park, Pengfei Wang, Harvinder Singh Gill, Bao-Zhong Wang i Sang-Moo Kang. "Adjuvant Effects of a New Saponin Analog VSA-1 on Enhancing Homologous and Heterosubtypic Protection by Influenza Virus Vaccination". Vaccines 10, nr 9 (24.08.2022): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091383.

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Adjuvants can increase the magnitude and durability of the immune response generated by the vaccine antigen. Aluminum salts (Alum) remain the main adjuvant licensed for human use. A few new adjuvants have been licensed for use in human vaccines since the 1990s. QS-21, a mixture of saponin compounds, was included in the AS01-adjuvanted Shingrix vaccine. Here, we investigated the adjuvant effects of VSA-1, a newly developed semisynthetic analog of QS-21, on promoting protection in mice after vaccination with the inactivated split virus vaccine. The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on improving vaccine efficacy after prime immunization were evident as shown by significantly higher levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers and enhanced homologous protection compared to those by QS-21 and Alum adjuvants. The adjuvant effects of VSA-1 on enhancing heterosubtypic protection after two doses of adjuvanted vaccination were comparable to those of QS-21. T cell immunity played an important role in conferring cross-protection by VSA-1-adjuvanted vaccination. Overall, the findings in this study suggest that VSA-1 exhibits desirable adjuvant properties and a unique pattern of innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to improved homologous and heterosubtypic protection by inactivated split influenza vaccination in mice.
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Sayers, Samantha, Guerlain Ulysse, Zuoshuang Xiang i Yongqun He. "Vaxjo: A Web-Based Vaccine Adjuvant Database and Its Application for Analysis of Vaccine Adjuvants and Their Uses in Vaccine Development". Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/831486.

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Vaccine adjuvants are compounds that enhance host immune responses to co-administered antigens in vaccines. Vaxjo is a web-based central database and analysis system that curates, stores, and analyzes vaccine adjuvants and their usages in vaccine development. Basic information of a vaccine adjuvant stored in Vaxjo includes adjuvant name, components, structure, appearance, storage, preparation, function, safety, and vaccines that use this adjuvant. Reliable references are curated and cited. Bioinformatics scripts are developed and used to link vaccine adjuvants to different adjuvanted vaccines stored in the general VIOLIN vaccine database. Presently, 103 vaccine adjuvants have been curated in Vaxjo. Among these adjuvants, 98 have been used in 384 vaccines stored in VIOLIN against over 81 pathogens, cancers, or allergies. All these vaccine adjuvants are categorized and analyzed based on adjuvant types, pathogens used, and vaccine types. As a use case study of vaccine adjuvants in infectious disease vaccines, the adjuvants used inBrucellavaccines are specifically analyzed. A user-friendly web query and visualization interface is developed for interactive vaccine adjuvant search. To support data exchange, the information of vaccine adjuvants is stored in the Vaccine Ontology (VO) in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) format.
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Hsu, Shiou-Chih, Kun-Hsien Lin, Yung-Chieh Tseng, Yang-Yu Cheng, Hsiu-Hua Ma, Ying-Chun Chen, Jia-Tsrong Jan, Chung-Yi Wu i Che Ma. "An Adjuvanted Vaccine-Induced Pathogenesis Following Influenza Virus Infection". Vaccines 12, nr 6 (23.05.2024): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12060569.

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An incomplete Freund’s adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the induction of a higher specific antibody titer than other adjuvanted formulations. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants have not induced any pathogenic signs in a variety of formulations with glycolipids. A glycolipid, α-galactosyl ceramide, improved a stimulatory effect of distinct adjuvanted formulations on an anti-influenza A antibody response. In contrast to α-galactosyl ceramide, its synthetic analogue C34 was antagonistic toward a stimulatory effect of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a specific antibody response. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone could confer complete vaccine-induced protection against mortality as well as morbidity caused by a lethal challenge of the same strain of an influenza A virus. The research results indicated that adjuvants could reshape immune responses either to improve vaccine-induced immunity or to provoke an unexpected pathogenic consequence. On the basis of these observations, this research connotes the prominence to develop a precision adjuvant for innocuous vaccination aimed at generating a protective immunity without aberrant responses.
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Volosnikova, E. A., D. N. Shcherbakov, V. V. Ermolaev, N. V. Volkova, O. N. Kaplina, M. B. Borgoyakova i E. D. Danilenko. "Development of a vaccine adjuvant based on squalene and study of its adjuvant properties". Medical Immunology (Russia) 25, nr 3 (1.06.2023): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-doa-2824.

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The use of modern subunit vaccines involves adjuvant introduction into their composition. Currently, the search for new and improvement of existing adjuvant systems is actively underway. Squalene- based adjuvants are well-known and approved in a number of countries for clinical use in influenza vaccines. Our study was devoted to the development of an adjuvant composition on the basis of squalene. The resulting adjuvants were composed in a form of oil emulsion containing a hydrophilic and hydrophobic phase. The stability of the emulsion was achieved by treating it with ultrasound at a frequency of 22 kHz. Particle sizes of the obtained emulsions were examined with the use of an electron microscope. The particle size was calculated to be 50-80 nm for the majority of particles (84%). Adjuvant activity was evaluated in 100 male Balb/C mice, weighing 16-18 g. To assess the humoral immune response, immunization was performed twice, with a 14-day interval, by intramuscular injection of 200 mL per animal. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the surface S protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Delta variant (B.1.617.2)) or ovalbumin (OVA) from chicken eggs were used as antigens. RBD was administered at a dose of 50 mg/animal; OVA was administered at two doses (1 mg or 5 mg/animal). An antigen with aluminum hydroxide was used as a positive control; a saline solution was used as a negative control. The effectiveness of the obtained adjuvants was determined by measuring the titers of specific antibodies in mouse sera in ELISA assays using the recombinant RBD of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein or ovalbumin from chicken eggs. It was shown that the use of squalene-based adjuvants increased the antigens’ immunogenicity. The average titers of specific antibodies against RBD in the experimental group were 4 times higher than in the group immunized with RBD adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide. An increase in immunogenicity of the antigen adjuvanted with squalene was also observed in the experimental OVA-group. Thus, it was shown that the developed squalene-based adjuvant compositions could be an alternative to the traditional adjuvants based on aluminum salts.
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Mancini, Rock, Aaron Hendricksen, Austin Ryan, Hector Aguilar-Carreno i Shahrzad Ezzatpour. "Modulating vaccine inflammation with thermophobic trehalose glycolipid adjuvant polymers". Journal of Immunology 210, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2023): 158.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.158.04.

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Abstract Adjuvants drive the efficacy of many vaccines, however, they also elicit undesirable inflammation which is commonly pyrogenic resulting in local or systemic increases in temperature. Based on this, we envisioned that inversely coupling adjuvant potency to small (~2 °C) temperature changes could be a uniquely effective approach to balance efficacy while maintaining safety and tolerability. Here we report the first Thermophobic Adjuvant Polymers (TAPs) that reversibly attenuate potency in response to temperature. TAPs consisted of co-polymers containing both trehalose glycolipid adjuvant and thermoresponsive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) subunits. In an Influenza A/California/04/2009 virus vaccine mouse model, TAPs were effective adjuvants. Mice immunized with TAPs adjuvanted vaccine exhibited increased neuraminidase neutralizing antibodies, lymph CD4 +T cells, and CD4 +/44 +/62L +lung central memory T cells. Protection after viral rechallenge was comparable between TAPs and alum adjuvanted vaccines. At 37 °C in-vitro, TAPs elicited cytokine profiles comparable to other glycolipid adjuvants in the JAWSII cell line and primary CD11c +BMDCs. Relative to 37 °C, inflammation (TNF-α and IL-6) was enhanced at 35 °C and abrogated at 39 °C. DLS and NOESY-NMR suggest that the temperature-dependent activity is due to intramolecular hydrophobic shielding between the adjuvant and NIPAM which is enhanced beyond the lower critical solution temperature. Overall, this study demonstrates TAPs are an effective influenza vaccine adjuvant and elicit inflammation which is inversely linked to temperature. We envision this approach could be extended to many other adjuvants to enhance efficacy while maintaining safety and tolerability. Supported by grants from NIH (1R01CA234115), AAI (Careers in immunology fellowship), and the Washington Research Foundation.
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Isaacs, Ariel, Zheyi Li, Stacey T. M. Cheung, Danushka K. Wijesundara, Christopher L. D. McMillan, Naphak Modhiran, Paul R. Young, Charani Ranasinghe, Daniel Watterson i Keith J. Chappell. "Adjuvant Selection for Influenza and RSV Prefusion Subunit Vaccines". Vaccines 9, nr 2 (20.01.2021): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020071.

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Subunit vaccines exhibit favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles and can be designed to mimic native antigen structures. However, pairing with an appropriate adjuvant is imperative in order to elicit effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal adjuvant pairing with the prefusion form of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) subunit vaccines in BALB/c mice in order to inform future subunit vaccine adjuvant selection. We tested a panel of adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide (alhydrogel), QS21, Addavax, Addavax with QS21 (AdQS21), and Army Liposome Formulation 55 with monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21 (ALF55). We found that all adjuvants elicited robust humoral responses in comparison to placebo, with the induction of potent neutralizing antibodies observed in all adjuvanted groups against influenza and in AdQS21, alhydrogel, and ALF55 against RSV. Upon HA vaccination, we observed that none of the adjuvants were able to significantly increase the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells when compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant highlights that those adjuvants most suited for pairing purposes can vary depending on the antigen used and/or the desired immune response. We therefore suggest that an adjuvant trial for different subunit vaccines in development would likely be necessary in preclinical studies.
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Lee, Youri, Eun-Ju Ko, Young-Tae Lee, Ki-Hye Kim, Young-Man Kwon i Sang-Moo Kang. "A unique adjuvant combination modulates immune responses preventing vaccine-enhanced pulmonary histopathology after vaccination with fusion protein and challenge with respiratory syncytial virus". Journal of Immunology 200, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2018): 180.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.180.28.

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Abstract Vaccination of young children with alum-adjuvanted formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (FI-RSV) induced vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) after natural infection during epidemic season, resulting in hospitalizations and two deaths. There is no licensed RSV vaccine. VED was also observed in previous reports with fusion (F) protein RSV vaccines and adjuvants including oil-in-water emulsion, delta-inulin, and natural killer T cell agonist α-GalCer. In this study to search for adjuvants preventing RSV VED, we investigated a novel combination of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL TLR4 agonist) and oligodeoxynucleotide CpG (CpG TLR9 agonist) in the RSV F protein vaccination. RSV specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing titers, and controlling RSV lung viral loads after challenge were similarly observed in the alum and MPL+CpG adjuvant groups of mice that received a single dose prime immunization with RSV F protein vaccine. Analysis of IgG isotypes and cytokines suggested the induction of T helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses by inclusion of MPL+CpG adjuvant in contrast to alum adjuvant biasing Th2 type immune responses. Most importantly, lung histopathology and infiltration of inflammatory innate immune cells (eosinophils, neutrophils) were not observed after F protein vaccination with MPL+CpG adjuvant whereas severe lung histopathology was induced after alum adjuvanted F protein vaccination and RSV challenge. The results in this study suggest a novel adjuvant approach to improve efficacy and safety of RSV subunit vaccines.
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Burakova, Yulia, Rachel Madera, Lihua Wang, Sterling Buist, Karen Lleellish, John R. Schlup i Jishu Shi. "Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs". Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (27.11.2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8979838.

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Subunit vaccines consisting of highly purified antigens require the presence of adjuvants to create effective and long-lasting protective immunity. Advances on adjuvant research include designing combination adjuvants which incorporate two or more adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Previously, an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (OW-14) composed of mineral oil and an inexpensive gum Arabic emulsifier has been reported demonstrating enhanced and robust immune responses when used as an adjuvant in swine subunit vaccines. This study presents a modified version of OW-14 prepared with food-grade Quillaja saponin extract (OWq). In new OWq emulsion, saponin extract served as an emulsifier for stabilization of emulsion droplets and as an immunoactive compound. The use of saponins allowed to reduce the required amount of emulsifier in the original OW-14. However, emulsion stabilized with saponins demonstrated extended physical stability even at elevated temperature (37°C). The two-dose vaccination with a classical swine fever virus (CSFV) glycoprotein E2-based vaccine formulated with OWq produced higher levels of E2-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibodies in pigs in contrast with animals that received the vaccine adjuvanted with oil only. In addition, new OWq adjuvant was safe to use in the vaccination of pigs.
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Yam, Karen, Jyotsana Gupta, Elizabeth Allen i Brian Ward. "Adjuvanted influenza vaccines in young and aged BALB/c mice (166.25)". Journal of Immunology 188, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2012): 166.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.166.25.

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Abstract Although the available influenza vaccines are generally safe, they are far from ideal. They have reduced efficacy in the most at risk groups: the very young and the elderly. To address such concerns, the vaccine industry is increasingly turning its attention to the use of adjuvants to enhance the immune responses generated by these vaccines. During the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza outbreak, an adjuvanted influenza vaccine was selected for administration to Canadians; it was formulated with the oil-in-water adjuvant AS03 and consisted of 1/4 the usual antigen dose of vaccine. This study investigated the immune responses generated following immunization with adjuvanted influenza vaccines in aged and young mice. We tested two ages of BALB/c mice (2 months, 1.4 years), two doses of Influenza A/Uruguay H3N2 split vaccine (0.75ug, 3ug), and two adjuvants (alhydrogel, AS03). The use of an adjuvant increased serum HAI titers compared to vaccination with unadjuvanted vaccine. We found no significant difference in using the high dose of vaccine antigen with both adjuvants. At the low dose of vaccine, the AS03 adjuvant gave significantly higher HAI titers in both age groups. Finally, aged mice given a low dose of the AS03-adjuvanted split vaccine showed significantly lower HAI titers than young mice. We are identifying additional differences between the immune responses of young and aged mice with an overall goal to be able to design more effective vaccines, especially for the elderly.
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Sanchez, Pedro L., Greiciely Andre, Anna Antipov, Nikolai Petrovsky i Ted M. Ross. "Advax-SM™-Adjuvanted COBRA (H1/H3) Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines". Vaccines 12, nr 5 (24.04.2024): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12050455.

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Adjuvants enhance immune responses stimulated by vaccines. To date, many seasonal influenza vaccines are not formulated with an adjuvant. In the present study, the adjuvant Advax-SM™ was combined with next generation, broadly reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines that were designed using a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology. Advax-SM™ is a novel adjuvant comprising inulin polysaccharide and CpG55.2, a TLR9 agonist. COBRA HA vaccines were combined with Advax-SM™ or a comparator squalene emulsion (SE) adjuvant and administered to mice intramuscularly. Mice vaccinated with Advax-SM™ adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines had increased serum levels of anti-influenza IgG and IgA, high hemagglutination inhibition activity against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses, and increased anti-influenza antibody secreting cells isolated from spleens. COBRA HA plus Advax-SM™ immunized mice were protected against both morbidity and mortality following viral challenge and, at postmortem, had no detectable lung viral titers or lung inflammation. Overall, the Advax-SM™-adjuvanted COBRA HA formulation provided effective protection against drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Adjuvant"

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CIRELLI, ELISA. "Co-adjuvant effect of retinoic acid in combination with systemic adjuvants on mucosal vaccine immunization". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/203188.

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La grande maggioranza dei patogeni invade l’ospite o causa malattie attraverso le mucose. Lo sviluppo di nuove strategie di immunizzazione per indurre risposte immunitarie a livello delle mucose è ampiamente richiesto. Attualmente, sono disponibili pochi vaccini mucosali, nessuno dei quali è costituito da proteine ricombinanti o subunità di patogeni, questo principalmente a causa della mancanza di adiuvanti mucosali potenti e sicuri. Dato il ruolo cruciale dei metaboliti della vitamina A, come l’acido retinoico (RA), nel conferire alle cellule del sistema immunitario la capacità di migrare nei distretti mucosali, e di promuovere il differenziamento di cellule che producono IgA, i metaboliti della vitamina A sono potenziali molecole candidate per migliorare le risposte immunitarie a livello delle mucose. In questo studio, sono state investigate nuove strategie di immunizzazione per amplificare le risposte immunitarie sia sistemiche che mucosali tramite la somministrazione di RA. In una prima fase, abbiamo osservato che il trattamento con RA sinergizza con la tossina colerica (CT), nell’aumentare le risposte antigene (Ag)-specifiche mucosali e sistemiche in seguito ad un’immunizzazione intranasale. Nel corso di questi esperimenti, abbiamo osservato che la somministrazione dell’Ag intranasale in assenza di adjuvante era in grado di generare una risposta a livello mucosale in topi che erano stati trattati con RA. Ci siamo quindi chiesti se tale risposta potesse essere amplificata in seguito ad un boost sistemico con l’Ag in combinazione con un adjuvante sistemico. Abbiamo osservato che la combinazione di un priming mucosale con Ag da solo, seguito da un boost sistemico con Ag e Alum, induce risposte mucosali e sistemiche durevoli nel tempo. In una seconda fase, abbiamo valutato gli effetti della somministrazione di RA in concomitanza con una vaccinazionsistemica utilizzando un vaccino a subunità contro la tubercolosi. Tale vaccino è composto da un adjuvante sistemico CAF01 e da un Ag di fusione derivato da tre proteine antigeniche di Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), H56. Abbiamo osservato che il trattamento con RA promuove la risposta anticorpale Agspecifica sia sistemica (IgG) che mucosale (IgA) e determina la colonizzazione dei distretti mucosali da parte dei linfociti T CD4+ Ag-specifici. Infine, abbiamo valutato gli effetti di RA sulla protezione verso un challenge con il ceppo virulento di Mtb (H37Rv) di topi immunizzati con il vaccino a subunità CAF01/H56. Abbiamo osservato che l’immunizzazione sistemica con CAF01 e H56 in presenza di RA ha un impatto sul contenimento della crescita di Mtb a livello polmonare 14 giorni dopo l’infezione. Inoltre, è stata rilevata una più alta produzione di citochine pro-infiammatorie nei polmoni di topi immunizzati con CAF01 e H56 24 ore dopo l’infezione. In conclusione, questo approccio che ha lo scopo di generare le risposte a livello sistemico ed indirizzarle nei distretti mucosali utilizando modulatori della migrazione cellulare come l’RA, potrebbe contribuire a far progredirela ricerca degli adiuvanti. Risposte mucosali potrebbero essere generate utilizzando gli adiuvanti sistemici disponibili in assenza di adiuvanti mucosali.
The vast majority of pathogens invade the host through or cause disease at mucosal surfaces. Development of novel immunization strategies suitable for mucosal vaccines is widely desired to protect against infectious diseases. However, very few mucosal vaccines are available for human use, none of which are recombinant proteins or subunits of pathogens, owing to the lack of potent and safe mucosal adjuvants. Given the crucial role of Vitamin A metabolites, such as retinoic acid (RA) in imprinting a mucosal homing capacity on T and B cells, as well as its potential to promote the differentiation of IgA-producing plasma cells, RA holds potential as a candidate molecule to improve mucosal vaccinations. In this study, we investigated new strategies of immunization to amplify both systemic and mucosal immune responses by administering RA. First, we observed that treatment with RA synergises with the adjuvant capacity of cholera toxin (CT) to enhance both systemic and mucosal Ag-specific immune responses. The combination of mucosal priming with Ag alone, followed by a boost with systemic adjuvant was also evaluated. Mice treated with RA showed a higher titer of mucosal IgA compared to untreated mice, after intranasal priming with Ag followed by a systemic boost with Ag plus Alum. After eight months, higher IgG Ag-specific antibodies in the serum and a higher frequency of Ag-specific IgG and IgA secreting cells were detected in the bone marrow of mice treated with RA as compared to untreated mice. Higher percentages of proliferating CD4 and CD8 T cells upon Ag stimulation were found in the spleens, in the mesenteric lymph nodes and in the colonic lamina propria of mice treated with RA. Next, we evaluated the effects of RA on systemic vaccination with a subunit vaccine against tuberculosis. This vaccine includes CAF01 as adjuvant and the mycobacterial derived fusion protein H56. We found that mice treated with RA as compared with untreated ones, showed enhanced mucosal (IgA) H56 mycobacterial fusion proteinspecific antibody responses and enhanced Ag-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes harbouring the lung after systemic immunization with the TB subunit vaccine. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of RA on protection against challenge with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain after systemic vaccination with the TB subunits vaccine (CAF01 and H56). Vaccination with BCG was included in the experiment as control. We found that immunization with CAF01 and H56 in presence of RA leads to a lower bacterial colonization in the lungs 14 days after challenge as compared to control mice. Furthermore, higher pro-inflammatory cytokine production, such as IFNγ and IL-17 was found in the lung of mice immunized with CAF01 and H56 in presence of RA 24h after Mtb infection. Therefore, we hypothesize that the mucosal immune responses elicited during vaccination in presence of RA could have an impact on the containment of bacterial growth in the lungs. This approach can contribute to progress beyond the state of the art in adjuvant research by achieving mucosal immunity in the absence of mucosal adjuvants.
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Critchley, P. H. S. "Adjuvant therapy in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598153.

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Tigno-Aranjuez, Justine Daphne Tiglao. "Adjuvant Guided T cell Responses". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244035297.

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Fasquelle, François. "Etude de la délivrance d’antigènes dans les voies aériennes en utilisant des nanoparticules de maltodextrine lipidées". Thesis, Lille, 2020. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDBSL/2020/2020LILUS024.pdf.

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L’administration de vaccins par voie muqueuse (orale et nasale) est une alternative efficace aux injections classiques. En effet, au-delà d’une plus grande compliance pour les patients et les soignants, ces voies ont l’avantage de déclencher une immunité dite muqueuse, grâce à la présence d’un système immunitaire propre (aussi appelé MALT pour Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue). Ce MALT est situé à la surface des épithélia de revêtement. Il est différencié en îlots distinguables, les Follicular Associated Epithelium (FAE), et est constitué de cellules épithéliales spécialisées dans la surveillance et le prélèvement de pathogènes, les cellules M. Celles-ci surplombent une zone riche en cellules présentatrices d’antigènes (CPA) et lymphocytes, les Interfollicular Regions (IFR). Ainsi lors d’une infection, les cellules M sont capables de prélever et transloquer des fragments antigéniques vers les CPA, qui initieront la réponse immunitaire auprès des lymphocytes. Cette réponse se traduira par une immunité humorale et cellulaire au niveau de l’épithélium infecté, au niveau des muqueuses plus distantes, mais aussi au niveau systémique. Comme la majorité des infections se produisent au niveau des muqueuses, cette stratégie d’immunisation est de plus en plus étudiée.Si les antigènes sous-unitaires sont moins toxiques que les vaccins vivants, ils sont aussi moins immunogènes, et leur administration nécessite la présence d’un adjuvant pour stimuler efficacement les CPA et initier une réponse immunitaire forte. Or, par la voie des muqueuses, les molécules immunomostimulantes classiquement utilisées pour les voies injectables (par exemple les toxines bactériennes, le LPS ou encore certaines émulsions) sont souvent reportées comme étant toxiques. L’utilisation de systèmes de délivrance pour vectoriser les antigènes jusque dans les CPA semble donc être une alternative séduisante.On distingue deux types de vecteurs d’antigènes : les particules immunomodulatrices, et les systèmes de délivrance purs. Les premiers délivrent les antigènes dans les CPA, et en parallèle, stimulent fortement les voies pro-inflammatoires, pour orienter la balance immunitaire Th1/Th2. Parmi ces vecteurs, les plus utilisés en tests cliniques sont les virus-like particles (VLP), les émulsions à base de saponines (ISCOMs) ou les liposomes contenant des éléments bactériens (MPL, CpG…). En revanche, leur utilisation par voie muqueuse, et notamment nasale, est confrontée aux mêmes risques de toxicité que les adjuvants classiques. Les systèmes de délivrance purs, quant à eux, n’améliorent l’immunogénicité des antigènes qu’en les délivrant dans les cellules, mimant ainsi une infection naturelle. Et bien qu’ils soient mieux tolérés par les muqueuses, leur efficacité doit s’orienter vers une pénétration du mucus, ainsi qu’une association, protection et délivrance des antigènes dans les CPA bien plus performantes.Durant cette thèse, nous avons ainsi étudié les mécanismes permettant à des nanoparticules (NPs) de maltodextrine cationiques et lipidées (NPL) de délivrer des antigènes par voie nasale.Nous avons tout d’abord évalué la capacité des NPL à franchir le mucus des voies respiratoires, en comparaison avec des nanoparticules mucopénétrantes (des PLGA recouvertes de PEG, ou PLGA-PEG) et des nanoparticules mucoadhérentes (des PLGA recouvertes de chitosan, ou PLGA-CS). En mesurant le déplacement des différentes NPs dans du mucus respiratoire reconstitué, nous avons observé que, grâce à la présence du coeur de phospholipides anioniques, la NPL était capable de se déplacer dans le mucus, contrairement aux PLGA-CS qui restaient immobiles [...]
The mucosal routes of immunization present several advantages compared to classical injection routes. Indeed, besides a better compliance towards patients, these routes possess their own immune system, also known as the Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT), able to trigger a local mucosal response after immunization. This tissue is mainly located in the nasal and intestinal mucosa, where it is spread in small extents called Follicular Associated Epithelium (FAE). On their apical surface, the FAE contain specialized epithelial microfold cells (or M cells), whose role is to survey potential infections by sampling pathogenic fragments, and which overlay a lymphocyte and antigen presenting cells (APC) zone. Then, when an infection occurs, M cells sample and translocate antigenic fragments to CPA, which could therefore trigger lymphocyte maturation and the initiation of the subsequent immune response. This activation will lead to both humoral and cellular immunity in the infected epithelium and could also spread to distant mucosa. As many pathogens infect the body through mucosa, this way of immunization is often considered.Adjuvants are frequently added to subunit vaccines to enhance their immunogenicity toward APC. Indeed, despite their lower toxicity, they are also less immunogenic than live-attenuated vaccines. However, the administration of classical adjuvanting molecules, such as toxins or immunostimulating emulsions, via mucosal routes, has often led to serious adverse effects. Therefore, the alternative use of delivery systems to deliver antigen in APC after mucosal administration is more and more studied.Antigen delivery systems include immunomodulating particles, and inert delivery systems. The first ones can enhance the mucosal antigen bioavailability by vectorizing antigens to APC, and at the same time trigger intracellular pro-inflammatory pathways, to drive the Th1/Th2 immune balance. Among them, virus-like particles (VLP), saponin-based emulsions (ISCOMs) or MPL-containing liposomes are the most represented in clinical trials. However, their mucosal administration can lead to the same adverse effects than classical immunostimulating molecules. In parallel, true delivery systems can enhance the antigens immunogenicity by increasing their intracellular delivery, thus mimicking a natural infection. They are therefore far less toxic for the mucosa than immunomodulating particles but need to be more efficient in the mucus penetration, in the antigen association and in the APC intracellular delivery.During this thesis, we deciphered the mechanisms allowing cationic and lipidated maltodextrine nanoparticles (NPL) to deliver antigens after nasal administration.We first evaluated the ability of NPL to cross the airway mucus barrier, compared to mucopenetrant particles (PEG-coated PLGA or PLGA-PEG) and mucoadherent particles (chitosan-coated PLGA or PLGA-CS), by measuring their displacement in reconstituted mucus. We observed that in presence of the phospholipid core, the NPL were able to move in the mucus, while PLGA-CS NPs remained stuck in the gel. Moreover, we observed that the NPL uptake and the protein delivery in airway epithelial cells were not impaired by the presence of mucins, contrary to PLGA-CS that were hindered by the mucins, and to PLGA-PEG which were not taken up by the cells, due to their neutral surface charge. We finally demonstrated that the NPL mucopenetration was allowed thanks to steric and repulsive electrostatic forces between the anionic phospholipid core and the mucins.In parallel, we studied the mechanisms allowing the NPL to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit antigens after nasal administration, with a highlight on the importance of the NP’s density [...]
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Holm, Barbro. "Pathogenetic studies of adjuvant-induced arthritis /". Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-347-3/.

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Krashias, George. "Adjuvant for vaccination against HIV-1". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531970.

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Morton, Dion. "Adjuvant screening in familial adenomatous polyposis". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260328.

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Rathbone, Emma Jane. "Adjuvant bisphosphonates in early breast cancer". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22679/.

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Breast cancer is commonly associated with bone metastases, with approximately 70% of patients dying from breast cancer having radiological evidence of skeletal involvement. Median survival after diagnosis on bone metastases can be 2-3 years and therefore patients are at a high risk for the development of skeletal-related events. Consequently, research in both the laboratory and the clinic has addressed the potential for bone targeted agents to reduce the risk of developing skeletal metastases. The AZURE clinical trial is an international randomised phase III clinical trial that recruited 3360 early breast cancer patients in which participants received either 19 doses of zoledronic acid (ZOL) in 5 years or observation. No other clinical trial has undertaken such an intensive schedule of adjuvant bisphosphonates and therefore the safety and longer term sequelae were imperative to investigate should the drug become a standard of care. This thesis describes sub-studies undertaken in AZURE participants to investigate i) the incidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw (a recognised complication of bisphosphonates) and oral health-related quality of life and ii) a quantitative bone scanning technique to describe the effects the intensive schedule of zoledronic acid on bone remodelling and how this changes with time. Finally, the use of bone-related biomarkers (1,25-OH vitamin D, P1NP, CTX and 1CTP) measured in serum collected at baseline (before commencing zoledronic acid) have been investigated for their prognostic and predictive potential. The principal findings described in this thesis are: i) relatively low rate of osteonecrosis of the jaw (2.1%) with no significant impact or oral health r-related quality of life; ii) patients with elevated bone turnover markers at baseline are at increased risk of bone metastasis but these markers cannot be used to identify patients who will benefit from zoledronic acid; iii) bone turnover continues to be significantly suppressed in the axial skeleton 2 years after the cessation of zoledronic acid. The quality of the safety data presented in this thesis has contributed to the introduction of bisphosphonates into standard practice in the UK and across the globe.
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Kho, Sunn Sunn Patricia. "Optimising Adjuvant Treatment for Colorectal Cancer". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9470.

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The aim of the thesis is to optimize adjuvant treatment for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. CRC treatment has improved over the decades resulting in improved overall survival of patients. The 5-year overall survival for CRC in the US between 1975 – 1979 was 50.6% while by 2004; it had improved to 65.9%. This is largely due to improvements in surgical and radiation techniques, screening initiatives and more effective chemotherapy drugs. However, when compared to the 5-year overall survival for breast cancer in 2004 of 89.9% (SEER data), it is clear that further improvements in CRC treatment are needed. This thesis evaluated different approaches to further improve overall survival rates and to reduce the acute and late toxicities associated with adjuvant treatment. One of the approaches was to attempt to personalize treatment for colorectal cancer patients using prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The group of patients selected for review were Stage C colon and rectal patients as the risk of recurrence is very high and the 5 year overall survival remains poor at 28% for colon cancer and 33% for rectal cancer. In this era of personalized medicine, the hope is to be able to tailor treatment regimens according to the patient and disease stage to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy. A retrospective analysis of the survival of Stage C rectal cancer patients in a public teaching hospital who received adjuvant chemotherapy after a curative resection was conducted to evaluate the role of adjuvant chemotherapy alone without radiotherapy. An original research study evaluating the role of a candidate marker, s100A4 in the treatment of Stage C colon cancer was also performed to evaluate the possible role of a new candidate biomarker s100A4 in the prognostication of Stage C colon cancer.
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Freitas, Fabio Alessandro de. "Avaliação de adjuvantes como estratégia para aumentar a produção da vacina influenza no Instituto Butantan". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46137/tde-29092015-121836/.

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Influenza, também conhecida como gripe, é uma doença infecciosa viral que acomete um grande número de indivíduos anualmente, sendo responsável por um elevado número de internações e óbitos. O agente etiológico é o Myxovirus influenzae, vírus envelopado, de RNA de fita simples e polaridade negativa. A vacinação é a forma mais eficaz de se prevenir a infecção pelo vírus, no entanto, a capacidade produtiva dessa vacina não é suficiente para a vacinação da totalidade da população mundial, principalmente em casos de pandemia. Esse projeto teve por objetivo desenvolver uma vacina influenza (fragmentada e inativada) adjuvada, visando aumentar a capacidade produtiva dessa vacina no Instituto Butantan, que hoje é estimada em aproximadamente 40 milhões de doses por campanha. A utilização de adjuvantes na formulação da vacina influenza é capaz de produzir a mesma resposta imunológica protetora contra esse vírus, utilizando uma quantidade menor dos antígenos vacinais, aumentando a capacidade de produção da vacina em até quatro vezes. Foram estudadas 23 formulações adjuvantes utilizando o esqualeno como referência (formulação similar ao MF59®, adjuvante desenvolvido pela Novartis), vitaminas lipossolúveis (vitaminas A, D e E), vitamina B2 (vitamina hidrossolúvel), MPLA (monofosforil lipídio A, produzido pelo Instituto Butantan como subproduto da vacina pertussis low) e gel de hidróxido de alumínio. Para tanto, foram avaliadas a resposta imune conferida a camundongos BALB/c após imunização com diferentes formulações de vacina influenza (fragmentada e inativada) adjuvada e a existência, ou não, de toxicidade induzida pelas formulações vacinais estudadas. As formulações vacinais mais promissoras farão parte das formulações candidatas para realizações de ensaios clínicos. Os animais foram imunizados por via intraperitoneal com as formulações vacinais e foram colhidas amostras de sangue para ensaios sorológicos (inibição de hemaglutinação e ELISA) e células esplênicas para avaliação celular (dosagem de citocinas por citometria de fluxo: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 TNF-α e INF-γ). Além disso, em um dos experimentos avaliou-se a formação de memória imunológica contra influenza, parâmetro importante em se pensando em uma vacina. Os três primeiros experimentos foram uma triagem a partir da qual selecionaram-se as melhores formulações que foram testadas no último experimento. Nele foram avaliados além da indução de resposta imune a toxicidade e a memória imunológica. Todas as 23 formulações estudadas induziram resposta minimamente protetora nos animais, com exceção da formulação contendo apenas MPLA como adjuvante. As formulações que se mostraram mais promissoras continham além do gel de AI(OH)3 MPLA de B. pertussis ou vitamina B2. Isso sem considerar o tocoferol (vitamina E), que embora tenha apresentado bons resultados acabou preterido em decorrência de sua potencial relação com casos de narcolepsia descritos na literatura. O teste de memória foi capaz de demonstrar que essas formulações produzem resposta de memória imunológica duradoura. Assim, tem-se resultados promissores para novos estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos com a vacina influenza (fragmentada e inativada) sazonal (trivalente).
Influenza, also known as flu, is a viral infectious disease that infects a large number of people annually, being responsible by large morbidity and mortality rates. The etiologic agent is the Myxovirus influenzae, an enveloped virus with single-stranded RNA and negative polarity. Vaccination is the best way to prevent the virus infection; however, the production capacity of this vaccine is not sufficient to vaccinate the entire world population, especially in cases of pandemics. This project aimed to develop an adjuvanted influenza vaccine (split and inactivated), increasing the productive capacity of this vaccine in Instituto Butantan, which is estimated in approximately 40 million of doses by campaign. Influenza vaccines formulated with adjuvants can produce the same protective immunological response against the virus using less amount of antigen increasing the production capacity of this vaccine up to four times. Twenty-three adjuvants containing fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D and E), vitamin B2 (water-soluble vitamin), MPLA (monophosphoryl lipid A, produced by Instituto Butantan as a byproduct of pertussis low vaccine production) and aluminum hydroxide gel were studied. An adjuvant similar to MF59® (Novartis adjuvant) containing squalene was used as control. The immune response elicited in BALB/c mice after immunization with the different formulations of the influenza vaccine and the existence or not of toxicity induced by the vaccines formulations were studied. The most promising formulation will be part of the candidate formulations of clinicai trials. The animais received the vaccine formulations intraperitoneally and at specific days blood samples were taken to serological tests (hemagglutination inhibition and ELISA). At the end, they were euthanized to collect the spleens and splenic cells were cultivated to evaluate cytokines by flow cytometry: IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 TNF-α and INF-γ. Furthermore, in one experiment the immunological memory against influenza was evaluated, an important parameter to vaccines. The most promising formulations contained besides to alum either B. pertussis MPLA or B2 vitamin. Tocopherol (vitamin E) presented good results too, however it has a potential relationship with reported cases of narcolepsy. The memory test was able to demonstrate that these formulations induced long lasting immune memory response. Thus, these are promising results for new pre-clinical and clinical trials with seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (split and inactivated).
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Książki na temat "Adjuvant"

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International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer. (5th 1987 Tucson, Ariz.). Adjuvant therapy of cancer V. Orlando: Grune & Stratton, 1987.

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1945-, Benvenuto Antonio, red. Immunologic adjuvant research. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, 2009.

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International, Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (1st 1985 Paris France). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy =: Chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante : proceedings of the first International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy held in Paris (France), 6-9 November, 1985. London: Libbey, 1986.

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International, Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2nd Paris France). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy =: Chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante : proceedings of the Second International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy held in Paris (France), 19-21 February 1988. London: Libbey, 1988.

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1936-, Salmon S. E., red. Adjuvant therapy of cancer VII: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer, Tucson, Arizona, March 1993. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1993.

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International, Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer (6th 1990 Tucson Ariz ). Adjuvant therapy of cancer VI: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer, Tucson, Arizona, March 7-10, 1990. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990.

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International, Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer (8th 1996 Scottsdale Ariz ). Adjuvant therapy of cancer VIII: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer, Scottsdale, Arizona, March, 1996. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997.

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International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (2nd 1988 Paris, France). Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy =: Chimiothérapie néo-adjuvante : proceedings of the first International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy held in Paris (France), 19-21 February 1988. Paris: INSERM, 1988.

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Castiglione, Monica, i Martine J. Piccart, red. Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75115-3.

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Henderson, I. Craig, red. Adjuvant Therapy of Breast Cancer. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3496-9.

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Części książek na temat "Adjuvant"

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Adjuvant". W Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_70.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Adjuvant". W Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_70-2.

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Fentiman, Ian. "Adjuvant Therapy". W Male Breast Cancer, 115–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04669-3_9.

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Kunkler, Ian. "Adjuvant Radiotherapy". W Management of Breast Cancer in Older Women, 175–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11875-4_11.

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Petit, T. "Adjuvant! Online". W Cancer du sein, 283–89. Paris: Springer Paris, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0245-9_23.

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Franzmann, Elizabeth J. "Adjuvant Chemotherapy". W Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 53–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_148.

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Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer i in. "Adjuvant Chemotherapy". W Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 40–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_148.

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Nahler, Gerhard. "adjuvant chemotherapy". W Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 3. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_28.

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Curigliano, Giuseppe, Angela Esposito i Carmen Criscitiello. "Adjuvant Chemotherapy". W Breast Cancer Management for Surgeons, 439–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56673-3_36.

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Zeger, Erik L., i Richard M. Goldberg. "Adjuvant Chemotherapy". W Surgical Techniques in Rectal Cancer, 97–109. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55579-7_6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Adjuvant"

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Conrad, ML, AO Yildirim, SS Sonar, A. Kilic, S. Sudowe, M. Lunow, R. Teich, H. Renz i H. Garn. "The Benefits of the Adjuvant-Free Murine Experimental Asthma Model. Adjuvant and Adjuvant-Free Protocols Produce Similar Phenotypes." W American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4223.

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Farache Trajano, Luiza, Rebecca Moore i Quentin Sattentau. "The Presence of Chemical Cross-Linking Stabilises HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Antigens in a Model of Intramuscular Immunisation". W Building Bridges in Medical Science 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.03.001.4.

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Background: The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the target of antigen design for antibody- based vaccination. In 2019, four trimeric Env vaccines entered an experimental trial: ConM, ConS, and their cross-linked counterparts. The trimers were formulated with MPLA adjuvant. Studies have demonstrated that adjuvants trigger neutrophil infiltration. Neutrophils activate and degranulate releasing proteases, namely elastase and cathepsinG. Aims: To assess the stability and immunogenicity of these vaccines in the presence of adjuvant- recruited neutrophils and their proteolytic enzymes. Methods: Trimers were incubated with commercially-sourced proteases. To analyse stability, samples were reduced, denatured and separated using gel electrophoresis. To assess antibody binding, a trimer-protease incubation was followed by an ELISA. To establish more physiologically relevant conditions, harvested neutrophils were exposed to various adjuvants. The supernatant, shown to contain elastase, was incubated alongside the vaccines. The reducing and denaturing gels, as well as the ELISA, was repeated. Results: Gel analysis revealed that un-crosslinked trimers underwent significant digestion whereas cross-linking conferred enhanced stability. In the presence of neutrophil-sourced protease-containing-supernatant, trimers displayed resistance to digestion. The differential stability profile of Env trimers when exposed to commercially sourced compared to supernatant- derived proteases may be due to the inhibitory effect of human serum on elastase. Antibody epitopes were maintained in vitro. Conclusion: The vaccine antigens are sensitive to enzymatic degradation. This is reduced by cross-linking and human serum.
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Dall, P., T. Koch, G. Lenzen, T. Kuhn, C. Hielscher, D. Reichert, M. Maasberg, P. Ehscheidt, H. Eustermann i G. Fischer. "P1-12-21: Adjuvant Trastuzumab Treatment without Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer." W Abstracts: Thirty-Fourth Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 6‐10, 2011; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p1-12-21.

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Winer, E. "The Evolving Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy." W Abstracts: Thirty-Second Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 10‐13, 2009; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-cs1-2.

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Meyer, Bianca dos Santos, Lélisa Pereira Oliveira, Carlos Antônio da Silva Franca, Reynaldo Real Martins Júnior i Antônio Belmiro Rodrigues Campbell Penna. "IMPACT OF DELAYED ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY ON BREAST CANCER". W XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1044.

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Introduction: In documents from the Brazilian Society of Radiotherapy, quantitative analysis revealed that radiotherapy sessions, when performed, have not been timely. The average waiting time between the diagnosis data and the start of radiotherapy has been, on average, 113.4 days — which can consistently affect the chances of being cured for many patients. In some regions, waiting time is even longer; not infrequently, patients are treated with outdated methods and unprecision machines. Radiotherapy in Brazil is in a critical situation, especially with regard to the care of patients assisted by the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS). The main problems that contribute to this scenario are related to inadequate description and poor installation capacity, both from the point of view of the number of devices and their geographic distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether delaying the initiation of adjuvant radiotherapy is related to decreased survival in women with breast cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive, and longitudinal study (cross section) of patients admitted to the CRI/IBO, Niterói, RJ, all from SUS. Through the review of medical records, 81 patients were selected. Only patients diagnosed with stage IIb (T3N0) breast malignancy according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM 8th (AJCC) were included. The analysis was performed by the time taken to start the radiotherapy after the initial treatment, which was treated by conservative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the timing of radiotherapy after the initial treatment: 6 months. Results: In the data analysis, it was observed that 70 (86.4%) patients did not have disease recurrence, while 11 (13.6%) patients had tumor recurrence. The average time between the end of the last chemotherapy day and the start of adjuvant radiotherapy was 6.1 months (1–12/95%CI 5.5–6.8, SD±2.9). Referring patients to those who provide adjuvant radiotherapy at 6 months (group B), we have 36 patients (44.4%) in group A and 45 patients (55.6%) in group B. In group A (36 patients), 34 patients (94.4%) did not have tumor recurrence and 2 (5.6%) did have tumor recurrence. In group B (45 patients), 36 (80%) patients did not have tumor recurrence and 9 (20%) did have tumor recurrence, with p=0.0001. Bearing in mind that the objective of the study is disease-free survival in 5 years, the mean follow-up time of patients was 69.8 months (51–92/95%CI 68.2–71.3, SD±7.0). It was evaluated that patients who had adjuvant radiotherapy in less than 6 months had a longer survival than patients who had more than 6 months (p <0.001). Therefore, patients with a delay of more than 6 months in the initial adjuvant radiotherapy treatment had an impact on the 5-year disease-free survival. Conclusion: This study is not conclusive, but we were able to observe data that show a worsening in the patient’s survival and prognosis in relation to the delay in the radiotherapy treatment. However, the waiting time for radiotherapy should be as short as reasonably possible, as there is a possibility that this delay will cause worse disease control rates.
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Kashiwagi, Satoshi. "Near-infrared laser adjuvant for mass vaccination". W Biophotonics and Immune Responses XVI, redaktor Wei R. Chen. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2583904.

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Melnik, R. N., M. I. Dunin, N. V. Melnik i V. N. Borovoi. "ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF ADJUVANT COMPLEXES". W НАУЧНЫЕ ОСНОВЫ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА И ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ. Лосино-Петровский: Б. и., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47804/9785899040313_2022_56.

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Goyal, A., B. Mann i AM Thompson. "Abstract PD8-05: POSNOC - Positive sentinel node: Adjuvant therapy alone versus adjuvant therapy plus clearance or axillary radiotherapy". W Abstracts: 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; December 4-8, 2018; San Antonio, Texas. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-pd8-05.

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Esteban, Jorge Illarramendi, Montserrat Alvarellos, Mercedes Rodriguez, Amaya Zabalza i José Juan Illarramendi. "IRON OVERLOAD IN A BREAST CANCER PATIENT WITH A HOMOZYGOUS MUTATION IN THE HFE HEMOSTATIC IRON REGULATOR GENE: CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF ADJUVANT HORMONE THERAPY". W Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2022. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s2082.

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Introduction: Homozygous mutations in the HFE gene are among the causes of iron overload worldwide. Several reports suggest an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) in these patients, although there are controversial evidences on this subject. There is some discussion on the tolerance to some BC adjuvant therapies in these patients regarding aspects like the potential cardiotoxicities. Information on adjuvant hormone therapy in this setting is very limited. Case report: A 65-year- -old woman was treated with segmental resection in the left breast and selective biopsy of the sentinel node in April 2019. Pathology showed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma of 1.2 cm, grade 1, with two negative sentinel nodes. Estrogen receptor was 100%, progesterone receptor was 20%, Her2/neu was 1+, and Ki-67 was 15%. A previous diagnosis of hemochromatosis was done in October 2018 with a high transferrin saturation and a genetic analysis disclosing a homozygous C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. Regular phlebotomies every 3 months were scheduled for the treatment of the iron overload. Several points were considered for the selection of the adjuvant hormone therapy. Articular damage is a common complication of hemochromatosis. In fact, a hip prosthesis was implanted in 2018 for our patient with severe coxarthrosis. There was some risk of further articular impairment with aromatase inhibitors (AI). Furthermore, AI may have an androgenic effect, with some effect on the red cell mass. On the contrary, tamoxifen may increase the risk of porphyria crises in patients with hemochromatosis. We selected letrozole as adjuvant therapy, with good articular tolerance and fair hematological control after nearly 3 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Although homozygous HFE mutations may increase the risk of some adverse events related to BC adjuvant hormone therapy, the tolerance to letrozole in our patients has been very good, without raising further concerns.
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Khalil, DN, i JG Schneider. "Abstract P2-09-38: Role of Oncotype 21 Gene Assay and Adjuvant! Online in Breast Cancer Adjuvant Treatment Decisions". W Abstracts: Thirty-Third Annual CTRC‐AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium‐‐ Dec 8‐12, 2010; San Antonio, TX. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p2-09-38.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Adjuvant"

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Christians, Nick, i Dan Strey. Kalo Fungicide/Adjuvant Trial. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-58.

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Gupta, Tejpal, Riddhijyoti Talukdar, Sadhana Kannan, Archya Dasgupta, Abhishek Chatterjee i Vijay Patil. Meta-Analysis of Standard Temozolomide versus Extended Adjuvant Temozolomide following concurrent Radiochemotherapy in newly-diagnosed Glioblastoma (MASTER-G). INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, grudzień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0114.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of extended adjuvant temozolomide compared to standard adjuvant temozolomide after concurrent radiochemotherapy in patients with newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. Condition being studied: Newly-diagnosed glioblastoma. Eligibility criteria: Prospective clinical trials randomly assigning patients to extended (>6-cycles) adjuvant TMZ (experimental arm) or standard (6-cycles) adjuvant TMZ will be included. Randomization in an individual study may have been done upfront before concurrent phase (RT/TMZ), after completion of concurrent RT/TMZ and before starting adjuvant phase, or after completion of standard adjuvant TMZ (6-cycles). Emulated RCTs, quasi-randomized trials, propensity matched analyses, non-randomized comparative studies, or observational studies will not be considered in this review.
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Peto, Richard. ATLAS: Adjuvant Tamoxifen Longer Against Shorter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360842.

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Peto, Richard, i Richard Gray. Atlas: Adjuvant Tamoxifen Longer Against Shorter. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, październik 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341583.

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Fuqua, Suzanne A. Predicting Response to Adjuvant Therapy With Tamoxifen. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada392649.

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Foroughi, Pezhman. Tracked Ultrasound Elastography for Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy Monitoring. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552868.

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Thompson, James R., i Barry W. Brown. A Stochastic Model Providing a Rationale for Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, sierpień 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455199.

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Mudge, Christopher R., Kurt D. Getsinger i Benjamin P. Sperry. Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44540.

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Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6% to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention were most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33%, 46%, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1,870 L ha⁻¹), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field condition.
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Hudachek, Susan F. Predicting the Toxicity of Adjuvant Breast Cancer Drug Combination Therapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574076.

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Hudachek, Susan F. Predicting the Toxicity of Adjuvant Breast Cancer Drug Combination Therapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzec 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada577102.

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