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Elwardani, Ghada Ezzeldin, Tarek Abdel Hamid Harhash, and Ahmed Abbas Zaky. "Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG on Remineralization Using CPP - ACPF (MI - Paste Plus) after Enamel Erosion Caused by Carbonated Soft Drink in Primary Teeth: In-Vitro Study." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 7 (2019): 1184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.256.
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BACKGROUND: Erosion is a widespread phenomenon with higher predilection in primary dentition.
 AIM: The aim of the present study is to assess the remineralising effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser application combined with CPP-ACPF after erosive demineralisation by Coca-Cola in primary teeth.
 METHODS: Fifty teeth (n = 10) were divided into; Group I: Artificial saliva, (Saliva natural, Medac, UK), Group II: CPP-ACPF (MI Paste Plus, GC Corp, USA), Group III: Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase iPlus, USA), Group IV: CPP-ACPF + Er,Cr:YSGG, Group V: Er,Cr:YSGG + CPP-ACPF. Teeth were immersed in Coca-Cola for 10 min, 5 times/day for 5 days. DIAGNOdent (DD) measurements were taken before and after the experiment.
 RESULTS: There was a significant increase in DD readings after erosive-treatment cycles in all test groups. The highest reading was in samples immersed in artificial saliva, and the lowest was in those subjected to combined CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, regardless of the sequence used. There was no significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva, and after CPP-ACPF application. Similarly, there was no significant difference between samples treated by combined treatment of CPP-ACPF and Er,Cr:YSGG application. However, there was a significant difference between samples immersed in artificial saliva or treated with CPP-ACPF application and those subjected to combined treatment CPP-ACPF along with Er,Cr:YSGG.
 CONCLUSION: Combining Er,Cr:YSGG laser and CPP-ACPF paste significantly increased enamel remineralisation, regardless of the sequence implemented. Saliva naturally and CPP-ACPF application had a comparable effect on remineralisation.
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Dazé Querry, Natasha, Xavier Bordeleau, Karen A. Harper, and Sean P. Basquill. "Multiscale habitat characterization of herbaceous Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora on lakeshores in Nova Scotia." Botany 95, no. 6 (2017): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0267.
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Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF) are a group of plants mostly inhabiting lakeshores along the Atlantic coast of the United States, with disjunct populations in Nova Scotia and Ontario. To better define their ecological requirements, the main objective of this study was to determine the factors (biotic and abiotic habitat components) influencing ACPF communities (distribution, species abundance, and richness) at both the landscape and local scales. On 16 lakeshores in southwestern Nova Scotia, we characterized ACPF communities and habitat within 20 cm square contiguous quadrats distributed along 20 m transects (landscape scale) and in 5 m × 5 m grids (local scale). Performing redundancy analysis (n = 16 transects), we found that at the landscape scale, shoreline slope and shrub species distribution influenced the quantity of suitable habitat available for ACPF, with mineral shorelines supporting higher ACPF richness. Using spatial generalized linear mixed models (n = 3125 quadrats in five grids), we found that elevation, vegetation elements (shrubs, sundews, graminoids), and substrate type mostly influenced ACPF presence and abundance. ACPF also showed inter-specific differences in habitat preferences. Defining ACPF ecological requirements at both the landscape and local scales is important to guide conservation and management actions in Nova Scotia and throughout their North American range.
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Ghanim Rahman, Rafal, and Ban Sahib Diab. "Efficacy of different remineralization agents on microhardness and chemical composition of enamel white spot lesion." F1000Research 13 (May 17, 2024): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149166.1.
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Background White spot lesions (WSLs) are frequently linked with low microhardness and mineral content changes. several strategies have been employed to deal with these problems. This investigation aimed to analyze the microhardness and mineral content changes after remineralization with bioactive glass (BAG) and casein phospho-peptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Methods Twenty sound maxillary first premolars extracted were used to obtain a total of one hundred enamel samples. forty enamel slabs were split into four experimental groups (n = 10 each): Group I, BAG; Group II, BAG+CPP-ACPF; Group III, CPP-ACPF varnish; and Group IV, artificial saliva (negative control). To create artificial WSLs, all samples were preserved in a prepared demineralizing agent for 72 h before treatment with remineralizing agents. Vickers microhardness test was performed. Additionally, 60 enamel samples were selected for analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and assigned to six experimental groups; the first four groups were similar to that used in the microhardness test along with Group V: WSLs, and Group VI: baseline. The statistical analyses employed in this study included Tukey’s HSD (p<0.05), one-way ANOVA, and Shapiro-Wilk. Result Regarding surface microhardness, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group showed the most favorable recovery, which was better than the outcomes of the BAG and CPP-ACPF groups. A statistically significant change (p <0.05) was not observed between them. Similarly, for mineral content change, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group demonstrated the greatest result, The BAG group came next, and the CPP-ACPF group came last. Conclusion The BAG+CPP-ACPF group might be regarded as the best course of treatment for enhancing both the surface microhardness and mineral content (Ca, P), while the control group (Artificial saliva) showed the least satisfactory results in comparison. After demineralization, mineral content and microhardness decreased in all samples. Therefore, BAG+CPP-ACPF significantly improved the surface microhardness and mineral content.
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Ghanim Rahman, Rafal, and Ban Sahib Diab. "Efficacy of different remineralization agents on microhardness and chemical composition of enamel white spot lesion." F1000Research 13 (September 3, 2024): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.149166.2.
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Background White spot lesions (WSLs) are frequently linked with low microhardness and mineral content changes. several strategies have been employed to deal with these problems. This investigation aimed to analyze the microhardness and mineral content changes after remineralization with bioactive glass (BAG) and casein phospho-peptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Methods Twenty sound maxillary first premolars extracted were used to obtain a total of one hundred enamel samples. forty enamel slabs were split into four experimental groups (n = 10 each): Group I, BAG; Group II, BAG+CPP-ACPF; Group III, CPP-ACPF varnish; and Group IV, artificial saliva (negative control). To create artificial WSLs, all samples were preserved in a prepared demineralizing agent for 72 h before treatment with remineralizing agents. Vickers microhardness test was performed. Additionally, 60 enamel samples were selected for analysis using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and assigned to six experimental groups; the first four groups were similar to that used in the microhardness test along with Group V: WSLs, and Group VI: baseline. The statistical analyses employed in this study included Tukey’s HSD (p<0.05), one-way ANOVA, and Shapiro-Wilk. Result Regarding surface microhardness, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group showed the most favorable recovery, which was better than the outcomes of the BAG and CPP-ACPF groups. A statistically significant change (p <0.05) was not observed between them. Similarly, for mineral content change, the BAG+CPP-ACPF group demonstrated the greatest result, The BAG group came next, and the CPP-ACPF group came last. Conclusion The BAG+CPP-ACPF group might be regarded as the best course of treatment for enhancing both the surface microhardness and mineral content (Ca, P), while the control group (Artificial saliva) showed the least satisfactory results in comparison. After demineralization, mineral content and microhardness decreased in all samples. Therefore, BAG+CPP-ACPF significantly improved the surface microhardness and mineral content.
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Wiryani, Miftah, Billy Sujatmiko, and Rini Bikarindrasari. "Pengaruh lama aplikasi bahan remineralisasi casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) terhadap kekerasan email." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 2, no. 3 (2016): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.11250.
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The effect of application time of CPP-ACPF on enamel hardness. Remineralization process can increase the hardness of enamel due to demineralization process. CPP-ACPF is a material used for enhancing remineralization. However, the application time of CPP-ACPF remain controversial among previous studies. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of various application times of CPP-ACPF on enamel hardness. Thirty premolar teeth were mounted on self cure acrylic resin, and were divided into 5 groups. Demineralization process was performed, and enamel hardness (pre-est) was measured by Vickers Hardness Tester. Remineralization was performed using CPP-ACPF in various application times: 3, 15, 30, 60 minutes, and the control group was only immersed in artificial saliva for 60 minutes, then enamel hardness was measured (posttest). Data were analyzed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Bonferroni. The result of paired t-test showed that all the groups, except the control group, have an increasing enamel hardness that was statistically significant. One-way ANOVA results showed no statistically significant difference among the groups at pretest, but one-way ANOVA results showed statistically significant difference at posttest. Post hoc Bonferroni showed that the significantly difference at posttest occurred between all the treatment groups against the control group, but there were no significant differences between the 3 minutes group to 15 minutes group, between 15 minutes group to 30 minutes group, and between 30 minutes group to 60 minutes group. It was concluded that various application times of CPP-ACPF had an effect on increasing enamel hardness. ABSTRAKProses remineralisasi dapat meningkatkan kekerasan email yang menurun akibat demineralisasi. Bahan remineralisasi yang ideal adalah CPP-ACPF. Terdapat perbedaan lama aplikasi CPP-ACPF dalam berbagai penelitian, selain itu total lama aplikasi yang dibutuhkan CPP-ACPF dalam mekanisme remineralisasi belum diketahui. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama aplikasi CPP-ACPF terhadap kekerasan email. Tiga puluh mahkota gigi premolar yang ditanam dalam resin akrilik self cure dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, kemudian dilakukan proses demineralisasi. Kekerasan email kemudian diukur menggunakan alat Vickers Hardness Tester. Proses remineralisasi menggunakan CPP-ACPF dilakukan pada masing-masing kelompok dalam berbagai lama aplikasi yaitu 3 menit, 15 menit, 30 menit, 60 menit, serta perendaman dalam saliva buatan selama 60 menit (kontrol). Kekerasan email kemudian diukur kembali (posttest). Data diuji secara statistik menggunakan t-test berpasangan, one-way ANOVA dan post hoc Bonferroni. Hasil paired t-test menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok, kecuali kelompok kontrol, mengalami peningkatan rata-rata kekerasan email secara signifikan. Hasil uji one-way ANOVA pada pretest menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kekerasan email yang signifikan. Hasil uji one-way ANOVA pada posttest menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kekerasan email yang signifikan. Hasil uji post Hoc Bonferroni menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kekerasan email yang signifikan pada seluruh kelompok perlakuan terhadap kelompok kontrol, tetapi perbedaan kekerasan email antara kelompok lama aplikasi 3 menit dengan 15 menit, antara lama aplikasi 15 menit dengan 30 menit, serta antara lama aplikasi 30 menit dengan 60 menit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan kekerasan email yang signikan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah berbagai lama aplikasi CPP-ACPF berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan kekerasan email.
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Yuan, Yongping, and Samantha Whisenant. "Integrating ACPF and SWAT to Assess Potential Phosphorus Loading Reductions to Lake Erie: A Case Study." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 39, no. 6 (2023): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.15644.
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Highlights ACPF is a user-friendly, flexible tool used to spatially identify site-specific placement opportunities for a menu of ACPs. ACPF can be integrated with SWAT to evaluate the potential effectiveness of proposed ACP opportunities. 40% reduction of TP can be achieved with a combination of ACP opportunities. ACPs were less effective in reducing SRP, compared to sediment and TP. Abstract. Lake Erie is threatened by eutrophication and harmful algal blooms due to excess nutrient loading from agricultural sources. To reduce nutrient loading to Lake Erie, widespread adoption of agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) has been proposed. However, identifying appropriate and effective locations for ACP placement has been challenging. Another challenge is understanding how effective the ACPs are in reducing nutrient loading and achieving water quality goals. Therefore, identifying the most effective ACPs, as well as spatially optimal placement of ACPs to achieve the maximum environmental benefit, is of paramount importance. The main objective of this study was to integrate the Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to assess the potential effectiveness of ACPs developed by ACPF in reducing phosphorous losses from an agriculturally dominated small watershed within the Western Lake Erie Basin. ACPF was used to develop a series of ACP opportunity plans, which were then integrated into a calibrated SWAT model. SWAT simulation of ACPF developed ACP opportunity plans for grassed waterways (GWs), contour buffer strips (CBSs), water and sediment control basins (WASCOBs), nutrient removal wetlands (NRWs), and farm ponds (FPs) revealed various reductions in sediment, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and total phosphorus (TP) at the watershed-scale. The simulation of individual ACP opportunity plans revealed that GW resulted in the greatest annual average SRP and TP reductions (19% and 30%, respectively), followed by CBS (16% and 22%), and WASCOB (13% and 16%); NRWs were the most effective at reducing sediment (56%) but increased SRP (27%). Combined GW, CBS, and WASCOB opportunity plans resulted in the greatest reduction of SRP (34%), while the combination of all ACP opportunity plans resulted in the greatest reduction of TP (49%) and sediment (78%). Keywords: ACPF, Agricultural Conservation Practice, Effectiveness, Lake Erie, Phosphorus reduction, Prediction, Spatial placement, SWAT modeling.
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Zhang, Xiao Ying, Ning Ding, and Chen Li. "Applications of Homotopy Algorithm for Solving Optimal Power Flow of Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1627.
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This paper introduces an homotopy algorithm which has convergence stability to solve the alternating current optimal power flow problem. The complicated Alternating Current Power Flow (ACPF) can simplify as simple Direct Current Power Flow (DCPF). The homotopy participation factor is introduced into the linear DCPF to make DCPF convert back into ACPF gradually to realize Alternating Current Power Flow Homotopy method (ACPFH). The homotopy curves are generated to solve a series of nonlinear problems.The traditional method can not solve the unstable points,because the calculate process always turn up Jacobian matrix.But the Homotopy method can calculate all results. It is a superiority for Homotopy,and then can explore power system problem more entirety.This novel algorithm is different from Newton - Raphson method, because it isnt sensitive to the initial point selection and has the global convergence.The homotopy algorithm is applied to IEEE - 3, 9, 14, 30, 36, 57, 118 node testing systems for power flow optional calculation, the simulation results show that the novel algorithm can solve power flow problem better and its calculating speed is much faster than the traditional algorithm, it can calculate the optimal value more direct.
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Bardellini, Elena, Francesca Amadori, Laura Rosselli, Maria Luisa Garo, Alessandra Majorana, and Giulio Conti. "Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: Optimizing Treatment Protocols for Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Dentistry Journal 12, no. 6 (2024): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12060186.
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Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common challenge in pediatric patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH), stemming from enamel porosity or exposed dentin after enamel breakdown. This three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of three different desensitizing treatment protocols. The study was conducted on 39 children, aged 6–14 years old, with MIH and DH. Group A received casein phosphopeptide plus amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) mousse and sham light therapy, Group B received placebo mousse and photo-bio-modulation therapy (PMBT), and Group C received both CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT. DH evaluation using a visual analogue scale was performed at multiple time points. Both CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT individually demonstrated desensitizing effects on dental elements affected by MIH. While PMBT had a greater immediate effect, the combination of the two therapies proved most effective in reducing DH. The VAS scores were statistically lower in group C compared to groups A and B, both after the first session (p = 0.0001) and after 28 days (p = 0.0005). This study suggests promising avenues for managing DH in MIH patients, highlighting the potential of combined therapies, specifically CPP-ACPF mousse and PMBT, for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Gumenyuk, S. A., G. V. Sheptunov, and V. I. Potapov. "Interaction of aviation medical teams with ambulance, emergency medical care teams and hospitals in the management of mechanically ventilated patients." Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-2-27-35.
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Relevance. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) and acute cardiopulmonary failure (ACPF) are unavoidable, and often – the leading syndromes in any critical condition, especially in case of multiple organ failure syndrome as a regular stage in the course of previously incurable conditions. Even a full range of intensive care measures in this category of patients does not always give the desired result. According to various authors, with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, the mortality rate reaches 80 %.Intention is to determine the role of the aviation medical teams of the emergency medical service-disaster medicine in ensuring the timely availability of high-tech methods for patients who need them, regardless of the patient’s location.Methodology. Activities of the aviation medical teams of the Scientific and Practical Center for Emergency Medical Care of the Moscow City Health Department for the medical evacuation of patients and victims in emergency situations with ARF and ACPF were analyzed.Results and Discussion. There were analyzed interactions of aviation medical teams with the emergency medical response units of the territorial center for disaster medicine and with medical organizations during the medical evacuation of patients with ARF and ACPF. An algorithm and a scheme of interaction between air medical teams are proposed to optimize medical evacuation of these patients.Conclusion. An analysis of the activities of air medical teams revealed their advantages in providing care for patients with ARF and ACPF.
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Špirko, Vladimír. "Potential Energy Curve of N2 in Its Ground Electronic State." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 6 (2005): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20050731.
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The potential energy curve of N2 is constructed by morphing a very accurate (r12)-MR-ACPF ab initio potential within the framework of the reduced potential curve (RPC) approach of Jenč and Plíva. The actual morphing is performed by fitting the RPC parameters to highly accurate experimental ro-vibrational data. The resulting potential energy curve is in a close harmony with these data allowing thus for reliable prediction of the so-far unknown molecular states. The (r12)-MR-ACPF reduced potential is also used as a reference for fitting less accurate SR-CCSD and RMR-CCSD theoretical data of Li and Paldus (Li X., Paldus J.: J. Chem. Phys. 2000, 113, 9966). Though not fully quantitative, the fittings reveal high coincidence of the CCSD reduced potentials with their reference (r12)-MR-ACPF counterpart evidencing thus physical adequacy of the probed CCSD methods for rationalizing experimental data by means of the RPC approach.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Rini Bikarindrasari, and Mutiara Nur Fauziah. "The Effect Of Isotonic Solution Immersion On Tooth Enamel Hardness After Topical Application Of CPP-ACPF And fTCP." Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi 9, no. 1 (2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jkg.v9i1.8199.
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Introduction: The addition of topical CPP-ACPF and fTCP on tooth enamel can improve enamel hardness due to remineralization process. Demineralization can occur during acid environment in the oral cavity and enamel hardness can decrease. Objective: To determine the effect of isotonic solution immersion and compare tooth enamel hardness after CPP-ACPF and fTCP application. Methods: Thirty six crowns of maxillary first premolars were divided into three groups, each consisted of 12 tooth crowns. The baseline hardness of each sample (pre-test) was tested using Vicker’s Hardness Tester Digital. Afterwards, CPP-ACPF was applied to group A, fTCP was applied to group B, and artificial saliva to group C (control) for 24 hours, then the hardness was re-assessed (post-test 1). Immersion in isotonic solution was conducted for 24 hours to simulate demineralization process, then enamel hardness was re- assessed (post-test 2). Results: Paired t-test on post-test 1 revealed that all groups showed significant increase and post-test 2 showed significant enamel hardness decrease. The results of one-way ANOVA on pre-test showed that there was no significant difference, while post test 1 and post-test 2 revealed significant difference. Post-Hoc Bonferroni test showed that there was no statistically significant difference of enamel hardness between groups. Conclusion: There was an effect of isotonic solution immersion on tooth enamel hardness that were given topical CPP-ACPF and fTCP.
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Xavier, Giftlin Denny, George Thomas, Sunil Jose, V. J. Vivek, Kanimozhi Selvam, and Ashish Ramakrishnan. "Comparative evaluation of remineralization potential of four different remineralization agents on human enamel: An in vitro study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 1 (2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_113_23.
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Abstract Aim: The study aimed to assess the remineralizing potential of four different commercially available agents using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Vickers Microhardness (VMH) Test. Materials and Methods: Forty-four specimens (n = 11 per group) were prepared from extracted teeth. A window of 6 mm × 4 mm was made on all the specimens that represented three zones, namely, sound enamel, demineralized enamel, and remineralized enamel. The zone for demineralized enamel was subjected to four different remineralizing agents; casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), tricalcium phosphate fluoride (TCP-F), calcium sucrose phosphate (CSP), and self-assembling peptide (P11-4). Remineralization (REM) was assessed using VMH; the structural changes were assessed using SEM that was analyzed using EDX analysis. The specimens were subjected to a newer regimen of demineralization. One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test was used with a level of significance at P ≤ 0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in VMH between the groups for sound enamel (P = 0.472) and demineralized enamel (P = 0.116). VMH was statistically significantly more for P11-4 and the least for CPP-ACPF (P = 0.011). A post hoc analysis revealed higher VMH for P11-4 compared to CPP-ACPF (P = 0.014) and TCP-F (P = 0.035). SEM showed a homogeneous layer of minerals for all groups except CPP-ACPF. TCP-F reported a higher degree of REM, followed by P11-4 as assessed using EDX analysis. Conclusion: Self-assembling peptide (P11-4) exhibited a higher degree of REM than other remineralizing agents followed by CSP.
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Fu, Shiqiang, Hongwu Wu, Kang Zhu, Zhouxiang Zhao, and Zhifang Liang. "The Unique Morphology of Coconut Petiole Fibers Facilitates the Fabrication of Plant Composites with High Impact Performance." Polymers 15, no. 9 (2023): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092200.
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The present work explored alkali–treated coconut petiole fibers (ACPFs) characterization and the effect of fiber loadings on the mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/ACPF composites for the first time. The physical, mechanical, and interfacial properties, as well as the morphology of the ACPFs were reported. It was found that ACPFs with a density of 0.92 g/cm3 have average tensile strength and tensile modulus equal to 355.77 MPa and 5212.36 MPa. The interfacial strength between ACPFs and PLA was high (14.06 MPa), attributed to the micro–sized holes on the fibers, as established from SEM micrographs. Then composites with varying fiber loadings were fabricated by melt–blending and compression molding. The mechanical (tensile, flexural, and impact) performance of composites was reported. Based on the high interfacial strength between fibers and PLA and the unique “spiral” structure of fibers, the composites reached a high impact strength of 8.2 kJ/m2 and flexural modulus of 6959.70 MPa at 50 wt.%, representing 150% and 50% improvement relative to pure PLA.
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Child, Robert, Tara D. Wehrly, Dedeke Rockx-Brouwer, David W. Dorward, and Jean Celli. "Acid Phosphatases Do Not Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Type A Francisella tularensis." Infection and Immunity 78, no. 1 (2009): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00965-09.
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ABSTRACT The intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a zoonosis that can affect humans with potentially lethal consequences. Essential to Francisella virulence is its ability to survive and proliferate within phagocytes through phagosomal escape and cytosolic replication. Francisella spp. encode a variety of acid phosphatases, whose roles in phagosomal escape and virulence have been documented yet remain controversial. Here we have examined in the highly virulent (type A) F. tularensis strain Schu S4 the pathogenic roles of three distinct acid phosphatases, AcpA, AcpB, and AcpC, that are most conserved between Francisella subspecies. Neither the deletion of acpA nor the combination of acpA, acpB, and acpC deletions affected the phagosomal escape or cytosolic growth of Schu S4 in murine and human macrophages, despite decreases in acid phosphatase activities by as much as 95%. Furthermore, none of these mutants were affected in their ability to cause lethality in mice upon intranasal inoculation. Hence, the acid phosphatases AcpA, AcpB, and AcpC do not contribute to intracellular pathogenesis and do not play a major role in the virulence of type A Francisella strains.
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Cruz prates, Cibele da, Liege Helena freitas fernandes, João Baptista da Costa agra de Melo, Catarina Ribeiro Barros de alencar, and alessandro Leite Cavalcanti. "Effect of Cpp-aCp and Cpp-aCpf pastes on the Surface Hardness of Initial Dental Erosion Lesions: an In Situ Study." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 4 (2018): 1781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1549.
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To analyze the effect of intra-oral application of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF pastes on the surface hardness of initial dental erosion lesions.Bovine enamel specimens were randomly assigned into 6 volunteers in 3 treatment groups: GI: CPP-ACP paste, GII: CPP-ACPF paste and GIII (Control): Placebo paste without CPP-ACP and without fluoride. Enamel specimens were selected by surface hardness (SHi), in vitro eroded by immersion in hydrochloric acid for 30 seconds (SHdes) and randomized between treatment groups and volunteers, who used the palatal intraoral device for 2 hours, applied the treatment on the specimens and used the palatal intraoral device for an additional 3 hours in 3 crossed phases, interspersed with a 7-day washout period. Subsequently, the surface hardness (SHre) was measured to estimate the re-hardening potential of the softened enamel promoted by treatments. Data were analyzed using the t-test and one-way ANOVA, adopting 5% significance level. Mean final and post-erosion hardness values were statistically significant for pastes tested (p<0.05), which presented re-hardening effect of the softened enamel, but with no difference between them and placebo (p>0.05). CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF pastes did not demonstrate higher efficacy in re-hardening the eroded enamel compared to placebo paste.
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Seo, Hee, Seong-Kyu Ahn, Chaehun Lee, Jong-Myeong Oh, and Seonkwang Yoon. "ASNC upgrade for nuclear material accountancy of ACPF." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 880 (February 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.10.045.
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Srilatha, S., Zeeshan Hasanali Ladhani, Sayli Dargad, and Vighnesh Dixit. "Effect of Application of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Microabraded Teeth." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2015): 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1337.
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ABSTRACT Background To evaluate microhardness of enamel surface after microabrasion of enamel using casein phosphopeptideamorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF). Materials and methods Ten freshly extracted anterior teeth were selected. Teeth were treated with abrasive slurry. This prepared slurry was applied to the labial aspects of teeth, using a rotating rubber cup, for 50 seconds. Each tooth was divided into four parts and treated accordingly with the topical application of the demineralizing agent stored in artificial saliva. The teeth were divided into four groups, as follows: – Group A: Control group – Group B: Microabrasion done but not treated – Group C: Microabrasion done and CPP-ACP paste applied – Group D: Microabrasion done and CPP-ACPF (i.e. with fluoride) applied. The microhardness was evaluated using the Vicker's microhardness test. Results Microhardness values were highest for the control group followed by group D, group C and finally group B. Microabraded group of teeth with no topical application showed least microhardness values of all. Conclusion The CPP-ACPF increased the microabrasion significantly as compared to CPP-ACP and microabrasion group. How to cite this article Ladhani ZH, Dargad S, Dixit V, Srilatha S, Hegde V. Effect of Application of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Microabraded Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):174-177.
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Yi, Lin, Tang Yuchen, Zhang Wentao, Guo Ruipeng, and Wu Wei. "A DC Estimation Method to Improve the Accuracy of DC Power Flow." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2474, no. 1 (2023): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2474/1/012058.
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Abstract The DC power flow(DCPF) method greatly simplifies the process of power flow calculation compared with the AC power flow(ACPF) method. However, when the DCPF method is applied in the larger power system, its calculation deviation will be larger due to a mass of total active power loss of the system. It will be difficult to meet the requirements of the actual applications in the grid. By using ACPF as the measured values, a DC state estimation method is proposed here to correct the parameter of the DCPF model. The case study in the actual grid proves that this method can significantly relieve the calculating deviation of the DCPF method. Meanwhile, the method can effectively improve the calculation speed and better meet the accuracy requirements of practical grid applications.
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Puspita, Sinta, Adioro Soetojo, and Sri Kunarti. "PERBEDAAN KEKERASAN PERMUKAAN ENAMEL SETELAH APLIKASI FLUORIDE VARNISH DAN CASEIN PHOSPO PEPTIDE-AMORPHOUS CALSIUM PHOSPHATE FLUORIDE (CPP-ACPF) (PENELITIAN IN VITRO)." Conservative Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v7i2.2017.130-137.
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Background: Caries is a chronic, slowly progressing disease, with symptoms not detected at the onset of the disease but generally much later. Its initiation is associated with demineralization (calcium and phosphate loss) of subsurface tooth enamel, resulting in the formation of a subsurface lesion. To restore the natural equilibrium, either remineralization must be enhanced or demineralization must be retarded. There are some topical agents that can enhance remineralization such as topical fluor and casein phosphopeptide – amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences of the enamel surface microhardness after application of fluoride varnish and CPP-ACPF. Methode: 27 blocks bovine enamel were devided into 3 groups. Group 1 – control (No surface treatment), group 2 – fluoride varnish and group 3 – CPP-ACPF. Initial surface hardness enamel was measured for all enamel specimens. Artificial enamel carious lesions were created by immersing enamel samples to demineralization solution (pH 4,5) for 72 hours at temperature 370 C. The surface microhardness of demineralized enamel specimens was measured. A caries progression test (pH cycling) was carried out, which consisted of alternative demineralization (3 hours), remineralization with artificial saliva (21 hours) and application topical agent twice a day for 14 days. Then, the last surface enamel microhardness is measured. Result: Group 3 showed significantly highest Vickers hardness number (P<0,05) followed by group 2 and the lowest is group 1. Conclusions: This study proved that enamel surface microhardness after application of CPP-ACPF was higher than fluoride varnish.
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PhaniKumar, Mettapalli Sai, Kakarla Sri RojaRamya, C. Vinay, K. S. Uloopi, Rama Krishna Alla, and Penmatsa Chaitanya. "Effect of Dentine Pretreatment with 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride and CPP-ACPF on Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement." Asian Journal of Chemistry 35, no. 6 (2023): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2023.27589.
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The aim of the study is to evaluate the micro-shear bond strength and mode of failure of resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) placed on demineralized dentin pre-treated with 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). In order to mount the premolars in acrylic blocks, 30 caries-free human premolars were divided mesio-distally into two equal halves.. Then the enamel was removed to expose the dentin and immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h, which were then randomly allocated into three groups: Group-1: pretreatment with 38% SDF + RMGIC; Group-2: pretreatment with CPP-ACPF + RMGIC; and Group-3: No pretreatment + RMGIC (control). After the pre-treatment, resin modified glass ionomer cement was placed over the dentin surface using cylindrical mold. Then the micro-shear bond strength was evaluated using universal testing machine and mode of fracture was analyzed with stereomicroscopy. The micro-shear bond strength was found to be higher for the control group (35.73 ± 4.15) followed by SDF (28.39 ± 1.64) and CPP-ACPF (23.00 ± 2.17) and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). On analyzing the mode of failure, the adhesive type of failure was most common in all the groups and the difference in the percentages of mode of failure between the groups was not significant (p = 0.337). Application of 38% SDF and CPP-ACPF on demineralized dentin samples has shown to reduce the micro-shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement. Adhesive failures were the most common type of failures in both pretreated and untreated groups.
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Pourbabak, Hajir, Adetokunbo Ajao, Tao Chen, and Wencong Su. "Fully distributed AC power flow (ACPF) algorithm for distribution systems." IET Smart Grid 2, no. 2 (2019): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0060.
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Sharma, Sonali, Mithra N. Hegde, and Sindhu Ramesh. "Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Enamel Following Different Surface Treatments: An Invitro Study." Crystals 12, no. 11 (2022): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111619.
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Dental caries is an oral disease that has a global footprint. The first onslaught is subsurface, and at this stage, it can be remineralized. This study attempts to analyze the compositional changes that occur during demineralization and different surface treatment remineralization protocols. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the compositional changes caused by different surface treatments on demineralized enamel. Methodology: Six extracted intact posterior teeth were selected and sectioned mesiodistally to achieve two halves. Each half was further divided into six equal sizes to achieve 12 samples per tooth. Except for one sample, which served as the control for that particular tooth, the remaining samples were placed in a demineralizing solution (acetate 0.1 Mol/L, calcium 0.1 Mol/L, phosphate 0.1 Mol/L and fluoride 0.1 mg/L pH 5.0) for 24 h. The samples were then assigned to groups and surface-treated as described below. The samples were grouped as follows so as to subject each sample to the following different surface treatments: Group 1: control, Group 2: Demineralized, Group 3: Laser 1 Watt, Group 4: Laser 2 Watts, Group 5: Laser 3 Watts, Group 6: Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 7: CPP-ACPF, Group 8: CPP-ACPF & Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 9: Enafix, Group 10: Enafix & Laser 3.5 Watts, Group 11: MI Paste and Group 12: MI Paste & Laser 3.5 Watts. The laser used for irradiating the samples in the respective laser groups utilized different wattages of an 810 nm aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser for 30 s. The samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry coupled with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). A qualitative analysis was performed. Result: The 3.5 watts aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser followed by CPP-ACPF caused compositional changes in the organic and inorganic components of the enamel tissues, and these changes were similar to those of the control teeth. Conclusion: Aluminum–gallium–arsenide laser irradiation alone does cause compositional changes and makes the enamel conducive for remineralization.
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Zhou, Gan, Yanjun Feng, Rui Bo, et al. "GPU-Accelerated Batch-ACPF Solution for N-1 Static Security Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8, no. 3 (2017): 1406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2016.2600587.
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Shivaram, Nemani, Komal Rawal, Ranjit Kumar Manne, and Chandra Sekhar Gandikota. "Evaluation of efficacy of various remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized human enamel – An in-vitro study." Journal of Contemporary Orthodontics 7, no. 1 (2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jco.2023.004.
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Currently much research revolves around remineralization as incidence of white spot lesions in patient undergoing orthodontic treatment is 2-96%. The objective of this study was to find out the efficacy of Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium fluoride phosphate (CPP-ACFP), Functionalized tricalcium phosphate (f-TCP), Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS), Calcium sucrose phosphate (CSP), Nano hydroxyapatite (nHAP) and Fluoride (F) in remineralizing artificially demineralized enamel and DIAGNOdent and scanning electron microscope were used to record the changes. The study included 140 extracted premolars which were divided into 7 groups in which 6 were experimental groups: I (CPP-ACPF), II (f-TCP), III (CSPS), IV (CSP), V (nHAP), VI (F) and 1 control group: VII (C). All the samples were evaluated using DIAGNOdent at the baseline, post demineralization and post remineralization. One sample was randomly selected from each group for evaluation using SEM. Statistical analysis has shown that all the groups had higher amount of remineralization except control group. CSPS showed maximum remineralization. All the artificially demineralized samples treated with remineralizing agents for 3 weeks reduced the severity of lesions by forming calcific deposits. However CSPS showed marginally more amount of remineralization than others.
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You, Gil-Sung, Won-Myung Choung, Jeong-Hoe Ku, et al. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ADVANCED SPENT FUEL CONDITIONING PROCESS FACILITY (ACPF)." Nuclear Engineering and Technology 41, no. 6 (2009): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5516/net.2009.41.6.859.
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MAmeen, Rehame, Rania AAwwad, and Asia MElsheflak. "CAN DIODE LASER SUPPORT REMINERALIZATION POTENTIAL OF CPP-ACPF ON DEMINERALIZED ENAMEL?." International Journal of Advanced Research 6, no. 12 (2018): 862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/8210.
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Gümüş, Hüsniye, Mustafa Aydınbelge, and Hayriye Sönmez. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Early Enamel Lesions of Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 11, no. 2 (2020): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206820919664.
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Aim: To analyze the remineralization efficacy of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP) and 8% arginine on artificial early enamel lesions on primary teeth enamel samples. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, artificial enamel lesions were created in 120 primary teeth. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: group C: CPP–ACP paste; group CF: CPP–ACPF paste with 900 ppm flour; group A: paste with 8% arginine; group K+: 500 ppm NaF as a positive control; and group K–: deionized water as a negative control. After 4 weeks of the remineralization process, the effect of remineralization on samples of agents used the microhardness, atomic force microscope, and scanning electron microscope analyses. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). ANOVA and Tukey Post-Hoc multiple comparison test were applied ( p < .05). Results: Increasing percentage values of the microhardness at groups C, CF, and A were significantly better than group K– ( p < .05), whereas there is no statistically significant difference with group K+ ( p > .05). The average surface roughness values of groups C and CF were similar with group K+ in AFM analysis, whereas average surface roughness values of group A were significantly higher than K+ group. Conclusion: The CPP–ACP, CPP–ACPF, and arginine are effective agents for remineralization of early childhood caries lesions.
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Gdanitz, Robert J. "A new version of the multireference averaged coupled-pair functional (MR-ACPF-2)." International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 85, no. 4-5 (2001): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.10019.
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Eguchi, Haruto, Akihiko Hatano, and Yasuo Yoshimi. "Reagentless Sensing of Vancomycin Using an Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Grafted with Molecularly Imprinted Polymer including Ferrocenyl Group." Sensors 21, no. 24 (2021): 8338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248338.
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Vancomycin (VCM) is a first-line antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a cause of nosocomial infections. Therapeutic drug monitoring is strongly recommended for VCM-based chemotherapy. The authors attempted to develop a simple VCM sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which can be used with simple operations. Methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and allylamine carboxypropionate-3-ferrocene (ACPF) were copolymerized in the presence of VCM and grafted from the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) to obtain MIP-coated electrodes. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode was used for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements in a buffer solution containing VCM or whole bovine blood. The obtained current depends on the VCM concentration with high linearity. The dynamic range covered the therapeutic range (20–40 μg/mL) of the VCM but was almost insensitive to teicoplanin, which has a similar structure to VCM. The ITO electrodes grafted by the same procedure except for omitting either VCM or APCF were not sensitive to VCM. The sensitivity of the MIP electrodes to VCM in whole blood and buffered saline, but the background current in blood was higher than that in saline. This high background current was also seen in the deproteinized plasma. Thus, the current is probably originated from the oxidation of low molecular weight reducing agents in the blood. The MIP-grafted ITO electrode using ACPF as a functional monomer would be a promising highly selective sensor for real-time monitoring of VCM with proper correction of the background current.
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Moya Fernández, Anthony Efraín, Tamara Jacqueline Moya Silva, and María Isabel Zambrano Gutiérrez. "Análisis de dos agentes remineralizantes en lesiones incipientes de caries mediante AFM." Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Salud y Vida 3, no. 6 (2019): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.35381/s.v.v3i6.364.
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Recibido: 25 de abril de 2019Aprobado: 5 de junio de 2019La caries dental si se trata oportunamente en sus estadios primarios puede ser detenida y limitada con terapias preventivas que favorecen la remineralización. Objetivo: Evaluar la remineralización de lesiones incipientes de caries (mancha blanca) a partir de la aplicación de dos agentes remineralizantes. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio in - vitro con muestras de esmalte dental divididas en 2 grupos, Grupo A (n = 15) y Grupo B (n = 15), se generó desmineralización con una solución de ácido láctico y saliva artificial, para la remineralización al Grupo A se le aplicó el vidrio bioactivo Fosfosilicato de calcio y sodio fluorado (BAGF), al Grupo B se le aplicó el Fosfopéptido Caseína - fosfato de calcio amorfo fluorado (CPP-ACPF), este procedimiento se lo realizó por 10 días, Resultados: En el Grupo A se obtuvieron valores de 1.967 nm, 33.128 nm y 5.964 nm respectivamente, en el Grupo B los valores fueron de 2.296 nm, 34.335 nm y 13,611 nm, mediante la prueba estadística t de Student se obtuvo un p-valor = 0.108 > 0.05 para esmalte sano y un p-valor = 0.193 > 0.05 para esmalte desmineralizado, lo que indica que no existió una diferencia estadística significativa entre los valores de esmalte sano y desmineralizado de los dos grupos; sin embargo para esmalte remineralizado indicó una gran diferencia entre los valores de remineralización de ambos grupos. Conclusión: Los agentes remineralizantes fosfosilicato de calcio y sodio fluorado (BAGF) y caseína - fosfato de calcio amorfo fluorado (CPP - ACPF) remineralizan el esmalte dental desmineralizado, siendo más efectivo el vidrio bioactivo (BAGF).
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Vidal, Jean-Pierre. "De l'usage analytique des « effets » de groupe dans l'analyse clinique de pratiques professionnelles (acpf)." Revue de psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe 39, no. 2 (2002): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rppg.039.0007.
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Cardoen, Wim, and Robert J. Gdanitz. "The performance of multi-reference ACPF-like methods for the dipole moment of FeO." Chemical Physics Letters 364, no. 1-2 (2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00921-1.
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Gdanitz, Robert J., and Reinhart Ahlrichs. "The averaged coupled-pair functional (ACPF): A size-extensive modification of MR CI(SD)." Chemical Physics Letters 143, no. 5 (1988): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(88)87388-3.
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Karad, Ashok, and Prashant Dhole. "Evaluation of Remineralizing Efficacy of Calcium Sucrose Phosphate: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 53, no. 3 (2019): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574219862499.
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Background: Despite improved oral hygiene regime and availability of preventive formulations, dental caries continues to be a global dental problem. Calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP) is a remineralizing agent with cariostatic action, which is commonly available in the form of tooth cream. Considering the paucity of evidence, this systematic literature review aims to evaluate the remineralizing efficacy of CaSP. Methodology: The review was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar, were searched until March 15, 2018 and were assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was to assess the remineralizing efficacy of CaSP, and the secondary outcome was to assess the potential of CaSP in arresting white spot lesion(s) on enamel. Results: Out of 2,876 articles, only 13 were qualified for inclusion. Included studies presented a low risk of bias for the following items: caries-free teeth or restoration, and adherence to manufacture’s instruction for the usage of remineralizing agent in the risk of bias scale. Ten studies reported an increase in the microhardness of enamel after CaSP application, and three studies reported the effect of CaSP on arresting white spot lesion(s). CaSP was found to be a better remineralizing agent in comparison to casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and other remineralizing agents in terms of increasing microhardness of enamel. In addition, CaSP application was also found to have a beneficial effect in restoring the color of white spot lesion(s) to that of normal enamel. Conclusion: CaSP tooth cream was found to be an effective remineralizing agent, compared to others, such as CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF, in terms of increasing the mean microhardness of enamel and arresting white spot lesion(s).
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Alrobeigy, Nabawy, and Yasser Abed. "IMPACT OF CPP-ACPF AND SODIUM FLUORIDE REMINERALIZING PASTS ON SURFACE TEXTURE OF RESIN COMPOSITES." Egyptian Dental Journal 63, no. 4 (2017): 2471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/edj.2017.76064.
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Lee, Jong Kwang, Byung-Suk Park, Seung-Nam Yu, Kiho Kim, and Il-je Cho. "Crane system with remote actuation mechanism for use in argon compartment in ACPF hot cell." Nuclear Engineering and Design 307 (October 2016): 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2016.07.011.
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Lau, Darryl, Dean Chou, and Praveen V. Mummaneni. "Two-level corpectomy versus three-level discectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a comparison of perioperative, radiographic, and clinical outcomes." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 23, no. 3 (2015): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.spine14545.
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OBJECT In the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) are effective decompressive techniques. It remains to be determined whether ACCF and ACDF offer equivalent outcomes for multilevel CSM. In this study, the authors compared perioperative, radiographic, and clinical outcomes between 2-level ACCF and 3-level ACDF. METHODS Between 2006 and 2012, all patients at the authors' hospital who underwent 2-level ACCF or 3-level ACDF performed by 1 of 2 surgeons were identified. Primary outcomes of interest were sagittal Cobb angle, adjacent-segment disease (ASD) requiring surgery, neck pain measured by visual analog scale (VAS), and Nurick score. Secondary outcomes of interest included estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay, perioperative complications, and radiographic pseudarthrosis rate. Chi-square tests and 2-tailed Student t-tests were used to compare the 2 groups. A subgroup analysis of patients without posterior spinal fusion (PSF) was also performed. RESULTS Twenty patients underwent 2-level ACCF, and 35 patients underwent 3-level ACDF during a 6-year period. Preoperative Nurick scores were higher in the ACCF group (2.1 vs 1.1, p = 0.014), and more patients underwent PSF in the 2-level ACCF group compared with patients in the 3-level ACDF group (60.0% vs 17.1%, p = 0.001). Otherwise there were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, and baseline clinical parameters between the 2 groups. Two-level ACCF was associated with significantly higher EBL compared with 3-level ACDF for the anterior stage of surgery (382.2 ml vs 117.9 ml, p < 0.001). Two-level ACCF was also associated with a longer hospital stay compared with 3-level ACDF (7.2 days vs 4.9 days, p = 0.048), but a subgroup comparison of patients without PSF showed no significant difference in length of stay (3.1 days vs 4.4 days for 2-level ACCF vs 3-level ACDF, respectively; p = 0.267). Similarly, there was a trend toward more complications in the 2-level ACCF group (20.0%) than the 3-level ACDF group (5.7%; p = 0.102), but a subgroup analysis that excluded those who had second-stage PSF no longer showed the same trend (2-level ACCF, 0.0% vs 3-level ACDF, 3.4%; p = 0.594). There were no significant differences between the ACCF group and the ACDF group in terms of postoperative sagittal Cobb angle (7.2° vs 12.1°, p = 0.173), operative ASD (6.3% vs 3.6%, p = 0.682), and radiographic pseudarthrosis rate (6.3% vs 7.1%, p = 0.909). Both groups had similar improvement in mean VAS neck pain scores (3.4 vs 3.2 for ACCF vs ACDF, respectively; p = 0.860) and Nurick scores (0.8 vs 0.7, p = 0.925). CONCLUSIONS Two-level ACCF was associated with greater EBL and longer hospital stays when patients underwent a second-stage PSF. However, the length of stay was similar when patients underwent anterior-only decompression with either 2-level ACCF or 3-level ACDF. Furthermore, perioperative complication rates were similar in the 2 groups when patients underwent anterior decompression without PSF. Both groups obtained similar postoperative cervical lordosis, operative ASD rates, radiographic pseudarthrosis rates, neurological improvement, and pain relief.
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Rahman, MS, MT Islam, and MS Ali. "Feasibility of Introducing Four Crops Based Cropping Patterns in Kushtia Area of Bangladesh." Agriculturists 18, no. 1 (2020): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v18i1.49462.
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The trial was conducted at Multi Location Testing (MLT) site under On-Farm Research Division, BARI, Kushtia during the last week of February, 2015 to second week of February, 2017 at farmers’ field condition to find out the productivity and profitability of three alternate cropping patterns, i.e. ACP1=Mustard (var: BARI Sarisha-15) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7), ACP2=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7), ACP3=Wheat (var: BARI Gom-28) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var:Binadhan-7) against the existing cropping pattern, i.e. ECP= Lentil (var: BARI Mashur-6) – Sesame (BARI Teel-3) - T. Aman (var: Binadhan-7). Findings revealed that the required mean crop durations ranged 340-356 days for one cycle in a year in four crops based cropping patterns against 293 days in existing cropping pattern. Total seed/grain yields in terms of REY of ACP1, ACP2, and ACP3 were 14.85, 16.06 and 14.92 t ha-1 year-1, respectively which were 44%, 56% and 45%, respectively higher than that of existing pattern (10.30 t ha-1 year-1). Mean production efficiency (32.53-40.43 kg ha-1day-1), land use efficiency (93.15-97.53%) and mean gross margin ( Tk. 109393 - Tk. 127834 ha-1) of all alternate cropping patterns were higher than that of existing cropping pattern (PE: 23.63 kg ha-1day-1, LUE: 80.28% and gross margin Tk. 94929 ha-1). As a result, all alternate cropping patterns were agronomically feasible and economically profitable. Among the alternate cropping patterns, ACP2=Lentil (var: BARI Masur-6) - Mungbean (var: BARI Mung-6) - T. Aus rice (var: BRRI dhan48) - T. Aman rice (var: Binadhan-7) performed the best. Therefore, farmers in Kushtia area of Bangladesh might follow the alternate cropping patterns in high and medium high land for higher crop productivity and profitability over existing cropping pattern.
 The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 94-102
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Drysdale, Melissa, Agathe Bourgogne, Susan G. Hilsenbeck, and Theresa M. Koehler. "atxA Controls Bacillus anthracis Capsule Synthesis via acpA and a Newly Discovered Regulator, acpB." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 2 (2004): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.2.307-315.2004.
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ABSTRACT Two regulatory genes, acpA and atxA, have been reported to control expression of the Bacillus anthracis capsule biosynthesis operon capBCAD. The atxA gene is located on the virulence plasmid pXO1, while pXO2 carries acpA and the cap genes. acpA has been viewed as the major regulator of the cap operon because it is essential for capsule gene expression in a pXO1− pXO2+ strain. atxA is essential for toxin gene transcription but has also been implicated in control of the cap genes. The molecular functions of the regulatory proteins are unknown. We examined cap gene expression in a genetically complete pXO1+ pXO2+ strain. Our results indicate that another pXO2 gene, acpB (previously called pXO2-53; accession no. NC002146.1 :49418-50866), has a role in cap expression. The predicted amino acid sequence of AcpB is 62% similar to that of AcpA and 50% similar to that of AtxA. Assessment of cap gene transcription revealed that cap expression was not affected in a pXO1+ pXO2+ acpB-null mutant and was slightly reduced in an isogenic acpA mutant. However, cap gene expression was abolished in an acpA acpB double mutant. Microscopic examination of capsule synthesis by the mutants corroborated these findings. acpA and acpB expression is controlled by atxA; capsule synthesis and transcription of acpA and acpB were markedly reduced in an atxA mutant. The data suggest that, in a strain containing both virulence plasmids, atxA is the major regulator of capsule synthesis and controls capBCAD expression indirectly, via positive regulation of acpA and acpB.
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Drysdale, Melissa, Agathe Bourgogne, and Theresa M. Koehler. "Transcriptional Analysis of the Bacillus anthracis Capsule Regulators." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 15 (2005): 5108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.15.5108-5114.2005.
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ABSTRACT The poly-d-glutamic acid capsule of Bacillus anthracis is essential for virulence. Control of capsule synthesis occurs at the level of transcription and involves positive regulation of the capsule biosynthetic operon capBCAD by a CO2/bicarbonate signal and three plasmid-borne regulators: atxA, acpA, and acpB. Although the molecular mechanism for control of cap transcription is unknown, atxA affects cap expression via positive control of acpA and acpB, two genes with partial functional similarity. Transcriptional analyses of a genetically complete strain indicate that capB expression is several hundred-fold higher during growth in 5% CO2 compared to growth in air. atxA was expressed appreciably during growth in air and induced only 2.5-fold by CO2. In contrast, expression of acpA and acpB was induced up to 23-fold and 59-fold, respectively, by CO2. The 5′-end mapping of gene transcripts revealed atxA-regulated and atxA-independent apparent transcription start sites for capB, acpA, and acpB. Transcripts mapping to all atxA-regulated start sites were increased during growth in elevated CO2. The acpA gene has one atxA-regulated and one atxA-independent start site. acpB lies downstream of capBCAD. A single atxA-independent start site maps immediately upstream of acpB. atxA-mediated control of acpB appears to occur via transcriptional read-through from atxA-dependent start sites 5′ of capB. One atxA-independent and two atxA-regulated start sites map upstream of capB. Transcription from the atxA-regulated start sites of capBCAD was reduced significantly in an acpA acpB double mutant but unaffected in mutants with deletion of only acpA or acpB, in agreement with the current model for epistatic relationships between the regulators.
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Ruttink, Paul J. A. "On the Size Consistency of Multireference CEPA Methods." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70, no. 5 (2005): 638–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20050638.
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The size consistency of various multireference coupled electron pair approaches (MRCEPA) is analysed. These methods include the MRCEPA0, MR averaged coupled pair functional (MR-ACPF), MR averaged quadratic coupled cluster (MR-AQCC), MR (singles and doubles) CEPA (MRDCEPA) and the recently proposed MR averaged CEPA (MR-ACEPA) methods. Test calculations on the O2 dimer show that a correct treatment of the variationally included (VI) terms such as in the MRDCEPA and MR-ACEPA methods is necessary for obtaining nearly size-consistent results. On the other hand, the results strongly suggest that it is impossible to obtain exact size consistency with any method employing the diagonal shift formalism. The analysis also shows that the size consistency error is not significantly affected by the exclusion principle violating (EPV) terms.
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Özant, Yusuf, and Yazgı Ay Ünüvar. "Orthodontic brackets’ shear bond strengths after applying remineralizing agents." International Dental Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.3.
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Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to measure the effects of white spot lesions treatment agents on the shear bond strengths (SBSs) and adhesive residual indexes (ARIs) of orthodontic brackets.
 Methodology: This study used 100 human premolar teeth randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 comprised those with intact enamel, Group 2 comprised those with demineralized enamel and Groups 3–5 comprised those demineralized enamel that was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), fluoride varnish and a resin infiltrant, respectively. Brackets were bonded to the teeth using the conventional method, then the samples were thermocycled and tested for SBS using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant indexes (ARI) of the brackets were also evaluated. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups’ SBSs and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the groups’ ARI scores. Results were considered statistically significant if p was less than 0.05.
 Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups (F was 6.895 and p was less than 0.001). The SBSs of the brackets in Group 4 were significantly lower than those of the other groups (the mean was 13.44 ± 6.37 MPa). Group 5 had the highest mean SBS value (22.11 ± 6.56 MPa). Additionally, the ARI scores of the four groups were significantly different (p was less than 0.001).
 Conclusion: Resin infiltration and CPP-ACPF applications can improve bonds to demineralized enamel, while fluoride varnish applications are not recommended for such enamel.
 
 How to cite this article: Özant Y, Ay Ünüvar Y. Orthodontic brackets’ shear bond strengths after applying remineralizing agents. Int Dent Res 2021;11(2):67-74. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.no2.3
 
 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Behl, Mansi, Sonali Taneja, and Vidhi Kiran Bhalla. "Comparative evaluation of remineralization potential of novel bioactive agents on eroded enamel lesions: A single-blinded in vitro study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 5 (2024): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_62_24.
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Objective: The escalating prevalence of noncarious tooth wear stands as a critical concern in the backdrop of evolving lifestyles and dietary patterns. Dental erosion, a progressive condition induced by both endogenous and exogenous acidic influences, directly impacts enamel integrity, resulting in surface loss. The contemporary surge in carbonated beverage consumption further exacerbates this erosive milieu, underscoring the urgency for dental practitioners to adopt meticulous treatment strategies. Existing literature underscores a noteworthy 94% reduction in tooth erosion risk for individuals abstaining from sweetened soft beverages, emphasizing the imperative for a well-devised remineralization protocol to counter demineralized surfaces. Methodology: Seventy-three enamel specimens were taken. Forty samples were subjected to pre-operative hardness testing, and five samples were subjected to baseline EDX evaluation followed by grouping of samples (Group 1 = control Group; Group 2 = casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride [CPP-ACPF] Group; Group 3 = Biomin F Group; and Group 4 = self-assembling peptide [SAP] P-114 Group). A demineralization–remineralization cycle was carried out for 5 days followed by testing through Vickers Microhardness Tester, EDX Evaluation, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by intergroup analysis using Tukey’s post hoc test with SPSS software 25.0 version. Results: The mean percentage change in microhardness values was 30.05% in Group 1, 24.21% in Group 2, 18.85% in Group 3, and 12.08% in Group 4. The mean Ca/P ratio of samples tested through EDAX was 2.20 at baseline, 1.40 in Group 1 (Control Group), 1.62 in Group 2 (CPP-ACPF), 1.82 in Group 3 (Biomin F), and 2.01 in Group 4 (SAP-P114). Postintervention values were statistically significant from baseline values in both parameters. Conclusion: Curodont Protect exhibits superior efficacy, offering valuable insights for future in vivo studies and clinical applications. The multifaceted evaluation, encompassing microhardness testing, SEM analysis, and EDXS assessment, contributes to a nuanced interpretation of the agents’ impact, paving the way for informed decisions in clinical practice and future research endeavors.
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Burkhardt, Jan-Karl, Anne F. Mannion, Serge Marbacher, et al. "A comparative effectiveness study of patient-rated and radiographic outcome after 2 types of decompression with fusion for spondylotic myelopathy: anterior cervical discectomy versus corpectomy." Neurosurgical Focus 35, no. 1 (2013): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.focus1396.
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Object Both anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACCF) are used to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy; however, there is currently no evidence for the superiority of one over the other in terms of patient-rated outcomes. This comparative effectiveness study compared the patient-rated and radiographic outcomes of 2-level ACDF versus 1-level ACCF. Methods This single-center study was nested within the EuroSpine Spine Tango data acquisition system. Inclusion criteria were the following: consecutive patients presenting with signs of cervical spondylotic myelopathy who underwent 2-level ACDF or 1-level ACCF between 2004 and 2011. Before and 12 months after surgery, patients completed the multidimensional Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) and also rated global treatment outcome and satisfaction with care on 5-point Likert scales. Cervical lordosis, segmental height, and fusion rate were assessed radiographically before and immediately after surgery and at the last follow-up (20.4 ± 13.7 months, mean ± SD). Results In total, 118 consecutive patients (80 in the ACDF group and 38 in the ACCF group) were included. Age, sex, comorbidity, baseline symptoms, baseline radiographic data, operation duration, and complication rates did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Blood loss was significantly (p < 0.04) lower in the ACDF group. Postoperative mean segmental height was significantly (p = 0.0006) greater for ACDF (42.0 ± 4.2 mm, mean ± SD) than for ACCF (39.0 ± 4.0 mm), and global average lordosis improved to a significantly (p = 0.003) greater extent in ACDF (by 1.6° ± 4.1°) than in ACCF (by −1.0° ± 4.0°). Fusion rates for ACDF were 97.5% and for ACCF were 94.7% (p = 0.59). The 12-month patient-rated outcomes did not differ significantly between ACDF and ACCF: 82.4% and 68.6% had a good global outcome (operation helped/helped a lot) (p = 0.10), 86.5% and 82.9% were satisfied/very satisfied with care (p = 0.62), and the reduction in the multidimensional COMI was 2.8 ± 2.7 and 2.2 ± 3 points (p = 0.30), respectively. The postoperative increase in lordosis angle showed low but significant correlations with the improvement in arm pain (r = 0.25, p = 0.014), highest pain (r = 0.25, p = 0.013), and function (r = 0.24, p = 0.016). Conclusions Both ACDF and ACCF are safe and effective in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, indicated by similarly good patient-rated outcomes 1 year after surgery. This precludes any conclusions regarding the superiority of one technique over the other, although it should be noted that ACDF resulted in less blood loss and greater improvements in cervical lordosis and segmental height than ACCF. Patients with improved lordosis angle had a better clinical outcome.
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ALEXANDRINO, Larissa Dias, Cristiane de Melo ALENCAR, Ana Daniela Silva da SILVEIRA, Eliane Bemerguy ALVES, and Cecy Martins SILVA. "Randomized clinical trial of the effect of NovaMin and CPP-ACPF in combination with dental bleaching." Journal of Applied Oral Science 25, no. 3 (2017): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0408.
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Wang, Tao, Junfei Guo, Yubin Long, and Zhiyong Hou. "Comparison of Two Anterior Reconstructive Techniques in the Treatment of 3-Level and 4 Level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Meta-analysis of Last Decade." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 13 (January 2022): 215145932211244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21514593221124415.
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Study Design A meta-analysis. Objective Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) are widely used in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). However, the clinical outcomes and complications between ACDF and ACCF treating multi-level CSM remain poorly understood. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes and complications of the two procedures in the treatment of 3-level and 4-level CSM. Methods An extensive search of the literature was performed in the English databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library and the Chinese databases of CNKI and WANFANG. We collected factors, including demographic data, surgical factors, and complications. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0. Results Finally, 14 articles (5429 patients) were included in our study. No significant difference was found in preoperative and 3-month follow-up Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, neck disability index, preoperative C2-C7, segmental angle, operation time, as well as the number of dysphagia, hoarseness, cerebral fluid leakage, infection, epidural hematoma, axial pain, hardware breakage, and pseudarthrosis between ACDF and ACCF. However, our findings showed that blood loss ( P < 0.00001), the number of total complications ( P < 0 .00001), C5 palsy ( P = 0.0004), graft dislodgement ( P = 0.02), graft subsidence ( P = 0.0003), and revision surgery ( P = 0.0008) in ACDF were significantly less than in ACCF. Additionally, postoperative and change of C2-C7 ( P < 0.00001), segment angle ( P < 0.00001), and fusion rate ( P = 0.001) in ACDF were significantly higher than in ACCF. Post-operative JOA in ACDF was significantly higher than in ACCF ( P = 0.02). Conclusions Although the clinical efficacy of both surgeries was similar, ACDF was superior to ACCF in the reconstruction of cervical lordosis and the number of complications in the treatment of 3-level and 4-level CSM.
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Zhou, Chuanli, Chenguang Liu, Ripul R. Panchal, Xuexiao Ma, and Xiaoliang Chen. "Modified expansive laminoplasty and fusion compared with anterior cervical surgeries in treating four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 6 (2019): 2413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519838919.
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Objective To compare modified expansive laminoplasty and fusion (MELF) with anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF), and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), in treating four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods This retrospective study included patients with four-level CSM who had undergone surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2013 and May 2015. D-values, Cobb’s angle, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and quality of life (SF-36 scores) were compared between patients treated with ACCF/ACDF versus MELF. Results Twenty-six patients who underwent ACCF/ACDF and 26 who underwent MELF were included, and all showed bone fusion following treatment. The most common complications were dysphasia (12/26) in the ACCF/ACDF group and axial neck pain (7/26) in the MELF group. C5 nerve root palsy was not observed in either group. D value and Cobb’s angle changes showed that ACDF/ACCF was more effective in curve correction than MELF. Postoperative improvements in JOA and SF-36 scores were noted in both groups, with no statistically significant between-group differences. Conclusion Anterior and posterior approaches may produce similar clinical outcomes in the surgical management of four-level CSM. MELF may avoid known complications of the posterior approach.
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Hübner, Olaf, Volker Termath, Andreas Berning, and Joachim Sauer. "A CASSCF/ACPF study of spectroscopic properties of FeS and FeS− and the photoelectron spectrum of FeS−." Chemical Physics Letters 294, no. 1-3 (1998): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00792-1.
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Banava, S., and S. Akhoundan. "Effect of CPP-ACPF on Microhardness of Enamel before and after exposure to energy drink (in vitro)." Journal of Research in Dental Sciences 15, no. 2 (2018): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jrds.15.2.84.
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Budipramana, Melisa, Thalca Hamid, and Sianiwati Goenharto. "Shear strength of orthodontic bracket bonding with GIC bonding agent after the application of CPP-ACPF paste." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 46, no. 1 (2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v46.i1.p39-44.
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