Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „ACommunication”

Inability to speak or to talk is called muteness ormutism; often caused by speech disorder, loss of hearing or insome cases, surgery. The families of these people suffering fromsuch disease often learn sign languages like American SignLanguage (ASL) to communicate, but if a mute person meetssomeone who doesn’t know ASL then there will be acommunication barrier between them. So, to overcome thiscommunication barrier we require a system through which amute person can communicate with everyone, hence breakingdown a speech barrier. In this regard, we proposed a systembased on image processing to identify the sign and perform somecommon speech patterns using the speaker.

Inability to speak or to talk is called muteness ormutism; often caused by speech disorder, loss of hearing or insome cases, surgery. The families of these people suffering fromsuch disease often learn sign languages like American SignLanguage (ASL) to communicate, but if a mute person meetssomeone who doesn’t know ASL then there will be acommunication barrier between them. So, to overcome thiscommunication barrier we require a system through which amute person can communicate with everyone, hence breakingdown a speech barrier. In this regard, we proposed a systembased on image processing to identify the sign and perform somecommon speech patterns using the speaker.

Globalization is an inevitable phenomenon characterized by both integrating anddisintegrating forces. This article argues that the outcome of Globalization will bedetermined by how the global community responds to, and engages in, the process. Itsuggests that communication scholars can play a role in influencing globalization towardsa constructive outcome by directing their research endeavours and theoretical reflectiontowards finding ways to enhance human development and effective global integration.A conceptualization of globalization for communication science and a number oftheoretical approaches which could be used to study the phenomenon from acommunication perspective, are proposed. Lastly, suggestions are offered for researchcontributions that could assist in steering the global system towards a more mature andstable state and the attainment of a higher order of societal consciousness.

As the work for managing a whole LAN effectively withoutlimited purposes, there are works of Policy-based networkmanagement (PBNM). The existing PBNM is defined in someorganizations including the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF). However, it has structural problems. For example,communications sent from many clients concentrate on acommunication control mechanism called PEP (PolicyEnforcement Point). To improve the problems, we have beenstudying next generation PBNM called Destination AddressingControl System (DACS) Scheme. The DACS Scheme controlsthe whole LAN through communication control by the clientsoftware as PEP which locates on a client computer. We havebeen studied on the aspect of principle until now. In thisresearch, we implement a DACS system to realize a concept ofthe DACS Scheme, and show implement method and results offunctional experiments.

ABSTRACTIn contemporary times, it is common for people to accessvarious medical procedures, out of necessity or of their ownvolition. In this context, there are transgender people. Thesearch for self-esteem and body changes makes them resort toaesthetic and/or surgical procedures, often without beingaware of the consequences, benefits, care, and steps involved inthe process, and because it is such a unique moment in theindividual's life, he may feel embarrassed to solve his doubtswith the health professionals, or even asking, there may be acommunication difficulty between the professional and thepatient. Given these circumstances, the individual sometimesseeks information on websites and blogs, which may notprovide appropriate information. Therefore, this workproposes developing a chatbot to help those interested inunderstanding the transsexualization process, quickly, easily,and centrally.

Abstract Covid 19 made it clear once again: to inform is not to communicate. To communicate is to live. Three dimensions of communication can be distinguished: sharing, stumbling upon incommunication, the damage of acommunication. Human communication is always more complex and more fragile than technical communication. Information, whatever it is, concerns the message; communication concerns the relationship, therefore the test of the other. The challenge of the sequence otherness-cultural diversity-cultural cohabitation? To manage to make the respect of identities and universality cohabit. Incommunication is not an obstacle to the construction of Europe, on the contrary, it is its condition. This is a paradoxical situation but one that illustrates the paradigm shift in political communication. To cohabit without losing identities. Such is the insane bet that the Europeans have succeeded in making.

This study examined new organisational environments and environmental variablesinvolved in the adoption and implementation of new communication technology. Thisincludes structures within the organisation and social communication networks. Socialcommunication networks determine the levels of the measurement of the processesassociated with managerial practices and policies regarding videoconferencingimplementation. Videoconferencing as a communication management tool should not only take intoaccount the numerous applications of videoconferencing, but also consider all theimplications for management. The study utilised focus group research, social network analysis and descriptive statisticsin the investigation of the manifestation of the above-mentioned variables in the TertiaryEducation Linkages Project (TELP), which is a linkage project between the Eastern CapeTechnikon and Texas Southern University. The study utilises triangulation for theestablishment of acceptable levels of reliability and validity. The data analysis revealed that videoconferencing facilitates organisational communication networks on the precondition that communication networks and thecommunication environment are well managed. The nature of social networks revealsthat it will always be in existence where human interaction is present. However,communication management strategies are indeed required to ensure that the qualityof information disseminated over the social network contributes to sound managerialoutcomes. It was furthermore established that communication management policies donot necessarily affect individuals’ experiences of videoconferencing. However, as acommunication management tool, videoconferencing must be guided by effectivecommunication management policies and practices for the group to be effective.

In general, people need communication as a process of interaction in their socialenvironment. With the many needs needed, they use communication strategies to facilitatetheir activities in achieving goals.This research is a qualitative research with the type of case study research. This researchwill look at the interaction in the Nyarios Sunda community, by utilizing Facebook SocialMedia. This research will answer related to how the interaction patterns that occur in theFacebook Social Media.In this research, the writer uses Media Theory or also known as Media Ecology Theory.The basic concept of this theory was first put forward by Marshall McLuhan and HaroldInnis (1964).The method used is qualitative with a case study approach and in collecting data usedobservations, interviews and documentation. The informants in this study consisted of oneadmin of the Nyarios Sunda facebook group (Ngamumulè Basa Sunda) and three membersBased on the analysis that has been carried out, the results of the research obtained by theauthor are that the pattern of community interactions formed on Facebook Social MediaNyarios Sunda (Ngamumulè Basa Sunda) produces associative interactions, because inthe process they establish a collaboration, there are forms of accommodation and carryout the assimilation process to form a unity. Then the admin of the Nyarios Sunda(Ngamumulè Basa Sunda) facebook group uses an interaction approach as acommunication strategy, and builds and develops productive interactions in everyinteraction that occurs. From this, it aims to build a culture of discussion and exchangeknowledge among community members.

The purpose of this researchais to finda outa the Role of Bina Darma TV (BTV) as acommunication medium in assisting the promotion process of Bina Darma University. This researchmethod is qualitative with a descriptive approach to interviews, observations, documentation,literature studies. In this study, the authors used promotional media and role theory as researchtheory, where data is obtained through two types of data sources namely primary data and skunderdata. The data collection technique that the authors do is to conduct interviews, observations anddocumentation. In this study used data triangulation techniques by means of source triangulation.Based on the research results of Bina Darma University as one of the Private Universities inPalembang city in an effort to promote its products to the community, therefore Bina DarmaUniversity formed a Communication Lab called Bina Darma TV (BTV) in helping the promotionprocess and one way to introduce Bina Darma University to the wider community. Bina Darma TVis a community television of Bina Darma University Palembang, Communication activities can notbe separated from the role of media, Bina Darma TV's mass media account is aMobile Appa LiveStreaming and Video On Demand, YouTube and Instagram. Through the mass media Bina DarmaTV (BTV) can play a role in communicating and interacting with others so as to help Bina DarmaUniversity in promoting Bina Darma University. In addition, Bina Darma TV (BTV) also distributesinformation to others through mass media by sharing information or uploading documents, videosand images in activities promoting and introducing Bina Darma University in the wider community.

Contemporary debates in social disciplines are making increasing reference to theoreticalconcepts such as sociocybernetics and autopoiesis (Bailey, 1983, 1997, 2001; Bopry, 2007,Brier, 2005; Geyer, 1994, 1995, 2003; Glanville, 2004; Goldspink, 2001; Hernes & Bakken, 2003;Krippendorff, 1996; Letiche, 2007; Luhmann, 1996; Mingers, 2002b; Morgan, 1998; Scott, 1996,2001b, 2003; Smith & Higgins, 2003; Umpleby, 2005; Van der Zouwen, 1997; Von Foerster, 2003;Von Glasersfeld, 1996). It becomes apparent from these debates that certain paradigm shifts areimminent not so much as a result of new knowledge, but rather as a result of new metaphors thatpresent alternative perspectives for interdisciplinary corroboration.Thus far, debates on revisiting cybernetic concepts have largely been conducted in other socialsciences disciplines such as sociology, politics and semiology, this despite the challenges a cocreational perspective poses for communication in general and for organisational communicationspecifically. This paper aims to raise the debate amongst communication scholars, especiallysince communication scholars are conspicuously absent in the social-scientific debates withinother disciplines, and we are in danger of failing to challenge our own intellectual assumptions.As such, this paper discusses and explores the appropriateness and applicability of cyberneticsand autopoiesis as contemporary theoretical approaches to the study of organisations ascommunicatively enacted entities. It attempts to identify some of the intellectual challenges posedby extending the boundaries of our conversations beyond our recognised metaphors and concepts.The purpose of this paper is to initiate dialogue among communication scholars that may resonatewith the constructivist epistemology, and which constitutes both cybernetics and postmodernism.We argue that cybernetics in its entirety poses a challenge for the study of organisations from acommunication perspective. We argue, as Geyer (1995) has done, that it may be an intellectuallychallenging exercise to reposition the current modern and postmodern organisational metaphorswithin a single new emerging metaphor: the schismatic metaphor.

The partner of this community partnership program is SMP YPM 4 Bohar, located on Jl. Raya Bohar No. 39 Taman Sidoarjo as a container for the generation of the nation, always applies various methods and development of learning media to answer the demands of the times to produce high-quality human resources, the obstacle faced by this school is the ability of teachers in the field of journalism is still inadequate, in addition there is also no media learning that is able to accommodate the creativity of teachers and students. Therefore it is necessary to provide journalistic training to the teachers and learning media need to be made by publishing ISSN school magazines that are able to accommodate the creativity of teachers and students in writing papers. The benefits of making this school magazine are: (1) as acommunication medium; (2) as a medium of creativity; 3) as a medium to improve writing skills; (4) as a medium for developing reading habits; (5) as a time filler; (6) as a medium for training intelligence thinking; (7) as a medium for training in organization:; (8) as a promotional media. There are three stages in implementing a solution that must be completed with a partner: 1) Training; 2) Assignment, and 3) Assistance. The results of community service as a whole can be concluded; 1) There is a significant difference before and after the training, before and after the school magazine is made, this can be seen from the results of the paper that will be loaded in the school magazine showing that teachers and students can express a variety of ideas, various ideas, thoughts , creativity, even fantasy that accompanies thedevelopment of a student's soul through various kinds of writing so that it can be read by all other students and teachers; 2) During the process of making school magazines, partners and service teams work together so that the specified targets can be implemented well. The first school magazine with the name "SY4BAR" as a place to accommodate the creativity of YPM 4 Bohar Taman Middle School teachers and at the same time as a powerful promotional media has reached the printing stage, so all activities have been completed 100%.

The theory and practice of institutional communication at public universities in Spain have a strong corporate and instrumental character. In this study, we discuss the possibility of implementing acommunicative planning and management focused on prioritizing more horizontal and participative communication processes. For that purpose, a qualitive study was carried out with a Delphi panel of 10 researchers from Spanish public universities specialized in participatory communication and communication for social change.The study suggests that the implementationof participative university institutional communication would require the conviction and involvement of the entire university community. It would lead to the establishment of procedures and mechanisms that guarantee the transversality of communication, as well as the active presence of different intra- and extra-university groups in the diagnosis, design, execution, and evaluation of institutional communication.

In the article the culture is considered from the perspective of the priority of its communicative dimension. Social communication emerges as the basis for the creation and reproduction of culture as one of the important means and to some extent the ultimate goal of cultural development. The grounded thesis is that satisfactory consideration of the functioning of culture in a society is impossible without taking into account communicative mechanisms of its provision. It reveals the leading role of values in determining the communication as a functional basis of culture: the values of culture, acquiring functional social purpose (in particular, in the form of social roles), ensure the participation of society members in both social life in general and in its development by means of culture. The communicative criterion makes possible to define as culture only that things made by a person, which promote social communication, that is, that ensure the reproduction and development of society. In addition, social communication is not only a means and a criterion for the development of culture, but also should be considered as a goal of its development – both in the obvious case of communicative culture and in the broader sense of the culture of any communication. In the first, narrow sense we are talking about is close in importance to etiquette.In the second, broad sense which sets the value-semantic horizon for understanding the culture in general, the latter appears as a communication – actual and potential. To determine the systemic dimensions of the culture functioning one should determine the levels of implementation of social communication in society. After all, culture is the product of human communication, and it is also the cause and the foundation - even when it comes to personal culture (since everything done by a person needs to be checked and reinforced or denied by others). In general, it is worth to think about building acommunicative concept of culture, which would proceed from the idea of an intersubjective essence of a human as a social being. The following levels should be distinguished, from the lowest to the highest: direct interaction, interaction within organizations and communities, cooperation within countries as complex territorial associations of communities, interaction within the framework of a global society as a super-"community". At each of these levels, there are varieties of values that attract individuals to engage in communication at the appropriate level. In turn, these values determine certain social roles and functional queries that are distributed or grouped around these social roles. The fulfillment of social roles forms the basis of the culture of social communication, that is more or less developed. Performing roles is concentrated in the personal culture of communication only at first glance - both skill and persuasiveness and successful performance. In addition to the personal culture of communication participation, the collective communication culture should be distinguished, most of which consists in those unwritten rules of conduct that, without special arrangements and even without articulation, are implicit, but certainly perceived by the communicative community as the basis for a successful social life. The higher the level of social communication, the greater the success of social interaction depends on the reinforcement of unwritten rules of conduct rationalized norms. Universalist norms represent the means of guaranteeing mutual understanding at the highest levels of social communication. In order to treat culture as a certain ideal and as the embodiment of higher values, which we can and should endlessly seek and approach, we must first (in the mode of pre-understanding) comprehend culture as the external side of our experience, as that which in general enables any our act and aspiration. Such an interconnection of the beginning and end, goals and means can be gained through the study of social communication – and at each of the aforementioned level, this connection is specific. However, each time it is a connection between certain values that define the goals, and certain functions that determine the means of communication. We should strive to establish the definition of the concept of values interconnected with the definition of the culture notion. Valuable analysis of this is, at the same time, an analysis of values as a subject of research, and an analysis from the standpoint of values, that is, values should serve as the basis of our methodology. Since it is a question of human knowledge of human activity, there is no contradiction here, but there is a performative statement of the methodology of the study, its formation under the influence of an even deeper immersion in the subject of knowledge. This means that the methodology should come from our way of life, and not be reaffirmed by the backwards of some forced indents and compromises with our way of life.

This paper reports the result and subsequent exploration of the pilot multi-media in-service teacher training programme with BA degree (non-honour) ( English Language Education) undertaken in the past three years (2001-2004) in China’s distance education. Through the integration of low-tech and high-tech in instructing and delivering courses, many interesting findings have been unexpectedly obtained. Both the trainers (the university lectures) and trainees (in-service school teachers) have experienced a great transformation in their language teaching and learning: a). the trainees (in-service school teachers) have become more independent learners since they raised their educational level; b). the trainers (university lecturers) have learned to adjust their roles in classroom teaching: to be more learner-centred and less teacher-centred; c). acommunicative task-based approach has been satisfactorily adopted and implanted into the process of learning and teaching; d). the trainees have not only upgraded their qualifications but also their teaching methodology. Based on the findings from the case, the authors offer suggestions for the future development of distance teacher training.

As a result of the improvements made to the camera obscura and the study of light sensitivity of silver salts, photography is a product of the 19th century, and by definition an image produced by the effect of light on a foto-sensitized surface. The genesis of the term is closely related to the discovery of the journal of Antoine Hércules Romuald Florence, a French-brazilian painter and a few years later, to Sir John Herschel who for the first time proposed the term “Photography” for the image obtained in the camera obscura in his private correspondence of 28th February 1839.Around the year 1800, Thomas Wegdwood, son of the renowned manufacturer of potery, Josiah Wegdwood, conducted the first experiments which were completed by obtaining multiple images on paper or textiles, sensitized with silver salts in advance. The process of Wegdwood was revealed in 1802, along with the details necessary to achieve it, by the British chemist Humphry Davy in a paper presented to the Royal Society of Sciences in London.Regardless, a number of other researchers have addressed the issue to enthusiasts in other countries, particularly in France. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, son of a Royal Adviser, born in Chalon-sur-Saône, with numerous scientific pursuits was fascinated by the experiments with light-sensitive substances. His discovery has become an innovative technique for reproduction and the first photo-mechanical process that revolutionized the graphic arts, being known by the name of “heliography”. In the summer of 1827, Niépce manages to obtain the first image in the camera obscura, on a tin plate by 16,5 × 20,3 cm, with an exposure of over 8 hours which left a pale but identifiable image of the inner court of his estate, “Le Gras”.In September 1827, Niépce meets for the first time with Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre and two years later as a result of their correspondence, they start an offcial partnership. The document is signed on December 14, 1829, with an extension for a period of two years, and was intended to promote the process of Niépce, initially with the help of improvements made later on by Daguerre. After Niepce’s death in 1833, Daguerre is awarded such merit in the discovery process, to be known in the future as the “Daguerreotype”.Shortly, after the opening of the first daguerrian studios in New York, the example was taken over in major European capitals, including London, Paris and Vienna. In the British Capital, the first studio of its kind was opened by the great industrialist Richard Beard, who managed to obtain the licence of practice from Daguerre. In June of the same year, François Arago presented before the plenary of the Academy of Sciences in Paris, several portraits obtained in only 10 – 12 seconds by the Bisson brothers. Interested at the beginning in Daguerre's method, Hyppolite Bayard, offcial of the Ministry of Finance in Paris, started his own investigations using different substances and mediums.After the daguerreotype, the Tintype, although it was a variant of wet collodion process, it was invented by amateur photographer Adolphe Alexandre Martin and improved at the same time in England, France and America, by several enthusiasts of photography, being used as an alternative to daguerreotype and it was much more accessible financially.Along with the daguerreotype, it was discovered a new way to obtain images, through a method which had origins in the work of Thomas Wegdwood at the turn of the century, subsequently perfected through the experiments of the Englishman William Henry Fox Talbot after 1835. In 1835, with a pinhole camera fitted with a microscopelens, Talbot manages to capture a window of Lacock Abbey’s library to reside on a small paper and with a longtime exposure. His presentation of the new invention was followed by a statement on 31 January at the Royal Society in London entitled: “Some accounts of the Art of Photogenic Drawing”, and later he called the improved process: the “Calotype”.Louis-Désiré Blanquart Evrard experimented with the photographic paper and his work was revealed by acommunication presented at the French Academy on May 27, 1850, in which he proposes two ways of dealing with paper, one with serum and the other with albumin. Another improved process, one embodiment of the calotype became, with the introduction in 1851 of the paper coated with wax by the Gustave Le Gray, who called it: “waxed paper processing method”. In March of 1851, a British sculptor and calotipist, Frederick Scott Archer, described for the first time in the publication “The Chemist”, a new photographic process based on collodion entitled: “On the use of collodion in Photography”.André-Adolphe Eugene Disderi, discovered after moving to Paris in 1853 new ways of experimenting withwet collodion and the waxed paper of Le Gray. The method produced the photographic cartes-de-visite, which represented another application of collodion technique and consisted in making several frames on a single glass plate treated with this emulsion. A total of 4, 6, 8 or even 12 different frames were made using a camera equipped with as many lenses in the front. One of Disderi’s main competitors proved to be Nadar, who in 1853 opened a photographic studio in Paris in partnership with his brother Adrien.After 1860, new trends in the field of fine art photography were emerging and led to some controversy concerning the so-called “pure photography”, which previously sought faithful representation of reality and the new concepts of pictorial photography that was already taking shape through the work of Oscar Gustav Rejlanderand Henry Peach Robinson. Charles Ludwig Dodgson, known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, also became famousfor the volume of stories “Alice in Wonderland” and practiced photography as a personal hobby since 1856. Julia Margaret Cameron manipulated the photographic negatives to achieve the desired eects by scratches or by the fingerprints left on the printed images, which was often criticized for this by contemporary photographers.The first satisfactory method using dry collodion was attributed to Dr. Richard Leach Maddox from London, who published on 8 September 1871 a brief overview of the process in the publication "British Journal ofPhotography”. Eadweard Muybridge, a British employee as a topographic photographer in California, began to study the various stages of movement of a galloping horse and continued the experiments in collaboration with Leland Stanford, in order to obtain visual information about both the movement of animals and humans.In London, Leon Warneke perfected a camera in 1875 which used flexible celluloid film, using a costly substance, which was composed of India Rubber and collodion and which was subsequently applied to the surface of paper.In last quarter of the century, George Eastman became interested in photography and followed the initiation courses in this area in a local photographer’s studio. In 1879 he patented the first automatic device producing dry plates and his first commercial success was obtained in 1880 with the American company known for photographic accessories, E. & HT Anthony.His first camera model was launched in 1888 as the “Brownie” and had integrated from the manufacturing stage a roll film holder inside. Roll film became very popular in the coming period, especially among amateur photographers and was known as the “American film”. Commercial slogan used by the Eastman’s company Kodak monopolized the global photographic market to mid-twentieth century with the message content: “You push the button, we do the rest”.