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Vucko, Flavien. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des effets de l’hydrogène sur les propriétés mécaniques et le comportement en fatigue d’un acier à haute limite d’élasticité". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0741/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe sensitivity to hydrogen embrittlement of S690QL steels is studied by local approach to fracture. Fatigue tests in air and in saline solution under cathodic protection are performed on micro-notched specimens. Crack is monitored by direct current potential drop method. The mechanical response of the material at the notch-tip is simulated by finite elements calculations.Fatigue mechanisms are investigated by a decomposition method of the flow stress to extract internal stress and the thermal and athermal components of the effective stress. Hydrogen effects on these stresses are also studied.Hydrogen trapping in the microstructure is investigated using electrochemical permeation tests and thermal desorption spectrometry. A phenomenological model is developed thanks to experimental results. This model is able to simulate the local hydrogen concentration in samples with complex geometry.Our results show that crack initiation is highly dependent on the plastic strain accumulation. For fatigue tests on micro-notched specimens, hydrogen trapping in dislocations elastic field is the predominant phenomena in the embrittlement mechanism. For smooth specimens under low cycle fatigue testing, hydrogen trapping in dislocations cells walls is significant and crack initiation is probably localized in this microstructural defect. Both components of the effective stress are also influenced by hydrogen
Macé, Hugues. "Développement de la fabrication additive laser-fil (Wire-Laser Additive Manufacturing, WLAM) d'alliages métalliques complexes à forte valeur ajoutée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4037.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdditive manufacturing has been widely used over the last few decades, especially by industrial companies that adopt it to produce parts made from high value-added alloys. Among these industrial 3D printing processes, the wire laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) has advanced by the emergence of new laser heads that enable a coaxial wire to a ring laser beam. This novel technology offers greater manufacturing flexibility, and could lead to higher quality parts. However, the behavior and interactions of the WLAM process during deposition are not well understood. Consequently, the aim of this work was to define the current limits of the WLAM process equipped with a coaxial laser head to bring, in a second step, technical improvements needed to extend its application to industrial scale. For this purpose, three alloys were studied which are : an high strength low alloy (HSLA), Inconel 625 and a stellite 6G. From these feedstocks, a study of the stability domain was carried out by varying the main parameters such as laser power, wire feed speed, travel speed, working distance and optical fiber diameter. For the two fiber diameters used, the modeling of the ring beam was made to explore the influence of the proportion of wire/substrate irradiance. These parametric studies identified the capabilities of the WLAM process for this laser head configuration, and the importance of monitor parameters such as laser power or working distance during manufacture has been proved. Therefore, the use of control loops to adjust these two parameters during deposition was implemented. For this purpose, a pyrometer and a distance sensor were used to measure the temperature of the melting pool and the layer thickness respectively. Good stability of the process was achieved with their use. Geometries with more than one hundred layers were obtained from HSLA steel or Inconel 625 were deposited without major instabilities. In parallel, the optimization of the parameters and building strategies were carried out for this process to limit defects. Finally, microstructural and mechanical characterizations were conducted on the alloys used with the WLAM. To introduce the application of this process to functionally graded parts, these three alloys were deposited in a single part
Ouvrard, Blanche. "Matériaux conducteurs à haute limite d’élasticité dans le système Cu-Mg : élaboration, caractérisation et modélisation". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14860/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCopper-based high strength conductive alloys are used in a myriad of applications such as transport, energy and electronic industries. The demand for these materials is booming. The strongest conductive alloy is based on the Cu-Be system which has the disadvantage of toxicity and cost. In an attempt to find an alternative to these, we have developed hypoeutectic Cu-Mg alloys. Two synthesis routes were applied to produce endogenous compounds with a unique combination of structural and functional properties: the conventional cooling and the rapid solidification by melt-spinning. The obtained microstructures share the presence of eutectic aggregates and differ mainly by the size of the metallurgical parameters such as grain size and interlamellar distance. The two systems provide high driving forces for phase transformations leading to precipitation during aging. The investigation of the mechanical and electrical properties of Cu-Mg alloys shows that they are equal to those of the Cu-Be alloys. In addition to experimental approach, we have adapted two models: a thermo-kinetic one to describe time evolution of the microstructure which takes place at high temperature and a mechanical one to rationalize the influence of microstructural parameters on mechanical and electrical properties
Stienon, Alexandre. "Contribution à la modélisation de la durée de vie des roulements à partir des caractéristiques inclusionnaires des aciers : concentration, morphologie, propriétés mécaniques". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0046/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDespite important efforts made by steel makers to improve the cleanliness of steel, inclusions are still present in steel and produce spallings when placed in subsurface of bearings. For any steel makers, being able to predict the lifetime of bearings from the inclusion characteristics of the steel is a major challenge. Most of the existing models only take into account part of the inclusions characteristics. The aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to take into account the most important characteristics (concentrations, size distributions, morphological and mechanical characteristics). To create this new model, an approach based on both characterization and modelling has been used. X-ray micro-tomography has for the first time been applied to the detailed morphological characterization of inclusions. The mechanical properties of these inclusions have been investigated by nano-indentation. Concentrations and size distributions have been obtained thanks to high frequency ultrasounds. All these data have then been used for the modelling. The developed model is based on the calculations of stress fields by finite element method. These calculations have permitted to obtain the stress concentrations produced by the inclusions and the size of the region where plastic strain occurs, in which dislocations accumulate and initiate fatigue cracks. Propagation of these cracks up to the surface has then been modelled by Paris laws. For stringers, an additional stress concentration factor has been introduced in order to take into account the interactions between constitutive inclusions. Once this done, a Monte-Carlo method has been used to virtually distribute inclusions in batches of simulated bearings, in accordance with the concentrations, size distribution and other characteristics obtained experimentally. The free parameters of the model have then been adjusted until a good coherence between numerical predictions and experimental results has been obtained. Consequently, it is now functional and can be used as a good tool to predict lifetime of bearing and optimize the elaborating conditions of steel in relation with the sought applications
Ly, Céline Jérôme Michel. "Caractérisation d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité vis-à-vis de la fragilisation par l'hydrogène". S. l. : Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://theses.abes.fr/2009ECAP0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaRivalin, François. "Développement d'aciers pour gazoducs à haute limite d'élasticité et ténacité élevée : mécanique et mécanismes de la rupture ductile à grande vitesse". ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0816.
Pełny tekst źródłaGardey, Benoit. "Caractérisation multi-échelle du comportement plastique en grandes déformations à froid d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité dual phase et TRIP". Paris 13, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA132015.
Pełny tekst źródłaZghal, Jihed. "Etude du comportement en fatigue à grand nombre de cycles d'un acier à haute limite d'élasticité HC360LA : endommagement, plasticité et phénomènes dissipatifs associés". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work, which is integrated in the IRT Jules Verne APSTRAM project, focuses on the high cycle fatigue behavior of a ferritic high-strength low-alloy steel (HC360LA). First, different stress-controlled cyclic tests are carried out to study the influence of loading conditions and pre-straining on the fatigue behavior. According to the experimental results, a uniaxial tension pre-straining allows for a significant increase of the fatigue strength. Using the experimental dataset (force, elongation and temperature), an important effort is made to estimate the fraction of strain energy that is either dissipated into heat or stored within the material during cyclic tests. The strong correlation between the number of cycles to failure and heat dissipated energy emphasizes the importance of plasticity in the process driving to fatigue failure. Second, a polycrystalline model is proposed to describe the fatigue behavior of metallic materials in the high cycle fatigue regime. To consider the anisotropy of plastic properties, the constitutive model is developed at the grain scale within a crystal plasticity framework. It uses continuum damage mechanics to describe the progressive degradation of mechanical properties within an anisotropic context. The constitutive model is then integrated within a self-consistent formulation to consider the polycrystalline nature of metallic materials. Finally, the proposed model allows for investigating the fatigue behavior of the HC360LA steel at a microscopic scale. Damage is found to be highly localized in some specific grains. As a result, while fatigue damage results in a progressive decrease of elastic stiffness at the crystal scale, the elastic properties are not significantly affected at the macroscopic scale. Also, the contribution of damage to heat dissipation is negligible. The correlation between energy dissipation and fatigue failure is therefore a consequence of the strong coupling between plasticity and damage
Huneau, Bertrand. "Influence de l'air ou de milieux salins avec polarisation cathodique sur les processus d'endommagement par fatigue d'un acier à haute limite d'élasticité". Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2316.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study is devoted to the analysis of fatigue resistance and damage in several environments, the air and two saline solutions with cathodic polarisation (a 3,5% NaCl solution and natural seawater), of a high strength steel (SE702) used in offshore structures. A detailed attention was paid to the determination of mechanisms and kinetics of crack initiation and propagation. The fatigue behaviour of the SE702 was characterised by fatigue lives and crack growth rates of self-initiated cracks. These results were compared with those obtained in a secondary vacuum, so that it enables to separate the effects of environment from the mechanical effects. Moreover, the comparison of the results obtained in the different environments made it possible to specify the action mechanisms of the various active species. The harmful effect of the air is allotted to a joint action of oxygen and water vapour whereas the effect of the saline solutions is due to the hydrogen generated by cathodic protection
Frappart, Simon. "Des éléments de compréhension sur les mécanismes de transport et de ségrégation de l'hydrogène dans les aciers martensitiques trempés et revenus à haute limite d'élasticité". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01016688.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuirette, Christophe. "Influence de la microstructure bainitique en pied de cordon sur l'amorcage et la propagation des fissures courtes de joints soudés en acier HLE S550 : application à l'amélioration du comportement en fatigue par traitement thermomécanique". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-95.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLy, Céline. "Caractérisation d'aciers à très haute limite d'élasticité vis-à-vis de la fragilisation par l’hydrogène". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECAP0004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe distinctive feature of Very High Strength Steels (VHSS) is to present a good combination of ductility and high strength. This makes them particularly interesting for the automotive industry because of the increasing demand for the reduction of car weight and the improvement of passengers security. However, it is known that increasing mechanical characteristics enhances susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. The aim of this doctoral thesis work is to study the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement of four very high strength steels : a DP (Dual Phase), a TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity), a CP (Complex Phase) and BAS, a Cr-V enriched high strength steel. Low alloyed steel with lower mechanical properties, HE (high Elasticity) has been used as a reference. Hydrogen transport characteristics in these steels were investigated thanks to electrochemical permeation tests including charging in acid solution, possibly with the addition of a hydrogenation promoter (arsenic). As already observed on other steels, the absence of stationary entry conditions is to be underlined due to its necessity for the evaluation of diffusion characteristics. Diffusivity at room temperature has appeared to be very high in each of the five steels and a correlation between hydrogen diffusion coefficient and microstructure has been drawn : the finer and the more complex it is, the lower is the apparent diffusion coefficient. Moreover, sub-surface concentrations calculated on the permeation transient in the presence of arsenic have revealed relatively high values for the three steels with the higher mechanical properties (TRIP 800, CP 800 and BAS 100). These values comply with the diffusible hydrogen content measured by thermal desorption technique just after permeation. Otherwise, residual hydrogen dosage tests by thermal desorption under vacuum, have indicated that deep trapping is very low for these steels, even after charging under polarisation and in the presence of arsenic. These results can be explained by fine and homogeneous microstructures that are very well developed with few lattice defects. Ordinary tensile tests have shown the necessity of extreme charging conditions (in the presence of a promoter) for VHS steel embrittlement. With an exception in the case of extreme spontaneaous damages created by HIC (blistering, cracking), embrittlement is imputable to diffusible and weakly trapped hydrogen because deeply trapped hydrogen content is very low. In industrial conditions, during acid pickling while in the presence of inhibitors, permeation, dosage and tensile tests results suggest the absence of embrittlement for the steels. Tested inhibitors seem to act as a physical barrier, by adsorption on the bare steel surface, and limit that way hydrogen absorption and corrosion
Mecheti, Othmane. "Apport de la haute performance au comportement de dalles en béton armé". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrih, Intissar. "Dimensionnement mécano-fiabiliste des structures soudées contenant un défaut". Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0017/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWelding is a method of assembly commonly used in the industry. However, this method has several problems, mainly the presence of porosity or residual stress, which can affect the operating performance of a structure. Our study focuses on a welded joint of High-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel.The objective of this thesis is to propose a mechanical reliability based approach in order to predict the reliability of a T-welded structure containing porosity. Therefore, it is essential to have a numerical model that describes finely the mechanical behavior of this type of structure. An experimental study is conducted to identify the characteristics of the areas of the weld and their mechanical behavior. Two measurement methods (method contours and X-ray diffraction) are used to determine the residual stress field throughout the surface of the welded structure.These experimental results allowed us to enrich a numerical model. In the finite element simulation, the residual stress field and the porosity in the weld are taken into account. Numerical simulations are performed using ABAQUS with elastic or elastic-plastic models to identify the areas of security and fracture in a weld bead and the critical configurations. The reliability approach is used to determine the failure probability of welded structure taking into account the uncertainties of the inspection means of porosity
Rekik, Mahmoud. "Mesure et modélisation du comportement magnéto-mécanique dissipatif des matériaux ferromagnétiques à haute limite élastique sous chargement multiaxial". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0019/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research presented in this thesis is motivated by the design of rotors for high speed rotating machines. The increased power density of these devices requires a higher rotation speed, leading to higher levels of centrifugal forces and stress in the rotor. A first point is to ensure good mechanical strength of the materials. A second point is to take into account changes in the magnetic behavior (and ultimately torque) when they are subjected to a multiaxial stress state. The present study aims at exploring the influence of biaxial stress states on the magnetic behavior of the materials of the rotor. The challenge lies in the development of methods for the characterization of the magneto-mechanical dissipative uniaxial and multiaxial behavior of metal sheets developed by Aperam Alloy and used by Thales Avionics for their aeronautical applications (in FeCo-2V and non-oriented Fe-3%Si). Non conventional experiments are performed on cross-shaped samples in order to apply biaxial stress representative of the loadings experienced by rotors of rotating machines. These experiments are performed on a multiaxial testing machine, Astrée. Stress level is estimated thanks to digital image correlation and X-ray diffraction Both anhysteretic and dissipative magnetic responses to magneto-mechanical loadings have been recorded. On the other hand, a multi-scale multiaxial model describing the behavior of a RVE from the energy balance at the microscopic scale is presented. The approach is based on a comparison of the free energy of each domain. A probabilistic comparison is made to determine the volume fraction of domains used as internal variables. Different strategies for modeling the static dissipation are discussed. Then we present the chosen magneto-elastic approach, improving the description of the effect of stress on ferromagnetic materials behavior
Gaied, Sadok. "Modélisation théorique et numérique de la formabilité des flans aciers raboutés laser - Validation expérimentale". Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1730.
Pełny tekst źródłaA Laser Welded Blank (LWB) consists of steel sheets with different thickness and strength levels, welded together to produce a single blank prior to the forming process. However, in order to take advantage of this technology, designers need to overcome the formability of LWBs and be able to accurately predict the LWB forming characteristics early in the design process. In order to forecast the formability of steel based Laser Welded Blanks in the base metal, in the interaction zone and in the weld seam, a multi-criteria approach was carried out. A new 3D formability model to avoid the failure in the base metal was used. This criterion is based on strain and stress gradient through the thickness. The second criteria applied in the interaction zone is based on the mechanical interaction between the two materials. The last model based on a coupled analysis including microstructure aspect, weld pool geometry and ductile fracture model, is used to predict the fracture in the laser seam,. A comparison of numerical and experimental results shows a good agreement. These approaches offer a considerable gain to obtain the Laser Welded Blanks formability for all configurations
Bilat, Anne-Sophie. "Estimation du risque de rupture fragile de soudures de pipelines en aciers à haut grade : caractérisation et modélisation". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186517.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuillemot, Nicolas. "Prise en compte de l'intégrité de surface pour la prévision de la tenue en fatigue de pièces usinées en fraisage". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610030.
Pełny tekst źródłaChottin, Jérôme. "Etude de l'endommagement des aciers Dual Phase : application au procédé de mise en forme par cambrage". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2069.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe damage mechanisms activated by forming processes with high level of deformation are studied in Dual Phase steels (DP1000). The main objective is to describe and quantify the evolution of the void area fraction depending on stress state. This description is meant to allow the anticipation of the material failure during bending. For this reason, mechanical tests are being conducted on samples with complex geometries, in parallel with finite element analysis. By the means of simple tools, these tests allow us to apply solicitations on the material within a determined range of stress states, including most of the forming processes. The microstructural examination of the specimens reveals the creation of cavities at the ferrite/martensite interfaces after the deformation process, as well as a high sensitivity of initiation, growth and coalescence mechanisms in the stress state. These results are used to calibrate the modified Gurson model (GTN) and the Johnson-Cook fracture criterion. In addition to this, nanoindentation cartographies are created to describe the properties of the interfaces during the deformation process. These tests highlight the differences in plastification between the two phases and the heterogeneous hardening in ferrite due to the local stress distributions. Thus, this study deals in wider terms with the definition of damage in materials as well as the differences between macroscopic and microscopic stress states
Rekik, Wissal. "Etude de la ténacité d'une soudure en undermatch : Application à la tenue mécanique de la jonction soudée FE en Al 6061-T6". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor the demonstration of the integrity of the most sensitive nuclear components, conventional defects, as cracks for example, must be considered within the design step as required by the nuclear safety authority. This phase is particularly crucial for dimensioning of welded structures. To ensure a conservative prediction, the position of the initial crack within the welded joint must be the most detrimental in fracture behavior. Commonly used analyzes consider homogeneous structure with the behavior of the base metal of the welded joint, considered as the weakest metallurgical zone in the case of an overmatched weld. In contrast, similar analysis is not conservative in case of undermatched weld. The thesis contributes by the development of an experimental and numerical methodology allowing the identification of the detrimental metallurgical zone in fracture behavior of an undermatched welded joint. The methodology proposed is applied to an electron beam welded joint on Al 6061-T6. To reach this goal, the gradient of the mechanical behavior along the welded joint was first identified. This is particularly interesting to conduct an advanced analysis based on a multimaterial approach. In a second step, the fracture behavior of the welded joint was studied on CT specimen. The transferability of the J integral at initiation was approved on another geometry: this represents an important foundation for the transferability assumption to structure. Finally, a numerical analysis on full scale tube was developed. Residual welding stresses and structural effects were considered. The results demonstrate that the heat affected zone located at 13 mm from the middle of the welded joint is the most detrimental zone for fracture analysis. This contradicts the conventional methods conducted on fracture analysis which consider a conventional defect within the fusion zone
Achouri, Mohamed. "Caractérisation expérimentale et contribution à la modélisation numérique de l'endommagement en cisaillement des aciers HLE. Applications au procédé de poinçonnage". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0038/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main objective of this thesis is to characterize the behavior anddamage of a HSLA materials during the punching process. They comprise in a firsttime, an experimental study based on micrographic observations and macroscopictests at different stress states to identify the physical mechanisms of damage set in.This study is complemented by a numerical simulation modeling of a Gurson damagemodel modified in shear case and its implementation in ABAQUS / Explicit. Anidentification strategy of material parameters based on a wide range of experimentalconfigurations has been realized. Punching tests were performed by varying thepunch-die clearance to test the predictive ability of the modified Gurson modelcompared to the standard GTN model and to decoupled criterion based on the ductilefracture initiation. The influence of the punch-die clearance blanking quality and instress and strain states levels was also highlighted. Predictions of fracture obtainedby this approach and for the material studied are in good agreement withexperimental observations. It remains to validate the model for larger couple’smaterial/process configurations and realize its concatenation with other formingprocesses
Belhadj, Ahmed Abdelwahed. "Contribution à l’amélioration de la rectitude dans l’obtention de produits longs : application aux abouts de rails". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENAM0066/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLong workpieces are characterized by one dimension, usually length is larger than the height and width, for example, railway rails. These products are obtained by hot rolling and then cooling. During manufacturing process, heterogeneity of cooling and plastic deformation induced straightness error. In order to correct this geometrical error, cold straightening process is necessary. Usually, straightening machines are used to correct the straightness of the workpiece center however; the ends' sides were still not straightened. Based on the optical measurement profile, these ends are straightened by mechanical press. The measuring/straightening closed loop is repeated until the straightness of the product is conformed. The process time depends on the knowledge of key parameters related to geometry and material of workpiece. The objective of this research work is to optimize straightening process of the ends of long workpieces. As a first step, the elastic deformation generated during the measurement of long workpiece has been filtered. Then, a coupled analysis of measurement was used to separate error of machine measurement from workpiece measurement, which allowed a better assessment of workpiece straightness profile. Furthermore, based on straightness profile, a semi-automatic straightening methodology has been developed. It is essentially based on an interaction between metrology and mechanics and it is a contribution to the automation of straightening process for ends parts of long workpieces
Bourlet, Clément. "Développement de la fabrication additive par procédé arc-fil pour les aciers : caractérisation microstructurale et mécanique des dépôts en nuances ER100 et 316L pour la validation des propriétés d'emploi de pièces industrielles". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0058.
Pełny tekst źródłaWire-arc additive manufacturing is a new process using a common weldingrobotic cell to build large parts layer by layer. It allows building rough single pieces orsmall series parts with a low cost and a short delay. First developments were done ontitanium and aluminum parts for aeronautic and space applications, but more industriessuch as maritime, oil and gas, railway…are now interested into it. In this work, amethodology is proposed to define suitable process parameters and deposit’s strategies,with the final control of the elaborated parts. Developments are done on both highstrength steel ER100 and austenitic stainless steel 316LSi. The results of theexperimental characterisation enable to show the relations between the manufacturingconditions, the dimensions, the microstructure and the mechanicals properties of theparts, and finally lead to guidelines to evolve the wire-arc additive manufacturingtowards industrialisation
Louge, Julien. "Apports des mesures d’auto-échauffement pour l’étude de la fatigue des aciers : effets d’histoire et cisaillement pur". Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the automotive industry, rolled steels are widely used to produce constituent parts of a car. The high cycles fatigue properties of these flat steel are usually determined in a virgin state of the material (i.e., without preliminary loading) under uniaxial cyclic loading with a constant stress amplitude. However, production of structural parts mostly involves some forming processes that have for consequence to modify the material state and thus to impact the fatigue properties. Furthermore, operational loads condition actually incurred by such a part is often multiaxial and with variable amplitude. The aim of this study is to take into account multiaxial and load history aspects in the fatigue characterization by means of self-heating measurements under cyclic loading. Multiaxial fatigue characterization usually involves a fatigue criterion that required the endurance limit of the material under a shear loading. But this limit is difficult to obtain for flat steel. That why a new shear test and two new disk-shaped specimens were proposed, permitting the use of self-heating measurements. Thus, the endurance limit of the material under a shear loading was determined. In order to study the impact of load history effects on fatigue properties, various self-heating tests were performed considering several initial pre-straining levels, several cyclic pre-loading and several load ratios. From these results, a new probabilistic two-scale model was proposed capable of describes selfheating curves with any load history considered and provides a reliable estimation of these load history effects on S-N-P curves
Pipard, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation du comportement élasto-viscoplastique des aciers multiphasés pour la simulation de leur mise en forme". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00668551.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartin, Pauline. "Plasticity and damage mechanisms in specific multiphased steels with bainitic matrix under various mechanical loading paths : influence of temperature". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC227.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD work investigates plasticity and damage mechanisms of complex phase steels. The bainitic microstructures of such steels, which feature retained austenite islands, result in these steels exhibiting good formability properties, which are of interest to automotive companies. However, the complexity of these microstructures, which are characterised by a high amount of grain boundaries and a high density of dislocations, influences plasticity and damage mechanisms. In order to estimate the impact of a steel's microstructure on these properties, the investigation of metallurgical features of complex phase steels provided by the company Faurecia is performed. Plasticity mechanisms are then investigated by tension-compression tests to determine the influence of long- and short-range interactions on the motion dislocation. Thereafter, the evolution of damage within microstructures is analysed at different stress triaxialities in order to obtain the volume area fraction and the number and average diameter of voids as functions of plastic strain. Finally, to examine the thermal stability of these parameters (microstructure, plasticity, and damage), experiments are performed at a range of temperatures between 20°C and 600°C
Liu, Shibo. "Numerical and experimental study on residual stresses in laser beam welding of dual phase DP600 steel plates". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaser welding process is widely used in assembly work of automobi le industry. DP600 dual phase steeis a high strength steel to reduce automobile weight. Residual stresses are produced during laser weldingDP600. Continuum mechanics is used for analyzing res idual stresses by finite element simulation.Based on experimental tensile tests, the DP600 steel constitutive model are identified. The hardening termaccording to Ludwik law, Voce law and a proposed synthesis model are studied. The temperature sensitivityof Johnson-Cook, Khan, Chen and a proposed temperature sensitivity model are investigated. The strain ratesensitivity model proposed by A. Gavrus and planar anisotropy defined by Hi ll theory are also used.Cellul ar Automaton (CA) 20 method are programed for the simulation of solidification microstructureevolution during laser welding process. The temperature field of CA are imported from finite element analysimodel. The analysis function of nucleation, solid fraction, interface concentration, surface tension an isotropy,diffusion, interface growth ve locity and conservation equations are presented in detail. By comparing thesimulation and experimental results, good accordances are found.Modelling by a finite element method of laser welding process are presented. Geometry of specimen, heatsource, boundary conditions, DP600 dual phase steel material properties such as conductivity, density, specifiheat, expansion, elasticity and plasticity are introduced. Models analyzing hardening term, strain ratesensitivity, temperature sensitivity, plastic an isotropy and elastic an isotropy are simulated.The numerical results of laser welding DP600 steel process are presented. The influence of hardening term,strain rate sensitivity, temperature sensitivity and anisotropy on residual stresses are analyzed. Comparisonwith experimental data show good numerical accuracy.Keywords: Laser Welding, DP600, Residual Stress, Cellular Automaton, Hardening, Temperature sensitivity,Strain Rate Sensitivity, Anisotropy, Mixture dual phase law