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Smyth, Stewart. "Social housing and accountability : towards a framework for analysing critical public accountability". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/321660/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRevelt, Joseph E. "Contextual evaluation a framework for accountability in higher /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.55 Mb., 153 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit?3220747.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Kang. "The design and implementation of a social accountability framework". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95206.
Pełny tekst źródłaNous présentons un cadre de responsabilisation pour l'Internet, qui lie l'action d'un utilisateur à son identité sur un réseau social en ligne. Le cadre est facultatif en ce que les utilisateurs n'ont pas besoin d'être responsables en tout temps, mais les services web différents peuvent envigueur responsabilité de la part de leurs utilisateurs en ne permettant l'accès que pour des utilisateurs responsables. Notre conception est suffisamment général pour que les applications de niveau supérieur peut placer d'autres politiques et les restrictions sur la responsabilité de base prévue. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons la conception, discutons comment les différentes applications peuvent être placés sur notre cadre, et fournissons des données de performance à partir d'un prototype expérimental.
RODRIGUES, Thiago Gomes. "Cloudacc: a cloud-based accountability framework for federated cloud". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18590.
Pełny tekst źródłaMade available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T15:09:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) tgr_thesis.pdf: 4801672 bytes, checksum: ce1d30377cfe8fad52dbfd02d55554e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-08
The evolution of software service delivery has changed the way accountability is performed. The complexity related to cloud computing environments increases the difficulty in properly performing accountability, since the evidences are spread through the whole infrastructure, from different servers, in physical, virtualization and application layers. This complexity increases when the cloud federation is considered because besides the inherent complexity of the virtualized environment, the federation members may not implement the same security procedures and policies. The main objective of this thesis is to propose an accountability framework named CloudAcc, that supports audit, management, planning and billing process in federated cloud environments, increasing trust and transparency. Furthermore, CloudAcc considers the legal safeguard requirements presented in Brazilian Marco Civil da Internet. We confirm the CloudAcc effectiveness when some infrastructure elements were submitted against Denial of Service (DoS) and Brute Force attacks, and our framework was able to detect them. Facing the results obtained, we can conclude that CloudAcc contributes to the state-of-the-art once it provides the holistic vision of the cloud federated environment through the evidence collection considering the three layers, supporting audit, management, planning and billing process in federated cloud environments.
A maneira de realizar accountability tem variado à medida em que o modo de entrega de serviços de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) tem evoluído. Em ambientes de nuvem a complexidade de realizar accountability apropriadamente é alta porque as evidências devem ser coletadas considerando-se as camadas física, de virtualização e de aplicações, que estão espalhadas em diferentes servidores e elementos da infraestrutura. Esta complexidade é ampliada quando ocorre a federação das infraestruturas de nuvem porque além da complexidade inerente ao ambiente virtualizado, os membros da federação podem não ter os mesmos grupos de políticas e práticas de segurança. O principal objetivo desta tese é propor um framework de accountability, denominado CloudAcc, que suporte processos de auditoria, gerenciamento, planejamento e cobrança, em nuvens federadas, aumentando a confiança e a transparência. Além disso, o CloudAcc também considera os requisitos legais para a salvaguarda dos registros, conforme descrito no Marco Civil da Internet brasileira. A efetividade do CloudAcc foi confirmada quando alguns componentes da infraestrutura da nuvem foram submetidos a ataques de negação de serviço e de força bruta, e o framework foi capaz de detectá-los. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o CloudAcc contribui para o estado-da-arte, uma vez que fornece uma visão holística do ambiente de nuvem federada através da coleta de evidências em três camadas suportando os processos de auditoria, gerenciamento, planejamento e cobrança.
Seakamela, Mponana Abednego. "A conceptual framework for enhancing accountability in public schooling / Mponana Abednego Seakamela". Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8300.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (Ph.D. (Education Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
Berns, Torben. "Artifice and witness : representation judgement and accountability within a non-transcendent framework". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69583.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe question arises as follows. If a subject exists prior to the process which is its being, an uncomfortable aporia ensues.
Firstly, if being human is understood as "becoming", i.e. humans can and do appear through the enactment of change, then "being" itself is temporal. How then does this self secure its appearance other than through the very process it assumes itself to be prior to? Such a securing would imply an absolute uniformity and homogeneity not predicated on human-enacted change. If securing is in fact the aim of appearance, and therefore the operative term in judgement, what then are the consequences of action in terms of created results?
In other words, what are the consequences of the temporality of "being"? It continues to produce a world. The second question then is: how does one judge, make and act, toward a future which properly speaking, cannot be our rightful concern?
The question is approached initially through a discussion of the integral terms. In the final chapters, an attempt is made to understand the premise of Marcel Duchamp's Etant Donnes. Duchamp's work is taken as paradigmatic of making circumventing the aporia of self-revelation through becoming.
Spira, L. "The role of the audit committee within the UK framework of corporate governance and accountability". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1998. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/79248156-8d22-c572-1785-2dbf855013ff/1.
Pełny tekst źródłaMushi, Shirley Baldwin. "Transparency and accountability in the legal framework governing the upstream hydrocarbon industry in Tanzania mainland". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32852.
Pełny tekst źródłaParsa, Sepideh, Ian Roper, Michael Muller-Camen i Eva Szigetvari. "Have labour practices and human rights disclosures enhanced corporate accountability? The case of the GRI framework". Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2018.01.001.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbu-Baker, Nafez Ibrahim Ahmed. "Use of an accountability framework as an alternative approach for corporate social responsibility reporting and disclosure practices in Jordan". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309386.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrown, Mildred. "Evaluating the impact of human capital development on economic renewal : an accountability framework based upon Newfoundland as a case study". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11514/.
Pełny tekst źródłaJohnson, Charlotte. "Accountability in health care in Canada, an analysis of its meaning and the development of a conceptual framework for its application". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62763.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKelly, Kevin. "Corporate social responsibility for the knowledge intensive services sector". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/317216/.
Pełny tekst źródłaJansson, Daniel, i Daniel Strallhofer. "Operationalizing FAccT : A Case Study at the Swedish Tax Agency". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276408.
Pełny tekst źródłaRättvisa, ansvarsskyldighet och transparens (eng. Fairness, accountability and transparency (FAccT) inom maskininlärning (ML) är ett tvärvetenskapligt område som berör designen, utvecklingen, implementeringen och underhållet av etisk AI och ML. Exempel på områdets forskningsutmaningar är att upptäcka partiska modeller, ansvarighetsfrågors som uppstår med system som fattar beslut utan mänskligt ingripande eller översikt, och black-box frågor där beslut som fattas av ett AI-system inte kan spåras. Medan tidigare forskning inom FAccT-domänen oftast använder ett av de tre tidigare nämnda perspektiven för att undersöka och utforska etisk AI tar denna artikel en motsatt strategi genom att beakta alla tre perspektiv för att tillsammans kunna genomföra en heltäckande fallstudie. Syftet med denna uppsats är ge konkreta insikter för hur organisationer kan arbeta med etisk AI och ML. De empiriska bevisen samlas in med hjälp av det avancerade dataanalysteamet (ADA) på Skatteverket via intervjuer. Kvantitativ data samlas även in från en modell som har utvecklats och används av ADA. De kvalitativa och kvantitativa resultaten visar att: datasetet som används för att träna modellen är partisk och det finns risker med den nuvarande modus operandi på grund av (1) oeniga åsikter om ansvarsskyldighet och (2) skillnader i läskunnighet och förståelse för AI och ML. Vidare så innehåller denna uppsats också exempel på hur nyligen utvecklade ramverk såsom SMACTR, datasheets och model cards kan användas av ADA i utvecklingsprocessen för att motverka dessa problem, samt de potentiella fördelarna och varningarna som ramverken har och ger. Vi visar även hur teoretiska modeller såsom Larssons 7 nyanser av transparens och Bovens ramverk för ansvarsskyldighet kan tillämpas i en praktisk miljö och ger underlag för deras respektive användbarhet. Slutligen diskuteras konsekvenserna av att ta en kollektiv inställning till FAccT, vikten av etik och transparens och en jämförelse av olika ramverk görs.
Robbie, Robbie Gail. "An Outcome Evaluation of an Evidenced-Based Leadership Framework on Nursing Retention in a Tertiary Medical Center". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1369.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeliso, Tamene Ena. "South-African german centre transnational criminal justice and crime prevention: An international and African perspective". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6381.
Pełny tekst źródłaCorruption is a global problem, which poses a serious threat to the development of countries and their people. Although its impact varies, all nations are facing the evils of corruption and, therefore, the international community calls upon states to take preventive and deterrent measures against corruption. For example, the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) and the African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (AU Convention) obligate their member states to have both legal and institutional frameworks for effectively fighting corruption.
Butcher, Valerie Ann. "Owning the thinking : case studies of how pre-service trainee teachers, training to teach in the post-compulsory sector, construct their professional teaching identities within a framework of accountability". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2013. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/886/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRidington, Morgan Thomas Jr. "A framework for the evaluation of an international graduate economic development program for nongovernmental organization leaders". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4010.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: While nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have existed for several hundred years, their recent surge was largely fueled by several key factors. Firstly, government corruption caused donor agencies to see NGOs as safer investments for their aid portfolios. Secondly, the end of the Cold War fostered growth in development in former Soviet satellite nations. Thirdly, the United Nation‘s (UN) establishment of the Millennium Development Goals galvanized the globe to address indicators critical to combating extreme poverty. Vast amounts of charitable capital combined with donors‘ increasing expectations of performance to spark serious interest in the topics of NGO efficiency, accountability and effectiveness. These topics are foundational to NGO mission accomplishment and have contributed to a global expansion of academic programs in NGO management. The examination of a forerunner of NGO management education helped address the void of scholarship concerning NGO-related academic program effectiveness. The economic development program at Eastern University (US) was created in 1984 as one of the world‘s first MBA programs designed to train entrepreneurs for service to distressed communities. The program quickly grew to over one hundred students and then foundered due to frequent personnel transition, curricular change, mission drift and a lack of investment in relational marketing and outreach. This prompted an administrative intervention in 2002. In 2007, five years into the economic development program‘s reinvention process, a qualitative evaluation determined whether all the essential elements of the program were in place and operating in accordance with the plans put forth in 2002. The knowledge generated by this research will strengthen institutions that serve NGOs and extend the abilities of NGO leaders to fulfill their missions. The following specific aims were established and achieved. Firstly, an analysis of the factors contributing to the management challenges facing the leaders of international NGOs was presented. Secondly, a qualitative evaluation of an international graduate economic development program for NGO leaders using archival analysis verified through iv interviews and focus groups assessed the effectiveness of the 2002 intervention in achieving planned objectives. Thirdly, the research also generated conclusions and recommendations on theoretical, practical and policy-related issues, particularly regarding matters of academic program leadership, curricular development, planning, evaluation, marketing and the distinctive requirements of international programs containing distance delivery components. Fourthly, the research enriched the scholarly conversation in the NGO and academic communities in substantive ways, including two presentations at international conferences and publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Theoretical, practical and policy conclusions were generated as research outcomes and included a theoretical framework for the implementation and evaluation of an international graduate economic development MBA for NGO leaders. The conclusions generated four recommendations for the host institution and others with similar missions and aspirations. The recommendations stated that these kinds of programs should: commit to the discipline of multi-year planning and evaluation, appoint well-qualified faculty to lead them, implement and resource relationship-based marketing plans that engage program alumni, and excel at delivering cross-cultural, highly accessible learning
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nieregeringsorganisasies (NRO‘s) bestaan al vir baie honderde jare. In die onlangse verlede is die belangrikheid en groei daarvan deur verskeie faktore aangevuur. Ten eerste het skenkerorganisasies nieregeringsorganisasies toenemend begin beskou as veiliger beleggers vir hulle hulpfondse as die toenemende korrupsie van regerings. Tweedens het die einde van die Koue Oorlog die groei en ontwikkeling van vorige Sowjet- satellietstate gestimuleer. Derdens het die Verenigde Volkeorganisasie (VVO) met die daarstelling van die milleniumontwikkelingsdoelstellings die wêreld saamgesnoer in hulle pogings om armoede te beveg. Groot bedrae welsynskapitaal en die daarmee gepaardgaande hoër prestasieverwagtinge van skenkers het daartoe bygedra dat daar groter belangstelling was in die effektiwiteit, doeltreffendheid en toerekenbaarheid van nieregeringsorganisasies. Laasgenoemde drie temas is fundamenteel tot die uitlewing van nieregeringsorganisasies se missies en dit het daartoe bygedra dat daar ‘n wêreldwye toename in akademiese programme oor die leierskap en bestuur van nieregeringsorganisasies was. Navorsing oor een van die pioniers op die gebied van leierskap en bestuursopleiding vir nie-regeringsorganisasies het daartoe bygedra om hierdie leemte in die akademieskap van nie-regeringsorganisasies se programeffektiwiteit te oorbrug. Die ekonomiese ontwikkelings-program aan die Eastern University in die VSA is in 1984 as een van die wêreld se eerste MBA-programme wat ontwerp is om entrepreneurs vir dienslewering aan benadeelde gemeenskappe op te lei, in die lewe geroep. Die program was baie gewild en het vinnig gegroei en gou was daar meer as ‘n honderd ingeskrewe studente. As gevolg van verskeie faktore, waaronder gereelde personeel- en leierskapwisseling, kurrikulumwysigings, missieverskuiwing (mission drift) en onvoldoende investering in bemarking en uitreikprogramme, het die program se gewildheid afgeneem. Hierdie afname in die gewildheid van die program het inmenging/intervensie deur die universiteitsbestuur in 2002 genoodsaak. In 2007,vyf jaar nadat die universiteitsbestuur die intervensie geïnisieer het, is deur middel van ‘n kwalitatiewe evaluering vasgestel of al die noodsaaklike elemente van die program toegepas is volgens die intervensieprogram wat in 2002 geïnisieer is. Die kennis wat deur hierdie navorsing gegenereer is, sal vi universiteite en instellings wat nieregeringsorganisasies ondersteun, versterk en die leiers van nieregeringsorganisasies in staat stel om hulle missies uit te leef. Verskeie doelstellings is met die navorsing nagestreef en bereik. Eerstens is die faktore wat bydra tot die uitdagings vir die leierskap van internasionale nieregeringsorganisasies geanaliseer en aangebied. Tweedens is ‘n kwalitatiewe evaluering van ‘n internasionale nagraadse ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogram uitgevoer. Argivale materiaal is geanaliseer en, gerugsteun deur inligting wat verkry is uit onderhoude en fokusgroepe, is die effektiwiteit van die 2002-intervensie bepaal. Derdens is teoretiese, praktiese en beleidsgevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings gegenereer. Hierdie gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings is veral toegespits op leierskap vir akademiese programme, kurrikulumontwikkeling, beplanning, evaluering, bemarking en die eiesoortige eise wat afstandsonderrigprogramme stel. Vierdens het die navorsing die akademiese gesprek en die akademiese en nieregeringsorganisasies op verskeie betekenisvolle maniere verryk. Onder andere is twee aanbiedinge by internasionale konferensies gedoen en is ‘n artikel in ‘n eweknie-beoordeelde tydskrif gepubliseer. Teoretiese, praktiese en beleidsgevolgtrekkings is daargestel en dit sluit onder andere ‘n teoretiese raamwerk vir die implementering en evaluering van ‘n internasionale MBA- nagraadse ekonomiese ontwikkelingsprogram vir leiers van nieregeringsorganisasies in. Die gevolgtrekkings het gelei tot vier aanbevelings vir die gasheerinstelling en ander instellings met soortgelyke missies en aspirasies. Die aanbevelings sluit onder andere in dat instellings wat soortgelyke programme aanbied, hulle moet verbind tot multijaarbeplanning en -evaluering, dat hulle bekwame akademici as leiers moet aanstel, dat hulle brongebaseerde bemarkingsplanne moet implementeer en dat hulle akademiese personeel moet aanstel wat besonder goed toegerus is in die aanbieding van kruiskulturele toeganklike leerprogramme.
Nicolo, Francesca, Elissa Cardoso i Puente Julia Ramos. "Strategic Sustainable Development for transparent, accountable and participatory governments". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-12729.
Pełny tekst źródłaHossain, Mokter. "Self-Organisation in the Governance of Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4398_1269463590.
Pełny tekst źródłaA disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.
Reis, David W. "An Examination of an Information Security Framework Implementation Based on Agile Values to Achieve Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act Security Rule Compliance in an Academic Medical Center: The Thomas Jefferson University Case Study". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/286.
Pełny tekst źródłaDetzen, Dominic. "Conceptual and historical underpinnings of accounting". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-119374.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis cumulative dissertation covers the conceptual foundations and historical evolution of various aspects in accounting. The first article discusses the conceptual framework of the U.S. standard setter FASB and shows that the evolution of the U.S. GAAP conceptual framework in the 1970s and 1980s was considerably influenced by economic factors. The second manuscript employs a conditional-normative approach to analyze the 2010 joint conceptual framework of the international and the U.S. standard setter, in particular the qualitative characteristics of useful financial information. The paper shows that the qualitative characteristics are not a sufficient basis for developing accounting standards. The third article focuses on the regulatory history of asset valuation in Germany and explains regulatory changes by socio-economic and political events. The fourth and final article contains a historical-critical analysis of the concept of accountability, which forms the basis of accounting. The article analyzes accountability at a German university during the Nazi regime and illustrates the limits of the concept
Gardner, Le Gars Joanne Claire. "The implications of wicked problems for the legitimacy of European environmental policy development : the case of environmental risks from the pharmaceutical endocrine disrupter, 17α-ethinyl oestradiol, under the European Water Framework Directive". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33737.
Pełny tekst źródłaBa, Boubacar Demba. "Finances publiques et gestion par la performance dans les pays membres de l'UEMOA : étude de cas du Sénégal". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0062/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBehind many of other countries, those of the West African Monetary and economic Union adopted the management by performance system. It’s a global system of management of public policies, which come in missions, programs and actions. It includes, in the stage of public policies elaboration, to recognize the budgetary restriction which imposes up on everywhere and to specify the framework of these policies and to draw priorities and to consider the long term basis for their execution. The system supposes, in the stage of accomplishment, to grant freedom to managers, particularly in their use of the means, what implies, in return, their accountability. At last, the system supposes, in a third stage, a systematic use of internal control and audit and evaluation
Kisaku, Jobra Mulumba. "Impact of Financial Reporting Frameworks on the Quality of Not-for-Profit Financial Reports". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4644.
Pełny tekst źródłaNget, Sovannarith. "La Réforme Financière au centre de l’Efficacité de la Politique Monétaire au Cambodge". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22004.
Pełny tekst źródłaAfter three decades of the armed conflicts, Cambodia finally has the capacity to accelerate her economic growth and integration into the region and the world. The country must rebuild a sound financial system and put in place an effective monetary policy. We propose to conduct a study on the efficacy of monetary policy of NBC (Central Bank of Cambodia) while taking into account of the underdevelopment of the financial system which weakens the effects of the transmission channels of the monetary policy.Following the literature reviews which highlight the consensus of an effective monetary policy and different channels of transmission, we undertake an empirical review in developed and developing countries. The specificities of financial system of each county condition the complexity and the effects of transmission channels. Moreover, the development of financial system enhances the implementation of monetary policy as long as it enjoys public confidence. We thus emphasize the importance of the reform of financial system prior to conducting an effective monetary policy. Besides, the development of financial system links closely with that of the economy but it is likely to foster financial instability if the country doesn’t have sufficiently sound institutions. The success of the reform requires a number of preconditions such as macroeconomic stability, acceptable quality of regulations, and development of monetary market. The reform was put in place in 2001 (Blueprint [2001]) to develop a sound and efficient financial system based on market mechanisms; it could only partially achieve its objectives. It was revised in 2006 (FSDS [06-15]) to harmonize its objectives with the pace of reform which experienced economic, political, social and institutional improvements.In the current state of development of Cambodia, transmission channels of monetary policy are not fully efficient. We conducted an empirical studies based on Cambodian data to evaluate its effects. It seems that credit channel doesn’t have the impacts on economic growth but on general level of prices while monetary channel has positive and short-term impacts on general level of prices. Our study suggests the existence of a monetary channel and absence of credit channel. In a quest of the suitable monetary policy framework in the current context of the country, we analyze three forms of framework: inflation targeting, exchange rate targeting and monetary aggregate targeting. We also take into account of institutional aspects (independence, accountability, and transparency of the monetary policy implementation), communication strategy, and decision mechanisms of NBC. A monetary policy strategy based on monetary aggregate targeting appears the most suitable option. Exchange rate targeting framework seems to be a second-best option to absorb the excessive volatility and anchor the public expectations
Gashgari, Reema. "Exploring the implications of corporate governance practices and frameworks for large-scale business organisations : a case study on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14347.
Pełny tekst źródłaIlori, Emmanuel Olatomide Idemudia. "A critical analysis of monitoring and evaluation systems for small and medium enterprises: With specific reference to Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN)". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6392.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe significance of small, micro, and medium enterprises (SMEs) development cannot be overemphasized because it plays a considerable role in a nation's economy particularly in developing countries. SMEs' contributions include job creation, expanding the means of sustainable livelihoods and ensuring impartial distribution of wealth amongst citizens. This study evaluates monitoring and evaluation systems, policy and programmes of the Small Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) to develop and transform the informal sector of the economy. The main purpose of the establishment of SMEDAN is to facilitate the promotion and development of a structured and effective small and medium enterprises sector that will provide informal employment for unemployed, and enhance sustainable livelihood and economic development in Nigeria. Unemployment and increased poverty levels are key challenges to the government of Nigeria, which has resulted in socio-economic and political unrest across the nation. Against the background of high unemployment rate, especially amongst the youth and the deteriorating fortunes of small and medium businesses in Nigeria, questions can be asked in relation to current initiatives and policies to support SME sector.
Zylka, Sheryl Ann. "The impact of using the voluntary framework of accountability as a measure of student progress and outcomes at a community college". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/22267.
Pełny tekst źródłatext
Simasiku, Andrew. "Developing a conceptual framework for accountability in Namibian NGOs". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27269.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon-governmental organisations (NGOs) play an important and growing role within the global economy and towards public good. Given the escalating economic and social significance of NGOs, the practical importance of being able to demonstrate their accountability in a robust and comprehensive manner is increasingly being recognised. Perhaps surprisingly, the ability to demonstrate their non-financial accountability is also becoming increasingly important. However, various institutional logics have shaped the face of NGOs’ work, as well as their reporting and their accountability mechanisms. This study therefore examined annual reports of sampled NGOs within Namibia and analysed various institutional accountability logics that shape accountability and reporting in the sector. Extending the literature on accountability logics of NGOs to include local regulations logics, financial and non-financial logic and integrated reporting logic, the study adopted a qualitative illustrative case study of the HIV and AIDS sector in Namibia. To this end, it used 13 purposively selected NGOs, subjecting their documents to analysis and through the conducting of interviews to build both theory and practice. The data were then analysed using content analysis to theme the findings towards the novel contribution it was intended to make. The findings of the study are analysed and interpreted through the lens of the institutional logics theory. The findings indicated that, currently, NGOs do not disclose decision-useful information suitable for all major groups of stakeholders. It is clear from the study that funder and local context regulation logics are the dominant logics in shaping the accountability mechanisms of NGOs in Namibia. The results have an implication for understanding the reporting systems of NGOs, particularly in developing countries such as Namibia. It is argued that extended accountability logics, such as local accountability, financial and non-financial and integrated reporting, are emerging in the NGO sector.
Nie-regeringsorganisasies (NROs) speel 'n belangrike en groeiende rol in die globale ekonomie en in openbare belang. Gegewe die toenemende ekonomiese en sosiale rol van NROs, word hul praktiese belang en aanspreeklikheid meer prominent. Hul vermoë om nie-finansiële aanspreeklikheid te demonstreer, word ook toenemend belangrik. Institusionele logika het die werking, verslagdoening en aanspreeklikheidsmeganismes van NROs gevorm. Hierdie studie het die jaarverslae van NRO's in Namibië ondersoek en die institusionele logika wat aanspreeklikheid en verslagdoening in die sektor vorm, ontleed. 'n Kwalitatiewe illustrerende gevallestudie van die HIV en Vigs-sektor in Namibië bestaande uit 13 geselekteerde NROs is ingesluit om plaaslike regulasie-, finansiële- en nie-finansiële logika met verslagdoeningslogika in NROs te integreer. ‘n Ontleding en interpretasie, deur gebruikmaking van institusionele logika-teorie, het bevind dat NROs tans nie beslissingsinligting bekendmaak wat vir alle hoofgroep belanghebbers geskik is nie. Dit is duidelik uit die studie dat befondsings- en plaaslike konteksregulasie-logika die dominante invloede is wat die aanspreeklikheidsmeganismes van NROs in Namibië gevorm het. Die resultate het 'n invloed op die verstaan van verslagdoeningstelsels van NROs, veral in ontwikkelende lande soos Namibië. Die studie bevind dat uitgebreide aanspreekliksheidslogika, wat plaaslike aanspreeklikheid, finansiële en nie-finansiële asook geïntegreerde verslagdoening insluit, in die NRO-sektor na vore kom.
Zwiimiswa zwine zwa sa vhe zwa muvhuso (dzi NGO) dzi shuma mushumo wa ndeme na wa nyaluwo kha ikonomi ya ḽifhasi kha vhuḓi ha tshitshavha. Ho ṋetshedzwa u gonya ha ikonomi na ndeme ya matshilisano ya dzi NGO, ndeme ya nyito ya u kona u sumbedza vhuḓifhinduleli hadzo nga nḓila yo khwaṱhaho yo fhelelaho i khou engedzea na u dzhielwa nṱha. Ṱhaṅwe tshine tsha mangadza, vhukoni ha u sumbedza vhuḓifhinduleli hadzo hu si ha masheleni na hone ho engedza ndeme. Naho zwo ralo, zwiitisi zwo fhambanaho zwa zwiimiswa zwo fhaṱa mbonalo ya mushumo wa dzi NGO, na nḓila dzadzo dzou vhiga na vhuḓifhinduleli hadzo. Ṱhoḓisiso heyi nga zwenezwo yo ṱola mivhigo ya ṅwaha nga ṅwaha ya tsumbo dza dzi NGO kha ḽa Namibia na u saukanya zwiitisi zwo fhambanaho zwa vhuḓifhinduleli ha zwiimiswa zwine zwa fhaṱa vhuḓifhinduleli na kuvhigele kha sekithara. U engedza maṅwalwa nga ha zwiitisi zwa vhuḓifhinduleli ha dzi NGO u katela zwiitisi zwa ndaulo dzapo, zwiitisi zwa masheleni na zwi si zwa masheleni na tshiitisi tsha u vhiga ho ṱanganelaho, ṱhoḓisiso yo shumisa ngudo ya tsumbo ya khwaḽithethivi ya sekhithara ya HIV na AIDS kha ḽa Namibia. U swika zwino, yo shumisa dzi NGO dza 13 dzo nangwaho ho sedzwa vhukoni, u ṱana maṅwalo avho kha u saukanya na kha u ita inthaviwu u fhaṱa vhuvhili hazwo thyeori na nyito. Data yo ḓo saukanya nga murahu hu tshi khou shumiswa u saukanya zwi re ngomu kha u wana thero zwi tshi ḓa kha u bveledza phambano ine ya fanela u bveledzwa. Mawanwa a ngudo a saukanya na u ṱalutshedzwa nga kha kuvhonele kwa vhushaka ha tshiimiswa, maitele a matshilisano na zwine ha tendwa khazwo. Mawanwa o sumbedzisa zwauri, zwazwino, dzi NGO a dzi bviseli khagala mafhungo a tsheo a ndeme o teaho zwigwada zwoṱhe zwihulwane zwa vhadzhiamukovhe. Zwi tou vha khagala u bva kha ngudo uri vhalambedzi na zwiitisi zwa ndaulo ya nyimele yapo ndi zwiitisi zwihulwane kha u fhaṱa kuitele kwa vhuḓifhinduleli kha dzi NGO kha ḽa Namibia. Mvelelo dzo baḓekanywa na u pfesesa sisiṱeme dza kuvhigele kwa dzi NGO kha ḽa Namibia, nga maanḓa kha mashango ane a kha ḓi bvelela a nga ho sa Namibia. Ho rerwa nga ha u pfi zwiitisi nyengedzedzwa zwa vhuḓifhinduleli, zwi ngaho sa vhuḓifhinduleli hapo, u vhiga ho ṱanganelaho hu si ha masheleni na ha masheleni, hu bveledzwa kha sekhithara ya NGO.
Financial Accounting
D. Phil. (Accounting Science: Financial Accounting)
Conway, Lyn. "The South Australian curriculum standards and accountability framework in preschools: influence and outcomes". 2008. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/47058.
Pełny tekst źródła"Centering and Transforming Relationships with Indigenous Peoples: A Framework for Settler Responsibility and Accountability". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.63013.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Social and Cultural Pedagogy 2020
Van, der Poll Huibrecht Margaretha. "Towards a classification framework for accounting information". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26474.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (DCom (Financial Management Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Financial Management
unrestricted
Osiemo, Lynette. "Securing corporate accountability for violation of human rights: towards a legal and policy framework for Kenya". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22370.
Pełny tekst źródłaOver the last few decades, the debate on the topic of business and human rights has dominated the international scene. Initially, the debate focused on the question whether corporations have obligations beyond making profits. This is no longer contested, and the issue now at hand is the need to define what these obligations are and to determine how they can be enforced. In the history of the development of human rights, the duty to uphold human rights and secure their protection was considered a preserve of the state. However, with changing economic dynamics and increased globalization, it is undeniable that states are no longer the only or major threat to human rights; the modern corporation, much bigger in structure and complex in operations than before, has taken its place beside the state, having as much potential as the state to negatively impact human rights. Kenya adopted a new Constitution in 2010, at the same time that John Ruggie, the Special Representative of the UN Secretary General on Business and Human Rights was finalizing his mandate and putting together his findings based on research he had conducted over a number of years. The business and human rights deliberations Ruggie steered at the international level were expected to culminate in the negotiation of an internationally binding instrument. This did not happen. This study shows that the failure to propose the negotiation of a treaty was not fatal to the Business and Human Rights agenda, but rather that the alternative approach taken presents a more ideal opportunity to prepare the ground for the future negotiation of a treaty. Ruggie developed the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and proposed them as a common global platform for action, an authoritative focal point to direct efforts geared at understanding the corporate obligation for human rights. Although both the Constitution of Kenya and Ruggie’s findings underscore the role of the corporation in upholding human rights, the corporate obligation with regards to human rights is not clear. The main objective of the research was therefore to give human rights obligations of corporations in Kenya greater specificity so that both corporations and the State may more effectively implement them. The study undertook to investigate what the corporate obligation for human rights entails, building on the foundation established by the 2010 Constitution, which provides for horizontal application of the Bill of Rights to juristic persons, and the guidance offered for states and corporations and other business entities through the UN Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework and the UN Guiding Principles. The study established what the obligations under the three pillars recommended in the UN Framework would mean for Kenya. The mistaken belief commonly held by corporations that corporate social responsibility is the same as human rights obligation was explored. The findings also show that the State Duty to Protect will mainly be exercised through the enactment of laws that offer guidance to corporations on what constitutes their duty and how it can be executed in practice. The study therefore recommends that amendments and additions be made to particular laws, the main one being the Companies Act of Kenya, to guide corporations in executing their human rights obligation. Furthermore, a recommendation is made that the Commission charged with implementing the Constitution include a specific section on Business and Human Rights in the National Policy and Action Plan drawn up to implement the 2010 Constitution. This will ensure that due attention is given to the subject, and a clear and comprehensive approach adopted to make corporate accountability for human rights violations a practical and realistic goal. The proposals made for the Action Plan include factors that will improve access to remedy for victims of human rights violations.
MT2017
Osuntogun, Abiodun Jacob. "Global commerce and human rights: towards an African legal framework for corporate human rights responsibility and accountability". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19411.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the 1970s, when third world countries challenged the market-dominated international trade regime, the United Nations (UN) has been engaging without relent on how to fill the gap in business and human rights governance. The gap exists in countries with relaxed domestic regulatory regimes, where multinational corporations commit human rights violations without regional and institutional mechanisms to hold them accountable. From the draft codes, to the Global Compacts and the UN Draft Norms, the search failed to yield the desired result. In 2005, another move was made that produced a compendium of UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP) which was unanimously endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in May 2011. Although it has been argued that the endorsement fills the gap that has been missing in the quest for global corporate accountability, the search continues unabated at the UN forum albeit without the support of some powerful nations for a ‘binding international legal instrument’ that will regulate the activities of corporations with regard to human rights. However, while awaiting the outcome of the recent interrogation on the issue, the UNHRC passed a resolution that the implementation of the UNGP should commence. Since Africa is one of the continents greatly affected by this problem, this thesis considers how the African Union (AU) can develop a framework for corporate human rights responsibility and accountability in line with the UNGP. To this end this thesis proposes a mechanism that will engender a proper implementation of the UNGP; it argues that a new treaty process and implementation of the UNGP are simply different sides of the same coin and that they serve the same purpose. The thesis also considers the adequacy of the existing regulatory framework for corporate human rights accountability in Africa and explores the creation of an appropriate forum for the implementation of the UNGP. Choosing the AU as the suitable forum, this thesis endeavours to examine how some legal and policy-making institutions in the AU can be rejuvenated, overhauled and re-positioned in order to perform effective corporate accountability oversight to support the domestic and sub-regional systems. Furthermore, it attempts to provide possible remedies to victims of corporate human rights violations in Africa.
Yu, Chih-Chin, i 余致蓁. "The Legal Framework of Executing Agencies and Its Accountability of Animal Protection Law ---Focusing On Animal Abuse Control". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dpy499.
Pełny tekst źródła國立清華大學
科技法律研究所
105
The legitimacy of animal protection, after a long period of dialectical and development, seems to have become an international consensus. The central idea of Animal Protection Law in Taiwan has been very clear to be Animal Welfare-oriented. However, to actually avoid animal abuse, there are still many deficiencies waiting to be fix under current legal norms and the configuration of the executive authorities. In order to amend the existing regulations and to solve the problem of confusion and disability of the executive authorities so that animal welfare can be implemented, this article use statutory interpretation and practical interview to analyze the problem, then draw on the experience of other countries of different types of animal protection systems. Through the improvement of the relevant regulations, hoping to build up a most suitable system for Taiwan's animal protection and set up an official animal protection agencies in every local government that combines the function of control, rescue and criminal prosecution. Also, expand the authority of animal control officer, and gain human resource by public-private partnerships to handle with animal cruelty.
Dumela, Shinyumisa Sellinah. "The state of readiness of Limpopo Health Department to implement a result-based monitoring and evaluation framework". Thesis, 2014.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaGlobally, there is an increasing emphasis on results-based monitoring and evaluation (M&E) systems. The emphasis on M&E systems is driven by the need to: promote good governance; improve government’s performance and public accountability; comply with international donor funding requirements; achieve the millennium development goals; and respond to economic and social pressures experienced by countries. A readiness assessment is considered a critical first step and the foundation of results-based M&E system. In light of limited evidence, the aim of this study was to examine the state of readiness of the Limpopo Department of Health (LDOH) to implement the new results-based M&E policy framework. The research approach selected for this study was qualitative in nature, and provided a systematic inquiry of the state of readiness of the LDOH for the implementation of the new results-based M&E policy framework. The study employed in-depth interviews and document analysis to obtain information, in order to bring rich insights, meaning, values and holistic views to the study questions. A key finding that emerged from the study is the existence of an enabling legislative and policy environment for the implementation of the results-based M&E system. However, there are several factors that mitigate against the successful implementation of the results-based M&E system. These included sub-optimal leadership and accountability; structural weaknesses with high vacancy rates and unclear roles and responsibilities; lack of integrated management information and M&E systems; inadequate infrastructure and resources; and problems with M&E culture, capacity and skills development. The overall conclusion of the study is that the LDOH is not ready to implement a results-based M&E system. Key recommendations include dedicated resources (finances, staff, etc.) for implementation, strong leadership at political and management level, strengthening capacity and systems; and focus on the establishment of an integrated results-based M&E system, without neglecting processes and the organisational culture.
Mthiyane, Sihle Goodman Doctor. "Towards an outcomes-based policy evaluation framework in South Africa". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.
Diwa, Zainabu Mango. "Managing the proceeds of crime: a critical analysis of the Tanzanian legal framework". 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3279.
Pełny tekst źródłaLin, I.-ta, i 林怡達. "An Exploratory Study on the Accountability Framework of Government and Nonprofit Partnership: The Case of Community Nanny System in Chiayi County and City". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74748284423490511388.
Pełny tekst źródła南華大學
非營利事業管理研究所
98
Since 2001, the Ministry of the Interior’s Bureau of Children begins promoting community nanny systems at local governments. Until May 2010, 59 community nanny systems has been established nationwide and 13801 nanny received training and visit counseling. This study examines the role of government in partnering with nonprofit organizations in providing child welfare services. To explore the government-nonprofit partnership framework, this study focuses on community nanny systems established and operated in Chiayi City and County. By conducting in-depth interviews, this study collected qualitative data to analyze the determinants, innerving factors, situational factors, response and interaction relations, strategy, and results of the government-nonprofit partnership accountability framework. Research findings show that organizational type, contracting out experience, and service scope affect local governments’ privatization model of community nanny systems that result in different types of accountability requirements and strategies.
Naidoo, Calvin. "A framework to optimise public participation for effective municipal service delivery". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23106.
Pełny tekst źródłaBusiness Management
D.B.L.
Durand, Lenard. "An explorative study on the development of a framework for the measurement of performance and trust". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23272.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndustriaI and Organisational Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (IndustriaI and Organisational Psychology)
Siang'andu, Twaambo Ellah Mapenzi. "The methodology by which transitional justice strategies ought to be incorporated into the International Criminal Court framework". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21168.
Pełny tekst źródłaPublic, Constitutional and International Law
LL. D.
Van, Biljon Ernst Hendrik. "A critical assessment of the metropolitan police mandate within a constitutional democratic framework : the case of Gauteng metropolitan police departments". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research was directed towards investigating if the metropolitan police mandate, as it is collectively perceived by senior metropolitan police officials in Gauteng, is constructive and aligned to the notion of a democratic South Africa. Qualitative data was collected from all metropolitan police departments in Gauteng through an extensive series of semi structured interviews. By adopting a phenomenographic research approach, collected data was transcribed, analysed and hierarchically arranged into a variety of qualitatively different but intrinsically related categories of description. From these categories of description, multiple collective understandings relating to democracy in South Africa, democratic policing and the metropolitan police role emerged. Further analysis revealed that the senior metropolitan police managers collectively fosters a significantly limited understanding of democracy, predominantly based on rudimentary and general democratic principles and values. The collective understanding participants held in relation to democratic policing was also significantly rudimentary and limited, as it principally revolved around the notion of police accountability. Again, the absence of an explicit relationship between participants and South Africa’s democracy was notable. Sequentially, it emerged that participants predominantly do not understand or perceive the metropolitan police department or its mandate as is appropriate within the framework of South Africa’s constitutional democracy. The democratic features of a preventative and proactive focus, objective professionalism and individual and situational responsiveness are thus remarkably absent from these departments. Subsequently, the metropolitan police mandate, as it is collectively perceived by senior metropolitan police officials in the Gauteng Province, is neither appropriate nor constructive to a democratic South Africa.
Olu phando lwalujoliswe ekuphandeni ukuba ingaba igunya lamapolisa esixeko, njengoko libonwa njalo ngawo wonke amagosa aphezulu obupolisa besixeko eGauteng, liyakha kwaye lingqamene na nombono woMzantsi Afrika wedemokhrasi. Kwaqokelelwa iinkcukacha zolwazi lomgangatho kuwo wonke amasebe amapolisa esixeko eGauteng, oko kusenziwa ngothotho lodliwano ndlebe olunzulu nolungaqingqwanga ncam. Kwasetyenziswa indlela yophando ejonga iimeko ngobunjalo bazo, iinkcukacha zolwazi ezaqokelelwayo zahlalutywa zacwangciswa ngokwamanqwanqwa olandelelwano, zangamaqela enkcazelo aneempawu ezingafaniyo nangona zizalana. Ukususela kula maqela enkcazelo kwaqondakala iqela lezimvo eziphathelene nedemokhrasi eMzantsi Afrika, ukugcina umthetho ngokwedemokhrasi kwaze kwavela indima yamapolisa esixeko. Uhlalutyo lwaqhuba lwavelisa ukuba abaphathi bamapolisa esixeko ewonke abonakalisa ukungayiqondi kakuhle idemokhrasi, ikakhulu asekeleze iinqobo ezingacolekanga zedemokhrasi. Uluvo lwabo bonke abathathi nxaxheba xa luthelekiswa nokugcina umthetho ngokwedemokhrasi lwafumaniseka ukuba nalo alucolekanga ngaye lulwazana oluncinci, kuba lwalungqonge ingcinga yokuba amapolisa amele izenzo zawo. Ngaphezu koko, kwaqapheleka ukungabikho kobudlelwane phakathi kwabathathi nxaxheba nedemokhrasi yoMzantsi Afrika. Okulandelayo yaba kukuqaphela ukuba abathathi nxaxheba abaliqondi iSebe okanye igunya lamapolisa esixeko njengoko libekiwe kwisakhelo sedemokhrasi yoMgaqo Siseko yoMzantsi Afrika. Azikho kwaphela kula maSebe iimpawu zedemokhrasi zokuthintela nokulungiselela kungekaqhambuki bubi, ukusebenza kakuhle nokuvelela izinto macala onke kwanokukwazi ukusabela kwimeko ethile. Ngoko ke, igunya lamapolisa esixeko, njengoko libonwa njalo ngawo wonke amagosa aphezulu amapolisa esixeko kwiPhondo iGauteng, alifanelekanga kwaye aliwakhi uMzantsi Afrika wedemokhrasi.
Lolu cwaningo lwaluqondiswe ekuhloleni ukuthi isijubo samaphoyisa edolobhakazi, ngendlela esibonwa ngayo yizikhulu zasemaphoyiseni edolobhakazi eGauteng singesakhayo na nokuthi siyahambisana yini nombono weNingizimu Afrika yentando yeningi. Imininingwane yocwaningo emayelana namaqiniso yaqoqwa kuyo yonke iminyango yamaphoyisa edolobhakazi eGauteng ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge olubanzi lwezingxoxo ezihleliwe. Ngokulandela indlela yocwaningo ebheka ukuthi abantu bacabangani noma bayithola injani into ethile, imininingwane eqoqiwe yashicilelwa yaba ngumbhalo, yahlaziywa yabe seyihlelwa ngokulandelana kokukhula kwayo yaba yizinhlobonhlobo zemikhakha yencazelo engamazingahle ahlukahlukene kodwa futhi zibe zihlobene ngokwemvelo. Kule mikhakha yencazelo, kuvele ukuqonda okwahlukene kaningi eqoqweni elilodwa ngokufanayo maqondana nentando yeningi eNingizimu Afrika, ukuqapha okuhambisana nentando yeningi kanye nendima edlalwa ngamaphoyisa edolobhakazi. Olunye uhlaziyo luveze ukuthi izikhulu zasemaphoyiseni edolobhakazi, ngokuhlanganyela, zinokuqonda okunomkhawulo maqondana nentando yeningi, ikakhulukazi kokuphathelene nemigomo nezimiso ezejwayelekile zentando yeningi. Ukuqonda kweqoqo lababambiqhaza ngokuhlanganyela maqondana nokuqapha okuhambisana nentando yeningi nakho kwaba ngokwejwayeleke kakhulu futhi kwaba nomkhawulo, njengoba kwakugxile kakhulu embonweni wokuziphedulela kwamaphoyisa. Kanti okunye, ukungabi khona kobudlelwano obucacile phakathi kwababambiqhaza kanye nentando yeningi yeNingizimu Afrika nakho kwabonakala. Okwalandela lapho kwaba ngukuthi ababambiqhaza abaningi abaqondi kahle kumbe babona umnyango wamaphoyisa edolobhakazi noma isijubo sawo njengefanelekile ngokohlaka lwentando yeningi yeNingizimu Afrika elandela umthethosisekelo. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezihambisana nentando yeningi maqondana nokugxila ekuvimbeleni nasekwenzeni izinto ngaphandle kokutshelwa, ukuqeqesheka kahle ngokubheka wonke amacala kanye nokubhekana nezinto eziqondene nomuntu ngamunye noma nezimo, azitholakali kule minyango. Ngenxa yalokho, isijubo samaphoyisa edolobhakazi, ngendlela esibonwa ngayo yizikhulu zasemaphoyiseni edolobhakazi esifundazweni saseGauteng, singesingafanelekile nesingakhi eNingizimu Afrika yentando yeningi.
Police Practice
D. Lit. et Phil. (Police Science)
Cournier, Marine. "Sociétés minières canadiennes et violations des droits de l’homme à l’étranger : le Canada respecte-t-il les prescriptions internationales en la matière?" Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10446.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study propose to assess whether Canada meets the international requirements of business and human rights in relation to the supervision it has on Canadian mining companies operating abroad. In 2011, the Human rights Council adopted the Special Representative’s Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in order to implement the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy” Framework. According to this framework, States have obligations to protect and remedy while companies only have responsibilities to respect human rights. After six years of work, the Special Representative on Business and Human rights, John Ruggie, has chosen to give in its Guiding Principles non- binding recommendations in order to help States and businesses to encounter their obligations and responsibilities towards human rights. According to the UN, this universal instrument is the most developed in the field. Thus, it is strongly recommended that companies and especially States, comply those «guiding principles» when they elaborate their respective policies on economic activity and human rights. It is therefore necessary to check first if the supervision exercised by the legislature and the government on Canadian mining companies operating abroad succeeds to comply with the "Protect" principles. On the other hand, it must be checked whether the judicial and extrajudicial remedies available in Canada meet the requirements of the «Remedy" principles. This dual analysis will led to conclude that Canada meets broadly the "Guiding Principles" but could do much more, especially in terms of access to effective remedies for foreign victims of Canadian mining companies.