Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „ABAQUS 6.10”

Pseudo static tests of 10 specimen made of 290 mm thick reinforced concrete masonry wall were finished, then test results were simulated by ABAQUS which use shell element, pamameters of the materials were defined by the comparison between the calculation results and that of the test. A 100 m high reinforced concrete masonry building in China was analyzed, elastic-plastic deformation check calculation under earthquake action by time-history analysis method were detailed. The story drift of the building is 1/666 for fortification intensity 6 and 1/326 for intensity 7 under strong earthquake, it is feasible.

This paper focuses on finite element (FE) modeling using a Lagrangian approach with the ABAQUS/Explicit code to simulate the morphology of CSN 12050 carbon steel chips obtained using different tool rake and flank angles. The cutting operation was performed with a 3D model setup based on the cutting tool to determine the impact of the tool rake and flank angles on the total energy ( ETOTAL), the von Mises stresses, and the cutting force. In these simulations, using adaptive meshing for the tool, 0°, 5° and 10° rake angles, 0° and 6° flank angles, and 0.2-mm and 0.5-mm cut depths were considered as process parameters and the continuous chip morphology was predicted. The tool with 10° rake and 6° flank angles projected moderate machined surface integrity. The FE analysis tool predicted increased von Mises stresses and reduced cutting forces with the 10° rake and 6° flank angles. The maximum ETOTAL and cutting force were obtained for both cut depths when using a tool with 0° and 5° angles. Additionally, experimental results for the mechanical morphology properties of untreated, annealed and recrystallized CSN 12050 carbon steel chips showed that the predicted and experimental chip morphologies agreed well.

The trial work and numerical demonstrating were considered to examine the impacts of strain rate in the rigidity of rocks and cement in the research facility. Three trial of the exploratory work were considered, guide pressure test to get immediate elastic outcomes, Brazilian split test, and three-point flexural stacking test, to get roundabout ductile outcomes. While the numerical displaying utilizing limited component programming ABAQUS, to examined numerically the examples of 48 research facility tests. Immediate and roundabout rigidity tests, arranged two kinds of totals (0-6) mm and (0-12) mm for solid examples and shake tests (sedimentary and changeable) utilizing distinctive strain rates (10-2, 10-4, 10-5)s-1. The test and numerical outcomes demonstrated that strain rate articulated impacts on the elasticity of shake and cement and impacts are reliant upon the kind of shake and cement consolidated materials, and the broke surfaces of the considerable number of examples in all tests turned out to be more straightened with the expanding strain rate. The numerical and test results demonstrate a decent assention. The surmised (11%-18%) contrast between the tests results acquired through trial and numerical demonstrating might be ascribed to the disentanglement utilized in the numerical displaying.

In this study, the static lateral behavior of a battered pile group foundation was investigated using three-dimensional finite element (FE) analysis. The FE model was used to simulate the static lateral load test that was performed during the construction of the I-10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain, La., in which two adjacent bridge piers were pulled against each other. The pier of interest was supported by 24, 1:6 batter, 34 m long piles in a 6 × 4 row configuration. The FE model of the battered pile group was developed in Abaqus and verified using the results from the field test. The model utilized an advanced constitutive model for concrete, which allowed distinct behavior in tension and compression, and introduced damage to the concrete stiffness. The soil domain comprised of several layers in which the constitutive behavior of clay layers was modeled using the anisotropic modified Cam-clay (AMCC) model, and for sands using the elastic perfectly plastic Drucker–Prager (DP) model. FE results showed good agreement with the results of the lateral load test in terms of lateral deformations and bending moments. The results showed that the middle rows carried a larger share of lateral load than the first and the last rows. The pile group resisted a maximum lateral load of 2494 t at which the piles were damaged within a 6 m zone from the bottom of the pile cap. The edge piles carried larger internal forces and exhibited more damage compared to the inner piles. The soil resistance profiles showed that soil layering influenced the distribution of resistance between the soil layers. A series of p–y curves were extracted from the FE model, and then used to study the influence of the group effect on the soil resistance. The p–y curves showed that the group effect reduced the soil resistance in all rows, with the lowest resistance in the third row. Finally, the p-multipliers were calculated using the extracted p–y curves, and compared to the reported p-multipliers for vertical pile groups.

The response of floating stone columns of different lengths to diameter ratio (L/D = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) ratios exposed to earthquake excitations is well modeled in this paper. Such stone column behavior is essential in the case of lateral displacement under an earthquake through the soft clay soil. ABAQUS software was used to simulate the behavior of stone columns in soft clayey soil using an axisymmetric finite element model. The behavior of stone column material has been modeled with a Drucker-Prager model. The soft soil material was modeled by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion assuming an elastic-perfectly plastic behavior. The floating stone columns were subjected to the El Centro earthquake, which had a magnitude of 7.1 and a peak ground acceleration of 3.50 m/s2. The surface displacement, velocity, and acceleration in soft clayey enhanced by floating stone columns are also smaller than in natural soft clay. The findings of this research revealed that under the influence of earthquake waves, lateral displacement varies with stone columns of various lengths.

The analysis of rigid pavements is a complex mission for many reasons. First, the loading conditions include the repetition of parts of the applied loads (cyclic loads), which produce fatigue in the pavement materials. Additionally, the climatic conditions reveal an important role in the performance of the pavement since the expansion or contraction induced by temperature differences may significantly change the supporting conditions of the pavement. There is an extra difficulty because the pavement structure is made of completely different materials, such as concrete, steel, and soil, with problems related to their interfaces like contact or friction. Because of the problem's difficulty, the finite element simulation is the best technique incorporated in the analysis of rigid pavements. The ABAQUS software was used to conduct the response of previously tested specimens under different loading conditions. Good agreement between the laboratory and finite element results was observed. The maximum differences between experimental and finite element outcomes in terms of ultimate loads and ultimate deflection for rigid pavements under monotonic loading are 6% and 8%, respectively, and 10% and 18% respectively for the repeated load.

Abstract The paper reports the results of an extensive experimental campaign, in which simply supported toughened glass samples with dimensions of 500 × 360 mm2 and three thicknesses (6, 8 and 10 mm) were subjected to hard-body impact. A steel ball (4.11 kg) was released from different drop heights, starting from 10 cm above the sample and increasing by 10 cm in each step until glass breakage occurred. In this way, for all samples a critical drop height (causing fracture of glass) was determined. Experiments were carried out for 35 samples for each thickness; thus 105 samples were tested in total. A 3D numerical model of the experimental setup was developed using the commercial finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS and Implicit Dynamic solver. The numerical study was aimed at numerical reproduction of the experiments and determination of the maximum principal stress in the glass that occurs during the impact. To reduce the number of FEs and increase the computational efficiency of the simulations, only a quarter of the nominal geometry with appropriate boundary conditions were modelled. The simulations were performed for a given weight of the steel impactor, glass thickness and the corresponding critical/breaking drop height found in the experimental campaign. In this way, an impact strength of the toughened glass was retrospectively evaluated. The simulations were used to investigate the impact history in terms of stress in glass, acceleration and velocity. Moreover, the resulting history of impact force was determined.

Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) sections are structural members that effectively use the best properties of steel and concrete. Steel tube at the outer perimeter effectively resists tension and bending moments and also increases the stiffness of the section as steel has a high modulus of elasticity. The infilled concrete delays the local buckling of the thin outer steel tube. The interface bond strength plays a major role in the composite action of CFST sections. Provision of rectangular flutes on steel tube on CFST sections will improve the bond failure load and thereby the performance of CFST sections significantly. In this paper, the bond strength and displacement characteristics of steel-concrete composite sections are determined by incorporating rectangular shaped flutes into the steel tube. A total of five sections were tested to assess the influence of flutes on the bond strength. These tested sections are analyzed and are used to develop a finite element model using the finite element software ABAQUS version 6.13. The parameters chosen for the FE study are (i) type of flutes (outward and inward), (ii) D/t ratio (40, 60, and 80), (iii) number of flutes (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), and (iv) dimension of flutes ((20 mm × 10 mm), (40 mm × 10 mm), and (60 mm × 10 mm)). Bond failure load is found to be higher for outward fluted sections compared to inward fluted and plain CFST sections.

The operation pressure of underground salt-cavern gas storage directly affects its stability. Because of seasonal demand and other emergency reasons, the gas storage working pressures always change from high to low or from low to high cyclic variation. In order to analyze the effect of gas storage pressure changing on its long-term stability, considering the salt rock creep, a 3D finite element model was built using the software Abaqus. Moreover, the deformation and analyzed results of the storage under 0 MPa, 4 MPa, 6 MPa, 8 MPa, 10 MPa, and 12 MPa and also circulating changes pressure operation were given in the 10-year creep. It concluded that how working pressures have effect on long-term stability of salt-cavern gas storage. The research results indicated that the long-term creep performance of underground salt cavern gas storage is affected by internal pressure, the smaller the internal pressure creep is, the more obvious the creep and the greater deformation of gas storage are. The greater the internal pressure is, the smaller the deformation of the gas storage is. The low pressure and excessive high pressure must be avoided during the operation of gas storage. These results have an important significance on determining the reasonable pressure of gas storage operation and ensure the long-term stability of gas storage.

This study presents an experimental investigation and finite element modelling (FEM) of the behavior of over-reinforced simply-supported beams developed under compression with a bolt-compression steel plate (BCSP) system. This study aims to avoid brittle failure in the compression zone by improving the strength, strain, and energy absorption (EA) of the over-reinforced beam. The experimental program consists of a control beam (CB) and three BCSP beams. With a fixed steel plate length of 1100 mm, the thicknesses of the steel plates vary at the top section. The adopted plate thicknesses were 6 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm, denoted as BCSP-6, BCSP-10, and BCSP-15, respectively. The bolt arrangement was used to implement the bonding behavior between the concrete and the steel plate when casting. These plates were tested under flexural-static loading (four-point bending). The load-deflection and EA of the beams were determined experimentally. It was observed that the load capacity of the BCSP beams was improved by an increase in plate thickness. The increase in load capacity ranged from 73.7% to 149% of the load capacity of the control beam. The EA was improved up to about 247.5% in comparison with the control beam. There was also an improvement in the crack patterns and failure modes. It was concluded that the developed system has a great effect on the parameters studied. Moreover, the prediction of the concrete failure characteristics by the FE models, using the ABAQUS software package, was comparable with the values determined via the experimental procedures. Hence, the FE models were proven to accurately predict the concrete failure characteristics.

<p>In the paper the strain hardening effect on the contact of a rigid ball and elastic-plastic flat is considered using experiments and finite element method. The experiments were carried out for DC04 steel sheet metal. The flat samples of 20 mm width and 200 mm length were straightened using uniaxial tensile test to receive different strain values: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%. The indentation tests were performed using a modified Zwick Roell Z030 operated in the compression mode. The diameter of bearing steel indenter was 6 mm. It was found that the strain hardening phenomenon and anisotropy of material have a great influence on the ball indentation value and the maximal indentation force. The linear dependence between the normal load and penetration depth is observed. Furthermore, it was found that the value of penetration depth for specific force value decreases non-linearly with the increase of sample strain. Pre-strained samples cut transverse to the rolling direction exhibit higher deformation resistance than samples cut along the rolling direction. The springback analysis in ABAQUS is executed for studying the actual indentation depth after the indenter is unloaded.</p>

Abstract The low-velocity impact finite element model of the carbon fiber-reinforced composite grid sandwich structure was established by ABAQUS. Its panels and grid are both carbon fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The constitutive relation of composite laminates is written into the VUMAT user subroutine using the Fortran language. Simulation of intralaminar failure behavior of composite laminates using the three-dimensional Hashin failure criterion. The quadratic stress criterion and the B-K energy criterion were used to simulate the interlaminar failure behavior, and the delamination damage of the composite panel and the interface debonding damage were simulated. The finite element models of four different types of composite grid sandwich structures, including quadrilateral configuration, triangular configuration, mixed configuration, and diamond configuration, were established. The influence of the single grid width and the height of the grid on the impact resistance of each composite grid configuration was studied. Compared with other geometric configurations, triangular grid sandwich structure provides the best energy absorption characteristics, and T-6-10 has the highest fracture absorption energy (15816.46 mJ). The damage propagation law of carbon fiber-reinforced composite grid sandwich structure under impact load is analyzed.

Holes are often made inside the column structure for plumbing, mechanical, and electrical installation purposes may affect the structural performance of the column. Therefore, this paper aims to model and analyze the effect of holes in reinforced concrete column structures due to lateral loads. Data were obtained from the reference frame structure of the previous researcher, with varying centric column holes of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%, respectively to the column cross-sectional area. Furthermore, a hole with a ratio of 4% to the column cross-sectional area was placed at 5 and 10 mm eccentric to the center of column cross-section to examine the influence of holes position in the perforated column. The frame structure was modelled and analyzed by Finite Element (FE) using ABAQUS software. The result showed that the maximum load, displacement, and crack pattern resulted from the model is close to the experimental result. The results of the analysis showed that with the hole size of 2% to 12% of the column cross-sectional area, the frame strength was reduced by 5.43% to 15.56%. The frame strength was also reduced by 2.77% and 6.14% when the hole placed 5mm and 10 mm eccentric to the center of the column cross-section area. The displacement of the frame also decreases by 59.63% to 74.60% when the holes with the ratio of 2% to 12% to the column cross-sectional area exist in the column. The existence of eccentric holes on the column reduced the performance of the frame structure, by decreasing its strength, displacement and ductility.

Under the combined action of temperature and creep of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) sheet, the interface between CFRP sheet and steel beams which are strengthened with CFRP sheet will produce relative slip. This slip will affect the interface interaction, reduce the bearing capacity and stiffness of members as well as increase the deformation. In this paper, the elastic method is used to introduce the creep effect of CFRP sheet and the temperature effect of steel beam. The calculation formulas of interface slip between CFRP sheet and steel beam, CFRP sheet tension and steel beam deformation under the combined action of temperature and CFRP creep are established. The accuracy of the analytical formula is verified by finite element analysis using the software ABAQUS. The results show that the CFRP sheet tension is smallest at the beam end while largest at the middle of the span. When the stiffness reaches about 3 ka, CFRP sheet tension basically does not change. When the temperature increases by 5 °C, the tensile force of CFRP sheet increases by about 3.7 kN, 1.8 kN and 2.3 kN, respectively. The increase of stiffness under creep has little effect on the change of CFRP sheet tension. The deformation is largest in the middle of the span while smallest at the beam end. Stiffness, temperature (5–25 °C), CFRP thickness and stiffness under creep have little effect on deformation. When the load increases by 5 kN under creep, the deformation increases by about 2.2 × 10−7 mm, 1.8 × 10−6 mm and 9.4 × 10−7 mm, respectively.

Due to the complex operation conditions in a power transformer, an oil-impregnated pressboard (OIP) simultaneously suffers from thermal, electrical, and mechanical stress. Since most research studies have paid much attention to thermal or electrical aging of OIPs, this paper analyzes the effects of long-term mechanical vibrations on cellulose degradation in OIPs under simultaneous multi-stress. The aging experiments were firstly conducted at 130 °C, with a DC electric voltage of +6 kV, vibration amplitude of 10–50 μm, and vibration frequency of 100–300 Hz. The finite element analysis (FEA) of the pressboard vibration model was then performed on Abaqus to investigate the time–frequency domain characteristic parameters of compressive stress on the pressboard under varied vibration frequencies and amplitudes. The FEA results reveal that compressive stress on the pressboard in a multi-stress aging experiment coincided with the axial compressive stress on the insulation spacers in an SZ-50000/110 transformer. Moreover, combined with the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose, the effects of long-term vibration on cellulose degradation are reflected in two ways: the increase in compressive stress on the pressboard generates more links available for degradation, while more high frequency harmonic components in compressive stress accelerate the reaction rate in cellulose degradation.

In order to improve the thermal stability of wide embankment for the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway (QTE) to be constructed in permafrost zones on Qinghai-Tibet plateau, a new kind of reflective-resistant-ventilated coupling structure (RRVCS) was proposed and designed. A numerical model was then developed through ABAQUS to investigate the influences of RRVCS on the thermal regime of wide embankment. The temperature field and thawing depth of normal wide embankment without protective measures, wide embankment with crushed stone layer, and wide embankment with RRVCS were compared to verify the cooling effectiveness of RRVCS based on numerical analysis. Vermiculite powder has great influences on the thermal property of asphalt mixture, and it can be reduced by 22.8%, 29.5%, 37.3%, and 50.6% after the addition of 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% vermiculite powder, respectively. Under the same condition, the temperature of RRVCS embankment is the lowest and its thermal stability is the best. Setting crushed stone layer can improve the thermal stability of embankment. However, the improvement is limited for wide embankment with width exceeding 26 m. RRVCS has the best protective effects on the thermal stability of wide embankment and is recommended as a protective measure for wide embankment of expressway in permafrost regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

In this article, a parametric study on the lateral-torsional buckling performance of thin-walled cold-formed steel Hybrid Double-I-Box Beams through numerical analyses has been presented. These built-up beams have distinctive cross-section geometry; the presence of more section modulus at the flanges provides high resistance to flexural bending and the closed-box portion offers high stiffness to resist torsion and lateral buckling. Therefore, these beams can be used for longer spans. The nonlinear finite element analysis was performed using ABAQUS software. All the beams were modelled as ideal finite element models adopting simply supported boundary conditions and loads were applied as end moments. To acquire a large number of data, three varying parameters were considered namely, hybrid parameter ratio, that is, yield strength of flange steel to web steel (1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7); ratio of breadth to depth of the beam (4/6, 5/6, 6/6 and 7/6); and length of the beam (1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 in m). The thickness of both the flanges and the webs were 2.5 mm. All these parameters alter the overall slenderness of the members. It is shown that at larger spans, Hybrid Double-I-Box Beams experience lateral buckling. The results obtained from the numerical studies were plotted on nondimensional moment versus nondimensional slenderness graph. These results were compared with the predictions using effective width method design rules specified in Euro codes EN 3-1-3 and buckling curve-d of EN 3-1-1, which was originally adopted lateral-torsional buckling capacities of hot-rolled steel ‘I’ sections, and the adequacy is checked. It was found that Hybrid Double-I-Box Beams has higher lateral-torsional buckling capacity than common ‘I’ or box sections. Hence, a new simplified design equation was proposed for determining lateral-torsional buckling capacity of Hybrid Double-I-Box Beams.

The main objective of this research is to develop a numerical model of vehicle damage caused by an explosion of a mine, as well as to find the most favorable case of V-hull geometry and to point out a possible solution for mitigating the effects of mine explosion on an armored vehicle. Seven different V-hull geometries were considered and structure damage analysis was performed for all seven options. Also, the mass change for different geometries was analyzed. The effect of the mine explosion on the target structure was analyzed using the overpressure function according to the empirical CONWEP model, using Abaqus / Explicit software. An example of an explosion of 8 kg of Composition B acting on a vehicle with a total mass of 8000 kg was analyzed. The vehicle has two main parts - the cabin with mass of 6 t and a V-hull of mass of 2 t. The V-shaped hull in all the examples shown is made of 10 mm thick plates of Hardox 400 steel. The position of the explosive charge is the same for all geometry examples and is 0.6 m below the center of the vehicle. After analysis of the obtained results the most favorable V-hull geometry is determined. The guidelines for the further work and model improvement are suggested.

The ballistic resistance of mild steel plates has been studied against 7.62 AP projectiles through numerical simulations using ABAQUS/Explicit commercial finite element package. The projectiles were impacted on 4.7, 6, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 25 mm thick target plates at varying incidence angles. The material parameters proposed by authors for the Johnson–Cook model were used to predict the material behavior of target, while the material behavior of projectile was incorporated from the available literature. The numerical results thus obtained have been compared with the experiments available in the literature. The experimental and numerical results with respect to failure mechanism, residual projectile velocity, and maximum angle for perforation and the effect of configurations on spacing and critical angle of ricochet have been compared. A close correlation between the experimental findings and the predicted results has been found. In general, the resistance of target has been found to increase with an increase in target obliquity. The critical angle of the projectile ricochet has been found to decrease with an increase in target thickness. The ballistic limit for all given thicknesses of mild steel targets has also been obtained numerically. The ballistic limit thus obtained has been used to calibrate the Recht–Ipson empirical model for calculating the residual projectile velocity corresponding to a given incidence velocity. Simulations were also done for three-layered target of 4.7- and 6-mm-thick plate and spacing was varied to study its effect on their ballistic resistance. The variation of spacing at normal impact was found to have an influence as long as the spacing was smaller than the projectile length.

Suvaržytą lenkimą apibūdina skersinis lenkimas, esant suvaržytiems arba neleistiniems atraminių taškų poslinkiams. Jei medžiagos tempimo ir gniuždymo savybės skiriasi, suvaržyti poslinkiai gali iš esmės pakeisti konstrukcijos atsparumą. Betoninėse konstrukcijose atsiranda svarbios gniuždymo membraninės jėgos. Šis reiškinys vadinamas arkos efektu [1, 2]. Jis sustiprina konstrukciją bet daro neigiamą. įtaką jos pastovumui (1 pav.). Nagrinėjami viena kryptimi armuotų gelžbetoninių plokščių iteraciniai sprendimai, taikant baigtinius elementus ir tampraus-plastiško tempiamo betono modelį (2 pav.) bei skirtingas jo aproksimacijas. Analizė gali būti atliekama naudojant ir standartinę baigtinių elementų programą (ABAQUS), tačiau ji gana sudėtinga ir jautri pradiniams duomenims. Todėl baigtinių elementų programų panaudojimas inžneriniams tikslams yra abejotinas, reikia supaprastinto metodo. Toks metodas pateikiamas 3 skyriuje. Jo pagrindas yra netampraus (už plastinio deformavimo ribos) apskaičiavimo metodas, remtasi ir autorių ankstesniais pasiūlymais [3,7]. Metodas pagrįstas ribinės pusiausvyros metodu (standus plastinis modelis) (6 pav.), įvertinant tamprias plokštės ir jos atramų deformacijas. Metodo taikymas viena kryptimi armuotoms gelžbetoninėms plokštėms (4) leidžia kokybiškai tiksliai aprašyti apkrovos-įlinkio priklausomybę. Analitiniai apskaičiavimo rezultatai (4) lyginami su iteracine BEM analizės rezultatais standžiai įtvirtintoms juostoms (7 pav.). Rezultatų atitikimas taikant abu metodus yra pakankamas, jeigu juostos vidutinis pasiduodamumas Cbr yra lygus pusei tampraus pasiduodamumo (2). Rezultatai, gauti taikant abu metodus, yra palyginti su bandymų rezultatais (8 pav.), įvertinant jų priklausomybę nuo atramų plokštumoje pasiduodamumo. Deformuojamų atramų atveju geresnis rezultatų atitikimas yra gaunamas tuo atveju, kai įvertinama armavimo pasiskirstymo įtaka juostos standumui, skaičiuojamam pagal (10). Paprastos aproksimacijos metodas, kuriam nereikia papildomų žinių, priešingai negu kad elementari ribinė analizė, leidžia patikimai įvertinti ribinį vienos krypties armuotos suvaržytos plokštės stiprumą.

In order to study the residual stress profile of 7050-T7451 aluminum sheet with groove after laser shock peening (LSP), the residual stress distribution was measured. It is shown that the residual stress decreases gradually from the center to the edge of groove; and then there is the minimum value at the edge of the groove bottom surface. By using ABAQUS software to establish three-dimensional finite element model for 7050 aluminum sheet with groove, and the load was applied by VDLOAD subroutine. The finite element analysis was performed and the analysis results were compared with the experimental measurements, in which the both the results agree with each other very well. And then the residual stress distribution of the sheet was analyzed after laser shock peening under different laser processing parameters. It is shown that the residual stress decreases firstly and then increases with the rise of laser power density from 0.84 GW/cm2 to 5.29 GW/cm2. And the residual stress obtains the minimum value -230 MPa at the laser power density of 3.06 GW/cm2. With the increasing of spot diameter from 4 mm to 6 mm, the residual stress increased from -214 MPa to -30 MPa. With the increasing of laser pulse width from 10 ns to 40 ns, the residual stress decreased from -21 MPa to -288 MPa; and the depth of the compressive residual stress increased too. For all simulations under different LSP parameters, the minimum surface residual stress achieved at the bottom surface of the groove as well.

The reinforced concrete (RC) piers of offshore bridges inevitably experience seawater freeze–thaw cycles due to the periodic movement of tides in cold climates. The damage caused by seawater freeze–thaw cycles will reduce the durability and mechanical properties of concrete, and then affect the seismic performance of RC piers. The method of seismic performance analysis on RC piers by numerical simulation is gradually emerging because the process of the conventional experiment is relatively complicated, and the heterogeneity and degradation of concrete after seawater freeze–thaw cycles should be considered. In this study, the method of meso-element equivalent and layered modeling was used to simulate a low cyclic loading test on an RC pier after seawater freeze–thaw cycles with ABAQUS software. The numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results; the deviation value of peak load was not more than 6%, and the deviation value of peak displacement was not more than 10%. The result of the numerical simulation matched well with the experimental results, and the influence of different parameters was analyzed through the practical method of numerical simulation. It can be determined that the peak load decreased by 11%, while the peak displacement increased by 40% after 125 seawater freeze–thaw cycles. In the same 125 freeze–thaw cycles, the peak load increased by 15% and 27% while the axial compression ratio and the longitudinal reinforcement diameter increased. As the stirrup spacing of specimens decreased, the peak load remained unchanged, but the ductility coefficient of the specimens increased by 20%.

Tricycle landing gear adalah konfigurasi landing gear pada pesawat dengan nose landing dan main landing. Analisis kekuatan komposit sandwich dengan beban impact bertujuan mengetauhi kekuatan maksimal yang dapat ditahan oleh sandwich dengan beberapa lapisan lamina yang disusun dengan variasi arah orientasi serat untuk mendapatkan kekakuan,mengetahui jenis kerusakan akibat pembebanan yang berlebihan. Optimisasi arah serat dilakukan untuk memperoleh variasi arah serat yang optimal dalam menerima pembebanan, didapatkan arah serat optimal yakni [(0)(45)(-45)(90)(0)]s dengan nilai Tsai-hill yang signifikan dari 0.091052752 menjadi 0.057597845 setelah optimisasi. Simulasi pembebanan impact dengan variasi kecepatan vertikal 2 m/s, 3 m/s 4 m/s, 6 m/s, 8 m/s, 10 m/s, 12 m/s, 15 m/s dengan menggunakan metode elemen hingga dengan memanfaatkan software Abaqus CAE pada model main landing gear dan melakukan pengujian hingga didapatkan besar displacement, stress dan strain. Dengan dilakukakannya pengujian maka diperoleh bahwa struktur main landing gear mampu menahan kecepatan landing hingga 12 m/s dengan besar tegangan sumbu X (S11) 447,118 Mpa, tegangan sumbu Y (S22) 30,4995 Mpa, tegangan geser sebesar 26,2218 Mpa dengan besar displacement 11,9461 mm dan nilai tsai-hill sebesar 0,5920. Pada kecepatan landing 15 m/s struktur landing gear mengalami kegagalan dengan nilai tsai-hill yang telah melewati indeks kegagalan 1, dengan besar tegangan sumbu X (S11) 477,556 mpa, tegangan sumbu Y (S22) 44,4075 Mpa, tegangan geser sebesar 35,2047 Mpa dengan besar displacement sebesar 15,8297 mm dan nilai tsai-hill sebesar 1,1336 dimana kecepatan landing ini struktur landing gear mengalami kegagalan ditandai dengan nilai tsai-hill yang telah melampui nilai indeks kegagalan 1. Kata kunci: Main Landing Gear, UAV, Drop Impact, Komposit Sandwich.

This paper investigates the distribution of the sunshine temperature field in bridge structures. To implement thermodynamic boundary conditions on the structure under the influence of sunshine, this study utilized the FILM and DFLUX subroutines provided by ABAQUS. Based on this method, the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder of a cable-stayed bridge was analyzed. The results showed that the simulated temperature values were in good agreement with the measured values. The temperature difference between the internal and external surfaces of the box girder under the influence of sunshine was significant, with the maximum negative temperature difference appearing around 6:00 a.m. and the maximum positive temperature difference appearing around 2:00 p.m. The temperature gradient of the box girder section calculated by the method presented a C-shaped distribution pattern, which differs from the double-line distribution pattern specified in the current “General Specifications for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts” in China (JTG D60-2015). Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of thermal parameters using the proposed simulation method for the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder was conducted, and the results indicated that the solar radiation absorption coefficient had a significant impact on the temperature field. A 30% increase or decrease in the solar radiation absorption coefficient caused the maximum temperature change on the surface of the structure to exceed 10 °C. This paper provides an accurate simulation of the sunshine temperature field of the concrete box girder of a cable-stayed bridge, and the research results are significant for controlling bridge alignment and stress state during the construction period, ensuring the reasonable initial operating state of the bridge, and enhancing the sustainability of the structure.

Micropropagation of hemp (Cannabis sativa) is constrained by problems with hyperhydricity and culture decline of microshoots. These problems can be reduced by increasing agar and nutrients in the media during micropropagation stages 1 and 2, respectfully. Performance of microshoots of ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ hemp cultured in Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium (DKW) for 15 weeks (6 weeks of stage 1 + 9 weeks of stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks during both stages 1 and 2, or in Murashige and Skoog with vitamins medium (MS) for 6 weeks (stage 1) followed by Lubell-Brand Cannabis medium (LBC) for 9 weeks (stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks during both stages 1 and 2, was evaluated. In a separate study, microshoot performance of ‘Abacus’ and ‘Wife’ in MS for 3 weeks (stage 1) followed by LBC for 6 weeks (stage 2), with subculturing every 3 weeks, using boxes (Magenta GA-7) with lids featuring a vent with a diameter of 10 mm and a pore size of 0.2 µM or using microboxes (Sac O2 O95/114 + OD95) with lids featuring a filter (Sac O2 #10) were evaluated. Shoot multiplication rate (SMR) and explant height were greater for ‘Abacus’ in LBC than DKW. For ‘Wife’, SMR at 9 weeks was greater in LBC, as LBC provided more nutrients and water than cultures had received in MS initially during stage 1. Culture medium did not influence ex vitro rooting success, which was 75% for ‘Abacus’ and ≥ 90% for ‘Wife’. Microboxes resulted in greater hyperhydricity of shoots and a lower ex vitro rooting percentage than boxes. For cultivars that are highly prone to developing hyperhydricity, like ‘Abacus’, the microboxes were not adequate to control this condition.

Penelitianfinidbertujuankuntukxmengetahui pengaruhhpenggunaanymedia abakus terhadapykonsep berhitung matematika pengurangan dan pembagian anak tunanetra kelas IV SLB –A TPA Jember.hPenelitiangini menggunakanfmetode SubjectyResearch (SSR) dengan desainyA-B Subject penelitianuinigsiswa tunanetraqinisialwJ.hPenelitian inikdilakukan sebanyak 10 sesi pertemuangyang dilakukanxpada dua fasehyaitu 4 sesi fase baseline (A) serta 6 sesi fase intervensi (B). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh media abakus terhadap konsep berhitung pengurangan dan pembagian pada anak tunanetra hal ini ditunjukkan dengan data nilai yang diperoleh pada fase baselinez(A) adalah 31,25%, 37,5%, 37,5%, dan 43,75%. Sedangkan pada fase intervensi (B) antara lain 87,5%, 87,5%, 87,5%, 87,5%, 93,75%, 93,75%. Dari data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis dalam kondisi dan analisis antar kondisi. Hasil data analisis dalam kondisi serta analisis antar kondisi menunjukkan bahwa mean level fase baselinet(A)syaitu 37,5% sedangkan fase intervensi mean level(B) 89,58%, serta selisih perubahan level dari fase baseline (A) sanpai fase intervensi (B) yaitu meningkat (+43,75%).Dengan Perubahan kecenderunganharahnya adalah meningkat dan presentase overlap 0%. Maka diketahui bahwa adanya pengaruh penggunaan media abakus terhadap konsep berhitung pengurangan dan pembagian terhadap konsep berhitung matematika pengurangan dan pembagian pada anak tunanetra kelas IV Di SLB–A TPA Jember

ABSTRACT Oral immunization of mice with a Salmonella vaccine expressing colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli results in the rapid onset of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 production, which explains the observed elevations in mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG1 antibodies. In contrast, oral immunization with the Salmonella vector does not result in the production of Th2-type cytokines. To begin to assess why such differences exist between the two strains, it should be noted that in vitro infection of RAW 264.7 macrophages resulted in the absence of nitric oxide (NO) production in cells infected with the Salmonella-CFA/I vaccine. This observation suggests differential proinflammatory cytokine production by these isogenic Salmonella strains. Upon measurement of proinflammatory cytokines, minimal to no tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1α, IL-1β, or IL-6 was produced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected RAW 264.7 or peritoneal macrophages, but production was greatly induced in Salmonella vector-infected macrophages. Only minute levels of IL-12 p70 were induced by Salmonella vector-infected macrophages, and none was induced by Salmonella-CFA/I-infected macrophages. The absence of IL-12 was not due to overt increases in production of either IL-12 p40 or IL-10. CFU measurements taken at 8 h postinfection showed no differences in colonization in RAW 264.7 cells infected with either Salmonella construct, but there were differences in peritoneal macrophages. However, after 24 h, the Salmonella vector strain colonized to a greater extent in RAW 264.7 cells than in peritoneal macrophages. Infection of RAW 264.7 cells or peritoneal macrophages with either Salmonella construct showed no difference in macrophage viabilities. This evidence shows that the expression of CFA/I fimbriae alters how macrophages recognize or process salmonellae and prevents the rapid onset of proinflammatory cytokines which is typical during Salmonella infections.

Background and Objective: This study investigated the influence of beers of different alcohol content on haematological indices of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Three brands of beers commonly consumed within Nigeria were purchased and administered to the experimental animals for 21 days. Group 1 was the control. Group 2 and group 3 were administered 10 mL/kg bw and 20 mL/kg bw of beer A respectively. Group 4 and group 5 were administered 10 mL/kg bw and 20 mL/kg bw of beer B respectively, while group 6 and group 7 were administered 10 mL/kg bw and 20 mL/kg bw of beer C respectively. The haematological analysis was carried out using Abacus 380. Results: White blood cell (WBC) count increased in all the test groups compared with the normal control. The increase is significant (P<0.05) in groups 3, 5, 6 and 7. Lymphocyte (LYM) increased non-significantly (P>0.05) in groups 2, 5, 6 and 7, but reduced non-significantly (P>0.05) in groups 3 and 4 compared to the control. Mid-size cells (MID) reduced non-significantly (P>0.05) in group 6, but increased non-significantly (P>0.05) in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 compared to the control. Granulocyte (GRA) increased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group 6, but reduced non-significantly (P>0.05) in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 compared to the control. Red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) showed no significant alteration (P>0.05) in all the test groups compared to the control. RBC reduced in all the test groups; Hb reduced in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, but increased in group 6, while PCV reduced in groups 2, 4 and 7, but increased in groups 3, 5 and 6. Platelet (PLT) and plateletcrit (PCT) increased significantly (P<0.05) in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7, but increased non-significantly (P>0.05) in group 6 compared to the control. Conclusion: The result showed that regular consumption of these beers of different concentrations as used in this study may induce intoxication and influence certain immune indexes, but may not induce anaemia. It also encourages the production of platelets and may promote the stoppage of bleeding resulting from an injury.

Background and objective: Osteoarthritis is the most common chronic osteoarthrosis disease. There are complex factors that lead to osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the molecular mechanism of osteoarthritis, especially the mechanism of articular cartilage degeneration. In this study, the mechanism of FPR1 (formyl peptide receptor 1) in LPS (lipopolysaccharide) induced chondrogenic cell ATDC5 was investigated.Materials and methods: We employed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assay to analyze the expression level of FPR1 in ATDC5 cell linesinduced by LPS at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL concentrations. Then we constructed the FPR1 knockdown plasmid to transfect the LPS-ATDC5. MTT assay was used to test cell viability in control, LPS, LPS+shNC and LPS+shFPR1 groups. ELISA and RT-qPCR assay were employed to examine the TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α)、IL-6 and IL-1β expression level. Flow cytometry and western blot assay were employed to analyze the apoptosis of LPS-ATDC5. Finally, we utilized the western blot assay to text related protein expression level of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway.Results: In this study, we found the expression level of FPR1 was increased in LPS-ATDC5, downregulation of FPR1 improves the survival rate and alleviates inflammatory response of LPS-ATDC5. Meanwhile, downregulation of FPR1 alleviates apoptosis of LPS-ATDC5. Finally, downregulation of FPR1 inhibits the MAPK signal pathway.Conclusion: Present study revealed that FPR1 was highly expressed in LPS-induced chondrocytes ATDC5, and the downregulation of FPR1 abated the inflammatory response and apoptosis of LPS-ATDC5 cells by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway.

e18320 Background: A number of frameworks for assessing the value of cancer treatments such as the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s evidence blocks, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center’s Drug Abacus and ASCO’s value framework have been developed to help address the rising cost of cancer treatments. Yet the methodological basis for the inclusion of differing attributes, how to incorporate other contextual considerations and understand stakeholder trade-offs is unclear. This qualitative study aimed to identify contextual factors prioritized by stakeholders for inclusion in oncology value frameworks. Methods: A scoping review identified attributes currently included in value frameworks. Nominal group technique methods were then used in 3 focus groups representing cancer patients, oncology nurses, and physicians across a range of cancer specialties. Each group was tasked with ‘identifying important treatment features’ based on their own experience. Following discussions, participants ranked attributes in order of importance and group consensus identified the ‘top 6’ factors. Results: Twenty-one attributes were identified by the patient (n = 9), nurse (n = 10) and physician (n = 6) focus groups. All identified efficacy and safety/toxicity. Long-term adverse effects, alternative treatment options, quality of evidence and reputation of the treating oncologist/center were prioritized by patients. Nurse preferences centered on mode of administration, quality of life, communication and treatment innovation. Physicians focused on the burden and inconvenience of treatments to patients, functional outcomes, financial toxicity to patients, and societal costs. Conclusions: Although efficacy and safety/toxicity were prioritized in all groups, the prioritization of contextual factors across stakeholders highlights the need to further understand the relative value of possible ‘other’ attributes currently not reflected in frameworks thus, possibly failing to reflect the preferences of stakeholders.

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Abstract. The subject of this work is examination of API J55 steel casing pipes manufactured by high frequency (HF) contact welding. Since the pipes were withdrawn after about 70 000 hours of service in an oil drilling rig, the influence of the exploitation conditions on the material properties is determined. Experimental analysis includes tensile, impact toughness and fatigue testing of the specimens cut from the exploited pipe and the new pipe manufactured from the same-grade material. Additionally, pipe with flaws (stress concentrators) is tested by subjecting to internal pressure. The analysed stress concentrators represent defects which are often found in the exploitation: localized corrosion damages (corrosion pits). They were simulated by machining on the external surface of the pipe wall. The behavior of the pipes with these defects is determined by strain measurement and finite element analysis in software package Abaqus. The dimensions of the defects are varied, in order to determine the dependence of load carrying capacity on their depth and length. Several expressions from the literature are applied for estimation of the maximum pressure in damaged pipelines, and the solutions are compared with the predictions of finite element models. 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Summary The article defines Liouville numbers, originally introduced by Joseph Liouville in 1844 [17] as an example of an object which can be approximated “quite closely” by a sequence of rational numbers. A real number x is a Liouville number iff for every positive integer n, there exist integers p and q such that q > 1 and It is easy to show that all Liouville numbers are irrational. Liouville constant, which is also defined formally, is the first transcendental (not algebraic) number. It is defined in Section 6 quite generally as the sum for a finite sequence {ak}k∈ℕ and b ∈ ℕ. Based on this definition, we also introduced the so-called Liouville number as substituting in the definition of L(ak, b) the constant sequence of 1’s and b = 10. Another important examples of transcendental numbers are e and π [7], [13], [6]. At the end, we show that the construction of an arbitrary Lioville constant satisfies the properties of a Liouville number [12], [1]. We show additionally, that the set of all Liouville numbers is infinite, opening the next item from Abad and Abad’s list of “Top 100 Theorems”. We show also some preliminary constructions linking real sequences and finite sequences, where summing formulas are involved. In the Mizar [14] proof, we follow closely https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liouville_number. The aim is to show that all Liouville numbers are transcendental.

Routine in-situ and laboratory investigations carried out for the basic design failed to provide reliable values for compressibility and consolidation parameters of soft clay layers at the site of a terminal to be built in Santos. A pilot embankment was designed and built divided in three equal areas, two with wick drains in a square mesh at spacings of 1.2 m and 2.4 m respectively and one with no drain. The basic working hypothesis adopted by the authors was that, in the field, primary and secondary consolidation occur simultaneously. High quality standard and special (long term and relaxation) oedometer tests provided reliable values of Cc , Cr and σ’p and the OCR value of 2.1 as equivalent to the end of secondary consolidation allowing to estimate the total primary and secondary compressions of one of the most compressible layers (layer 6). No of the shelf tool is available to backanalyze the measured compression of a soft clay layer based on the adopted hypothesis. The first tool tested, the ε vs. log(σ’v) Bjerrum type abacus with lines of equal values built from the oedometer tests results, proved to be non applicable. The second tool tested, the same type of abacus extrapolated from the first one for the field conditions through Taylor and Merchant’s theory also proved to be non applicable. Both the third tool tested, the fitting of a theoretical Taylor and Merchant type curve to the measured compression curve in the area with no drain and the fourth tool tested, the fitting of a theoretical curve obtained through a method tailored by the authors designated “Primary Barron + secondary pseudo Taylor and Merchant” to the measured compression curves in the areas with wickdrains proved to provide excellent conformity of the theoretical and measured curves. The cv and ch field values thus obtained are of the same order of magnitude as the laboratory values and show the same trend to decrease when the effective stress increases, contradicting the current creed based on backanalysis through Asaoka’s method, i.e. considering that secondary consolidation only starts after primary consolidations ends, that field cv and ch values are commonly 10 to 100 times higher than laboratory values. Based on their results the authors conclude that the excellent conformity of the theoretical and the measured curves obtained with the working hypothesis they adopted, the results of the laboratory tests they performed and the tools they used for the back-analysis, leads to the conclusion that the working hypothesis, the laboratory tests and the tools proved to be very efficient and trustworthy in leading to reliable compressibility and consolidation parameters of the soft clay, and will be equally efficient and trustworthy when used for the final design of the improvement of the foundation soft clay layer

To find out how best to optimize shuttling of the macrocycle in a particular class of photochemically driven molecular abacus, which has the molecular structure of BR-I6+ in its Mark I prototype (Ashton et al., Chem. Eur. J. 2000, 6, 3558), we have synthesized and characterized a Mark II version of this kind of two-station rotaxane comprised of six molecular modules, namely (a) a bisparaphenylene[34]crown-10 electron donor macrocycle M and its dumbbell-shaped component which contains (b) a Ru(ii)-polypyridine photoactive unit P2+ as one of its stoppers, (c) a p-terphenyl-type ring system as a rigid spacer S, (d) 4,4′-bipyridinium (A12+) and (e) 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium (A22+) electron acceptor units that can play the role of stations for the macrocycle M, and (f) a tetraarylmethane group T as the second stopper. This Mark II version is identical with BR-I6+ in the Mark I series that works as a sunlight-powered nanomotor (Balzani et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 1178), except for the swapping of the two stations A12+ and A22+ along the dumbbell-shaped component, i.e. the Mark I and II bistable rotaxanes are constitutionally isomeric. We have found the closer the juxtaposition of the electron transfer photosensitizer P2+ to the better (A12+) of the two electron acceptors, namely the situation in BR-II6+ compared with that in BR-I6+ results in an increase in the rate — and hence the efficiency — of the photoinduced electron-transfer step. The rate of the back electron transfer, however, also increases. As a consequence, BR-II6+ performs better than BR-I6+ in the fuel-assisted system, but much worse when it is powered by visible light (e.g. sunlight) alone. By contrast, when shuttling is electrochemically driven, the only difference between the two bistable rotaxanes in the Mark I and Mark II series is that the macrocycle M moves in opposite directions.

Background:The presence of cardiovascular disease in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is of particular concern, as it is considered the leading cause of mortality in PsA. Thus, it is essential to recognize those appropriate therapies that could target this comorbidity, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic alterations.Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and apremilast as monotherapies or in combination, in the clinical manifestations of the disease and the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in PsA.Methods:Prospective longitudinal study in 30 PsA patients diagnosed according to CASPAR criteria: 10 patients were treated with MTX (12 ± 2,58 mg/week), 10 patients with apremilast (60 mg/day) and 10 were treated with combined therapy for 6 months, recruited in the routine clinical practice at the Reina Sofia Hospital of Cordoba and University Hospital of Jaen, Spain. Clinical and analytical parameters were collected at baseline and after 6 months of treatment: lipid profile (cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG, ApoA and ApoB), glucose and insulin, body surface area (BSA) affected by psoriasis, number of tender and swollen joints, DAS28, DAPSA, VAS, CRP and ESR.The presence of cardiometabolic risk factors such as metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) was evaluated according to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) adult treatment panel III (ATP III) criteria, meeting 3 of the following characteristics: abdominal obesity (men (>102 cm); women (>88 cm), TG > 150 mg/dL, HDL (men (<40 mg/dL); women (<50 mg/dL), blood pressure > 130/85 mmHg, glucose levels > 110 mg/dL). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR > 2,5), body mass index (BMI), ApoB/ApoA ratio, atherogenic index (AI) and SCORE (age, gender, cholesterol, HDL, smoking habit and diabetes) were also studied.Results:Apremilast or MTX monotherapies caused a moderate reduction of the clinical inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR) and disease activity (VAS, DAPSA and DAS28) after 6 months of treatment. On the other hand, while apremilast significantly reduced the affected BSA, MTX had no significant effect. All those parameters were more significantly reduced after the combined treatment (MTX+ apremilast).Apremilast monotherapy significantly improved alterations in the lipid profile (reducing cholesterol and LDL levels, ApoB/ApoA ratio and AI), insulin resistance and decreased BMI, thus reducing the number of patients with MetSyn. MTX monotherapy treatment had no positive effect on these parameters. None of the treatments had significant effects on SCORE values.The beneficial effects of apremilast on the lipid profile were mitigated after the combination with MTX. Nevertheless, the number of patients with MetSyn decreased even more after the combined therapy of MTX with apremilast compared to apremilast monotherapy.Conclusion:1) In patients with moderate disease activity, treatment with apremilast monotherapy might have some advantages compared to the MTX monotherapy, since it can decrease the percentage of BSA with psoriasis, the lipid profile alteration, IR and weight, thus improving the cardiovascular risk profile. 2) Combined therapy (MTX+ apremilast) can induce a deeper reduction in the disease activity compared to the monotherapies, maintaining, in turn, the positive effects of apremilast on the cardiovascular risk.Funded by ISCIII (PI17/01316 and RIER RD16/0012/0015) co-funded with FEDER.Disclosure of Interests:Nuria Barbarroja Puerto Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: ROCHE and Celgene., Iván Arias de la Rosa: None declared, Carmen Torres-Granados: None declared, Maria del Carmen Abalos-Aguilera: None declared, Gómez García Ignacio: None declared, Isabel Añón Oñate: None declared, María José Pérez Galán: None declared, Desiree Ruiz: None declared, Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives: None declared, María Luque-Tévar: None declared, Eduardo Collantes Estevez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene, Chary Lopez-Pedrera Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Alejandro Escudero Contreras Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene., María Dolores López Montilla Speakers bureau: Celgene

Abstract Introduction Development of an inhibitor to Factor IX is a potentially life-threatening complication that occurs in 2-4% of severe hemophilia B patients. Attempt to eradicate these neutralizing alloantibodies with immune tolerance induction (ITI) regimens using prolonged repeated exposure to FIX fails to induce tolerance in ~70% of cases, and is limited by severe complications including FIX hypersensitivity and nephrotic syndrome. Cases of FIX ITI with immunosuppressive drugs have been reported infrequently. In light of increased understanding of the role of active T lymphocyte regulation of clotting factor-directed B lymphocyte-mediated humoral immunity, an approach combining immune modulating agents and frequent FIX infusions was reported by Beutel, et al (Haemostaseologie, 2009; 2014). We report a multi-institutional retrospective experience with combination immune modulation therapy (CIT), including B cell suppression with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody Rituximab and T cell modulation using mycophenylate mofetil (MMF) with FIX ITI in 11 males with severe congenital hemophilia B. Methods The originally published regimen of Beutel, et al involves a 50 day course including FIX 100 IU/kg twice daily, rituximab 375 mg/m2 x 4 doses, mycophenolate (MMF) 300 mg/m2/dose daily, dexamethasone 6 mg/m2/dose pulses and IVIG 1 g/kg x 6 doses. Following individual Institutional Review Board approval, data on 11 patients was contributed by the INPH investigators and via outreach internationally and collected retrospectively using a uniform data collection form. Cases were included in the CIT series if the combination of FIX, rituximab and MMF was used. Approaches varied in the concomitant use of IVIG and pulse corticosteroids (dexamethasone or prednisone). Results CIT was the first immune tolerance therapy for 9/11 patients. Patients were 14-222 months of age at time of CIT, with a median time from inhibitor diagnosis to CIT 20 (range 0-207) months. Median historical peak inhibitor titer prior to initiation of CIT was 3.2 (range 1-42) BU/ml. Inhibitor titers at the initiation of CIT ranged from undetectable to 7 BU/ml. Eighty-onepercent of patients had a history of FIX hypersensitivity reaction. Prior to initiation of therapy, 27% of the patients underwent FIX desensitization during the initial course. The patients received FIX BID (9/11 patients) or QD (2/11 patients), 4 doses of rituximab 375 mg/m2, MMF for a minimum of 49 days (varying duration from 49-1247 days). IVIG was infused in 10/11 patients, with most receiving 3-7 doses during each course of CIT. 6/11 patients received between 2-10 courses of pulse corticosteroids during a CIT course. Each course of CIT achieved disappearance of the titer of FIX inhibitor at a median time of 1 month (range 1-41 months) Hypersensitivity reactions did not limit the courses of CIT, but did recur with inhibitor recurrence in 1 patient. Recurrence occurred in 6/11 patients at a median time of 11 months from time of CIT, in some cases soon after documented B cell recovery with a median inhibitor titer of 1.8 (range 0.7-7) BU/ml. In cases of recurrence, a negative inhibitor titer was achieved again in 1 patient by increasing FIX dose and in 4 patients who received additional courses of CIT. Repeat recurrence was seen in these patients following repeat CIT, although at low titer with a median of 1 BU/ml (range 1-4), allowing ongoing management with FIX in 3 of the 4. Overall, patients have had a median follow-up of 61 months following CIT, 9/11 patients are currently managed with factor IX for prophylaxis and bleeding, while 2/11 use bypassing agents. The most common complication was hospitalization for central venous catheter-related bacterial infection that occurred from < 1 to > 12 months after the use of rituximab in 3/11 patients. Nephrotic syndrome occurred in 3/11 patients. In each case, nephrotic syndrome responded to corticosteroids or re-initiation of CIT and FIX could be resumed. Conclusions FIX ITI with CIT targeting both B and T cells in hemophilia B is an effective means of achieving a negative inhibitor titer with tolerable safety in this series, allowing return to use of FIX for hemostasis and prophylaxis in most patients. Although recurrence is common and longer follow up is needed, when compared to the experience with using FIX alone, outcomes appear to be improved using CIT with FIX ITI as an initial approach. Disclosures Abajas: Bayer: Honoraria; CSL Limited: Honoraria. Allen:Shire: Employment, Equity Ownership. Oldenburg:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding; Biogen: Honoraria, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Honoraria, Research Funding; Grifols: Honoraria, Research Funding; Octapharma: Honoraria, Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Shire: Honoraria, Research Funding; Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Biotest: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Swedish Orphan Biovitrum: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Objectives:To evaluate the changes promoted in levels of circulating inflammatory mediators in RA patients in response to TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) and anti-CD20 therapies, in order to identify biomarkers of clinical efficacy and potential predictors of therapeutic response to these drugs.Methods:In a prospective RA cohort multicenter study, we collected serum from RA patients with moderate or high disease activity prior and after 6 months of treatment with TNFi or rituximab (RTX), and analyzed levels of 27 proteins that constitute a multi-biomarker test of the inflammatory profile of these samples, using a multiplex immunoassay. Patients’ response was determined according to the EULAR response criteria (good/moderate/no). We compared basal levels of inflammatory molecules between the differential response patient groups and analyzed their discriminative ability. Logistic prediction models were created to assess the added value of potential inflammatory predictors.Results:Among 111 total RA patients, 50 of 85 (59%) patients in the TNFi group and 18 of 26 patients in the RTX group (69%) responded to the biologic treatment. High DAS28 or SDAI scores, or titers of auto-antibodies (RF or ACPA) at baseline were not predictive of response to any treatment. Instead, smoking habit and hyperlipidemia at baseline were predictors of a worse response to any of these bDMARDs.Of the molecules analyzed by the multiplex assay, 14 inflammatory mediators showed a significant downregulation on patients’ responders to TNFi therapy. Moreover, the decline on 7 biomolecules was related to reduced DAS28. After RTX treatment, 15 inflammatory mediators were reduced in patients with good clinical response; downregulation in 4 of those biomolecules correlated with reduced DAS28.In the search for predictors of response to each bDMARD, by using the MetaboAnalyst software, we could classify patients with distinctive therapeutic response based on the baseline levels of the inflammatory molecules analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses for those multiple biomarkers allowed us to further identify specific signatures of inflammatory biomolecules that may serve as predictors of response to each bDMARD therapy with high sensitivity and specificity. Thus, a signature of five molecules was identified as potential predictor of TNFi response [Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Eotaxin, RANTES, IL7 and IL-17]. Indeed, a signature including three highly expressed cytokines/chemokines in RA serum were identified as predictors of RTX response [interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP10), Eotaxin and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)].Conclusion:The extensive analysis of serum inflammatory profile allowed to identify specific and distinctive signatures of biomolecules that, in coordination with known clinical and serological profiles, might predict the response of RA patients to TNFi or RTX treatments.Acknowledgments :Funded by Junta de Andalucía (PI-0285-2017), ISCIII, (PI18/00837 and RIER RD16/0012/0015) co-funded with FEDERDisclosure of Interests:María Luque-Tévar: None declared, Carlos Perez-Sanchez: None declared, Font Ugalde Pilar: None declared, Montserrat Romero-Gómez: None declared, Alejandra M. Patiño-Trives: None declared, Desiree Ruiz: None declared, Iván Arias de la Rosa: None declared, Maria del Carmen Abalos-Aguilera: None declared, Rafaela Ortega Castro: None declared, Alejandro Escudero Contreras: None declared, Carlos Rodríguez-Escalera Speakers bureau: Lilly, GSK, Novartis and Sanofi, José Javier Pérez Venegas: None declared, María Dolores Ruiz Montesinos: None declared, Carmen Dominguez: None declared, Carmen Romero Barco: None declared, Antonio Fernandez-Nebro: None declared, Natalia Mena-Vázquez: None declared, Jose Luis Marenco Speakers bureau: ABbvie, Pfzer, lilly, Julia Uceda: None declared, Mª Dolores Toledo-Coello: None declared, Nuria Barbarroja Puerto Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: ROCHE and Celgene., Maria A Aguirre: None declared, Chary Lopez-Pedrera Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Eduardo Collantes-Estévez Grant/research support from: ROCHE and Pfizer., Speakers bureau: ROCHE, Lilly, Bristol and Celgene.

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /> <w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /> <w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx /> <w:Word11KerningPairs /> <w:CachedColBalance /> </w:Compatibility> <m:mathPr> <m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math" /> <m:brkBin m:val="before" /> <m:brkBinSub m:val="--" /> <m:smallFrac m:val="off" /> <m:dispDef /> <m:lMargin m:val="0" /> <m:rMargin m:val="0" /> <m:defJc m:val="centerGroup" /> <m:wrapIndent m:val="1440" /> <m:intLim m:val="subSup" /> <m:naryLim m:val="undOvr" /> </m:mathPr></w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 22.7pt; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black;">Introdução: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black;">O controle glicêmico na criança e no adolescente com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) é influenciado por fatores como hábitos alimentares, prática de exercícios físicos, monitoração da glicemia capilar, insulinoterapia, interação familiar, condições socioeconômicas e aspectos emocionais vivenciados por esses indivíduos em seu processo saúde-doença. <strong>Objetivo: </strong>Revisão crítica da literatura sobre os fatores associados ao controle glicêmico em crianças e adolescentes com DM1. <strong>Metodologia: </strong>Foram pesquisados através dos bancos de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e LILACS-BIREME artigos científicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos que abordassem fatores modificadores do controle glicêmico em crianças e adolescentes com DM1. <strong>Resultados: </strong>Estudos mostram que indivíduos que aderiram ao plano alimentar, apresentaram redução média de 0,9% da HbA1c (hemoglobina glicada). Observou-se ainda diminuição significante nos níveis de HbA1c após adesão a um programa de atividade física regular, monitoração domiciliar da glicemia e uso de regimes intensivos de insulina. O envolvimento da família é um fator fundamental para adesão ao tratamento e controle glicêmico. Portadores do DM1 com menor nível socioeconômico e que vivenciam abalos emocionais apresentam um pior controle glicêmico. <strong>Conclusão: </strong>As evidências na literatura sugerem que os fatores mencionados na pesquisa estão intimamente ligados ao manejo do DM1. As informações mostram ainda que alterações desses aspectos conduz a criança e o adolescente a níveis de HbA1c acima do normal, levando-os assim a um controle glicêmico ruim/inadequado.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 22.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 22.7pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Abstract</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 22.7pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 22.7pt; text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Introduction</span></strong><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">: The glycemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is influenced by factors such as diet, physical exercise, blood glucose monitoring, insulin therapy, family interaction, socioeconomic and emotional aspects experienced by these individuals in their disease process. <strong>Objective</strong>: Critical review of the literature investigating factors associated with glycemic control in children and adolescents with T1DM. <strong>Methods</strong>: We searched through MEDLINE / PubMed and LILACS-BIREME databases, articles published in the last 10 years that addressed modifying factors of glycemic control in children and adolescents with DM1. <strong>Results</strong>: Studies demonstrate that individuals who adhered to the diet plan, showed an average reduction of 0.9% in HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin). There was also a significant reduction in HbA1c levels after adherence to a program of regular physical activity, home blood glucose monitoring and the use of intensive insulin regimens. Family involvement is a key factor in treatment adherence and glycemic control. T1DM patients with lower socioeconomic status and who experience emotional aftershocks have a poorer glycemic control. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The evidence in the literature suggests that the factors mentioned in the research are closely linked to the management of T1DM. The information also show that changes in these aspects leads to children and adolescents with HbA1c levels above normal, thus leading them to a poor glycemic control inappropriate.</span></p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true" DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99" LatentStyleCount="267"> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6" /> 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Abstract Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a chronic hematologic malignancy with a high symptom burden that can have a substantial negative impact on patients' (pts) health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The introduction of novel triplet regimens for newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) has extended progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS); however, adverse events and demanding administration and monitoring schedules have a further negative effect on HRQoL, especially among pts who are transplant ineligible (TIE) due to older age and/or frailty. Optimizing initial treatment is particularly important in older pts, many of whom receive only 1 line of therapy. The phase 3 MAIA trial compared daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-Rd) vs lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) in TIE pts with NDMM. At a median follow-up of 28 months, D-Rd significantly prolonged PFS and was associated with faster and sustained clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs) vs Rd. Results of an updated analysis with longer follow-up recently confirmed a significant benefit in OS with D-Rd vs Rd as well as a continued significant PFS benefit and higher rates of complete response or better and very good partial response or better. Here we present an update of the HRQoL analysis with additional follow-up. Methods: MAIA (NCT02252172) is a randomized, open-label, active controlled, multicenter, phase 3 study of TIE pts with NDMM who were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive D-Rd or Rd until disease progression (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. PROs were recorded using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30-item (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EQ-5D-5L visual analog scale. EORTC QLQ-C30 has 30 items comprising 5 functional scales (physical, role, emotional, cognitive, and social functioning), 1 global health status (GHS) scale, 3 symptom scales (fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and pain) and 6 single items (dyspnea, insomnia, appetite loss, constipation, diarrhea, and financial difficulties). Questionnaires were completed at baseline, on day 1 of cycles 3, 6, 9, and 12 for year 1, and every 6 months thereafter until PD. Analyses were conducted on all pts with a baseline and ≥1 post-baseline PRO assessment. Pts were censored at PD or discontinuation of study treatment. Thresholds for meaningful improvement and worsening were defined a priori based on published literature (≥10-point change). Treatment effect was analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measurements including baseline value, visit, treatment, visit by treatment interaction, and randomization stratification factors as fixed effects and individual subject as random effect. Results: At a median follow-up of 56.2 months, discontinuation rates were lower with D-Rd than Rd (56.8% vs 80.8%). For GHS, physical functioning, fatigue, pain, and dyspnea, PROs that are particularly relevant to pts with MM, a numerically greater proportion of pts achieved a meaningful improvement with D-Rd vs Rd (Table 1). Differences were significant for physical functioning, fatigue, and dyspnea. The proportion of pts achieving a meaningful worsening on therapy was similar in both treatment groups (Table 1). The median time to improvement was numerically shorter with D-Rd vs Rd for physical functioning and pain and with Rd vs D-Rd for GHS and fatigue; differences were not significant (Table 2). The median time to worsening of fatigue was similar between groups, numerically longer for D-Rd vs Rd for GHS, and significantly longer with D-Rd than Rd for physical functioning, pain, and dyspnea (Table 2). Median time to worsening of pain with D-Rd vs Rd was 39.43 vs 17.97 months, reflective of an additional ~21 months without worsening pain among pts treated with D-Rd. Between-group differences for least squares mean change from baseline for these 5 PROs favored D-Rd vs Rd at all assessment time points except cycle 3 for physical functioning and cycle 6 for fatigue; differences were significant at ≥1 timepoint for each scale. Conclusions: These updated PRO analyses from the MAIA study demonstrate sustained and clinically meaningful improvements in HRQoL with D-Rd vs Rd with almost 5 years of follow-up. These results are consistent with the clinical benefits of superior PFS, OS, and deep responses observed with D-Rd compared with Rd and support the use of D-Rd in older pts. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Perrot: Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kumar: Roche-Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Tenebio: Research Funding; Adaptive: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astra-Zeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Carsgen: Research Funding; KITE: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Antengene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Beigene: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Plesner: Takeda: Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Genentech: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Other: Advisor; AbbVie: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Janssen: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Genmab: Research Funding. Orlowski: Amgen, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, EcoR1 Capital LLC, Genzyme, GSK Biologicals, Janssen Biotech, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Neoleukin Corporation, Oncopeptides AB, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda P: Consultancy, Honoraria; CARsgen Therapeutics, Celgene, Exelixis, Janssen Biotech, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Other: Clinical research funding; Asylia Therapeutics, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., and Heidelberg Pharma, AG.: Other: Laboratory research funding; Asylia Therapeutics, Inc.: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Patents & Royalties; Amgen, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Forma Therapeutics, Genzyme, GSK Biologicals, Janssen Biotech, Juno Therapeutics, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Kite Pharma, Neoleukin Corporation, Oncopeptides AB, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, I: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Moreau: Oncopeptides: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Celgene BMS: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Bahlis: BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria. Nahi: XNK Therapeutics AB: Consultancy. Hulin: Takeda: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; abbvie: Honoraria. Quach: CSL: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Antengene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen/Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Goldschmidt: Chugai: Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Johns Hopkins University: Other: Grant; Molecular Partners: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnology: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Dietmar-Hopp-Foundation: Other: Grant; GSK: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding. O'Dwyer: ONK Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy; Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Venner: BMS: Honoraria; Amgen: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Weisel: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Raje: Celgene, Amgen, Bluebird Bio, Janssen, Caribou, and BMS: Other. Macro: Sanofi: Honoraria; GSK: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel accomodation, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel accomodation, Research Funding; Celgen/BMS: Honoraria. Leleu: Sanofi: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Non-financial support; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Honoraria; Gilead Sciences: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Carsgen Therapeutics Ltd: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Pierre Fabre: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria. Liu: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Fastenau: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gries: Janssen: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Ho: DRG Abacus: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Emalex Biosciences: Consultancy. Mistry: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Tromp: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Delioukina: Janssen: Current Employment. Vermeulen: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Usmani: Abbvie: Consultancy; Array BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Research Funding; EdoPharma: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; SkylineDX: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.

Abstract Introduction: In oncology clinical trials, overall survival (OS) is considered the gold standard efficacy endpoint. However, in multiple myeloma, the prolonged survival times and availability of multiple salvage therapies render it difficult to rely on OS as a primary endpoint. Instead, progression-free survival (PFS) or clinical response can be a relevant biomarker. At the same time, some health technology assessment bodies will only consider evidence based on patient-relevant endpoints, such as morbidity, mortality, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), within their benefit assessments. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide insights into how a treatment affects HRQoL, including symptoms and functioning. In the phase 3 MAIA trial, daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-Rd) demonstrated a significantly prolonged PFS and rapid and sustained improvements in PROs compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone at a median follow-up of 28 months. Updated results with longer follow-up confirmed a continued PFS benefit, deepening best clinical responses, and a significant OS benefit with D-Rd. Here, we report the results of analyses exploring the relationship between clinical efficacy endpoints and PROs in the MAIA trial. Methods: In MAIA (NCT02252172), TIE patients with NDMM were randomized to D-Rd or Rd until disease progression (PD) or unacceptable side effects. Clinical response and PD were defined per the International Myeloma Working Group uniform response criteria. PROs were assessed at baseline, on day 1 of cycles 3, 6, 9, and 12 for year 1, every 6 months thereafter until PD, or at end of treatment and at 8 and 16 weeks post-progression using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30-item (EORTC QLQ-C30). The current analyses were conducted on patients with a baseline PRO assessment and ≥1 post-baseline PRO assessment using a clinical cutoff date of February 19, 2021. Patients from both treatment groups were pooled and stratified by best clinical response. For PROs, the threshold for clinically meaningful change from baseline was defined a priori as ≥10 points based on published literature. Analyses were conducted for the global health status (GHS), fatigue, and pain scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30. The proportions of patients with clinically meaningful improvement in these PROs from baseline at any time while on treatment were calculated for and compared across best clinical response subgroups. For this analysis, patients were censored at the time of PD or discontinuation of therapy. Results were summarized with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, the proportions of patients with clinically meaningful worsening in PROs from baseline at the time of and post-progression were also calculated for those who had PD. No adjustments were made for multiplicity. Nominal P-values are presented. Results: Best clinical response at a median follow-up of 56.2 months for the 710 patients included in this analysis is shown in the Table. For GHS, fatigue, and pain, the proportion of patients who reported clinically meaningful improvement from baseline increased with increasing depth of best clinical response. Odds ratios comparing best clinical response vs stable disease reflect this relationship and are shown in the Figure. Of the 264 patients who experienced PD and had PRO data at the time of or post-progression, 38.6%, 54.9%, and 39.4% reported meaningful worsening of GHS, pain, and fatigue, respectively, at the time of or post-progression. Conclusions: Patients with deeper best clinical response were more likely to report meaningful improvements in PROs. Patients who experienced PD reported worsening of GHS and symptoms at the time of or following progression. These analyses provide evidence of the association between key clinical efficacy endpoints and PROs and demonstrate the patient relevance of these clinical endpoints. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Perrot: Abbvie: Honoraria; BMS Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Kumar: Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; KITE: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Astra-Zeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche-Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Carsgen: Research Funding; Antengene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Beigene: Consultancy; Tenebio: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding. Plesner: Takeda: Research Funding; Genentech: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Other: Advisor; Janssen: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Advisor, Research Funding; Genmab: Research Funding. Orlowski: Asylia Therapeutics, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., and Heidelberg Pharma, AG.: Other: Laboratory research funding; CARsgen Therapeutics, Celgene, Exelixis, Janssen Biotech, Sanofi-Aventis, Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America, Inc.: Other: Clinical research funding; Amgen, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, EcoR1 Capital LLC, Genzyme, GSK Biologicals, Janssen Biotech, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Neoleukin Corporation, Oncopeptides AB, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda P: Consultancy, Honoraria; Asylia Therapeutics, Inc.: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Patents & Royalties; Amgen, Inc., BioTheryX, Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Forma Therapeutics, Genzyme, GSK Biologicals, Janssen Biotech, Juno Therapeutics, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Kite Pharma, Neoleukin Corporation, Oncopeptides AB, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, I: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Moreau: Abbvie: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Honoraria; Celgene BMS: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Bahlis: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Genentech: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria. Nahi: XNK Therapeutics AB: Consultancy. Hulin: abbvie: Honoraria; Celgene/BMS: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Quach: Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CSL: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen/Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Antengene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Goldschmidt: GSK: Honoraria; Incyte: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnology: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Chugai: Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Dietmar-Hopp-Foundation: Other: Grant; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grants and/or Provision of Investigational Medicinal Product, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Johns Hopkins University: Other: Grant; Mundipharma: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Molecular Partners: Research Funding. O'Dwyer: Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding; ONK Therapeutics: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy. Venner: Amgen: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Weisel: Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Oncopeptides: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Raje: Celgene, Amgen, Bluebird Bio, Janssen, Caribou, and BMS: Other. Macro: Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Travel accomodation, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel accomodation, Research Funding; GSK: Honoraria; Celgen/BMS: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Leleu: Sanofi: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Pierre Fabre: Honoraria; Oncopeptides: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Mundipharma: Honoraria; Merck: Honoraria; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Carsgen Therapeutics Ltd: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Gilead Sciences: Honoraria; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Other: Non-financial support. Liu: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Fastenau: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Gries: Janssen: Current Employment, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company. Ho: DRG Abacus: Consultancy; Emalex Biosciences: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Mistry: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Tromp: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Delioukina: Janssen: Current Employment. Vermeulen: Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Usmani: Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy; Array BioPharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Research Funding; EdoPharma: Consultancy; SkylineDX: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen Oncology: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding.

A finite element (FE) analysis study on precast concrete solid and sandwich wall panels with various openings subjected to axial eccentric load (tw/6) is presented in this paper. Experimental work of nine full-scale and six half-scale wall panels from selected studies were modelled using ABAQUS 6.13 software. The cracking pattern, plastic strain and ultimate load carrying capacity of these FE models were analyzed and comparison from the selected studies was conducted for verification. Results from the FE analysis revealed that the behavior of the wall panels was influenced by the size and location of the openings and its slenderness ratios. From the ultimate load carrying capacity of a solid wall panel and sandwich wall panels with openings, a difference of within 10% of the experimental work from the selected studies was recorded. This observation verifies that ABAQUS finite element software is a reliable and effective technique in determining and establishing the structural behavior of precast wall panels with openings.

Applicable design codes for power plant components and pressure vessels demand for a design check against progressive plastic deformation. In the simplest case, this demand is satisfied by compliance with shakedown rules in connection with elastic analyses. The possible noncompliance implicates the requirement of ratcheting analyses on elastic–plastic basis. In this case, criteria are specified on maximum allowable accumulated growth strain without clear guidance on what material models for cyclic plasticity are to be used. This is a considerable gap and a challenge for the practicing computer-aided engineering engineer. As a follow-up to two independent previous papers PVP2013-98150 ASME (Kalnins et al., 2013, “Using the Nonlinear Kinematic Hardening Material Model of Chaboche for Elastic-Plastic Ratcheting Analysis,” ASME Paper No. PVP2013-98150.) and PVP2014-28772 (Weitze and Gilman, 2014, “Additional Guidance for Inelastic Ratcheting Analysis Using the Chaboche Model,” ASME Paper No. PVP2014-28772.), it is the aim of this paper to close this gap by giving further detailed recommendation on the appropriate application of the nonlinear kinematic material model of Chaboche on an engineering scale and based on implementations already available within commercial finite element codes such as ANSYS® and ABAQUS®. Consistency of temperature-dependent runs in ANSYS® and ABAQUS® is to be checked. All three papers together constitute a comprehensive guideline for elastoplastic ratcheting analysis. The following issues are examined and/or referenced: (1) application of monotonic or cyclic material data for ratcheting analysis based on the Chaboche material model, (2) discussion of using monotonic and cyclic data for assessment of the (nonstabilized) cyclic deformation behavior, (3) number of backstress terms to be applied for consistent ratcheting results, (4) consideration of the temperature dependency (TD) of the relevant material parameters, (5) consistency of temperature-dependent runs in ANSYS® and ABAQUS®, (6) identification of material parameters dependent on the number of backstress terms, (7) identification of material data for different types of material (carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel) including the appropriate determination of the elastic limit, (8) quantification of conservatism of simple elastic-perfectly plastic (EPP) behavior, (9) application of engineering versus true stress–strain data, (10) visual checks of data input consistency, and (11) appropriate type of allowable accumulated growth strain. This way, a more accurate inelastic analysis methodology for direct practical application to real world examples in the framework of the design code conforming elastoplastic ratcheting check is proposed.

AbstractLaminated glass beams without metallic or polymeric reinforcements generally lack post-breakage strength and ductility. This paper aims to perform a comparative study by testing five different fully transparent laminated glass beam designs in order to see how parameters such as the number and thickness of glass sheets (3 x 10 mm or 5 x 6 mm), the interlayer material (PVB Clear or SentryGlas), and the thermal treatment of glass (annealed or heat-strengthened) affect the pre-breakage performance and post-breakage safety. A buckling analysis is also performed using a numerical model with ABAQUS CAE. The study includes a comparison between the results of different experimental mechanical tests on laminated glass beams, including the tests presented in this paper, as well as other tests found in the literature. All designs presented a linear elastic behaviour until initial breakage. The interlayer material mainly affected the crack shape of laminated glass beams. Beams with five sheets of annealed glass had a more progressive breakage, and therefore a safer behaviour, than beams with three sheets of annealed or heat-strengthened glass.

This research is carried out to investigate and assess the dynamic soil-structure interaction features related to a reinforced concrete building. Numerical analysis and mathematical simulations were performed depending on the ABAQUS® software package to achieve the study goal. Structures with floor numbers ranging between one and ten were modelled and simulated, and soil characteristics were explored and measured in terms of base shear, axial force, moment, and displacement, taking into account dynamic soil-structure interaction principles. In addition, the effect of soil type on the building stability and soil performance was assessed and examined. The research findings revealed that the base shear for a five-floor building frame decreases by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. Also, the base shear for a five-floor building frame reduces by 5% from soft to medium soil and by 23% from medium to hard soil. The base shear for a shear wall system with ten stories on medium soil is 20% less than that on soft soil. On hard soil, this outcome is lowered by 12%. The axial force for a five-floor building frame decreases by 2% from mild to medium soil and by 8% from medium to hard soil. Additionally, axial forces provide a 9% decrease for medium soil and a 4% reduction for hard soil in a 10-floor building frame resistance system. There is a reduction of 3% from soft to medium soil and a reduction of 12% on hard soil regarding axial force. Meantime, the axial forces are lesser for medium soil by 13% compared to soft soil and less by 6 % for hard soil. The displacement is decreased by 6% in a 5-floor building frame system on medium soil and 11% on hard soil. However, the displacement of a 10-floor building structure is reduced by 10% on medium soil and 22% on hard soil. Displacement in a five-floor shear wall structure is decreased by 6% and 18% on medium and hard soil. Also, displacement reduces by 20% and 30% on medium and hard soil, respectively.

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study of the low-velocity impact on foam core sandwich panels reinforced using hybrid short fibers. The foam cores were reinforced with carbon, aramid and carbon-aramid hybrid short fibers. The face-sheets were made of two layers of glass/epoxy, and foam cores were made of two-part polyurethane. In order to acquire the appropriate weight ratio between foam and short fibers, the weight percentage of 10% was chosen for short fibers. Comparing the experimental results proved that carbon, aramid, and carbon-aramid respectively had a better effect on increasing Young modulus by around 100 to 180 per cent. Before performing impact tests, indentation tests were conducted and based on the results for the parameter of impact energy, the value of 6 J was chosen. According to the results of impact tests and the maximum contact force, hybrid reinforced foam, aramid short fiber reinforced foam and carbon short fiber reinforced foam improved the properties respectively by 18 to 30 per cent in comparison to non-reinforced foam. Furthermore, numerical simulations were conducted via ABAQUS. After modeling face-sheet and foam separately, and verifying the results with experiments, the sandwich panel was modeled entirely while the simulation difference of 9.1% on average with the experiment results was concluded.

This two-part article reports the results of experimental and numerical works conducted on the energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled square tubes with multiple circular hole discontinuities. Part I presents the experimental tests in which dynamic and quasistatic axial crushings are performed. The mild steel tubes are 350 mm in length, 50 mm wide, and 1.5 mm thick. Circular hole discontinuities, 17 mm in diameter, are laterally drilled on two or all four opposing walls of the tube to form opposing hole pairs. The total number of holes varies from 2 to 10. The results indicate that the introduction of holes decreases the initial peak force but an increase in the number of holes beyond 2 holes per side does not further significantly decrease the initial peak force. The findings show that strategic positioning of holes triggers progressive collapse hence improving energy absorption. The results also indicate that the presence of holes may at times disrupt the formation of lobes thus compromising the energy absorption capacity of the tube. In Part II, the finite element package ABAQUS/EXPLICIT version 6.4–6 is used to model the dynamic axial crushing of the tubes and to investigate the action of the holes during dynamic loading at an impact velocity of 8 m/s.

The current work presents a unique study on the seismic performance of innovative corrugated-plate steel bridge piers. While several previous research was conducted on steel tubes with cross sections such as rounded or semi triangular plates, the seismic performance of such structural members with straight ribbed corrugation geometry under uniaxial cyclic loading remained a research gap. Thus, this research aims to present a new concept that could add a promising design to steel tubes under seismic effect. The seismic performance of such piers was numerically investigated in terms of the load-bearing capacity and local buckling. ABAQUS was employed to accomplish a series of finite element analyses on corrugated-plate steel bridge piers under constant axial dead load and lateral cyclic displacement. Three different geometries of corrugated-shaped steel tubes (i.e., C60, C80, and C146 mm deep) along with four different thicknesses (i.e., 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm) were investigated and compared to the traditional circular-shaped steel tubes (i.e., Cir) having same thicknesses and outer diameter. The results revealed that the innovative corrugated-plate steel bridge piers offered 20% greater load-bearing capacity and 66% more ductility compared to their companions of circular-shaped steel tubes. It was interesting to notice that the peak value of the load-bearing capacity of the C146 column was greater than those of the C80 and C60 columns by 7% and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, the local buckling was generally seen less severe amongst corrugated-plate steel bridge piers. This research raises the importance of corrugated-plate sections used in bridge piers over circular shapes owing to their advantages in strength and aestheticism.

The present paper examines the energy absorption capacity of concrete-filled steel tube slender (CFTS) columns having different aspect ratios. The CFTS columns are nonlinearly analysed employing the finite element software ABAQUS. In order to validate the simulation of the columns, an experimentally tested CFTS column is simulated and its achieved result is compared with that of the tested column. Since it is concluded that there is a good agreement between the obtained results from the simulation and experimental test, the validation of the simulation is then established. The simulated columns are thereafter developed using different aspect ratios of 6, 10, and 13 and also considering the following parameters: load eccentricities, cross-sectional shapes, and steel tube thicknesses. The columns are nonlinearly analysed and the results are achieved from the analyses. The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on the energy absorption capacity of the CFTS columns are evaluated. From the results, it can be concluded that the energy absorption capacity of the columns is decreased by the increase of the load eccentricity or aspect ratio. Further, the energy absorption capacity of the circular CFTS column is greater than that of the rectangular and square CFTS columns. However, higher energy absorption capacity is accomplished for the rectangular column than the square column. Additionally, increasing the steel tube thickness leads to greater energy absorption capacity of the columns. Typical failure modes of the columns are assessed.

This paper is Part II of a two-part article and presents the results of numerical simulations conducted to investigate the energy absorption characteristics of square tubes subjected to dynamic axial loading. Part I reports the experimental results of both quasistatic and dynamic tests. The validated model is used to study the crushing characteristics of tubes with multiple induced circular hole discontinuities using the finite element package ABAQUS/EXPLICIT version 6.4-6. Holes of diameter 17 mm are used as crush initiators, which are laterally drilled into the tube wall to form opposing hole pairs. Holes of diameters 12.5 mm and 25 mm are also used to assess the effects of hole diameter on energy absorption. Two hole spacing configurations are investigated, one in which the hole pairs are placed at regular intervals of 50 mm along the tube wall and another in which the hole pairs are spaced symmetrically along the tube length. Holes are also drilled on either two or all four opposing tube walls. The number of holes is varied from 2 to 10. The results indicate that the introduction of the holes decreases the initial peak force. However, an increase in the number of holes, beyond two holes, does not further significantly decrease the initial peak force. A study of the crushing history of the tubes reveals that crushing is initiated at the location of the holes. The results also indicate that the type of hole spacing determines how crushing is initiated at the hole locations. The model satisfactorily predicts the resultant collapse shapes but overpredicts the crushed distance.

Very few questions have cast such an enduring effect in cognitive science as the question of “symbol-grounding”: Do human-invented symbol systems have to be grounded to physical objects to gain meanings? This question has strongly influenced research and practice in education involving the use of physical models and manipulatives. However, the evidence on the effectiveness of physical models is mixed. We suggest that rethinking physical models in terms of analogies, rather than groundings, offers useful insights. Three experiments with 4- to 6-year-old children showed that they can learn about how written multi-digit numbers are named and how they are used to represent relative magnitudes based on exposure to either a few pairs of written multi-digit numbers and their corresponding names, or exposure to multi-digit number names and their corresponding physical models made up by simple shapes (e.g., big-medium-small discs); but they failed to learn with traditional mathematical manipulatives (i.e., base-10 blocks, abacus) that provide a more complete grounding of the base-10 principles. These findings have implications for place value instruction in schools and for the determination of principles to guide the use of physical models.