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Hazeyama, M., T. Kobayashi, N. Hayakawa, S. Honjo, T. Masuda i H. Okubo. "Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on [see also Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on], Volume 9, Issue 6, Dec. 2002 Page(s):939 - 944". IEEE, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6755.
Pełny tekst źródłaTallec, Marston Kevin. "An international comparative history of youth football in France and the United States (C.1920-C.2000) : the age paradigm and the demarcation of the youth game as a separate sector of the sport". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9497.
Pełny tekst źródłaPereira, Rodrigo Gonçalves. "Dynamical correlations of S=1/2 quantum spin chains". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/939.
Pełny tekst źródłaArnold, Robert. "King Carol 11's Personal Fortune and it,s Influence on Romania,s Economic Negotiations with Germany 1937-1940". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503967.
Pełny tekst źródłaGardini, Aldo <1992>. "Bayesian inference for quantiles and conditional means in log-normal models". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9349/1/Tesi_upload.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVenter, Jan Harm. "The law of retrenchment: s 189a facilitation - the impact of facilitation in large-scale retrenchments". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9149.
Pełny tekst źródłaEmployers trapped in economic difficulties or facing tough business challenges often wave the wand of retrenchment in the hope that the problem will go away. This often leads to workers unexpectedly finding themselves unemployed and queuing at the unemployment offices. In 2002, legislative provisions were introduced into the statute dealing specifically with large-scale retrenchments,1 allowing the parties to appoint an external facilitator to facilitate the retrenchment process. Although this new retrenchment process for large scale retrenchments is reflected relatively clear in and simple in the statute, this dissertation will focus on large-scale retrenchment process and highlight the positive impact facilitation, as an option,2 has introduced.
Clark, Mary. "Straight A's and Perfect 10's: The Effects of Perfectionism and Anxiety on Sleep Disturbances and Burnout in Gymnasts". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/945.
Pełny tekst źródłaROMA, Ana Carolina. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos quânticos a complexos com íons lantanídeos". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/9489.
Pełny tekst źródłaFundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
Compostos com íons lantanídeos foram estudados, com métodos de química quântica, sob diferentes aspectos: i) inclusão dos orbitais 5s e 5p no modelo INDO/S e ii) propriedades estruturais e espectroscópicas aplicadas à luminescência e catálise. Na parte (i), modificou-se o programa ZINDO para incluir os orbitais 5s e 5p explicitamente no modelo INDO/S, uma vez que, em trabalho anterior, mostrou-se que o modelo original era inadequado para descrever as transições f-f, pois as energias apresentavam variações de até 3.000 cm 1 em função de pequenas modificações estruturais no complexo [Eu(H2O)8]3+, provavelmente, devido aos elétrons 5s2 e 5p6 terem sido parametrizados implicitamente no modelo e, portanto, não exercerem efeitos de blindagem sobre os elétrons 4f. Os resultados mostram que foi obtido um efeito expressivo de blindagem com a inclusão explícita dos elétrons 5s2 e 5p6, com variações menores que 500 cm 1 para o novo conjunto de parametrização. Estes resultados promissores levam à perspectiva de uma parametrização mais abrangente e generalização para a série completa dos lantanídeos. A parte (ii) tem quatro seções: 1) foi testada uma nova metodologia, utilizando métodos quânticos, para a obtenção das energias dos estados de transferência de carga ligante-metal (LMCT). Resultados semiquantitativos foram obtidos para os complexos criptatos [Eu (2.2.1)]3+ (2.2.1 = 4,7,13,16,21-penta-oxo-1,10-diazobiciclo[ 8.8.5]tricosano) e [Eu (2.2.2)]3+ (2.2.2 = 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexa-oxo-1,10-diazobiciclo[ 8.8.8]hexacosano), bem como os complexos [Eu(H2O)n]3+ e [Eu(H2O)9-n(OH)m]3 m; 2) foram estudados, com métodos ab initio e INDO/S-CIS, complexos de Eu(III) com os ligantes o-fenantrolina e éter 12-coroa-4, e a possibilidade de coordenação dos contra-íons F , Cl , Br , − 4 ClO , − 3 NO e SCN ; além de H2O, pois observou-se experimentalmente mudanças espectrais em função do contra-íon utilizado. Os cálculos das estruturas moleculares e níveis de energia tripletos indicaram correlações com as variações espectrais observadas; 3) estudos similares de complexos de Eu(III) e Tb(III) com ligantes derivados da 2-hidroxi-isoftalamida (IAM) substituídos com: H, F, Cl, Br, OCH3, NO2, SO3H, OH e (C=O)NHCH3, foram realizados, contudo, não foi possível estabelecer correlações entre as energias dos estados excitados dos ligantes e os diferentes rendimentos quânticos observados experimentalmente e calculados; 4) a hidrólise do éster de fosfato 8-quinolil hidrogenofosfato mediada por íons Ln(III) foi estudada com métodos quânticos levando à determinação da origem da ação catalítica desses íons através da análise dos estados de transição
McRae, Shannon. "A dream of purely burning : myth, gender and modernism /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9479.
Pełny tekst źródłaMartan, Ondřej. "Vývoj Slovenské ekonomiky v letech 1990 ? 2007 s přihlédnutím k vývoji na trhu práce". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9149.
Pełny tekst źródłaCuninghame, Patrick Gun. "Autonomia : a movement of refusal : social movements and social conflict in Italy in the 1970's". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2002. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6688/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCabras, Grazia <1990>. "Measurement of the ZH(H -> bb) associated production with Z l+l- in pp collisions at square root of s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS Experiment". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9459/1/Tesi_GraziaCabras.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIl tema principale di questa tesi è la misura della \emph{signal strength} del canale di produzione associata dell'Higgs con un bosone vettore $pp \rightarrow VH(H\rightarrow b\bar{b})$, con l'Higgs che decade in due quark $b$, ad un'energia nel centro di massa di 13 TeV. I dati sono stati raccolti con l'esperimento ATLAS nel 2015, 2016 e 2017, per una luminosità integrata di 79.8 fb$^{-1}$. L'analisi è stata effettuata in tre diversi canali, distinti tra loro in base al numero di leptoni carichi nello stato finale, derivanti dal decadimento leptonico del bosone vettore associato. La \emph{signal strength} misurata dalla combinazione dei tre canali è $\mu_{VH(H\rightarrow b\bar{b})}$=1.08$^{+0.27}_{-0.31}$, con un significanza di 4.9$\sigma$, rispetto ad un valore atteso di 4.3. Viene trattata anche l'iterazione dell'analisi con l'intera statistica del Run2 di LHC (139 fb$^{-1}$), sottolineando i principali cambiamenti rispetto alla strategia precedentemente adottata.\\ E' fornita una descrizione del LUCID-2, il rivelatore di riferimento per le misure \emph{online} e \emph{offline} di luminosità, con particolare attenzione al sistema di monitoraggio del guadagno dei fotomoltiplicatori, per cui mi sono occupata dell'analisi dei dati di calibrazione raccolti. E' inoltre presentata una descrizione dei miei studi fenomenologici sull'evoluzione della sezione d'urto totale adronica e del parametro $\rho$ (definito come il rapporto tra la parte reale e immaginaria dell'ampiezza di scattering elastico nella direzione \emph{forward}).
Sayre, Daniel B. Jr. "Measurement of the 2.68-MeV Resonance Interference and R-Matrix Analysis of the 12C(α,γ0)16O Reaction". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1304620029.
Pełny tekst źródłaKosobudová, Lucie. "Analýza spokojenosti zákazníků se službami cestovní kanceláře". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9419.
Pełny tekst źródłaDanso, Faal Awa, i Sandra Larsson. "Storytelling as a marketing, leadership and communication tool. : A discussion and analysis of the need for stories in today´s organization". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-9492.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrzybowski, Luciana Su?rez. "Parentalidade em tempo de mudan?as : desvelando o envolvimento parental ap?s o fim do casamento". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/945.
Pełny tekst źródłaObserva-se que, dentre as diversas tarefas familiares p?s-div?rcio, provavelmente a mais complexa fique ao encargo dos pais. Estes, que acabaram de separar-se como casal, permanecem unidos pelos la?os parentais, compartilhando a tarefa comum de educar os filhos. Por?m, pergunta-se: como educar um filho em lares separados? O que facilita e o que dificulta este processo? Qual o envolvimento do pai e da m?e neste contexto? Como os pais combinam os procedimentos educativos (coparentalidade)? Diante disso, este trabalho buscou conhecer as pr?ticas educativas e o envolvimento parental que pais e m?es separados/divorciados desenvolvem na educa??o de seus filhos, bem como compreender como ocorre o exerc?cio da coparentalidade ap?s o advento do div?rcio. Para tanto, apoiando-se numa perspectiva ecol?gica-contextual, realizou um estudo com metodologia mista, atrav?s da aplica??o do Invent?rio de Pr?ticas Parentais IPP em 234 sujeitos (pais e m?es) e, posteriormente, da realiza??o de dois grupos focais (um com pais e outro com m?es). Os resultados do estudo quantitativo evidenciaram que h? uma diferen?a significativa entre o envolvimento parental de pais e m?es. As m?es demonstraram maior envolvimento que os pais em todas as ?reas investigadas (emocional, did?tico, social, disciplina, responsabilidade). Apesar do maior envolvimento materno, os pais evidenciaram um grande envolvimento social no espa?o p?blico e menores dificuldades com a disciplina favorecidas pela n?o-coabita??o com os filhos. A coabita??o materna e a freq??ncia das visitas paternas foram vari?veis que se destacaram na rela??o com o envolvimento parental, juntamente com a ocupa??o, a escolaridade, a rela??o com o ex-c?njuge, tipo de separa??o e o recasamento. J? os resultados do estudo qualitativo, apesar de tamb?m apontarem na dire??o da import?ncia da coabita??o para o envolvimento parental, evidenciaram a relev?ncia dos v?nculos afetivos pai-m?e-filho para o sucesso ou fracasso da coparentalidade. A indissociabilidade do subsistema parental e conjugal ficou evidente, bem como uma tend?ncia ? configura??o de um novo cen?rio p?s-div?rcio, no qual a m?e sente-se satisfeita com a guarda e o poder que esta lhe confere, enquanto o pai sente-se exclu?do desta realidade, evidenciando a??es e desejo de ser mais participativo.
Brito, Lucinea de Araujo. "Avalia??o de Impactos Ambientais: Estudo de Caso das A??es da Petrobr?s em Virtude de Acidente de Dois Mil na Baia de Guanabara". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2005. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/940.
Pełny tekst źródłaEvaluation of the ambient impact are carried through studies to identify, to foresee and to interpret, as well as prevent the ambient consequences or effect that determined action, plans, programs or projects can cause the health, to human well-being. These studies add alternatives to the plans or projects, as knowledge instruments the service of the decision, and to provide to an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages in the applicability of the same ones. According to Bolea, ambient impact of a project "is the difference enters the situation of the half social ambient (natural or) future modified by the accomplishment of the project and the situation of the future environment such as it would have evolved without the project." The evaluation of ambient impact has origin, as systemize and institutionalized activity, with the National Environment Policy Act-Nepa, promulgated in 1969 in the United States of America. It was to from of the conference of Stocolmo in 1972, however, that it gradual passed to be incorporated by the power to scope process in others paises. Although the analysis of ambient impacts provoked by determined action human beings already existed, with differentiated degrees of requirements and, in some countries, these two landmarks introduce a new dimension in the treatment of the question. In this work, an excellent case of a great company known internationally is presented, successfully in evaluating and managing impact ambient, to serve of model to be followed by excessively. .
Avalia??o dos impactos ambientais s?o estudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar, assim como previnir as conseq??ncias ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas a??es, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar a sa?de, ao bem-estar humano. Esses estudos acrescentam alternativas aos planos ou projetos, como instrumentos de conhecimento a servi?o da decis?o, e proporcionar uma an?lise das vantagens e desvantagens na aplicabilidade dos mesmos. Segundo Bolea, impacto ambiental de um projeto ? a diferen?a entre a situa??o do meio ambiente (natural ou social) futuro modificado pela realiza??o do projeto e a situa??o do meio ambiente futuro tal como teria evolu?do sem o projeto .A avalia??o de impacto ambiental tem origem, como atividade sistematizada e institucionalizada, com o National Environmental Policy Act-Nepa, promulgado em 1969 nos Estados Unidos da Am?rica. Foi a partir da confer?ncia de Estocolmo em 1972, entretanto, que passou a ser gradativamente incorporada pelo processo decis?rio em outros paises. Embora a an?lise de impactos ambientais provocados por determinadas a??es humanas j? existisse, com graus diferenciados de exig?ncias e abrang?ncia, em alguns pa?ses, estes dois marcos introduzem uma nova dimens?o no tratamento da quest?o. Neste trabalho, apresenta-se um caso relevante da Petrobr?s conhecida internacionalmente, com sucesso em avaliar e gerenciar impacto ambiental provenientes de acidentes relacionados ao meio ambiente, para servir de modelo a ser seguido pelas demais.
Kolb, Benjamin S. [Verfasser]. "Neuenglische Römer und texanische Spartiaten? : Zur Transformation antiker Erinnerungsorte in Kriegszeiten der USA (1713 - 2013) / Benjamin S. Kolb". Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221446568/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMarinho, Diane Marcy de Brito. "ATUAÇÃO DE MULHERES EM MINISTÉRIOS PASTORAIS: REALIDADE PRESENTE EM TEXTOS". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2004. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/919.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this research we investigated the women's protagonism in ministerial functions in biblical texts like Rm. 16,1-16 and we commented about challenges faced by women in Churches now a days, that disconsider their participation in the original Christian communities. We evidenced the need of a historical reconstruction of women in cleric positions, so today they can act in Churches with biblical back up. We identified in this investigation that women's ministerial functions stayed occult along the times because, a many times, the church did not make a critical reading of biblical texts, disregarding its androcentric and patriarchal language. To come to this conclusion, we divided this work in three chapters. In the first chapter, we presented a general vision of Apostle Paul's missionary work and we also approached social-economic aspects, Rome's politicians and religious people, trying to discover in what context of the first century the women were inserted. In the second chapter, we developed an exegesis of Rm. 16,1-16 through feminist hermeneutic to detect the ministerial functions carried out by women, with the intention of clarify the androcentric readings contrary to the full ministerial acting by women. In the third chapter, we made a historical-creative reconstruction, discussing on the influence now a days biblical texts cause in women's ministry when they are read outside their context.
Nesta pesquisa investigamos o protagonismo de mulheres em funções ministeriais em textos bíblicos como Rm 16,1-16 e comentamos a respeito de desafios enfrentados por mulheres hoje em Igrejas que desconsideram a sua participação nas comunidades cristãs originárias. Evidenciamos a necessidade de uma reconstrução da história de mulheres em cargos eclesiais, para que elas atuem hoje nas Igrejas como respaldo bíblico. Identificamos nesta investigação que, funções ministeriais de mulheres permaneceram ocultas ao longo dos tempos porque, muitas vezes, a igreja não fez uma leitura crítica de textos bíblicos, desconsiderando sua linguagem androcêntrica e patriarcal. Para chegarmos a essa conclusão, dividimos este trabalho em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, apresentamos uma visão geral do trabalho missionário do Apóstolo Paulo e abordamos também aspectos sócioeconômicos, políticos e religiosos de Roma, procurando averiguar em que contexto do primeiro século as mulheres estavam inseridas. No segundo, desenvolvemos uma exegese de Rm 16,1-16 por intermédio de hermenêutica feminista para detectarmos as funções ministeriais desempenhadas por mulheres, com o intuito de desmistificar as leituras androcêntricas contrárias ao pleno desempenho ministerial de mulheres. No terceiro capítulo, fizemos uma reconstrução histórico-criativa, discutindo sobre a influência que textos bíblicos causam no ministério de mulheres hoje quando lidos fora de seu contexto.
Marín, Góngora Verónica Natalie. "Principales aspectos críticos en la aplicación del Decreto Supremo No. 943 al trabajo penitenciario en Chile". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150896.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl trabajo penitenciario chileno, esto es, aquel que se desarrolla al interior de las cárceles de nuestro país, no ha sido objeto de un análisis jurídico sistemático y acabado. Pese a existir un reglamento que, en principio, debe normar los aspectos más relevantes de este, aún existe incertidumbre sobre el tipo de labores que son realizadas por los internos, en qué consisten y cuál es su calificación jurídica. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar específicamente tres modalidades de trabajo penitenciario o “actividades de formación”: mozos, artesanos y CET. Estas actividades serán estudiadas en conformidad a los criterios tradicionalmente usados para calificar una relación de tipo laboral: personalidad, voluntariedad, libertad, subordinación o dependencia y ajenidad. Una vez realizado esto, se concluirá si aquellas constituyen una relación de tipo laboral o si corresponde aplicar otro tipo. En atención a esto último se determinará el tratamiento jurídico que estas debieran tener, es decir, la normativa aplicable a estos casos.
Schaefer, Luiziana Souto. "Indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2014. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/909.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe processes of investigation and production of evidence in cases of suspected sexual abuse are complex, given the frequent absence of eye witnesses and physical and biological signs, as well as the possibility of false allegations. Thus, a set of techniques and tools is required for assessing the child or adolescent with suspected sexual abuse, providing professionals with valid investigative resources for identifying abusive situations as well as their impact on the health of victims. The aim of this study was to assess psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. The thesis is divided into four studies, two theoretical and two empirical. Theoretical Study 1, entitled Forensic psychological examination in child and adolescent sexual abuse , reviewed the role of forensic psychological assessment in sexual molestation of children and adolescents. Theoretical Study 2, named Post-traumatic reactions in children: How, why and which aspects assess? , discussed the clinical assessment of posttraumatic reactions in children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events, including issues related to symptom manifestation, long-term consequences and availability of assessment instruments. Empirical Study 1 investigated the use of psychological and behavioral indicators in forensic assessment of children with suspected sexual abuse. Empirical Study 2 aimed to identify factors associated with the development of posttraumatic stress symptoms in child and adolescent victims of maltreatment. The set of theoretical and empirical studies indicate that (1) forensic psychological assessment should integrate different sources of information and indicators, for some of the latter may be contradictory or nonspecific; (2) the early assessment of posttraumatic reactions is key for detecting risk factors and indicating different interventions, serving as a source of secondary prevention; (3) assessment of sexual concerns should be included, among other indicators, in forensic procedures for children with suspected sexual abuse; and (4) investigation of posttraumatic cognitions should be included in assessment protocols of posttraumatic symptoms, even for children exposed to recurrent trauma, as is the case in sexual abuse and other situations of maltreatment. Therefore, the findings of this study comprehensively indicate the need for caution when considering the high individual variability in reactions associated with sexual abuse. Although there is no single symptom framework for characterizing victims, it is pertinent to assess physical, emotional and behavioral alterations triggered or aggravated by abusive events, as well as the child report and familiar and social contexts. Thus, utilizing multiple indicators and information sources may increment forensic evidence by adding conviction elements to accept or reject hypotheses, minimizing the occurrence of both false-positive and false-negative errors
A investiga??o e a produ??o de prova em casos de suspeita de abuso sexual s?o processos complexos, tanto pela frequente aus?ncia de testemunhas oculares, vest?gios f?sicos e biol?gicos, como pela possibilidade de falsas den?ncias. Assim, um conjunto de t?cnicas e instrumentos precisa ser empregado na avalia??o da crian?a ou do adolescente supostamente v?timas de abuso sexual, munindo os profissionais de recursos investigativos v?lidos para a identifica??o da situa??o abusiva, bem como o seu impacto na sa?de das v?timas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. A tese de doutorado est? organizada em quatro estudos, sendo dois te?ricos e dois emp?ricos. O Estudo Te?rico 1 intitulado Per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual de crian?as e adolescentes revisou o papel da per?cia psicol?gica no abuso sexual infanto-juvenil. O Estudo Te?rico 2 denominado Rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as: Como, por que e quais aspectos avaliar? discutiu a avalia??o cl?nica das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas em crian?as e adolescentes expostos a situa??es traum?ticas, incluindo quest?es relacionadas ? manifesta??o dos sintomas, ?s consequ?ncias a longo prazo e aos instrumentos de avalia??o dispon?veis. O Estudo Emp?rico 1 avaliou indicadores psicol?gicos e comportamentais na per?cia de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual. O Estudo Emp?rico 2 identificou fatores associados com o desenvolvimento de sintomas de estresse p?s-traum?tico em crian?as e adolescentes v?timas de maus-tratos. O conjunto de estudos te?ricos e emp?ricos aponta para: (1) a avalia??o psicol?gica no contexto forense deve integrar diferentes fontes de informa??o e indicadores, j? que alguns destes s?o contradit?rios e inespec?ficos; (2) a avalia??o precoce das rea??es p?s-traum?ticas ? fundamental para a detec??o de fatores de risco e indica??o de diferentes interven??es, servindo como fonte de preven??o secund?ria; (3) a avalia??o da presen?a de preocupa??es sexuais deve ser inclu?da, entre outros indicadores, nos procedimentos periciais de crian?as com suspeita de abuso sexual; e (4) a investiga??o das cogni??es p?s-traum?ticas deve ser inclu?da nos protocolos de avalia??o de sintomatologia p?s-traum?tica, mesmo em crian?as expostas a traumas recorrentes, como ? o caso do abuso sexual e outras situa??es de maus-tratos. De uma forma global, os achados do presente estudo indicam a necessidade de cautela ao se considerar a elevada variabilidade individual nas rea??es associadas ao abuso sexual. Ainda que n?o haja um quadro sintomatol?gico ?nico que caracterize as v?timas, ? pertinente avaliar as altera??es f?sicas, emocionais e comportamentais desencadeadas ou agravadas pelos epis?dios de abuso, assim como o relato da crian?a e o seu contexto familiar e social. Portanto, o uso de m?ltiplos indicadores e fontes de informa??o pode incrementar a prova pericial, na medida em que adiciona elementos de convic??o para se aceitar ou rejeitar hip?teses, minimizando n?o apenas os casos falso-positivos, mas tamb?m os falso-negativos.
Parachaud, Kevin. "Les Galates en Méditerranée orientale (llle s. a.C.-lle s. p.C.)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the contemporary sense of the term, we refer to 'Galatians' as European Celtic populations that established themselves permanently in the Eastern Mediterranean. This population movement is situated within the context of military expeditions of 280-279 BCE, which led three Celtic armies into Thrace, Greece, and Macedonia. Having crossed into Asia Minor around 278 BCE as part of a military alliance with the king of Bithynia, the Galatians subsequently settled in central Anatolia, where they formed an independent political entity at the heart of the Hellenistic world. They persisted until 25 BCE, when their territory was integrated into the Empire and became the province of Galatia.Through a multidisciplinary approach considering historical and archaeological data, we aim to provide a comprehensive synthesis of Galatian history in the Eastern Mediterranean, not only in Anatolia but also in other areas where their presence is documented by sources, such as Greece and Egypt. To distance ourselves from perspectives shaped by exogenous approaches, we give particular attention to endogenous data, including language and material productions. Thus, we approach the subject from a perspective that seeks to be as close as possible to that of the Galatians, emancipating ourselves as much as possible from the topoi projected by the Greeks and Romans.Moreover, while the Galatians constitute a peripheral entity within the Celtic world, they form the part most directly in contact with the Greek world. Consequently, the ancient discourse on Celts in general largely draws from their interactions with the Galatians in the Eastern Mediterranean. Therefore, proposing a comprehensive and multidisciplinary synthesis of Galatian history can also provide an opportunity to question the Celtic world from its margins
Azzarri, Sandra. "Vision eller verklighet? : En studie om Lpo 94:s inverkan på skolan". Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-523.
Pełny tekst źródłaSyftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur lärare och rektorer uppfattar och påverkas av Lpo 94. Utifrån Lpo 94 identifierade jag två olika krav, vilka jag koncentrerade studien kring. Dessa var: kravet på en demokratisk undervisning och kravet på en individanpassad undervisning. Jag använde mig av en kvalitativ forskningsansats med intervju som datainsamlingsmetod. Resultatet visade att den förändring som Lpo 94 var tänkt att innebära för skolan och dess aktörer tycks ha uteblivit. Av intervjuerna framkom det att lärarna och rektorerna upplever att Lpo 94 inte tar hänsyn till den verklighet som lärarna arbetar i. I intervjuerna framkom försvårande faktorer för möjligheten att arbeta i enlighet med Lpo 94. Dessa faktorer var till exempel, ett stort antal elever som är i behov av särskilt stöd och ett för stort elevantal i klasserna, i kombination med att lärarna ålagts allt fler arbetsuppgifter. Resultatet visade på att det finns ett behov hos lärarna att få en minskad arbetsbörda. Av resultatet kunde jag se att lärarna behöver känna sig mer delaktiga i författningen av styrdokument och i den organisatoriska planeringen, för att en utveckling av verksamheten i skolan ska vara möjlig.
Silva, Marcos Reinaldo da. "Biocatalytic processin obtaining products with high added value: chemoenzymatic synthesis of α-amino acids, derivates thiamphenicol and (S)-dapoxetina". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13920.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work is divided into three chapters, in which we report the use of lipases to obtain precursors of α-amino acid, derivatives thiamphenicol and chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine. The first chapter refers to the use of the lipase from Rhyzomucor miehei, which by means of kinetic resolution of N-acetyl-α-amino esters was possible to obtain derivatives with high values of enantiomeric excesses. The second section aims at obtaining derivatives of thiamphenicol applying the lipase from Candida rugosa for the reaction of hydrolysis of the diacetate thiamphenicol, and Candida antarctica lipase B by acylation process. Finally, the third section reports the chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-dapoxetine in the enantiopure form by kinetic resolution process via transesterification reactions of 3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, using lipase from Candida rugosa.
O presente trabalho encontra-se dividido em trÃs capÃtulos, na qual relatamos a utilizaÃÃo de lipases para obtenÃÃo de precursores de α-aminoÃcidos, derivados de tianfenicol e a sÃntese quimioenzimÃtica da (S)-dapoxetina. O primeiro capÃtulo refere-se à utilizaÃÃo da lipase a partir de Rhyzomucor miehei, que por meio de uma resoluÃÃo cinÃtica de N-acetil-α-aminoÃsteres foi possÃvel obter derivados com elevados valores de excessos enantiomÃricos. O segundo capÃtulo visa a obtenÃÃo de derivados do tianfenicol aplicando a lipase a partir da Candida rugosa para a reaÃÃo de hidrÃlise do diacetato de tianfenicol, e a lipase B obtida a partir de Candida antarctica por processo de acilaÃÃo. Por fim, o terceiro capÃtulo relata a sÃntese quimioenzimÃtica da (S)-dapoxetina de forma enantiopura por processo de resoluÃÃo cinÃtica via reaÃÃes de transesterificaÃÃo do 3-cloro-1-fenilpropan-1-ol, usando a lipase obtida a partir da Candida rugosa.
Hébert-Leclerc, Claudie. "Étude de l'activité immunomodulatrice du peptide ß-LG f96-99 chez des souris saines". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23298.
Pełny tekst źródłaFlores, Rodrigo Echeverria. "N?veis s?ricos de interleucina-12 e fator de necrose tumoral-α em diferentes apresenta??es cl?nicas de toxoplasmose". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1547.
Pełny tekst źródłaA Toxoplasmose ? uma zoonose universal, transmitida tanto atrav?s de contamina??o oral, quanto de maneira cong?nita. O protozo?rio causador, Toxoplasma gondii, provoca no organismo uma forte resposta imune celular, padr?o Th1, que n?o resolve a infec??o mas que leva a maioria das pessoas a um est?gio cr?nico assintom?tico. Em algumas regi?es do sul do pa?s, h? uma elevada preval?ncia de les?es oculares, causadas por toxoplasmose, a maioria delas adquiridas. Nesse estudo determinou-se a variabilidade dos n?veis s?ricos de duas citocinas importantes na resposta imune ao Toxoplasma, a Interleucina 12 (IL-12) ) e o Fator de Necrose Tumoral-α (TNF-α). Foram analisados soros de 106 pacientes com diferentes apresenta??es cl?nicas da doen?a (les?o ocular cicatrizada, les?o ocular recidivante, doen?a recente e toxoplasmose cr?nica assintom?tica) e de 31 controles sadios, obtendo-se valores significativamente mais elevados de IL-12 nos indiv?duos que apresentavam les?es oculares cicatrizadas, quando comparados com todos os outros grupos de pacientes e controles (p<0,005). Os valores de TNF-α n?o apresentaram diferen?as entre os grupos. Os resultados apontam para a viabilidade de novos estudos, visando a uma poss?vel aplica??o da determina??o de IL-12 s?rica na pr?tica cl?nica, como teste progn?stico nos casos de toxoplasmose ocular.
Stubig, Silviana S. [Verfasser]. "Die Wirkung des Geschichtsunterrichts zu Nationalsozialismus und Holocaust auf die Identität von Jugendlichen / Silviana S. Stubig". Aachen : Shaker, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067735461/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoraes, Cleber Jos? Al? de. "Tornando-se pai: narrativas de casais gr?vidos sobre a transi??o para a paternidade". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/948.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
The notions of paternity and maternity undergo sharp transformations in contemporary society. The transition to fatherhood reveals itself as a period of significant changes in man, which alter his perception of himself and the world in a profound way. This paper investigates the experience of transition to fatherhood in first time fathers. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with each of the six couples participating in this study, in three different moments: at the end of pregnancy, in the first month after childbirth and at six months of the baby's life. In the first interview, the Interactive Narrative was used as a dialogical resource, which consists of a fictitious story, previously developed by the researcher, which presents the subject to be investigated, but which is interrupted at some point in the plot, allowing participants to finalize the story as they wish. The interview records were made by the researcher after the end of each one, and later transformed into transferential narratives. The material produced on the transition to fatherhood was discussed in the light of psychoanalytic thinking and contemporary authors with scientific production on this subject, and the argument arises that parental care can be exercised by both men and women, who are available in a healthy way to an active adaptation to the baby's needs. As the final product of the reflexive process, it presents the proposal to extend the Winnicottian concept of primary maternal concern to primary parental concern.
As no??es de paternidade e maternidade passam por transforma??es acentuadas na sociedade contempor?nea. A transi??o para a paternidade se revela como um per?odo de expressivas mudan?as no homem, que alteram sua percep??o de si mesmo e do mundo de maneira profunda. Este trabalho investiga a experi?ncia de transi??o para a paternidade em homens que se tornam pais pela primeira vez. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas junto a cada um dos seis casais participantes desta pesquisa, em tr?s momentos distintos: ao final da gravidez, no primeiro m?s ap?s o parto e aos seis meses de vida do beb?. Na primeira entrevista, utilizou-se como recurso dial?gico a Narrativa Interativa, que consiste em uma hist?ria fict?cia, desenvolvida previamente pelo pesquisador, que apresenta o tema a ser investigado, mas que se interrompe em algum momento da trama, permitindo que os participantes finalizem a hist?ria como desejarem. Os registros das entrevistas foram realizados pelo pesquisador ap?s o t?rmino de cada uma delas, e posteriormente transformados em narrativas transferenciais. O material produzido sobre a transi??o para a paternidade foi discutido ? luz do pensamento psicanal?tico e de autores contempor?neos com produ??o cient?fica nesta tem?tica, emergindo o argumento de que o cuidado parental pode ser exercido tanto por homens quanto por mulheres, que se disponham de maneira saud?vel a uma adapta??o ativa ?s necessidades do beb?. Como produto final do processo reflexivo, apresenta a proposta da amplia??o do conceito winnicottiano de preocupa??o materna prim?ria para preocupa??o parental prim?ria.
Amaral, Mônica Franco Zannini Junqueira. "Funcionalização de 2-(S)-isopropil-pirimidinonas através de reações de Suzuki-Miyaura, Sonogashira e cicloadição azida-acetileno: síntese de derivados triazólicos e precursores de β-aminoácidos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-26012011-160334/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis monograph shows the development of a synthetic methodology for the functionalization of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-iodo-pyrimidinones using either Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions or cycloaddition reactions of azide-acetylenes with copper, through a simple and efficient pathway enabling the preparation of a series of structurally diverse compounds. This paper begins by describing the synthesis of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-iodopyrimidinones (S)-3, from enantiomerically pure (S)-asparagine 1. This inexpensive and readily available amino acid forms 2-(S)-isopropyl-perhidropyrimidinone-6- carboxylic acid (2S, 6S)-2, which is reacted with DIB / iodine and BF3·OEt2 to form pyrimidinone (S)-3. Using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, a series of 2-(S)-isopropyl-5-arylpyrimidinones (S)-6a-q and 2-(S)-isopropyl-5- alkynylpyrimidinones (S)-7a-q were prepared using potassium aryl- (4a-q) and alkynyltrifluoroborates (5a-q), respectively. With this reaction, a variety of pyrimidinones with different substituents at position 5 of the ring were synthesized, with yields ranging from 15% to 95%. The Sonogashira coupling reaction was used to prepare pyrimidinones with alkyl acetylenic substituents (S)-9a-f, giving good yields in all cases. 2-(S)-Isopropylpyrimidinones were then functionalized in the C5 position with N1 (S)-11a-k substituted triazole rings. These functionalizations were performed by the cycloaddition of azide-acetylenes using CuI and ultrasonic waves, which provided enough energy to reduce the reaction time to only five minutes. Several different variations of this compound were prepared, all with yields between 78% and 87%. Finally, the endocyclic double bonds in compounds (S)-6a, 6b, 6g, 6l and 6n were reduced, followed by a hydrolysis using microwave radiation to afford the highly enantioenriched α-aryl β-amino acids.
Duhaut, Noëmie. "Ethan B. Katz, Lisa Moses Leff, Maud S. Mandel (eds.): Colonialism and the Jews". HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34576.
Pełny tekst źródłaPacheco, Marco André de Almeida. "Medida da seção de choque da interação e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → tau+ τau-(γ) e da razão de ramificação do decaimento τau → múon, antineutrino do múon, neutrino do tau no experimento DELPHI com sqrt (s) = 189 GeV". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=581.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is related to a study of events e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → τ+ τ- (γ) produced at the DELPHI detector, which is one of the experiments of the LEP collider at CERN, with centre- of-mass energy of 189 GeV. We study the simulation of background and signal events, applying selection criteria in order to maximize the rejection of background and minimize the rejection of signal and apply these same selection criteria on the real data. We finish this work showing the results of the measurement of the cross-section of this channel and of the branching fraction.
O presente trabalho refere-se ao estudo de eventos e+e- → Z 0(γ*) → tau+ tau- (γ) produzidos no DELPHI, um dos experimentos do colisor LEP do CERN, com energia de centro de massa de 189 GeV. Foi feita uma análise das simulações dos eventos de fundo e do sinal, onde aplicamos critérios de seleção dos dados de modo a maximizar a rejeição do fundo e minimizar a rejeição do sinal. Aplicamos esses mesmos critérios de seleção aos dados reais. Terminamos o trabalho .apresentando a medida da seção de choque deste canal e a razão de ramificação.
Medeiros, Amanda Lucena de. "Influ?ncia do m?todo de s?ntese e caracteriza??o de p?s comp?sitos de NiO- Ce1-xEuxO2-δ para anodos catal?ticos de c?lulas a combust?vel". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12795.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity. Due to the development of new materials, fuel cells are emerging as generating clean energy generator. Among the types of fuel cells, categorized according to the electrode type, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stand out due to be the only device entirely made of solid particles. Beyond that, their operation temperature is relatively high (between 500 and 1000 ?C), allowing them to operate with high efficiency. Another aspect that promotes the use of SOFC over other cells is their ability to operate with different fuels. The CeO2 based materials doped with rare earth (TR+3) may be used as alternatives to traditional NiO-YSZ anodes as they have higher ionic conductivity and smaller ohmic losses compared to YSZ, and can operate at lower temperatures (500-800?C). In the composition of the anode, the concentration of NiO, acting as a catalyst in YSZ provides high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activity of reactions, providing internal reform in the cell. In this work compounds of NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were synthesized from polymeric precursor, Pechini, method of combustion and also by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by the techniques of TG, TPR, XRD and FEG-SEM. The refinement of data obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that all powders of NiO - Cex-1EuxO2-δ crystallized in a cubic phase with fluorite structure, and also the presence of Ni. Through the characterizations can be proved that all routes of preparation used were effective for producing ceramics with characteristics suitable for application as SOFC anodes, but the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method showed a significant reduction in the average grain size and improved control of the compositions of the phases
C?lulas a combust?vel s?o dispositivos eletroqu?micos que convertem a energia qu?mica em el?trica. Em virtude do desenvolvimento de novos materiais, as c?lulas a combust?vel v?m se destacando como promissores na gera??o de energia de forma limpa. Dentre os tipos de c?lulas a combust?vel, classificadas de acordo com o tipo de eletr?lito, destacam-se as de ?xido s?lido (SOFC), por serem as ?nicas inteiramente constitu?das por s?lidos. Al?m disso, pela sua temperatura de opera??o ser relativamente elevada (entre 500 e 1000 ?C), estas c?lulas operam com alta efici?ncia. Outro aspecto que favorece o emprego de SOFC ? a sua habilidade de operar com diferentes combust?veis, como fontes de hidrog?nio.Os materiais a base de CeO2 dopados com terras raras (TR+3) podem ser utilizados como alternativas aos tradicionais anodos de NiO-YSZ. Al?m de maior condutividade i?nica maior e menores perdas ?hmicas, elas podem operar a temperaturas mais baixas (500- 800?C). Na composi??o do anodo, a concentra??o de NiO, atuando como catalisador confere alta condutividade el?trica e alta atividade eletroqu?mica das rea??es, proporcionando a reforma interna do combust?vel na c?lula. Neste trabalho compostos de NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0,1; 0,2 e 0,3), foram sintetizados a partir do m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos, Pechini, do m?todo de combust?o e, tamb?m, pelo m?todo hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados atrav?s das t?cnicas de TG, DRX, TPR e MEV-FEG. O refinamento dos dados obtidos pela difra??o de raios X indicou que todos os p?s de NiO - Ce1- xEuxO2-δ cristalizaram-se em uma fase c?bica com estrutura fluorita, e tamb?m a presen?a de NiO. Todas as rotas de prepara??o utilizadas mostraram-se eficientes para a produ??o de p?s com caracter?sticas adequadas para aplica??o como anodos de SOFC, por?m o m?todo hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas apresentou significativa redu??o do tamanho m?dio de gr?os e melhor controle das composi??es das fases
Martine, Tristan. "Ancrage spatial et polarisation des pouvoirs de l’aristocratie laïque en Lotharingie méridionale (fin IXe – mil. XIe s.)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0072.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom the end of the ninth to the middle of the eleventh century, the Southern part of Lotharingia – the former heart of the Carolingian empire – first became a periphery of the West Frankish kingdom, and then a march of Eastern Francia. However, that does not mean that a Lotharingian identity emerged. To start with, our research indicates that aristocratic kinship patterns remained definitely horizontal and cognatic. The main research problem focuses on the aristocrats’ relations to their spaces of power, and their evolutions. This work shows that, until the Gregorian reform, counts performed their potestas according to a logic which was more social than spatial: pagus and comitatus were not territorialized divisions. Territory was not the core of the counts’ power: it was a consequence of it. Even so, lords were the first to found fortified places thus establishing manifestations of spatial power by assuming the castles’ names as a toponymic cognomen. This dissertation examines the functions, morphologies and chronologies of the emergence of such centers, either ecclesiastical or secular. It also raises questions about the existence of « spatial models ». Evidence from texts and archaeology allows us to deconstruct the image of predatory aristocrats. It also proves that although nobles competed for abbeys and episcopal sees, this rivalry was not territorial; our findings have also brought us to reconsider the growing function of castles by moving away from a legalistic approach to the process of polarization and rather analyzing the coexistence of the quite different fortification styles. One can understand the multipolarization of Lotharingian aristocracy only by fully taking into account the different political protagonists – especially bishops – in order to better grasp the changing power balances and constant « coopetition » between different parties. Those dynamics can explain the uncertain pace of the manifestation of spatial power, the modalities of which were different from both West and East Francia and thus confirm the unique status of this in-between space
Kichev, Anton Vladimirov. "Implication of pro-NGF in the neurodegeneration: characterization of the underlying physiological mechanisms in Alzheimer´s Disease". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8094.
Pełny tekst źródłaprecursora del Factor de Crecimiento de Neuronas (pro-NGF) y la muerte
celular inducida durante el patogénesis de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
Hemos estudiado el efecto fisiológico de pro-NGF aislado de cerebro
humano, utilizando diversos modelos celulares expresores de p75NTR. En
presencia de pro-NGF aislado de cerebro afectado por EA (hbi-pro-NGF) se
observa una fuerte inducción de apoptosis. El pro-NGF aislado de cerebros
humanos control no es capaz de inducir muerte celular en los modelos
estudiados.
P75 NTR esta descrito como receptor especifico para pro-NGF.
Hemos observado niveles aumentados de su producto de procesamiento p75
ICD en tejido de cerebro afectado de EA.
En los modelos celulares estudiados, la inducción de apoptosis es
posterior al procesamiento de p75NTR con liberación de su dominio intracelular
(ICD). La liberación de p75NTR ICD depende de γ-Secretasa. La actividad de
γ-Secretasa es imprescindible para la inducción de apoptosis. El fragmento ICD
liberado se transloca hacia el núcleo. Hbi-pro-NGF aislado de cerebro control
no es capaz de inducir procesamiento de p75NTR, ni translocación de su ICD.
Los niveles de modificaciones post-tranductionales no enzimáticos de
pro-NGF en hippocampo y en cortex entorhinal, se muestran aumentados en
los cerebros humanos afectados por EA.
Pro-NGF modificado in vitro por glyoxal y methylglyoxal demuestra una
aumentada resistencia al procesamiento por furina y por consíguente una
capacidad más elevada de inducir muerte celular por p75NTR. Ratones
inyectados en ventrículo cerebral con este pro-NGF modificado presentan
dificultades significativas en procesos de aprendizaje comparados con los
ratones inyectados con pro-NGF no modificado y con ratones inyectados con
BSA modificado de misma manera.
Los resultados descritos hasta ahora abren una posible vía de
interpretación de los efectos de pro-NGF en cerebro humano durante desarrollo
de EA pudiendo ser causantes de neurodegeneración a través de una via
dependiente de γ-Secretasa y activación de p75NTR.
The aim of the present work is to investigate a possible relationship
between the pro-form of the Neurotrophic Growth Factor (pro-NGF) and the cell
death induced during pathogenesis of Alzheimer Disease (AD).
We studied the physiological effect of pro-NGF isolated from human
brain (hbi-pro-NGF) in different cell models that express p75NTR. We show that
hbi-pro-NGF is a potent pro-apoptotic agent. Interestingly, the hbi-pro-NGF
isolated from control human brain was shown to be unable to induce cell death
in the used models.
The specific receptor of pro-NGF was described to be p75NTR. We
describe that higher amounts of its processing products - p75NTR ICD, are
observed in brain tissue affected from AD.
In the cellular models that we used, the induction of apoptosis was
preceded by processing of p75NTR with liberation of its ICD. p75NTR
processing is γ-Secretase dependent. The induction of pro-apoptotic effect was
shown to be entirely dependent of γ-Secretase activity. Released p75NTR ICD
is shown to be translocated to nuclei. Hbi-pro-NGF isolated from control brain is
not able to induce processing of p75NTR neither translocation of its ICD.
The levels of non enzymatic post-translational modifications of pro-NGF
in the hippocampus and enthorinal cortex increase in AD affected brains. This
can explain the greater stability and elevated physiological activity of pro-NGF
isolated from human brains affected with AD.
The in vitro modified pro-NGF by glyoxal and methylglyoxal shows
greater resistance against the furine cleavage and consequently greater ability
to induce cell death trough p75NTR. Mice intracerebroventricularly injected with
this modified rh-pro-NGF present significant learning difficulties compared with
controls intracerebroventricularly injected with non modified pro-NGF and even
greater differences compared with modified BSA.
The results that we describe suggest the possibility that highest levels of
non enzymatic modifications of pro-NGF in human brain during the progress of
AD could lead to neuron loss by a γ-Secretase dependent activation of
p75NTR.
Vehovský, Karel. "Vliv kyseliny linolové a α-linolenové ve výživě prasat na množství a kvalitu intramuskulárního tuku vepřového masa s důrazem na n-6/n-3 PUFA-spektrum". Doctoral thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259689.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeděla, Jiří. "CFD simulace vírové struktury v sací troubě Francisovy turbíny (Francis-99) při pod-optimálním provozu - srovnání s měřením". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399568.
Pełny tekst źródłaBergendal, Erik. "En läroplan för själen? : En studie av de svenska Waldorfskolornas läroplan och utbildningsfilosofi, i jämförelse med den nationella läroplanen, Lpo 94". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9416.
Pełny tekst źródłaFredriksson, Therese, i Maja Ekberg. "Läroplan i förändring : en kvalitativ studie angående lärares inställning till Gy 11’s ämnesplaner och kunskapskrav, i relation till Lpf 94's kursplaner och betygskriterier". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-11159.
Pełny tekst źródłaEtchechury, Barrera Mario. "Hijos de Mercurio, esclavos de Marte : mercaderes y servidores del estado en una frontera sud-atlántica : Montevideo, 1806-1860". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129740.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe following study addresses the process of social construction of public finances in Montevideo, between 1806 and 1860. Based on diverse public and private sources will be analyzed the main stages of negotiating of a fiscal constitution whereby state administration and commercial sectors attempted to manage resources and establish consensus and balances of power among the needs of the treasury and private business. In this perspective will be explored how the context of permanent war led to the return or strengthening of Ancien Regime practices that boosted the role of merchants in various aspects related to the currency circulation, domestic borrowing, tax-farming and external debt, considered as points of contact between the state building process and economically dominant groups.
Sambró, i. Melero Virtuts. "Contextualització i anàlisi de les eleccions del 18 de novembre de 1990 a la R. S. de Bòsnia i Hercegovina". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4815.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes eleccions del 18 de novembre de 1990 representen la fi d'un llarg procés històric que començà amb l'acabament de la 2a Guerra Mundial i la instauració del regim titoista el 1945 per mitjà d'eleccions generals. Al llarg de tot aquest període hi ha un intent, per part del partit únic de la Lliga dels Comunistes Iugoslaus (SKJ), de desenvolupar un projecte d'estat federal iugoslau basat en el lema "fraternitat i unitat" (bratsvo i jedinstvo) que reunís tots els pobles que l'integraven. L'última constitució (1974) comportà una descentralització, tant econòmica com política, ratllant la confederació.
El 1980 mor el mariscal Josip Broz, Tito. La crisi econòmica que ja s'arrossegava, surt a la llum i s'agreuja al llarg de la dècada dels anys vuitanta, repercutint en la política i portant a un enfrontament entre el sector continuista que volia portar la constitució a la confederació (Eslovènia) i el sector reformista que volia un canvi constitucional vers un model centralista (Sèrbia). Així s'arriba al XIV Congrés Extraordinari de la SKJ en un últim intent per solucionar la situació, però el seu fracàs i suspensió sine die, va comportar l'obertura d'un seguit de reformes constitucionals a cada república iugoslava, per a la posta en marxa de processos electorals lliures i multipartidistes.
A Bòsnia i Hercegovina va ser més complicat que a la resta donada la seva composició multinacional. El juliol s'acordà la data electoral per al 18 de novembre. S'escolliria una presidència col·lectiva de 7 membres, un parlament bicameral, el parlament de la ciutat de Sarajevo i els 109 parlaments d'op tina (comarca).
Els resultats que s'obtingueren tots foren favorables, per àmplia majoria, als tres partits nacionalistes representants de les tres nacionalitats majoritàries a la república: SDA (musulmans), SDS (serbis) i HDZ (croates). Aquests no eren els previstos per les enquestes.
Una anàlisi detallada demostra que diferents factors influïren en la intenció de vot, en especial tres: la composició nacional de cada població, una política postitoista dirigida a afeblir la sòlida cúpula de la SKJ de Bòsnia i que es concretà en una sèrie d'afers que acabaren en processos judicials, i la desfeta i fragmentació de la SKJ en com a mínim quatre partits (SK-SDP, SRSJ, SSO i DSS).
Però a més són el fruit d'una concatenació cronològica de fets que començaren el 1945: la creació de la República Socialista de Bòsnia, però alhora la negació d'un poble bosnià, el fracàs del iugoslavisme que no arrelà en el poble com a identitat; la combinació de la crisi econòmica i la crisi política causada pels afers i que comportà un canvi de líders en els moments més difícils; i per últim les eleccions multipartidistes que obriren, si més no en la teoria, noves perspectives. S'ha d'afegir, a més, el marc mundial fruit de la caiguda del mur de Berlín i la desfeta dels règims comunistes.
Les conseqüències no es van fer esperar, la coalició nacionalista fracassà en poc més d'un any. Així les eleccions obriren la porta a la guerra i no pas a la democràcia.
This thesis is an analysis of the historic context in which the elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in 1990 year, were done and, at the same time the analysis of it results. It's important to know that the principal primary and secondary sources come from former Yugoslavia. Also this study contains a big date base of originals documents, which a lot of them are unpublished, and translated from the Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian language to the Catalan.
The 18th November elections represent the end of a long historic process which began at the end of the 2nd world war and the constitution the titoista regime in 1945 through general elections. At large of this period there is a purpose from the party, League of Yugoslavs Communists (SKJ), to develop a Yugoslavian federal state project which was based on the slogan "brotherhood and unity" (bratsvo i jedinstvo) in the idea to gather all the nations who composed Yugoslavia. The last constitution (1974) implicated a decentralisation as economic as political and this situation was very similar than a confederation.
In 1980 the marshal Josip Broz, Tito, died. The economic crisis was public thing and aggravated in the next ten years, in the 80's, and at last it reverberated on the policy This situation confronted the continuist sector (Slovenia) against the reformist sector (Serbia). The first would like the total confederation and the second would like the change to the centralist system.
In January 1990 took a place the 14th Extraordinary Congress of the SKJ. It was the last try to find a solution but it failure and adjournment sine die opened the possibility to the republics to do reforms in theirs constitutions and to start a free and multiparty electoral process.
In Bosnia and Herzegovina it was more complicated than the rest because this republic was multiethnic. In July the Bosnian parliament agreed the date of 18th November how an elections day. At the same day Bosnian people elected the seven members of the collective presidency, the two chambers of the Parliament, the Sarajevo's City Parliament and the 109 Op tina's Parliaments.
All the results were favourable, and for a long majority, to the nationalist parties who represented the three constitutional nationalities in the republic: SDA (Muslims), SDS (Serbs) and HDZ (Croats). But before the elections the opinion-poll didn't anticipate this victory.
The detailed analyse demonstrate that different factors influenced in the electorate, in special three of them: the national composition of every city or village; a postitoist policy who try to weaken the Bosnian political cupola of the SKJ, and created some judicial cases ("afers"); and, at last, the fragmentation of the SKJ in four or more parties. (SK-SDP, SRSJ, SSO i DSS).
But these results are anything more. They are the chronological linking of events who started in 1945 year: the birth of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia but at the same time the denial of the Bosnian people; the yugoslavism's failure who never rooted in the people's mentality how a identity; the combination of the economic and political crisis created by the "afers" and they brought about political leaders change in the more difficult moment; and at the end the multiparty elections who opened, in theory, new perspectives. It's necessary to add the world's situation after the Berlin's wall failed and with it the communist regimes in Europe.
The consequences of the elections became at few time. The nationalist coalition of the three parties was dissolved in less a year
And in April 1992 the elections opened doors for a war not for a democracy.
Saltó, Bauzà Oriol. "Measurement of Inclusive Jet Cross Sections in Z/γ ∗( → e+e−) + jets Production in pp Collisions at √s = 1.96 TeV with the CDF Detector". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3406.
Pełny tekst źródłaAquesta tesi doctoral presenta la mesura de seccions eficaces inclusives de jets en esdeveniments amb Z/gamma*->ee utilitzant 1.7 fb-1 de dades obtingudes amb el detector CDF durant el Run II del Tevatron. L'algoritme de con Midpoint s'ha utilitzat per a buscar jets en els esdeveniments després d'haver identificat la presència d'un bosó Z/gamma* a través de la reconstrucció dels productes de la seva desintegració. Les mesures s'han comparat amb les prediccions del següent nivell (NLO) en pQCD per esdeveniments amb un o dos jets en l'estat final. Les prediccions pertorbatives s'han corregit per les contribucions de processos no-pertorbatius, com l'underlying event i la fragmentació dels partons en jets d'hadrons. Aquests processos no són descrits per la teoria de pertorbacions i s'han d'estimar amb models fenomenològics. En aquesta tesi, s'han realitzat un conjunt de mesures per a testejar diferents models d'underlying event i hadronització implementats en programes de Monte Carlo de LO més parton shower.
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the field theory that describes the strong interactions between quarks and gluons. The most prominent signature of QCD at hadron colliders is the production of collimated jets of hadrons. The measurement of the production of such jets in association with a vector boson, W or Z/gamma*, provides an stringent test of perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculations. Furthermore, some of new physics processes at hadron colliders, such as the production of Higgs bosons and supersymmetric particles, can be mimicked by the production of vector bosons in association with jets that constitute irreducible backgrounds to these searches. Therefore, the study and understanding of Z/gamma*+jets processes is a crucial part of the physics program of the Tevatron collider. At the Run I of the Tevatron, protons and antiprotons collided with an energy in the center-of-mass ps of 1.8 TeV. Z/gamma*+ jets production was studied during Run I with the CDF detector using 106 pb-1 of data. The measurements were compared to the predictions from leading order (LO) plus parton shower Monte Carlo generator programs. The comparisons were mainly dominated by the large scale uncertainties in the LO predictions. In Run II, the Tevatron and the CDF detector were upgraded and, among other important improvements, sqrt(s) was increased to 1.96 TeV. The good performance of the accelerator and the detector made available a larger amount of data, making possible precise differential measurements.
This Ph.D. thesis presents the measurement of inclusive jet cross sections in Z/gamma*(->ee) events using 1.7 fb-1 of data collected by the upgraded CDF detector during the Run II of the Tevatron. The Midpoint cone algorithm is used to search for jets in the events after identifying the presence of a Z/gamma* boson through the reconstruction of its decay products. The measurements are compared to next-to-LO (NLO) pQCD predictions for events with one and two jets in the final state. The perturbative predictions are corrected for the contributions of non-perturbative processes, like the underlying event and the fragmentation of the partons into jets of hadrons. These processes are not described by perturbation theory and must be estimated from phenomenological models. In this thesis, a number of measurements are performed to test different models of underlying event and hadronization implemented in LO plus parton shower Monte Carlo generator programs.
Mandai, Camila Yumi. "Aplicação de modelos teóricos de distribuição de abundância das espécies na avaliação de efeitos de fragmentação sobre as comunidades de aves da Mata Atlântica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-15122010-164250/.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpecies abundance distribution (SADs) had an important role in community ecology, revealing one of the most well established pattern in ecology, which is the high dominance by just a few species. This pattern stimulated the proposal of innumerous theoretical models in an attempt to explain the ecological mechanism which could generate it. However these models can also be a descriptor of the communities and their parameters synthetic measures of diversity. Such parameters can be used as response variables to environmental impact affecting communities. Adopting this approach our objective was to compare bird communities through areas of different levels of fragmentation, using as response variable the estimates of α, the parameter of Fishers logseries. Considering the implicit assumption of equal capture probabilities among species in SAD models we also investigated the degree of sensibility of the models when this assumption is disrespected, once it seems so unrealistic. Thus simulating communities in which species had equal and different capture probabilities among them we found that increases in the degrees of heterogeneity in species catchability lead to a gain in biases on the model selection and parameters estimations. Additionally, since our goal in this study was identify some factors that may influence the diversity in communities, even with the biases, if they were constant, maybe it was still possible to test the relation. In this context we proceed to another stage of simulations, where we generate communities whose parameter values had a linear relationship with remnant area. What we find is that regardless of equal or unequal in catchability of species, when the effect exists, it is always detected, but depending on the degree of difference in probability of catching the species, the effect may be underestimated. Further, in the absence of effect, it can be falsely detected, depending on the degree of heterogeneity of capture probabilities among species, but always with very low estimates for the effect non-existent. With these results, we could quantify the types of effects of heterogeneity on capture probabilities and proceed with the analysis of the effects of fragmentation. What we showed is that the landscape with 10% vegetation cover, the fragment area appears to influence the diversity of the fragments rather than isolation, and landscape in 50% of plant cover, the isolation variable becomes more important than area to explain the data. But in a more parsimonious interpretation, we consider the estimated of the effects too low to consider that they actually exist. Therefore, we conclude that the fragmentation process probably has no effect on the hierarchy of species abundance. However, in a description of the number of captures of each species in the fragments, weighted by the number of catches sampled in continuous adjacent areas revealed that the fragment size may be important in determining which species will be extinct or benefit and that perhaps the quality of matrix is decisive for the maintenance of highly sensitive species in small fragments. Thus, we demonstrated that while the SAD are not significantly affected by fragmentation, the position in the hierarchy of species abundances can change a lot, which reflects the different sensitivity of species to area and isolation in the fragments.
Gómez, Vallejo Vanessa. "Development of new strategies for the synthesis of radiotracers labeled with short-lived isotopes: application to 11C and 13N". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9301.
Pełny tekst źródłaEn quant al marcatge amb nitrogen-13, s'ha desenvolupat un procés totalment automàtic per a la producció de [13N]NO2- a partir de [13N]NO3- generat en el ciclotró. El precursor radioactiu [13N]NO2- s'ha utilitzat per la radiosíntesi de compostos amb interès biològic com ara S-nitrosotiols (donadors de NO.), N-nitrosamines (molècules amb potencials efectes carcinogènics) i azo compostos (amb possible aplicació com a radiotraçadors per a la detecció in vivo de plaques de β-amiloide). En tots els casos es van obtenir excel·lents conversions radioquímiques (48.7% - 74.5% per S-[13N]nitrosotiols, 45.6% - 53.4% per N-[13N]nitrosamines i 40.0% - 58.3% per 13N-azo compostos) i bons rendiments radioquímics (33.8% - 60.6% per S-[13N]nitrosotiols, 34.0% - 37.8% per N-[13N]nitrosamines i 20.4% - 47.2% per 13N-azo compostos). A més a més, s'ha dissenyat i implementat un mòdul automàtic amb control remot pel marcatge de molècules amb 13N.
Se ha desarrollado una nueva estrategia para la síntesis rápida y eficiente de L-[metil-11C]metionina basada en el captive solvent method. La reacción de L-homocisteína (disolución básica en agua/etanol 1:1) con [11C]CH3I en un loop de HPLC permitió la formación del radiotrazador deseado con elevado rendimiento radioquímico (38.4 ± 4.1%) en un tiempo corto (< 12 min). Todos los parámetros analíticos cumplían las especificaciones requeridas por la versión actual de la Farmacopea Española, aunque los valores de actividad específica obtenidos fueron relativamente bajos. Por ello, se estudiaron y cuantificaron las principales fuentes que contribuyen a la contaminación de carbono-12 durante las síntesis de [11C]CH3I efectuadas según el "wet" method. Se observó que la principal fuente de contaminación de CO2 no radiactivo (contribución>90%) es el propio proceso de bombardeo, probablemente debido a la combustión (causada por las altas temperaturas y presiones alcanzadas durante la irradiación) de los compuestos que contienen carbono y que se encuentran presentes en el gas irradiado (o en el mismo cuerpo del blanco). Se establecieron procedimientos generales para realizar antes, durante y con posterioridad a la radiosíntesis para prevenir la contaminación exterior y, de esta manera, aumentar la actividad específica de los radiotrazadores sintetizados.
Respecto al marcaje con nitrógeno-13, se ha desarrollado un proceso totalmente automático para la producción de [13N]NO2- a partir del [13N]NO3- generado en el ciclotrón. El precursor radiactivo [13N]NO2- se ha utilizado para la radiosíntesis de compuestos con interés biológico tales como S-nitrosotioles (donadores de NO.), N-nitrosaminas (moléculas con potenciales efectos carcinogénicos) y azo compuestos (con posible aplicación como radiotrazadores para la detección in vivo de placas de β-amiloide). En todos los casos se obtuvieron excelentes conversiones radioquímicas (48.7% - 74.5% para S-[13N]nitrosotioles, 45.6% - 53.4% para N-[13N]nitrosaminas y 40.0% - 58.3% para 13N-azo compuestos) y buenos rendimientos radioquímicos (33.8% - 60.6% para S-[13N]nitrosotioles, 34.0% - 37.8% para N-[13N]nitrosaminas y 20.4% - 47.2% para 13N-azo compuestos). Además, se ha diseñado e implementado un módulo automático con control remoto para el marcaje de moléculas con 13N.
A new strategy for the fast and efficient synthesis of L-[methyl-11C]methionine based on the captive solvent method has been developed. The in loop reaction of a basic water/ethanol 1:1 solution of L-homocysteine with [11C]CH3I led to the formation of the desired radiotracer with high radiochemical yield (38.4 ± 4.1%) in short production time (< 12 min). All analytical parameters were within the specifications of the current version of the Spanish Pharmacopoeia, although specific radioactivity values were relatively low. Thus, the main sources of carbon-12 during the synthesis of [11C]CH3I by the "wet" method were studied and the contribution attributable to each individual source was quantified. The most relevant contamination of non-radioactive CO2 (contribution>90%) was shown to be generated during the bombardment process, probably due to the combustion (caused by high temperature and pressure during irradiation) of carbon carrier compounds present in the irradiated gas (or target body). General procedures to be performed before, during and after the radiosynthesis were established to prevent external contamination and to improve the specific radioactivity of 11C-labeled radiotracers synthesized from [11C]CH3I produced via the "wet" method.
Concerning 13N-labeling, a fully automatic process for the production of [13N]NO2- from cyclotron generated [13N]NO3- has been developed. The radioactive precursor [13N]NO2- has been used for the synthesis of biologically interesting 13N-labeled compounds such as S-nitrosothiols (well-known NO. donors), N-nitrosamines (molecules with potent carcinogenic effects) and azo compounds (with putative application as imaging probes for in vivo detection of β-amyloid plaques). In all cases, excellent radiochemical conversion (48.7% - 74.5% for S-[13N]nitrosothiols, 45.6% - 53.4% for N-[13N]nitrosamines and 40.0% - 58.3% for 13N-labeled azo compounds) and good radiochemical yields (33.8% - 60.6% for S-[13N]nitrosothiols, 34.0% - 37.8% for N-[13N]nitrosamines and 20.4% - 47.2% for 13N-labeled azo compounds) were achieved. An automatic remote controlled synthesis module for the preparation of 13N-labeled structures has been designed and implemented.
Yildiz, Senay. "Construction Of Substitution Boxes Depending On Linear Block Codes". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605540/index.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaA Construction of Resilient Functions with High Nonlinearity"
by T. Johansson and E. Pasalic in 2000, and two years later in "
Linear Codes in Generalized Construction of Resilient Functions with Very High Nonlinearity"
by E. Pasalic and S. Maitra are compared and the former one is observed to be more promising in terms of nonlinearity. The first construction method uses a set of nonintersecting [n-d,m,t+1] linear block codes in deriving t-resilient S-boxes of nonlinearity 2^(n-1)-2^(n-d-1),where d is a parameter to be maximized for high nonlinearity. For some cases, we have found better results than the results of Johansson and Pasalic, using their construction. As a distinguished reference for nxn S-box construction methods, we study the paper "
Differentially Uniform Mappings for Cryptography"
presented by K.Nyberg in Eurocrypt 1993. One of the two constructions of this paper, i.e., the inversion mapping described by Nyberg but first noticed in 1957 by L. Carlitz and S. Uchiyama, is used in the S-box of Rijndael, which is chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard. We complete the details of some theorem and proposition proofs given by Nyberg.
Tous, Mata Meritxell. "De la Gran Nicoya precolombina a la provincia de Nicaragua, s. XV y XVI". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/701.
Pełny tekst źródłaRodríguez, Solano Pablo Augusto. "Cambio y continuidad : la hacienda pública como factor de construcción estatal, Costa Rica 1812-1859". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129734.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe state in Costa Rica was made possible by the creation of a political community. It managed to overcome short-term conflicts between their leaders through the balance of their economic interests, in a government built from their own political pact. The economic, political and regional stability allowed the government to keep the continuity. This resulted in an administration capable of dealing with the complications that were presented to it, by facilitating modifications of the provincial pact that resulted in the centralization of power. From this the result was that the government gradually began to speak on behalf of the state. To understand the development of this relationship is necessary to analyze the evolution of finance, population and territory. Doing this we can understand the transition that made Costa Rica from a Province to a Republic. For it is in understanding the dialectic between colonial heritage and new political and fiscal principles that we can explain the state building process.
Boada, i. Domènech Lluís. "Manuel Humbert : 1890-1975". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130824.
Pełny tekst źródłaLa thèse est structurée en deux parties bien marquées, comme la vie ellemême du peintre Manuel Humbert, par la tragique rupture qui a supposé l’éclat de la guerre civile espagnole et un épilogue. Ainsi, la première partie comprend sa trajectoire vitale et artistique pendant la période 1890-1936, laquelle, en partie, on peut situer dans un projet collectif, qu’on veut d’emblé mais d’une façon très nuancée identifier avec le noucentisme, et qui arrive à son point culminant avec la plus grande reconnaissance que la Catalogne pouvait faire d’un de leurs artistes, le Prix Nonell. Après, le contexte avait déterminé que la seconde partie de sa vie fuisse une sorte d’au jour le jour pour maintenir la dignité personnelle et la qualité artistique. La conclusion est qu’il y a réussit. Malgré tout, sa mémoire n’a pas pu résister à l’oubli et son oeuvre devient progressivement inconnue. L’épilogue essaye d’expliquer les raisons de l’oubli et d’ouvrir des perspectives ou, tout au moins, des espoirs d’une future reconnaissance, bien méritée.
Benvenho, Adriano Reinaldo Viçoto. "Caracterizaçao elétrica e óptica de novos poli(bifenilenovinileno)s e utilizaçao do poli(9,9-dioctil-1,4-fluorenileno vinileno) na construçao de dispositivos emissores de luz com novas combinaçoes de materiais". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/33489.
Pełny tekst źródłaPassola, i. Tejedor Antoni. "Oligarquía, municipio y corona en la Lleida de los Austrias". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8196.
Pełny tekst źródłaPer a això hem partit del bagatge i la preparació adquirida com historiadors i intentant aportar un enfocament més als múltiples possibles que amb aquest mateix propòsit poden sortir de l'univers de les ciències socials. Com historiadors, el nostre laboratori és el passat i, com historiadors socials que vam aspirar a ésser, el nostre primordial interès és l'estudi de l'ésser humà immers en el seu grup social, encardinat en una determinada estructura social, econòmica i cultural de la que és protagonista al mateix temps que subjecto condicionat. Així, individu i grup, per un costat, i grup i context social, per un altre, són el reflex de mútues interrelacions que la història social deu tenir com objectiu prioritari. I en aquest joc d'interaccions ens sembla evident que els grups governants deuen ser estudiats amb deteniment i una certa preferència.
Hi ha diverses raons per a la nostra opció investigadora entorn de les elits de poder com punt d'interès prioritari. D'una banda, per la seva majoritària pertinença als grups dominants que, fet i fet, resulten més explicatius que altres sectors socials. Són ells els que implanten i sostenen el sistema polític-econòmic que en bona part articula l'estructura social. Són ells els que en certa mesura organitzen i dirigeixen la vida dels altres, i fins i tot els que transmeten patrons culturals i ideològics que es converteixen en hegemònics. Són ells punt de referència per als altres grups socials. Les més de les vegades envejats, moltes d'elles imitats i en algunes ocasions injuriats i convertits en objecte de les ires. En cap cas passen desapercebuts. En cap cas provoquen indiferència. En bona mesura, i més en l'àmbit del nostre estudi específic, serveixen de reflex més o menys nítid -encara que no sempre directe- de la societat que governen. Per altra banda ens interessava que, a més d'integrar-se en les classes dominants, aquesta elit estudiada disposés d'alguna autoritat. Motivacions personals ens induïen a això. El nostre especial interès per la política actual així com la nostra participació en humils òrgans de decisió ens ha dut a interrogar-nos sobre el poder i els mecanismes sobre els que s'asseu. Ens ha dut també a preguntar-nos sobre aspectes relatius a la seva naturalesa, a la seva incidència en la vida quotidiana i al dispar influx que exerceix sobre les persones. Tot això ha influenciat de forma principal en l'elecció del nostre camp d'estudi. Ambdues raons, historiogràfiques i polítiques, encaminaven el nostre interès cap a les gents que regiria una institució, preferentment política. I en l'àmbit geogràfic escollit, la que més s'adequava a aquests requisits era l'administració municipal.
La presente investigación debe su origen al interés por comprender mejor la configuración y funcionamiento de las sociedades humanas. Esta curiosidad intelectual es la que nos ha guiado y la que ha permitido superar cada uno de los obstáculos que hemos encontrado en este largo camino recorrido. Queríamos aportar nuestro grano de arena al conocimiento de la naturaleza humana en sociedad y aspirábamos a que nuestro trabajo fuera socialmente útil, convencidos de que esa era la única razón por la que valía la pena los esfuerzos que esta investigación ha representado.
Para ello hemos partido del bagaje y la preparación adquirida como historiadores e intentando aportar un enfoque más a los múltiples posibles que con ese mismo propósito pueden salir del universo de las ciencias sociales. Como historiadores, nuestro laboratorio es el pasado y, como historiadores sociales que aspiramos a ser, nuestro primordial interés es el estudio del ser humano inmerso en su grupo social, encardinado en una determinada estructura social, económica y cultural de la que es protagonista al tiempo que sujeto condicionado. Así, individuo y grupo, por un lado, y grupo y contexto social, por otro, son el reflejo de mutuas interrelaciones que la historia social debe tener como objetivo prioritario. Y en ese juego de interacciones nos parece evidente que los grupos gobernantes deben ser estudiados con detenimiento y una cierta preferencia.
Hay varias razones para nuestra opción investigadora en torno a las élites de poder como punto de interés prioritario. Por una parte, por su mayoritaria pertenencia a los grupos dominantes que, a la postre, resultan más explicativos que otros sectores sociales. Son ellos los que implantan y sostienen el sistema político-económico que en buena parte articula la estructura social. Son ellos los que en cierta medida organizan y dirigen la vida de los demás, e incluso los que transmiten patrones culturales e ideológicos que se convierten en hegemónicos. Son ellos punto de referencia para los demás grupos sociales. Las más de las veces envidiados, muchas de ellas imitados y en algunas ocasiones denostados y convertidos en objeto de las iras. En ningún caso pasan desapercibidos. En ningún caso provocan indiferencia. En buena medida, y más en el ámbito de nuestro estudio específico, sirven de reflejo más o menos nítido -aunque no siempre directo- de la sociedad que gobiernan. Por otra parte nos interesaba que, además de integrarse en las clases dominantes, esa élite estudiada dispusiera de alguna autoridad. Motivaciones personales nos inducían a ello. Nuestro especial interés por la política actual así como nuestra participación en humildes órganos de decisión nos ha llevado a interrogarnos sobre el poder y los mecanismos sobre los que se asienta. Nos ha llevado también a preguntarnos sobre aspectos relativos a su naturaleza, a su incidencia en la vida cotidiana y al dispar influjo que ejerce sobre las personas. Todo ello ha influído de forma principal en la elección de nuestro campo de estudio. Ambas razones, historiográficas y políticas, encaminaban nuestro interés hacia las gentes que regía una institución, preferentemente política. Y en el ámbito geográfico escogido, la que más se adecuaba a estos requisitos era la administración municipal.
Velasco, Herrera Viviana. "Negociar el poder : fiscalidad y administración pública en el proceso de construcción del estado ecuatoriano, 1830-1875". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129812.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research analyses Ecuador´s state building process through the study of two intrinsic elements: the conformation of the taxation system and the dynamics of public administration in the period between 1830 and 1875. This thesis proposes an approach to the configuration of fiscal relations in the Ecuadorian territory through the study of the income that nurtured the state‟s coffers and, at the same time, of the ways in which these resources were invested; a dynamic that allowed the conformation of the State. Taking as a premise the negotiation of powers and local and regional spaces of interaction for the constitution of a national state framework, the forms of organization of the administration of public finances and of the government are also studied, as well as the complex operation of the exercise of justice as a fundamental part to understand this process. Finally, this article analyses the tensions, conflicts, and pacts that arose in the dynamics of government of the indigenous populations within the developing state project.