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MOORE, CRISTOPHER, i COSMA SHALIZI. "CELLULAR AUTOMATA: A DISCRETE UNIVERSE By ANDREW ILACHINSKI: 808 pp., £76.00, ISBN 981-02-4623-4 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2001)." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 35, nr 02 (marzec 2003): 276–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024609302241910.
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Gusy, Burkhard, Franziska Wörfel i Katrin Lohmann. "Erschöpfung und Engagement im Studium". Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 24, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000153.
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Zusammenfassung. Das in der arbeitspsychologischen Forschung gut etablierte Job Demands-Resources Modell ( Demerouti, Bakker, Nachreiner & Schaufeli, 2001 ) bewährt sich auch im Studienkontext. Analog zu den Annahmen dieses Modells werden bezogen auf das Studium zwei parallel ablaufende Prozesse angenommen: ein Pfad der Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung, in dem Anforderungen im Studium vermittelt durch Erschöpfung zu gesundheitlichen Einbußen führen und ein motivationaler Pfad, bei dem Ressourcen vermittelt über Engagement zu einem Zugewinn an Gesundheit führen. Für die Analysen wurden Daten von 808 Studierenden genutzt. Sie gaben Auskunft zu ihrem Erschöpfungserleben, ihrem Engagement, ihrer Wahrnehmung und Bewertung von Anforderungen und Ressourcen im Studium sowie ihrem Wohlbefinden. Die oben skizzierten Wirkmechanismen wurden in einem Strukturgleichungsmodell geprüft. Wahrgenommene Anforderungen im Studium sind hypothesenkonform mit Erschöpfung (ß = .79) und darüber invers mit Beeinträchtigungen des Wohlbefindens (ß = -.53) assoziiert, eine gute Ressourcenausstattung hingegen korreliert mit Engagement (ß = .78) sowie positiv mit dem Wohlbefinden (ß = .32). Das Modell parallel ablaufender Prozesse ist akzeptabel an die Daten angepasst. Ein Modell mit kreuzweiser Verschränkung der Pfade von Ressourcen auf Erschöpfung und von Anforderungen auf Engagement bringt gegenüber dem Ausgangsmodell parallel ablaufender Prozesse einen leichten Zugewinn. Die Korrelation zwischen Ressourcen im Studium und Erschöpfung (ß = -.18) erwies sich zwar als signifikant, nicht aber die zwischen Anforderungen im Studium und Engagement (ß = .02).
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ALI, H. A. M., R. W. MAYES, C. S. LAMB, B. L. HECTOR, A. K. VERMA i E. R. ØRSKOV. "The potential of long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids as diet composition markers: development of methods for quantitative analysis and faecal recoveries of these compounds in sheep fed mixed diets". Journal of Agricultural Science 142, nr 1 (luty 2004): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859604004034.
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Previous investigations have shown that the long-chain fatty alcohols and long-chain fatty acids of plant waxes have potential as diet composition markers. This study was conducted to measure faecal recoveries of long-chain fatty alcohols (C20–C30) and long-chain fatty acids (C20–C32) in sheep fed mixed diets. Methodology for quantitative analysis of these compounds in feed and faeces is also presented. The method was an extension of the original n-alkane method of Mayes et al. (1986) in which separate hydrocarbon (n-alkanes, n-alkenes and branched-chain alkanes), alcohol (free+esterified) and acid (free+esterified) fractions could be obtained from a single sample. A fraction containing alcohols and sterols was eluted from the silica gel column after removal of the hydrocarbons. Sterols were removed from alcohols using aminopropyl solid-phase extraction columns. Alcohols were converted to their trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers and run on a gas chromatograph (GC). Acids were extracted from the aqueous phase of saponification products after removal of hydrocarbons, alcohols and sterols, purified through silica gel columns and were converted into their methyl esters (FAMES) prior to analysis on a GC. Tests were carried out to evaluate the reproducibility of the results obtained from the analytical method developed for quantifying alcohols and acids. Twelve sheep, in metabolism crates, were offered (0·8 kg DM/animal/day) four different mixtures of hill grass (Agrostis capillaris), birch (Betula pendula) leaves and current season's growth of heather (Calluna vulgaris) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) for 17 days. Total daily faeces and feed refusals collections were carried out over the last 7 days. Faeces collections were bulked for each animal. Representative samples of feed, refusals and faeces were analysed for alcohols and acids using the described method. Faecal recoveries of alcohols and acids were calculated from the ratio of output and input of each marker. The results showed high, though incomplete, faecal recoveries for both alcohols and acids. Alcohols had consistently higher faecal recoveries compared with acids. Mean (±S.E.) faecal recovery values for alcohols C20, C22, C24, C26, C28 and C30 were 0·58±0·04, 0·67±0·01, 0·72±0·008, 0·80±0·007, 0·94±0·005 and 1·01±0·02, respectively, whereas those of acids C20, C22, C24, C26, C28, C30and C32 were 0·47±0·02, 0·57±0·02, 0·61±0·02, 0·77±0·017, 0·84±0·01, 0·79±0·015 and 0·84±0·013, respectively. Increasing chain-length had a significant effect (P<0·05) on the recoveries of both alcohols and acids (R2=0·808, 0·741, respectively). Different dietary plant mixtures had no effect (P>0·05) on the recoveries of alcohols and acids in faeces.
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Okantah, S. A. "Partial milking of cattle in smallholder herds on the Accra Plains: some factors affecting daily partial milk yield and milk composition". Animal Science 54, nr 1 (luty 1992): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100020511.
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AbstractDaily partial milk yield of Sanga cows in 13 smallholder agropastoralist herds at two locations on the Accra Plains was recorded through monthly sampling. Estimates of mean daily partial milk yield and milk composition were computed from 1266 observations. The unadjusted mean daily partial milk yield was 875 (s.e. 11) g. The composition of milk: total solids (TS), fat (F) and solid-not-fat (SNF) were 131 (s.e. 14), 41 (s.e. 11) and 90 (s.e. 7) g/kg respectively. Least squares estimate of mean daily partial milk yield were 808·2 and 462·4 g with average s.e. of 41·8 for wet and dry season respectively. The wet and dry season differences in daily partial milk yield, TS and F were highly significant (P < 0·01). Seasonal difference in SNF was not significant.Herd difference in partial milk yield, TS, F and SNF were highly significant (P < 0·02). There were no significant effects of location on daily partial milk yield and SNF, although location effects on F and TS were significant (P < 0·05). The highest milk yield was observed in cows in third lactation and the lowest in cows in seventh lactation (P < 0·01). Daily partial milk yield peaked in the 3rd month of lactation. On average, lactation length was 210 to 240 days. Both linear and quadratic effects of stage of lactation were highly significant (P < 0·01). Lactation curve parameters for partially milked cows were also estimated. The implications of the results for milk production in sub-Saharan Africa were discussed.
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Sohn, Annette H., Stephen J. Kerr, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, Sivaporn Gatechompol, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit, Hanh Le Dung Dang, Dan Ngoc Hanh Tran i in. "Risk Factors for Human Papillomavirus Infection and Abnormal Cervical Cytology Among Perinatally Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Uninfected Asian Youth". Clinical Infectious Diseases 67, nr 4 (30.03.2018): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy144.
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AbstractBackgroundInfection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) may be higher in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected (PHIV) than HIV-uninfected (HU) adolescents because of long-standing immune deficiency.MethodsPHIV and HU females aged 12–24 years in Thailand and Vietnam were matched by age group and lifetime sexual partners. At enrollment, blood, cervical, vaginal, anal, and oral samples were obtained for HPV-related testing. The Wilcoxon and Fisher exact tests were used for univariate and logistic regression for multivariate analyses.ResultsNinety-three PHIV and 99 HU adolescents (median age 19 [18–20] years) were enrolled (June 2013–July 2015). Among PHIV, 94% were currently receiving antiretroviral therapy, median CD4 count was 593 (392–808) cells/mm3, and 62% had a viral load <40 copies/mL. Across anogenital compartments, PHIV had higher rates of any HPV detected (80% vs 60%; P = .003) and any HR-HPV (60% vs 43%, P = .02). Higher proportions of PHIV had abnormal Pap smears (eg, atypical squamous cells of unknown significance [ASC-US], 12% vs 14%; low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplastic lesions, 19% vs 1%). After adjusting for ever being pregnant and asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections (STI) at enrollment, PHIV were more likely to have HR-HPV than HU (odds ratio, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–3.77; P = .03).ConclusionsPerinatal HIV infection was associated with a higher risk of HR-HPV and abnormal cervical cytology. Our results underscore the need for HPV vaccination for PHIV adolescents and for prevention and screening programs for HPV and other STIs.
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Kim, HyokChol, Pei Lei, Aizhi Wang, Shuo Liu, Yong Zhao, Fenglan Huang, Zhenliang Yu i in. "Genetic Diversity of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Revealed by ISSR and RAPD Markers". Agronomy 11, nr 3 (1.03.2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030457.
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Castor (Ricinus communis L.), known as castor oil plant or castor bean, is a non-edible oilseed crop. In the present study, the genetic diversity among 54 samples (3 wild and 51 cultivated) collected worldwide was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 9 ISSR primers produced 83 high-resolution bands with 61 (74.53%) as polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands per primer and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 54.55% (UBC-836) to 100% (UBC-808) and from 0.74 to 0.96, respectively. A total of 11 out of 20 RAPD primers amplified unique polymorphic products with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 60.98% (56 polymorphic bands out of a total of 90 bands obtained). The percentage of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 25% (OPA-02 and B7) to 90.91% (B21) with the genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 0.73 to 0.98. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram using two molecular markers divided 54 castor genotypes into three groups. Furthermore, based on morphological data, all 54 castor varieties were grouped into three main clusters. The genetic diversity analysis based on two molecular makers showed that most varieties from China were closely related to each other with three varieties (GUANGDONGwild, ZHEJIANGWild, and HANNANWild) belonging to a wild group separated from most of the cultivated castor samples from China, India, France, and Jordan. These results suggested that the cultivated castor contains a narrow genetic base. Accordingly, we recommend that wild castor genetic resources be introduced for breeding novel castor varieties. Furthermore, the Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Nigeria accessions were clustered into the same group. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and UPGMA cluster analysis were consistent with each other. The findings of this study are important for future breeding studies of castor.
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Qiu, Chunyuan, Sarah A. Carter, Jane C. Lin, Jiaxiao M. Shi, Ting Chow, Vimal N. Desai, Vu T. Nguyen, Joseph Spitzer, R. Klara Feldman i Anny H. Xiang. "Association of Labor Epidural Analgesia, Oxytocin Exposure, and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 7 (21.07.2023): e2324630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.24630.
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ImportanceMaternal labor epidural analgesia (LEA) and oxytocin use for labor and delivery have been reported to be associated with child autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, it remains unclear whether these 2 common medications used during labor and delivery have synergistic associations with ASD risk in children.ObjectiveTo assess the independent associations of LEA and oxytocin during labor and delivery with ASD, as well as outcome modification associated with the concurrent use of both interventions.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsData for this cohort study included 205 994 singleton births with vaginal deliveries in a single integrated health care system in Southern California from calendar years 2008 to 2017. Children were followed up to December 31, 2021. Data on use of LEA and oxytocin, covariates, and ASD outcome in children were obtained from electronic medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for covariates.ExposuresLabor epidural analgesia and/or oxytocin use during labor and delivery.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA child’s clinical diagnosis of ASD during follow-up and at age of diagnosis.ResultsAmong the cohort, 153 880 children (74.7%) were exposed to maternal LEA and 117 808 children (57.2%) were exposed to oxytocin during labor and delivery. The population of children was approximately half boys and half girls. The median (IQR) age of the mothers was 30.8 (26.8-34.5) years for those not exposed to LEA, 30.0 (25.9-33.8) years for those exposed to LEA, 30.4 (26.5-34.1) years for those unexposed to oxytocin, and 30.0 (25.9-33.9) years for those exposed to oxytocin during labor and delivery. A total of 5146 children (2.5%) had ASD diagnosed during follow-up. Oxytocin exposure was higher among LEA-exposed (67.7%) than -unexposed (26.1%) children. The ASD risk associated with LEA was independent of oxytocin exposure (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.18-1.38); however, the ASD risk associated with oxytocin was not significant after adjusting for LEA exposure (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.99-1.12). A significant interaction of LEA and oxytocin on child ASD risk was found (P = .02 for interaction). Compared with no exposure, HRs were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.09-1.32) for LEA alone, 1.30 (95% CI, 1.20-1.42) for both LEA and oxytocin, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.78-1.04) for oxytocin alone.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest an association between maternal LEA and ASD risk in children, and the risk appeared to be further increased if oxytocin was also administered. Oxytocin exposure without LEA exposure was not associated with ASD risk in children. These findings must be interpreted with caution. Further studies are needed to replicate or refute the study results and examine biological plausibility.
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Jain, A., G. Mazariegos, R. Kashyap, B. Kosmach-Park, T. E. Starzl, J. J. Fung i J. Reyes. "Pediatric liver transplantation in 808 consecutive children: 20-years experience from a single center". Transplantation Proceedings 34, nr 5 (sierpień 2002): 1955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03136-6.
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Matsuki, Nobuyuki, Reo Isobe, Yuki Iida, Takahiro Shimada i Tomomasa Sato. "(Digital Presentation) Preparation of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films Via Laser Deposition". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 16 (9.10.2022): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0216836mtgabs.
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We have been preparing metal halide perovskite (hereinafter referred to as perovskite) thin films by laser deposition. In this study, we report the results of our investigation of the effects of laser wavelength and fluence on the deposition process. One of the most important features of perovskites, which have been rapidly developed in recent years as materials for high-efficiency and low-cost thin-film solar cells, is the applicability of a simple process using solution coating under atmospheric pressure [1]. Crystal growth of perovskite by the solution method occurs through equilibrium chemical reactions, enabling the formation of thin films on the order of μm thickness in less than a few seconds; however, it is difficult to systematically control the crystal growth process at the molecular layer level by the solution method. On the other hand, in the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, although the deposition rate is relatively low, ranging from sub-nanometer to several nm/s, the deposition can be controlled at the molecular layer level, as well as allowing different atoms to be readily introduced into the film. Therefore, the PVD method allows the addition of elements that are difficult to achieve with solution reactions and is suitable for studies that investigate the effects of such elements on physical properties. In laser deposition (LD), one of the PVD methods, materials are irradiated with an infrared (IR) or an ultraviolet (UV) laser beam, and thin films are formed by evaporation through IR heating or ablation with plasma formation through UV electron excitation. The advantage of LD is that it can cause instantaneous heating or ablation by switching on and off laser irradiation only on the material surface, thus enabling the deposition of molecular layers of organic materials with high vapor pressure or high melting point materials such as inorganic oxides with minimal cross-contamination caused by evaporation. We have prepared perovskite thin films by alternate deposition of PbI2 and CH3NH3I (MAI) using an IR laser and solid-phase reaction at room temperature aiming at the detailed investigation of the crystal growth process and introduction of various dopants in perovskite materials. [2, 3]. In this study, we have also performed perovskite film deposition by UV pulsed laser and investigated the difference in the physical properties of the perovskite films compared to those deposited by IR laser. Fig. 1 shows a schematic structure and appearance of the laser deposition system used in this experiment. The experimental method is described below. A synthetic quartz substrate was introduced into an ultra-high vacuum chamber with a base vacuum of 2×10-5 Pa., Then a semiconductor continuous IR laser (wavelength: 808 nm) or a UV pulse laser beam generated by the fourth harmonic of an Nd:YAG Q-Switch laser (wavelength: 266 nm, 10 Hz) was irradiated alternately onto PbI2 and MAI targets to form CH3NH3PbI3. The optical band gap of the thin films deposited by continuous infrared laser deposition shows a change in optical band gap depending on the thickness of the alternately deposited PbI2 and MAI, which can be attributed to the different content ratios of the tetragonal and orthorhombic phases. Interestingly, in UV pulsed laser deposition, the deposition rate was about 0.35 nm/s under the high laser fluence condition with lens focusing, while a high deposition rate of 20 nm/s was obtained under the low laser fluence condition without lens focusing. This result suggests that the excess kinetic energy of the deposition precursor in the case of lens-focused deposition causes re-sputtering on the surface of the already deposited film, resulting in a reduction of the effective deposition rate. In the presentation, we will demonstrate and discuss the results of crystallinity and optical absorption properties. [1] T. Miyasaka, A. Kulkarni, G. M. Kim, S. Öz and A. K. Jena, Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 11902500 (2020). [2] K. Kawashima, Y. Okamoto, O. Annayev, N. Toyokura, R. Takahashi, M. Lippmaa, K. Itaka, Y. Suzuki, N. Matsuki and H. Koinuma, Science and Technology of Advanced Materials 18, 307 (2017). [3] N. Matsuki, Y. Iida, T. Shimada, Yuta Abeand T. Sato, ECS Meeting abst. MA2020-02, 1860 (2020). Figure 1
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Gangat, Naseema, Mrinal M. Patnaik, Kebede H. Begna, Aref Al-Kali, Mark R. Litzow, Curtis A. Hanson, Rhett P. Ketterling, Animesh Pardanani i Ayalew Tefferi. "Survival Trends in Primary Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Comparative Analysis of 1000 Patients By Year of Diagnosis and Treatment". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2875.2875.
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Abstract Background: Over the last decade there have been three FDA-approved agents available for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); azacitidine was approved in 2004 for all subtypes of MDS; lenalidomide in 2005 for MDS with del(5q); and decitabine in 2006 for intermediate/high risk MDS. However the ability of these drugs to improve survival outside of clinical trials remains controversial (Neukirchen J, Leuk Res 2015, Bernal T, Leukemia 2015). Objectives : i) Evaluate trends in overall survival (OS) and leukemic transformation (LT) rate amongst primary MDS patients (pts) by year of diagnosis and, ii) Evaluate trends in OS by treatment received. Methods : The Mayo Clinic database was used to identify pts with primary MDS in whom bone marrow histologic and cytogenetic information was obtained at the time of diagnosis. WHO criteria were used for MDS diagnosis and LT. A comparative analysis was performed based on year of diagnosis commensurate with the approval of the aforementioned drugs (Group 1- diagnosis prior to the year 2000, Group 2- year 2001-2004, Group 3- year 2005-2009, and Group 4- year 2010-2014). Results : i) Patient characteristics: A total of 1000 pts met the above-stipulated criteria. 85% of pts were above 60 years of age (median 72 years) with 69% being males. The distribution of pts by year of diagnosis was as follows: Group 1 (n=281)(28%), Group 2 (n=250)(25%), Group 3 (n=264)(26%), and Group 4 (n=205 (21%). Median follow-up of our cohort was 27 months (range; 0-300 months) during which time 808 (81%) deaths and 129 (13%) LT were documented. ii) Comparison of patient characteristics by year of diagnosis: Pts in group 1 and 2 compared with groups 3 and 4 were more likely to present with anemia defined as hemoglobin < 10 g/dl (61%/59% vs 50%/55%)(P =.04). In addition, groups 1 and 2 displayed a higher incidence of RA (5%/4% vs 1% each), and RARS (17%/16% vs 9%/8%), compared to groups 3 and 4 that had a higher incidence of RCMD (37%/44% vs 17%/28%) (P <.001). The IPSS-R risk distribution was not significantly different; 17% very low, 36% low, 21% intermediate, 15% high and 11% very high risk with median survivals of 72, 43, 24, 18 and 7 months, respectively (P <.001). As expected, a higher proportion of pts in groups 3 and 4 (41% and 57% respectively) received "disease-modifying" therapy including allogeneic transplant and hypomethylating agents as opposed to only 6% and 22% in groups 1 and 2 respectively (P <.001). iii) Trends in OS and LT rate by year of diagnosis: The median OS of the entire cohort was 30 months, with median OS and LT rates being similar amongst groups 1 through 4 at 31 vs 33 vs 30 vs 27 months (P =.79) (Figure) and 10% vs 16% vs 12% vs 15% (P =.25), respectively. iv) Trends in OS by treatment received: In univariate analysis survival was significantly better in pts who underwent allogeneic transplant (n=65) with median survival of 55 months vs 26 months for non-transplant pts (P<. 001); and among non-transplant lenalidomide-treated pts (n=44) with median survival of 54 months vs 26 months for the remainder of pts (P =.02). However, these results lost significance on multivariable analysis with the addition of age as a co-variate for transplant pts (P =.28), and IPSS-R as a co-variate for lenalidomide treated pts (P =.10). Excluding transplant pts, pts that received hypomethylating agents (n=158) had similar survival to pts not treated with hypomethylating agents (27 vs 29 months; P =.19, age-adjusted P =.11). In addition, the 54 pts who received other chemotherapeutic agents had similar survival to pts not treated with these agents (33 vs 26 months; P =.57, age-adjusted P =.80). Supportive care alone was utilized in 702 pts that had comparable survival to the 298 pts that received "disease-modifying" therapy (27 months vs 34 months; P =.05, age-adjusted P =.11). Conclusions : In this single center analysis of 1000 pts with primary MDS, stratified by year of diagnosis, the poor outcome of these pts has not improved over the last two decades, in spite of the significantly higher utilization of "disease-modifying" therapy, including hypomethylating agents since 2005. The lack of improvement in survival with hypomethylating therapy is consistent with recently published results from the Spanish MDS registry (Bernal T, Leukemia 2015). However, our retrospective study is not designed to detect marginal survival benefit, which has thus far been reported in only one clinical trial. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Al-Kali: Novartis: Research Funding. Pardanani:Stemline: Research Funding.
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Dzik, Sunny. "The use of bovine hemoglobin glutamer-250 (Hemopure) in surgical patients: Results of a multicenter, randomized, single-blinded trialJ. Sprung, J.D. Kindscher, J.A. Wahr, et al. Anesth Analg 94:799–808, 2002". Transfusion Medicine Reviews 16, nr 4 (październik 2002): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/s0887-7963(02)80150-x.
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Nascimento, Victor Alves, Jovânia Alves Oliveira, Mariana Nunes Godoi Moreira, Jader Bueno de Oliveira, Vinicius Rafael Gonzaga i Marcela Filié Haddad. "Características clínicas e efeitos do Covid-19 nos pacientes idosos: uma revisão integrativa". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, nr 6 (20.12.2020): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.5268.
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Introdução: A COVID-19 tornou-se uma emergência de saúde pública no ano de 2020, sendo caracterizada como pandemia no mês de março. Os idosos compõem o grupo de risco dessa doença. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre os idosos. Material e Método: A busca pelos artigos foi realizada através da plataforma Pubmed, com a inclusão de 17 estudos. Resultados: Os resultados ressaltaram a prevalência da doença entre a população idosa, e evidenciaram que esse grupo apresenta sintomas atípicos e com duração ligeiramente mais longa desde o início da sintomatologia até a sua admissão, tornando-se mais difícil a identificação da infecção de forma precoce. As manifestações clínicas mais relatadas foram: febre, tosse, produção de escarro, diarreia, fadiga, pneumonia e lesão cardíaca aguda. Também se observa que comorbidades, como hipertensão e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, levam a uma disfunção cardíaca e pulmonar devido a mudanças fisiológicas e anatômicas dos pulmões, agravando o quadro clínico dos pacientes. Os exames de imagem se mostraram grandes aliados ao diagnóstico das alterações pulmonares decorrentes da infecção, além da realização do exame RT-PCR. Conclusão: Os idosos compõem o grupo de risco da COVID-19, sendo indivíduos com comorbidades os mais susceptíveis à agravamentos clínicos. Há necessidades em seguir as recomendações da OMS por não haver um tratamento específico destinado a essa patologia.
Descritores: Infecções por Coronavírus; Idoso; Diagnóstico Clínico.
Referências
World Health Organization [homepage internet]. Pandemia de doença por coronavirus (COVID-19) [acesso em 19 nov 2020]. Disponível em: http: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=CjwKCAiAzN j9BRBDEiwAPsL0d-MtvP29HNfG_fKThMRyfZF5ZAhTrrwKXEDh74AOZlY7ddRjJ_su0 hoCK3EQAvD_BwE.
Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde [homepage na internet]. Folha informativa COVID-19 - Escritório da OPAS e da OMS no Brasil [acesso em: 19 nov. 2020]. Disponível em: https://www.paho.org/pt/covid19.
Ministério da Saúde [homepage na internet]. Painel Coronavirus Brasil [acesso em: 19 nov. 2020]. Disponível em: http:https://covid.saude.gov.br/.
Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Y. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study. Complement The Clin Pract. 2020:101166.
Lee JY, Kim HA, Huh K, Hyun M, Rhee J-Y, Jang S, et al. Risk Factors for Mortality and Respiratory Support in Elderly Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(23)
Nikpouraghdam M, Farahani AJ, Alishiri G, Heydari S, Ebrahimnia M, Samadinia H, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in IRAN: A single center study. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127:104378.
Zheng Y, Xu H, Yang M, Zeng Y, Chen H, Liu R, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of 32 critical and 67 noncritical cases of COVID-19 in Chengdu. J Clin Virol. 2020;127:104366.
Porcheddu R, Serra C, Kelvin D, Kelvin N, Rubino S. Similarity in case fatality rates (CFR) of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2 in Italy and China. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020;14(02):125-8.
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Fatyga E, Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak S, Wierzgoń A, Stołtny D, Muc-Wierzgoń M. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: telemedicine in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Pol Arch int Med. 2020;130(5):452-54.
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Kumar A, Kubota Y, Chernov M, Kasuya H. Potential Role of Zinc Supplementation in Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses. 2020;144:109848.
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Huang, Xiaohui, Qian Lu i Fei Yang. "The effects of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output". International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, nr 5 (1.10.2020): 599–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-02-2020-0014.
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Purpose This paper aims to build a theoretical model of the impact of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on the agricultural output to analyze the impact of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output. Design/methodology/approach Based on the field survey data of 808 farmers households in three provinces (regions) of the Loess Plateau, this paper using the endogenous switching regression model to analyze the effect of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures on agricultural output. Findings Soil erosion has a significant negative impact on agricultural output, and soil erosion has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation measures. Farmers adopt soil and water conservation measures such as engineering measures, biological measures and tillage measures to cope with soil erosion, which can increase agricultural output. Based on the counterfactual hypothesis, if farmers who adopt soil and water conservation measures do not adopt the corresponding soil and water conservation measures, their average output per ha output will decrease by 2.01%. Then, if farmers who do not adopt soil and water conservation measures adopt the corresponding soil and water conservation measures, their average output per ha output will increase by 12.12%. Government support and cultivated land area have a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures. Research limitations/implications The research limitation is the lack of panel data. Practical implications Soil erosion has a significant negative impact on agricultural output, and soil erosion has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation measures. Farmers adopt soil and water conservation measures such as engineering measures, biological measures and tillage measures to cope with soil erosion, which can increase agricultural output. Social implications The conclusion provides a reliable empirical basis for the government to formulate and implement relevant policies. Originality/value The contributions of this paper are as follows: the adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and agricultural output are included into the same analytical framework for empirical analysis, revealing the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and their output effects, enriching existing research. Using endogenous switching regression model and introducing instrumental variables to overcome the endogenous problem between the adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and agricultural output, and to analyze the influencing factors of farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation measures and its impact on agricultural output. Using the counter-factual idea to ensure that the two matched individuals have the same or similar attributes, to evaluate the average treatment effect of the behavior of soil and water conservation measures, to estimate the real impact of adaptation measures on agricultural output as accurately as possible and to avoid misleading policy recommendations.
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Ribeiro, William De Goes, Clarissa Bastos Craveiro i Adriano Vargas Freitas. "Teorização curricular e formação docente: uma aposta em grupos de pesquisa (Curricular theorization and teaching training: a bet on search groups)". Revista Eletrônica de Educação 13, nr 2 (10.05.2019): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271992864.
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Looking for in this text to highlight the relevance of curricular theorization to think about teacher training processes and the meanings in dispute, considering studies carried out in our research groups. The work highlights a collective bet in the processes of escape, in the face of regulatory policies that, despite differences, increasingly center the issue of the curriculum from a culture of testing, which has subsumed education to teaching (learning). Defends curriculum as a meaning, a perspective that supports different formative processes, which seek to value "the school floor" in an active dynamic in which politics is constituted. In this sense, disagrees that the quality of education necessarily passes through curricular centralization, nor that it is a matter of guarantee. Curricular policies - which in their complexity have been analyzed by us - in a scenario of educational reforms, hybridize disputes that seek to silence teacher action and colonize practices, as well as suggest changes brought about by the different governments, which have been the focus of the discussions in the groups. The argument suggests that the senses are not the same, the contexts and the interpretations are different, which then challenges us to analyze politics in a non-statecentric way. In this sense, escape is always possible, even if conditions do not favor it.ResumoProcura-se neste texto destacar a relevância da teorização curricular para pensar os processos de formação docente e os sentidos em disputa, considerando estudos realizados em nossos grupos de pesquisa. O trabalho põe em relevo uma aposta coletiva nos processos de escape, frente às políticas regulatórias que, a despeito das diferenças, cada vez mais centralizam a questão do currículo a partir de uma cultura da testagem, a qual tem subsumido educação a ensino (aprendizagem). Defende-se, diferentemente, o currículo como significação, perspectiva esta que ampara distintos processos formativos, os quais buscam valorizar “o chão da escola” em uma dinâmica ativa na qual a política se constitui. Nesse sentido, discorda que a qualidade da educação passe necessariamente pela centralização curricular, tampouco de que se trata de uma questão de garantia. As políticas curriculares – que em sua complexidade têm sido analisada por nós - em um cenário de reformas educacionais, hibridizam disputas que buscam silenciar a ação docente e colonizar as práticas, bem como sugerem também mudanças provocadas pelos distintos governos, as quais têm ocupado a tônica das discussões nos grupos. A argumentação sugere que os sentidos não são os mesmos, distintos são os contextos e as interpretações, o que interpela a seguir analisando a política de uma maneira não estadocêntrica. Nesse sentido, o escape sempre é possível, ainda que as condições não favoreçam.Keywords: Curriculum, Teacher training, Culture and education.Palavras-chave: Currículo, Formação docente, Cultura e educação.ReferencesAPPADURAI, Arjun. Dislocación y diferencia en la economía cultural global. In: ______. La modernidad desbordada. Dimensiones culturales de La globalización. Buenos Aires: FCE, 2001.BALL, Stephen J. Educação Global S. A.: novas redes de políticas e o imaginário neoliberal. Tradução de Janete Bridon. Ponta Grossa: UEPG, 2014. 270 p.BIESTA, Gert. Boa educação na era da mensuração. Trad. Teresa Dias Carneiro. Cadernos de Pesquisa, Campinas, v. 42, n. 147, p. 808- 825, set./dez. 2012.BRASIL. Parecer 11/2000. Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Brasília: CEB, 2000.BRASIL. Educação para Jovens e Adultos: Ensino Fundamental: Proposta Curricular -1º Segmento. São Paulo: Ação Educativa; Brasília: MEC, 2001.BRASIL. Resolucao CNE/CP 1. Institui Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia, licenciatura. Brasilia: 2006.BRASIL. Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais Gerais da Educação Básica. Brasília: MEC, SEB, DICEI, 2013.CRAVEIRO, Clarissa Bastos. Políticas curriculares para a formação de professores: processos de identificação docente (1995-2010). 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Educação). UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, 2014.CRAVEIRO, Clarissa Bastos. Corpus de Documentos Curriculares. Proped (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro. 1ª. ed., 2016. Fonte: www.curriculo-uerj.pro.br.CRAVEIRO, Clarissa Bastos; LOPES, Alice Casimiro. Sentidos de docência nos projetos curriculares FHC e Lula. Revista e-Curriculum (PUCSP), v. 13, n.3, p. 418-451, 2015.DERRIDA, Jacques. O monolinguismo do outro ou a prótese de origem. Trad. Fernanda Bernardo. Belo Horizonte (MG): Chão da Feira, 2016.FRANGELLA, Rita de Cassia Prazeres. Na procura de um curso: currículo-formação de professores-educação infantil identidade(s) em (des) construção? 2006. Tese (Doutorado em educação) – UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, 2006.HALL, Stuart. A centralidade da cultura: notas sobre as revoluções culturais do nosso tempo. Educação & Realidade, Porto Alegre, v. 22, n. 2, p. 15-46, jul./dez. 1997.HALL, Stuart. A identidade cultural na pós-modernidade. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A, 2006.LOPES, Alice Casimiro; MACEDO, Elizabeth. Políticas educativas, Currículo e Didática. In: LIBÂNEO, José Carlos; ALVES, Nilda (orgs.). Temas de Pedagogia: diálogos entre didática e currículo. São Paulo: Cortez, 2012, p. 534- 551.MACEDO, Elizabeth. Como a diferença passa do centro às margens nos currículos: o exemplo dos PCN. Educ. Soc., Campinas, vol. 30, n. 106, p. 87-109, jan./abr. 2009.MACEDO, Elizabeth. Base Nacional Curricular Comum: novas formas de sociabilidade produzindo sentidos para educação. Revista E-Curriculum, São Paulo, v.2, n.3, p.1530-1555, out./dez., 2014. MACEDO, Elizabeth. Base Nacional Comum para currículos: direitos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento para quem? Educ. Soc., Campinas, v. 36, nº. 133, p. 891-908, out.-dez. 2015.MACEDO, Elizabeth. Base Nacional Curricular Comum: a falsa oposição entre conhecimento para fazer algo e conhecimento em si. Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, v.32, n.02, p. 45-67, abr./ jun., 2016.MACEDO, Elizabeth. As demandas conservadoras do movimento escola sem partido e a base nacional curricular comum. Educ. Soc., Campinas, v. 38, nº. 139, p.507-524, abr.-jun., 2017.MILLER, Janet. Teorização do currículo como antídoto contra/na cultura da testagem. Revista E-Curriculum, São Paulo, v.2, n.3, p.2043-2063, out./dez., 2014. PARAÍSO, Marlucy A. A ciranda do currículo como gênero, poder e resistência. Currículo sem Fronteiras, v. 16, n. 3, p. 388-415, set./ dez., 2016.RIBEIRO, William de Goes. Remobilizando a pesquisa com o pós-estruturalismo: quando a diferença faz toda a diferença. Currículo sem Fronteiras, v. 16, n. 3, p. 542- 548, set./dez., 2016.VIEIRA, Jarbas Santos; HYPOLITO, Álvaro Moreira. Políticas curriculares, estandardização do conhecimento e ressignificação da aprendizagem. In: TURA, Maria de Lourdes Rangel; GARCIA, Maria Manuela Alves (org.). Currículo, políticas e ação docente. Rio de Janeiro: EdUERJ, 2013, p. 127- 135.
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"Measuring the Impact of Voltage Fade for Selected Li-Intercalating Layered Oxides". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2013-02/12/808.
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"Synthesis and Morphological Analysis of Carbonate Based Precursors for Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2012-02/10/808.
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"Ternary Blend Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Active Layers of PTB7, PC71BM, and PC61BM". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2015-02/17/808.
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"High Contrast Solid-State Devices of Self-Doping Polyaniline Sulfonic Acid (PASA) Based on Ionic-self Assembled Multilayers (ISAM)". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2007-02/11/808.
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"Activity and Stability of Fe/N/C Cathode Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells: Achievements and Remaining Challenges". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2009-02/10/808.
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"Model for Formation of Self-Ordered Anodic Oxide Nanomaterials". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2019-02/10/808.
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"EIS Study on Detection of Corrosion Site of Reinforced Concrete By Two Sensing Electrodes". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2017-02/13/808.
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"Properties of Porous GaAs Substrate for III-N Epitaxy". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2005-02/21/808.
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"Hexavalent Chromium-Free Pre-Treatment for Galvanized Steel". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2006-02/15/808.
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"Improvement of Charge-Discharge Cycling Performances of Zinc Electrode By Using Porous-TiO2-Coated Zinc As a Negative Electrode Active Material". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2016-02/5/808.
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"Electrochemically Available Surface Area and Mass and Specific Activities of Extended Surface Pt Nanostructures". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2011-02/16/808.
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"Group 4 and 5 Oxide-based Compounds as New Cathodes without Platinum Group Metals for PEFC". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2008-02/11/808.
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"Application of Directly Oriented CNT on Carbon Paper for Electrode in PEMFCs". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2010-02/10/808.
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"Development and STM Study of Hydrogen based Deposition of Pt on Pd Thin Films". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2014-02/15/808.
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"A Mathematical Model and Experimental Examination of the Electrodeposition of Nanocatalysts on Various Substrates for Energy Conversion and Storage Applications". ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-02/22/808.
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Bolat, Özgür. "The Impact of Self-Esteem on Teacher Leadership: An Experimental Design". lnternational Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 30.09.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2023.317.
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This study aims to examine the impact of self-esteem on teacher leadership beliefs in Türkiye through both correlational and experimental analyses since self-esteem is considered to be a crucial antecedent of leadership. The author conducts three separate studies with a sample size of 808. The first study (n = 237) uses correlational analyses (Spearman). The second study (n = 222) adopts a scenario-based, within-participants experimental design where the self-esteem level of teachers is manipulated. A paired t-test was used to analyze the data. The third study (n=349) employs a between-participants experimental design. ANOVA test was conducted to analyze the data. The correlational analysis of the first study found a positive relationship between self-esteem and teacher leadership (rho =.35, p < .001). The second study revealed that participants perceived teachers with high self-esteem to be more likely to exercise leadership, t(221) = 1.97, p < 0.01. The third study found that teachers who were primed to have high self-esteem were more likely to adopt leadership beliefs, F(2, 348) = 3.91, p = .02. The result experimentally demonstrated that self-esteem is an important antecedent of teacher leadership. This study contributes to the literature on teacher leadership by providing a causal link between self-esteem and teacher leadership.
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Chiang, Sarah N., Gretchen A. Meyer, Gary B. Skolnick, Daniel A. Hunter, Matthew D. Wood, Xiaowei Li, Alison K. Snyder-Warwick i Kamlesh B. Patel. "Effect of Veau Class on Levator Veli Palatini Muscle Composition". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal, 4.11.2022, 105566562211278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10556656221127840.
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Objective To examine levator veli palatini muscle composition in patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate and investigate the impact of Veau class. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care academic hospital. Patients/Participants Thirteen patients with nonsyndromic cleft palate were recruited. Interventions During primary palatoplasty, a sample of levator veli palatini muscle was excised and prepared for histological analysis. Main Outcome Measures Fat and collagen content were determined utilizing Oil Red and Sirius red stains, respectively, while muscle fiber cross-sectional areas were calculated from H&E-stained samples, with analysis using histomorphometric methods. Immunofluorescent staining of myosin heavy chain isoforms was performed. Results Patients underwent repair at 10.8 months of age (interquartile range [IQR] 10.2-12.9). Fat content of the levator veli palatini muscle was low in both groups, ranging from 0% to 5.2%. Collagen content ranged from 8.5% to 39.8%; neither fat nor collagen content showed an association with Veau classes. Mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area decreased with increasing Veau class, from 808 µm2 (range 692-995 µm2) in Veau II to 651 µm2 (range 232-750 µm2) in Veau III ( P = .02). There was also a nonsignificant decrease in proportion of type I muscle fibers with increasing Veau class (44.3% [range 31.4%-84.4%] in Veau II vs 35.3% [range 17.4%-61.3%] in Veau III). Conclusions Muscle fiber area in levator veli palatini muscles decreases in Veau III clefts in comparison to Veau II. The impact of these differences in velopharyngeal dysfunction requires further analysis of a larger cohort.
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Pan, Yang, John W. Phillips, Beatrice D. Zhang, Miyako Noguchi, Eric Kutschera, Jami McLaughlin, Pavlo A. Nesterenko i in. "IRIS: Discovery of cancer immunotherapy targets arising from pre-mRNA alternative splicing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 120, nr 21 (16.05.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2221116120.
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Alternative splicing (AS) is prevalent in cancer, generating an extensive but largely unexplored repertoire of novel immunotherapy targets. We describe I soform peptides from R NA splicing for I mmunotherapy target S creening (IRIS), a computational platform capable of discovering AS-derived tumor antigens (TAs) for T cell receptor (TCR) and chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies. IRIS leverages large-scale tumor and normal transcriptome data and incorporates multiple screening approaches to discover AS-derived TAs with tumor-associated or tumor-specific expression. In a proof-of-concept analysis integrating transcriptomics and immunopeptidomics data, we showed that hundreds of IRIS-predicted TCR targets are presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We applied IRIS to RNA-seq data of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). From 2,939 NEPC-associated AS events, IRIS predicted 1,651 epitopes from 808 events as potential TCR targets for two common HLA types (A*02:01 and A*03:01). A more stringent screening test prioritized 48 epitopes from 20 events with “neoantigen-like” NEPC-specific expression. Predicted epitopes are often encoded by microexons of ≤30 nucleotides. To validate the immunogenicity and T cell recognition of IRIS-predicted TCR epitopes, we performed in vitro T cell priming in combination with single-cell TCR sequencing. Seven TCRs transduced into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed high activity against individual IRIS-predicted epitopes, providing strong evidence of isolated TCRs reactive to AS-derived peptides. One selected TCR showed efficient cytotoxicity against target cells expressing the target peptide. Our study illustrates the contribution of AS to the TA repertoire of cancer cells and demonstrates the utility of IRIS for discovering AS-derived TAs and expanding cancer immunotherapies.
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"83. DHR Dom 2008-12-29 UfR 2009 s. 808". Nordisk Domssamling 51, nr 02 (30.11.2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1504-3185-2009-02-41.
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"808 Poster Modulation of accelerated repopulation in mouse skin after topical application of betamethasone and daily fractionated x-irradiation". Radiotherapy and Oncology 64 (wrzesień 2002): S240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(02)83117-6.
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Torchen, Laura Christine, Sarayu Ratnam, Camila Vendrami, Frank Miller i Andrea Elizabeth Dunaif. "OR11-02 Distinctive Neuroendocrine Changes and Menstrual Dysfunction in Early Postmenarchal Daughters of Women With PCOS". Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, Supplement_1 (kwiecień 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2172.
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Abstract PCOS is a complex genetic disease with strong familial aggregation - ~40% of reproductive-age sisters have elevated testosterone (T) levels and other features of the syndrome. Beginning in infancy, daughters of affected women (PCOS-d) have elevated anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and evidence for global increases in 5α-reductase activity. Peripubertally, PCOS-d have increased T levels. Peripubertal overweight and obesity (OB) girls also have elevated T but not AMH levels. We initiated a prospective study of PCOS-d and OB to test the hypothesis that only PCOS-d are at increased risk to develop PCOS. Herein, we present the baseline assessments in 14 PCOS-d, 14 OB, and 18 lean control girls (LC) aged 11-16 yrs who were enrolled within 2-yrs of menarche. PCOS-d mothers fulfilled NIH criteria, OB and LC mothers had no history of irregular menses or clinical hyperandrogenism. Morning blood sampling was performed for hormone levels. Free T was calculated from total T and SHBG. Ovarian MRI was performed to assess morphology. Data are mean ± SD, α=0.05. By design, age did not differ between the groups, but BMI z-score was higher in OB compared with PCOS-d and LC (1.3±1.1 PCOS-d v 2.0±0.6 OB v 0.1±0.7 LC, P<0.0001). The prevalence of irregular menses (cycles ≤ 21d or ≥ 45d apart) was significantly increased only in PCOS-d (61% PCOS-d, 23% OB, 19% LC, Χ 2 P=0.03). Total T levels did not differ between the groups. SHBG levels were decreased in PCOS-d and OB (23±16 PCOS-d v 30±16 OB v 56±15 LC, nmol/L, P<0.0001), resulting in a trend toward increased free T levels in these groups (0.6±0.3 PCOS-d v 0.6±0.5 OB v 0.4±0.2 LC, ng/dL, P=0.06). DHEAS levels were higher in PCOS-d and OB compared with LC (135±35 PCOS-d v 150±68 OB v 88±46 LC, ug/dL, P=0.05). AMH levels, follicle counts and ovarian volume did not differ. GnRH analog (GnRHa,10 µg/kg SC) stimulation was performed in 9 PCOS-d and 13 OB. Both baseline LH levels (7.6±4.4 PCOS-d v 3.7±2.1 OB, mIU/mL, P=0.01) and LH responses to GnRHa were significantly increased in PCOS-d (LH AUC: 2110±1132 PCOS-d v 1047±808 OB, P=0.01). Baseline FSH and FSH AUC did not differ. Post-GnRHa 17-OHP levels did not differ. Early postmenarchal PCOS-d but not OB have evidence for increased GnRH-mediated LH release, a cardinal feature of PCOS disordered gonadotropin secretion. The increased prevalence of irregular menses in PCOS-d is consistent with this change. In contrast, androgen levels are similarly increased in both groups. These findings align with genomewide association studies implicating gonadotropin secretion and action in PCOS pathogenesis and suggest that neuroendocrine alternations in gonadotropin release are a core causal pathway in PCOS. Moreover, these findings provide further support for our hypothesis that PCOS-d but not OB are at increased risk for PCOS. Longitudinal studies are ongoing to test this hypothesis at 2-yrs postmenarche when the diagnosis of PCOS can be established.