Artykuły w czasopismach: „802.11 Wireless communication”

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Feng Zhang, T. C. Todd, Dongmei Zhao i V. Kezys. "Power saving access points for IEEE 802-11 wireless network infrastructure". IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 5, nr 2 (luty 2006): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2006.25.

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SinghYadav, Brijesh, i Parul Yadav. "Impact of New Highly Secure Scheme on Wireless Network 802. 11 Performance". International Journal of Computer Applications 51, nr 7 (30.08.2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/8056-1403.

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A.Mohamed, M., W. B. Bahget i S. S Mohamed. "A Performance Evaluation for Rate Adaptation Algorithms in IEEE 802. 11 Wireless Networks". International Journal of Computer Applications 99, nr 4 (20.08.2014): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/17365-7884.

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Fettouh, Abdessadeq, Najib El Kamoun i Abdelaziz El Fazziki. "Performance Analysis of Ubiquitous Wireless Connectivity in a 3G/IEEE 802. 11 Integrated Network". International Journal of Computer Applications 59, nr 10 (18.12.2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/9583-4061.

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Li, Xinran. "Review of wireless communication transmission technology". Applied and Computational Engineering 11, nr 1 (25.09.2023): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230199.

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With the advancement of modern science and technology, wireless communication technology has grown rapidly. A number of common standards for wireless data transmission have emerged, primarily for long-distance and short-range wireless communication. This paper compares several common wireless communication transmission technologies, including satellite communication, Bluetooth, WiFi, NFC, etc. Wireless communication technology has now entered the 5G stage. From the previous SMS to the current video conference, the transmission rate and transmission accuracy have been greatly improved. Wi-Fi facilities everywhere in the city, Bluetooth transmission, mobile phone NFC payment, etc. are convenient and improve people's lives. Wireless communication technology also has many applications, such as 5G technology, Internet of Things technology, and the development of artificial intelligence technology.

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Liu, Chengyin, Yi Zhang, Hao Chen, Jiande Wu i Xiangning He. "Orthogonal-Frequency Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer for High-Power Wireless EV Charging". Energies 17, nr 8 (12.04.2024): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081851.

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In a simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) system using common coils, achieving high-speed communication in high-power wireless charging systems is challenging due to power transfer interference on communication. Based on high-frequency data carrier-based SWPDT (HFDC-SWPDT) technology, this paper proposes an orthogonal-frequency simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (OF-SWPDT) method to minimize interference where the data carrier frequency is orthogonal to the power carrier frequency and its harmonics. In addition, a guard band is inserted between the spectra of power harmonics and data in order to further separate the power and data spectra. Thus, a high-power, high-speed SWPDT system is achieved. Finally, an 11 kW prototype with 64.125 kbps full-duplex communication is developed to validate the proposed method.

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Din, Zia Ud, i Leonhard E. Bernold. "Experimental study of signal behavior for wireless communication in construction". Construction Innovation 17, nr 4 (20.10.2017): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-11-2016-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of building components of a growing concrete structure and different building materials such as glass and steel on Wi-Fi signals propagation in a construction site. Wireless local area networks are considered effective tools to link the islands-of-communication in construction. Still, designing a Wi-Fi network that can grow with a new construction requires that one understands the performance of propagation of electromagnetic signals transmitted at 2.4 GHz. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the theoretical behavior of electromagnetic signals when signal attenuation is caused by various construction materials changing their strengths, directions and possibly leading to total absorption. The authors used a typical building layout to conduct experimental work to measure the effect of common building features and communication technologies on signal strengths. Findings The measured data not only confirmed the theory-based predictions but also demonstrated the complexity of predicting signal propagation when obstructions inhibit the line-of-sight “travel” of electromagnetic signals. Originality/value Different to other papers, the experiments were conducted outside a concrete building mimicking the situation where the transmitter is set up at the site office.

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Angalaeswari, T., i M. Logeswari. "Machine Learning Techniques for 5g And Beyond". Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence 3, nr 2 (1.02.2023): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/daai/3/2/11.

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In today's world, wireless communication systems are extremely important for applications related to entertainment, business, commerce, health and safety. These systems continue to advance from generation to generation and at this time, fifth generation (5G) wireless networks are being deployed globally the globe. Beyond 5G wireless systems, which will represent the sixth generation (6G) of the evolution, are already being discussed in academia and industry. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to such wireless networks will be one of the primary and essential elements of 6G systems. According to our present understanding of wireless technologies up to 5G, every component and building block of a wireless system, such as the physical, network, and application layers, will involve one or more of them.

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Ahmadi, Zahra, Mehdi Salkhordeh Haghighi i Zohreh Validi. "A Novel Approach For Energy Optimization In Distributed Databases in Wireless Network Applications". Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 8, nr 2 (29.09.2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol8iss2pp7-11.

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Energy consumption is a significant factor in wireless networks with battery-powered nodes and transceivers as a dominant energy consumer .Also mutual exclusion is a fundamental problem in distributed systems.“Mutual exclusion” allows only one process at a time to access the shared resource and the others have to be locked and wait for their turns.. Retaining mutual exclusion, is proposed as a solution to guarantee the correctness of read/written information from/in the shared resource or critical sections (CS).Wireless Network is an unstable network formed dynamically by a connection of wireless mobile nodes without the use of an existing network substructure. Since energy consumption during communication is a major depletion parameter the number of communication must be reduced as much as possible to achieve extended battery life. Since battery technology does not grow as rapidly as CPU or memory does so there is a strong need for the presence of protocols which are as energy efficient as effective.In this paper we present a new fully distributed token–based mutual-exclusion algorithm for clustered Mobile ad-hoc network with message count reduction purpose which eventuates to power optimization. Therefore we use Raymond's algorithm (which is well-known in stepping down message complexity) within the clusters and perpetual Mobility of token (that is so efficient in high load network such as Manet's) between the clusters.

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Khalid Nghaimesh, Abeer, i Ali Khalid Jassim. "TRIPLE-BAND CIRCULAR PATCH MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION". Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 28, nr 1 (1.01.2024): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.28.1.5.

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In this article, a triple-band patch antenna using a circular patch microstrip antenna is constructed with a low-profile patch antenna using a 1.5 mm thick FR4 substrate (εr= 4.3). As mobile devices like smartphones and laptops become more common, the usage of tiny, triple-band antennas has also become more common. The objective of this research is to design a circular patch antenna with a 3–11 GHz dipole-like radiation pattern, which may be used for industrial, scientific, and medical reasons. For the suggested triple-band antenna design, the slotted radiator with six arches and the reduction of the ground plane are among the components. In addition, the standard 50 Ω RF transmission line stimulates the patch antenna; this transmission line is attached to the microstrip line by an impedance-compliant SMA connection. Data from the experiments are obtained, evaluated, and compared; to the patch's surface current distributions, gain, and radiation patterns. According to the measurements, S11 has an impedance bandwidth in the 5.5 GHz band of less than -10 dB, 6.6 GHz band, and 10.4 GHz band at all frequencies. The superb radiation pattern performance, relatively consistent gain throughout the bands, and practical bandwidths of this antenna make it a good choice for C-band and dual X-band applications.

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Gorgutsa, Stepan, Kyle Bachus, Sophie LaRochelle, Richard D. Oleschuk i Younes Messaddeq. "Washable hydrophobic smart textiles and multi-material fibers for wireless communication". Smart Materials and Structures 25, nr 11 (18.10.2016): 115027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/11/115027.

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Ibrahim, Abu Bakar, i Ahmad Zamzuri Mohamad Ali. "Design of Microwave LNA Based on Ladder Matching Networks for WiMAX Applications". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, nr 4 (1.08.2016): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.9877.

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Advancement in the wireless industry, internet access without borders and increasing demand for high data rate wireless digital communication moving us toward the optimal development of communication technology. Wireless communication is a technology that plays an important role in current technology transformation. Broadband communication is a method of telecommunication that are available for transmitting large amounts of data, voice and video over long distance using different frequencies. Specifically, Low Noise Amplifier which is located at the first block of receiver system, makes it one of the important element in improving signal transmition. This study was aimed to design a microwave Low Noise Amplifier for wireless application that will work at 5.8 GHz using high-performance low noise superHEMT transistor FHX76LP manufactured by Eudyna Technologies. The low noise amplifier (LNA) produced gain of 16.8 dB and noise figure (NF) of 1.20 dB. The input reflection (S11) and output return loss (S22) are -10.5 dB and -13.3 dB respectively. The bandwidth of the amplifier recorded is 1.2 GHz. The input sensitivity is compliant with the IEEE 802.16 standards.

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Ibrahim, Abu Bakar, i Ahmad Zamzuri Mohamad Ali. "Design of Microwave LNA Based on Ladder Matching Networks for WiMAX Applications". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, nr 4 (1.08.2016): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1717-1724.

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Advancement in the wireless industry, internet access without borders and increasing demand for high data rate wireless digital communication moving us toward the optimal development of communication technology. Wireless communication is a technology that plays an important role in current technology transformation. Broadband communication is a method of telecommunication that are available for transmitting large amounts of data, voice and video over long distance using different frequencies. Specifically, Low Noise Amplifier which is located at the first block of receiver system, makes it one of the important element in improving signal transmition. This study was aimed to design a microwave Low Noise Amplifier for wireless application that will work at 5.8 GHz using high-performance low noise superHEMT transistor FHX76LP manufactured by Eudyna Technologies. The low noise amplifier (LNA) produced gain of 16.8 dB and noise figure (NF) of 1.20 dB. The input reflection (S11) and output return loss (S22) are -10.5 dB and -13.3 dB respectively. The bandwidth of the amplifier recorded is 1.2 GHz. The input sensitivity is compliant with the IEEE 802.16 standards.

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Kamruzzaman, M. M. "Performance of Relay Assisted STBC Coded MIMO Wireless Downlink Communication". International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 3, nr 1 (1.04.2014): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v3i1.pp30-38.

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In this paper, performance of relay assisted wireless link is evaluated in the presence of rayleigh fading where source (base Station) is equipped with multiple single transmit antenna, relay is equipped with multiple transmit and receive antennas, and destination (mobile handset) has single receive antenna. Data are modulated using QPSK or 16 QAM or 64 QAM modulator at handset and send to relay which combined and decode the incoming signal using Maximum Likelihood decoding and further encode the symbols using STBC, and the encoded data are split into n streams which are simultaneously transmitted using n transmit antennas of relay. It is observed that relay assisted system having with different combination of transmit and receive antennas at relay provides 11-13 dB gains compared to direct link at 10-5.

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Farai, Omotayo, Nicole Metje, Carl Anthony i David Chapman. "Analysis of Acoustic Signal Propagation for Reliable Digital Communication along Exposed and Buried Water Pipes". Applied Sciences 13, nr 7 (5.04.2023): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074611.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have emerged as a robust and cost-effective solution for buried pipeline monitoring due to the low cost (a maximum of a few tens of UK pounds (GBP)), low power supply capacity (in the order of 1 watt/hour) and small size (centimetre scale) requirements of the wireless sensor nodes. One of the main challenges for WSN deployment, however, is the limited range of underground data communication between the wireless sensor nodes of less than 3 m, which subsequently increases deployment costs for a utility owner for buried pipeline monitoring. A promising alternative to overcome this limitation is using low-frequency (<1 kHz) acoustic signal propagation along the pipe. This paper examines the feasibility of using low-frequency acoustic signal propagation along exposed and buried medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) pipes and makes predictions of the potential distances at which reliable data communication can be achieved. Quantification of the acoustic attenuation was performed using both analytical and numerical models in addition to laboratory and field experiments. The predicted acoustic data communication distance ranged between approximately 18 m for an exposed and approximately 11 m for a buried MDPE pipe. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using low-frequency acoustic signal propagation for achieving reliable wireless underground communication.

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Juneja, Abhinav, Sapna Juneja, Vikram Bali i Sudhir Mahajan. "Multi-Criterion Decision Making for Wireless Communication Technologies Adoption in IoT". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 10, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2021010101.

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There is an unprecedented growth of internet and internet-based technologies in the recent times. We are now switching to 5G as the most recent wireless communication technology. The internet of things has become a blessing for Industry 4.0 by challenging all the existing technologies in its utility for contributing to the industrial growth. There are a lot of wireless communication technologies for IoT, and it becomes difficult choice to select one suitable for an application. Authors have presented multi-criteria decision-making techniques which are very instrumental in making a confirmed decision on the choice of appropriate technology. This choice is done based on a number of deciding parameter which are used to differentiate between all the available options. The authors have identified 11 wireless communication technologies and seven parameters to evaluate the performance of the WCT's. All the seven parameters are considered in ranking and rank matrix is obtained. This technique can be very helpful for application designers so as to choose the right platform for their applications.

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Rao, V. N. D. Koteswara, N. V. K. Maha Lakshmi, D. Srinivasa Rao, G. V. Subrahmanyam, S. Chandra Sekhar, V. L. N. Phani Ponnapalli i Vella Satyanarayana. "A NOVEL COMPACT TE-DGS UWB ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS". Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 82, nr 11 (2023): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v82.i11.30.

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In this study, we investigated a novel triangularly etched defective ground structure (TE-DGS) microstrip line fed a compact slotted ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. The proposed antenna has a compact design size of 20 × 28 mm2 and a distinctive slotted patch configuration printed on a FR-4 substrate. The described antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 130% and an S11 value of less than -10 dB across 3.1-14.52 GHz. The radiator was practically fabricated, and the experimental findings concurred well with the results obtained from the simulation. Across the entire operational bandwidth, the designed antenna preserved excellent impedance matching, constant gain, and steady radiation patterns in the frequency domain as well as constant group delay, minimized isolation, and linear phase in the time domain.

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Das, S., P. P. Sarkar i S. K. Chowdhury. "Frequency tunable printed antenna with 90% size reduction for wireless communication applications". Journal of Instrumentation 14, nr 11 (7.11.2019): P11010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/11/p11010.

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Okoro, R., O. C. Ubadike, A. J. Onumanyi i A. M. Aibinu. "Routing optimization in a wireless network using genetic algorithm and ILA routing metric". Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, nr 5 (13.05.2022): 938–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i5.19.

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Wireless access technology is a popular means of delivering various telecommunication services to users in Nigeria. Wireless Mesh Networking and Wireless Sensor Networking have found useful applications in wireless access systems, surveillance and infrastructure Management. A key problem associated with this technology is performance degradation in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Achieving good QoS in Wireless Networks design involves implementing a robust routing optimization technique. Genetic Algorithm (GA) technique in NS2 network simulator was used to implement routing optimization in order to solve the performance issues experienced in a campus-based Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) communication system. The Interference and Load Aware (ILA) routing metric was chosen as the fitness function which helps to select the best route from a set of identified traffic paths that best guarantees low delay, high throughput and low packet losses suitable for real time communication. Results show that the GA based route optimization produced a 23% improvement in Throughput, 11% less Delay and 16% less Packet loss in comparison to the non-GA route. This work shows that route optimization in wireless multi-hop networks based on GA and ILA improves its QoS.

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Paschal, Cynthia B. "FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN PHYSIOLOGY TEACHING USING A WIRELESS CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION SYSTEM". Advances in Physiology Education 26, nr 4 (grudzień 2002): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00030.2002.

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Systems physiology, studied by biomedical engineers, is an analytical way to approach the homeostatic foundations of basic physiology. In many systems physiology courses, students attend lectures and are given homework and reading assignments to complete outside of class. The effectiveness of this traditional approach was compared with an approach in which a wireless classroom communication system was used to provide instant feedback on in-class learning activities and reading assignment quizzes. Homework was eliminated in this approach. The feedback system used stimulated 100% participation in class and facilitated rapid formative assessment. The results of this study indicate that learning of systems physiology concepts including physiology is at least, as if not more, effective when in-class quizzes and activities with instant feedback are used in place of traditional learning activities including homework. When results of this study are interpreted in light of possible effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on student learning in the test group, it appears that the modified instruction may be more effective than the traditional instruction.

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Bakulin, Mikhail G., Taoufik Ben Rejeb, Vitaly B. Kreyndelin, Denis Y. Pankratov i Alexey E. Smirnov. "Analysis of different NOMA schemes efficiency". T-Comm 17, nr 1 (2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2023-17-1-4-11.

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Sixth generation 6G (Sixth Generation) wireless communication systems are the most popular direction of articles and literature. The main interest is the future standard of the 3GPP project, which defines the key technologies that will be used in the new generation of wireless communication systems. NOMA (Non-orthogonal multiple access) technology is one of the fundamental technologies for 6G systems. Using NOMA technology, it is possible to implement the concept of "Massive connectivity" for 6G systems, which assumes the provision of high capacity of future communication systems and more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum. There are several schemes for organizing multiple NOMA access. The most promising of them are SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access) –and WSMA (Welch-bound equality Spread Multiple Access). The main goal of this article is to compare the performance of non-orthogonal SCMA and WSMA schemes.

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Soliman, Ahmed M., Dalia M. Elsheakh i Esmat A. Abdallah. "Low SAR reconfigurable multiband planar inverted-F antenna for wireless communication applications". International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 7, nr 2 (24.04.2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000543.

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A low specific absorption rate (SAR) reconfigurable multiband coplanar waveguide fed planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is presented in this paper. Different numbers of meander-turn-shaped slots are etched on the PIFA radiating plate to excite new resonant frequencies. Extra resonant frequencies are created by increasing the number of meander-turn-shaped slots for different wireless communication applications. A new independent resonant frequency is created by etching a coupled slot within the ground plane for the upper WLAN. A PIN diode switch is used to reconfigure the fundamental resonant frequency from the LTE band 11 to band 8 with a total of 63% size reduction compared with the original PIFA size. Furthermore, the SAR in the human head is investigated using the Hugo voxel model in CST Microwave Studio. The volume of the antenna is 22 × 30 mm2over a 35 × 50 mm2ground plane, which is suitable for handheld devices.

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He, Jun, Jie Li, Xiaowu Zhu, Shangkun Xiong i Fangjiong Chen. "Design and Analysis of an Optical–Acoustic Cooperative Communication System for an Underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle". Applied Sciences 12, nr 11 (30.05.2022): 5533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115533.

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Underwater wireless communication technology plays a key role in the field of marine equipment technology. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an underwater optical–acoustic cooperative communication platform for an underwater wireless data transmission system. The system utilizes an underwater Remote-Operated Vehicle (ROV) as a carrier, equipped with LEDbased optical communication and acoustic communication modems. In particular, the system applies optical communication to transmit large-scale data and applies acoustic communication to provide acoustic-assisted signaling exchange before optical transmission and Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) during optical transmission. By experimentally measuring the transmission distance under different water quality conditions, we found that the system can achieve a data rate of up to 5 Mb/s over a laboratory underwater channel of 7.6 m. By comparing the attenuation coefficients for the outdoor underwater environment with that in clear seawater, we estimate that the achievable link distance in clear seawater can reach 11 m with a data rate of 3.125 MB/s. The proposed system takes both implementation complexity and cost into consideration and also provides significant guidance for future real-time high-speed underwater optical–acoustic communications.

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Qi, Bowen, Juan Cui, Yongqiu Zheng, Bingrui Zhang, Chengqun Chu, Xiaolong Yan, Xiang Gao i Chenyang Xue. "Optimized Design of an Ultrasonic-Based High-Efficiency Wireless Passive Monitoring System for Sealed Metal Compartments". Micromachines 15, nr 1 (26.12.2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15010048.

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The condition monitoring (CM) of sealed metal compartments (SMCs) is an urgently required restructure. Ultrasound penetrates SMCs to power and communicate with built-in sensors, enabling the CM of SMCs. However, current ultrasonic wireless power transfer and data communication (UWPTADC) systems are large and complex, and limited by the efficiency of energy transfer and data reliability. In this paper, an optimized design of a high-efficiency wireless passive monitoring system using UWPTADC techniques is proposed for SMC. The circuit model of the system is developed and analyzed to achieve an optimal design for efficient wireless power transfer and effective data communication coupling. A test system was constructed using a steel wall of 11 mm thickness as a validation object. At the ultrasonic carrier frequency of 1.045 MHz, the system has an energy transfer efficiency of 60%, and a communication rate of 50 kbps. In addition, the system realizes temperature and humidity monitoring inside a 13 mm thick cylindrical SMC, simulating the process of ultrasonic CM of an actual engine compartment. The system provides a wiring-free and battery-free solution for CM in SMCs, advancing CM in aerospace, marine and other fields.

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Gounella, Rodrigo, Augusto Martins, Vinicius Pepino, Ben-Hur Viana Borges i João Paulo Carmo. "A Low-Cost Instrument for Multidimensional Characterization of Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies". Applied Sciences 13, nr 11 (29.05.2023): 6581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13116581.

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Exploring the potential of 3D printing in electromagnetic wave manipulation, this paper introduces a novel, cost-effective instrument for microwave metasurface characterization. Metasurfaces, designed to alter wave propagation, are promising tools for enhancing antenna efficiency in advanced telecommunication methods, such as 5G systems. However, their complex profile characterization often poses significant challenges. Our proposed fully automated four-axis instrument, leveraging 3D printing capable of creating complex structures (such as metasurfaces), addresses these challenges by offering an efficient and precise solution. The instrument, costing approximately USD 1550, successfully characterized a metalens designed for modulating 30 GHz signals with a 20 cm focal distance, proving its utility. The 2D and 3D intensity distribution profiles and key parameters (including 8.05 dB gain, 11 cm 3 dB depth of focus, and 2.17 cm full width at half maximum) were extracted. Our measurements notably corresponded with the theoretical diffraction calculations, validating the instrument’s efficacy. This breakthrough significantly contributes to microwave metasurface characterization techniques which are vital for future millimeter-wave communication systems.

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Koblitz, A. Ryo, Lorenzo Maggi i Matthew Andrews. "Reducing the Environmental Impact of Wireless Communication via Probabilistic Machine Learning". Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series 2, nr 1 (22.01.2024): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v2i1.27654.

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Machine learning methods are increasingly adopted in communications problems, particularly those arising in next generation wireless settings. Though seen as a key climate mitigation and societal adaptation enabler, communications related energy consumption is high and is expected to grow in future networks in spite of anticipated efficiency gains in 6G due to exponential communications traffic growth. To make meaningful climate mitigation impact in the communications sector, a mindset shift away from maximizing throughput at all cost and towards prioritizing energy efficiency is needed. Moreover, this must be adopted in both existing (without incurring further embodied carbon costs through equipment replacement) and future network infrastructure, given the long development time of mobile generations. To that end, we present summaries of two such problems, from both current and next generation network specifications, where probabilistic inference methods were used to great effect: using Bayesian parameter tuning we are able to safely reduce the energy consumption of existing hardware on a live communications network by 11% whilst maintaining operator specified performance envelopes; through spatiotemporal Gaussian process surrogate modeling we reduce the overhead in a next generation hybrid beamforming system by over 60%, greatly improving the networks' ability to target highly mobile users such as autonomous vehicles. The Bayesian paradigm is itself helpful in terms of energy usage, since training a Bayesian optimization model can require much less computation than, say, training a deep neural network.

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Doebbert, Thomas Robert, Christoph Cammin i Gerd Scholl. "Precision measurement of the application-dependent current consumption of a wireless transceiver chip in the time and frequency domain". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 11, nr 1 (13.06.2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-11-149-2022.

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Abstract. Modern production concepts generate a demand for reliable, energy-efficient, fast, and secure wireless communication solutions. Therefore, the current consumption should not increase substantially due to additional cryptographic operations. This paper shows a principle current measurement method that is exemplary of a transceiver for the IO-Link Wireless protocol. Low-pass filtering and single-sided amplitude spectrum analysis are used to evaluate the main information of the current measurement. An uncertainty estimation is realized using statistical measurement data and considering the measurement setup in order to approximate the combined standard uncertainty. The results show that the current consumption only increases slightly when using additional cryptographic operations. This can be measured with acceptable uncertainty.

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Guo, Xinyue, Shuangshuang Li i Yang Guo. "Experimental Demonstration of Special-Shaped 32-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Constellations for Visible Light Communications". Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2018 (20.06.2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7252795.

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With the rapid development of light-emitting diode, visible light communication (VLC) has become a candidate technology for the next generation of high-speed indoor wireless communication. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the 32-quadrature amplitude modulation (32-QAM) constellation shaping schemes for the first time, where two special circular constellations, named Circular (4, 11, 17) and Circular (1, 5, 11, 15), and a triangular constellation are proposed based on the Shannon’s criterion. Theoretical analysis indicates that the triangular constellation scheme has the largest minimum Euclidian distance while the Circular (4, 11, 17) scheme achieves the lowest peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Experimental results show that the bit error rate performance is finally decided by the value of PAPR in the VLC system due to the serious nonlinearity of the LED, where the Circular (4, 11, 17) scheme always performs best under the 7% preforward error correction threshold of 3.8 × 10−3 with 62.5Mb/s transmission data rate and 1-meter transmission distance.

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Zhang, Huancheng. "Professional English Teaching Model Based on Wireless Network Communication and Multimedia". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (6.10.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2244472.

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The integration of multimedia technology and foreign language teaching has gradually become a contemporary key research topic under the trend of the integration of modern information technology and education. As an emerging method, multimedia-assisted learning method can not only create a more realistic language learning environment but also make contributions in stimulating students’ willingness to learn and improving educational effects. However, sometimes it is used improperly, this method can easily lead to the teaching form being larger than the content, and the teaching effect may not be satisfactory. This article focuses on the characteristics of the professional English teaching model based on wireless network communication and multimedia, discusses the practical application of wireless network communication and multimedia technology in professional English teaching, and conducts a simple research on the professional English teaching model. Taking the professional English teaching model and the traditional multimedia teaching model of English as the research objects, two natural students are selected as the research objects, and they are divided into the experimental group and the control group. Statistical software is used to analyze the data in detail. The test results of the experimental class and the control class were analyzed before and after the experiment. The experimental results show that the professional English teaching model based on wireless network and multimedia has a significant teaching effect compared with the traditional English teaching model. Comparing the experimental group and the control group, English scores improved by 11%. The gap between the two groups is very obvious. As far as the scores of each part of the English test paper are concerned, the scores of each part of the experimental group are also higher than those of the control group. The professional English teaching model based on wireless network communication and multimedia turns out to be effective and popular among students.

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Ramakrishna, Ch, G. A. E. Satish Kumar i P. Chandra Sekhar Reddy. "Quadruple Band-Notched Compact Monopole UWB Antenna for Wireless Applications". Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 21, nr 5 (30.11.2021): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2021.5.r.49.

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A printed quadruple band-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna characteristic is presented. The designed UWB antenna has a size of 32 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm and covers an impedance bandwidth off 2.9–14.5 GHz for the entire frequency band. The entire frequency band maintains voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) <2, except at WiMAX (3.1–3.6 GHz), WLAN (4.92–6.12 GHz), downlink of X-band for satellite communication systems (7.5–8.4 GHz), and X-band (10.2–11 GHz). By inserting a pair of L-shaped slots into the radiating element, a H-shaped resonator and rectangular split-ring resonators are closely arranged to the microstrip feed-line, alongside the measured impedance bandwidth of 129%. The fabricated antenna radiation pattern and return loss is presented.

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Li, Xiaojing, i Qinliang Liu. "Social Media Use, eHealth Literacy, Disease Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study on Chinese Netizens". Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, nr 10 (9.10.2020): e19684. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19684.

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Background Since its outbreak in January 2020, COVID-19 has quickly spread worldwide and has become a global pandemic. Social media platforms have been recognized as important tools for health-promoting practices in public health, and the use of social media is widespread among the public. However, little is known about the effects of social media use on health promotion during a pandemic such as COVID-19. Objective In this study, we aimed to explore the predictive role of social media use on public preventive behaviors in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and how disease knowledge and eHealth literacy moderated the relationship between social media use and preventive behaviors. Methods A national web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted by a proportionate probability sampling among 802 Chinese internet users (“netizens”) in February 2020. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions were employed to examine and explore the relationships among all the variables. Results Almost half the 802 study participants were male (416, 51.9%), and the average age of the participants was 32.65 years. Most of the 802 participants had high education levels (624, 77.7%), had high income >¥5000 (US $736.29) (525, 65.3%), were married (496, 61.8%), and were in good health (486, 60.6%). The average time of social media use was approximately 2 to 3 hours per day (mean 2.34 hours, SD 1.11), and the most frequently used media types were public social media (mean score 4.49/5, SD 0.78) and aggregated social media (mean score 4.07/5, SD 1.07). Social media use frequency (β=.20, P<.001) rather than time significantly predicted preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Respondents were also equipped with high levels of disease knowledge (mean score 8.15/10, SD 1.43) and eHealth literacy (mean score 3.79/5, SD 0.59). Disease knowledge (β=.11, P=.001) and eHealth literacy (β=.27, P<.001) were also significant predictors of preventive behaviors. Furthermore, eHealth literacy (P=.038) and disease knowledge (P=.03) positively moderated the relationship between social media use frequency and preventive behaviors, while eHealth literacy (β=.07) affected this relationship positively and disease knowledge (β=–.07) affected it negatively. Different social media types differed in predicting an individual’s preventive behaviors for COVID-19. Aggregated social media (β=.22, P<.001) was the best predictor, followed by public social media (β=.14, P<.001) and professional social media (β=.11, P=.002). However, official social media (β=.02, P=.597) was an insignificant predictor. Conclusions Social media is an effective tool to promote behaviors to prevent COVID-19 among the public. Health literacy is essential for promotion of individual health and influences the extent to which the public engages in preventive behaviors during a pandemic. Our results not only enrich the theoretical paradigm of public health management and health communication but also have practical implications in pandemic control for China and other countries.

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Li, Jing. "Course Certificate Integration Based on Wireless Communication ‘ 1 + X ’ Intelligent Finance and Taxation". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (8.04.2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2174082.

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Due to the ever-changing market environment and fierce competition, tax personnel are increasingly pursuing intelligence. Based on the background of smart finance and taxation, this article explains the issues related to the “ 1 + X ” certificate and analyzes the development ideas and reform directions of the teaching plan and certificate integration teaching mode. This paper presents a study on the integration of academic certificates under the background of “ 1 + X ” intelligent finance and taxation wireless communication. From 2018 to 2019, the development trend of smart finance and taxation has been rising. In 2018, the lowest was 11%, and the highest was 25%; in 2019, the lowest was 16%, and the highest was 37%. The lowest growth rate in 2019 was 5%, and the highest was 21%; the results show that although many relevant personnel understand smart finance and taxation, they have not planned how to use smart finance and taxation to improve their professional capabilities. The results show that smart fiscal and taxation is becoming more and more important in social development and has been widely used. However, traditional fiscal and taxation teaching can no longer meet the requirements of today’s society for fiscal and taxation personnel, so related fiscal and taxation teaching should be innovated.

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Raza, Mohsin, Hoa Le-Minh, Nauman Aslam i Sajjad Hussain. "Deterministic Scheduling for Energy Efficient and Reliable Communication in Heterogeneous Sensing Environments in Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks". EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 3, nr 11 (11.07.2017): 152764. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-7-2017.152764.

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Chen, Xu, Zhe Du, Xiang Gen Yin, Wei Pan i Li Qiang Xu. "A Design of WSN and EPON Applied in Online Monitoring for Transmission Line". Advanced Materials Research 950 (czerwiec 2014): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.950.125.

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Natural disasters like icing have a strong impact on the power transmission line which is the foundation of safety and stability operation for power system. In this paper, an online transmission line monitoring and patrol system based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Ethernet Passive Network (EPON) is firstly designed and a model is built to analyze the latency influenced by the number of towers using EPON communication technology which is solved by Lingo 11.

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YU, Cui-ping, Yuan-an LIU, Tian-jiao DU i Shu-lan LI. "New predistorter using triangular memory polynomial for power amplifier of OFDM-based wireless broadband communication system". Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 19, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(11)60244-6.

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Kumar, Dinesh, Kalaipriyan T i Raghav R.S. "A STUDY OF RESEARCH NOTIONS IN WIRELESS BODY SENSOR NETWORK (WBSN)". IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 01, nr 02 (2.06.2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2019.2.001.

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The Body Sensor Networks is captivated in gathering the communication module in a more reliable manner along with efficiency in terms of energy, more secure than earlier schema’s, ands enhanced utilization of resources. Wireless BAN (WBAN) has the tendency to be placed even inside the human body. The significance of BSN has the tendency to go through all aspects such as fitness of a person, his/her health issues, caring in critical level, and so on. In 2014 [1] the elevation of body sensors has been grown upto 420 millions from 11 million units in 2009. In this research work, we addressed BAN from On-Body to Body-to-Body cooperative networks at different levels: propagation, protocols and localization applications.

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Lee, Doohwan, Hirofumi Sasaki, Hiroyuki Fukumoto, Yasunori Yagi i Takashi Shimizu. "An Evaluation of Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing Technology". Applied Sciences 9, nr 9 (26.04.2019): 1729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091729.

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This paper reports our investigation of wireless communication performance obtained using orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing, from theoretical evaluation to experimental study. First, we show how we performed a basic theoretical study on wireless OAM multiplexing performance regarding modulation, demodulation, multiplexing, and demultiplexing. This provided a clear picture of the effects of mode attenuation and gave us insight into the potential and limitations of OAM wireless communications. Then, we expanded our study to experimental evaluation of a dielectric lens and end-to-end wireless transmission on 28 gigahertz frequency bands. To overcome the beam divergence of OAM multiplexing, we propose a combination of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and OAM technology, named OAM-MIMO multiplexing. We achieved 45 Gbps (gigabits per second) throughput using OAM multiplexing with five OAM modes. We also experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed OAM-MIMO multiplexing using a total of 11 OAM modes. Experimental OAM-MIMO multiplexing results reached a new milestone for point-to-point transmission rates when 100 Gbps was achieved at a 10-m transmission distance.

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Jassim, Ali Khalid, i Raad H. Thaher. "Enhancement gain of broadband elliptical microstrip patch array antenna with mutual coupling for wireless communication". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp217-225.

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The paper is presented analysis, design and manufacturing single optimize parameters of a new broadband elliptical patch antenna with microstrip center feed line and the array has been implemented to improve gain antenna. The antenna array dimension of mm3 and fabricated on an FR-4 epoxy substrate having relative dielectric constant =4.3, loss tangent tan (δ) =0.002 and the feed line used has characteristic impedance of 50Ω and added the triangle notch structure .Thus notch can achieve maximal additional enhancement impedance bandwidth are (3.679- 6.578) GHz, (13.84-25.142) GHz, (29.807-37.618) GHz and the gain 8dBi. The antenna array performance was modified by inserting stubs transition in feeding Microstrip line to reducing mutual coupling achieve impedance bandwidth (when S11-10dB). The modified antenna was designed to be used for wireless communication application. The simulation results are obtained using CST software.

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Li, Yu, Juan Cui, Gang Li, Lu Liu, Yongqiu Zheng, Junbin Zang i Chenyang Xue. "An Optimal Design Method for Improving the Efficiency of Ultrasonic Wireless Power Transmission during Communication". Sensors 22, nr 3 (18.01.2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22030727.

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Due to the excellent directivity, strong penetrability, and no electromagnetic shielding effect, ultrasonic waves have good potential for wireless energy transmission and information transfer inside and outside of sealed metal devices. However, traditional ultrasonic based energy transmission methods usually result in considerable energy consumption because of the impedance mismatch during the impedance modulation of the communication. This paper presents an optimal design method for efficient energy transfer during ultrasonic communication. The channel equivalent circuit model is established by only using the acoustic-electric channel scattering parameters. According to the equivalent circuit model, the channel impedance matches with a weak mismatch state is performed during the communication. In this way, the impedance modulation effect is ensured with a lower decrease in the energy transmission efficiency. Finally, the simultaneous energy transmission and impedance modulation are carried out through the 11 mm thick 304 stainless steel plate. The transmission power is 37.86 W with a transmission efficiency of 45.75%, and the modulation rate is 10 Kbps. Compared with the traditional methods, our proposed energy transmission efficiency is increased by 17.62%. The results verify the proposed method’s effectiveness and the high accuracy of the model. The proposed method has great engineering applications and broad prospects in condition monitoring of metallic environments.

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Syaifudin, Syaifudin, Triana Rahmawati, Siti Rohmatul Jannah, Sandeep Kumar Gupta i Ram Gopal. "Analysis of Drop Sensor Accuracy in Central Infusion Peristaltic Monitoring Based on Computer Using Wireless Communication HC-11". Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics 4, nr 2 (28.05.2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v4i2.2.

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In some hospitals, the infusion is still done manually, where medical personnel observe the liquid droplets directly and then control the rate using a mechanical resistor (clamp). This method is certainly far from accurate. An infusion pump is a medical aid that functions to control and ensure the correct dose of infusion fluid given to patients treated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the infrared photodiode as a drop sensor based on the readings of the infusion pump monitoring system. This module consists of a photodiode infrared drop sensor module, a comparator circuit, a monostable circuit, a stepper motor, an L298N motor driver, and an ATmega328 microcontroller. The droplets were detected by an infrared photodiode sensor, then compared with a comparator and monostable circuit as an oscillator developer, and then the flow rate and residual volume readings were generated by the ATmega328 microcontroller. Next, this data has sent to the computer via the HC-11 wireless. The results of the flowrate module measurement show the highest error value of 3% at the 30 ml/hour setting and the lowest error value of 2.5% at the 60 ml/hour setting. Meanwhile, the results of the flow rate measurement using an infusion device analyzer obtained the highest error value of 4% at the setting of 30 ml/hour and 60 ml/hour, and the lowest error value of 0.8% at the setting of 100 ml/hour. Monitoring the infusion pump was designed centrally to facilitate the nurse's task in monitoring the infusion dose given to the patient accurately. Based on this research, the accuracy of the infrared sensor and photodiode is very good by looking at the existing error rate.

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Mukhametdinova, S. G., A. I. Korshunov i A. S. Трефилов. "Using wireless high-speed communication channels to solve automation problems at the fields of Udmurtneft JSC". Neftyanoe khozyaystvo - Oil Industry, nr 11 (2020): 120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2020-11-120-122.

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Mukhametdinova, S. G., A. I. Korshunov i A. S. Trefilov. "Using wireless high-speed communication channels to solve automation problems at the fields of Udmurtneft JSC". Neftyanoe khozyaystvo - Oil Industry, nr 11 (2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2020-11-82-87.

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Gavrishev, A. A., i D. L. Osipov. "BUILDING A QUALITY ASSESSMENT CRITERION BINARY BARKER-LIKE CODES". T-Comm 16, nr 12 (2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-12-11-16.

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The objective of this article is to construct a criterion for evaluating the quality of binary Barker-like codes. The analysis of well-known studies on the formation of these codes with properties close to binary Barker codes is carried out. The analysis showed that in the works devoted to the use of well-known binary Barker-like codes in secure wireless communication systems and the formation of such codes, researchers primarily pay attention to such quality assessment indicators as the autocorrelation function, the length and number of such codes, and others. Based on the analysis of works [5, 9-25], the initial tuple of quality assessment of binary Barker-like codes is formulated, represented by the expression (1). However, the original tuple (1) lacks such an important quality assessment indicator as the linear complexity assessment, which is often taken as one of the primary indicators of crypto resistance. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to increase the accuracy of the evaluation of binary Barker-like codes by applying the identified criterion. The authors of the article, using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, evaluated the linear complexity of binary Barker-like codes presented in [9-23]. It has been established that a sufficiently large number of such codes (from 24% to 75%) have insufficient linear complexity, that is, they are non-cryptographic. As a result, they cannot be used in secure wireless communication systems. The result obtained is consistent with other studies in this field. Proceeding from this, when using well-known binary Barker-like codes in secure wireless communication systems, as well as when forming new binary Barker-like codes, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the known quality assessment indicators, but also to their linear complexity. The authors have modified the original tuple represented by expression (1). The modified tuple is represented by expression (2). According to the authors, the modified quality assessment criterion will improve the accuracy of the evaluation of binary Barker-like codes.

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Park, Sion, i Sangkil Kim. "A Coupled-Fed Broadband Dual-Polarized Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna for WLAN and Sub-6 GHz 5G Communication Applications". Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, nr 1 (31.01.2023): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.1.l.11.

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This paper presents a novel coupled-fed broadband dual-polarized magnetoelectric dipole antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) and 5G communication applications. The proposed magnetoelectric dipole antenna is composed of a planar electric dipole and shorting pins as a magnetic dipole to obtain a broad operation frequency band. Two coupled microstrip lines perpendicular to each other are coupled through a cross-shaped slot to excite the vertical and horizontal polarizations. The proposed antenna features a simple structure, high gain, and high polarization isolation. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.8–4.2 GHz (fractional bandwidth of 80%). The measured realized antenna gain value is 3.7–8.5 dBi, and polarization isolation level is 25 dB at the operation frequency band.

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Vugar, Vugar. "Performance Analysis of LEACH, SEP and Z-SEP Protocols in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network". Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science 2, nr 4 (31.12.2023): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/wjcms.217.

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Wireless sensor networks use thousands of sensors to monitor the physical environment. This sensor node consumes a limited amount of energy since it is battery-powered. Researchers regularly develop energy-efficient routing protocols to extend the lifetime of WSNs. The threshold-based cluster head (CH) selection techniques used by hierarchical routing protocols have been shown to extend network lifetime in many studies. Through the implementation of several routing protocols, sensor networks can be made to last longer and consume less energy. Z-SEP introduces a new heterogeneous routing protocol using a hybrid communication mechanism. Others use clustering mechanisms, while others use the base station directly. Energy efficiency and stability are improved by 11% and 19%, respectively, over Z-SEP

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Bai, Yun, Song Bo Ji i Yuan Xue. "A Comparative Study of AODV and DSDV Routing Protocol of the Vehicle Ad Hoc Network Based on NS2". Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (luty 2013): 1968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1968.

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This document analyzes the wireless ad hoc networks used in vehicle communication. Using the NS2 software, the typical ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) and destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) routing protocol are simulated respectively with 25 mobile nodes and 11 mobile nodes. By reasoning on the simulation data, many performance indicators including the routing protocol throughput, jitter, packet loss rate and end-to-end delay performance are compared and analyzed. Final we have come to an important conclusion that AODV is better than DSDV protocol on a number of performance indicators.

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Jung, Myung Hee, i Eui Jung Yun. "Development of High-Performance Ultra-Small Size RF Chip Inductors for Wireless Communication System Application". Key Engineering Materials 277-279 (styczeń 2005): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.177.

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This work investigates ultra-small size, high-performance, solenoid-type RF chip inductors for wireless communication system application. The materials (96wt% Al2O3) and shape (I-type) of the core, the diameter (40 µm) of the coil, and the length (0.35 mm) of solenoid were determined by a Maxwell three-dimensional (3D) field simulator to maximize the performance of the inductors. The dimensions of the RF chip inductors fabricated were 1.0 mm×0.5 mm×0.5 mm and copper (Cu) coils were used. The high-frequency characteristics of the inductance (L) and quality factor (Q) of the developed inductors were measured using a RF impedance/material analyzer (E4991A with an E16197A test fixture). The developed inductors with 6 coil turns exhibit an inductance of 11 to 11.3 nH, have a quality factor of 22.3 to 65.7 over the frequency ranges of 250 MHz to 1.7 GHz, and show results comparable to those measured for the inductors prepared recently by CoilcraftTm. The simulated data predicted the high-frequency data of the L and Q of the inductors developed well. It was suggested from the equivalent circuit model of the developed inductors that the developed inductors with 6 turns have a self-resonant frequency of 8 GHz.

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Choi, Yosoon, i Yeanjae Kim. "Applications of Smart Helmet in Applied Sciences: A Systematic Review". Applied Sciences 11, nr 11 (29.05.2021): 5039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115039.

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A smart helmet is a wearable device that has attracted attention in various fields, especially in applied sciences, where extensive studies have been conducted in the past decade. In this study, the current status and trends of smart helmet research were systematically reviewed. Five research questions were set to investigate the research status of smart helmets according to the year and application field, as well as the trend of smart helmet development in terms of types of sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication technology. A total of 103 academic research articles published in the past 11 years (2009–2020) were analyzed to address the research questions. The results showed that the number of smart helmet applications reported in literature has been increasing rapidly since 2018. The applications have focused mostly on ensuring the safety of motorcyclists. A single-board-based modular concept unit, such as the Arduino board, and sensor for monitoring human health have been used the most for developing smart helmets. Approximately 85% of smart helmets have been developed to date using wireless communication technology to transmit data obtained from smart helmets to other smart devices or cloud servers.

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Luo, Heng, Minjie Zhu, Sengang Ye, Hanping Hou, Yong Chen i Larissa Bulysheva. "An intelligent tracking system based on internet of things for the cold chain". Internet Research 26, nr 2 (4.04.2016): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2014-0294.

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Purpose – Monitoring the real-time temperature, humidity, and physical position status of goods is vital in the cold chain. Diverse logistics technologies and systems have been adopted in the cold chain for monitoring perishable goods. However, these technologies and systems are independent from each other. Data and information in them are not integrated so that information control is not effective. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – By integrating Internet of Things and tracking technologies, this paper proposes an intelligent tracking system, which is designed to achieve effective and fast live monitoring of goods in the cold chain at the lowest cost and with the largest network capacity and simplest protocols. Findings – Structure and information platform design mechanism are introduced. The key part of this system is a wireless sensor network built on Zigbee. Wireless sensors located in cold storages or refrigerated trucks are able to collect and transmit live data quickly and efficiently. Originality/value – Users of the proposed system can easily monitor goods transported in cold chains. In addition, the system assigns specific servers to save historical data for inquiries.

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Karthikeyan, M., R. Sitharthan, Tanweer Ali, Sameena Pathan, Jaume Anguera i D. Shanmuga Sundar. "Stacked T-Shaped Strips Compact Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications". Wireless Personal Communications 123, nr 2 (29.10.2021): 1523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09198-1.

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AbstractA compact triple band antenna with stacked T-shaped strips inside a rectangular ring monopole has been proposed. This novel structure with a slot in the defected ground achieves triple band opration i.e. 2.47–2.77 GHz, 3.3–3.7 GHz and 5.10–6.62 GHz. These bands find application in important wireless communication standards like WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz, and 5.25–5.85 GHz, WLAN (2.4 G-2.5 GHz, 5.1–5.3 GHz, and 5.72–5.85 GHz). The antenna is printed on a FR-4 substrate with an overall dimension of $$33 \times 17 \times 1.6 \;{\text{mm}}^{3}$$ 33 × 17 × 1.6 mm 3 . An impedance bandwidth of 11% (2.47–2.77 GHz), 11% (3.3–3.7 GHz) and 25% (5.10–6.62 GHz) is obtained. A good conjunction between the simulated and measured results is inferred from the antenna design analysis.

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