Artykuły w czasopismach: „801/.95”

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van Lookeren Campagne, Menno, Jeroen B. Verheul, Klaas Nicolay i Robert Balázs. "Early Evolution and Recovery from Excitotoxic Injury in the Neonatal Rat Brain: A Study Combining Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Electrical Impedance, and Histology". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 14, nr 6 (listopad 1994): 1011–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1994.133.

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We explored the therapeutic potentials of two N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in vivo using different techniques. NMDA injected into the striatum of neonatal rats (20 nmol/0.5 μl) induced a rapid increase in the diffusion-weighted (DW) image intensity, spreading over a large part of the ipsilateral hemisphere. Subcutaneous injection of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (1 mg/kg) or d-( E)-4-(3-phosphono-2-prop-enyl)-2-piperazine-carboxylic acid (D-CPPene; 1.5 mg/kg) reversed both the volume and the grading of the NMDA-induced hyperintensity of DW images, the reversal by MK-801 being more rapid than that by D-CPPene. In the cerebral cortex, there was an inverse relationship between changes in DW image intensity and the size of the extracellular space, assessed by electrical impedance measurements. The reduction of the hyperintense volume in DW images 1 or 2 h after MK-801 or D-CPPene treatment of NMDA-injected animals depended on the type of antagonist used and on the interval between intrastriatal NMDA injection and antagonist treatment. The reduction was 95% when MK-801 was given with a delay of 90 min and decreased to 20% when it was given at 360 min. With D-CPPene, the reduction was 80% after a delay of 30 min and virtually absent when it was administered at 360 min. Quantitative analysis showed significant correlations between the residual hyperintense volume 1 or 2 h after MK-801 or D-CPPene treatment and the final lesion volume, assessed from either T2-weighted images ( R = 0.89, p < 0.001) or histology ( R = 0.80, p < 0.001) 5 days after the insult. This study illustrates the sensitivity of DW magnetic resonance imaging to monitor in vivo early events after an excitotoxic insult and the effect of putative protective drugs that may counteract the resulting damage.

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Jiang, Honglin, Jialin Guo, Jing Li, Chunlin Li, Wenchong Du, Federico Canavese, Charlie Baker, Hao Ying i Jing Hua. "Artificial Neural Network Modeling to Predict Neonatal Metabolic Bone Disease in the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 1 (23.01.2023): e2251849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51849.

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ImportanceEarly recognition of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in infants is necessary but difficult; an appropriate tool to screen infants at risk of developing MBD is needed.ObjectivesTo develop a predictive model for neonates at risk for MBD in the prenatal and postnatal periods and detect the pivotal exposed factors in each period.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA diagnostic study was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, in Shanghai, China. A total of 10 801 pregnant women (singleton pregnancy, followed up until 1 month after parturition) and their infants (n = 10 801) were included. An artificial neural network (ANN) framework was used to build 5 predictive models with different exposures from prenatal to postnatal periods. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model performance. The importance of each feature was examined and ranked.ResultsOf the 10 801 Chinese women who participated in the study (mean [SD] age, 29.7 [3.9] years), 7104 (65.8%) were local residents, 1001 (9.3%) had uterine scarring, and 138 (1.3%) gave birth to an infant with MBD. Among the 5 ANN models, model 1 (significant prenatal and postnatal factors) showed the highest AUC of 0.981 (95% CI, 0.970-0.992), followed by model 5 (postnatal factors; AUC, 0.977; 95% CI, 0.966-0.988), model 4 (all prenatal factors; AUC, 0.850; 95% CI, 0.785-0.915), model 3 (gestational complications or comorbidities and medication use; AUC, 0.808; 95% CI, 0.726-0.891), and model 2 (maternal nutritional conditions; AUC, 0.647; 95% CI, 0.571-0.723). Birth weight, maternal age at pregnancy, and neonatal disorders (anemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and septicemia) were the most important model 1 characteristics for predicting infants at risk of MBD; among these characteristics, extremely low birth weight (importance, 50.5%) was the most powerful factor. The use of magnesium sulfate during pregnancy (model 4: importance, 21.2%) was the most significant predictor of MBD risk in the prenatal period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, ANN appeared to be a simple and efficient tool for identifying neonates at risk for MBD. Combining prenatal and postnatal factors or using postnatal exposures alone provided the most precise prediction. Extremely low birth weight was the most significant predictive factor, whereas magnesium sulfate use during pregnancy could be an important bellwether for MBD before delivery.

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Hitchcock, Ian S., Timothy M. Skerry, Martin R. Howard i Paul G. Genever. "NMDA receptor–mediated regulation of human megakaryocytopoiesis". Blood 102, nr 4 (15.08.2003): 1254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-11-3553.

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Abstract Identification of the regulatory inputs that direct megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of thrombosis and related hematologic disorders. We have previously shown that primary human megakaryocytes express the N-methyl-d-aspartate acid (NMDA) receptor 1 (NR1) subunit of NMDA-type glutamate receptors, which appear to be pharmacologically similar to those identified at neuronal synapses, responsible for mediating excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. However, the functional role of NMDA receptor signaling in megakaryocytopoiesis remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that demonstrates the fundamental importance of this signaling pathway during human megakaryocyte maturation in vitro. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of RNA extracted from CD34+-derived megakaryocytes identified expression of NR2A and NR2D receptor subunits in these cells, as well as the NMDA receptor accessory proteins, Yotiao and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95). In functional studies, addition of a selective NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801 inhibited proplatelet formation, without affecting proliferation or apoptosis. Exposure of CD34+ cells to MK-801 cultured for 14 days in the presence of thrombopoietin induced a decrease in expression of the megakaryocyte cell surface markers CD61, CD41a, and CD42a compared with controls. At an ultrastructural level, MK-801–treated cells lacked α-granules, demarcated membranes, and multilobed nuclei, which were prominent in untreated mature megakaryocyte controls. Using immunohistochemistry on sections of whole tibiae from c-Mpl knockout mice we demonstrated that megakaryocytic NMDA receptor expression was maintained following c-Mpl ablation. These data support a fundamental role for glutamate signaling in megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production, which is likely to be independent of thrombopoietin-mediated effects.

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Яснецов, Вик В., Т. А. Воронина, С. Я. Скачилова i Владимир Викторович Яснецов. "Эффекты эмопага на переживающих срезах гиппокампа крыс". Экспериментальная и клиническая фармакология 82, nr 8 (22.09.2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/0869-2092-2019-82-8-37-40.

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На переживающих срезах гиппокампа крыс эмопаг и мексидол в концентрации 4 мМ подавляли ортодромные популяционные ответы в поле СA1 на 58 ± 4 % и 43 ± 3 % соответственно. Специфический неконкурентный антагонист NMDA-рецепторного комплекса МК-801 ослаблял угнетающее действие эмопага на 38 ± 4 %, а мексидола — на 73 ± 6 %, действуя в отношении первого в 1,9 раза менее выраженно. Специфический блокатор глутаматных AMPA-рецепторов CNQX практически полностью блокировал депрессирующий эффект эмопага либо ослаблял его на 54 ± 5 %, действуя по крайней мере в 1,4 раза более выраженно, чем МК-801. В пирамидных нейронах поля СA1 гиппокампа крысят эмопаг (2 мМ) угнетал возбуждающий постсинаптический ток, вызванный раздражением коллатералей Шаффера, на 92 ± 3 %, а на фоне действия специфического блокатора глутаматных AMPA-рецепторов NBQX его депрессирующий эффект практически полностью ослаблялся на 95 ± 4 %. Следовательно, можно предполагать, что гиппокамп играет существенную роль в реализации центрального действия эмопага. При этом его эффект реализуется через активацию AMPA-рецепторов.

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Olén, Ola, Johan Askling, Michael C. Sachs, Martin Neovius, Karin E. Smedby, Anders Ekbom i Jonas F. Ludvigsson. "Mortality in adult-onset and elderly-onset IBD: a nationwide register-based cohort study 1964–2014". Gut 69, nr 3 (15.05.2019): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317572.

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ObjectivesTo examine all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adult-onset and elderly-onset IBD and to describe time trends in mortality over the past 50 years.DesignSwedish nationwide register-based cohort study 1964–2014, comparing mortality in 82 718 incident IBD cases (inpatient and non-primary outpatient care) with 10 times as many matched general population reference individuals (n=801 180) using multivariable Cox regression to estimate HRs. Among patients with IBD, the number of participants with elderly-onset (≥60 years) IBD was 17 873.ResultsDuring 984 330 person-years of follow-up, 15 698/82 718 (19%) of all patients with IBD died (15.9/1000 person-years) compared with 121 095/801 180 (15.1%) of reference individuals, corresponding to an HR of 1.5 for IBD (95% CI=1.5 to 1.5 (HR=1.5; 95% CI=1.5 to 1.5 in elderly-onset IBD)) or one extra death each year per 263 patients. Mortality was increased specifically for UC (HR=1.4; 95% CI=1.4 to 1.5), Crohn’s disease (HR=1.6; 95% CI=1.6 to 1.7) and IBD-unclasssified (HR=1.6; 95% CI=1.5 to 1.8). IBD was linked to increased rates of multiple causes of death, including cardiovascular disease (HR=1.3; 1.3 to 1.3), malignancy (HR=1.4; 1.4 to 1.5) and digestive disease (HR=5.2; 95% CI=4.9 to 5.5). Relative mortality during the first 5 years of follow-up decreased significantly over time. Incident cases of 2002–2014 had 2.3 years shorter mean estimated life span than matched comparators.ConclusionsAdult-onset and elderly-onset patients with UC, Crohn’s disease and IBD-unclassified were all at increased risk of death. The increased mortality remained also after the introduction of biological therapies but has decreased over time.

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Fu, Ying, Yan Sun, Qianqian Pei, Xiaobo Han, Wen Qin, Fang Mei, Shi Tan i Ligang Cui. "Factors Influencing the Sample Adequacy of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration from Solid Thyroid Nodules for Liquid-Based Cytology: A Demographic, Sonographic, and Technical Perspective". Medicina 58, nr 11 (13.11.2022): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58111639.

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Background and Objectives: To identify factors that influence the sample adequacy of solid thyroid nodules based on ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with subsequent liquid-based cytology. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 855 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNA at our hospital between July 2019 and July 2020. The final analysis included 801 solid thyroid nodules in 801 patients. After reviewing the demographic data, ultrasonic features, and FNA technique-related factors, we defined 14 potential variables. For cytological results, the Bethesda categories II–VI were defined as adequate sample results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that influenced sample adequacy. Results: The adequate sample rate was 87.1%. The univariate analysis showed that four factors were related to adequate sampling in patients with thyroid FNA. These factors included age (p < 0.001), nodule orientation (p = 0.0232), calcification (p = 0.0034), and operator experience (p = 0.0286). After the multivariate analysis, five independent factors were identified to improve the diagnostic results of FNA for solid thyroid nodules: (1) the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.810; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.076–3.045; p = 0.0254), (2) a taller-than-wide orientation (OR = 2.038; 95% CI: 1.260–3.296; p = 0.0037), (3) the presence of calcification (OR = 1.767; 95% CI: 1.115–2.799; p = 0.0153), (4) four needle passes to obtain material (OR = 1.750; 95% CI: 1.094–2.799; p = 0.0196), and (5) an experienced operator (OR = 0.561; 95% CI: 0.319–0.987; p = 0.0451). Conclusions: A taller-than-wide orientation, the presence of calcification, and the presence of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were found to affect the sample adequacy of ultrasound-guided FNA with liquid-based cytology. The sample adequacy could be improved when FNA is performed with four needle passes by experienced doctors.

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Allpas-Gómez, Henry Lowell, Jarvis Raraz-Vidal i Omar Raraz-Vidal. "Factores asociados al bajo peso al nacer en un hospital de Huánuco". ACTA MEDICA PERUANA 31, nr 2 (29.06.2014): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35663/amp.2014.312.200.

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Introducción. El bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es un importante indicador de salud fetal, neonatal y de las condiciones de la gestación. Objetivo: identificar factores asociados al BPN en el Hospital Carlos Showing Ferrari de Huánuco, Perú. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se realizó en el servicio de Ginecoobstetricia del Hospital Carlos Showing Ferrari de Huánuco. Participantes. Madre e hijos atendidos en el servicio de Gineco-obstetricia. Intervenciones. Según los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se obtuvo, 801 madreshijos registrados en el Sistema Informático Perinatal (SIP) del 2011. Se utilizó un instrumento de recolección validado, se obtuvo información del SIP e historias clínicas, durante 6 meses. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo; para el análisis inferencial se usó la prueba ji cuadrado con una significancia del 95 %. Se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS y Microsoft Excel. Resultados. De los 801 nacidos, el peso promedio fue 3 217,8 (+ 446,1) gramos y una p revalencia de BPN de 6,2 %. Los factores asociados que resultaron estadísticamente significativos fueron: la primiparidad con p = 0,013(IC-95%: 1,16-3,81); número de controles prenatales (menor de cuatro) con p < 0,05 (IC95%: 2,63-8,74) y parto pretérmino con p < 0,05 (IC95%: 0,01-0,25). Conclusión. La prevalencia del bajo peso al nacer en el Hospital Carlos Showing Ferrari de Huánuco fue 6,2 %. La primiparidad, el inadecuado control prenatal y el parto pretérmino fueron los factores asociados.

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Li, Ji-Tao, Yu Feng, Yun-Ai Su, Xiao-Dong Wang i Tian-Mei Si. "Enhanced interaction among ErbB4, PSD-95 and NMDAR by chronic MK-801 treatment is associated with behavioral abnormalities". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 108 (lipiec 2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2013.04.008.

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Zangue, Camille Teitsa, Justin Kouamo, Ferdinand Ngoula, Ludovic Pépin M’bapté Tawali, Mathias Mba Talla, Lionnel Yvan Kantchouet Mbeba, Claude Landry Makuetamang Doumtsop i Bernard Viban Tangwa. "Seroprevalence and Risks Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection in Slaughterhouse Zebu Cattle (Bos indicus) from Northern Regions of Cameroon". Epidemiologia 3, nr 4 (6.10.2022): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/epidemiologia3040033.

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A study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risks factors of Coxiella burnetii in zebu cattle from the northern regions of Cameroon. From a total of 2016 (1754 females and 262 males) sera sampled, 801, 762 and 453 were collected, respectively, from Adamawa, North and Far North, and screened for Coxiella burnetii using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). A total of 23.76% (479/2016) were serologically positive. The seroprevalence of Adamawa, North and Far North were 29.09% (233/801), 19.95% (152/762) and 20.75% (94/453); respectively. The seropositivity of male and female were 4.58% and 26.62%; respectively. Cattle from Adamawa region were more likely to have been exposed to C. burnetii than animals from Far North region (OR = 3.28; 95%CI: 1.13–7.85; p = 0.02). The Gudali breed was significantly more infected than Aku (OR =2.52; 95%CI: 1.06–5.99; p = 0.03), and animals aged of (6–9) years were 1.89 times more likely to have been infected to C. burnetii than young animals (p = 0.03). The seropositivity to this bacterium was significantly associated to pregnant cattle than non-pregnant (OR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.01–2.90; p = 0.04). Female cattle were more likely to have been infected by C. burnetii than male and the rainy season were 1.66 more associated to this disease than dry season. The linear regression model indicated that C. burnetii seropositivity were positively correlated to the regions (0.09, CI: 0.04; 0.18; p = 0.007), age (0.01, CI: −0.01; 0.04; p = 0.02), sex (0.19, CI: 0.08–0.32, p = 0.001) and physiological status (0.11, CI: −0.04; 0.26; p = 0.006). This study revealed that C. burnetii infection is widespread among zebu cattle of Adamawa, North and Far North of Cameroon.

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Richards, Kaitlyn, Ankit Kadakia, Charles C. Wykoff, James C. Major, Tien P. Wong, Eric Chen, Amy C. Schefler i in. "MANAGEMENT OF LARGE FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES". Retina 44, nr 7 (lipiec 2024): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000004099.

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Background/Purpose: To determine and compare the efficacy of a surgical internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique with the traditional ILM peel on long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for large (>400 µm) full-thickness macular holes. Methods: From October 2016 to July 2022, patients undergoing initial full-thickness macular hole repair with the ILM flap or ILM peel technique were reviewed. Final outcomes were recorded and based on size in microns: 401 to 800, 801 to 1,200, and >1,200. Results: Patients treated with ILM flap (n = 52, 94.2% closure rate) or ILM peel (n = 407, 93.6% closure rate) were followed with a mean follow-up time of 15.0 ± 10.2 and 20.0 ± 13.4 months, respectively. Success rates for ILM flaps and ILM peels were compared for full-thickness macular holes of 401 to 800 (100%, 95.8%, P = 0.39), 801 to 1,200 (95%, 93%, P = 0.74), and >1,200 (86.7%, 86.7%, P = 1.0) µm. Mean best-recorded logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity for ILM flaps and ILM peels, respectively, was 1.02 ± 0.46 and 0.87 ± 0.47 preoperatively, with follow-up acuity of 0.48 ± 0.32 (P < 0.03) and 0.39 ± 0.42 (P < 0.01) at Year 3. Conclusion: Both techniques provide a similar anatomical closure rate and functional improvement in vision. Comparisons should be cautiously made based on difference in preoperative hole size.

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Bazarbashi, Shouki, Ayman Omar, Ali Husain Aljubran i Ahmed M. Alzahrani. "Response rate and survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer from right-sided versus left-sided tumors, treated with first-line triplet chemotherapy with bevacizumab." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2017): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.4_suppl.801.

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801 Background: Recent data have shown that right sided colonic cancer represent a molecularly different class of tumors from the left sided ones with worse survival in patients treated with doublets systemic chemotherapy. We report the result of response and survival on patients treated with triplet chemotherapy according to the primary tumor location. Methods: Medical records of patients treated with triplet chemotherapy (capecitabine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) in combination with bevacizumab on a prospective clinical trial (clinicaltrial.gov: NCT01311050), were retrospectively reviewed for the location of primary tumor. Right sided tumors: from cecum to hepatic flexure. Left sided tumors: from splenic flexure to and including the rectum. Transverse colon were excluded. Patients who had multiple primaries were considered right sided if at least one of them was right sided. Results: Fifty-three patients treated with above triplet therapy. Eleven were right sided and 42 were left sided. Characteristics for right vs left sided tumors were as follow: Median age: 46 (range 24-55 years) vs 53 ( 32-74 years), male: 5 (46%) vs 23 (55%), performance status 0-1: 9 (82%) vs 37 (88%), KRAS wild: 3 (27) vs 12 (29%), single metastatic site: 5 (46%) vs 14 (33%) and Prior adjuvant chemotherapy: none vs 6 (14%). Response rate (complete and partial) were 6 (54%) in right sided tumors and 24(57%) in left sided tumors. Progression free and overall survival for right sided tumors was 22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.3-31.7) and 22 months (95% CI 16.6-27.4) and for left sided tumors were 12 (95% CI 3.5-20.5) and 28 months (95% CI 22.7-33.2) respectively. Conclusions: First-line triplet chemotherapy with bevacizumab may overcome the poor prognosis of metastatic right sided colonic cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT01311050.

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Bako, I. A., J. O. Anyanti i A. Roca-Feltrer. "Correlates of HIV Risky Sexual Behaviours in an Era of Antiretroviral Therapy Scale‐Up: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Adult General Population in Nasarawa State, Nigeria". Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, nr 1 (4.04.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.101.

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Analyses of HIV incidence in Nasarawa State Nigeria estimate that most of the new HIV infections occur among persons who reported low HIV risk including couples. The study was aimed at identifying the factors that predict risky sexual behavior among the general population in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Data analysis was carried on a total of 801 respondents sampled from the general population of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The original sample was obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling technique using probability proportionate to size. The primary outcome variable was risky sexual behavior. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the outcome and selected Sociodemographic and other independent variables. Females were 54.2% of the total sampled population analysed, the mean age of the respondents was 29.8 years (SD: 10.3). About two-third of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behaviours (65.9%) but only 4.7% considered themselves to be at high risk of HIV. The multivariable regression analysis showed that factors associated with risky sexual behaviour included : been male sex [OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.436-0.915], married [OR: 0.26: 95% CI: 0.163 - 0.419], rural resident [OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.775 to 1.871 ], age 20-24 [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.113 - 3.360] and 25-29 years [OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.267-1.308]; and knowledge of HIV [OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.056-2.108].There is a need to urgently intensify media campaigns, community-based interventions including one on one communications to reduce risky sexual behaviours.

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Bako, I. A., J. O. Anyanti i A. Roca-Feltrer. "Correlates of HIV Risky Sexual Behaviours in an Era of Antiretroviral Therapy Scale‐Up: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Adult General Population in Nasarawa State, Nigeria". Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, nr 1 (4.04.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp.v2.i1.2019.101.

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Analyses of HIV incidence in Nasarawa State Nigeria estimate that most of the new HIV infections occur among persons who reported low HIV risk including couples. The study was aimed at identifying the factors that predict risky sexual behavior among the general population in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Data analysis was carried on a total of 801 respondents sampled from the general population of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The original sample was obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling technique using probability proportionate to size. The primary outcome variable was risky sexual behavior. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the outcome and selected Sociodemographic and other independent variables. Females were 54.2% of the total sampled population analysed, the mean age of the respondents was 29.8 years (SD: 10.3). About two-third of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behaviours (65.9%) but only 4.7% considered themselves to be at high risk of HIV. The multivariable regression analysis showed that factors associated with risky sexual behaviour included : been male sex [OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.436-0.915], married [OR: 0.26: 95% CI: 0.163 - 0.419], rural resident [OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.775 to 1.871 ], age 20-24 [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.113 - 3.360] and 25-29 years [OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.267-1.308]; and knowledge of HIV [OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.056-2.108].There is a need to urgently intensify media campaigns, community-based interventions including one on one communications to reduce risky sexual behaviours.

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Bako, I. A., J. O. Anyanti i A. Roca-Feltrer. "Correlates of HIV Risky Sexual Behaviours in an Era of Antiretroviral Therapy Scale‐Up: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Adult General Population in Nasarawa State, Nigeria". Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice 2, nr 1 (4.04.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46912/jbrcp2i1.2019101.

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Analyses of HIV incidence in Nasarawa State Nigeria estimate that most of the new HIV infections occur among persons who reported low HIV risk including couples. The study was aimed at identifying the factors that predict risky sexual behavior among the general population in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Data analysis was carried on a total of 801 respondents sampled from the general population of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The original sample was obtained through a two-stage cluster sampling technique using probability proportionate to size. The primary outcome variable was risky sexual behavior. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between the outcome and selected Sociodemographic and other independent variables. Females were 54.2% of the total sampled population analysed, the mean age of the respondents was 29.8 years (SD: 10.3). About two-third of the respondents engaged in risky sexual behaviours (65.9%) but only 4.7% considered themselves to be at high risk of HIV. The multivariable regression analysis showed that factors associated with risky sexual behaviour included : been male sex [OR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.436-0.915], married [OR: 0.26: 95% CI: 0.163 - 0.419], rural resident [OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.775 to 1.871 ], age 20-24 [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.113 - 3.360] and 25-29 years [OR: 2.34; 95% CI: 1.267-1.308]; and knowledge of HIV [OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.056-2.108].There is a need to urgently intensify media campaigns, community-based interventions including one on one communications to reduce risky sexual behaviours.

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Battistella, Linamara Rizzo, Marta Imamura, Lucas Ramos De Pretto, Simon K. H. A. A. Van Cauwenbergh, Vinicius Delgado Ramos, Sabrina Saemy Tome Uchiyama, Denise Matheus i in. "Long-term functioning status of COVID-19 survivors: a prospective observational evaluation of a cohort of patients surviving hospitalisation". BMJ Open 12, nr 7 (lipiec 2022): e057246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057246.

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ObjectivesThe study investigated the long-term functional status of hospitalised COVID-19 survivors to explore and document their functional situation.DesignThis prospective observational study assessed 801 COVID-19 survivors at 3–11 months after hospital discharge. It analyses participants' sociodemographic background, COVID-19 clinical manifestations, and clinical and functional evaluations.SettingTertiary-level university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil.ParticipantsStudy participants are COVID-19 survivors admitted to hospital care for at least 24 hours to treat acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.Outcome measuresEpworth Sleepiness Scale, EuroQoL-5 Dimensions-5 Levels, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue, Functional Independence Measure, Functional Oral Intake Scale, Handgrip Strength, Insomnia Severity Index, Medical Research Council (MRC) Dyspnea Scale, MRC sum score, Modified Borg Dyspnea Scale, pain Visual Analogue Scale, Post-COVID-19 Functional Status, Timed Up and Go, WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, 1-Minute Sit to Stand Test.ResultsMany participants required invasive mechanical ventilation (41.57%, 333 of 801). Mean age was 55.35±14.58 years. With a mean of 6.56 (SD: 1.58; 95% CI: 6.45 to 6.67) months after hospital discharge, 70.86% (567 of 800) reported limited daily activities, which were severe in 5.62% (45 of 800). They also reported pain and discomfort (64.50%, 516 of 800), breathlessness (64.66%, 514 of 795), and anxiety and depression (57.27%, 457 of 798). Daytime sleepiness and insomnia evaluations showed subthreshold results. Most (92.85%, 727 of 783) participants reported unrestricted oral intake. Data indicated no generalised fatigue (mean score: 39.18, SD: 9.77; 95% CI: 38.50 to 39.86). Assessments showed poor handgrip strength (52.20%, 379 of 726) and abnormal Timed Up and Go results (mean 13.07 s, SD: 6.49). The invasive mechanical ventilation group seemed to have a better handgrip strength however. We found no clear trends of change in their functional status during months passed since hospital discharge.ConclusionsMuscle weakness, pain, anxiety, depression, breathlessness, reduced mobility, insomnia and daytime sleepiness were the most prevalent long-term conditions identified among previously hospitalised COVID-19 survivors.

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Klimešová, Marcela, Martin Tomáška, Margita Hofericová, Oto Hanuš, Lenka Vorlová, Ludmila Nejeschlebová, Hana Nejeschlebová, Lucie Hasoňová, Jaroslav Kopecký i Eva Vondrušková. "Seasonal dynamics and possible development of total count of microorganisms in sheep’s milk". Acta Veterinaria Brno 85, nr 2 (2016): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201685020157.

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The work is focused on the evaluation of seasonal dynamics of the total count of microorganisms in sheep’s milk and on the proposal of developing cut-off values for standard limitation for the next fifteen years for hygienic safety support. The total count of microorganisms was measured between years 2012–2014 (n = 4,746). The results were statistically evaluated using medians, geometric means, arithmetic means, means of log values (log10) and standard deviations for the cut-off limit determination. This model was patterned on the maximum of total count of microorganisms in the tested percentiles 95 (statistical conventional interval), 91, 90, 80 and 70% and on the result of medians (from 109 to 148 × 103 cfu/ml). These cut-off limits were divided into three classes (I to III) of standard quality, and the model of dynamics for their gradual implementation time was created as follows: initiation period (class I = ≤ 800; II = from 801 to 1,300; III = 1,301 to 4,000; non-standard = > 4,000 × 103 cfu/ml); second period (class I = ≤ 550; II = 551 to 800; III = 801 to 1,300; non-standard = > 1,300 × 103 cfu/ml); third period (standard class = ≤ 800 × 103 cfu/ml); fourth period (standard class = ≤ 550 × 103 cfu/ml); and the last legislative period (≤ 300 × 103 cfu/ml as a real hygienic limit). The limit for milk without heat treatment corresponds to the real value of the median 200 × 103 cfu/ml. The work is important for the procedures in the development of methods for the control and safety of raw food material.

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Groos, Anita, Shelley Peardon-Freeman, Kim McFarlane, Simone Braithwaite, Deepa Gajjar, Pamela Murch i Catherine Spucches. "Free online chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine test request in Queensland, Australia: convenience of home sample collection versus pathology collection centre attendance for faster results". Sexual Health 18, nr 3 (2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh21029.

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Background A free online chlamydia and gonorrhoea urine testing service (Webtest) is available for people living in Queensland, Australia. There are two options to provide a urine sample: at a pathology collection centre or by using a home mailing kit. The study aimed to trial these two testing options designed for young people and describe which is the preferred testing choice. Methods: Data for online requests made from 3 August 2017 to 31 December 2019 provides information for age, gender, location of clients, results received, treatment and partner notification reported by people with positive results. Results: For 29 months, there were 4642 Webtest requests and 2906 valid results received. For young people (16–29 years), chlamydia positivity was 8.2% (172/2105; 95% CI, 7.1–9.4) versus 3.2% (26/801; 95% CI, 2.2–4.7) for people aged ≥30 years, and 6.8% (198/2906; 95% CI, 6.0–7.8) for all ages. Home mailing kits were the most popular testing choice, with 68.0% (1977/2906) of results received from urine submitted by post and 32.0% (929/2906) via pathology collection centre. Conclusions: The free online test request service engaged young people at risk of sexually transmissible infections and found home sample collection was most popular.

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Khalili, Hamed, Edward S. Huang, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs i Andrew T. Chan. "A Prospective Study of Bisphosphonate Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer". Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, nr 26 (10.09.2012): 3229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.39.2670.

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Purpose Bisphosphonates are used for the treatment of bone metastases and have been associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. A recent case-control study showed an inverse association between bisphosphonate use and colorectal cancer. Data from prospective cohorts are lacking. Patients and Methods We prospectively examined the relationship between bisphosphonate use and risk of colorectal cancer among 86,277 women enrolled onto the Nurses Health Study (NHS). Since 1998, participants have returned biennial questionnaires in which they were specifically queried about the regular use of bisphosphonates. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for risk of colorectal cancer. Results Through 2008, we documented 801 cases of colorectal cancer over 814,406 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted HR for women who regularly used bisphosphonates was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.73 to 1.14) and was further attenuated after adjustment for other risk factors (multivariate HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.33). The risk was not influenced by duration of use (Ptrend = 0.79). Compared with nonusers, the multivariate-adjusted HRs of colorectal cancer were 1.24 (95% CI, 0.94 to 1.64) for women with 1 to 2 years of use, 1.16 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.69) for 3 to 4 years of use, and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.56) for ≥ 5 years of use. There was no association between bisphosphonate use and colorectal cancer within strata of other risk factors. Conclusion In a large prospective cohort, we did not observe an association between long-term use of bisphosphonates and risk of colorectal cancer.

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Jette, Diane U., Mary Stilphen, Vinoth K. Ranganathan, Sandra Passek, Frederick S. Frost i Alan M. Jette. "Interrater Reliability of AM-PAC “6-Clicks” Basic Mobility and Daily Activity Short Forms". Physical Therapy 95, nr 5 (1.05.2015): 758–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140174.

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BackgroundThe interrater reliability of 2 new inpatient functional short-form measures, Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-Clicks” basic mobility and daily activity scores, has yet to be established.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the interrater reliability of AM-PAC “6-Clicks” measures.DesignA prospective observational study was conducted.MethodsFour pairs of physical therapists rated basic mobility and 4 pairs of occupational therapists rated daily activity of patients in 1 of 4 hospital services. One therapist in a pair was the primary therapist directing the assessment while the other therapist observed. Each therapist was unaware of the other's AM-PAC “6-Clicks” scores. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland-Altman plots, and weighted kappa.ResultsThe ICCs for the overall reliability of basic mobility and daily activity were .849 (95% confidence interval [CI]=.784, .895) and .783 (95% CI=.696, .847), respectively. The ICCs for the reliability of each pair of raters ranged from .581 (95% CI=.260, .789) to .960 (95% CI=.897, .983) for basic mobility and .316 (95% CI=−.061, .611) to .907 (95% CI=.801, .958) for daily activity. The weighted kappa values for item agreement ranged from .492 (95% CI=.382, .601) to .712 (95% CI=.607, .816) for basic mobility and .251 (95% CI=.057, .445) to .751 (95% CI=.653, .848) for daily activity. Mean differences between raters' scores were near zero.LimitationsRaters were from one health system. Each pair of raters assessed different patients in different services.ConclusionsThe ICCs for AM-PAC “6-Clicks” total scores were very high. Levels of agreement varied across pairs of raters, from large to nearly perfect for physical therapists and from moderate to nearly perfect for occupational therapists. Levels of agreement for individual item scores ranged from small to very large.

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Mitro, Susanna D., Sharon K. Sagiv, Abby F. Fleisch, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Paige L. Williams, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Antonia M. Calafat, Marie-France Hivert, Emily Oken i Tamarra M. James-Todd. "Pregnancy Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Concentrations and Postpartum Health in Project Viva: A Prospective Cohort". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, nr 9 (4.07.2020): e3415-e3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa431.

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Abstract Context Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmental chemicals linked to weight gain and type 2 diabetes. Objective We examined the extent to which PFAS plasma concentrations during pregnancy were associated with postpartum anthropometry and biomarkers. Design, Patients, and Measures We studied women recruited between 1999 and 2002 in the Project Viva prospective cohort with pregnancy plasma concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamide) acetic acid (EtFOSAA). Three-year postpartum anthropometry measurements were available from 786 to 801 women, blood pressure from 761 women, and blood biomarkers from 450 to 454 women. We used multivariable regression to evaluate the association of log2-transformed PFAS with postpartum anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], hemoglobin A1c, interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein), adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, marital status, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, parity, and breastfeeding history. Results Pregnancy concentrations of certain PFAS were associated with greater adiposity (eg, 0.4 cm [95% confidence interval [95%CI]: −0.1, 0.9] greater waist circumference per doubling in EtFOSAA; 0.2 cm [95%CI: −0.1, 0.5] greater mid-upper arm circumference per doubling in PFOA; 1.2 mm [95%CI: 0.1, 2.2] thicker sum of subscapular and triceps skinfolds per doubling in PFOS) and higher systolic blood pressure (eg, 1.2 mm Hg [95%CI: 0.3, 2.2] per doubling in PFOS) at 3 years postpartum. Higher EtFOSAA concentrations were also associated with 10.8% higher IL-6 (95%CI: 3.3, 18.9) and 6.1% lower SHBG (95%CI: 0.7, 11.2) per doubling. Conclusions Pregnancy concentrations of EtFOSAA, PFOS, and PFOA were associated with adverse postpartum cardiometabolic markers.

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Showman, Adam P., Nikole K. Lewis i Jonathan J. Fortney. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF WARM AND HOT JUPITERS: EFFECTS OF ORBITAL DISTANCE, ROTATION PERIOD, AND NONSYNCHRONOUS ROTATION". Astrophysical Journal 801, nr 2 (10.03.2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/801/2/95.

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Si, Jiahui, Canqing Yu, Yu Guo, Zheng Bian, Ruogu Meng, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen i in. "Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and total and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort study of 0.5 million people". BMJ Open 9, nr 4 (kwiecień 2019): e027696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027696.

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ObjectivesChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with a higher risk of liver diseases. Substantial uncertainty remains, however, about the associations of HBV infection with mortality from extrahepatic causes, especially from subtypes of cardiovascular diseases. We prospectively examined the association of chronic HBV infection with total and cause-specific mortality.DesignPopulation-based prospective cohort study.SettingChina Kadoorie Biobank in which participants from 10 geographically diverse areas across China were enrolled between 2004 and 2008.Participants475 801 participants 30–79 years of age without reporting major chronic diseases at baseline were enrolled. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was tested using an on-site rapid test strip at baseline.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTotal and cause-specific mortality.ResultsA total of 35 822 deaths were recorded during ~10 years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared with HBsAg-negative participants, HBsAg-positive participants had an increased risk of total mortality (HR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.91 to 2.12), which was higher in men (HR=2.16, 95% CI: 2.01 to 2.31) than in women (HR=1.74, 95% CI: 1.60 to 1.90). Presence of HBsAg was associated with increased mortality from liver cancer (1339 deaths, HR=13.95, 95% CI: 12.46 to 15.62), infections (410 deaths, HR=10.30, 95% CI: 8.21 to 12.94), digestive diseases (688 deaths, HR=6.83, 95% CI: 5.49 to 8.50), intracerebral haemorrhage (4077 deaths, HR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.68) and ischaemic heart diseases (4624 deaths, HR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.58). The positive association between HBsAg status and risk of death was stronger in participants younger than 50 years, smokers, physically active or non-hypertensive participants.ConclusionsAmong Chinese adults, chronic HBV infection was associated with increased mortality from a range of hepatic and extrahepatic diseases.

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Omer, Nuruhusan, Bikes Destaw Bitew, Garedew Tadege Engdaw i Atalay Getachew. "Utilization of Latrine and Associated Factors Among Rural Households in Takussa District, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study". Environmental Health Insights 16 (styczeń 2022): 117863022210917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302221091742.

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Background: The use of sanitation facilities is known to interrupt the transmission of fecal-oral related diseases. However, the evidence was limited about the utilization of latrines within the rural community of Takussa district. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the utilization of latrines and associated factors among households in Takussa district, northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to survey 801 rural households among initially computed 812 participants from February 15 to March 15, 2019. A structured questionnaire with face-to-face interviews was used to collect the data. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the completed data. A binary logistic regression model was used to process bivariate and multivariable analysis of the data. The adjusted odds ratio was used for the interpretation of the data after controlling for the confounders. Results: The proper latrine utilization rate was 41.9%, with a 95% confidence interval of (38.8, 45.3). Households with school-aged children (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: (1.44, 3.56), a clean latrine (AOR: 3.34, 95% CI: (1.26, 4.93), the optimal distance from the living room (AOR: 1.56, 95% CI: (1.09, 2.25), and perceived benefit (AOR: 3.64, 95% CI: (1.13, 11.67) were statistically associated factors. Conclusion: The Proper utilization of latrines was low among rural households in the Takussa district. School children, distance, cleanliness, and the benefit of latrines were statistically associated factors. As a result, encouraging health extension workers integrated into district schools to pay special attention to frequent follow-up in order to promote proper latrine utilization at the household level.

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Koebnick, Corinna, Margo A. Sidell, Xia Li, Susan J. Woolford, Beatriz D. Kuizon i Poornima Kunani. "Association of High Normal Body Weight in Youths With Risk of Hypertension". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 3 (14.03.2023): e231987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.1987.

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ImportanceAmple evidence links obesity to hypertension in youths. However, the association of high normal body mass index (BMI) with obesity and the interaction with different weight trajectories are not well understood.ObjectiveTo examine the hypertension risk associated with high normal BMI for age and different weight trajectories in youths.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study assessed 801 019 youths aged 3 to 17 years in an integrated health care system in Southern California from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2015, with a maximum follow-up of 5 years from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2020. Data analysis was performed from 2018 to 2022.ExposuresYouths were compared by first available (baseline) sex-specific BMI for age and change in the distance to the median BMI for age during the 5-year follow-up.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCox proportional hazards regression models with age as a time scale to assess hypertension risk (based on 2017 Blood Pressure Guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics from 3 consecutive independent visits), adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, baseline year, and birth year.ResultsA total of 801 019 youths (mean [SD] age, 9.4 [4.6] years; 409 167 [51.1%] female]; 59 399 [7.4%] Asian and Pacific Islanders, 65 712 [8.2%] Black, and 427 492 [53.4%] Hispanic) were studied. Compared with youths with a baseline BMI for age in the 40th to 59th percentiles, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for hypertension within a maximum of 5 years was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.20-1.33) for youths between the 60th and 84th percentiles if they maintained their BMI for age. With every 1-unit annual increase in the distance to the median BMI for age, the aHR increased by 1.04 (95% CI, 1.04-1.05). The aHR was 4.94 (95% CI, 4.72-5.18) in youths with a baseline BMI for age in the 97th percentile or higher who maintained their body weight. Weight gain increased the risk associated with baseline BMI for age in the 97th percentile or higher with an aHR of 1.04 (95% CI, 1.04-1.05) per 1-unit annual increase in the distance to the median BMI for age. The risk associated with weight change was higher in youths living with low to high normal weight and overweight than in youths living with severe obesity.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of youths, high normal body weight above the 60th percentile of BMI for age was associated with increased risk of hypertension. Weight gain was associated with further increases in hypertension risk. Further research is needed to evaluate the wide range of body weight considered normal in youths and the health risks associated with high normal weight.

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Zwennis, W. C., A. C. Franssen i M. J. Wijnans. "Use of zinc protoporphyrin in screening individuals for exposure to lead". Clinical Chemistry 36, nr 8 (1.08.1990): 1456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/36.8.1456.

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Abstract We studied the relation between the concentrations of lead in blood (PbB) and zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP) in a group of 801 men occupationally exposed for more than one year to lead or inorganic lead compounds. Linear regression of PbB on log ZPP provided 95% tolerance intervals for PbB values for a given ZPP value. The intervals we found are too large to warrant the estimation of PbB on the basis of ZPP measurements in health surveillance of lead workers. Instead we propose a procedure in which ZPP can be used as an indicator to decide which individuals exposed to lead need further investigation of PbB in light of existing limit values for PbB. The procedure is applicable only for PbB values of 2.4 mumol/L or more but may reduce considerably the costs for screening individuals or groups of people exposed to lead.

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Ruberto, Maria Filomena, Francesco Marongiu, Antonella Mandas, Antonella Mameli, Mariagrazia Porru, Elisabetta Cianchetti i Doris Barcellona. "The venous thromboembolic risk and the clot wave analysis: a useful relationship?" Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 56, nr 3 (23.02.2018): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2017-0678.

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AbstractBackground:Hospitalized patients with acute medical conditions have higher venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk. A patient with a final Padua Prediction Score (PPS) of ≥4 is considered to be at high risk for VTE. The aim of this study was to investigate on a possible relationship between PPS, the dynamics of the clot formation, i.e. the clot waveform analysis (CWA) of aPTT, fibrinogen and D-Dimer in a large group of medical patients.Methods:CWA in terms of velocity (first derivative), acceleration (second derivative), density (Delta) of aPTT, fibrinogen, D-Dimer and PPS for VTE were determined in 801 medical patients divided in three groups (without antithrombotic prophylaxis and high PPS, without antithrombotic prophylaxis and low PPS, with antithrombotic prophylaxis and high PPS) and a group of healthy subjects.Results:CWA, fibrinogen and D-Dimer values were higher in the medical patients with high PPS with or without antithrombotic prophylaxis when compared with patients without antithrombotic prophylaxis with low PPS and healthy subjects. The second derivative, fibrinogen and D-Dimer were significantly associated with a high PPS score (≥4): odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–2.28; OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.3–2.79; OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 2.29–4.36, respectively. Interactions between first derivative and D-Dimer (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.23–3.72) and first derivative and fibrinogen (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.02–2.98) were found.Conclusions:CWA could give useful information to recognize a hypercoagulable state in patients admitted to a medical ward with high and low PPS. First and second derivative aPTT, D-Dimer and fibrinogen levels could be added to PPS to better assess the global thromboembolic risk of these patients.

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Padrão, Patrícia, Olga Laszczyńska, Carla Silva-Matos, Albertino Damasceno i Nuno Lunet. "Low fruit and vegetable consumption in Mozambique: results from a WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance". British Journal of Nutrition 107, nr 3 (15.07.2011): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511003023.

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Monitoring food consumption and its determinants over time is essential for defining and implementing health promotion strategies, but surveillance is scarce in Africa. The present study aimed to describe fruit and vegetable consumption in Mozambique according to socio-demographic characteristics and place of residence (urban/rural). A national representative sample (n 3323) of subjects aged 25–64 years was evaluated in 2005 following the WHO Stepwise Approach to Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, which included an assessment of usual fruit and vegetable consumption (frequency and quantity). Crude prevalence and age-, education- and family income-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with 95 % CI were computed. Less than 5 % of the subjects reported an intake of five or more daily servings of fruits/vegetables. Both fruits and vegetables were more often consumed by women and in rural settings. In urban areas, the prevalence of fruit intake ( ≥ 2 servings/d) increased with education ( ≥ 6 years v. < 1 year: women, adjusted PR = 3·11, 95 % CI 1·27, 7·58; men, adjusted PR = 3·63, 95 % CI 1·22, 10·81), but not with income. Conversely, vegetable consumption ( ≥ 2 servings/d) was less frequent in more educated urban men ( ≥ 6 years v. < 1 year: adjusted PR = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·10, 0·94) and more affluent rural women ( ≥ $801 US dollars (USD) v. $0–64: adjusted PR = 0·32, 95 % CI 0·13, 0·81). The very low intake of these foods in this setting supports the need for fruit and vegetable promotion programmes that target the whole population, despite the different socio-demographic determinants of fruit and vegetable intake.

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Hu, Yaoyue, Milagros Ruiz, Martin Bobak i Pekka Martikainen. "Four-year trajectories of episodic memory decline in mid-late life by living arrangements: a cross-national comparison between China and England". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, nr 9 (9.02.2021): 881–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-215567.

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BackgroundThere is mixed evidence on the association between living arrangements and mid-late life cognition, which may be due to distinct familial arrangements and preferences between populations. To address such heterogeneity, we assessed these associations in China and England.MethodsFour-year trajectories of episodic memory scores (0–20, word recall test) by living arrangements (living with partner only, living with partner and children/grandchildren, living with no partner but with children/grandchildren, and living alone) were estimated using latent growth curve modelling for men and women aged 50+ from China (n=12 801) and England (n=10 964).ResultsAfter adjusting for baseline socioeconomic, health behaviours and health covariates, worse baseline memory was found in Chinese adults living with no partner but with children/grandchildren and in Chinese women living with partner and children/grandchildren, compared with those living with partner only. Better baseline memory was associated with living alone in English women. A faster memory decline was found in Chinese men living with no partner but with children/grandchildren (−0.122 word/year, 95% CI −0.213 to –0.031), as well as in English women living with children/grandchildren with (−0.114, 95% CI −0.180 to –0.049) or without (−0.118, 95% CI −0.209 to –0.026) a partner, and those living alone (−0.075, 95% CI −0.127 to –0.024). No differences at baseline nor over follow-up were found between English men in different living arrangements.ConclusionOverall, our findings did not confirm the protective effects of co-residence with children/grandchildren, nor the detrimental effects of living alone on mid-late life cognition in China and England.

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Mengestie, Nebyu Demeke, Tesfahun Melese Yilma, Miftah Abdella Beshir i Genet Kiflemariam Paulos. "eHealth Literacy of Medical and Health Science Students and Factors Affecting eHealth Literacy in an Ethiopian University: A Cross-Sectional Study". Applied Clinical Informatics 12, nr 02 (marzec 2021): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1727154.

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Abstract Background eHealth literacy is individual's ability to look for, understand, and evaluate health information from electronic sources. Integrating eHealth literacy to the health system could help lower health care costs and ensure health equity. Despite its importance, the eHealth literacy level in Ethiopia has not been studied on medical and health science students, who are important parties in the health system. Understanding their level of eHealth literacy augments practice of health care, efficiency in education, and use of eHealth technologies. Objective This research study aims to determine eHealth literacy level and identify its associated factors among medical and health science students in University of Gondar (UoG). Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019 among undergraduate medical and health science students in the UoG. Stratified multistage sampling was used. The eHealth literacy scale was used to measure eHealth literacy. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to measure association between eHealth literacy and the independent variables. Results A total of 801 students participated in this study with a 94.6% of response rate. The majority (60%) were male and previously lived-in urban areas (68%). The mean eHealth literacy score was 28.7 and 60% of the participants possessed high eHealth literacy. Using health-specific Web sites (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–4.33), having higher Internet efficacy (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.56–3.26), perceived usefulness of the Internet (AOR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.95–5.69), medical app use (AOR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.13–2.55), being female (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08–2.22), and being health informatics student (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.149–3.148) affect a high eHealth literacy level. Conclusion The level of eHealth literacy in this study was moderate. Using specific reputable health Web sites, using smartphone medical applications, and Internet efficacy determine eHealth literacy significantly.

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Palacios, Cristina, Sona Rivas-Tumanyan, Evangelia Morou-Bermúdez, Alina M. Colon, Roxana Y. Torres i Augusto R. Elías-Boneta. "Association between Type, Amount, and Pattern of Carbohydrate Consumption with Dental Caries in 12-Year-Olds in Puerto Rico". Caries Research 50, nr 6 (2016): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000450655.

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Objective: To identify the types, food sources, and pattern of carbohydrates that significantly contribute to dental caries in Puerto Rican children. Methods: As part of an island-wide cross-sectional oral health study in 1,587 twelve-year-olds, diet intake was assessed in a representative subset (n = 801) with a 24-hour dietary recall. Carbohydrate intake was quantified using a computer-based diet analysis program. Caries was assessed using the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research diagnostic criteria. Odds ratios were used to associate carbohydrate intake quartiles with caries, after controlling for important confounders. Results: A total of 723 subjects had complete data. Most were females (54%) and attended public schools (77%). The caries prevalence was 33%. The highest quartile intake for the following sugars significantly increased the odds of caries compared to the lowest quartile: total carbohydrates (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.08-3.46), total sugars (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.01-351), sucrose (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.13-3.70), fructose (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.05-3.62), and inositol (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.38-4.63). The main food sources of these sugars were juices, including natural juices with no added sugars, and sweetened beverages. The odds of caries also increased significantly in children whose 10% of total energy intake was from total sugars (OR = 3.76, 95% CI = 1.03-13.7). Conclusion: After adjusting for important caries risk factors, total carbohydrates, total sugars, ≥10% kilocaloric energy from total sugars, and sucrose, fructose, and inositol intake significantly increased caries risk. Our findings can help raise awareness about the potential caries risk from the main sources of these sugars, natural fruit juices and sweetened beverages, which are consumed in great quantities in many societies.

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Maltz, Marisa, Felipe Lappann Leal, Mario Bernardes Wagner, Julio Eduardo do Amaral Zenkner, Carolina Doege Brusius i Luana Severo Alves. "Can We Diagnose a Patient’s Caries Activity Based on Lesion Activity Assessment? Findings from a Cohort Study". Caries Research 54, nr 3 (2020): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000509871.

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This cohort study evaluated the fate of sound surfaces and inactive non-cavitated (INC) and active non-cavitated (ANC) caries lesions in a population-based sample of South Brazilian adolescents, in answer to the question: “Is lesion activity assessment a reliable criterion to diagnose a patient’s caries activity?” A total of 801 schoolchildren were examined at baseline (aged 12 years) and after a mean time interval of 2.5 years. Data collection included a questionnaire and clinical examination. Patients were classified as caries-free (patients without any lesion), caries-inactive (patients with only inactive lesions), and caries-active (patients with at least one active lesion). The primary outcome was caries progression (presence of cavity, underlying dentin shadow, filling, or extraction at the follow-up exam). Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the risk for caries progression. The main predictor variable was status of the surface at baseline: sound, INC, or ANC. Progression rates of 1.0, 9.0, and 12.6% were found for sound surfaces, INC, and ANC, respectively. INC (incidence risk ratio [IRR] 5.37, 95% CI 4.22–6.83) and ANC (IRR 4.96, 95% CI 3.43–7.17) had greater risk for caries progression than sound surfaces. Similar risks for progression were found for ANC and INC (IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.64–1.32). Progression rates were 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2% for caries-free, caries-inactive, and caries-active individuals, respectively (p < 0.05). The risk for caries progression of sound surfaces was higher among caries-active adolescents (caries-free: IRR 2.78, 95% CI 1.63–4.72; caries-inactive: IRR 2.19, 95% CI 1.65–2.90). Caries-inactive patients behaved similarly to caries-free individuals (IRR 1.27, 95% CI 0.73–2.20). This study demonstrated the possibility of defining a patient’s caries activity profile based on lesion features.

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Walter, Nike, Dominik Szymski, Steven M. Kurtz, David W. Lowenberg, Volker Alt, Edmund C. Lau i Markus Rupp. "Complications and associated risk factors after surgical management of proximal femoral fractures". Bone & Joint Open 4, nr 10 (23.10.2023): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.410.bjo-2023-0088.r1.

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AimsThis work aimed at answering the following research questions: 1) What is the rate of mechanical complications, nonunion and infection for head/neck femoral fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures in the elderly USA population? and 2) Which factors influence adverse outcomes?MethodsProximal femoral fractures occurred between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were identified from the Medicare Physician Service Records Data Base. The Kaplan-Meier method with Fine and Gray sub-distribution adaptation was used to determine rates for nonunion, infection, and mechanical complications. Semiparametric Cox regression model was applied incorporating 23 measures as covariates to identify risk factors.ResultsUnion failure occured in 0.89% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83 to 0.95) after head/neck fracturs, in 0.92% (95% CI 0.84 to 1.01) after intertrochanteric fracture and in 1.99% (95% CI 1.69 to 2.33) after subtrochanteric fractures within 24 months. A fracture-related infection was more likely to occur after subtrochanteric fractures than after head/neck fractures (1.64% vs 1.59%, hazard ratio (HR) 1.01 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.17); p < 0.001) as well as after intertrochanteric fractures (1.64% vs 1.13%, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.52); p < 0.001). Anticoagulant use, cerebrovascular disease, a concomitant fracture, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, open fracture, and rheumatoid disease was identified as risk factors. Mechanical complications after 24 months were most common after head/neck fractures with 3.52% (95% CI 3.41 to 3.64; currently at risk: 48,282).ConclusionThe determination of complication rates for each fracture type can be useful for informed patient-clinician communication. Risk factors for complications could be identified for distinct proximal femur fractures in elderly patients, which are accessible for therapeutical treatment in the management.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(10):801–807.

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Moeen Abbas, Fatima, i Eman Mohammad .Jarallah. "Prevalence of AmpC ß-lactamase producing carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae among different hospitals in Hilla City." Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology 9, nr 3 (22.11.2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36320/ajb/v9.i3.7909.

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This study was performed to detect the presence of blaAmpC among carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.A total of 117 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from 801 clinical sample from different hospitals in Hilla City,during the period from April to August 2011.High prevalence of K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in 38 (32.5%)of stool samples, followed by sputum 19(16,2%),All isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods .High resistance rate was recorded for Carbencillin (98%),followed by Amox-clavulanic acid (95%).Carbapenem resistance was reported in 17 of K. pneumoniae isolates.These were screened for cefoxitin resistance.Results revealed that all these isolates were found to be cefoxitin resistant, among 17 cefoxitin resistant K. pneumoniae isolates,AmpC ß-lactamases production were phenotypically detected in 2(11.8%),3(17.6%) by AmpC disk and MTDT respectively.None of the isolates were positive for inducible AmpC ß-lactamase. AmpC ß-lactamases were dectectable in 13(76.4%) of isolates by PCR method.

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Hu, Jiajin, Izzuddin Aris, Emily Oken, Yanan Ma, Ning Ding, Ming Gao, Xiaotong Wei i Deliang Wen. "Association of Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain Rate with Early Infancy Weight Status: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in China". Nutrients 11, nr 2 (28.01.2019): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020280.

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Studies to examine the associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) with offspring weight status during infancy are needed, especially among Asian populations. We examined 801 mother–infant pairs from a prospective cohort study in China to assess the associations of total and trimester-specific GWG with early infant weight status. We used linear mixed effects models and linear regression models to examine the longitudinal and time-point associations of GWG rate (kg/week) with infant growth measures (z-scores of body-mass-index (BMIZ), weight-for-age (WFAZ) and length-for-age (LFAZ)) at birth, 1, 3, and 6 months. Greater total GWG rate was associated with higher BMIZ (β:1.34 SD units (95% CI: 0.84, 1.83) per 1 kg/week increase in GWG) and higher WFAZ (β:1.18 SD units (95% CI: 1.01, 2.28)) across the first 6 months of life. GWG rate in the first two trimesters but not in the third trimester was positively associated with infant BMIZ. The association between GWG rate and infant BMIZ was significant at all timepoints and more pronounced in normal weight women and among male infants. In conclusion, greater GWG rate is positively associated with offspring BMIZ in the first 6 months of life, the association is mostly driven by GWG in the first two trimesters.

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Weijs, Peter J. M., Kris M. Mogensen, James D. Rawn i Kenneth B. Christopher. "Protein Intake, Nutritional Status and Outcomes in ICU Survivors: A Single Center Cohort Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, nr 1 (4.01.2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8010043.

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Background: We hypothesized that protein delivery during hospitalization in patients who survived critical care would be associated with outcomes following hospital discharge. Methods: We studied 801 patients, age ≥ 18 years, who received critical care between 2004 and 2012 and survived hospitalization. All patients underwent a registered dietitian formal assessment within 48 h of ICU admission. The exposure of interest, grams of protein per kilogram body weight delivered per day, was determined from all oral, enteral and parenteral sources for up to 28 days. Adjusted odds ratios for all cause 90-day post-discharge mortality were estimated by mixed- effects logistic regression models. Results: The 90-day post-discharge mortality was 13.9%. The mean nutrition delivery days recorded was 15. In a mixed-effect logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, race, Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index, acute organ failures, sepsis and percent energy needs met, the 90-day post-discharge mortality rate was 17% (95% CI: 6–26) lower for each 1 g/kg increase in daily protein delivery (OR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.74–0.94; p = 0.002)). Conclusions: Adult medical ICU patients with improvements in daily protein intake during hospitalization who survive hospitalization have decreased odds of mortality in the 3 months following hospital discharge.

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Lawrence, Wayne R., Neal D. Freedman, Jennifer K. McGee-Avila, Lee Mason, Yingxi Chen, Aldenise P. Ewing i Meredith S. Shiels. "Abstract 801: Severe housing cost burden and premature cancer mortality by state Medicaid expansion status". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-801.

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Abstract Introduction: The fraction of people living in unaffordable housing in the U.S. has grown, and prior studies have documented a relationship between housing cost burden and worsening health. Medicaid expansion has been suggested to improve housing financial stability by reducing health care costs and improving access to preventative care. However, the role of expanded access to Medicaid on the relationship between housing cost burden and cancer mortality remains poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between county-level severe housing cost burden and premature cancer mortality by state Medicaid expansion status for all cancers and leading sites. Methods: This ecological study used county-level data from 2016-2020 American Community Survey linked with county-level mortality data. Severe housing cost burden measured by percentage of households within a county that spend ≥50% of their income on housing categorized into quintiles (1=lowest, 5=highest) and state Medicaid expansion status (expanded and non-expanded). Age-adjusted cancer mortality rates and adjusted-mortality rate ratio (aRR) were estimated by sex. Results: Across quintiles of county-level severe housing cost burden, age-adjusted cancer mortality rates were largely greater in non-Medicaid expanded states than Medicaid expanded states among women and men. Among counties in the lowest quintile of severe housing cost burden, rates for overall cancer mortality in women were 9% (aRR=1.09; 95%CI 1.05-1.14) higher in non-Medicaid expanded states compared with expanded states. Additionally, among the third quintile of severe housing cost burden, colorectal cancer mortality rate was 8% higher (aRR=1.08; 95%CI 1.02-1.14) in non-Medicaid expanded states. Among men in the lowest quintile of severe housing cost burden, overall cancer mortality rates were 5% (aRR=1.05; 95%CI 1.02-1.09) higher in non-Medicaid expanded states than Medicaid expanded states. Further, among men in counties in the highest quintile of severe housing cost burden, colorectal cancer mortality rate was 8% higher (aRR=1.08; 95%CI 1.05-1.12) and lung cancer mortality was 13% higher (aRR=1.13; 95%CI 1.10-1.15) in non-Medicaid expanded states compared with expanded states. Conclusions: Counties with a lower fraction of households experiencing severe housing cost burden had greater premature cancer death rates within non-Medicaid expanded states than Medicaid expanded states. However, among men rates were also elevated in non-Medicaid expanded states in counties with the greatest severe housing cost burden. Citation Format: Wayne R. Lawrence, Neal D. Freedman, Jennifer K. McGee-Avila, Lee Mason, Yingxi Chen, Aldenise P. Ewing, Meredith S. Shiels. Severe housing cost burden and premature cancer mortality by state Medicaid expansion status [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 801.

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Jennings, Amy, Manja Koch, Majken K. Jensen, Corinna Bang, Jan Kassubek, Hans-Peter Müller, Ute Nöthlings, Andre Franke, Wolfgang Lieb i Aedín Cassidy. "The role of the gut microbiome in the association between habitual anthocyanin intake and visceral abdominal fat in population-level analysis". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, nr 2 (11.12.2019): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz299.

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ABSTRACT Background Flavonoid intake modifies the composition of the gut microbiome, which contributes to the metabolism of flavonoids. Few studies have examined the contribution of the gut microbiome to the health benefits associated with flavonoid intake. Objectives We aimed to examine associations between habitual intakes of flavonoid subclasses and MRI-determined visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue. Uniquely, we also identified associations between the aforementioned measurements and gut microbiome composition sequenced from 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Methods We undertook cross-sectional analyses of 618 men and women (n = 368 male), aged 25–83 y, from the PopGen cohort. Results Higher intake of anthocyanins was associated with lower amounts of VAT [tertile (T)3-T1: −0.49 dm3; β: −8.9%; 95% CI: −16.2%, −1.1%; P = 0.03] and VAT:SAT ratio (T3-T1: −0.04; β: −7.1%; 95% CI: −13.5%, −0.3%; P = 0.03). Higher intakes of anthocyanin-rich foods were also inversely associated with VAT [quantile (Q)4-Q1: −0.39 dm3; β: −9.9%; 95% CI: −17.4%, −1.6%; P = 0.02] and VAT:SAT ratio (Q4-Q1: −0.04; β: −6.5%; 95% CI: −13.3%, −0.9%; P = 0.03). Participants with the highest intakes of anthocyanin-rich foods also had higher microbial diversity (Q4-Q1: β: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.31; P < 0.01), higher abundances of Clostridiales (Q4-Q1: β: 449; 95% CI: 96.3, 801; P = 0.04) and Ruminococcaceae (Q4-Q1: β: 313; 95% CI: 33.6, 591; P = 0.04), and lower abundance of Clostridium XIVa (Q4-Q1: β: −41.1; 95% CI: −72.4, −9.8; P = 0.04). Participants with the highest microbial diversity, abundances of Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae, and lower abundance of Clostridium XIVa had lower amounts of VAT. Up to 18.5% of the association between intake of anthocyanin-rich foods and VAT could be explained by the gut microbiome. Conclusions These novel data suggest that higher microbial diversity and abundance of specific taxa in the Clostridiales order may contribute to the association between higher intake of anthocyanins and lower abdominal adipose tissue.

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Ayoub, Aya, Ralph Akyea, Veline L’Esperance, Salma Ayis, Divya Parmar, Stevo Durbaba, Mark Fisher i in. "Determinants of lipid-lowering medication prescribing in a multi-ethnic adult population diagnosed with familial hypercholesterolaemia in South London". British Journal of General Practice 73, suppl 1 (lipiec 2023): bjgp23X734145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp23x734145.

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BackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) (prevalence 1 in 250) is an inherited condition that significantly increases risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Early diagnosis can potentially normalise cardiovascular risk with lipid-lowering medicines (statins and fibrates). Only 7% of patients with FH are identified in the UK. Improving identification, and understanding disparities in ascertainment and management, is an NHS priority.AimTo assess determinants of lipid-lowering prescribing in ethnically diverse adults with an FH code.MethodRetrospective cross-sectional analysis of Lambeth DataNet, containing anonymised adult patient data from 41 practices in South London. Stata 17 was used to run sequential multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for practice effects, to estimate the odds of no lipid-lowering prescription in FH-coded adults; this was assessed across 10 ethnic groups and other patient-level factors: demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, comorbidities, and practice factors (consultation frequency and practice list size).ResultsOne hundred and sixty-one of 801 (20%) of adults with an FH code received no lipid-lowering medication. The fully adjusted model for no lipid-lowering prescriptions showed the following associations: age (years) odds ratio (OR) 0.93 (P<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91 to 0.95), male sex OR 0.47 (P= 0.002, 95% CI = 0.29 to 0.76), diabetes OR 0.26 (P= 0.04, 95% CI = 0.70 to 0.96), hypertension OR 0.30 (P<0.01, 95% CI = 0.12 to 0.72), and frequency of GP attendance OR 0.48 (P= 0.03, 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.94). Sensitivity analyses examining determinants of high-intensity statin prescribing found similar results.ConclusionThe study suggests important determinants of lipid-lowering prescribing in an ethnically diverse adult population included older age, male sex, hypertension, and diabetes. Ethnicity showed no significant associations with lipid-lowering prescribing after adjusting for other determinants including deprivation measures.

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Trullenque-Eriksson, Anna, Cristiano Tomasi, Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Tord Berglundh, Max Petzold i Jan Derks. "Periodontitis in patients with diabetes and its association with diabetes-related complications. A register-based cohort study". BMJ Open 14, nr 7 (lipiec 2024): e087557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087557.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between type 1 diabetes (T1D)/type 2 diabetes (T2D) and periodontitis and assess the influence of periodontitis on diabetes-related complications.DesignObservational study; longitudinal analysis of register data.SettingSwedish primary care centres, hospitals and dental clinics reporting to nationwide healthcare registers (2010–2020).Participants28 801 individuals with T1D (13 022 women; mean age 42 years) and 57 839 individuals without diabetes (non-T1D; 26 271 women; mean age 43 years). 251 645 individuals with T2D (110 627 women; mean age 61 years) and 539 805 individuals without diabetes (non-T2D; 235 533 women; mean age 60 years). Diabetes and non-diabetes groups were matched for age, gender and county of residence.Main outcome measuresPrevalent periodontitis, diabetes-related complications (retinopathy, albuminuria, stroke and ischaemic heart disease) and mortality.ResultsPeriodontitis was more common among T2D (22%) than non-T2D (17%). Differences were larger in younger age groups (adjusted RR at age 30–39 years 1.92; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.03) and exacerbated by poor glycaemic control. Periodontitis prevalence was 13% in T1D and 11% in non-T1D; only the subgroup with poor glycaemic control was at higher risk for periodontitis. Periodontitis was associated with a higher incidence of retinopathy (T1D: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14; T2D: HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.10) and albuminuria (T1D: HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23; T2D: HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.11). Periodontitis was not associated with a higher risk for stroke, cardiovascular disease or higher mortality in T1D/T2D.ConclusionsThe association between T2D and periodontitis was strong and exacerbated by poor glycaemic control. For T1D, the association to periodontitis was limited to subgroups with poor glycaemic control. Periodontitis contributed to an increased risk for retinopathy and albuminuria in T1D and T2D.

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Forsgärde, Elin-Sofie, Carina Elmqvist, Bengt Fridlund, Anders Svensson, Richard Andersson i Mattias Rööst. "Patients’ aged ≥65 years dispositions during ambulance assignments, including factors associated with non-conveyance to hospital: a longitudinal and comparative study". BMJ Open 10, nr 11 (listopad 2020): e038885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038885.

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ObjectivesPatients ≥65 years old represent 30%–50% of all ambulance assignments (AAs), and the knowledge of which care level they are disposed to is limited and diverging. The aim of this study was therefore to describe and compare characteristics of patients’ aged ≥65 years dispositions during AA, including determining changes over time and factors associated with non-conveyance to hospitals.DesignA longitudinal and comparative database study.SettingAmbulance service in a Swedish region.Participants32 085 AAs with patients ≥65 years old during the years 2014, 2016 and 2018. Exclusion criteria: AAs with interhospital patient transfers and lack of patients’ dispositions data.Outcome measuresDependent factors: conveyance and non-conveyance to hospitals. Independent factors: age, sex, symptom, triage level, scene, time, day and season.ResultsThe majority (n=29 060; 90.6%) of patients’ dispositions during AA were conveyance to hospitals. In total, the most common symptoms were circulatory (n=4953; 15.5%) and respiratory (n=4529; 14.1%). A significant increase, p<0.01, of non-conveyance to hospitals was shown during 2014 and 2018, from 801 (7.8%) to 1295 (11.4%). Increasing age was associated with decreasing odds of non-conveyance, 85–89 years (OR=0.85, 95 % CI=0.72 to 0.99) and 90 years or older (OR=0.80, 95 % CI=0.68 to 0.93). Several factors were associated with non-conveyance, for example, symptoms of diabetes (OR=8.57, 95 % CI=5.99 to 12.26) and mental disorders (OR=5.71, 95 % CI=3.85 to 8.48) in comparison with infections.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates several patient characteristics, and factors associated with non-conveyance to hospitals, such as age, symptom, triage level, scene, time, day and season. The increasing non-conveyance trend highlights the importance of further studies on optimal care levels for patients ≥65 years old.

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Rundell, Sean D., Kushang V. Patel, Melissa A. Krook, Patrick J. Heagerty, Pradeep Suri, Janna L. Friedly, Judith A. Turner i in. "Multi-site Pain Is Associated with Long-term Patient-Reported Outcomes in Older Adults with Persistent Back Pain". Pain Medicine 20, nr 10 (5.01.2019): 1898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny270.

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AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of co-occurring pain sites among older adults with persistent back pain and associations of multisite pain with longitudinal outcomes.DesignSecondary analysis of a cohort study.SettingThree integrated health systems in the United States.SubjectsEight hundred ninety-nine older adults with persistent back pain.MethodsParticipants reported pain in the following sites: stomach, arms/legs/joints, headaches, neck, pelvis/groin, and widespread pain. Over 18 months, we measured back-related disability (Roland Morris, scored 0–24), pain intensity (11-point numerical rating scale), health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D [EQ-5D], utility from 0–1), and falls in the past three weeks. We used mixed-effects models to test the association of number and type of pain sites with each outcome.ResultsNearly all (N = 839, 93%) respondents reported at least one additional pain site. There were 216 (24%) with one additional site and 623 (69%) with multiple additional sites. The most prevalent comorbid pain site was the arms/legs/joints (N = 801, 89.1%). Adjusted mixed-effects models showed that for every additional pain site, RMDQ worsened by 0.65 points (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.43 to 0.86), back pain intensity increased by 0.14 points (95% CI = 0.07 to 0.22), EQ-5D worsened by 0.012 points (95% CI = –0.018 to –0.006), and the odds of falling increased by 27% (odds ratio = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.43). Some specific pain sites (extremity pain, widespread pain, and pelvis/groin pain) were associated with greater long-term disability.ConclusionsMultisite pain is common among older adults with persistent back pain. Number of pain sites was associated with all outcomes; individual pain sites were less consistently associated with outcomes.

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Church, James A., Sandra Rukobo, Margaret Govha, Benjamin Lee, Marya P. Carmolli, Bernard Chasekwa, Robert Ntozini i in. "The Impact of Improved Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on Oral Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Zimbabwean Infants: Substudy of a Cluster-randomized Trial". Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, nr 12 (29.03.2019): 2074–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz140.

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Abstract Background Oral vaccines have lower efficacy in developing compared to developed countries. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) may contribute to reduced oral vaccine immunogenicity. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized 2 × 2 factorial trial in rural Zimbabwe. Pregnant women and their infants were eligible if they lived in clusters randomized to (1) standard of care (52 clusters); (2) improved infant feeding (53 clusters); (3) WASH: ventilated improved pit latrine, 2 hand-washing stations, liquid soap, chlorine, infant play space, and hygiene counseling (53 clusters); or (4) feeding plus WASH (53 clusters). This substudy compared oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) seroconversion (primary outcome), and seropositivity and geometric mean titer (GMT) (secondary outcomes), in WASH vs non-WASH infants by intention-to-treat analysis. Results We included 801 infants with documented RVV receipt and postvaccine titer measurements (329 from 84 WASH clusters; 472 from 102 non-WASH clusters); 328 infants with prevaccination titers were included in the primary outcome. Thirty-three of 109 (30.3%) infants in the WASH group seroconverted following rotavirus vaccination, compared to 43 of 219 (19.6%) in the non-WASH group (absolute difference, 10.6% [95% confidence interval {CI}, .54%–20.7%]; P = .031). In the WASH vs non-WASH groups, 90 of 329 (27.4%) vs 107 of 472 (22.7%) were seropositive postvaccination (absolute difference, 4.7% [95% CI, –1.4% to 10.8%]; P = .130), and antirotavirus GMT was 18.4 (95% CI, 15.6–21.7) U/mL vs 14.9 (95% CI, 13.2–16.8) U/mL (P = .072). Conclusions Improvements in household WASH led to modest but significant increases in seroconversion to RVV in rural Zimbabwean infants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01824940.

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Huang, Yuling, Bin Yu, Peng Jia, Zixin Wang, Shifan Yang, Chunhua Tian, Wenhong Lai, Shujuan Yang i Han Zhu Qian. "Association between Psychological Factors and Condom Use with Regular and Nonregular Male Sexual Partners among Chinese MSM: A Quantitative Study Based on the Health Belief Model". BioMed Research International 2020 (28.09.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5807162.

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Objective. The Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) population is suffering from a high HIV infection rate owing to unprotected anal sex. The Health Belief Model (HBM) has been proven to be an effective frame associated with behavior maintenance. Based on HBM, we analyzed the beliefs associated with consistent condom use behavior with regular and nonregular partners among MSM to better provide targeted interventions and services. Methods. A study was conducted in Sichuan Province, China, from November 2018 to April 2019, and 801 eligible participants were recruited by snowball sampling. Sociodemographic characteristics, AIDS-related characteristics, sexual behaviors, condom use behavior, and dimensions of HBM were investigated. Univariate, single multivariate, and summary multivariate models were employed to analyze the factors associated with consistent condom use. Results. Of all participants, 39.1% and 53.6% had had anal sex with regular and nonregular partners in the last six months, respectively. Only 56.5% of them had used condoms consistently with regular partners, and only 60% of them had used condoms consistently with nonregular partners. When taking consistent condoms use with regular partners as the dependent variable, the dimensions of perceived threats ( ORM = 1.28 , 95% CI: 1.10, 1.49), perceived barriers ( ORM = 0.70 , 95% CI: 0.60, 0.82), self-efficacy ( ORM = 1.23 , 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32), and cues to action ( ORM = 1.21 , 95% CI: 1.02, 1.43) showed significant associations with the dependent variable. When taking consistent condoms use with nonregular partners as the dependent variable, the dimensions of perceived barriers ( ORM = 0.77 , 95% CI: 0.67, 0.89), self-efficacy ( ORM = 1.22 , 95% CI: 1.13, 1.32), and cues to action ( ORM = 1.53 , 95% CI: 1.30, 1.80) showed significant associations with the dependent variable. Conclusions. More attention should be focused on how to decrease the obstructive factors of condom use, how to improve the confidence of condom use, and how to layout more cues to action to promote consistent condom use behavior with regular and nonregular partners during anal sex among Chinese MSM.

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Andreasen, Jesper T., Anders Bach, Mikko Gynther, Arafat Nasser, Jesper Mogensen, Kristian Strømgaard i Darryl S. Pickering. "UCCB01-125, a dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, reduces inflammatory pain without disrupting cognitive or motor performance: Comparison with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801". Neuropharmacology 67 (kwiecień 2013): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.006.

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Mohsin, Raza Ul, Christian Kjer Heerfordt, Josefin Eklöf, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Mohamad Isam Saeed, Truls Sylvan Ingebrigtsen, Susanne Dam Nielsen i in. "Use of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Risk of Acquiring Haemophilus influenzae in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, nr 12 (20.06.2022): 3539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11123539.

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Background: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), despite the known risk of severe adverse effects including pulmonary infections. Research Question: Our study investigates the risk of acquiring a positive Haemophilus influenzae airway culture with use of ICS in outpatients with COPD. Study Design and Methods: We conducted an epidemiological cohort study using data from 1 January 2010 to 19 February 2018, including 21,218 outpatients with COPD in Denmark. ICS use 365 days prior to cohort entry was categorised into low, moderate, and high, based on cumulated ICS dose extracted from a national registry on reimbursed prescriptions. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the future risk of acquiring H. Influenzae within 365 days from cohort entry, and sensitivity analyses were performed using propensity score matched models. Results: In total, 801 (3.8%) patients acquired H. Influenzae during follow-up. Use of ICS was associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of acquiring H. Influenzae with hazard ratio (HR) 1.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.5, p value = 0.1) for low-dose ICS; HR 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.1, p value < 0.0001) for moderate dose; and HR 1.9 (95% CI 1.5–2.4, p value < 0.0001) for high-dose ICS compared to no ICS use. Results were confirmed in the propensity-matched model using the same categories. Conclusions: ICS use in outpatients with COPD was associated with a dose-dependent increase in risk of isolating H. Influenzae. This observation supports that high dose ICS should be used with caution.

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Azar, Ibrahim, Adam Austin, Seongho Kim, Hyejeong Jang, Malini Surapaneni, Daniel Kurtz, Omid Yazdanpanah, Amit Chopra, Syed Mehdi i Hirva Mamdani. "Cisplatin versus carboplatin for the treatment of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, nr 15_suppl (20.05.2021): 8565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.8565.

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8565 Background: Standard of care therapy for LS- SCLC is concurrent chemo-radiation (CRT) with a platinum-etoposide backbone. Cisplatin is traditionally the preferred platinum agent in the curative intent setting. Data comparing the efficacy of the less toxic carboplatin to cisplatin in LS-SCLC are lacking. Methods: Data from the National VA Cancer Cube were collected. Pathologically confirmed cases of LS-SCLC that received concurrent CRT with platinum-based multiagent chemotherapy were included. Interval-censored Weibull and Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate median overall survival (OS) and hazard ratio (HR), respectively. Survival curves were compared by a Wald test. Results: 801 LS-SCLC patients who received carboplatin-based therapy (Carbo-SCLC) and 1018 who cisplatin-based therapy (Cis-SCLC) were included in the analysis. Median OS with Carbo-SCLC and Cis-SCLC were 2.13 years (95% CI 1.97-2.31) and 2.24 years (95% CI 2.09-2.4), respectively (HR=1.04;95% CI, 0.94-1.16; p=0.46). Subset analysis showed similar median OS for Carbo-SCLC and Cis-SCLC in patients with ECOG-PS of 0, 1 and 2, as well as patients in their 50s, 60s and >70. Multivariable regression analysis accounting for age and ECOG-PS shows a HR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.86-1.14; p=0.91). Conclusions: Concurrent CRT with carboplatin-etoposide was associated with similar OS compared to cisplatin-etoposide in LS-SCLC, irrespective of PS and age. Carboplatin’s advantageous toxicity profile and comparable OS indicate that it is an acceptable choice of platinum for LS- SCLC.[Table: see text]

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Olsen, Morten, Ester Garne, Claus Sværke, Lars Søndergaard, Henrik Nissen, Henrik Ø. Andersen, Vibeke E. Hjortdal, Søren P. Johnsen i Jørgen Videbæk. "Cancer risk among patients with congenital heart defects: a nationwide follow-up study". Cardiology in the Young 24, nr 1 (18.01.2013): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112002144.

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AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess cancer risk in congenital heart defect patients, with and without Down's syndrome, compared with the general population.MethodsWe identified all patients born and diagnosed with congenital heart defects from 1977 to 2008 using the Danish National Registry of Patients, covering all Danish hospitals. We compared cancer incidence in the congenital heart defect cohort with that expected in the general population (∼5.5 million) using the Danish Cancer Registry, and computed age- and gender-standardised incidence ratios.ResultsWe identified 15,905 congenital heart defect patients, contributing a total of 151,172 person-years at risk; the maximum length of follow-up was 31 years (median 8 years). In all, 53 patients were diagnosed with cancer, including 30 female and 23 male patients (standardised incidence ratio = 1.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.22–2.13). Risks were increased for leukaemia, brain tumours, and basal cell carcinoma. After excluding 801 patients with Down's syndrome, the standardised incidence ratio was 1.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.64). In the subgroup of 5660 non-Down's syndrome patients undergoing cardiac surgery or catheter-based interventions, the standardised incidence ratio was 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 0.86–2.29).ConclusionThe overall risk of cancer among congenital heart defect patients without Down's syndrome was not statistically significantly elevated. Cancer risk in the congenital heart defect cohort as a whole, including patients with Down's syndrome, was increased compared with the general population, although the absolute risk was low. Studies with longer follow-up and more information on radiation doses are needed to further examine a potential cancer risk associated with diagnostic radiation exposure.

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Sforza, Emilia, Magali Saint Martin, Jean Claude Barthélémy i Frédéric Roche. "Is there an association between altered baroreceptor sensitivity and obstructive sleep apnoea in the healthy elderly?" ERJ Open Research 2, nr 3 (lipiec 2016): 00072–2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00072-2016.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with a rise in cardiovascular risk in which increased sympathetic activity and depressed baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS) have been proposed. We examined this association in a sample of healthy elderly subjects with unrecognised OSA.801 healthy elderly (aged ≥65 years) subjects undergoing clinical, respiratory polygraphy and vascular assessment were examined. According to the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI), the subjects were stratified into no OSA, mild–moderate OSA and severe OSA cases.OSA was present in 62% of the sample, 62% being mild–moderate and 38% severe. No differences were found for BRS value according to sex and OSA severity. 54% of the group had normal BRS value, 36% mild impairment and 10% severe dysfunction. BRS was negatively associated with body mass index (p=0.006), 24-h systolic (p=0.001) and diastolic pressure (p=0.001), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (p=0.03). Regression analyses revealed that subjects with lower BRS were those with hypertension (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24–0.81; p=0.002) and overweight (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.25–0.81; p=0.008), without the effect of AHI and ODI.In the healthy elderly, the presence of a severe BRS dysfunction affects a small amount of severe cases without effect on snorers and mild OSA. Hypertension and obesity seem to play a great role in BRS impairment.

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Goto, Takahisa, Yoshinori Nakata i Shigeho Morita. "The Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Xenon in the Elderly Is Sex-dependent". Anesthesiology 97, nr 5 (1.11.2002): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200211000-00015.

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Background The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of xenon in the elderly has not been determined. Moreover, because xenon inhibits the activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, and because N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists such as ketamine and MK-801 exert sex-dependent actions, we hypothesized that the MAC of xenon would also be sex-dependent. Methods Forty-eight patients of both sexes (24 patients of each sex), who were aged 65 yr or older and were undergoing elective laparotomy, were anesthetized with inhalational induction of xenon. Those who demonstrated marked agitation received supplemental propofol intravenously. After tracheal intubation, the end-tidal concentration of xenon was maintained at 45 (women only), 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, or 75% (men only) for at least 15 min before skin incision. These concentrations were randomly allocated to four patients of each sex. Each patient was monitored for the presence or absence of any purposeful bodily movement for 1 min following skin incision. The MAC of xenon was calculated separately for men and women using logistic regression analysis. Results The MAC of xenon was 69.3% (95% CI, 63.0-75.6%) for men and 51.1% (44.6-57.6%) for women. The two 95% confidence intervals did not overlap, indicating a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusions The MAC of xenon in the elderly is higher in men than in women.

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Skibola, Christine F., Alexandra Nieters, Paige M. Bracci, John D. Curry, Luz Agana, Danica R. Skibola, Alan Hubbard, Nikolaus Becker, Martyn T. Smith i Elizabeth A. Holly. "A functional TNFRSF5 gene variant is associated with risk of lymphoma". Blood 111, nr 8 (15.04.2008): 4348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-09-112144.

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Abstract CD40 and its ligand, CD154, are major costimulatory molecules whose interactions are important in humoral and cellular immunity. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 encoding the CD40 and CD154 proteins, respectively, influence lymphoma risk, particularly a functional TNFRSF5 SNP (−1C>T, rs1883832) associated with reduced B-cell CD40 expression. TNFRSF5 and TNFSF5 SNPs were examined in a population-based case-control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (376 cases/801 controls with DNA), and compelling findings were followed up in 2 independent populations. Pooled analyses of all 3 case-control studies (total N = 1776 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, N = 2482 controls) revealed an increased risk of follicular lymphoma (FL) associated with the TNFRSF5 −1TT genotype (odds ratio = 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4). In addition, among women, an inverse association was found between the variant A allele for a TNFSF5 6809G>A SNP and FL risk (OR = .61; 95% CI, 0.36-0.98). In genotype-phenotype studies, significantly reduced circulating soluble CD40 was observed in TNFRSF5 −1TT compared with −1CC carriers. Further, dendritic cells from those with −1TT versus −1CC genotypes exhibited lower CD40 cell surface expression. These results suggest that the TNFRSF5 −1C>T polymorphism may increase FL susceptibility through mechanisms that hinder cellular immune responses. Further studies are needed to explore these findings.

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