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Casper, David P., i Ishwary P. Acharya. "220 Evaluating LactoPlan for milk replacer inclusion as a direct fed microbial for neonatal calves". Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3.11.2020): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.269.
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Abstract LactoPlan™ is a direct fed microbial (DFM) produced by a proprietary solid-state fermentation process using an unique strain of lactobacillus plantarum which is shelf and heat-stable. The hypothesis was feeding LP will ease transitioning from milk replacer (MR) to calf starter (CS) by improving gut health, appetite, and minimize health challenges due to pathogens and stress. The objective was to evaluate LP in a MR feeding program. Sixty 2-to-5-d-old Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of three treatments using a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: 1) Control: No LP fed; 2) LP1: LP fed at 4 g/calf/d; and 3) LP2: LP fed at 8 g/calf/d. Calves were fed at 0630 and 1800 h along with free choice water and 22% CP calf starter (CS). The MR feeding phase was 42 d of the 56 d experiment. Calves fed LP2 gained more (P < 0.05) BW (33.0, 36.9 and 37.7 for Control, LP1, and LP2, respectively) than calves fed Control, with calves fed LP1 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). The 0 to 42 d (MR feeding phase) ADG (562.9, 595.9, and 655.7 g/d) and 0 to 56 d ADG (588.6, 658.4, and673.0 g/d were greater (P < 0.05) for calves fed LP2 than calves fed Control, with calves fed LP1 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). The 56 d CS intake was similar (P > 0.05) among calves fed all treatments (66.3, 69.0, and 72.5 kg/ 56 d), which resulted in greater feed efficiency (0.50, 0.53, 0.52 kg gain/kg DMI) for calves fed LP1 compared with calves fed Control, with calves fed LP2 being intermediate and similar (P > 0.05). This study demonstrates that feeding neonatal calves LP can increase growth performance and feed efficiency when fed at the appropriate inclusion rates.
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Naga Sowjanya, Ponguru, Venkata Reddy Keesara, Shashi Mesapam, Jew Das i Venkataramana Sridhar. "Climate Change Impacts on Streamflow in the Krishna River Basin, India: Uncertainty and Multi-Site Analysis". Climate 10, nr 12 (1.12.2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli10120190.
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In Peninsular India, the Krishna River basin is the second largest river basin that is overutilized and more vulnerable to climate change. The main aim of this study is to determine the future projection of monthly streamflows in the Krishna River basin for Historic (1980–2004) and Future (2020–2044, 2045–2069, 2070–2094) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively), with the help of the Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT model parameters are optimized using SWAT-CUP during calibration (1975 to 1990) and validation (1991–2003) periods using observed discharge data at 5 gauging stations. The Cordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) provides the future projections for meteorological variables with different high-resolution Global Climate Models (GCM). Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) is used to analyze the uncertainty of meteorological variables associated within the multiple GCMs for simulating streamflow. REA-projected climate parameters are validated with IMD-simulated data. The results indicate that REA performs well throughout the basin, with the exception of the area near the Krishna River’s headwaters. For the RCP 4.5 scenario, the simulated monsoon streamflow values at Mantralayam gauge station are 716.3 m3/s per month for the historic period (1980–2004), 615.6 m3/s per month for the future1 period (2020–2044), 658.4 m3/s per month for the future2 period (2045–2069), and 748.9 m3/s per month for the future3 period (2070–2094). Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, lower values of about 50% are simulated during the winter. Future streamflow projections at Mantralayam and Pondhugala gauge stations are lower by 30 to 50% when compared to historic streamflow under RCP 4.5. When compared to the other two future periods, trends in streamflow throughout the basin show a decreasing trend in the first future period. Water managers in developing water management can use the recommendations made in this study as preliminary information and adaptation practices for the Krishna River basin.
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Rivera, José María, Susana Rincón, Cherif Ben Youssef i Alejandro Zepeda. "Highly Efficient Adsorption of Aqueous Pb(II) with Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework-5: An Equilibrium and Kinetic Study". Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8095737.
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Mesoporous metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5), with the composition Zn4O(BDC)3, showed a high capacity for the adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from 100% aqueous media. After the adsorption process, changes in both morphology and composition were detected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) system, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The experimental evidence showed that Zn(II) liberation from MOF-5 structure was provoked by the water effect demonstrating that Pb(II) removal is not due to ionic exchange with Zn. A kinetic study showed that Pb(II) removal was carried out in 30 min with a behavior of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The experimental data on Pb(II) adsorption were adequately fit by both the Langmuir and BET isotherm models with maximum adsorption capacities of 658.5 and 412.7 mg/g, respectively, at pH 5 and 45°C. The results of this work demonstrate that the use of MOF-5 has great potential for applications in environmental protection, especially regarding the removal of the lead present in industrial wastewaters and tap waters.
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Emmerling, Franziska, i Caroline Röhr. "Alkalimetall-Arsenide A3As7 Und Aas (A = K, Rb, Cs). Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen, Schwingungsspektren / Alkaline Metal Arsenides A3As7 and AAs (A = K, Rb, Cs). Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopy". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, nr 9 (1.09.2002): 963–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-0901.
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The title compounds were synthesized from the elements and characterized via single crystal x-ray studies and Raman spectroscopy. In the Zintl phases A3As7 (A = K, Rb, Cs) the As atoms form nortricyclene-analogous anions As37 with As-As distances ranging from 230 to 254 pm. The three compounds crystallizewithdifferent newstructure types containing different packings of theAs7 anions:K3As7 (orthorhombic, Pbca; a=1291.9(8), b = 2544.1(9), c=1537.7(16) pm) shows a double hexagonal close packing (ABAC stacking of planes of hexagonal close packed anions), Rb3 As7 (monoclinic, P21/c, a = 757.3(5), b = 1310.2(8), c = 2692.7(18) pm , β= 91.972(12)°) hows a hexagonal close packing (AB) and the Cs compound (orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 1022.8(5), b = 1317.6(7), c = 2195.2(11) pm) a cubic close packing (ABC) (also present in theHT-forms of the three compounds) respectively. The alkaline metalmonoarsenides AAs (A = K, Rb) crystallize with the NaP structure type (A = K/Rb: orthorhombic, P212121; a = 661.7(5) / 658.1(8), b = 688.8(6) / 691.6(8), c = 1197.3(10) / 1204.7(10) pm, Z = 8) with approximate fourfold screw axes 41 of As$ chains, whereas the crystal structure of CsAs (hexagonal, P¯62m, a = 1219.7(3), c = 1046.3(2) pm, Z = 18) contains three crystallographically independent three membered rings As33 with As-As distances of 243.0 to 247.5 pm
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Lee, M. R., M. Quartern i S. Jaulmes. "New Crystal Data for Seven Molybdates MIIUMo4O16 (MII = Mg,Mn,Cd,Ca,Hg,Sr,Pb)". Powder Diffraction 3, nr 2 (czerwiec 1988): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600013361.
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AbstractSeven isotopic molybdates MIIUMo4O16 have been synthesized by solid state reaction with MII = Mg, Mn, Cd, Ca, Hg, Sr, Pb. Single crystals of CaUMo4O16 were obtained. Previously reported as triclinic, this compound is monoclinic, space group P2/n. Unit-cell parameters for the seven compounds are:MgUMo4O16: a = 11.393(2), b = 6.505(1), c = 7.918(2) Å, β = 89.81(3)°, V = 586.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.12 Mg m−3;MnUMo4O16: a = 11.413(2), b = 6.555(1), c = 8.023(1) Å, β = 89.86(2)°, V = 600.2(4)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.18 Mg m−3;CdUMo4O16: a = 11.427(2), b = 6.607(1), c = 8.144(2) Å3, β = 90.40(2)°, V = 614.8(5)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.37 Mg m−3;CaUMo4O16: a = 11.443(3), b = 6.653(2), c = 8.239(2)Å, β = 90.51(3)°, V = 627.2(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dm = 4.83(5), Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;HgUMo4O16: a = 11.439(3), b = 6.643(1), c = 8.257(2)Å, β = 90.53(3)°, V = 627.4(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 5.73 Mg m−3;SrUMo4O16: 11.465(3), b = 6.768(2), c = 8.492(2) Å, β = 90.86(3)°, V = 658.8(6)Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 4.88 Mg m−3;PbUMo4O16: a = 11.470(4), b = 6.813(2), c = 8.557(2)Å, β = 90.88(4)°, V = 668.7(8)Å3, Dx = 5.41 Mg m−3;Powder diffraction data for each phase are reported.
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Sebastian, C. P., i Rainer Pöttgen. "Structure Refinements Of REAuSn (Re = Sm, Gd, Tm)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, nr 8 (1.08.2006): 1045–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0818.
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Well-shaped single crystals of the stannides REAuSn (RE = Sm, Gd, Tm) were obtained from arc-melted ingots. The samples were investigated on the basis of X-ray powder and single crystal data: NdPtSb type, P63mc, Z = 2, a = 467.3(1), c = 748.9(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0468, BASF = 0.273(14), 273 F2 values, 12 variables for SmAuSn, a = 465.14(9), c = 742.4(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0686, 265 F2 values, 11 variables for GdAuSn, and MgAgAs type, F4̅3m, Z = 4, a = 658.54(9) pm, wR2 = 0.0384, 120 F2 values, 5 variables for TmAuSn. The [AuSn] networks in SmAuSn and GdAuSn are two-dimensional with intralayer Au-Sn distances of 278 and 277 pm in the slightly puckered Au3Sn3 hexagons, respectively. The interlayer Au-Sn distances of 308 and 302 pm are much longer. TmAuSn has a network of corner-sharing AuSn4/4 tetrahedra with Au-Sn distances of 285 pm. The thulium atoms fill octahedral sites formed by the tin atoms. The crystal chemistry of these REAuSn stannides is briefly discussed
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Ojaghi, Habib, Rahim Masoumi i Zoleikha Valizadeh. "Risk factors of pthalmia neonatorum in newborns at Ardabil city". International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, nr 1 (23.01.2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20170104.
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Background: The term ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) connotes infection of the ocular surface within the first month of life which have many risk factors. The severity of this infection varies from mild to server and even corne al perforation, panophthalmitis and blindness. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors of ON in newborns at Ardabil city.Methods: This study is a descriptive cross - sectional study that was done on 40 newborns with ON at Ardabil hospitals. Data collected by visit of newborns and completed cheklists then by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: The mean age in infant was 9±8.1 day and the mean age of mothers was 26.4±5.1; and the mean birth weight was 2597±658.6. 27 (67.5%) of infants were male and others were female. 23 (57.5%) of infant mothers had vaginal delivery and 8(20%) of infants have Prom. 24 (60%) of infants were in the first parite. Cojuctivitis was involved in 15 (37.5%) in right side, 5 (12.5%) in left side and 20 (20%) were bilateral. 25 (62.5%) of infants were term and 15 (37.5%) were preterm. 21(52.5%) of infants had history of UTI and genital infection in their mothers.Conclusions: This study showed that ophthalmia neonatoroum is a multifactorial and multilevel problem and many factors have main role in this problem and doing future studies to recognize these risk factors is necessary.
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Gou, Haoxian, Shenglu Liu, Gang Zhu, Yisheng Peng, Xinkai Li, Xiaoli Yang i Kai He. "Effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation versus transarterial chemoembolization for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis". Acta Radiologica Open 11, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 205846012210855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20584601221085514.
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Background Both transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are effective methods for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (RHCC). Thus far, it is unclear which method is more satisfactory in short- and long-term survival benefits. Purpose To compare the overall survival (OS) and complications of TACE and RFA used for the management of RHCC. Material and Methods A literature search was carried out using PubMed, the Cochrane Library and, Embase databases, and Google Scholar, keywords including “RHCC,” “TACEC,” and “RFA” with a cutoff date of 30 April 2021. Used Review Manager software was to calculate short- and long-term OS. The clinical outcomes are major complications and complete response (CR). Results Finally, nine clinical trials met the research standard, including 1326 subjects, of which 518 received RFA and 808 received TACE. The analysis showed that patients who underwent RFA had significantly higher 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (OR1-year = 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27–2.91, p = .002; OR3-year = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.30–2.08, p <.0001; OR5-year = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.34–7.72, p=.009). Besides, the patients who chose RFA had an obvious higher rate of CR than those receiving TACE (OR = 33.75, 95% CI = 1.73–658.24, p = .002). However, the major complications were consistency between these two groups. Conclusion Our study discovered that RFA had greater CR and incidence in both the short-term and long-term OS than TACE. In addition, obvious difference was not found in major complications in these two methods.
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Parra Ribes, Inmaculada, Juan José Rascón Poza, Ezequiel Pérez Campos, Ignacio Bugella Yudice i Maria Jesús Rodríguez Domingo. "Economic Burden of Contraception Management in Spain". Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research 6, nr 1 (16.04.2018): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/9785.
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Background: A wide variety of contraceptive methods are available, some of them reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). However, the number of unintended pregnancies (UP) is still significant, leading to a high economic burden, mainly derived from non-adherence to and the incorrect use of contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the economic burden associated with reversible contraception management in Spain, from the perspectives of both the SNHS and women, over a 5-year period. Methods: A survey was performed to identify contraception management in Spain based on the experience of a panel of six expert gynecologists. An economic model was conducted to quantify the current burden of contraception according to healthcare resources use over 5 years. The costs included in the analysis were diagnostic tests, initial and follow-up consultations, methods acquisition costs, and UP derived from therapy failure. Results: Reversible contraception costs in Spain amount to €12.5 billion over a 5–year period. Condoms and combined oral contraceptives (COC) account for 86.8% of the total cost and the other methods only 13.2%. There are differences in contraceptive use according to women’s age. Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) such as COC, condom and vaginal ring, are most commonly used by younger women. However, SARC are correlated with the highest failure rate, resulting in over €7.2 billion cost, explained by the high number of UP. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS20), implant and copper intrauterine devices (IUD), are selected by women over 35 years of age due to user-independent compliance. SARC methods result in a higher cost per woman over 5 years: vaginal ring €2427.8, patch €2402.6, condom €2060.1 and COC €1895.1; while LARC methods are the most economic option per women: LNG-IUS20 €630.4, copper IUD €658.2, LNG-IUS12 €703.8, intramuscular injectable €907.8 and implant €940.5. Conclusions: LARC methods result in lower costs compared with SARC options from the perspectives of the SNHS and women, explained by user-independent compliance, preventing a significant number of UP and its elevated economic burden. An increased LARC methods use could avoid UP events, leading to significant cost-savings for the SNHS.
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Gabryelska, A., D. Strzelecki i M. Sochal. "Evaluation of serotonin and serotonin transporter levels among Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients". European Psychiatry 66, S1 (marzec 2023): S265—S266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.604.
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IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent pauses in breathing during sleep leading to sleep fragmentation and further excessive daytime sleepiness. Therefore, OSA patients are at high risk of suffering from complications from psychiatric disorders. Serotonin is a known neurotransmitter and together with serotonin transporter (SERT) is involved in the development of depression and insomnia.ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate serotonin and SERT levels among OSA and healthy individuals and their association with insomnia and depression symptoms.MethodsForty individuals following polysomnography (PSG), based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), were divided into 2 groups: the OSA group (AHI30; n=20) and the control group (AHI<5; n=20). Participants filled out questionnaires: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Peripheral blood was collected in the morning after PSG. Protein concentrations were measured using ELISA. Further groups were divided into subgroups based on the standard cut-off points: without (AIS (-)) and with (AIS (+)) insomnia symptoms (AIS>5) and without (BDI (-)) and with (BDI (+)) depression symptoms BDI (BDI>19).ResultsNo differences between the OSA and control groups in serotonin (128.8 (73.4 – 209.0) vs. 132.7 (69.9 – 214.6) ng/ml, p=0.805 and SERT (55.8 (39.7 – 64.80) vs. 576.4 (424.2 – 658.3) pg/ml, p=0.564) levels were observed. In OSA group SERT level correlated with AHI (r=0.409, p=0.043), desaturation index (r=0.504, p=0.024) and mean oxygen desaturation during night (r=-0.522, p=0.018), while serotonin level was associated with BMI (r=0.550, p=0.012), but not PSG parameters. Serotonin level was higher in the AIS (+) group but only in healthy individuals. Further, serotonin levels decreased in the BDI (+) group, yet this finding was observed only in the control group.ConclusionsThe results show that serotonin levels are associated with the presence of insomnia in depression, but quite interestingly only among healthy individuals. The association between oxygen desaturation and SERT levels suggests the involvement of hypoxia in the serotonin signaling pathway. Yet further studies on larger populations are needed to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the development of psychiatric complications in OSA patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Cappelli, L., J. Perin, C. Bingham i A. Shah. "AB1499 TWO DISTINCT SUBSETS OF IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR-INDUCED INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS DEFINED BY LATENT CLASS ANALYSIS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30.05.2023): 1979.1–1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.152.
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BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can lead to immune related adverse events, including inflammatory arthritis (IA). ICI-IA is heterogeneous and can be severe, even persisting after ICI cessation. Understanding the clinical heterogeneity of ICI-IA can guide future studies of pathogenesis and identify relevant groups for clinical trials.ObjectivesTo define clinically relevant subgroups within ICI-IA using a data driven approach and to examine differences between subgroups.MethodsParticipants were >=18 years old, treated with anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and/or anti-CTLA-4 agents alone or in combination, and had ICI-IA diagnosed by a rheumatologist. We used information from the baseline rheumatology visit (patient reported symptoms, physical exam features, physician global arthritis rating, and laboratory studies) to cluster patients with latent class analysis. The Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) was used to select the number of phenotypes with the lowest BIC. We then compared demographics, cancer type and treatments, and IA treatments and outcomes between the estimated phenotypes. Next, we estimated the association between these features of interest and the likelihood of being in the group with the most severe IA symptoms using logistic regression.ResultsOf the 126 patients with ICI-IA, the majority of participants were female (56%) and white (92%). Most patients had a moderate or high level of disease activity by CDAI; the mean CDAI was 16.98 (SD 10.2). Eighteen variables were used to estimate latent classes. Two distinct phenotypes were indicated by the BIC; 61 patients are estimated to be the first phenotype and 65 the second phenotype. Participants in the second phenotype were more likely to have high baseline levels of patient reported pain, stiffness, and disease activity (Figure 1). There were no significant differences in age, gender, race, ethnicity or marital status between the two phenotype groups. Patients in phenotype 2 were more likely to require steroids as compared to patients in phenotype 1 and were more likely to have persistent IA (table 1). Type of ICI therapy, type of cancer, prior chemotherapy or radiation did not differ between the groups. When adjusted for age, gender, baseline steroid use, these variables remained significantly associated with the second phenotype.ConclusionTwo separate phenotypes of ICI-IA were determined with latent class analysis. Those in the group with more severe features at baseline were more likely to need corticosteroids and to have persistent IA, but there was no association with cancer history or treatment. Future research can interrogate underlying genetic and immunologic differences between groups.Figure 1.Predicted probabilities of features for two estimated phenotypesTable 1.Comparison of cancer features, arthritis treatment, and outcomes between estimated phenotypesPhenotype 1Phenotype 2FeatureNMean (SD) or N(%)NMean (SD) or N(%)pCancer relatedCancer type61650.263Melanoma20 (33%)21 (32%)Lung cancer14 (23%)16 (25%)GU cancer3 (5%)4 (6%)GI cancer5 (8%)12 (18%)Breast3 (5%)3 (5%)SCC7 (11%)1 (2%)Other9 (15%)8 (12%)Cancer Stage59640.64322 (3%)3 (5%)310 (17%)15 (23%)447 (80%)46 (72%)Prior radiation61650.850Yes20 (33%)20 (31%)Prior chemo57631.000Yes30 (53%)34 (54%)ICI class61650.757Ipi2 (3%)2 (3%)Anti-PD138 (62%)40 (62%)Anti-PD-L17 (11%)4 (6%)Combo ipi nivo13 (21%)15 (23%)Other0 (0%)2 (3%)Nivo/relatlimab1 (2%)2 (3%)ICI duration at baseline (months)619.4 (8.7)659.9 (10.0)0.767Inflammatory arthritis relatedSymptom duration at baseline (months)616.3 (7.7)658.0 (10.4)0.304Patient on steroids at baseline61650.544Yes14 (23%)19 (29%)Steroid (any)61650.010Yes47 (77%)61 (94%)Steroid injections in the joint since starting ICI ICIIICIimmunotherapy33360.585Yes7 (21%)10 (28%)Any csDMARd61650.135Yes17 (28%)27 (42%)other2 (12%)0 (0%)Any biologic61640.075Yes8 (13%)17 (27%)Erosions on imaging19270.635Yes3 (16%)2 (7%)Persistent >6 months after ICI stop54600.024Yes37 (69%)52 (87%)REFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsLaura Cappelli Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Jamie Perin: None declared, Clifton Bingham Grant/research support from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ami Shah Grant/research support from: Kadmon Corporation, Eicos Sciences, Medpace LLC, Arena Pharmaceuticals.
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Mikhailova, Z. D., D. V. Pivovarov i A. R. Pivovarova. "Features of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Combination with Oncological Diseases in Elderly and Senile Patients". Russian Archives of Internal Medicine 11, nr 2 (30.03.2021): 122–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2021-11-2-122-131.
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Relevance. The presence of oncological diseases, high polymorbidity in elderly and senile patients can lead to a complicated course of acute coronary syndrome, including the development of acute kidney injury and/or chronic kidney disease, which contributes to a deterioration of the immediate and long-term prognosis and an increase in mortality.The research purposes. To study the course of acute coronary syndrome depending on the presence or absence of oncological diseases in elderly and senile people and to identify clinical and laboratory-instrumental features.Materials and methods. The study included 200 patients (men — n=122 (61 %), women — n=78 (39 %), Me age — 69 (65;77) years). The patients were divided into two groups: 1) the main group — acute coronary syndrome in combination with oncological diseases (n=100) (men — n=61 (61 %), women — n=39 (39 %), Me age — 69 (65;77) years); 2) the comparison group — acute coronary syndrome without oncological diseases (n=100). The groups were formed by the copy-pair method in a ratio of 1:1 by gender and age. All patients were evaluated for anamnesis parameters, the total number of diseases, the Charlson comorbidity index, the main clinical and laboratory-instrumental parameters and the development of complications. We collected an average portion of morning urine on the first day of hospitalization to determine the content of KIM-1 (pg/ml) in 40 patients of the main group and 47 from the comparison group. We collected daily urine on the 2nd day of hospital treatment to determine the level of K+, Na+, Cl-, uric acid and albumin.The results. Patients of the main group, according to the anamnesis, were more often diagnosed with stable angina (p = 0.042), diabetic kidney disease (p = 0.017), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.013) and anemia (p = 0.008). In addition, these patients had a higher Charleson comorbidity index [8 (6; 9) and 5 (4; 6) points; p <0.001] and a total number of diseases [6 (5; 7) and 4 (3; 5); p <0.001]. Patients with oncological diseases with the development of acute coronary syndrome more often complained of shortness of breath (p=0.008) and heart rhythm disturbance (p=0.004). In patients of the main group a lower left ventricular ejection fraction was diagnosed [51.0 (44; 55) and 54 (48; 57), p=0.013]. Acute kidney injury was more frequently diagnosed in the study group than in the comparison group (p <0.001), including acute kidney injury by “basal” creatinine (p=0.005), acute kidney injury by creatinine dynamics (p=0.047), and acute kidney injury by chronic kidney disease (p=0.003). The KIM-1 leel in patients of the main group was higher [921.0 (425.1; 1314.8) and 658.0 (345.6; 921.4) pg/ml; p=0.011]. In patients with acute kidney injury, in contrast to patients without acute kidney injury, a higher level of KIM-1 was detected [999.2 (480.8;1314.1) and 663.1 (360.5;905.2) pg/ml; p=0.008]. Patients with acute coronary syndrome and oncological diseases in the hospital were more likely to develop urgent complications (p=0.005), including death (p=0.024) and acute heart failure (p <0.001). They also had a higher incidence of early post-infarction angina (p=0.018) and anemia (p=0.005).Conclusions. Our study found that patients in the main group had a higher Charlson comorbidity index, a greater number of diseases, including stable angina, diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and anemia. These patients with the development of acute coronary syndrome more often complained of shortness of breath and heart rhythm disturbance. Patients with oncological diseases were more often diagnosed with acute kidney damage, including “basal” creatinine, creatinine dynamics, and chronic kidney disease. The level of KIM-1 in the urine was higher in this group of patients. Patients of the main group in the hospital were more likely to develop urgent complications, including acute heart failure and death. There was also a high incidence of early post-infarction angina and anemia.
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Cannioto, Rikki, Evan Davis, Karen Hulme, Chi-Chen Hong, Carol DeNysschen, Tracey O'Connor i Christine Ambrosone. "Abstract 2246: The impact of a waitlist control group on physical activity level in the activity after cancer treatment exercise oncology randomized pilot study". Cancer Research 84, nr 6_Supplement (22.03.2024): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2246.
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Abstract Background: In randomized clinical trials, control conditions such as blinding are essential for mitigating threats to validity. In exercise oncology trials, researchers are unable to blind participants to randomization, which may confer unintended consequences (i.e., crossover or dropout) that may threaten validity. Despite prior suggestions that a waitlist control is optimal for lessening these consequences, to date there is little agreement concerning control conditions in exercise oncology. Further, the use of a waitlist control is complicated by concerns regarding the ethical implications of instructing participants to delay healthy behavior change. Herein, we leveraged data from the Activity after Cancer Treatment (ACT) study to evaluate the impact of randomization to a waitlist control group on objectively assessed physical activity (PA) levels in breast cancer (BC) survivors. Methods: The ACT Study (PI: Ambrosone) was a 12-week, four-arm pilot study at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. Participants included 37 BC survivors who were randomized to either a waitlist control group (n=10), or one of three exercise interventions of varying intensities including home-based walking (n=9), home-based Zumba (n=9), or a supervised high-intensity interval training treadmill protocol (n=9) delivered by study personnel at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. The waitlist group was asked to maintain their usual PA during the 12-week intervention. All participants received weekly phone calls to optimize engagement and ensure Fitbit data were properly synced. For the current analysis, the primary analytic exposure was randomization assignment (control or active intervention); the analytic outcomes included steps/day, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes/week and total active minutes/week as measured by the Fitbit Charge 2. ANOVA was used to assess mean group differences in steps and active minutes. Results: At study conclusion, the control group accumulated significantly fewer steps/day [6,087 (±1,353)] than the active intervention groups [8,729 (±2,585), p=0.0003]. The control group also accumulated significantly fewer MVPA minutes/week [146.2 (±114.9) vs. 264.1 (±192.3), p=0.045] and total active minutes/week [1,478 (±291.0) vs. 1,976.8 (±658.6), p=0.003] in comparison to the active intervention groups, respectively. Conclusions: BC survivors randomized to active intervention accumulated significantly more steps, MVPA and total active minutes than the waitlist group. Although the waitlist was effective for minimizing PA relative to the active arms, waitlisted participants exceeded the national step average of 4800 steps/day by 1200 steps and nearly met the minimum PA recommendation of 150 minutes of MVPA/week, potentially assuaging ethical or public health concerns regarding the delay of health-seeking behavior. Citation Format: Rikki Cannioto, Evan Davis, Karen Hulme, Chi-Chen Hong, Carol DeNysschen, Tracey O'Connor, Christine Ambrosone. The impact of a waitlist control group on physical activity level in the activity after cancer treatment exercise oncology randomized pilot study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2246.
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Ravandi, Farhad, Susan O'Brien, Rebecca Garris, Stefan H. Faderl, Deborah A. Thomas, Jan A. Burger, Alessandra Ferrajoli, Elias Jabbour, Jorge E. Cortes i Hagop M. Kantarjian. "Final Report Of Single-Center Study Of Chemotherapy Plus Dasatinib For The Initial Treatment Of Patients With Philadelphia-Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia". Blood 122, nr 21 (15.11.2013): 3914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3914.3914.
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Abstract Background The dual Src and Abl inhibitor dasatinib has significant in vitro kinase inhibition against wild-type and mutant BCR-ABL, and significant clinical activity in patients with imatinib-resistant lymphoid blast phase CML (CML-LB) and Philadelphia-chromosome positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Aim To determine the long-term efficacy of the combination of the hyperCVAD regimen with dasatinib for treating patients with Ph+ ALL. Methods In this phase II trial, patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL received dasatinib 50 mg po bid (or 100 mg daily) for the first 14 days of each of 8 cycles of alternating hyperCVAD and high dose cytarabine and methotrexate (induction/consolidation cycles). After 42 patients, the protocol was amended to give dasatinib 100 mg daily in the first 14 days of the first cycle and then 70 mg daily continuously from the second cycle. Patients in complete remission (CR) continued to receive maintenance dasatinib 50 mg po bid (or 100 mg daily) and vincristine and prednisone monthly for 2 years followed by dasatinib indefinitely. Patients eligible for allogeneic stem cell transplant proceeded to it in first CR. Results 63 patients with untreated Ph+ ALL and 9 patients with 1 or 2 prior cycles of chemotherapy (before Ph+/BCR-ABL+ status was known) have been enrolled in the study from September 2006 to March 2012. Patients have received a median of 6 cycles (range 1-8) of induction/consolidation. Median age is 55 years (range 21 – 80); 46 patients were older than 50 years, Median WBC at diagnosis was 12 x 109/L (range, 0.4 - 658.1 x 109/L). Ten patients had CNS involvement at presentation. All patients are evaluable for assessment of response to induction; 69 (96%) achieved CR after first cycle or were CR at start. 3 patients died before response assessment from infections. 57 of 69 (83%) evaluable patients achieved cytogenetic (CG) CR after 1 cycle; 5 had a major CG response (4 had 5% and one had 15% Ph+), 2 had insufficient metaphases, and 5 are unknown (no CG exam on day 21 marrow). To date, 45 patients (65%) have achieved complete molecular remission (CMR) and another 19 (28%) have achieved a major (but not complete) molecular response (MMR) at a median of 4 weeks from initiation of treatment (range, 2 – 38 weeks). Minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry is negative in 65 (94 %) patients at a median of 3 weeks (range, 2-37 weeks). The median time to neutrophil and platelet recovery for cycle 1 is 18 and 22 days and for subsequent cycles is 15 and 20 days. Grade 3 and 4 adverse events have included bleeding (GI, GU, soft tissue and subdural hematomas), pleural effusions, pericardial effusions, reversible rise in creatinine, deep vein thromboses, pulmonary emboli, as well as diarrhea, infections, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia, and elevated transaminases. With a median follow up of 48 months in the surviving patients (range 16.5 - 81.5), 36 patients (50%) are alive and 31 (43%) are in CR. Twelve patients have undergone an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Thirty six patients have died [3 at induction, 16 after relapse, 7 post stem cell transplant performed in CR1, and 10 in CR (6 from infections, 1 from unrelated cardiac event, 1 from unrelated cancer, and 2 from an unknown cause)]. The median disease free survival is 31 months (range, 0.3 to 81) and the median overall survival is 44 months (range, 0.2 to 82). Twenty-one patients have relapsed with a median response duration of 16 months (range, 5 - 62) and 16 of them have died. In 6 patients morphological relapse was preceded by flow and molecular relapse. Six relapsed patients had ABL mutations (4 T315I, 1 F359V, and 1 V299L). Conclusion Combination of chemotherapy with dasatinib is effective in achieving long term remissions in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. Disclosures: Ravandi: Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Research Funding. Off Label Use: Use of dasatinib for the frontline therapy of Ph+ ALL. O'Brien:Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Jabbour:Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria. Cortes:Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding. Kantarjian:Bristol Myers Squibb: Research Funding.
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Zhao, Xin, Jian-feng Liu, Xin Su, De-yong Long, Cai-hua Sang, Ri-bo Tang, Rong-Hui Yu i in. "Direct autotransfusion in the management of acute pericardial tamponade during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: An imperfect but practical method". Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 9 (23.09.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.984251.
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BackgroundAcute pericardial tamponade (APT) is one of the most serious complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF-CA). Direct autotransfusion (DAT) is a method of reinjecting pericardial blood directly into patients through vein access without a cell-salvage system. Data regarding DAT for APT are rare and provide limited information. Our present study aims to further investigate the safety and feasibility of DAT in the management of APT during the AF-CA procedure.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively reviewed 73 cases of APT in the perioperative period of AF-CA from January 2014 to October 2021 at our institution, among whom 46 were treated with DAT. All included patients successfully received emergency pericardiocentesis through subxiphoid access guided by X-ray. Larger volumes of aspirated pericardial blood (658.4 ± 545.2 vs. 521.2 ± 464.9 ml), higher rates of bridging anticoagulation (67.4 vs. 37.0%), and surgical repair (6 vs. 0) were observed in patients with DAT than without. Moreover, patients with DAT were less likely to complete AF-CA procedures (32/46 vs. 25/27) and had a lower incidence of APT first presented in the ward (delayed presentation) (8/46 vs. 9/27). There was no difference in major adverse events (death/disseminated intravascular coagulation/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and clinical thrombosis) (0/0/1/0 vs. 1/0/0/0), other potential DAT-related complications (fever/infection and deep venous thrombosis) (8/5/2 vs. 5/3/1), and length of hospital stay (11.4 ± 11.6 vs. 8.3 ± 4.7 d) between two groups.ConclusionDAT could be a feasible and safe method to deal with APT during AF-CA procedure.
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Song, Zhen, Xulong Zhang, Yihao Xu, Jianjun You, Huan Wang, Ruobing Zheng, Le Tian, Junsheng Guo i Fei Fan. "The Immediate Contraction of the Expanded Forehead Flap". Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, 29.08.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000009689.
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Introduction: Flaps contract immediately after harvest, which added difficulty to flap design. This study aims to investigate the immediate contraction rate of the expanded forehead flap used in nasal reconstruction. Methods: Patients undergoing nasal reconstruction with expanded forehead flaps from September 2021 to January 2023 were included. Objective measurements of the pedicle width, maximum width, maximum length, and flap size of the expanded forehead flap before and after harvest were conducted. Results: Fourteen patients, including 9 males and 5 females, were included. The average expansion period was 4.6 months, and the mean injection volume was 658.6 ml. The average retraction rate of pedicle width, maximum width, maximum length, and size of the flap after harvest were 16.15%, 30.26%, 26.86%, and 50.89%, respectively. Conclusion: This study presents the contraction rate of the expanded forehead flap used for nasal reconstruction. The data from the measurement will help surgeons to design the expanded forehead flap. Level of Evidence: Level—Level IV
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E., Krithika, i Raajeswari, P. A. "Development and Evaluation of Vegan Egg using Soya Beans as Key Ingredient". Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 1.02.2022, 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2021.58.s3.28414.
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Vegan diet is important for health and prevents many diseases. Egg contains the protein of highest biological value. Approximately the nutritional composition of one egg is 75 calories but 7 g of high quality protein, 5 g of fat and 1.6 g of saturated fat, along with iron, vitamins, minerals and carotenoids. Interest in alternative protein sources to those derived from animal, soya and wheat is on the rise. Pulses are rich in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals are low in fat. Soya bean pods generally contain one to three seeds within each one. The size of the soya seed ranges from 5-11 mm and seed weight from 120-180 mg/seed. They are generally a rich source of protein and filled with polyunsaturated fatty acids. With this background the present study was undertaken with the following objectives of developing a standardized vegan egg from a high protein source (soybean) to replace the egg protein. This study expounds developing techniques of vegan egg and preparing recipes for evaluation. The property of the selected protein source ensures the viscosity of the Vegan Egg developed. The soya bean vegan egg contains 658.3 kcal of energy, 35.5 g of carbohydrates, 63.3 g of protein, 29.1 mg of total fat, zero cholesterol, 483.3 mg of calcium, 525 mg of phosphorus, 108 mg of sodium, 1 mg of vitamin E and 0.30 mg of vitamin B6. Based on the type of flour used, the vegan egg is used for the suitable recipes. The study expounds developing techniques of vegan egg and preparing recipes for evaluation.
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Ribes, Immaculata, Juan Poza, Ezequiel Campos, Ignacio Tunic i Maria Domingo. "Economic Burden of Contraception Management in Spain". Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 16.04.2018, 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36469/jheor.2018.9785.
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Background: A wide variety of contraceptive methods are available, some of them reimbursed by the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). However, the number of unintended pregnancies (UP) is still significant, leading to a high economic burden, mainly derived from non-adherence to and the incorrect use of contraceptive methods. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the economic burden associated with reversible contraception management in Spain, from the perspectives of both the SNHS and women, over a 5-year period. Methods: A survey was performed to identify contraception management in Spain based on the experience of a panel of six expert gynecologists. An economic model was conducted to quantify the current burden of contraception according to healthcare resources use over 5 years. The costs included in the analysis were diagnostic tests, initial and follow-up consultations, methods acquisition costs, and UP derived from therapy failure. Results: Reversible contraception costs in Spain amount to €12.5 billion over a 5–year period. Condoms and combined oral contraceptives (COC) account for 86.8% of the total cost and the other methods only 13.2%. There are differences in contraceptive use according to women’s age. Short-acting reversible contraceptives (SARC) such as COC, condom and vaginal ring, are most commonly used by younger women. However, SARC are correlated with the highest failure rate, resulting in over €7.2 billion cost, explained by the high number of UP. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC), such as the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS20), implant and copper intrauterine devices (IUD), are selected by women over 35 years of age due to user-independent compliance. SARC methods result in a higher cost per woman over 5 years: vaginal ring €2427.8, patch €2402.6, condom €2060.1 and COC €1895.1; while LARC methods are the most economic option per women: LNG-IUS20 €630.4, copper IUD €658.2, LNG-IUS12 €703.8, intramuscular injectable €907.8 and implant €940.5. Conclusions: LARC methods result in lower costs compared with SARC options from the perspectives of the SNHS and women, explained by user-independent compliance, preventing a significant number of UP and its elevated economic burden. An increased LARC methods use could avoid UP events, leading to significant cost-savings for the SNHS.
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Xu, Peng, Katherine A. Schiermeyer, John J. Gildea, Hanh T. Tran, Robert M. Carey i Robin A. Felder. "Abstract P336: Excreted Living Renal Proximal Tubule Cells (RPTC) Demonstrate Increased Sodium and Bicarbonate Transport in Inverse Salt Sensitive Individuals Using a Patch Clamp Instrument". Hypertension 70, suppl_1 (wrzesień 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.70.suppl_1.p336.
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In our previous clinical studies of salt sensitivity of blood pressure, we have demonstrated that approximately 11% of study participants have a paradoxical increase in ≥7mm of Hg blood pressure on a low NaCl diet (5 meq/day) vs a high NaCl diet (300 meq/day). We define these participants as having inverse salt sensitivity (ISS) while salt resistant (SR) participants demonstrate ≤7mm Hg. RPTCs from 2 ISS and 2 salt resistance (SR) participants were patch clamped and ramp currents were recorded using a voltage ramp protocol from -100 to +45 mV within 200 ms in at least 5 experiments for each cell line. Activity of sodium transporters was probed by exchanging an 80 mM Na + with a 140 mM Na + buffer. Na + transport was significantly increased during the low salt to high salt exchange (ISS1: 80mM Na+ 90.6 ± 17.78 pA VS 140 mM Na, 192.8 ± 47.67 pA, n=9, P<0.05 paired t-test; ISS2: 126.5 ± 41.14 pA VS 198.3 ± 47.45 pA, n=6 P<0.05 paired t-test). The fold change in current from 80 to 140 mm Na + buffer in ISS cells was significantly increased when compared to salt resistant (SR) (normal) participants indicating ISS cells have more sodium channel activity than SR cells (ISS 2.07 ± 0.01, n=2 VS SR 1.3 ± 0.1, n=2, P<0.05, t-test). Activity of bicarbonate transporters was probed by exchanging 25mM Na gluconate with 25mM NaHCO3. A similar trend was found for bicarbonate transport which showed increased current when we exchanged the Na + gluconate to NaHCO3, while SR cells didn’t show any difference when switching Na + gluconate to NaHCO3 (ISS1: Gluconate 461.5 ± 226.6 pA VS 1932 ± 658.7 pA, n=8, P<0.05 paired t-test; ISS2: 284.1 ± 83.02 pA VS 1102 ± 295.4 pA, n=6, P<0.05 paired t-test; SR1: 144.1 ± 20.93 pA VS 164.7 ± 27.22 pA, n=12; SR2: 256.5 ± 38.67 pA VS 277.8 ± 38.16 pA, n=5). Comparing bicarbonate / gluconate ratios, ISS cells demonstrated an increased ratio over the SR cells (ISS 8.65 ± 2.35, n=2 VS SR 1.11 ± 0.01, n=2, p=0.08) indicating a sodium bicarbonate transporter is hyperactive in ISS cells. Many transporters can be contribute to ISS, therefore we will selectively silence the sodium and bicarbonate transporters to determine which one(s) contribute to the etiology of ISS which then could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Arvat, E., J. Ramunni, J. Bellone, L. Di Vito, C. Baffoni, F. Broglio, R. Deghenghi, E. Bartolotta i E. Ghigo. "The GH, prolactin, ACTH and cortisol responses to Hexarelin, a synthetic hexapeptide, undergo different age-related variations". European Journal of Endocrinology, 1.12.1997, 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1370635.
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Hexarelin (HEX) is a synthetic growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP) which acts on specific receptors at both the pituitary and the hypothalamic level to stimulate GH release in an age-dependent manner. Like other GHRPs, HEX possesses also prolactin (PRL) and ACTH/cortisol-releasing activity. similar to that of human corticotropin-releasing hormone (hCRH). The mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of GHRPs on lactotrope and corticotrope secretion are even less clear and the influence of age on these endocrine activities of GHRPs is unknown. To clarify this point we studied the GH, PRL, ACTH and cortisol responses to the maximal effective dose of HEX (2.0 micrograms/kg i.v.) in: 12 prepubertal children (Pre-C, 8 male, 4 female, age 5.8-12.1 years); 12 pubertal normal short children (Pub-C, 5 male, 7 female, age 9.7-15.5 years, pubertal stage II-IV); 20 normal young adults (Young, 6 males, 14 females, age 23-32 years); and in 16 normal elderly people (Elderly, 5 male, 11 female, age 66-81 years). The GH response to HEX was clear in Pre-C (0-120 min area under curve, mean +/- S.E.M. 769.5 +/- 122.2 micrograms*min/l) but strikingly increased (P < 0.001) in Pub-C (1960.2 +/- 283.5 micrograms*min/l). The HEX-induced GH rise in Young (1829.7 +/- 243.1 micrograms*min/l) persisted similar to that in Pub-C, but decreased in Elderly (951.1 +/- 232.9 micrograms*min/I, P < 0.005); the latter was, in turn, similar to that in Pre-C. HEX induced a significant PRL increase which, however, showed no age-related variations, being similar in Pre-C (512.1 +/- 88.0 micrograms*min/l), Pub-C (584.0 +/- 106.0 micrograms*min/l), Young (554.9 +/- 56.0 micrograms*min/l) and Elderly (523.9 +/- 59.6 micrograms*min/l). The ACTH-releasing activity of HEX was present in Pre-C (1356.6 +/- 204.9 pg*min/ml) and was clearly enhanced (P < 0.02) in Pub-C (2253.5 +/- 242.8 pg*min/ml). The ACTH rise after HEX in Young (1258.1 +/- 141.2pg*min/ml) was lower (P < 0.02) than that in Pub-C and similar to that in Pre-C, while the ACTH response to HEX in Elderly (1786.5 +/- 340.1 pg*min/ml) showed a further trend toward increase, being similar to that in Pub-C. On the other hand, the cortisol response to HEX showed no significant age-related variations, being not different in Pre-C (7747.2 +/- 1031.6 micrograms*min/l), Pub-C (6106.0 +/- 862.9 micrograms*min/l), Young (6827.5 +/- 509.6 micrograms*min/I) and Elderly (7950.6 +/- 658.3 micrograms*min/l). In conclusion, our present data demonstrate that in humans the GH- and ACTH-releasing activities of HEX undergo different age-related variations, while its PRL-releasing activity is not dependent on age. These finding suggest that actions at different levels and/or on different receptor subtypes mediate the different age-related hormonal effects of GHRPs.
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Graca Santos, L., R. Ladeiras-Lopes, N. Ferreira, R. Faria, W. Ferreira, M. Carvalho i P. Braga. "Is coronary computed tomography angiography a good choice for elders and high probability cases?" European Heart Journal 41, Supplement_2 (1.11.2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1375.
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Abstract Introduction Coronary computed tomography angiography (cCTA) is widely considered the optimal non-invasive test to rule out coronary artery disease (CAD) and the gatekeeper for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). However, its diagnostic utility in elderly patients (pts) and in cases of high pre-test probability (PTP) is still questioned. Aim To determine whether older age and high PTP are correlated with non-diagnostic cCTA scans in pts with suspected chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Methods Single-centre retrospective study of 302 pts with suspected CAD assigned to two groups: (A) 207 pts aged ≥70 years (y); (B) 95 aged <70y. Younger pts were randomly selected from our database. We excluded pts with known history of CAD and suspected acute coronary syndrome. A 192x2 dual-source CT equipment was used. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were collected as well as scan features and findings. We defined high PTP according to clinical Morise score. Our endpoint was the obtention of diagnostic scan (all segments evaluable). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the determinants of non-diagnostic scans. We used SPSS Statistics 22 for statistical analysis. Results Overall, mean age was 68±9y and 53% were male. Elderly pts presented more co-morbidities (hypertension: 78.3 vs 54.7%, p<0.01; hyperlipidaemia: 69.1 vs 52.6%, p<0.01; pulmonary disease: 13.0 vs 4.2%, p=0.02) and high PTP more frequently (16.9 vs 6.3%, p<0.01). Total coronary calcium score (CaS) was higher in elderly pts (382.7±658.7 vs 243.5±490.8, p=0.04); per-vessel, both left anterior descending (156.7±254.2 vs 92.2±187.8, p=0.01) and left circumflex (LCX) arteries (65.5±131.3 vs 26.8±67.6, p<0.01) showed higher CaS in the elderly. Multiple calcified plaques (≥5) were also more common in this group (60.4 vs 45.3%, p=0.01). However, the proportion of pts with CaS considered prohibitive for angiography (13.5 vs 7.4%; p=0.12) and calcium blooming artefacts impairing interpretation (14.5 vs 12.5%; p=0.65) did not differ. A diagnostic study was more frequently obtained in younger pts but without reaching statistical significance (69.1 vs 76.8%; p=0.17). Obstructive CAD was equally identified (30.3 vs 30.4%; p=0.92) with a respective per-patient accuracy of 68.4% (13/19) and 57.1% (8/14) comparing with ICA when performed. Multivariate analysis showed that LCX CaS ≥75th percentile and multiple calcified plaques (≥5) were associated with non-diagnostic cCTA scan (Figure 1). High PTP (p=0.83) and age ≥70y (p=0.61) were not associated with the endpoint. Conclusion In this comparison study of elderly and young pts undergoing cCTA for suspected CCS, age ≥70y and high PTP were not associated with non-diagnostic tests while multiple calcified lesions and severe LCX calcification predicted inconclusive studies. Our results cast hope on the applicability of cCTA to elderly pts and cases with high PTP, although larger studies are required. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
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Li, Yu, Jin Li, Yaojun Hu, Ke Wang, Hongxia Yuan, Bingjian Sun, Hong-Lian Li i Bin Lei. "Occurrence of Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus coffeae on Corn in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China". Plant Disease, 22.04.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-21-1988-pdn.
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Pratylenchus coffeae Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941, is one of the most important root-lesion nematodes (RLN) parasitizing many agronomic and industrial crops (Wang et al. 2021). Corn (Zea mays L.) is one economically important crop in China, with 35 million hectares cultivated annually (Li et al. 2019). In July 2019, a survey of RLN was carried out in corn field planting with cultivar Heyu 187 in Chuanba village in Qitai County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Five root/soil samples were collected from poor growing plants with distinct brown lesions. Nematodes were extracted from the collected root/soil samples with the modified Baermann funnel method (Hooper et al. 2005). The average of 157 RLN per 100 cm3 of soil and 43 RLN per gram of fresh root were extracted. The obtained RLN were sterilized with 0.3% streptomycin sulfate and cultured on carrot disks at 25°C. Twenty petri dishes with carrot disks, each inoculated with one female. The morphological and molecular characteristics of RLN cultured on carrot disks were examined for species identification. Morphological measurements of adult females (n=15) included body length (range = 529.0 to 658.0 μm, mean = 571.0 μm), head with two lip annuli, stylet (15.5 to 17.0 μm, 16.0 μm), tail length (27.5 to 32.5 μm, 30.5 μm), a (23.8 to 32.9, 28.5), b (5.8 to 7.1, 6.5), c (16.5 to 23.4, 18.9), and V (76.6 to 83.1%, 80.8%). Morphological measurements of adult males (n=15) were body length (range = 479.5 to 568.0 μm, mean = 516.0 μm), head with two lip annuli, stylet (14.5 to 15.5 μm, 15.0 μm), tail length (24.0 to 29.0 μm, 26.0 μm), spicule length (16.4 to 19.0 μm, 17.5 μm), gubernaculum length (4.4 to 5.3 μm, 4.9 μm), a (29.2 to 32.5, 31.0), b (5.7 to 6.9, 6.2), and c (18.2 to 22.6, 19.8). The morphological characters of this population are consistent with the description of P. coffeae (Castillo and Vovlas, 2007). Nematode DNA was extracted from an individual female. The primers of D2A/D3B (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGTTG-3′/5′-TCGGAAGGAACCAGCTACTA-3′) (Subbotin et al. 2006) and 18S/26S (5'-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3' / 5'-TTTCACTCGCCGTTACTAAGG-3') (Vrain et al. 1992) were used to amplify the D2/D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, respectively. The PCR products were purified and transformed to E. coli strain DH5α, and then sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The obtained sequences of the D2/D3 region (793 bp) and the ITS region (1,242 bp) were submitted to GenBank, and the accession numbers for D2/D3 region were OK103614 and OK103619 which had 98.6% and 100% identity with the reported P. coffeae sequences (KC490925); the two obtained ITS sequences accession numbers OK103603 and OK103613) had more than 99% identity with published P. coffeae sequences from GenBank (e.g., LC030410, LC030395, MH134508 and LC030380). Hence, both morphological and molecular data demonstrated the presence of P. coffeae. To further confirm reproduction on corn, the obtained RLN population was used to inoculate corn plants in 2-liter pots containing 1.8-liter sterilized and mixed soil with 2 pastoral soil: 1 substrate in greenhouse at 27°C. About 15 days after sowing, each pot with one corn plant (cv. Heyu 187) with the same growth status was selected to inoculate P. coffeae. Five small holes near the roots were made using a glass rod. Approximately 1,000 mixed stage nematodes of P. coffeae were then pipetted into the holes of each plant. Eight replications were performed. Eight additional pots of uninoculated corn plants were used as control. After 2 months, corn roots were washed and brown lesions were observed on roots. The average number of RLN/pot was approximately 5,030 in soil and 2,870 in roots, and each pot had an average of 7.9 reproduction factors (final population/initial population), indicating that this nematode population infects and reproduces well on this corn cultivar. No nematodes and symptoms was detected in the control pot. The nematode of P. coffeae has only been reported on corn in Guangdong, Liaoning, Shangdong and Henan Provinces in China (Liu et al. 1996; Liu et al. 2001; Xia et al. 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. coffeae infecting corn in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Since RLN can cause considerable damage to corn, one of the most important food crops produced in China, strategic measures should be taken to prevent the spread of P. coffeae to other regions.