Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „5G wireless gateway”

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1

Zaman, Rafi U., Humaira M. Alam, Khaleel Ur Rahman Khan i A. Venugopal Reddy. "Improvement of Adaptive Load Balanced Gateway Discovery Protocol in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET". International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 11, nr 3 (27.04.2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v11i3.6706.

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<p class="0abstract">Internetworking of different types of networks is envisaged as one of the primary objectives of the future 5G networks. Integrated Internet-MANET is a heterogeneous networking architecture which is the result of interconnecting wired Internet and wireless MANET. Multiprotocol gateways are used to achieve this interconnection. There are two types of Integrated Internet-MANET architectures, two-tier and three-tier. A combination of two-tier and three tier architectures also exists, called the Hybrid Framework or Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET. Some of the most important issues common to all Integrated Internet-MANET architecture are: efficient gateway discovery, mobile node registration and gateway load balancing. Adaptive WLB-AODV is an existing protocol which addresses the issues of Gateway load balancing and efficient Gateway discovery. In this paper, an improvement is proposed to Adaptive WLB-AODV, called Adaptive Modified-WLV-AODV by taking into account route latency. The proposed protocol has been implemented in Hybrid Integrated Internet-MANET and has been simulated using network simulation tool ns-2. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed protocol delivers better performance than the existing protocol in terms of performance metrics end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio. The performance of the proposed protocol is further optimized using a genetic algorithm.</p>
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2

S, Francis Shamili. "EMPOWERING FUTURE BUILDINGS WITH IOT AND 5G TECHNOLOGY". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, nr 05 (20.05.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem34194.

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In the realm of smart buildings, the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology has unlocked unprecedented opportunities for enhanced building management, efficiency, and sustainability. This project endeavors to harness the potential of IoT sensors and actuators, including LDR, DHT, gas and smoke sensors, PIR, HVAC, lights, servo motors, buzzers, and displays, integrated with Arduino Nano microcontrollers. These microcontrollers serve as end nodes, orchestrating sensor data collection and actuator control. The data collected is transmitted to a gateway device, an ESP32 microcontroller, which interfaces with a wireless Wi-Fi router for connectivity. Leveraging the ThingSpeak platform, the gateway transmits data to the cloud, facilitating real-time monitoring and analysis. This system promises to revolutionize building management by enabling remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, energy optimization, and enhanced occupant comfort and safety. Through rigorous testing and optimization, this project aims to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of IoT and 5G technology integration in empowering future building infrastructures. Keywords— Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC),Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), (Digital Humidity and Temperature(DHT)
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Raithatha, Mital, Aizaz U. Chaudhry, Roshdy H. M. Hafez i John W. Chinneck. "A Fast Heuristic for Gateway Location in Wireless Backhaul of 5G Ultra-Dense Networks". IEEE Access 9 (2021): 43653–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3062655.

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Saxena, Navrati, Abhishek Roy, Bharat J. R. Sahu i HanSeok Kim. "Efficient IoT Gateway over 5G Wireless: A New Design with Prototype and Implementation Results". IEEE Communications Magazine 55, nr 2 (luty 2017): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2017.1600437cm.

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Wang, Mu, Nurullah Karakoc, Lorenzo Ferrari, Prateek Shantharama, Akhilesh S. Thyagaturu, Martin Reisslein i Anna Scaglione. "A Multi-Layer Multi-Timescale Network Utility Maximization Framework for the SDN-Based LayBack Architecture Enabling Wireless Backhaul Resource Sharing". Electronics 8, nr 9 (26.08.2019): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8090937.

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With the emergence of small cell networks and fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks, the backhaul becomes increasingly complex. This study addresses the problem of how a central SDN orchestrator can flexibly share the total backhaul capacity of the various wireless operators among their gateways and radio nodes (e.g., LTE enhanced Node Bs or Wi-Fi access points). In order to address this backhaul resource allocation problem, we introduce a novel backhaul optimization methodology in the context of the recently proposed LayBack SDN backhaul architecture. In particular, we explore the decomposition of the central optimization problem into a layered dual decomposition model that matches the architectural layers of the LayBack backhaul architecture. In order to promote scalability and responsiveness, we employ different timescales, i.e., fast timescales at the radio nodes and slower timescales in the higher LayBack layers that are closer to the central SDN orchestrator. We numerically evaluate the scalable layered optimization for a specific case of the LayBack backhaul architecture with four layers, namely a radio node (eNB) layer, a gateway layer, an operator layer, and central coordination in an SDN orchestrator layer. The coordinated sharing of the total backhaul capacity among multiple operators lowers the queue lengths compared to the conventional backhaul without sharing among operators.
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6

Lialios, Dimitrios I., Nikolaos Ntetsikas, Konstantinos D. Paschaloudis, Constantinos L. Zekios, Stavros V. Georgakopoulos i George A. Kyriacou. "Design of True Time Delay Millimeter Wave Beamformers for 5G Multibeam Phased Arrays". Electronics 9, nr 8 (18.08.2020): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081331.

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Millimeter wave (mm-Wave) technology is likely the key enabler of 5G and early 6G wireless systems. The high throughput, high capacity, and low latency that can be achieved, when mm-Waves are utilized, makes them the most promising backhaul as well as fronthaul solutions for the communication between small cells and base stations or between base stations and the gateway. Depending on the channel properties different communication systems (e.g., beamforming and MIMO) can accordingly offer the best solution. In this work, our goal is to design millimeter wave beamformers for switched beam phased arrays as hybrid beamforming stages. Specifically, three different analog beamforming techniques for the frequency range of 27–33 GHz are presented. First, a novel compact multilayer Blass matrix is proposed. Second, a modified dummy-ports free, highly efficient Rotman lens is introduced. Finally, a three-layer true-time-delay tree topology inspired by microwave photonics is presented.
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7

Balan, Titus, Dan Robu i Florin Sandu. "Multihoming for Mobile Internet of Multimedia Things". Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6965028.

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Mobility, redundancy, and bandwidth requirements are transforming the communication models used for IoT, mainly in case of Critical Communications and multimedia streaming (“IoMT, Internet of Multimedia Things”), as wireless video traffic is expected to be 60–75% of the global mobile traffic by 2020. One of the characteristics of 5G networks will be the proliferation of different/heterogeneous radio networks (virtualized radio access networks, RAN, new energy-efficient radios, femtocells, and offloading capabilities) and the possibility for IoT objects to connect and load-balance between dual and multiple RANs. This paper focuses on the possibility of using LISP (Locator Identifier Separation Protocol) for multihoming and load-balancing purposes and presents an illustrative scenario for the case of mobile IoT (e.g., the “things” part of vehicular or public transportation systems, PTS) that are also intensive bandwidth consumers, like the case of connected multimedia “things.” We have implemented and tested a demonstrator of a mobile LISP IoT gateway that is also integrated with Cloud-based video analytics.
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8

Degefa, Fikadu, Jihyeon Ryu, Hyoungshick Kim i Dongho Won. "MES-FPMIPv6: MIH-Enabled and enhanced secure Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 handover protocol for 5G networks*^". PLOS ONE 17, nr 5 (26.05.2022): e0262696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262696.

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Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) is an extension of the PMIPv6 mobility management deployed as part of the next-generation internet protocol. It allows location-independent routing of IP datagrams, based on local mobility to IPv6 hosts without involvement of stations in the IP address signaling. A mobile node keeps its IP address constant as it moves from link to link, which avoids signaling overhead and latency associated with changing IP address. Even though local mobility requirements hold, it entails security threats such as Mobile Node, Mobile Access Gateway, as well as Local Mobility Anchor impersonation that go beyond those already exist in IPv6. As mobile station keeps moving across different serving networks, its IP remains constant during handover, and location privacy may not also be preserved. Moreover, homogeneous network dependence of PMIPv6 is one of the gaps, which FPMIPv6 could not mitigate. FPMIPv6 does not support heterogeneous network handover, for which numerous researchers have proposed Media Independent Handover (MIH) enabled FPMIPv6 schemes to allow fast handover among heterogeneous networks, but in the absence of security solutions. As a comprehensive solution, we propose a new handover authentication scheme and a key agreement protocol for the ‘MIH-enabled Network Only FPMIPv6’ model. As one of the basic requirements, mobility management should minimize signaling overhead, handover delay and power consumption of the mobile node. The proposed scheme improves wireless link overhead (mobile node overhead) by 6-86% as cell radius, wireless failure probability and number of hop vary. The security of the proposed scheme has also been analyzed under BAN logic and Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA) tool and its performance has numerically been evaluated through a pre-determined performance matrix and found to be effective and preferably applicable compared with other schemes.
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9

Kanta, Konstantina, Panagiotis Toumasis, Kostas Tokas, Ioannis Stratakos, Elissaios Alexis Papatheofanous, Giannis Giannoulis, Ioanna Mesogiti i in. "Demonstration of a Hybrid Analog–Digital Transport System Architecture for 5G and Beyond Networks". Applied Sciences 12, nr 4 (17.02.2022): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042122.

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In future mobile networks, the evolution of optical transport architectures enabling the flexible, scalable interconnection of Baseband Units (BBUs) and Radio Units (RUs) with heterogeneous interfaces is a significant issue. In this paper, we propose a multi-technology hybrid transport architecture that comprises both analog and digital-Radio over Fiber (RoF) mobile network segments relying on a dynamically reconfigurable optical switching node. As a step forward, the integration of the discussed network layout into an existing mobile infrastructure is demonstrated, enabling the support of real-world services through both standard digital and Analog–Intermediate- Frequency over Fiber (A-IFoF)-based converged fiber–wireless paths. Emphasis has been placed on the implementation of a real-time A-IFoF transceiver that is employed through a single embedded fully programmable gateway array (FPGA)-based platform that serves as an Ethernet to Intermediate Frequency (IF) bridge for the transmission of legacy traffic over the analog network segment. The experimental evaluation of the proposed concept was based on the dynamic optical routing of the legacy Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), 1.5 GBaud analog-intermediate frequency-over-fiber (A-IFoF)/mmWave and 10 Gbps binary optical waveforms, showing acceptable error vector magnitude (EVM) values for the complex radio waveforms and error-free operation for binary optical streams, with Bit Error Rate (BER) values less than 10−9. Finally, the end-to-end proof-of-concept demonstration of the proposed solution was achieved through the delivery of 4K video streaming and Internet Protocol (IP) calls over a mobile core network.
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Sun, Jiadong, Deji Chen, Quan Wang, Chao Lei, Mengnan Wang, Ziheng Li, Yang Xiao, Weiwei Zhang i Jiale Liu. "Key Issues on Integrating 5G into Industrial Systems". Electronics 13, nr 11 (24.05.2024): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112048.

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Under the auspice of further developing 5G mobile communication technology and integrating it with the latest advancements in the field of Industrial Internet-of-Things, this study conducts in-depth research and detailed analysis on the combination of 5G with industrial systems based on composite structures, communication network architectures, wireless application scenarios, and communication protocols. The status quo, development trend, and necessity of 5G mobile communication technology are explored and its potential in industrial applications is analyzed. Based on the current practical development level of 5G technology, by considering different requirements for bandwidth, real-time performance, and reliability in communication networks of industrial systems, this study proposes three feasible paths for the integration between 5G and industrial systems, including the method to use 5G in place of field buses. Finally, by introducing real-world cases, this study has successfully demonstrated the integration of 5G and industrial systems by extending 5G terminals as field bus gateways. This study provides valuable references for research and practice in related fields.
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11

Munilla, Jorge, Adel Hassan i Mike Burmester. "5G-Compliant Authentication Protocol for RFID". Electronics 9, nr 11 (19.11.2020): 1951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111951.

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The term “Internet of Things” was originally coined when radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was being developed to refer to applications where RFID tagged objects and sensors enabled computers to achieve effective situational awareness without human intervention. Currently, this term encompasses a myriad of medium/small devices connected to the Internet. On the other hand, 5G is a key enabling technology that will support next generation wireless communications. Moreover, 5G aims to realize the “Internet of Everything”. Surprisingly, despite the expected relationship between these two technologies, RFID tags have not been properly integrated into 4G and it is not clear if this will change in 5G. RFID is considered as a parallel technology where, at best, it has connection to the core network using back-end servers as gateways between the two technologies. With the aim of overcoming this problem, this paper proposes a 5G compliant RFID protocol that allows RFID tags to act as fully fledged 5G subscribers while taking into account the main characteristics of RFID systems. This proposal leverages the separation between USIM and mobile equipment within the user equipment to implement a 5G compliant protocol where tags accomplish the authentication part, as 5G subscribers, while readers assume the mobile equipment role, carrying out the 5G communication and most of the resource consuming tasks.
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12

Isaack Adidas Kamanga i Johanson Miserigodiasi Lyimo. "Review of LoRAWAN and the protocol suitability for low bandwidth wireless sensor networks over 5G". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 7, nr 2 (30.12.2022): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2022.7.2.0273.

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LoRaWAN is currently the best among the LPWANs protocols when it comes to IoT or machine-to-machine (M2M) communication such as in the deployment of wireless sensor networks. LoRaWAN is an RF technology operating in ISM bands. Its strength comes from the capability of Long-range communication between remote sensors and the gateways, deep indoor penetration, and public and private network deployment. All these traits are possible because of the LoRa network modulation technique. This paper provides an overview of the LoRaWAN protocol and the 5G cellular network. Also, the paper gives the benefits of using LoRaWAN over the other technologies for the deployment of the IoT module communication links.
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Gençoğlan, Duygu Nazan, Şule Çolak i Merih Palandöken. "Spiral-Resonator-Based Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Design for Sub-6 GHz Applications". Applied Sciences 13, nr 15 (28.07.2023): 8719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158719.

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This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna design for sub-6 GHz applications, featuring a unique combination of antenna elements and control mechanisms. The antenna is composed of an outer split-ring resonator loaded with an inner spiral resonator, which can be adjusted through the remote control of PIN diode or Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switches. The compact antenna, measuring 22 × 16 × 1.6 mm3, operates in broadband, or tri-band mode depending on the ON/OFF states of switches. The frequency reconfigurability is achieved using two BAR64−02V PIN diodes or two CG2415M6 SPDT switches acting as RF switches. SPDT switches are controlled remotely via Arduino unit. Additionally, the antenna demonstrates an omni-directional radiation pattern, making it suitable for wireless communication systems. Experimental results on an FR-4 substrate validate the numerical calculations, confirming the antenna’s performance and superiority over existing alternatives in terms of compactness, wide operating frequency range, and cost-effectiveness. The proposed design holds significant potential for applications in Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 a/n/ac), Bluetooth (5 GHz), ISM (5 GHz), 3G (UMTS), 4G (LTE), wireless backhaul (4G and 5G networks), WLAN (IEEE 802.11 a/n/ac/ax), 5G NR n1 band, and Wi-Fi access points due to its small size and easy control mechanism. The antenna can be integrated into various devices, including access points, gateways, smartphones, and IoT kits. This novel frequency reconfigurable antenna design presents a valuable contribution to the field, paving the way for further advancements in wireless communication systems.
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Aditi, Aditi, Pritee Parwekar i Aditi Sharma. "Optimized LoRaWAN Architectures: Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Long-Range Connectivity in IoT Networks for Sustainable, Low-Power Solutions and Future Integrations with Edge Computing and 5G". Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 13, nr 2 (2024): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.130206.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) has expanded rapidly, allowing for a network of sensors and gadgets to collect and share information to make people's lives easier and more convenient. As the Internet of Things (IoT) grows, however, energy efficiency becomes a major issue, especially for portable and wireless gadgets. Low-power, long-range communication capabilities are needed, and Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has emerged as a viable solution to meet this need. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the LoRaWAN-based, low-power Internet of Things. The suggested network architecture is optimized for low power consumption and high connectivity for numerous Internet of Things (IoT) use cases. This low-power Internet of Things network relies on LoRaWAN gateways, end devices, and a server to function. LoRaWAN is a technology that enables the low-power, long-range transmission of data packets. The results show that the optimized case and non-optimized case have a delivery ratio of 0.85 to 0.73 from node 100 to 500. LoRaWAN significantly reduces energy usage compared to conventional IoT connectivity alternatives, making it a fantastic option for battery-powered devices in far-flung or limited-resource locations. Finally, the adoption of LoRaWAN provides a viable solution to address the energy efficiency concerns in IoT networks, hence allowing for sustainable, long-lasting IoT installations and enabling a wide variety of new applications within the IoT ecosystem. Furthermore, addresses the potential applications of this technology in the future, including upgrades and integration with other technologies like edge computing and 5G networks.
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Sigwele, Tshiamo, Tshiamo Sigwele, Arjmand Naveed, Yim-Fun Hu, Muhammad Ali i Misfa Susanto. "Energy Efficient Healthcare Monitoring System using 5G Task Offloading". Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 1, nr 2 (27.10.2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jesr.v1i2.12.

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Healthcare expenses can be significantly reduced, and lives saved by enabling the continuous monitoring of patient health remotely using Wireless Body Sensor Networks (WBSN). However, an energy efficient mobile gateway (e.g. 5G smartphone) is required which moves with the patient in real time to process the data from the bio sensors without depleting the battery. This paper proposes a 5G based healthcare cardiovascular disease REmote Monitoring system called 5GREM using Electrocardiogram (ECG) bio sensor as a BSN device. The aim is to monitor and analyse the patient’s heart rhythms and send emergency alerts during irregularities to the nearest caregivers, ambulance or physician to minimise heart attacks and heart failures while saving energy. Since ECG signal execution is computer intensive, requests from the ECG sensor are either executed locally on the gateway, offloaded to nearby mobile devices or to the 5G edge while considering the battery level, CPU level, transmission power, delays and task fail rate
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Khalifeh, Ala, Khaled Aldahdouh i Sahel Alouneh. "LoRaWAN Energy Optimization with Security Consideration". International Arab Journal of Information Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/18/3a/11.

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Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is an emerging wireless technology that is expected to be widely deployed and implemented in several applications, especially with the promising widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its potential applications within the Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology. LoRaWAN consists of a number of nodes that monitors and senses the environment to collect specific data, and then sends the collected data to a remote monitoring device for further processing and decision-making. Energy consumption and security assurance are two vital factors needed to be optimized to ensure an efficient and reliable network operation and performance. To achieve that, each of LoRaWAN nodes can be configured by five transmission parameters, which are the spreading factor, carrier frequency, bandwidth, coding rate and transmission power. Choosing the best values of these parameters leads to enhancing the network deployment. In this paper, we shed the light to the security aspect in LoRaWAN network. Then, we introduced an algorithm that depends on the reinforcement learning approach to enable each node in the network to choose the best values of spreading factor and transmission power such that it leads to a lower energy consumption and higher packets’ delivery rate. The results of the simulation experiments of our proposed technique showed a valuable increase in the packet reception rate at the gateway and a significant decrease in the total consumed energy at the end nodes compared with the most related work in literature
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Gopalsamy, P., R. Arun i S. Singaravelan. "AODV Multicast Routing for the Zigbee Heterogeneous Networks in 5G Environment on Wireless Sensor Network". International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering & Multidisciplinary Physical Sciences 9, nr 3 (1.06.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.37082/ijirmps.2021.v09i03.026.

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A modified AODV routing protocol is adopted as part of the combined routing strategy in the ZigBee networks. Considering the deploying environment, the emerging 5G technology tends to be ubiquitous in the near future. Aiming to the higher efficiency and the shorter path, an improved ZigBee AODV (Z-AODV) routing protocol using associated gateways for the heterogeneous networks in the 5G environment is proposed in this paper. Besides the regular ZigBee function, by sharing the neighbour and routing information via IP network, the AGs are also responsible for collaboratively finding the optimum path and transmitting the packets to reduce the consumption for ZigBee devices. Moreover, an additional routing information collecting method is developed to further improve the routing performance. The proposed algorithm is evaluated based on simulation results. It is shown that our routing method outperforms the existing ones by higher picketer deliver ratio, shorter path length, lower latency, fewer packets sent per ZigBee node and lower routing overhead.
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Yu, Peiling, i Abdallah Saleh Shatat. "Research and implementation of smart city public information mining analysis system based on mobile edge model of game theory". Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 15.07.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amns.2022.2.0116.

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Abstract With the rapid development of the Internet, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is gradually developing towards “centralization, standardization, informationization, and refinement”. Since 2011, China has carried out smart city construction projects and awarded nearly 200 cities as pilot cities for smart cities. Smart cities gradually begin to expand and build, and with it comes the generation of a large amount of smart city public information. It is urgent to realize the rational mining and analysis of information, and it is urgent to provide practical solutions to solve the practical problems faced by smart cities. Smart city management and services. This paper constructs a smart city public information mining system based on GSM wireless network. The system is independent of the mobile network. By migrating computing and storage capabilities and business service capabilities to the edge of the network, applications, services, and content can be localized and distributed in close proximity. The deployment and development prospects are broad. A smart city video network service platform based on mobile edge computing, relying on edge computing technology, introduces GSM offload gateways in the deployment, reconstructs mobile networks, uses 5G edge computing capabilities to calculate videos, stores and forwards them to the edge computer processing space, changing the mobile network Economic form. In addition to the task scheduling problem of the system environment in this paper, a distributed multi-user computing task scheduling algorithm with the goal of achieving Nash equilibrium is proposed. Game theory and mathematical derivation are used to prove that the system overhead has an upper limit of convergence and to quantify several efficiency factors for centralized optimization performance. The system makes full use of part of the existing mobile network resources, combines traditional network optimization technology with advanced information mining and analysis tools, has complete information management capabilities, and guarantees the service quality of the entire smart city public information platform. The urban public information platform provides non-communication applications with mobile network characteristics.
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