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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "541.370 212"
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Amalia, Putri, i Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka. "PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PEMBENIHAN LELE DUMBO DAN LELE SANGKURIANG DI DESA BABAKAN, KECAMATAN CISEENG, BOGOR". Forum Agribisnis 5, nr 2 (18.07.2017): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.5.2.197-212.
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Catfish is one of the nine potential leading commodities in Indonesia. The biggest demand of the fish reaches 250 tons a day in Java and this makes the fish breeding business very important. One of the catfish breeding areas is Babakan Seeng, Bogor District. There are two catfish verieties, i.e Dumbo, which is cultivated in Pokdakan Jumbo Lestari and Sangkuriang in Pokdakan kubang sejahtera. The breeding system of those varieties is different: stocking density of 10 000 juveniles per 300 m2 for Dumbo and 20 000 juveniles per 300 m2 for Sangkuriang, due to the bigger egg hatching expectation; i.e 90%. The research showed that the income of Dumbo catfish farm was Rp 7 544 531, while that of the sangkuriang catfish farm was only Rp 3 857 981. R/C ratio of Dumbo catfish farm was 1.49 and R/C ratio of Sangkuriang catfish farm was 1.16. Chi-squares analysis also proves that the difference the way aquaculture can effect farm income. This proves that Dumbo catfish farm is more profitable compared to Sangkuriang farm. Sangkuriang catfish hatchery can be more profitable when the stocking density is lessened.
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Bhaskar, A. Vijaya, Usharani G. i Sravani D. "Screening for Identification of Resistant Genotypes against Charcoal Rot Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Maize (Zea mays L.)". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, nr 23 (18.12.2023): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i234235.
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Screening of Maize entries for resistance to charcoal rot disease using 1-9 disease severity measuring scale in sick plot at field conditions. In this study,492entries with check were screened in randomized block design by tooth pick method of inoculation at Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, Telangana State, India during rabi and kharif. During rabi 2021-22, out of screened 212 lines,46 lines viz., KML-2, JCY-2-7, KML-4,KML-17,KML- 26,KML-33,KML-74,KML-76,KML-82,KNMH-4211,KNMH-4192,KNMH-131,KMH-396,KMH-393,KMH-770,KMH-286,KMH-275,KMH-318,S-6668,KMH-253,KMH-262,KMH-777,KMH-433,KMH-431,KMH-25,KMH-340,KMH-341,KMH-331,KMH-337,KMH-471,KMH-469,KMH-586,KMH-357,KMH-367,KMH-542,KMH-544,KMH543, KMH -131,KMH-394,KMH-400,KMH-545,KMH-194,DHM-121,BIO-9544,HT5106 and NK6802 were found moderately resistant, Kaveri-50 (Check) entry was recorded 8.10 disease scale and remaining lines were found susceptible to charcoal rot disease. Out of screened 280 lines,one line KMH-152 was found resistant ,77 lines were identified as moderately resistant,one line Kaveri -50 (check) was severely affected by Charcoal rot with 8.0disease rating and rated as susceptible during kharif, 2022.
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Duca, Franz, Stefan Aschauer, Caroline Zotter-Tufaro, Christina Binder, Andreas A. Kammerlander, Benedikt Börries, Hermine Agis i in. "Riociguat for the treatment of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: data from a named patient use program in Austria". Pulmonary Circulation 9, nr 4 (październik 2019): 204589401984939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2045894019849394.
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Patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (TTR CA) suffer from impaired exercise capacity, have a poor quality of life (QoL), and approved treatments are lacking. Stimulators of the soluble guanylate cyclase are promising new pharmaceuticals in the treatment armamentarium of heart failure patients. The aim of the present study was to report on the safety and efficacy of riociguat administration in patients with TTR CA. TTR CA patients received riociguat for 4–6 months within the frames of a national named patient use (NPU) program. Parameters of interest included changes in submaximal exercise capacity, invasive hemodynamic parameters, and QoL. Between March 2012 and June 2017, 86 CA patients were screened for the NPU program, of whom 13 TTR CA patients were eligible for participation. In our study cohort, riociguat had an acceptable tolerability profile. At follow-up, we could detect slight improvements in median 6-min walk distance (396 m [interquartile range (IQR) = 340–518] vs. 400 m [IQR = 350–570], P = 0.045), New York Heart Association class ≥ III (n = 7 [53.9%] vs. n = 0 [0.0%], P = 0.031), cardiac output (4.3 L/min [IQR = 3.9–5.1] vs. 4.5 L/min [IQR = 4.2–5.1], P = 0.022), diastolic pressure gradient (1.0 mmHg [IQR = −1.5–3.0) vs. −1.0 mmHg [IQR = −3.0–1.0], P = 0.049), and QoL (50.0% [IQR = 40.0–58.0] vs. 60.0% [IQR = 50.0–75.0], P = 0.021). Pulmonary arterial pressures were not altered. The present case series of TTR CA patients indicates that riociguat administration was safe and associated with minor clinical as well as hemodynamic improvements.
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Preuß, Torsten. "Dreier, Horst, Friedrich Wilhelm Graf und Joachim Jens Hesse (Hrsg.). Staatswissenschaft und Staatspraxis." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 53, nr 3 (2012): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0032-3470-2012-3-541.
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Gushcherov, Pavel S. "Description of respiratory rhythm for white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in captivity". Izvestiya TINRO 185, nr 2 (30.06.2016): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-185-123-131.
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Parameters of external respiration are considered for white whales Delphinapterus leucas living in captivity on the observations in 2009-2012. Low respiration rate (on average 2.2 ± 0.3 breath per minute) and short apnea phase (no more than 1.7 minutes) were observed in the first days after the catch, but both parameters returned to normal values (3.0 ± 0.2 breath per minute, apnea up to 5.1 minutes) in the next 10-34 days. The respiration rate in the morning is higher in comparison with the evening. The respiration rate dependence on the whales motor activity, their age, and water temperature is discussed, as well.
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Baydal Sala, Vicent. "Ressenya a Frederic Aparisi i Daniel Muñoz (eds.), Els registres notarials de Miquel Llagària. Sueca, 1541-1552, València, PUV, 2012; & Ricard Jordi Bañó i Armiñana (ed.), Un notal alcoià dels anys 1296-1303, Barcelona, Fundació Noguera, 2013". SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 3, nr 3 (28.06.2014): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.3.3797.
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Ressenya a Frederic Aparisi Romero i Daniel Muñoz Navarro (eds.), Els registres notarials de Miquel Llagària. Sueca, 1541-1552, València, Publicacions de la Universitat de València (Fonts històriques valencianes, 53), 2012, 600 pp. ISBN: 978-84-370-8882-2; & Ricard Jordi Bañó i Armiñana (ed.), Un notal alcoià dels anys 1296-1303, Barcelona, Fundació Noguera, (Acta notariorum Cataloniae, 25), 2013, 568 pp. ISBN: 978-84-997-5415-4.
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Nibbelke, René, i Paul Emmerson. "Software: IGEN™ CHI SYSTEMS Inc. 716 N. Bethlehem Pike, Suite 300 Lower Gwynedd, PA 19002 USA 215/542–1400 Fax 215/542–1412 http://www.chiinc.com". Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 8, nr 3 (lipiec 2000): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106480460000800306.
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Hashmi, Syed Muhammad Maroof, Shua Nasir, Lal Shehbaz, Muhammad Absar Anwar i Ahmed Ali. "POST HEMORRHOIDECTOMY PAIN RELIEF". Professional Medical Journal 22, nr 09 (10.09.2015): 1107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.09.1050.
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Background: The aim of my study is to evaluate post-operative pain reliefon patients who had hemorrhoidectomy. Materials and Methods: 300 patients who hadhemorrhoidectomy were divided equally in to three groups, according to anesthesia type,group 1 (local anesthesia and sedation), while spinal anesthesia was group 2 and generalanesthesia was considered to be group 3. Pain relief, post-operative complications, hospitalstaying time were measured and compared between the three groups. Period: Study wasperformed between Jan 2012 to Dec 2014. Results: The study showed that patients who hadlocal anesthesia infiltration and sedation a significant decrease of post-operative total painscores at 6/12/18/24 hours of more than 50%,200/240/300/320 out of 1000 points in group IIas compared to 420/500/540/580,700/680/660/660 in 3rd groups respectively. The total postoperativeanalgesia doses in the 3 groups were 120:140:180 respectively, total hospital stayingtime were 130:210:260 days, headache in the ratio of 0:8:1, urine retention in 0:6:1 patients,nausea and vomiting in 0:1:5 patients were reduced by 30 %,. P-value < 0.05. On the otherhand, spinal anesthesia which is group 2 showed slight decline of patients numbers who hadrespiratory symptoms, hypotension and urticarial.Conclusion: Post-operative pain, analgesia,total cost, hospital staying time, nausea and vomiting have been significantly reduced by localanesthesia infiltration compared to non-infiltrated groups while spinal anesthesia had a higherrate in post-operative urine retention, headache and hypotension compared to local anesthesiawith sedation and general anesthesia. Respiratory symptoms, urticaria, were slightly reduced inlocal anesthesia with sedation compared to spinal and general anesthesia.
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Barros, Fabíola Lacerda de Souza, Karin Tesch Kuhlcamp, Sara Dousseau Arantes i Sarah Ola Moreira. "Productivity and quality of Formosa and Solo papaya over two harvest seasons". Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, nr 8 (sierpień 2017): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000800005.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and quality of papaya fruits (Carica papaya) of the Solo (12 genotypes) and Formosa (9 genotypes) heterotic groups over two harvest seasons. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the municipality of Pinheiros, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design. Ten morpho-agronomic and physicochemical variables of the fruits were measured in winter (210-300 days after planting) and summer (450-540 days after planting). The data were subjected to the combined analysis of variance, to the breakdown of the genotype x environment interactions, and to the grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. Although harvest season affected the evaluated characteristics, it did not alter the classification of the genotype. In the Solo group, the H 36-45 and UC 15 hybrids stand out due to their greater productivity, fruit weight, and soluble solids contents. In the Formosa group, the Rubi Incaper 511 cultivar shows greater productivity, higher number of commercial fruits, and lower number of deformed fruits over both evaluated harvest seasons.
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Zhao, Chengquan, Ann T. Moriarty, Mohiedean Ghofrani, Mujtaba Husain, Rosemary H. Tambouret, Rodolfo Laucirica, Alice Laser i in. "Human Papillomavirus Testing and Reporting Rates in 2012: Results of a College of American Pathologists National Survey". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 139, nr 6 (1.12.2014): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0393-cp.
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Context College of American Pathologists (CAP) surveys are used to establish national benchmarks for laboratory parameters. Objective To evaluate changes in laboratory human papillomavirus (HPV) testing patterns in laboratories incorporating HPV testing with Papanicolaou tests in 2012. Design Data were analyzed from the CAP HPV Supplemental Questionnaire distributed to 1771 laboratories participating in either CAP HPV or CAP Papanicolaou proficiency testing in 2013. Results A total of 1022 laboratories (58%) responded. There were more high-risk (HR) HPV tests performed per institution as compared to previous surveys. There were more HPV tests performed within an institution as compared to previous surveys. Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) remains the most common method (42.4%, 239 of 564); Cervista and cobas methods are used in 37.2% (210 of 564) and 14.9% (84 of 564) of laboratories, respectively. Human papillomavirus testing is offered as a reflex test after a Papanicolaou test result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in 89.6% of laboratories (476 of 531); as a cotest for women aged 30 years and older in 60.3% (404 of 531); as reflex testing after atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) in 42.7% (320 of 531); and as reflex testing after atypical glandular cells (AGC) in 27.3% (145 of 531). The HPV-positive rates for ASC-US and ASC-H were similar in 2012 and 2006. Cervista (49.2%, 88 of 179) and Roche cobas (27.4%, 49 of 179) are the most common methods used for genotyping. Most laboratories use the CAP Human Papillomavirus for Cytology Program for proficiency testing. Conclusions There was an increase in annual volume of HR-HPV testing with a shift toward in-house HR-HPV testing. Genotyping volumes also increased. HC2 and Cervista are most commonly used, with an increasing volume of Roche cobas testing. The most common indication for HPV testing among all laboratories was ASC-US reflex testing, but an increase in HPV cotesting was observed. The data provide an update into persisting and newer trends in HPV testing practices.
Książki na temat "541.370 212"
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L, Mandell Steven, red. Application software manual: Using WordPerfect 5.1, Lotus 1-2-3, release 2.2, dBase III Plus, dBase IV, VP-Expert 3.0, educational version. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1992.
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MACKAY, DAVID J. C. INFORMATION THEORY, INFERENCE, AND LEARNING ALGORITHMS. CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2003.
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Select. Select Modules: DOS 3.3/Windows 3.0, Lotus 1-2-3, Rel. 2.2, WordPerfect 5.1, dBASE III+. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, 1997.
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Letenyei, László, red. Településkutatás II. TeTT könyvek, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/963-0606-25-9.
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Az Európa Tanács 1999. június 21-i 1260/1999/EK rendelete a strukturális alapokra vonatkozó általános rendelkezések megállapításáról 325 A településfejlesztési koncepció készítésének módszerei az EU-ban és Magyarországon (Futó Péter és Szeszler Zsuzsa) 241 A megérzéstől a megerősítésig: a terepmunka az antropológiában (Teresa San Román) 359 Kvantitatív és kvalitatív módszerek összekapcsolása (Alan Bryman) 371 Az antropológiai résztvevő megfigyelés története (Vörös Miklós és Frida Balázs) 395 A nyugat-csendes-óceáni térség argonautái (Bronislaw Malinowski) 417 A fókuszált interjú (Robert K. Merton, Marjorie Fiske és Patricia L. Kendall) 443 Bevezetés a fókuszcsoportos vizsgálatba (Jenny Kitzinger) 467 A fókuszcsoportos vizsgálat kimenetelét befolyásoló tényezők (Vicsek Lilla) 477 A mélyinterjú készítése – és az elkövethető hibák forrásai (Heltai Erzsébet és Tarjányi József) 501 A kérdőíves adatfelvétel újabb módszerei: telefonos, számítógéppel támogatott (CAPI, CATI) és internetes adatgyűjtés (Eranus Eliza, Láng Sarolta, Máth András és Rácz Attila) 545 Térképek az elmében – Gondolatok a kognitív térképezésről (Roger M. Downs és David Stea) 593 Hazai példák a mentális térképezés alkalmazására (Szathmári Milán) 615 A társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés szociometriai gyökerei (Szántó Zoltán) 649 A társadalmi kapcsolatháló-elemzés módszertani alapjai (Kürtösi Zsófia) 663 A szignifikanciatesztek retorikája (Deirdre N. McCloskey) 687 Interdiszciplináris programok a vizuális kutatásban: A vizuális antropológia újragondolása (Sarah Pink) 703
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Capron, Harriet L. Essentials of Computing, 2/E: DOS 3.3/Windows 3.0, Lotus 1-2-3, Rel. 2.2, WordPerfect 5.1, dBASE III+. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, 1998.
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Forsyth, Robert. Me 262 Units in Combat. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472860804.
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An illustrated account ofthe first jet-powered combat aircraft, the Messerschmitt Me 262, and its short but action-packed career during World War 2. Powered by the Jumo 004 jet engine, the Me 262 outclassed anything the Allies had in terms of speed and firepower, offering, as an interceptor, a formidable punch with four 30 mm MK 108 nose-mounted cannon. Such a blend of armament and speed allowed the Me 262A-1a not just to inflict carnage on the Allied heavy bomber formations, but also to evade their fighter escorts – even the later marks of Spitfire and the formidable American P-51 Mustang. In this new study, Luftwaffe historian Robert Forsyth utilises first-hand accounts from Me 262 pilots to chronicle actions against Allied bombers and their escorts, as well as detailing hit-and-run bomber attacks on road junctions, Allied airfields, vehicle columns, troop assemblies and supply dumps. All of these aspects of the Me 262 are enhanced by vivid illustrations, including archival photographs and specially commissioned profile artworks.
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西非综合渔港工程项目管理概论. Frontier Scientific Publishing Pte. Ltd., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/9789811478703.
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本书依据由中国电建集团港航有限公司毛塔分公司实施的西非毛里塔尼亚渔港工程项目的技术总结编写。项目位于毛里塔尼亚首都努瓦克肖特市与努瓦迪布之间的塔尼特地区，业主为毛塔交通基础设施总局，合同总额8042.32万美元，工程包括 LOT1、LOT2、LOT3三个标段。LOT1标段主要工程内容：542米钢桩引桥，总长约1000米防波堤（包括396米服务堤、380米防波堤、180米护堤和两个堤头），两座长100米高桩码头、两座长50米浮码头、一个长100米直立码头及25米船坞以及供水管道、港口供电和照明等；LOT2标段主要工程内容：渔民屋、行政室、门卫、行政楼、围墙、油库等多个单体建筑以及2.8KM 进场道路；LOT3标段主要工程内容：3000KW 发电厂、生产45吨/天制冰车间、交易大厅、1000m³/天海水淡化厂等，涵盖了设备、土建、装修等工程。项目已于2020年2月21日结束质保期，顺利通过竣工验收。
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Clinical Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology with Access Code. W.B. Saunders Company, 2012.
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MACKAY, DAVID J. C. Information Theory, Inference and Learning Algorithms. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2004.
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Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.
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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.
Części książek na temat "541.370 212"
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Lambert, Tristan H. "Functional Group Interconversion". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0004.
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Chaozhong Li of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 10401) the silver nitrate catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of carboxylic acids, which shows interesting chemoselectivity in substrates such as 1. A related decarboxylative chlorination was also reported by Li (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4258). Masahito Ochiai at the University of Tokushima has developed (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 982) an iodobenzene-catalyzed Hofmann rearrangement (e.g., 3 to 4) that proceeds via hypervalent iodine intermediates. The dehydrating agent T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride), an increasingly popular reagent for acylation chemistry, has been used (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 1406) by Vommina Sureshbabu at Bangalore University to convert amino or peptide acids such as 5 to the corresponding thioacids with sodium sulfide. Jianqing Li and co-workers at Bristol-Myers Squibb have shown (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 214) that trimethylaluminum, which has long been known to effect the direct amidation of esters, can also achieve the direct coupling of acids and amines, such as in the preparation of amide 8. The propensity of severely hindered 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) amides such as 9 to undergo solvolysis at room temperature has been shown (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 548) by Guy Lloyd-Jones and Kevin Booker-Milburn at the University of Bristol. The reaction proceeds by way of the ketene and is enabled by sterically induced destabilization of the usual conformation that allows conjugation of the nitrogen lone pair with the carbonyl. Matthias Beller at Universität Rostock has found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3905) that primary amides may be transamidated via copper(II) catalysis. The conditions are mild enough that an epimerization-prone amide such as 11 undergoes no observable racemization during conversion to amide 13. A photochemical transamidation has been achieved (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 405) by Christian Bochet at the University of Fribourg that utilizes 385-nm light to activate a dinitroindoline amide in the presence of amines such as 15, which produces the amide 16. Notably, photochemical cleavage of the Ddz protecting group occurs at a shorter wavelength of 300 nm.
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Hübner Ursula i Sellemann Björn. "Nursing in the Information Age: Status Quo and Future of ICT use in German Hospitals". W Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2004. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-949-3-376.
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Hospital information systems (HIS) should give support to nurses in their clinical and managerial duties. Though there are statistical data on the current use of HIS systems we know only little about the numbers of nursing modules implemented. We therefore conducted a nationwide survey in Germany (n = 2182) on the current state and future plans of HIS modules including nursing applications (response rate of 27.6 %). The findings show that management applications (84 % accounting) are still more frequent than clinical applications, in particular clinical patient record systems (19 %). What applied for HIS modules in general held also true for nursing on a lower level. ‘Whereas 51 %of the hospitals had rostering systems in place only 6 % used care planning software. Priorities and plans for the future reveal no change in the rank órder of systems. We argue that in order for clinical documentation and planning systems to catch up they must be immediately rewarding for the clinicians in their daily need for information.
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Macías Sañudo, María Gema. "LA PROTECCIÓN PENAL DE LA ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y EL URBANISMO A TRAVÉS DEL ARTÍCULO 319 CP. RESEÑAS DEL ARTÍCULO 320 C.P". W EL DERECHO SOBRE LA ORDENACIÓN TERRITORIAL Y URBANÍSTICA EN ANDALUCÍA, 1011–103. Instituto Andaluz de Administración Pública, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46735/iaap-pub.52.121.
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SUMARIO: I CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN DE LOS DELITOS SOBRE LA ORDENACIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y EL URBANISMO I.1 Los condicionantes de la intervención del derecho sobre el urbanismo. La necesidad de tipificación de estas conductas I.2 Normativa. El principio de intervención mínima 2.1 Normativa 2.2 El principio de intervención mínima II EL BIEN JURÍDICO PROTEGIDO II.1 Introducción II.2 La Ordenación del Territorio y el Urbanismo en la Constitución española II.3 El respeto a la jerarquía normativa: Medio Ambiente, Ordenación del Territorio y Urbanismo II.4 La delimitación penal del bien jurídico III EL TIPO BÁSICO DEL ART. 319.2 CP III. 1 Sujetos 1.1 Sujeto activo 1.2 Sujeto pasivo III. 2 Tipo objetivo 2.1 Delitos cometidos sobre suelo no urbanizable 2.2 Conducta típica Primero. Llevar a cabo Segundo. Obras de urbanización, construcción o edificación a) Ampliación del tipo a raíz de la reforma operada por la LO 5/2010 b) Excurso: referencia a las casas prefabricadas, de madera o desmontables 2.3 No autorizable Primero. El concepto no autorizable Segundo. Obras con licencias nulas de pleno derecho Tercero. Obras que no se ajustan a la licencia Cuarto. Normal penal en blanco 2.4 Elementos subjetivos 2.5 Causa de atipicidad. El error de tipo III.3 Antijuricidad III.4 Culpabilidad 4.1 El error de prohibición 4.2 Excurso: La eficacia de la falta de publicación de la normativa territorial o urbanística aplicable. Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía III.5 Iter criminis III.6 Autoría y participación IV. EL TIPO AGRAVADO DEL ART. 319.1 CP V. PENAS, RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL Y CONSECUENCIAS JURÍDICAS PREVISTAS V.1 Penas 1.1 Prisión 1.2 Multa 1.3 Inhabilitación V.2 Responsabilidad civil 2.1 Ubicación y formas 2.2 Naturaleza civil V.3 Consecuencias accesorias 3.1 El comiso 3.2 La demolición VI. LA PRESCRIPCIÓN DEL DELITO VI.1 Consideraciones previas VI.2 La prescripción en los delitos sobre la ordenación del territorio y el urbanismo 2.1 Plazo de prescripción 2.2 Determinación del dies a quo Primero. En sede penal Segundo. En sede administrativa Tercero. Conclusión 2.3 La interrupción de la prescripción 2.4 Excurso. El valor probatorio de las actas de inspección y el valor de los sistemas de teledetección VII. OTRAS CUESTIONES RELEVANTES VII.1 Personas jurídicas VII.2 Concurso VII.3 La intervención del Ministerio Fiscal en los delitos sobre la ordenación del territorio y el urbanismo VII.4 Las medidas cautelares en el proceso penal VII.5 La vis atractiva del procedimiento penal 5.1 Cuestión prejudicial 5.2 Vinculación de lo probado penalmente VIII RESEÑAS RELATIVAS AL ARTÍCULO 320. INTRODUCCIÓN IX. BIEN JURÍDICO PROTEGIDO EN EL ART. 320. NUEVAS APORTACIONES X. EL TIPO DEL ART. 320 CP X.1 Sujetos 1.1 Sujeto activo 1.2 Sujeto pasivo X.2 Tipo objetivo 2.1 Conducta típica 2.2 Elemento normativo “injusticia” 2.3 Tipo subjetivo. Dolo. Error de tipo X.3 Antijuricidad. Causas de justificación X.4 Culpabilidad. Error de prohibición X.5 Autoría y participación XI. PENOLOGÍA XII. LA COMPLEJIDAD DE LOS ENTRAMADOS DE CORRUPCIONES URBANÍSTICA. OTROS DELITOS Y LA ATENUANTE DE DILACIONES INDEBIDAS XIII. CONCLUSIONES
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Schappo, F. B., J. L. Lima, R. Amancio, M. L. T. Silva, G. S. Fortunato, I. L. Nunes i M. M. C. Feltes. "Tabela nutricional de bolo para dietas restritivas contendo castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa)". W PESQUISAS E ATUALIZAÇÕES EM CIÊNCIA DOS ALIMENTOS. Agron Food Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53934/9786599539657-94.
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A castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa) ou castanha do Pará é uma matéria-prima da sociobiodiversidade brasileira que apresenta alta qualidade nutricional. O presente trabalho objetivou elaborar a tabela nutricional de um bolo contendo castanha-do-brasil, sem adição de açúcares, leite ou derivados, adequado para dietas restritivas, e cuja formulação havia sido previamente divulgada na forma de tutorial em um vídeo. A partir de uma formulação base, foram realizados testes até chegar a uma massa de bolo considerada ideal pela equipe. A elaboração da tabela nutricional foi realizada a partir de cálculos teóricos com base nas legislações RDC 359 e 360/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), em vigor. As IN 75/2020 da ANVISA, que vigora a partir de 2022, RDC 429/2020 e RDC 54/2012 também foram consultadas. Foi possível elaborar um bolo nutritivo com teor de fibra de 2,6 g/porção, suficiente para conter a alegação “fonte de fibras”. O produto aqui proposto pode ser uma excelente alternativa para estimular o consumo de castanha-do-brasil, mediante o desenvolvimento de uma formulação com elevado valor nutricional.
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Özdemir, Şefik. "Mütevazı Liderlik (Humble Leadership) Konusunda Yapılan Çalışmaların Vosviewer İle Bibliyometrik Analizi". W Yönetim ve Organizasyonda Güncel Konular. Özgür Yayınları, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub572.c2344.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı, Humble Leadership kavramının gelişimini ve ilgili literatürün kapsamını detaylı bir biçimde ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, Humble Leadership ya da mütevazı liderlik konusundaki mevcut literatürü bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi kullanarak sistematik bir şekilde özetlemeyi ve kavramla ilgili çalışma eğilimlerini ve araştırma boşluklarını tespit etmeyi hedeflemiştir. Analiz, Web of Science veri tabanında 2012-2023 yılları arasında yayımlanan 375 makalenin bibliyometrik verilerine dayanmaktadır. Araştırmada, en fazla yayına sahip yazarlar arasında Zhang Li, Chu Xixi, Ding He ve Al Hawamdeh Nayel öne çıkmaktadır. Yayın sayısına göre sıralamada Çin 33 makale ile birinci, Pakistan 7 makale ile ikinci ve ABD 5 makale ile üçüncü sıradadır. Atıf sayısı açısından ise, Çin 551 atıf ile lider konumdayken, ABD 145 atıf ile ikinci ve Taiwan 74 atıf ile üçüncü sıradadır. Renmin University of China ve Harbin Institute of Technology, hem yayın sayısı hem de atıf sayısı bakımından diğer kurumlardan belirgin şekilde ayrılmaktadır. En fazla atıf alan yazarlar arasında Zhang Li 75 atıf ile birinci sıradadır; onu Ali Mudassar ve diğer yazarlar 74 atıf ile ikinci, Liu Jieqiong ve diğerleri ise 71 atıf ile üçüncü sıradadır. Humble Leadership ile ilgili yayınlarda en sık kullanılan anahtar kelime "Humble Leadership" ifadesidir (46 tekrar). Bu ifadenin ardından "Psychological Safety" (4 tekrar) ve "Psychological Empowerment" (3 tekrar) anahtar kelimeleri gelmektedir. Bu kapsamlı analiz, literatürdeki önemli eğilimleri ve eksik yönleri belirlemekte değerli bir kaynak sağlamaktadır.
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FREITAS, M. L. D. A., G. A. CREPALDI, I. G. OLIVEIRA, J. TROJAHN, R. ROSSO, P. H. SAMPAIO i A. C. JACQUES. "BOLO FUNCIONAL DE MAÇÃ ISENTO DE TRIGO, LEITE E AÇÚCARES ADICIONADOS". W Produção Animal e Vegetal: Inovações e Atualidades - Volume 2. Agron Food Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53934/9786585062039-67.
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Os alimentos funcionais fazem parte de uma nova percepção de alimentos, pois além da alimentação suprir as necessidades básicas nutricionais, também proporciona benefícios para a saúde como a diminuição de riscos de doenças como hipertensão, diabetes entre outras. Existe um público específico que possuem restrições alimentares à açúcar, glúten e lactose por inúmeros fatores relacionados à saúde. Com isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o desenvolvimento de um bolo funcional, isento de trigo, leite e açúcares adicionados e a elaboração de sua tabela de informação nutricional. Com a formulação final do bolo de maçã foi elaborada a tabela nutricional com base nas legislações RDC 359 e 360/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), em vigor. As IN 75/2020 da ANVISA, que vigora em outubro de 2022, RDC 429/2020 e RDC 54/2012 também foram consultadas. Diante disso, foi possível elaborar um produto com teor de fibras de 2,6g na porção, suficiente para ser considerado “fonte de fibras”. O produto proposto torna-se uma opção para o público em geral, mas especificamente para pessoas com dietas restritivas, como diabetes, celíacos e intolerante à lactose/alérgicos à proteína do leite.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Selective Functionalization of C–H Bonds". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0019.
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Jianhui Huang and Kang Zhao of Tianjin University devised (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 1211) a protocol for the oxidation of a terminal alkene 1 to the valuable four-carbon synthon 2. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7831) the oxidation of the terminal alkene 3 to the enone 4. Miquel Costas of the Universitat de Girona developed (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1421; Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 1908) a family of Fe catalysts for the oxidation of methylenes to ketones. Depending on the catalyst, any of the three ketones from the oxidation of 5, including 6, could be made the dominant product. Yumei Xiao and Zhaohai Qin of China Agricultural University optimized (Synthesis 2013, 45, 615) the Co-catalyzed oxidation of the methyl group of 7 to give the aldehyde 8. Thanh Binh Nguyen of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 118) a protocol (not illustrated) for the oxidation of methyl groups on heteroaromatics. Shunsuke Chiba of Nanyang Technological University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 212, 3214) the amidine 9 to 10, and the hydrazone 11 to 12. These cyclizations proceeded by sequential C–H abstraction followed by recombination, and so were racemizing. In contrast, the conversion of 13 to 14, developed (Science 2013, 340, 591) by Theodore A. Betley of Harvard University, proceeded with substantial retention of absolute configuration. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1739) a Ru catalyst that was selective for the allylic position of the E-alkene 15 to give 16. Amination was highly regioselective, and proceeded with excellent ee. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University and Maurizio Fagnoni of the University of Pavia reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2554) the direct carbonylation of 17 to the amide 18. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University devised (Science 2013, 339, 1593) a protocol for the β- arylation of an aldehyde 19 to give 20. Directed palladation of distal C–H bonds continues to be developed. Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research effected (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3238) diastereoselective arylation of the cyclopropane 21 with 22 to give 23.
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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, i Andrew Cliff. "Wars and War Epidemics". W War Epidemics. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233640.003.0010.
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Disease is a head of the Hydra, War. In his classic book, The Epidemics of the Middle Ages, J. F. C. Hecker (1859) paints an apocalyptic picture of the war–disease association. For Hecker, infectious diseases, the ‘unfettered powers of nature . . . inscrutable in their dominion, destructive in their effects, stay the course of events, baffle the grandest plans, paralyse the boldest flights of the mind, and when victory seemed within their grasp, have often annihilated embattled hosts with the flaming sword of the angel of death’ (Hecker, 1859: 212). The theme is developed by August Hirsch who, in the second edition of his Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology (1883), was repeatedly moved to comment on the manner in which wars fuelled the spread of infectious diseases. Writing of Asiatic cholera in the Baltic provinces and Poland in 1830–1, Hirsch concluded that the ‘military operations of the Russo-Polish war contributed materially to its diffusion’ (i. 398). Similarly, Hirsch traced one of the last ‘considerable’ outbreaks of bubonic plague in nineteenth-century Europe to ‘1828–29, when the Russian and Turkish forces came into collision in Wallachia’ (i. 503–4), while the waves of typhus fever that rolled around early-modern Europe were attributed to ‘the turmoil of great wars, which . . . shook the whole framework of European society to its foundations’ (i. 549). In much earlier times, Book I of Homer’s epic poem the Iliad—which may well be based on historical fact—tells of a mysterious epidemic that smote the camp of the Greek Army outside Troy around 1200 BC. According to Homer, the fate of King Agamemnon’s legions was sealed thus: . . . Say then, what God the fatal strife provoked? Jove’s and Latona’s son; he filled with wrath Against the King, with deadly pestilence The camp afflicted,—and the people died,— For Chryses’ sake . . . . . . Elsewhere, the celebrated works of ancient Greek historians—Herodotus (?484–?425 BC) on the later Assyrian Wars, Thucydides (?460–?395 BC) on the Great Peloponnesian War and Diodorus Siculus ( fl. first century BC) on the Carthaginian Wars—all attest to the antiquity of the war–disease association. Of ancient Rome, Bruce-Chwatt notes that ‘Foreign invaders . . . found that the deadly fevers of the Compagna Romana protected the Eternal City better than any man-made weapons’ (cited in Beadle and Hoffman, 1993: 320).
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Pereira, Rita de Cassia Alves, i Maria do Socorro Cavalcante de Sousa Mota. "CULTIVO DE MARACUJÁ SILVESTRE (Passiflora tenuifila Killip) NO LITORAL DO CEARÁ". W Plantas Medicinais: Sabedoria Tradicional e Ciência Moderna - Vol.2, 35–42. Editora Científica Digital, 2025. https://doi.org/10.37885/241118144.
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Passiflora tenuifila Killip é uma espécie de maracujá não comercial, conhecida por maracujá alho e está entre as menos conhecidas, existindo poucos estudos científicos na literatura relatando suas propriedades funcionais. Pesquisas comprovam eficiência do maracujá-alho no controle de tremores causados pela doença de Parkinson. Objetivo: relatar a experiência do cultivo de maracujá silvestre, para a produção de frutos de qualidade, realizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, no Município de Paraipaba, CE, durante o ano de 2024. Métodos: Foram instaladas espaldeira vertical com três fios de arame liso, preso e esticado em mourões de 1,80 de altura, espaçados a cada 4 m. O espaçamento utilizado no plantio de maracujá foi de 3,0 m entre fileiras e 2,0 m entre plantas, ocupando uma área de 210 m² com seis fileiras e nove plantas/fileira (54 plantas) Delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições. Resultados: A planta do maracujá silvestre produz em média 74 frutos com peso médio de 10 gramas. O período de produção de frutos é em torno de quatro meses, de intensa colheita. O primeiro mês de colheita ocorreu em julho/2024 (15/7/24) e nesse período, foram realizadas seis colheitas totalizando 2344 frutos com de 6,5Kg. Nos meses de agosto, setembro e outubro ocorreram 13 colheitas/mês. Para o mês de agosto foram colhidos 3.018 frutos com peso total de 31,5Kg. No mês de setembro foram colhidos 2344 frutos e peso de 18,5Kg e no mês de outubro foram colhidos 1530 frutos e peso de 12,1 Kg na área de 216m². Para um hectare estima-se uma produção de 427. 593 frutos com peso total de 3.176kg/ha.
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Молодин, В. И. "ЛУНОВИДНЫЕ ПОДВЕСКИ В РИТУАЛЬНЫХ КОМПЛЕКСАХ КЫШТОВСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ КАК ИНДИКАТОР ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ С СЕВЕРНОЙ ПРАРОДИНОЙ, "II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики»"". W II Международная конференция «Археология Арктики», 74. ФГУП «Издательство «Наука», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/9785604610893025.
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Кыштовская культура эпохи Средневековья, памятники которой расположены на территории северной и центральной части Барабинской лесостепи, была выделена автором в 1987 г. [Молодин, 1987]. Дальнейшие исследования позволили выявить этапы в ее развитии на протяжении восьми столетий [Соловьев, 1997; Молодин, Соловьев, 2012]. К числу памятников данной культуры относятся могильники, а также ритуальные комплексы, отличающиеся спецификой конструкций и своеобразным набором жертвенного инвентаря [Молодин, 1990; Молодин, Соловьев, 2019]. К серии дошедших до нашего времени реалий относятся глиняная и деревянная посуда, железные и костяные наконечники стрел, деревянные идолы, железные ножи, проколки, а также индивидуальные украшения и украшения поясной гарнитуры из железа, бронзы, олова, стекла и т.д. Большинство этих предметов эпохально диагностируются и вполне сопоставимы с предметным набором погребальных комплексов. Несомненный интерес представляют луновидные подвески, обнаруженные в культовых комплексах памятника Сопка-2 и святилища Усть-Изес. Изделия выполнены из высокооловянистой бронзы. Перед нами так называемые лунницы - достаточно стилизованные изделия, что свидетельствует об их явно вторичной отливке. Изделия из Барабы весьма схожи друг с другом, хотя выполнены по различным матрицам. По-видимому, эти предметы следует называть псевдолунницами, поскольку оконечности «луны» сомкнуты и образуют замкнутую окружность. Модели для их отливки использовались многократно и уже в новых произведениях все более трансформировались от исходной, действительно луновидной формы. Изделия односторонние, круглой формы, с выраженной петелькой для подвешивания. В нижней части обеих лунниц находится крупное круглое отверстие. Лицевые стороны подвесок украшены по периметру бордюрами из разновеликой псевдозерни, образующими схожие, но все-таки отличающиеся композиции. Данные предметы являются наиболее юго-восточными находками подобных подвесок, что демонстрирует вектор этнокультурных связей носителей кыштовской культуры, который уходит на север и северо-запад. Происхождение луновидных подвесок, как украшений конской упряжи и человека, связано с широким кругом культур середины I тыс. н.э. восточно-европейских и Среднеазиатских степей [Амброз, 1981], а также Южного Зауралья [Мажитов, 1981, рис. 13-38-39]. Наиболее широкое их распространение приходится на период Средневековья (X-XIII вв.) северо-славянского и финно-угорского миров [Седов, 1982, рис. 12, табл. XXVI-16, XXVII-39 и др.; Седова, 1997, с. 300, табл. 54; Голубева, 1997, табл. 92-1, 1, 4, 6, 7, 8; Могильников, 1987, с. 163-235]. Аналогичные предметы были найдены на средневековых памятниках нижнего Приобья (например, могильник Ленк-Понк на р. Салым, левом притоке Оби (XI-XIII вв.)); могильник Уна-Пай на р. Обь; могильник Ликинский, на притоке р. Лозьвы (X-XIII вв.) [Чернецов, 1957, табл. XXX-3, XLV-18; Викторова, 1973, табл. XI-6]; а также в Прикамье [Могильников, 1987, с. 284]). Начиная с X в. в нижнем Приобье появляется большое количество привозных бронзовых и серебряных предметов, хорошо известных по русским и булгарским древностям. Эти предметы часто порождали местные подражания, порой довольно несовершенные. Так, техника зерни, например, осталась неосвоенной, о чем свидетельствуют сибирские подвески, в том числе приводимые в настоящей работе, на которых присутствует лишь имитация зерни в виде мелких, целиком отлитых шишечек [Могильников, 1968, с. 243; 1987, с. 215, табл. XCII-9]. Обнаружение подобных предметов в погребениях, кладах или на жертвенных местах объясняется тем, что «в глазах древнего человека зарыть их в землю или принести в жертву - понятия почти равнозначные» [Балакин, 1979, с. 90]. Для нас важно, что наличие лунниц в комплексах кыштовской культуры и использование их в обрядовой практике является еще одним важным свидетельством духовной связи кыштовцев со своей северной прародиной.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "541.370 212"
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Gomes Filho, José Euderaldo Costa, Ariane Silva da Rocha, Gisele Aparecida Fernandes, Rossana Verónica Mendoza López i Maria Paula Curado. "PRE- AND POSTMENOPAUSAL BREAST CANCER IN COMPARISON OF CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FEATURES, HISTOLOGY, BIOMARKERS, AND MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION". W Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2043.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and pathological evolution, morphology, hormonal biomarkers (estrogen, progesterone, HER2, and Ki-67), and molecular classification in pre- and postmenopausal patients (age ≤50 years and >50 years). This is a cross-sectional study of 705 female patients with breast cancer. A total of 55.9% (n=394) of patients were above 50 years, whereas 44.1% (n=311) were aged 50 years or below. The laterality of the tumor was similar in both age groups on the right side, 50.2% (n=156) for premenopausal and 53.3 (n=210) for postmenopausal (p=0.226), as was the anatomical sublocation in the external upper quadrant, 44.9% (n=140) for premenopausal and 48.7% (n=192) for postmenopausal (p=0.063). As for T clinical staging, 37% (n=115) were classified as T2 in premenopausal while 47% (n=185) as T1 in postmenopausal (p <0.001); N0, 46.3% (n=144) and 57.6% (n=227) (p=0.043); M0, 92.3% (n=287) and 95.7% (n=377) (p=0.072); and pathological grade T1, 41.8 (n=130) and 48.2% (n=190) (p=0.056); N0, 52.4% (n=163) and 60.4% (n=238) (p=0.121); M0 94.9% (n=374) and 93.9% (n=292) (p=0.332); invasive ductal carcinoma, 86.5% (n=269) and 81% (n=319) (p=0.134); histological grade 2, 42.1% (n=131) and 44.9 (n=177) (p<0.001); nuclear grade 3, 67.2% (n=209) and 54.1% (n=213) (p=0.002); HER2 negative, 75.7% (n=234) and 77.2% (n=295) (p=0.062); estrogen positive, 78.4% (n=243) and 78.4% (n=309) (p=0.731); progesterone positive, 70.6% (n=219) and 68.8% (n=271) (p=0.503); Ki-67 positive, 99.7% (n=303) and 100% (n=368) (p=0.005); and molecular classification defined as luminal B, 57.8% (n=178) and 49% (n=187) (p=0.009), respectively. We observed that in pre- and postmenopausal women with breast cancer, there was no difference in characteristics, anatomical location, and T staging. However, there was a significant difference in histological grade, nuclear grade, and the molecular subtype and staging.
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Grigorian, R. E., V. P. Kurchenko, N. A. Golovnyova, A. D. Lodygin i L. R. Alieva. "Comparative study of the physico-chemical properties of microcapsules with Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum depending on their size". W БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ: НАУЧНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И СВЯЗЬ С ПРОИЗВОДСТВОМ, 212–16. Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт биологической промышленности, 2024. https://doi.org/10.47804/978-5-89904-038-2-2024-212-216.
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Encapsulation by extrusion of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum into sodium alginate made it possible to obtain hydrated microcapsules of various sizes: 805±410, 725±400, 547±300, 304±175 microns. A comparative study of the volume of the internal phase of microcapsules was carried out. The amount of calcium and sodium alginate required to preserve the shell of microcapsules and the number of viable Lpb. Plantarum cells in them, depending on the size, were determined.
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Salii, S. V., A. M. Sobolev, D. A. Ladeischikov, H. Z. Yu i Sh Y. Liu. "Study of methanol emission at frequencies 216—234 GHz in the high mass protostellar object G12.89+0.49 (IRAS18089—1732)". W 51-st All-Russian with international participation student scientific conference "Physics of Space", 318–21. Ural University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3848-1.67.
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Preliminary results of work on the study of the massive protostellar object G12.89+0.49 are presented based on observations made with the ALMA interferometer in the frequency range 216-234 GHz. In the resulting spectra, averaged over an area of 1.6", more than 30 methanol lines were identified, corresponding to transitions with significantly diherent excitation conditions. Temperature estimates range from 60 to 350 K, number density from 104·5 to 10® cm-3, methanol column densities from " 1017 to " 1013 cm-2. The estimates are consistent with those of other authors, but are not unambiguous thus a more detailed analysis of the physical conditions in the facility is necessary.
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Константинов, К. В., М. Ю. Плетнев, В. В. Веткин, В. А. Образцова i Е. П. Юмашева. "THE USE OF THE METHOD OF BIOACOUSTIC CORRECTION IN THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL REHABILITATION OF DRUG ADDICTS". W Антология российской психотерапии и психологии. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54775/ppl.2023.72.47.001.
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У наркозависимых проводились групповые психотерапевтические занятия в сочетании с биоакустической коррекцией (БАК). Обследован 31 человек в период восстановления (19 мужчин и 12 женщин), средний возраст 39 лет. Стаж употребления: от 5 до 20 лет. Средний срок трезвости 8,7 месяца. Процедуры БАК заключались в прослушивании больными акустических сэмплов, скоррелированных с текущей ЭЭГ. Продолжительность процедуры 20 минут, курс – от 8 до 22 процедур. До и после курса БАК проводилось тестирование по десятибальным шкалам. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием Microsoft Excel 2010 и «Statistica 6.0». В ходе коррекции наблюдалось достоверное снижения «эмоциональной лабильности» с 6,6±2,3 до 3,2±2,2 балла (p<0,001), «агрессивности» с 4,8±3,0 до 2,0±1,8 (p<0,001), «времени засыпания» с 4,4±3,0 до 2,2±1,6 (p<0,01), «чуткости сна» с 5,1±2,6 до 2,8±2,5 (p<0,01), «страхов» с 4,9±3,4 до 2,7±2,5 (p<0,05), «колебаний артериального давления» с 2,5±2,9 до 1,4±1,4 (p<0,05), улучшение «концентрации внимания» с 4,5±1,6 до 7,3±1,9 (p<0,001), уменьшение «потливости» с 3,0±3,0 до 1,4±1,7 (p<0,05), «головокружения» с 2,0±2,4 до 1,1±1,4 (p<0,05), «головных болей» с 2,7±2,8 до 1,8±1,8 (p<0,05), «нарушений памяти» с 4,9±2,3 до 3,3±2,5 (p<0,01), «утомляемости» с 6,0±2,8 до 3,6±2,5 (p<0,001) и «метеозависимости» с 4,6±3,2 до 3,7±3,1 балла (p<0,05). Так же снижался уровень тревоги, неконтролируемые приступы ярости и «градус тяги». Со слов пациентов после процедур уменьшалось «напряжение мозга» и «прерывистость мыслей», что существенно увеличивало эффективность групповых психотерапевтических занятий. Наиболее заметные изменения наблюдались после 5-6 процедуры и ближе к концу курса БАК. Представляется перспективным дальнейшие наблюдения за восстановлением функций центральной нервной системы у наркозависимых с применением метода биоакустической коррекции.
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Strokov, A. "НЕКРОПОЛЬ ФАНАГОРИИ – ПЕРВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ РАДИОУГЛЕРОДНОГО ДАТИРОВАНИЯ". W Радиоуглерод в археологии и палеоэкологии: прошлое, настоящее, будущее. Материалы международной конференции, посвященной 80-летию старшего научного сотрудника ИИМК РАН, кандидата химических наук Ганны Ивановны Зайцевой. Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-91867-213-6-93-94.
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In Russian archaeology radiocarbon dating is used in very rare cases when antiquities from historical periods are studied based on coin finds and historical sources which have their own historical chronology. However, this arrangement does not always work, as some graves do not contain items that can be dated to a narrow time span while a great number of graves often have no funerary offerings at all. The State Historical Museum in Moscow houses archaeological materials from the Phanagoria necropolis excavated in 1936. Phanagoria is is the largest city of the Classical period and the early medieval period (540 BC–10th century). The collection from the necropolis excavations has preserved organic carbon-containing finds from grave 21 (the wood served to make a coffin – juniper, and sea algae). These materials were selected for AMS-dating. The following results were obtained: wood: 342–420 calAD, sea algae – 132–241 calAD. Of particular interest is the impression of the coin of the Roman Emperor Valens (364–378) found in this grave. The AMS-date of the coffin wood fully confirms the traditional archaeological dating of the finds whereas the coin offers an opportunity to narrow down the timeline of the grave to several decades (375–420). The older age of sea algae is caused by a marine reservoir effect which must be taken into account during the verification of the radiocarbon age of the consumers the food intake of which probably included algae.
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Canali, DGR, ACW Lopes, CM Meira, LMF Vieira, YG Garoli i L. Rodrigues. "ESTIMATIVA DE INTERVALOS DE REFERÊNCIA (IR): ÁCIDO ÚRICO EM ADULTOS NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL, FERRAMENTA LAB RI EM MINERAÇÃO DE DATALAKE". W Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 7. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6412.
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Objetivo: O ácido úrico (AU) é um metabólito das purinas. Alterações podem ocorrer em doenças, incluindo nefropatias, gota, doenças hematológicas, diabetes e doenças genéticas. Para análise diagnóstica, é fundamental que a interpretação seja baseada em IR adequado para população atendida, o que é um requisito atual do Programa de Acreditação de Laboratórios Clínicos (PALC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os IR disponibilizados pelo fabricante, utilizando banco de dados de grande laboratório da região sudeste do Brasil. Método: Foram minerados resultados de AU entre janeiro e dezembro de 2021. Incluídos no estudo pacientes > 18 anos, ambulatoriais, analisados na plataforma Siemens com resultados dentro da linearidade. Critérios de exclusão: colesterol total > 200 mg/dl, triglicerídeos > 150 mg/dl, glicemia > 126 mg/dl, ferritina > 300 ng/ ml, creatinina > 1,5 mg/dl e PCR >10 mg/dl no mesmo mês. Utilizou-se a ferramenta LabRI nos tratamentos estatísticos e algoritmos em linguagem R, combinando estatísticas paramétricas, não paramétricas e robustas para exclusão de outliers e valores anormais. Estimar IR e intervalos de confiança (IC) para cada partição. Conclusão: Incluídos 49.706 indivíduos (53% mulheres). Realizada a exclusão de 217 outliers; a média e a mediana permaneceram as mesmas após a exclusão (sexo feminino 4,5 e 4,4 e masculino 6,1 e 6,0, respectivamente). Comparando IR do fabricante (3,7-9,2 mg/dl geral) com estatísticas da população atendida, 96,8% dos homens e 76,2% das mulheres dentro do intervalo. Quanto ao sexo feminino, 23,8% estavam abaixo do limite proposto pelo fabricante e nenhuma paciente acima do percentil 97,5. IR mais apropriados para esta população foram estimados em 2,8-6,7 mg/dl para mulheres e 3,8-8,6 mg/dl para homens. Após definição da ferramenta estatística segura e análise multidisciplinar dos resultados, o IR disponibilizado pelo fabricante foi substituído pelos IRs próprios em duas partições.
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Cordeiro, MG, D. Borri, RMSO Safranauskas, RK Kishimoto, JL Silva, MJL Watanabe, AAC Coimbra i EDRP Velloso. "CITOGENÉTICA CONVENCIONAL E MOLECULAR EM MIELOMA MÚLTIPLO: ANÁLISE DE 1462 CASOS EM UM LABORATÓRIO DE CITOGENÉTICA DE ROTINA". W Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 53–54. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6290.
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Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados de cariótipo e FISH em mieloma múltiplo (MM). Método: Mil, quatrocentas e sessenta e duas amostras de medula óssea (janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2021) para cariótipo (n = 823) e FISH MM (n = 639) com seis sondas: amplificação 1q (CKS1B), deleção 1p (CDKN2C), 13q (RB1 e LAMP1), 17 (TP53 e D17Z1), t(4;14)- FGFR3-IGH, t(14;16)- MAF-IGH e, quando aplicável, t(11;14) - CCND1-IGH após seleção de células CD138+. Foi analisada a incidência de anormalidades no painel FISH e no cariótipo de todos os casos e do grupo ao diagnóstico (FISH n = 384, cariótipo n = 434). Ausência de plasmócitos em 10,4% (67/639) em FISH e ausência de metáfases em 0,3% (3/823). No grupo total, observou-se 50,1% (290/572) de FISH alterados, sendo 14,6% (84/572) ganho 1q; 8,2% (47/572) amplificação 1q; 6,4% (37/572) del1p; 25% (143/572) del13q; 7,8% (45/572) del17p; 2,2% (13/572) t(14;16); 6,6% (38/572) t(4;14); e 8,3% t(11;14) (36/430), além de 5,4% (31/578) de outras translocações. Foram visualizados 19% de cariótipos alterados (155/818). A classificação dos casos de acordo com o risco genético M.SMART 3.0 apresentou 106 casos standard, 137 de alto risco, 37 double hit e 10 triple hit. Para amostras ao diagnóstico (n = 384), 53,3% (193/362) de FISH alterados, sendo respectivamente, as taxas: 15,4% (56/362); 8,2% (30/362); 6,9% (25/362); 24,8% (90/362); 6,6% (24/362); 1,5% (6/362); 6% (22/362); 10,3% (25/241); e 6,3% (23/362). Foram visualizados 21% de cariótipos alterados (95/432), classificados como: 78 standard, 93 de alto risco, 18 double hit e quatro triple hit. Conclusão: A incidência de anormalidades detectadas foi de aproximadamente 50% ao FISH e de 20% ao cariótipo. As anormalidades mais observadas foram ganho 1q, del13q e t(11;14), semelhantes às observadas na literatura. Apesar da menor sensibilidade do cariótipo, este pode detectar outras anormalidades clonais não detectadas no painel de FISH.
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Satler, F., IF Porgere, LCF Silva, GM Escott, PAC Freitas, BM Rocha i SP Silveiro. "REFERENCE RANGE OF SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN AND TESTOSTERONE AMONG HEALTHY MEN FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL". W Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 37. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6574.
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Objective: To establish reference ranges (RR) for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total, free and bioavailable testosterone for healthy adult men of southern Brazil. Method: Samples from male donors from a tertiary hospital blood bank were evaluated. SHBG and of total testosterone (TT) were measured using chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence methods, respectively. Free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable (Tbio) were calculated using Vermeulen method, from TT, SHBG and albumin concentration. The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of hormone levels and SHBG were verified to determine the RR by age. Conclusion: 136 healthy men, aged 41 ± 13 years (18-67 years), body mass index 25 ± 3 kg/m2; 79% white ethnicity were included. After dividing the sample into age tertiles (18-29; 30-49; 50-67 years), we found higher SHBG values in the upper tertile when compared to the intermediate and lower tertiles (41 ± 17 vs. 35 ± 12 vs. 29 ± 9 nmol/l, respectively, p < 0.001). TT dosage was similar in the three groups, while calculated FT was significantly lower in the upper tertile compared to the middle and lower tertiles (7.7 ± 1.9 vs. 8.8 ± 2.2 vs. 10.4 ± 3.1 ng/dl, respectively, p < 0.001). Tbio presented a similar behavior (201 ± 50 vs. 229 ± 57 vs. 275 ± 85 ng/dl). SHBG RRs were defined as 16-57 nmol/l for men aged 18-49 years and 21-82 nmol/l for ages 50-67 years. For FT, the RRs were 5-16 ng/dl and 4-11 ng/dl, respectively. For Tbio, the RRs were 135-427 ng/dl and 99-307 ng/dl, respectively. TT was not affected by age, with RR for the total group being 206-805 ng/dl. Since there is dissimilarity in the levels of SHBG, FT and Tbio with age, we propose different RRs after 50 years of age in our population. TT values did not decrease with age, possibly due to the simultaneous increase in SHBG and due to maximum limit of 67 years of age of the population.
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Ranieri, Pietro J., Rebecca Trillo, Yosef Landesman, William Senapedis, Dilara McCauley, Sharon Shacham, Michael Kauffman, John M. Maris i Edward F. Attiyeh. "Abstract 501: Inhibition of exportin 1 (XPO1) by selinexor (KPT-330) synergistically suppresses growth of neuroblastoma in combination with doxorubicin or bromodomain inhibition". W Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-501.
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Kasteckas, JB, N. Medeiros Junior, AC Carvalho, AR Rinaldi i RMF Souza. "SÍNDROME DE SÉZARY: RELATO DE CASO EM UM PACIENTE DE HOSPITAL TERCIÁRIO". W Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 52. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6236.
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Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico de síndrome de Sézary (SS), destacando a importância do estudo morfológico das células de Sézary. Método: Consulta aos dados clínicos em um prontuário eletrônico; realização de hemograma automatizado e revisão morfológica por microscopia óptica convencional. Caso: M. A. O., 56 anos de idade, sexo feminino, apresentando ao exame físico áreas de eritrodermia com ilhas de pele sã e atrofia em palmas, sendo aventada a hipótese diagnóstica de micose fungoide. Exames complementares: Hb 12,6; Ht 37,6; leucócitos 10190 (neutrófilos 5620 + linfócitos 3780); pesquisa de células de Sézary + correspondendo a 2192/mm3 (58%); plaquetas 350000; HTLV ½; sífilis e demais sorologias negativas. Imunofenotipagem sangue periférico: 52,3% linfócitos T, sendo 96,1% CD4+ e 3,3% CD8+ (relação CD8/ CD4 = 29/1), CD26nos linfócitos T CD4+; perda parcial de CD7 em 60% nessa mesma população. Determinado diagnóstico de síndrome de Sézary. Conclusão: SS é uma doença rara que representa 5% de todos os linfomas cutâneos de células T. Foi definida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) por eritrodermia, linfadenopatia generalizada, presença de células T neoplásicas clonais [células de Sézary (CS)] em pele, linfonodos e sangue periférico. Um ou mais dos seguintes critérios são necessários para diagnóstico: contagem de CS absoluta ≥ 1000/µl – caracterizadas por linfócitos com núcleos cerebriformes hiperconvolutos; aumento de células T CD4+, alterando a razão CD4:CD8 ≥ 10; perda de antígenos de células T(1). Células T neoplásicas apresentam um fenótipo CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, CD7e CD26-. A citometria de fluxo do sangue periférico evidencia células T CD4+/CD7(> 30%) ou CD4+/CD26(> 40%)(1). O diagnóstico diferencial entre SS e dermatoses inflamatórias eritrodérmicas é difícil, pois a clonalidade de células T pode ser observada em condições inflamatórias; perda parcial de marcadores de células T; no início, nem todos os pacientes SS têm CD4:CD8 ≥ 10. Assim, a identificação inequívoca das CS torna-se crucial na determinação diagnóstica(2). Referências: 1. WHO Classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Revised 4th edition. 2017. 2. Pulitzer MP, Horna P, Almeida J. Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides: an overview, including the role of immunophenotyping. Official J Int Clin Cytometry Soc. Clinical Cytometry Part B. 2020.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "541.370 212"
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เตชะกำพุ, มงคล, เอกชาติ พรหมดิเรก, นวเพ็ญ ภูติกนิษฐ์ i จินดา สิงห์ลอ. การศึกษาการเก็บโอโอไซต์ซ้ำด้วยเทคนิคใช้เครื่องมือคลื่นความถี่สูงสอดเข้าทางปากช่องคลอดในลูกกระบือปลักก่อนวัยเจริญพันธุ์ : รายงานผลงานวิจัย. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2001. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2001.76.
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จุดมุ่งหมายของการวิจัยนี้เพื่อศึกษาผลของการเก็บโอโอไซต์ด้วยการใช้เข็มเจาะดูดร่วมกับเครื่องมือคลื่นเสียงความถี่สูงสอดผ่านทางช่องคลอด (โอพียู) ซ้ำหลายครั้ง ในลูกกระบือปลักจำนวน 9 ตัว ทำการฝังฮอร์โมนโปรเจสเตอโรนที่ใบหู 7 วันก่อนทำการกระตุ้นด้วยฟอลลิเคิล สติมูเลติงฮอร์โมน (เอฟเอสเอช) ขนาด 180 มิลลิกรัม แบ่งฉีดเช้าและเย็น 3 วันติดต่อกัน (40x40,30x30,20x20) ร่วมกับโกนาโดโทรปิน รีลิสซิง ฮอร์โมน (จีเอ็นอาร์เอช) ตรวจการตอบสนองของรังไข่หลังกระตุ้นและทำการดูดเก็บโอโอไซต์ด้วยแรงดูด 80-100 mmHg หลังจากฉีดจีเอ็นอาร์เอช 24 ชั่วโมง ห่างกันทุกๆ 2 สัปดาห์ 5 ครั้ง รวมทั้งหมด 42 ครั้ง ผลการศึกษาพบว่าลูกกระบือมีการตอบสนองต่อการกระตุ้นเท่ากับ 6.6+-3.6 ฟอลลิเคิลต่อตัว (n=256) คิดเป็น 88.1%(37/42) มีขนาดของฟอลลิเคิลที่พบหลังกระตุ้นเฉลี่ยเท่ากับ 5.0+-2.0 มิลลิเมตรผลการเก็บโอโอไซต์ที่ได้ในลูกกระบือเท่ากับ 5.4+-3.7 โอโอไซต์ต่อตัว คิดเป็น 82.4%(212/256) การเก็บโอโอไซต์แบบโอพียูหลายครั้งไม่มีผลกระทบต่ออัตราการเก็บ ครั้งที่ 1,2,3,4 และ 5 ให้อัตราการเก็บเท่ากับ 83.2%(43/50), 82.5%(54/66), 81.3%(42/52), 68.8%(27/36), 87.9%(46/52) ตามลำดับ จากการศึกษาพบว่าการเก็บโอโอไซต์ซ้ำแบบโอพียูไม่มีผลต่ออัตราการเก็บและคุณภาพของโอโอไซต์
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Vigil-Holterman, Luciana R., i Robert A. Lechel. Class 1 Permit Modification Notification Addition of Structures within Technical Area 54, Area G, Pad 11, Dome 375 Los Alamos National Laboratory Hazardous Waste Facility Permit, July 2012. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050460.
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Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich i David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
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The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar i Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.
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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Delwiche, Michael, Yael Edan i Yoav Sarig. An Inspection System for Sorting Fruit with Machine Vision. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7612831.bard.
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Concepts for real-time grading of fruits and vegetables were developed, including multi-spectral imaging with structured illumination to detect and distinguish surface defects from concavities. Based on these concepts, a single-lane conveyor and inspection system were designed and evaluated. Image processing algorithms were developed to inspect and grade large quasi-spherical fruits (peaches and apples) and smaller dried fruits (dates). Adjusting defect pixel thresholds to achieve a 25% error rate on good apples, classification errors for bruise, crack, and cut classes were 51%, 42%, and 46%, respectively. Comparable results for bruise, scar, and cut peach clases were 48%, 22%, and 58%, respectively. Acquiring more than two images of each fruit and using more than six lines of structured illumination per fruit would reduce sorting errors. Doing so, potential sorting error rates for bruise, crack, and cut apple classes were estimated to be 38%, 38%, and 33%, respectively. Similarly, potential error rates for the bruitse, scar, and cut peach classes were 9%, 3%, and 30%, respectively. Date size classification results were good: 68% within one size class and 98% within two size classes. Date quality classification results were not adequate due to the problem of blistering. Improved features were discussed. The most significant contribution of this research was the on-going collaboration with producers and equipment manufacturers, and the resulting transfer of research ideas to expedite the commercial application of machine vision for postharvest inspection and grading of agricultural products.
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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen i Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie i Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, sierpień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network white pine monitoring: 2022 annual report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301003.
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Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2022 field season, which was the ninth year of monitoring in SEKI and YOSE. The 2021 goal was to complete the first full measure of the third of three rotating panels (Panel 3) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. Partial measures of Panel 3 were completed in 2017 (11 plots) in Yosemite whitebark pine, in 2017 (9 plots) in SEKI whitebark pine, and in 2014 (7 plots) and 2017-2018 (8, 1 plots) in foxtail pine. In 2022, the first full measure of all Panel 3 plots (and 2nd or 3rd remeasure of most plots) was successfully completed, and installation was completed on four of these plots in SEKI whitebark pine and two in foxtail pine. In total, the crew visited 36 sites during the 2022 field season, all from Panel 3. Within the 36 completed Panel 1 plots, a total of 6,398 trees were measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, and female cone production were recorded. During the 2022 field season crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, all 12 Panel 3 whitebark pine plots were measured. A total of 2,720 trees were sampled, which included 977 live whitebark pine trees and 1,605 other live conifers. An additional 135 trees (including 26 whitebark) were recorded as dead. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 81 (SD = 94). White pine blister rust (WPBR) aecia were observed on five whitebark pine in one plot in YOSE in 2022, and no trees in any plot had inactive cankers showing three or more indicators of WPBR. WPBR had previously been documented in this plot, so the number of plots where rust has ever been observed in Yosemite remains unchanged at six. However, an infection documented in plot 42 in 2021 was not observed again when the plot was resampled in 2022, so it is possible this number should be five. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one live whitebark pine and three live and one dead lodgepole pine in YOSE in 2022. Despite documentation of many stands impacted by beetle attack in the field crew notes, the quantified rate of MPB attack was lower than in 2021. Twenty-one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 7 (SD = 10) cones/tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 80 (SD = 152) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was 51 and five of the twelve plots contained whitebark seedlings. All 12 Panel 3 SEKI whitebark pine plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on four of these, so this Panel is now fully installed. Within these plots, 2,179 live whitebark pine, 10 live foxtail pine, and 297 other live conifers were sampled (including 5 live western white pine). The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 181 (SD = 125). Although the crew observed white pine blister rust in seven SEKI whitebark Panel 3 plots, no active cankers (aecia) were observed, and no trees displayed 3 of 5 indicators, so no infections were quantified. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in 18 live and 23 dead whitebark pine and 1 live and one dead lodgepole pine within three plots in SEKI. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. Seven percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 3.7 (SD = 3.6) cones/tree. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 700 (SD = 752) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was 19, and two of the 12 plots did not contain any whitebark seedlings. In the foxtail pine Panel 3, all 12 plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on two of these, so installation of the panel is now complete. Within these plots we measured 309 live foxtail pine, 302 live whitebark pine, and 380 other live conifers, including four live western white pine. An additional 112 dead or recently dead trees and 22 unidentified snags were also measured, 19 of which were foxtail pine. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 26 (SD = 26). No signs of blister rust infection or mistletoe were observed on foxtail pine. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one dead foxtail pine, one live whitebark pine, and seven live and one dead lodgepole pines within four plots. Sixty-two percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 33 (SD = 53) cones/tree. Seven foxtail pine seedlings were recorded within five plots, resulting in an estimated 72 (SD = 98) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings and three lodgepole pine seedlings were also found within three additional plots.
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การสังเคราะห์งานวิจัยทางการศึกษาด้วยการวิเคราะห์อภิมาน และการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา : รายงานการวิจัย. สำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาแห่งชาติ, 1998. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.1998.7.
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การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อสังเคราะห์รายงานการวิจัยทางการศึกษาและที่เกี่ยวข้องกัยการศึกษา จำนวน 323 เรื่องที่เสนอในการประชุมทางวิชาการครั้งที่ 9 ของสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาแห่งชาติ การสังเคราะห์งานวิจัยครั้งนี้ ประกอบด้วยการสังเคราะห์ด้วยการวิเคราะห์อภิมานงานวิจัยเชิงปริมาณที่ใช้แบบการวิจัยเชิงทดลอง แบบการวิจัยเชิงสหสัมพันธ์ และการเปรียบเทียบ จำนวน 144 เรื่อง และการสังเคราะห์งานวิจัยด้วยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหางานวิจัยที่เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณลักษณะและการวิจัยแบบบรรยาย จำนวน 179 เรื่อง ในการวิเคราะห์อภิมานเป็นการเก็บรวบรวม และวิเคราะห์ฐานข้อมูล 2 ชุด การวิเคราะห์ชุดแรกใช้งานวิจัยแต่ละเรื่องทั้ง 323 เรื่องเป็นหน่วยในการวิเคราะห์ และมีการกำหนดรหัสตัวแปร 50 ตัวแปร แทนลักษณะจุดมุ่งหมาย เนื้อหาสาระ วิธีวิทยา สภาพ ประวัติการ พิมพ์งานวิจัย และภูมิหลัวของผู้ทำวิจัย ในการวิเคราะห์ชุดที่สองมีการให้รหัสตัวแปรเพิ่มอีก 15 ตัวแปร เพื่อแทนประเภท จำนวนหน่วย และคุณภาพของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง ประเภท และความเที่ยงของเครื่องมือวิจัย ประเภทของตัวแปรอิสระและตัวแปรตาม วิธีการวิเคราะห์และผลการวิเคราะห์ เนื่องจากงานวิจัยบางเรื่องมีการรายงานข้อค้นพบมากกว่าหนึ่งประเด็น ดังนั้นหน่วยการวิเคราะห์ชุดที่สองจึงประกอบด้วยค่าขนาดอิทธิพล 208 ค่า และ ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ 336 ค่าจากงานวิจัย 144 เรื่อง ผู้วิจัยทั้งสองคนแยกกันทำประเมิน และลงรหัสรายงานวิจัยแต่ละเรื่อง เมื่อเสร็จแล้วจึงร่วมกันพิจารณาทบทวนผลการประเมินและแบบการให้รหัส โดยมีการอภิปรายและตรวจสอบซ้ำเมื่อมีผลงานต่างกันเพื่อให้ได้ผลสรุปตรงกัน วิธีการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลประกอบด้วยการประมาณค่าดัชนีมาตรฐาน 2 ดัชนี (ขนาดอิทธิพล และสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์) การตรวจสอบการแจกแจงของค่าประมาณดัชนีมาตรฐาน การบูรณาการค่าประมาณดัชนีมาตรฐาน และการวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างคุณลักษณะงานวิจัยกับดัชนีมาตรฐาน โดยใช้วิธีการที่เสนอโดย กลาส และคณะ, ฮันเตอร์ และคณะ, เฮดเจส และออลคิน และโรเซนทาล สำหรับการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา ผู้วิจัยทั้งสองคนแยกกันศึกษางานวิจัยทั้ง 179 เรื่อง แล้วทำสรุปย่อ และจัดกลุ่มตามเนื้อหาสาระ จากนั้นจึงร่วมกันพิจารณาทบทวนการจัดกลุ่ม และจัดทำโครงร่างการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาร่วมกัน ผลการวิเคราะห์ชุดแรกในการวิเคราะห์อภินานแสดงว่ามีการทำวิจัยตามแนวนโยบายในแผนพัฒนาการศึกษาแห่งชาติฉบับที่ 7 และแผนการศึกษาชาติ พ.ศ. 2535 แต่ละด้านไม่สมดุล งานวิจัยส่วนใหญ่ศึกษาด้านการเรียนการสอน การบริหารการศึกษา การศึกษาเพื่อพัฒนาบุคคล และการศึกษาภาคบังคับ แต่มีงานวิจัยน้อยมากเกี่ยวกับการศึกษาเอกชน การศึกษาสำหรับกลุ่มผู้ด้อยโอกาส มีงานวิจัยประมาณครึ่งหนึ่ง เป็นงานที่ทำเป็นวิทยานิพนธ์ เป็นงานที่ดำโดยครูอาจารย์ และผู้ทำวิจัยส่วนใหญ่มีวุฒิปริญญาโท ประมาณร้อยละ 57 ของงานวิจัยทั้งหมดได้รับทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย แต่มีงานวิจัยเพียงร้อยละ 12 และ 8 ทีมีการการลงพิมพ์ในวารสาร และเสนอในที่ประชุมวิชาการตามลำดับ ด้านวิธีวิทยาการวิจัยพบว่ามีงานวิจัยร้อยละ 37, 19, 12 และ 8 ของงานวิจัยที่ใช้แบบการวิจัยเชิงบรรยาย การวิจัยเชิงทดลอง การศึกษาเปรียบเทียบ และ การวิจัยเชิงสหสัมพันธ์ตามลำดับ แต่มีงานวิจัยเพียงร้อยละ 21, 23, 6 และ 8 ของงานวิจัยที่ใช้การทดสอบสถิติที่ การวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนสหสัมพันธ์แบบง่าย และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอย คุณภาพของรายงานการวิจัยค่อนข้างต่ำโดยมีคะแนนเฉลี่ยผลการประเมิน 62.98 คะแนนจากคะแนนเต็ม 100 คะแนน คุณภาพงานวิจัยแตกต่างกันตามคุณลักษณะงานวิจัย ซึ่งพบว่า งานวิจัยที่มีคุณภาพสูงได้แก่งานวิจัยที่ทำโดย ครู/อาจารย์/ศึกษานิเทศก์ เป็นงานวิจัยที่ใช้แบบการวิจัยและพัฒนา หรือการวิจัยเชิงทดลอง เป็นงานวิจัยที่ได้รับทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย ใช้เครื่องมือวิจัยที่มีคุณภาพสูง และใช้สถิติขั้นสูงในการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล การวิเคราะห์ชุดที่สองในการวิเคราะห์อภิมานแสดงว่าคาเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของค่าประมาณดัชนี คือ ขนาดอิทธิพล และสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ มีค่าเท่ากับ .324 และ 215 ดัชนีมาตรฐานทั้งสองมีค่าแตกต่างกันตามตัวแปรต่อไปนี้ ก) เนื้อหาสาระของงานวิจัย โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีสูง คืองานวิจัยที่ศึกษาด้านสื่อการสอน (.995 และ .413) ด้านการสอน (1.447 และ .500) ด้านการวัดและประเมินผล (.846 และ 359) ด้านหลักสูตร (.673 และ .299) ข) นโยบายที่กำหนดไว้ในแผนพัฒนาการศึกษาแห่งชาติฉบับที่ 7 โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คือ งานวิจัยด้านการศึกษาเพื่อพัฒนาบุคคล (.461 และ .222) การระดมทรัพยากรเพื่อการจัดการศึกษา (.187 และ .396) การศึกษาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี (.279 และ .126) ค) นโยบายที่กำหนดตามแผนการศึกษาแห่งชาติ โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีที่มีค่าสูง คือ งานวิจัยด้านการส่งเสริมการเรียนภาษาต่างประเทศ (1.148 และ .479) เทคโนโลยีการสื่อสารสำหรับการขยายบริการการศึกษา (1.111 และ 440) การส่งเสริมการวิจัยและพัฒนา ((.914 และ .358) การปฏิรูปการฝึกหัดครูและการพัฒนาครูประจำการ (.441 และ .224) การอบรมเลี้ยงดูเด็กและพัฒนาการเด็ก (.355 และ .148) ง) ระดับการศึกษา โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยดับประถมศึกษา (.957 และ .306) ระดับประถมศึกษา (.423 และ .298) การฝึกหัดครู (.750 และ .105) จ) วุฒิของผู้ทำวิจัย โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถาวงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยที่ผู้ทำวิจัยมีวุฒิปริญญาตรีต่างประเทศ (1.705 และ .514) ปริญญาโท (.428 และ 290) ฉ) การเผยแพร่งานวิจัย โดยงานวิจัยที่มีการเสนอในที่ประชุมสัมมนา มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีสูงสุด (1.970 และ.313) ช) ประเภทตัวแปรตาม โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยที่ใช้ตัวแปรตามดังนี้ ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน (.780 และ .375) ความคิด/สติปัญญา (.740 และ .268) พฤติกรรมและสาเหตุ (.612 และ .234) ซ) ประเภทของตัวแปรอิสระ โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยที่ศึกษาตัวแปรอิสระต่อไปนี้ ภูมิหลังของครู (2.101 และ .488) รูปแบบการสอน (1.063 และ .377) การจัดกิจกรรม (.936 และ .418) การฝึกอบรมระยะสั้น 3ข5 วัน (.769 และ .291) การสอนโดยมีกิจกรรม (.722 และ .313) บทเรียนสำเร็จรูป (.873 และ .376) การสอนด้วยสื่อ (.702 และ .339) ญ) วิชาที่สอน โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยที่ศึกษาในวิชาต่อไปนี้ วิชาภาษา (1.032 และ .442) วิชารวมเป็นกลุ่ม เช่น สลน. ในระดับประถมศึกษา (.609 และ .301) คณิตศาสตร์ (.539 และ .324) วิชาครู (.791 และ .360) ฎ) วิธีวิทยาที่ใช้ในการวิจัย โดยงานวิจัยที่มีค่าเฉลี่ยแบบถ่วงน้ำหนักของดัชนีมีค่าสูง คืองานวิจัยที่เป็นการเปรียบเทียบกับเกณฑ์มาตรฐาน (1.348) และ .585) การทดลองที่มีการวัดก่อนและวัดหลัง (1.370 และ .493) การวิจัยเชิงประเมิน (.982 และ .084) แบบการวิจัยและพัฒนา (.974 และ .385) เป็นงานวิจัยที่ใช้การสังเกต (1.555 และ .441) ใช้เครื่องมือวิจัยมีคุณภาพสูง (.602 และ 172) และการวิเคราะห์ด้วยคอมพิวเตอร์ (1.989 และ .389) ผลการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน และการวิเคราะห์การถดถอย พบว่า ตัวแปรคุณลักษณะงานวิจัยอธิบายความแปรปรวนในผลการวิจัยวัดในรูปค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพันธ์ได้ถึง ร้อยละ 33 อิทธิพลของตัวทำนายที่ดีที่สุดเรียงจากมากไปน้อย คือ ประเภทตัวแปรอิสระ (.30) การเสนอผลงานในที่ประชุมสัมมนา (.24) ประเภทงานวิจัย (.20) คุณภาพงานวิจัย (.15) วุฒิของผู้ทำวิจัย (.15) ปีที่ทำงานวิจัยเสร็จ (1.2) และ ขนาดกลุ่มตัวอย่าง (-.17) ผลการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหางานวิจัย 10 กลุ่ม พบว่า ในจำนวนงานวิจัย 179 เรื่อง มีงานวิจัย 14 เรื่องในกลุ่มแรก ศึกษาด้านหลักสูตร และได้ผลการวิจัยเป็นหลักสูตรใหม่ที่พัฒนาขึ้น หลักสูตรที่ตรวจสอบแล้วเหมาะสม มีงานวิจัย 27 เรื่อง ศึกษาปัญหาและวิธีแก้ไขเกี่ยวกับกระบวนการเรียนรู้ ผลการวิจัยพบว่ามีปัญหาระดับปานกลาง และมีปัญหาน้อยเกี่ยวกับคุณลักษณะนักเรียนและผู้สำเร็จการศึกษา มีงานวิจัย 10 เรื่องทำการประเมินวิธีการสอน และพบว่าคุณภาพการสอนอยู่ในระดับปานกลางถึงสูง และเสนอแนะให้มีการพัฒนาบุคลากร มีงานวิจัย 58 เรื่อง ทำการวิจัยด้านการบริหารการศึกษา และให้ข้อเสนอแนะว่ายังมีความต้องการจำเป็นเรื่อง การบริหารงานบุคคล การพัฒนาศักยภาพของบุคลากร แต่การวางแผนและการบริหารจัดการโดยทั่วไปมีความเหมาะสม มีงานวิจัย 9 เรื่องรายงานว่าคุณภาพการนิเทศการศึกษามีความเหมาะสม มีปัญหาระดับน้อยถึงปานกลาง และมีรายงานการพัฒนาชุดของตัวบ่งชี้สำหรับวัดความสำเร็จของการนิเทศ มีงานวิจัย 1 เรื่อง ศึกษาด้านการแนะแนว สรุปได้ว่านักเรียน ครูและผู้บริหาร เห็นด้วยกับการใช้ระเบียบข้อบังคับเรื่องวินัย และการลงโทษ ตลอดจนกระบวนการแนะแนว มีงานวิจัย 27 เรื่อง ทำการวิจัยและพัฒนาด้านการวัดและประเมินผลการศึกษา ได้แบบสอบ/เครื่องมือวัด วิธีการวินิจฉัย/แบบประเมิน รวมกัน 20 รายการ และได้โปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์สำหรับสร้างธนาคารข้อสอบสองโปรแกรม มีงานวิจัย 6 เรื่อง ทำการวิจัยเกี่ยวกับวิธีวิทยาการวิจัย โดยศึกษาวิธีการวัดและประเมินผลการศึกษา และการเพิ่มอัตราตอบกลับแบบสอบถาม มีงานวิจัย 5 เรื่อง ทำการวิจัยเกี่ยวกับจิตวิทยาสังคม และพฤติกรรมศาสตร์ (แม้ว่าจะเป็นการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณ แต่ผู้ทำวิจัยเสนอรายงานในเชิงพรรณาเท่านั้น) และในกลุ่มสุดท้ายมีงานวิจัย 16 เรื่อง ศึกษาเชิงพรรณา/บรรยาย สภาวะ/วิถีชีวิต/ประเด็นสำคัญ ในชุมชน และการบริหารองค์กร จากข้อค้นพบในการวิจัย มีข้อเสนอแนะที่สำคัญ 4 ประการ ประการแรก ควรกระตุ้น และสนับสนุนให้นักการศึกษาทำการวิจัยขั้นสูงในสาขาที่มีการวิจัยน้อยให้มากขึ้น ประการที่สอง ควรมีการนำผลการวิจัยตามตัวแปรที่ให้ค่าเฉลี่ยขนาดอิทธิพลสูงไปใช้ให้เกิดผลในทางปฏิบัติ เพื่อส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ของผู้เรียน และการขยายบริการการศึกษาสำหรับกลุ่มผู้ด้อยโอกาส ประการที่สาม องค์กรที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการวิจจัยควรได้รับการส่งเริมให้จัดกิจกรรมการฝึกอบรมทำวิจัย และจัดกิจกรรมการเผยแพร่ผลงานวิจัยย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ตลอดจนจัดให้มีการพัฒนาระบบสารสนเทศเกี่ยวกับผลการวิจัย และประการสุดท้าย สำหรับการวิจัยต่อไปในอนาคต นักวิจัยควรต้องรายงานค่าสถิติที่เป็นผลการวิจัยเพื่อประโยชน์ในการวิเคราะห์อภิมานต่อไป ควรมีการพัฒนาเทคนิคการวิเคราะห์อภิมานให้ได้ผลการวิเคราะห์ถูกต้องและแปลความหมายได้ครอบคลุมมากยิ่งขึ้น และควรมีการนำวิธีการวิเคราะห์ทางสถิติขั้นสูง เช่น ลิสเรล เอช.แอล.เอ็ม มาใช้เพื่อให้ได้ผลการสังเคราะห์ที่ดียิ่งขึ้นกว่าเดิม
10
Unveiling the cost of internal displacement. Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC), styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55363/idmc.cipy2359.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This report provides country-level estimates on the economic impact of displacement in 22 countries. To do this it uses IDMC’s original methodology. Internal displacement can have a destabilising effect on the lives of those forced to flee their homes, often with significant financial repercussions. It can limit the ability of internally displaced people (IDPs) to contribute to the economy and generate specific needs that must be paid for by the IDPs themselves, host communities, government agencies and the humanitarian sector. With nearly 51 million people living in internal displacement, and an average cost per person of $390, IDMC estimates that the total global economic impact of internal displacement reached $20 billion in 2019. This estimate has increased from $13 billion, or $310 per person, in the two-year period since IDMC’s last assessment. The estimate is based on an original methodology which measures the loss of income when people are forced to flee their homes and the cost of meeting their basic needs in security, housing, health and education.