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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "519.550 285"
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Cherniuk, Hanna, Ihor Kasiianyk, Boris Matviychuk i Olha Matuz. "ASSESSMENT OF HUMIDIFICATION OF THE TERRITORY OF VINNITSA REGION BY THE RATIO OF PRECIPITATION AND EVAPORABILITY". SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 52, nr 1 (30.05.2022): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.5.
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The article contains information on the results of the analysis of the distribution of atmospheric precipitation and humidification in the Vinnytsia region. Vinnytsia region is located in the forest-steppe zone, but belongs to an area with unstable humidification with a high probability of dry years. Both in wet and dry years, the amount of precipitation increases from east to west towards the Carpathians.
To show the patterns of precipitation distribution, published sources and reference books on climate with normative indicators for precipitation for 45 points of the Vinnitsa region were analyzed. The humidification coefficient was calculated in relation to annual precipitation to evaporability.
Analysis of the geographical distribution of precipitation and humidification showed their dependence on relief, orohydrography and exposure of slopes. At altitudes less than 100 m (in the Dniester river valley), the amount of precipitation is 480-490 mm per year and the humidification coefficient is 0.60-0.62, and on windward slopes they increase to 517-520 mm and 0.62-0.64, respectively. On vistas of 100-150 m, the amount of precipitation increases to 504-520 mm and humidification to 0.63-0.65. For heights of 150-200 m, the average precipitation for the year is 500-510 mm and the humidification coefficient is 0.64. Most observation points are located at absolute altitudes from 200 to 300 m. At altitudes of 200-250 m, the amount of precipitation and humidification increases to 490-520-540-560 mm per year and 0.62-0.67-0.70-0.76. At altitudes of 250-275 m, precipitation amounts to 485-505-530-550 mm per year and humidification coefficients 0.63-0.66-0.73-0.75. The largest values of average annual precipitation and humidification coefficients are observed at altitudes of 275-300 and more than 300 m (510-540-550-560-570 mm and 0.65-0.72-0.76-0.77).
The northern territory of the region is located in the zone of optimal humidification of typical forest-steppes. Most of the territory is located in the zone of insufficient humidification (less than 0.7-0.65). A coefficient of insufficient humidification typical of the steppe zone (0.65-0.60) is determined for 16 points in areas south of the latitude of the cities of Gaisin and. Mooded Kurilovtsy. In a warm season, there are 3-5 periods without rains lasting 10-11 days. In 25% of cases, the duration of idle periods increases to 11-20 days, in 5% - to 21-30 days and 1-3% cases to 30-50 days or more.
Thus, the largest amount of precipitation (525-560 mm on average per year) falls in the north and northeast within the Dnieper Upland. In the South Bug Valley, annual rainfall decreases from northwest to southeast to 520-490 mm. On the Podolsk Upland and Vinnytsia Transnistria, the amount of precipitation varies from 500-550 mm per year on watersheds to 490-480 mm in river valleys. In most of the territory south of the latitude of Vinnitsa, humidification is insufficient, and south of the latitude of Gaisin, the humidification coefficient is the same as in the steppe zone (0.64-0.60).
Keywords: Vinnytsia region, climate, humidification coefficient, precipitation, distribution.
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Ahmed, Ahmed Othman. "NOVEL CHEMICAL METHODS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF TRIPTANS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS". European Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology 1, nr 7 (13.07.2024): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/jmgcb.v1i7.741.
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Triptans referred as 5-HT1-receptor agonists are groups of medicines, that are utilized to treat migraine and certain other headaches. İn this study, zolmitriptan and Sumatriptan as a selective serotonin receptor agonist for the 1B and 1D subtypes have been studied. This study was conducted to investigate the qualitative determination of triptan drugs (sumatriptan and zolmitriptan) from their pharmaceutical preparation by using oxidation coupling reaction. We studied the interaction of drugs by using five different type of coupling reactions in the presence of potassium permanganate as an oxidizing agent. The final product was analysed under Uv-VIs spectrophotometer, and it was found that, the resultant product of zol-shc, zol-azo, zol-oxi, zol-chro and zol-blrch give maximum absorbance at 510 nm, 540 nm, 490 nm, 520 nm, 505 nm of wavelength repectively, compare to zolmitriptan at 240 nm. Similar results were observed for suma-shc, suma-azo, suma-oxi, suma-chro and suma-blrch 525 nm, 540nm, 515 nm, 530nm, 520 nm and 480 nm of wavelength respectively compared to pure sumatriptan of 280 nm. These methods provides an effective and less expensive method for measurement of the triptans specially for developing countries
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Руми, Мд Джалал Уддин, i Мухаммад Музибур Рахман. "Влияние термической обработки на твердость и электропроводность алюминиевого композита, армированного наночастицами Al2O3". Металловедение и термическая обработка металлов, nr 7 (30.07.2023): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/mitom.2023.7.59-63.
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Исследовано влияние режимов термической обработки на микроструктуру, микротвердость и электропроводность алюминиевого металломатричного композита (ММК), армированного наночастицами Al2O3 в количестве 2,5 % (масс.). ММК изготовлен методом многостадийного литья с перемешиванием по разным режимам. Проведена термическая обработка ММК по режимам: закалка от 510, 530 или 550 °C с последующим искусственным старением при 140, 160, 180, 200 или 220 °C. Установлено, что композит в литом состоянии имеет микротвердость по Виккерсу 36 HV и электропроводность 45 % IACS. Показано, что термическая обработка повышает твердость и электропроводность ММК. После закалки от 530 °C и старения при 200 °C достигается наибольшее значение микротвердости ММК (45 HV), а после закалки от 530 °C и старения при 180 °C — наибольшая электропроводность (50 % IACS).
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Márton, L. "Fertilisation, rainfall and crop yield". Acta Agronomica Hungarica 52, nr 2 (1.08.2004): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.52.2004.2.7.
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The effect of rainfall quantity and distribution and of N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilisation on the yields of rye, potato, winter wheat and triticale were evaluated in the 42 years of a long-term mineral fertilisation experiment [soil (acidic, sandy, brown forest) × fertilisation (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) × rainfall (quantity, distribution) × crop (rye, potato, winter wheat, triticale)] set up in 1962 under fragile agro-ecological conditions in the Nyírlugos-Nyírség region of Eastern Hungary. The soil had the following agrochemical characteristics: pH (H2O) 5.9, pH (KCl) 4.7, hydrolytic acidity 8.4, hy1 0.3, humus 0.7%, total N 34 mg kg-1, ammonium lactate (AL)-soluble P2O5 43 mg kg-1, AL-K2O 60 mg kg-1 in the ploughed layer. From 1962 to 1980 the experiment consisted of 2×16×4×4=512 plots and from 1980 of 32×4=128 plots in split-split-plot and factorial random block designs. The gross plot size was 10×5=50 m2. The average fertiliser rates in kg ha-1 year-1 were nitrogen 45, phosphorus 24 (P2O5), potassium 40 (K2O), magnesium 7.5 (MgO) until 1980 and nitrogen 75, phosphorus 90 (P2O5), potassium 90 (K2O), magnesium 140 (MgCO3) after 1980. The main results and conclusions were as follows: The rainfall quantities averaged over many years and in the experimental years, and during the growing season, averaged over many years and in the experimental years, were 567, 497, 509, 452 mm for rye and 586, 509, 518 and 467 mm for winter wheat. Rainfall deviations from the many years' average -3% and -13% in the experimental years and during the growing season for potato and 2% and -3% for triticale. During the vegetation period the relationships between rainfall quantity, NPKCaMg nutrition and yield could be characterised primarily by quadratic correlations. Maximum yields of 4.0 t ha-1 for rye, 21.0 t ha-1 for potato, 3.4 t ha-1 for winter wheat and 5.0-6.0 t ha-1 for triticale were recorded when the natural rainfall amounted to 430-500, 280-330, 449-495 and 550-600 mm, respectively. At values above and below these figures there was a considerable reduction in the yield. The results showed that the crop yields were strongly influenced (quadratic correlation) by interactions between N, P, K, Ca and Mg fertilisation and rainfall quantity and distribution.
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Tsapogas, Michael. "Review of Lina Venturas and Lambros Balsiotis (eds), Το έθνος πέραν των συνόρων: «Ομογενειακές» πολιτικές του ελληνικού κράτους". Historein 14, nr 2 (5.10.2014): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/historein.285.
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Lina Venturas and Lambros Baltsiotis (eds), <em>Το έθνος πέραν των συνόρων: «Ομογενειακές» πολιτικές του ελληνικού κράτους</em> [The nation beyond borders: the ‘diaspora’ policies of the Greek state], Vivliorama: Athens, 2013. 510 pp
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Cinakli, H., D. Solmaz, E. Durak Ediboglu, E. Otman Akad, G. Alp, E. Erpek, İ. Kurut Aysin i in. "AB1169 THE PRESENCE OF PSORİASİS MIGHT INCREASES STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN PATIENTS WITH AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30.05.2023): 1815.2–1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.6266.
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BackgroundPsoriasis is one of the most common extra-articular involvement in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients.ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the presence of psoriasis on the clinical and radiological features of patients with axSpA.MethodsIn this single-center study, 657 axSpA patients (mean age; 39.9±11.7, male gender n:411 [62,7%,]) were included in this analysis, according to the criteria of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS). In addition to the initial demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of the patients, radiological damage and progression were also evaluated. Demographic and disease-related characteristics were reviewed according to the presence of psoriasis.ResultsIn total 43 (6.5%) patients with axSpA had psoriasis. While patients with psoriasis had a higher mean age (44.8±12.4 vs 39.6±11.5; p:0.008), their gender distribution was similar (Table 1). According to the ASAS definition, positive family history (55.6% vs 24.5%; p<0.0001) and basal biological use (41.9% vs 25.9%; p:0.023) rates were also higher in psoriasis patients. While activity scores were found to be similar in patients with and without psoriasis; in the psoriasis group, patient-reported outcome measures (night and general low back pain) and function (BASFI) scores were found to be significantly higher. In addition to the presence of basal cervical (50% vs 31.6%; p:0.032), basal lumbar syndesmophytes (40% vs 18.8%; p<0.006), new syndesmophyte development in the lumbar spine (53.3% vs 10.1%); p<0.0001) rate was higher in axSpA patients with psoriasis. Although the baseline mSASS scores were higher in these patients, the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no difference between the groups in terms of hip involvement frequency and progression.ConclusionPresence of psoriasis might contribute significantly to structural damage and function in axSpA patients, independent of activity.Table 1.Demographic, some clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as structural characteristics of patients with axial spondyloarthritis with and without psoriasisPsöriasis (+) axSpA patients n:43Psöriasis (-) axSpA patients n:614Pr-axSpA, n(%)34 (79,1)397 (64,7)0,54Age, year, (mean ±SD)44,8 (12,4)39,6 (11,5)0,008Male sex, n(%)30 (69,8)381 (62,1)0,323Disease duration, (mean ±SD)16,3 (14,4)12,1 (10,0)0,098Smoking, ever, n(%)15/20 (75)232/332 (70)0,627ASAS family history, n(%)20/36 (55,6)134/547 (24,5)<0,0001HLA-B27, n(%)17/31 (54,8)282/491 (57,4)0,777Biological agent usage, n(%)18 (41,9)156/602 (25,9)0,023Peripheral arthritis, n(%)17/38 (44,7)192/558 (34,4)0,197Heel pain, n(%)17/38 (44,7)250/519 (48,2)0,683Hip involvement, n(%)8/38 (21,1)75/507 (14,8)0,300Uveitis, n(%)5/38 (13,2)70/567 (12,3)0,883Dactylitis, n(%)3/39 (7,7)13/567 (2,3)0,077IBD history, n(%)CrohnUlcerative colitis1/37 (2,7)11/510 (2,2)12/510 (2,4)0,628CRP, (mean ±SD)20,1 (29,2)13,8 (21,5)0,422ASDAS-CRP, (mean ±SD)3,1 (1,2)2,8 (1,2)0,143HAQ, (mean ±SD)1,1 (0,8)0,9 (0,7)0,082BAS-night, (mean ±SD)5,5 (2,7)4,4 (3,0)0,032BAS-G, (mean ±SD)5,6 (2,7)4,5 (3,0)0,029PGA, (mean ±SD)5,4 (2,8)4,8 (2,8)0,220BASFI, (mean ±SD)4,6 (3,0)3,6 (2,9)0,035BASDAI, (mean ±SD)4,3 (2,3)4,3 (2,3)0,898ASQol, (mean ±SD)9,8 (5,3)9,5 (8,9)0,559mSASS basal, (mean ±SD)13,1 (21,4)7,8 (16,4)0,056Basal cervical syndesmophyte, n(%)16/32 (50)143/453 (31,6)0,032Basal lumbar syndesmophyte, n(%)12/30 (40)94/500 (18,8)0,006Cervical new syndesmophyte, n(%)5/20 (25)39/235 (16,6)0,340Lumbar new syndesmophyte, n(%)8/15 (53,3)26/257 (10,1)<0,0001New syndesmophyte, n(%)9/21 (48,8)54/285 (18,9)0,009Hip involvement, n(%)5/41 (12,2)69/583 (11,8)0,945Hip progression, n(%)1/24 (4,2)19/322 (5,9)0,725AcknowledgementsDisclosure of Interests: None Declared.
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Николаев, Д. Н., М. И. Кулиш, С. В. Дудин, В. Б. Минцев, И. В. Ломоносов i В. Е. Фортов. "Ударная сжимаемость монокристаллического кремния в диапазоне давлений 280–510 ГПа". Теплофизика высоких температур 59, nr 6 (2021): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0040364421060168.
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Puchalski, Jacek. "Recenzje". Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 11 (29.12.2017): 487–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2017.50.
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Encyklopedia książki. T. 1: Eseje, A-J. T. 2: K-Z, pod red. Anny Żbikowskiej-Migoń i Marty Skalskiej-Zlat, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 2017, 776, 770, [2] s., faksymilia, fotografie, errata, ISBN 978-83-229-3543-9.
Jacek PuchalskiKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskajacek.puchalski@interia.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 487-498.
Loca scribendi. Miejsca i środowiska tworzące kulturę pisma w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej XV- XVIII stulecia, red. nauk. Anna Adamska, Agnieszka Bartoszewicz, Maciej Ptaszyński, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2017, ss. 201, il., ISBN 978-83-235-2764-0.
Anna KamlerKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskaakamler@uw.edu.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 498-504.
Katalog druków XVI wieku z historycznej kolekcji Ossolineum, pod red. Doroty Sidorowicz-Mulak, zbiory wrocławskie opracowały Agnieszka Franczyk-Cegła, Małgorzata Minkowska, Grażyna Rolak, zbiory lwowskie opracowała Iryna Kachur, Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Ossolineum, 2017, ss. 567 [1], XXXII tab., ISBN 978-83-65588-34-0.
Agnieszka Chamera-NowakKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów, Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskaachamera@uw.edu.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 505-510.
Arkadiusz Wagner, Stare druki o sztuce w zbiorach Biblioteki Stacji Naukowej PAN w Rzymie, fotografie Piotr Jamski, Arkadiusz Wagner, Roma: Accademia Polacca delle Scienze, Biblioteca Centro di Studi a Roma, 2016, Conferenze, 133, ss. 160, il., ISBN 978-83-63305-28-04, ISSN 0208-5623.
Krzysztof SolińskiBiblioteka Narodowa, Warszawa, Polskak.solinski@bn.org.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 510-516.
Jan Olaszek, Rewolucja powielaczy. Niezależny ruch wydawniczy w Polsce 1976-1989, Warszawa: Trzecia Strona, 2015, ss. 353 [1], il., ISBN 978-83-64526-28-2.
Marek ToberaKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskamarek.tobera@uw.edu.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 517-522.
Wanda A. Ciszewska, Skażone władzą. Ruch wydawniczo-księgarski na Kujawach i Pomorzu w latach 1945-1956. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2015, ss. 493 [1], tab., płyta CD, mapa, ISBN 978-83-231-3361-2.
Marek ToberaKatedra Książki i Historii Mediów Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa, Polskamarek.tobera@uw.edu.pl
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2017, t. 11, s. 522-530.
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Salmon, Harly Clifford Jonas. "Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan Penyebaran Konten Porno Balas Dendam (Revenge Porn)". Bacarita Law Journal 4, nr 1 (31.08.2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/bacarita.v4i1.10780.
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The dissemination of pornography is regulated by the pornography law, and the offense of decency is regulated in the Criminal Code. Articles 281, 282, 283, 532, and 533 of the Criminal Code prohibit pornography and pornographic acts and provide punishment. The Law Number 19 of 2016 specifically regulates decency in the electronic field, amending the Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Komnas Perempuan reported an increase in gender-based violence on the internet, specifically revenge porn, with cases increasing from 126 in 2019 to 510 in 2020. Law enforcement efforts against perpetrators of revenge pornographic content on social media include preventive and repressive measures.
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Adkin, Neil. "Further Vergilian Etymologizing: Georg., 3, 515-6; Aen. 1, 500-1; Aen., 6, 285-7". L'antiquité classique 75, nr 1 (2006): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/antiq.2006.2601.
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Oliver, Joseph Michael. "Pairs of geometric foliations of regular and singular surfaces". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/280/.
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We examine some generic features of surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space $\mathbb{R}^3$ related to the Gauss map on the surface. We consider these features on smooth surfaces and on singular surfaces with a cross-cap singularity. We study some symmetries between two classical pairs of foliations defined on smooth surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$: the asymptotic curves and the characteristic curves (called harmonic mean curvature lines in \cite{garciasotomayorharmonic}). The asymptotic curves exist in hyperbolic regions of surfaces and have been well studied. The characteristic curves are in certain ways the analogy of the asymptotic curves in elliptic regions. In this thesis we extend this analogy. . We use We produce results on the characteristic curves mirroring those of Uribe-Vargas (\cite{uribevargas}) on the asymptotic curves. By considering cross-ratios of Legendrian lines in the manifold of contact elements to the surface we show that certain properties of the characteristic curves are invariant under projective transformations, and examine their behaviour at cusps of Gauss. We establish an analogy of the Beltrami-Enepper Theorem, which allows us to distinguish between the two characteristic foliations in a natural geometric way. We show that the local properties of characteristic curves may be used to prove certain global results concerning the elliptic regions of smooth surfaces. Motivated by the study of the asymptotic, principal and characteristic curves on surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$, we construct a natural one-to-one correspondence between the set of non-degenerate binary differential equations (BDEs) and linear involutions on the real projective line. We show that one may construct pairs of BDEs that have various symmetric properties using a single involution on $\mathbb{R}P^1$. We study the folded singularities of BDEs, and associate an affine invariant to such points. We show that one may associate a complex parameter to folded singularities that determines the relative positions of various curves of interest. We show that the BDEs asymptotic, characteristic, and principal curves are related to other quadratic forms on surfaces. These include the BDE that defines the lines of arithmetic mean curvature which are studied in \cite{garciasotomayorarith}, and the third fundamental form of the surface. We define a new pair of foliations of a surface which we label the minimal orthogonal spherical image (MOSI) curves which are the integral curves of those tangent directions to a surface that have orthogonal images under the Gauss map, and are inclined at an extremal angle. We establish the configurations of the MOSI curves in a neighbourhood of umbilic points, parabolic points and cusps of Gauss. We construct natural 1-parameter families of BDEs that interpolate between the BDEs we have studied, and establish relationships between these families. We exhibit the existence of a curve of points of zero torsion of the characteristic curves, and a curve of points where the tangent plane to the surface is the osculating plane of a characteristic curve. We determine the behaviour of these curves near cusps of Gauss and umbilic points. We study BDEs with coefficients that vanish simultaneously at an isolated point and with discriminant having an $A_2$-singularity at that point. We show that such BDEs can be grouped into three distinct types, and study the differences between these types in terms of their codimension and the linear parts of their coefficients. We establish the topological configurations of the solution curves in each case with codimension $\leq4$. We study the asymptotic and characteristic curves in the neighbourhood of a parabolic cross-cap, that is, on a singular surface with a cross-cap singularity with a parabolic set having a cusp singularity at the singular point. We obtain the topological configurations of these foliations both in the domain of a parametrisation of such a surface, and on the surface itself. We construct a natural one-parameter family of surfaces with cross-cap singularities in which the parabolic cross-cap is the transition from a hyperbolic cross-cap to an elliptic cross-cap. We study the bifurcations of the asymptotic and characteristic curves in this family.
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Hüpping, Björn [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerdts i Hans Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Pesch. "Regularized Newton Methods for Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Problems With Applications in Model Predictive Controllers / Björn Hüpping. Universität der Bundeswehr München, Fakultät für Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik. Gutachter: Hans-Josef Pesch. Betreuer: Matthias Gerdts". Neubiberg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität der Bundeswehr, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:706-2852.
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Stein, Saskia [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Eiermann, Michael [Gutachter] Eiermann i Oliver G. [Gutachter] Ernst. "Transformation and approximation of rational Krylov spaces with an application to 2.5-dimensional direct current resistivity modeling / Saskia Stein ; Gutachter: Michael Eiermann, Oliver G. Ernst ; Betreuer: Michael Eiermann". Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232492582/34.
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Tunnicliffe, John Neil. "The Italian involvement in Greece from the third century to 167 BC". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e5e90053-2a95-445a-bd58-2d535e5d090a.
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The thesis begins with the question of who were those who appealed to Rome in 230 to provide the pretext for the First Illyrian War. This is followed by an analysis of the mechanics of trade and travel to Greece, and the conditions to be encountered there; also of the honorific inscriptions which provide much of the evidence for the presence. This evidence is then assessed for Delphi, the sanctuaries of Asklepios, Aitolia and other less cohesive presences. The conclusions are in terms of Rome's dealings with Greece up to and including the First Illyrian War, as affected by her allies' presence in Greece. There follows an excursus on the development of early Latin literature, its motivations, themes and relevance in historical context. The period of the Second Punic War is then analysed to see if and how traffic continued to frequent Greece, and how Rome's policy developed from the stance which she had taken in 230. This leads to a consideration of the causes of the Second Makedonian War, and of the differing policies of Flamininus and Scipio Africanus as revealed by their honours, dedications and letters in Greece. The subsequent Italian presence in Delphi, Thessaly, Aitolia, Thrace, the Aigæian, Boiotia and elsewhere is then assessed in its historical context. There is then a broad overview of the presence on Delos throughout the period, with the emphasis on the Syro-Aitolian War and the freeing of the port in 166.
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Goupil, Chantal. "Rome et l'Étrurie méridionale aux Ve et IVe siècles : les modes de contacts". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24480.
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Charron, Patrice. "Intégration du sol sabin : la mesure agraire de Manius Curius Dentatus". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28956.
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Baumann, Paul. "Human Mobility and Application Usage Prediction Algorithms for Mobile Devices". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212427.
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Mobile devices such as smartphones and smart watches are ubiquitous companions of humans’ daily life. Since 2014, there are more mobile devices on Earth than humans. Mobile applications utilize sensors and actuators of these devices to support individuals in their daily life. In particular, 24% of the Android applications leverage users’ mobility data. For instance, this data allows applications to understand which places an individual typically visits. This allows providing her with transportation information, location-based advertisements, or to enable smart home heating systems. These and similar scenarios require the possibility to access the Internet from everywhere and at any time. To realize these scenarios 83% of the applications available in the Android Play Store require the Internet to operate properly and therefore access it from everywhere and at any time.
Mobile applications such as Google Now or Apple Siri utilize human mobility data to anticipate where a user will go next or which information she is likely to access en route to her destination. However, predicting human mobility is a challenging task. Existing mobility prediction solutions are typically optimized a priori for a particular application scenario and mobility prediction task. There is no approach that allows for automatically composing a mobility prediction solution depending on the underlying prediction task and other parameters. This approach is required to allow mobile devices to support a plethora of mobile applications running on them, while each of the applications support its users by leveraging mobility predictions in a distinct application scenario.
Mobile applications rely strongly on the availability of the Internet to work properly. However, mobile cellular network providers are struggling to provide necessary cellular resources. Mobile applications generate a monthly average mobile traffic volume that ranged between 1 GB in Asia and 3.7 GB in North America in 2015. The Ericsson Mobility Report Q1 2016 predicts that by the end of 2021 this mobile traffic volume will experience a 12-fold increase. The consequences are higher costs for both providers and consumers and a reduced quality of service due to congested mobile cellular networks. Several countermeasures can be applied to cope with these problems. For instance, mobile applications apply caching strategies to prefetch application content by predicting which applications will be used next. However, existing solutions suffer from two major shortcomings. They either (1) do not incorporate traffic volume information into their prefetching decisions and thus generate a substantial amount of cellular traffic or (2) require a modification of mobile application code.
In this thesis, we present novel human mobility and application usage prediction algorithms for mobile devices. These two major contributions address the aforementioned problems of (1) selecting a human mobility prediction model and (2) prefetching of mobile application content to reduce cellular traffic.
First, we address the selection of human mobility prediction models. We report on an extensive analysis of the influence of temporal, spatial, and phone context data on the performance of mobility prediction algorithms. Building upon our analysis results, we present (1) SELECTOR – a novel algorithm for selecting individual human mobility prediction models and (2) MAJOR – an ensemble learning approach for human mobility prediction. Furthermore, we introduce population mobility models and demonstrate their practical applicability. In particular, we analyze techniques that focus on detection of wrong human mobility predictions. Among these techniques, an ensemble learning algorithm, called LOTUS, is designed and evaluated.
Second, we present EBC – a novel algorithm for prefetching mobile application content. EBC’s goal is to reduce cellular traffic consumption to improve application content freshness. With respect to existing solutions, EBC presents novel techniques (1) to incorporate different strategies for prefetching mobile applications depending on the available network type and (2) to incorporate application traffic volume predictions into the prefetching decisions. EBC also achieves a reduction in application launch time to the cost of a negligible increase in energy consumption.
Developing human mobility and application usage prediction algorithms requires access to human mobility and application usage data. To this end, we leverage in this thesis three publicly available data set. Furthermore, we address the shortcomings of these data sets, namely, (1) the lack of ground-truth mobility data and (2) the lack of human mobility data at short-term events like conferences. We contribute with JK2013 and UbiComp Data Collection Campaign (UbiDCC) two human mobility data sets that address these shortcomings. We also develop and make publicly available a mobile application called LOCATOR, which was used to collect our data sets.
In summary, the contributions of this thesis provide a step further towards supporting mobile applications and their users. With SELECTOR, we contribute an algorithm that allows optimizing the quality of human mobility predictions by appropriately selecting parameters. To reduce the cellular traffic footprint of mobile applications, we contribute with EBC a novel approach for prefetching of mobile application content by leveraging application usage predictions. Furthermore, we provide insights about how and to what extent wrong and uncertain human mobility predictions can be detected. Lastly, with our mobile application LOCATOR and two human mobility data sets, we contribute practical tools for researchers in the human mobility prediction domain.
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Ventura, Isabel. "A emergência das mulheres repórteres nas décadas de 60 e 70". Master's thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/559.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Sobre as Mulheres apresentado à Universidade AbertaO tema desta dissertação é a emergência das mulheres repórteres, em Portugal, nas décadas de 60 e 70. Na década de 60, Portugal atravessa um período político muito particular da sua história. O regime ditatorial imposto por Oliveira Salazar cerceou a liberdade de expressão e impôs a censura como instrumento de controlo da imprensa. No que respeita ao estatuto de homens e mulheres, estas eram consideradas inferiores aos homens e o acesso a certas profissões estava-lhes vedado. A obrigatoriedade – imposta por lei – de autorização do cônjuge para poderem deslocar-se ao estrangeiro ou para iniciar um negócio –, equiparava-as a menores. Em simultâneo, o país sofre de uma elevada taxa de analfabetismo, a qual afecta as mulheres em particular. Após as eleições presidenciais de 1958 – às quais concorre o General Humberto Delgado enquanto candidato da oposição –, Portugal vive um período de instabilidade social, durante o qual proliferam as manifestações estudantis; ao mesmo tempo, os movimentos de libertação das colónias africanas gritam pela independência. A guerra colonial inicia-se com o conflito em Angola, e rapidamente se alastra à Guiné-Bissau e Moçambique. É durante este período que as mulheres portuguesas começam a aparecer em maior número nas redacções dos jornais. Quem são estas mulheres, em que condições entraram na profissão, como foram recebidas e como é que se caracterizava a relação com os seus pares? Como é que lidavam com a censura, qual o seu posicionamento face ao feminismo, e que condições é que favoreceram este clima de aceitação das mulheres nas redacções? Estas são algumas das questões às quais tentaremos dar resposta
La présente dissertation a pour thème l’émergence de femmes-journalistes au Portugal, pendant la période 1960-1970. Dans les années soixante, le Portugal a traversé une période politique très particulière de son histoire. Le régime autoritaire d’António Oliveira Salazar avait limité la Liberté d’Expression et, par conséquent, la censure s’était imposé comme instrument de contrôle de la presse. En ce qui concerne le statut des sexes, les femmes étaient considérées comme étant inférieures aux hommes. À titre d’exemple, l’accès à certains métiers leur était interdit, ou encore, elles avaient besoin de la permission de leurs époux pour se déplacer à l’étranger. Par ailleurs, le taux d’analphabétisme – qui était très élevé au Portugal –, affectait particulièrement les femmes. Après les élections de 1958 (où le Général Humberto Delgado s’est présenté en tant que porte-étendard de l’opposition), le Portugal a traversé une période de forte instabilité sociale, pendant laquelle se sont multipliées les manifestations estudiantines, ainsi que les appels à l’indépendance de la part des principaux mouvements de libération et d’autodétermination des peuples africains. C’est le début de la guerre coloniale, dont la source a été en Angola, mais qui s’est très vite propagé en Guinée et au Mozambique. C’est pendant cette période, que les femmes ont commencé à prendre place dans les rédactions des principaux hebdomadaires portugais. Qui ont été ces femmes? Dans quelles conditions ont-elles débuté leur activité? Comment ont-elles été reçues parmi leurs pairs? Quelle a été leur relation avec la censure et quelle(s) position(s) ont-elles pris par rapport à l’idéal féministe? Quelles conditions ont favorisé l’acceptation des femmes au sein de la presse écrite? Voici quelques réponses auxquelles nous essayerons de répondre dans notre analyse
This thesis is about Portuguese women who worked as reporters or journalists during the sixties and the seventies. By 1960 Portugal lives a particular political period of its history. A dictatorship has been imposed by Oliveira Salazar and the country had no freedom of expression. Women were considered inferior to men and weren’t allowed to choose some professional activities. By law, Portuguese women were considered minors, since they had to ask for permission to their husbands in order to travel abroad or to start a business. At the same time, the country suffered form the lack of education, especially women. After the presidential elections of 1958, when General Humberto Delgado – the candidate of the opposition -, Portugal lives a period of social instability. Students demonstrate themselves and at Angola, those who claim for independence, start a war. Soon, the conflict will spread to Mozambique and Guinea Bissau. It is during this period that these Portuguese women are going to work as journalists. By this time there are few women at the newspapers. Who are they? How did they got there? How did these women relate with their colleagues? How did they deal with censorship? Are they feminism? These are some of the questions we are trying to response
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Klöcker, Ingo Herbert [Verfasser]. "Modular forms for the orthogonal group O(2,5) / vorgelegt von Ingo Herbert Klöcker". 2005. http://d-nb.info/978590732/34.
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Stein, Saskia. "Transformation and approximation of rational Krylov spaces with an application to 2.5-dimensional direct current resistivity modeling". 2020. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74328.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Fragestellung, inwiefern sich gegebene Verfahren zur Approximation von rationalen Krylow-Räumen zur Berechnung von Matrixfunktionen eignen. Als Modellproblem wird dazu eine 2.5D-Formulierung eines Problems aus der Gleichstrom-Geoelektrik mit finiten Elementen formuliert und dann mittels Matrixfunktionen auf rationalen Krylow-Unterräumen gelöst.
Ein weiterer Teil beschäftigt sich mit dem Vergleich zweier Verfahren zur Transformation bestehender rationaler Krylow-Räume. Bei beiden Varianten werden die zugrunde liegenden Pole getauscht ohne dass ein explizites Invertieren von Matrizen notwendig ist. In dieser Arbeit werden die über mehrere Publikationen verteilten Grundlagen einheitlich zusammengetragen und fehlende Zusammenhänge ergänzt. Beide Verfahren eignen sich prinzipiell um rationale Krylow-Räume zu approximieren. Dies wird anhand mehrerer Beispiele gezeigt. Anhand des Modellproblems werden Beschränkungen der Methoden verdeutlicht.
Książki na temat "519.550 285"
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Torrence, Eve A. (Eve Alexandra), 1963-, red. The student's introduction to Mathematica: A handbook for precalculus, calculus, and linear algebra. Wyd. 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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1963-, Torrence Eve A., red. The student's introduction to Mathematica: A handbook for precalculus, calculus, and linear algebra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
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J, Gaylord Richard, Kamin Samuel N i Gaylord Richard J, red. An introduction to programming with Mathematica. Wyd. 3. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Livy. La Roma legendaria: Libros I-IV. [Barcelona]: Circulo de Lectores, 1999.
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Livy. Istorii͡a︡ Rima ot osnovanii͡a︡ goroda. Moskva: Izd-vo "Nauka", 1989.
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Livy. Titi Livi Ab urbe condita : libri xxxi-xl. Stutgardiae: In aedibus B.G. Teubneri, 1991.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "519.550 285"
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Мельник, В. М. "ОСТГОТСЬКЕ ПОСОЛЬСТВО ДО ШАХІНШАХА ХОСРОВА АНУШИРВАНА (539–540 РР.)". W VІ КОНГРЕС СХОДОЗНАВЦІВ, 24–28. Liha-Pres, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-288-6-5.
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Allison, Penelope M. "Casa del Menandro Supplement". W The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0024.
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The descriptions and measurements in following entries have been translated directly from the inventories compiled by Antonio d’Ambrosio. D’Ambrosio carried out the organization of the finds that were reportedly removed from the Casa del Menandro between 1979 and 1981, and stored in the Casa di Bacco storerooms in Pompeii. These finds had been left in situ, presumably in this house, since its excavation in the 1930s. However, it is not absolutely certain that the artefacts now inventoried as being from the Casa del Menandro were actually all excavated from that house, particularly figurative pieces. Such artefacts are unlikely to have been left in the house and not inventoried at the time of excavation. Also precise provenances, within the house, have not been provided in these recent inventories. Some of these items can be identified as particular finds recorded in the excavation reports, and these have been included in the main catalogue for the Casa del Menandro. For others there are a number of possibilities which are included here and in the main catalogue. None of these artefacts have been studied in detail. Dimensions: 185 mm × 215 mm; d.: 41 mm. Description: fragment of white marble with part of an inscription in two lines (h. of letters: 38 mm): ‘MANTON / MAMI’. Present location: Pompeii Collection, GF (inv. no. 17594, locatable). Reference: Pomp. archive neg. 42120. Discussion: possibly cat. no. 765 or 920. Dimensions: h.: 140 mm; max. diam.: 158 mm. Fabric: yellowish-orange. Description: Cylindrical neck and part of an ovoid body of an amphora. Stamped. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 17595). Discussion: possibly cat. no. 275, 382, 401, 549, 551, 593, or 634. Dimensions: h.: 380 mm; diam. of rim: 113 mm. Fabric: orange. Description: fragments of an amphora of Dressel form 5. Present location: Pompeii Collection, GF (inv. no. 17596, locatable). Reference: Pomp. archive neg. D/82718. Discussion: possibly cat. no. 275, 382, 401, 549, 551, 593, or 634. Dimensions: h.: 152 mm; diam. of rim: 123 mm. Fabric: orange. Description: Fragment of an amphora with a large rounded rim, cylindrical neck, oblique shoulder, and double strap handle from the shoulder to the centre of the neck.
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"John Matheson, England to Delhi: A Narrative of Indian Travel (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1870), pp. 278–286, 347–348, 509–510". W A World History of Railway Cultures, 1830–1930, redaktor Matthew Esposito, 91–96. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351211765-10.
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Jain, Tarun, Payal Garg, Pradeep Kumar Tiwari, Vamsi Krishna Kuncham, Mrinal Sharma i Vivek Kumar Verma. "Performance Prediction for Crop Irrigation Using Different Machine Learning Approaches". W Examining the Impact of Deep Learning and IoT on Multi-Industry Applications, 61–79. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7511-6.ch005.
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Irrigation is an ancient practice that evolved over the years. Irrigation is the method through which a controlled amount of water is applied to plants making the most important recourse of irrigation. Earth is composed of 70% of water of which only 2.5% is fresh. Most of it trapped in snowfields and glaciers with only 0.007% of the earth's water for the needs of mankind. Limited water resources had become the main challenge in farming. In the chapter, machine learning algorithms and neural networks are used to reduce the usage of water in crop irrigation systems. This chapter focus on four mainstream machine learning calculations (KNN [k-nearest neighbor], GNB [Gauss Naive Bayes], SVM [support vector machine], DT [decision tree]) and a neural networks technique (artificial neural networks [ANN]) to expectation models utilizing the huge dataset (510 irrigation cases), bringing about productive and precise dynamic. The outcomes showed that k-nearest neighbors and artificial neural networks are the best indicators with the most elevated effectiveness of 98% and 90% respectively.
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Янышкова, Илона. "К этимологии одного гапакса: старочешское snada". W Sub specie aeternitatis: Сборник научных статей к 60-летию Вадима Борисовича Крысько, 505–11. ИРЯ им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31912/975-5-91172-215-9/505-511.
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Pires, Marcos Cordeiro. "Porque a The Economist está tão brava com a presidenta Dilma?" W Economia e Sociedade: o Brasil e a América Latina na conjuntura de crise do capitalismo global, 275–87. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2014.978-85-7983-559-9.p275-287.
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Fernandes, Silvia Aparecida de Souisa. "A elaboração de políticas públicas para a educação básica e a avaliação do Ensino Médio: análise preliminar de um processo em curso". W Economia e Sociedade: o Brasil e a América Latina na conjuntura de crise do capitalismo global, 193–205. Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2014.978-85-7983-559-9.p193-205.
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Becker, Richard C., i Frederick A. Spencer. "Factor Xa Inhibitors". W Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0021.
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The importance of factor Xa in the initiation and propagation of coagulation, as well as its pluripotential cellular properties, has been discussed previously. Considered collectively, the effects exhibited by this particular protease make it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Factor Xa inhibition can be classified and subcategorized as follows: indirect (antithrombin [AT]-dependent), nonselective (e.g., unfractionated heparin); indirect, semi-selective (e.g., low-molecular-weight heparin); indirect, selective (e.g., fondaparinux); and direct, selective (e.g., DX-9065a [in early stage of development]). Oral factor Xa inhibitors are in phase II testing. Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is a synthetic pentasaccharide that requires AT for selective fXa binding (Petitou et al., 1991). Unlike heparin compounds, fondaparinux does not inhibit thrombin directly nor does it interact with platelets (or platelet-derived proteins). After subcutaneous administration in healthy volunteers, fondaparinux was nearly 100% bioavailable, and absorption was rapid (Cmax within 2 hours) (Donat et al., 2002). Clearance is through renal mechanisms with a terminal halflife of 17 ± 3 hours (slightly longer in elderly volunteers). Overall, drug clearance is 25% lower in patients with mild renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CrCl] 50–80 mL/min), approximately 40% lower in patients with moderate renal impairment (CrCl 30–50 mL/min), and 55% lower in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min). OASIS-5, the largest trial performed to date in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACS), randomized 20,078 patients to fondaparinux (2.5 mg subcuaneous once daily) or enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice daily) for 2 to 8 days. The primary outcome (composite of death, MI, and refractory ischemia on day 9) was 5.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Major bleeding rates were 2.1% and 4.0%, respectively (hazard ratio 0.53; p<.001). By 6-month follow-up, the endpoints of death, death/MI, stroke, and composite of death/MI/stroke were significantly reduced in those receiving fondaparinux. Catheter thrombosis (during PCI) was 3-fold higher in fondaparinux-treated patients compared to those receiving enoxaparin (1.3% vs. 0.5%, respectively) (European Society of Cardiology presentation, September 2005). The clinical use of fondaparinux for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis will be discussed in Chapter 22.
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Schauer, Irene. "Case 18: A Common Misdiagnosis". W Diabetes Case Studies: Real Problems, Practical Solutions, 67–69. American Diabetes Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/9781580405713.18.
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M. is a 59-year-old Caucasian man referred to an endocrinology clinic for assistance with levothyroxine dosing for his hypothyroidism post I-131 ablation for Graves’ disease about 8 years earlier. He had been noting increasing fatigue and weight loss that he associated with his thyroid medication and requested endocrinology consultation. His primary provider had decreased his LT4 dose by 15% 1 month prior to his endocrine visit in response to a reported thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) of 0.25 μIU/mL. The patient had noted no improvement in his symptoms with this change. His past medical history was also notable for an extensive, largely negative evaluation for chronic gastrointestinal pain, and a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes 3.5 years earlier. His medications included metformin (500 mg twice a day), levothyroxine (175 mcg 6 days a week), omeprazole, simvastatin (20 mg once daily), and lisinopril (2.5 mg once daily). He had been tried for a time on a sulfonylurea, but had hypoglycemia during exercise and was returned to metformin. As instructed, he was only checking occasional morning blood glucose levels, and these were all low to mid-100s mg/dL. He reported regular exercise, a generally active lifestyle, and no family history of diabetes.
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Galiza, Kamilla da Silva de, Anderson Guilherme de Lima Soares, Igor Gabriel Siqueira Ribeiro da Silva, Camila Beatriz de Sousa Moura i Franciele Basso Fernandes Silva. "PANORAMA DA MORTALIDADE MATERNA NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL: PRINCIPAIS CAUSAS MORTIS". W SAÚDE DA MULHER E OBSTETRÍCIA: DO ENSINO À ASSISTÊNCIA, 191–98. Wyd. 2. Editora Humanize, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/5206859.2-21.
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Objetivo: Analisar com base epidemiológica os dados da Plataforma SUS fatores ligados à assistência da saúde pública em relação da permanência do alto índice de mortalidade materna na região. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico observacional de série temporal, com abordagem quantitativa a nível regional (nordeste). Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados em 09 de janeiro de 2023, por meio da busca no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), disponíveis na plataforma DATASUS/TABNET, observando os principais fatores para mortalidade materna no período 2016 a 2020 e, portanto, públicos e anônimos em conformidade com o artigo I da resolução 510/2016 da Comissão Nacional de Ética em Pesquisa. Com base nos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram definidos os períodos que ocorreram os óbitos maternos delimitados a 42° de puerpério e seus fatores de riscos que decorreram para a mortalidade materna na região Nordeste do país. As variáveis analisadas, foram contempladas quanto ao Tipo de Causa, Faixa Etária e o Momento da Morte. Resultados e Discussão: Durante o estudo observacional, foram coletados dados de 258 óbitos maternos, sendo entre a maioria acometidas por doenças do aparelho circulatório. Por conseguinte, as neoplasias (tumores) e as doenças do aparelho respiratório provocaram as principais afecções que implicaram na mortalidade materna. Considerações Finais: A razão da mortalidade materna se difere de acordo com suas causalidades, fatores associados à assistência da saúde que restringem a qualidade de vida da população feminina. Entretanto, essas causalidades podem ser evitadas por meio de programas clínico- educacionais que trabalham no planejamento governamental e visam dirimir elevadas notificações de óbitos maternos.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "519.550 285"
1
Haase, Michael A. "Blue-green II-VI Laser Diodes: Progress in Reliability". W Symposium on Optical Memory. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/isom.1996.ofb.1.
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Blue-green laser diodes based on MgZnSSe-ZnSSe-CdZnSe separate confinement heterostructures grown lattice-matched to GaAs substrates have demonstrated performance suitable for optical data storage applications. The 3M-Philips collaboration has demonstrated index-guided devices featuring single transverse mode operation with room-temperature cw output power in excess of 40 mW per facet at wavelengths of 510-520 nm with less than 10 μm of astigmatism. Buried-ridge devices have been demonstrated with threshold currents as low as 2.5 mA. Improvements in p-type ohmic contacts have enabled threshold voltages of 3.7 V.
2
Pan, J. J. "1 × 500 Optic fiber distributive coupler". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tht15.
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Fiber optic local area networks, microwave and optical phased arrays, multiplexers/demultiplexers, and signal processing systems demand distributive couplers with low excess loss as well as low loss deviation. Various techniques, including biconical fusion and channel waveguide, have been experimentally tried out to construct 1 × N couplers, with N less than 100. However, these conventional techniques have disadvantages of poor reproducibility, high insertion loss, and large loss deviation among output ports. A new 1 × 516 multimode fiber optic coupler was fabricated using semiautomated apparatuses, a submicron accuracy alignment technique, and a GRIN lens. The multimode glass fibers have a core diameter of 50 µm and cladding diameter of 125 µm. To minimize the fractional loss at the interface facet of a GRIN lens, the multimode fibers are precisely etched to 40-µm diameter. The well-arranged fiber bundle is then accurately aligned with the GRIN lens and the input fiber. The outputs of the 1 × 516 fiber coupler are individually identified employing an image processing system. Calibration, test, and data recording of the couplers were performed by a multichannel computer-aided measurement system. The 1 × 516 coupler has an excess loss of 5.25 dB and a loss deviation of ±2.5 dB. The excess loss varies less than ±0.2 dB over the temperature range from −20 to ±60°C.
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Keshri, Vikash Ranjan, Samina Parveen, Seye Abimbola, Brijesh Mishra, Mohammed Fahad Khurram, Margie Peden, Robyn Norton i Jagnoor Jagnoor. "510 Beyond numbers: a qualitative study on health workforce challenges in burn care in Uttar Pradesh, India". W 15th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion (Safety 2024) abstracts, A108.3—A109. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2024-safety.258.
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Pereira, AP, AL Dias, AF Félix i MA Pires. "B434 The role of erector spinae plane block in the post-open abdominal surgery care of a paediatric vacterl patient". W ESRA Abstracts, 39th Annual ESRA Congress, 22–25 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2022-esra.510.
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Pham, Khoa, Micah Maxwell, Heather Sweeney, Jesse Alt, Rana Rais, Barbara S. Slusher, Charles G. Eberhart i Eric H. Raabe. "Abstract 510: Novel glutamine antagonist JHU-395 suppresses MYC-driven medulloblastoma growth and induces apoptosis". W Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-510.
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Alduraibi, Fatima, Huma Fatima, Jennie A. Hamilton, Walter Winn Chatham, Hui-Chen Hsu i John D. Mountz. "510 B-cell interferon-β correlates with lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus". W LUPUS 21ST CENTURY 2021 CONFERENCE, Abstracts of the Fifth Biannual Scientific Meeting of the North and South American and Caribbean Lupus Community, Tucson, Arizona, USA – September 22–25, 2021. Lupus Foundation of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2021-lupus21century.28.
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Karanam, Narasimha Kumar, Sivaramakrishna Yadavalli i Michael Story. "Abstract 559: Proteomic analysis of lung cancer cells exposed to tumor treating fields identified the dysregulation of the E2F-Rb-CDK4/6 axis rendering tumor cells susceptible to novel combination therapies that target CDK4/6 and/or E2F". W Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2020; April 27-28, 2020 and June 22-24, 2020; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-559.
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Sleap, Vicky, Sylvia Stoianova i James Harle. "755 Both sides of the story: combining data and lived experience to highlight health risks and inspire action". W Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.559.
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Porteous, Zoe, Emilie Seager i Cristine Sortica Da Costa. "1099 Exploring the Environmental Impact of Inhaled Nitric Oxide Used in Neonatal Units". W Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.510.
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Read, Claire, Melanie Ranaweera i Emily Walton. "384 Impact on PED workload by NHS 111 Referrals- do you want one, some or none?" W Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Glasgow, 23–25 May 2023. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2023-rcpch.510.
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Ouyang, Gaoyuan, Olena Palasyuk, Prashant Singh, Pratik Ray, Vinay Deodeshmukh, jun Cui, Duane Johnson i Matthew Kramer. Final Report FWP-AL-19-510-097: Predictive design of novel nickel-based superalloys beyond Haynes 282. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2283325.
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Sorum, Mathew. Dall?s sheep survey within Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve: July 2023. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303340.
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A minimum count survey of Dall?s sheep (Ovis dalli) in Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve was conducted from July 18 to 20, 2023. The Preserve was last surveyed in July of 2018. The current survey examined the same 7 core survey units as the previous survey and the Ogilvie Mountains. In the core area (the 7 units most often surveyed), 70 sheep (32 ewes, 13 lambs, 6 yearlings and 19 rams) were detected. This constitutes a 75% decrease from the long-term average (284 sheep, 1997?2018) and a 68% decrease from the last survey (221 sheep, 2018). There were 40 lambs, 19 yearlings, and 59 rams per 100 ewes in the core area. Declines varied by space and sex classes. Declines were greater in survey units with historically fewer sheep and lower proportions of ewes (91% decline; 5580 Mountain, Copper Mountain, Diamond Fork, Twin Mountain) versus the survey units with more sheep and higher proportions of ewes (67% decline; Charley River, Cirque Lakes, Mount Sorenson). Across the latter more populous survey units, ewes and rams declined by 70% and 40%, respectively, compared to the long-term average. For the first time, no sheep were observed in two of the survey units (Copper Mountain and Diamond Fork). In the Ogilvie Mountains, 26 sheep were detected (18 ewes, 4 lambs, 0 yearling and 4 rams) representing a 28% decline since the last survey. This translates to 22 lambs, 0 yearlings and 22 rams per 100 ewes.
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Farahbod, A. M., i J. F. Cassidy. Temporal variations in coda Q before and after the 2017 Barrow Strait earthquake (Mw 5.9) in Nunavut and the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake (Mw 7.8) in British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331095.
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In this study, we examine potential temporal changes in coda Q values for two significant Canadian earthquakes in different tectonic environments: the 2017 (Mw 5.9) Barrow Strait earthquake along Canada's northern margin and the 2012 (Mw 7.8) Haida Gwaii subduction earthquake on Canada's west coast. Waveforms from 124 earthquakes (2.0 &lt;/= M &lt;/= 4.6) for ~30 years prior to the January 8, 2017 Barrow Strait earthquake and 66 events (mainly aftershocks of M 2.0-5.3) in about 4 years after the mainshock recorded by the closest seismic station (RES) of the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) were utilized in this study. Based on our analysis, overall average of Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) decreased from 92 (before the mainshock) to 81. The most significant decrease in the frequency range between 2 and 16 Hz is observed for areas corresponding to ellipse parameter a2 of 50, 70 and 80 mainly related to aftershock activity. Precursory Q changes could not be evaluated before the mainshock due to the lack of reported seismicity within 100 km of the recording seismic station for almost 2 years from April 2015 to January 2017. Coda Q values before and after the October 28, 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake in British Columbia show a similar pattern. Waveforms from 249 earthquakes (2.0 &lt;/= M &lt;/= 4.9) in 2 years before the mainshock and 498 events (2.5 &lt;/= M &lt;/= 6.3) in 2 years after the mainshock recorded by the three closest seismic stations of the CNSN were utilized. Overall average of Q0 decreased from 89 (before the mainshock) to 69 (station BNB), from 90 to 79 (station DIB) and from 86 to 78 (station VIB). In general, these results are in agreement with other global studies that show a decrease in Q0 following a major earthquake, likely the result of increased fracturing and fluids in the epicentral region.
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Bedford, Juliet. SSHAP Roundtable: 2021 Ebola Outbreak in Guinea. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.019.
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SSHAP convened a virtual roundtable of expert advisors on Friday 12 March 2021 to discuss the outbreak of Ebola in Guinea declared on 14 February 2021. At the time of writing (19 March 2021), there have been 18 cases (14 confirmed, 4 probable), 9 deaths (including 5 in the community; CFR 50%) and 6 recoveries. Six of the 7 first cases identified were from the family of the first case, a 51-year-old nurse from Gouecke who died in N’Zérékoré on 28 January. Vaccination was launched on 23 February, and as of 17 March, 3,492 people had been vaccinated. The last new case was reported on 4 March 2021.
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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen i Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
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Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville i Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.
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A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
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Rutledge, Annamarie, i Leslie (Leslie Alyson) Brandt. Puget Sound Region. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate, czerwiec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054016.ch.
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As the climate changes over the 21st century, the Puget Sound region's urban forest will be impacted by changing temperatures and precipitation regimes, leading to implications for the people who depend on its ecosystem services. This report summarizes climate change projections for the Puget Sound region and provides an assessment of tree species vulnerability in the region. We used projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones to understand how tree species of interest are projected to tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted trees to stressors such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution, as well as environmental conditions such as shade, soils, and restricted rooting using "modification factors"--an adaptability scoring system for planted environments. The region has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since 1960, and the average temperature is projected to increase by 5.0°F to 8.6°F by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. Precipitation in the region has been increasing by over 0.5 inches per decade since 1960 and is projected to increase by 2.1 to 3.2 inches by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. By the end of the century, the Puget Sound region is projected to shift from hardiness zones 8-9 to zone 9 completely, and from heat zone 2 to heat zone 3 (RCP4.5) or 6 (RCP8.5), depending on the climate change scenario. Of the evaluated tree species, 27% were rated as having high adaptability, 59% were rated as having medium adaptability, and 14% were rated as having low adaptability. Given that the hardiness zone range is projected to remain within the historical (1980-2009) range, we considered both heat zones alone as well as heat and hardiness zones. Considering heat zones only, most of the assessed tree species fell into the low-moderate vulnerability category (57%), followed by low vulnerability (26%) and moderate vulnerability (17%) under both low and high climate change scenarios. The vulnerability ratings remain the same between low and high climate change scenarios because all assessed tree species are considered suitable under both sets (low and high) of heat zone projections through the end of the century. Considering both heat and hardiness zones, most of the assessed tree species fell into the moderate-high vulnerability category (34%), followed by low-moderate (25%), moderate (18%), low (14%), and high (9%). The vulnerability ratings are the same between low and high climate change scenarios because the projected hardiness zone is the same under both scenarios through the end of the century. The vulnerability of individual species is not the only factor to consider when making urban forestry decisions, and this assessment also contains species diversity and human health as additional factors. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, equity and environmental justice efforts, and long-term planning from partnerships to green infrastructure.
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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman i Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.
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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.
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Informe de la Junta Directiva al Congreso de la República - Marzo de 2024. Banco de la República, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-jun-dir-con-rep.1-2024.
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En el curso de 2023 la economía colombiana avanzó en el ajuste macroeconómico requerido para lograr un crecimiento compatible con su capacidad productiva y con la estabilidad externa y de precios. Fue así como después de registrar crecimientos históricamente altos en 2021 (10,7 %) y 2022 (7,3 %), que llevaron el producto interno bruto (PIB) a niveles superiores a los registrados antes de la pandemia, la actividad económica se desaceleró durante 2023, para cerrar el año con una variación anual del 0,6 %. El débil crecimiento económico se explicó por una pérdida de dinamismo de la demanda interna, la cual se contrajo un 3,8 % en 2023, como respuesta, en parte, a las políticas monetaria y fiscal que fueron necesarias para facilitar el proceso de ajuste. La política monetaria contraccionista se ejecutó mediante incrementos progresivos de la tasa de interés de política a partir de septiembre de 2021. Por su parte, el ajuste fiscal implicó una reducción del déficit del Gobierno General, que cayó del 6,5 % al 2,5 % del PIB entre 2022 y 2023. El menor dinamismo de la demanda interna provino fundamentalmente de una significativa contracción de la formación bruta de capital (inversión), principalmente en los rubros de maquinaria y equipo, vivienda y obras civiles. Adicionalmente, el consumo total de los hogares se desaceleró, y sus componentes de bienes durables y semidurables se contrajeron. Un factor en la desaceleración del crecimiento fue el ambiente de incertidumbre que afectó las decisiones de inversión. La moderación de la demanda interna se reflejó en una disminución del déficit de la cuenta corriente de la balanza de pagos, el cual pasaría del 6,2 % del PIB en 2022 al 2,7 % en 2023, contribuyendo a reducir la vulnerabilidad de la economía ante eventuales deterioros en el contexto externo. Igualmente, el ajuste macroeconómico se reflejó en el inicio de la convergencia de la inflación hacia la meta. A pesar de las diversas presiones que todavía subsisten, la inflación cerró el año en el 9,3 % y en enero descendió al 8,3 %, sustancialmente por debajo del pico del 13,3 % registrado en marzo de 2023. Además de la reducción de la inflación, también se produjo una revisión a la baja de la mayoría de las medidas de expectativas de inflación, que ahora señalan más claramente una trayectoria descendente de la variación de precios. Específicamente, la encuesta mensual de analistas que realiza el Banco mostró que entre enero y diciembre del año anterior las expectativas de inflación a un año en la mediana de la muestra se redujeron del 7,7 % al 5,7 % y a dos años del 4,5 % al 3,8 %. Igualmente, las expectativas que se extraen de los mercados de deuda pública ajustadas mostraron reducciones para todos los plazos. La disminución de las expectativas de inflación constituye un avance importante en el propósito de la Junta Directiva del Banco de la República (JDBR) de conducir la inflación hacia su meta a más tardar a mediados de 2025, según lo manifestó en su sesión de noviembre pasado. El favorable comportamiento de la inflación en enero, al descender al 8,3 % y al 7,8 % para la inflación anual total y para la inflación básica, respectivamente, dará un nuevo impulso a la revisión a la baja de las expectativas de inflación a corto y mediano plazos, en beneficio de la convergencia de la inflación a la meta en el plazo propuesto por la JDBR. Los desarrollos favorables en materia de inflación y sus expectativas llevaron a que la JDBR decidiera reducir en 25 puntos básicos (pb) la tasa de interés de política en cada una de sus sesiones de diciembre y enero, para un recorte total de 50 pb. En su sesión de enero todos los miembros de la JDBR coincidieron en que se presentaban las condiciones propicias para continuar reduciendo la tasa de interés de política en el transcurso de 2024, sujeto a la convergencia de las expectativas de inflación a la meta y a los demás indicadores sobre la estabilidad macroeconómica del país. La recuperación de la actividad económica se favorecerá con las menores tasas de interés e incentivos apropiados que promuevan la sinergia entre los sectores público y privado para cumplir sus planes de inversión. Desde esta perspectiva, las proyecciones de crecimiento del equipo técnico prevén una expansión moderada en 2024 de alrededor del 0,8 %, y pronostican que hacia 2025 la economía entraría en una fase de recuperación importante, logrando un crecimiento anual del 3,5 %. Al mismo tiempo, el equipo técnico prevé que la inflación para finales de 2024 sería del 5,9 % y del 2,8 % al cierre de 2025. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Recuadro 1 - El papel de la credibilidad en las acciones de política monetaria del banco central Recuadro 2 - Evolución de los flujos de venta de los inversionistas extranjeros en el mercado de deuda pública local y el papel de los fondos de pensiones como agentes estabilizadores en este mercado durante 2023