Artykuły w czasopismach: „3G Cellular”

1

Hock-Beng Lim. "Beyond 3G [cellular communications]". IEEE Potentials 21, nr 4 (październik 2002): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mp.2002.1044213.

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Shahid, Muhammad Khalil, Tang Shoulian i Ao Shan. "Mobile Broadband: Comparison of Mobile WiMAX and Cellular 3G/3G+ Technologies". Information Technology Journal 7, nr 4 (1.05.2008): 570–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2008.570.579.

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Laiho, J., K. Raivio, P. Lehtimaki, K. Hatonen i O. Simula. "Advanced analysis methods for 3G cellular networks". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 4, nr 3 (maj 2005): 930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2005.847088.

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Brodņevs, Deniss, i Aleksandrs Kutins. "An Experimental Study of Ground-Based Equipment Real Time Data Transfer Possibility by Using Cellular Networks". Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 12, nr 1 (1.07.2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2017-0002.

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Abstract An expanding mobile cellular network data transfer service offers cheaper wireless solutions for various data transfer needs. This paper presents an experimental testing of data transfer performance in 3G and 4G modes. The purpose of testing was to check the possibility of real-time and critical data transfer over the mobile cellular networks. The testing was performed in Riga in July and August 2016 using the most popular mobile service operators in Latvia: Tele2-LV, BITE-LV and LMT. The testing confirmed that the overload of Riga’s 4G networks causes serious service deterioration or even interruption. Riga’s 3G networks are more stable. However, 3G network service quality depends on a cell load. Lightly loaded 3G network meets real-time data transfer requirements of 100 ms one-way delay of the small packet traffic.

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Song, Wei, Weihua Zhuang i Aladdin Saleh. "Interworking of 3G cellular networks and wireless LANs". International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2, nr 4 (2007): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwmc.2007.016718.

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Huy, Dinh Thuy Phan, Jonathan Rodriguez, Atílio Gameiro i Rahim Tafazolli. "Dynamic Resource Allocation for Beyond 3G Cellular Networks". Wireless Personal Communications 43, nr 4 (20.07.2007): 1727–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9339-3.

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Durresi, Arjan, Mimoza Durresi i Leonard Barolli. "Secure Authentication in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks". Mobile Information Systems 4, nr 2 (2008): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/135848.

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The convergence of cellular and IP technologies has pushed the integration of 3G and WLAN networks to the forefront. Gaining secure access to 3G services from 802.11 WLANs is a primary challenge for this new integrated wireless technology. Successful execution of 3G security algorithms can be limited to a specified area by encrypting a user's authentication challenge with spatial data defining his visited WLAN. With limited capacity to determine a user's location only to within a current cell and restrictions on accessing users' location due to privacy, 3G operators must rely on spatial data sent from visited WLANs to implement spatial authentication control. A potential risk is presented to 3G operators since no prior relationship or trust may exist with a WLAN owner. Algorithms to quantify the trust between all parties of 3G-WLAN integrated networks are presented to further secure user authentication. Ad-hoc serving networks and the trust relationships established between mobile users are explored to define stronger algorithms for 3G – WLAN user authentication.

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Hidayat, Taufik, Rahutomo Mahardiko i Mudrik Alaydrus. "Mobile Cellular Technology Forecast for the Indonesian Telecommunications Industry". Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 8, nr 1 (31.03.2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v8n1.226.

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Current mobile telecommunications deployment in Indonesia, based on 2G, 3G and 4G technologies, lags behind many other developing countries because of Indonesia’s larger territory. This paper presents recent data on revenue growth (%) and the number of Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) in Indonesia, divided among 2G, 3G and 4G technologies, and forecasts future revenue growth and numbers of BTSs for the next few years. The results show that, while revenue growth from 2G operation is decreasing and 4G deployment is significantly increasing, there are still significant revenues from 2G services and many 2G BTSs in operation at the end of the forecast period, making it difficult to shut down the 2G networks in the near future.

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Kumar, R. Sudheer. "Multiple Access Technologies for Beyond 3G Wireless Cellular Systems". IOSR Journal of Engineering 3, nr 7 (lipiec 2013): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-03763745.

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Amaldi, Edoardo, Antonio Capone i Federico Malucelli. "Radio planning and coverage optimization of 3G cellular networks". Wireless Networks 14, nr 4 (4.01.2007): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-006-0729-3.

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Oliphant, M. W. "Radio interfaces make the difference in 3G cellular systems". IEEE Spectrum 37, nr 10 (październik 2000): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.873918.

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Mikhemar, Mohyee, Masoud Kahrizi, John C. Leete, Bernd Pregardier, Nooshin Vakilian, Amir Hadji-Abdolhamid, Morteza Vadipour i in. "A Rel-12 2G/3G/LTE-Advanced 3CC Cellular Receiver". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 51, nr 5 (maj 2016): 1066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2016.2514438.

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Yang Xiao, Yi Pan i Jie Li. "Design and analysis of location management for 3g cellular networks". IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 15, nr 4 (kwiecień 2004): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpds.2004.1271183.

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Barreto, G. A., J. C. M. Mota, L. G. M. Souza, R. A. Frota i L. Aguayo. "Condition monitoring of 3G cellular networks through competitive neural models". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 2005): 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2005.853416.

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Dahlman, E. B., i Yu-Chuen Jou. "Guest editorial: Evolving technologies for 3G cellular wireless communications systems". IEEE Communications Magazine 44, nr 2 (luty 2006): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2006.1593547.

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Locatis, Craig, Deborah Williamson, James Sterrett, Isabel Detzler i Michael Ackerman. "Video Medical Interpretation over 3G Cellular Networks: A Feasibility Study". Telemedicine and e-Health 17, nr 10 (grudzień 2011): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2011.0084.

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Nicollini, Germano, Pierangelo Confalonieri, Marco Zamprogno, Riccardo Martignone, Andrea Barbieri, Alberto Minuti, Francesca Girardi, Alessandro Mecchia, Daniele Devecchi i Sergio Pernici. "Highly-integrated analog baseband for 3G WCDMA featured cellular phones". Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 76, nr 2 (18.06.2013): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-013-0096-9.

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Sharma, Shraddha, i Bora E. Baysal. "Stem-loop structure preference for site-specific RNA editing by APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G". PeerJ 5 (6.12.2017): e4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4136.

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APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G cytidine deaminases inhibit viruses and endogenous retrotransposons. We recently demonstrated the novel cellular C-to-U RNA editing function of APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G. Both enzymes deaminate single-stranded DNAs at multiple TC or CC nucleotide sequences, but edit only a select set of RNAs, often at a single TC or CC nucleotide sequence. To examine the specific site preference for APOBEC3A and -3G-mediated RNA editing, we performed mutagenesis studies of the endogenous cellular RNA substrates of both proteins. We demonstrate that both enzymes prefer RNA substrates that have a predicted stem-loop with the reactive C at the 3′-end of the loop. The size of the loop, the nucleotides immediately 5′ to the target cytosine and stability of the stem have a major impact on the level of RNA editing. Our findings show that both sequence and secondary structure are preferred for RNA editing by APOBEC3A and -3G, and suggest an explanation for substrate and site-specificity of RNA editing by APOBEC3A and -3G enzymes.

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Hartung, Frank, Uwe Horn, Jörg Huschke, Markus Kampmann i Thorsten Lohmar. "MBMS—IP Multicast/Broadcast in 3G Networks". International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2009 (2009): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/597848.

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In this article, the Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBMS) as standardized in 3GPP is presented. With MBMS, multicast and broadcast capabilities are introduced into cellular networks. After an introduction into MBMS technology, MBMS radio bearer realizations are presented. Different MBMS bearer services like broadcast mode, enhanced broadcast mode and multicast mode are discussed. Streaming and download services over MBMS are presented and supported media codecs are listed. Service layer components as defined in Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) are introduced. For a Mobile TV use case capacity improvements achieved by MBMS are shown. Finally, evolution of MBMS as part of 3GPP standardization is presented.

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Sosio, Marco, Antonio Liscidini i Rinaldo Castello. "A 2G/3G Cellular Analog Baseband Based on a Filtering ADC". IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 59, nr 4 (kwiecień 2012): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2012.2188458.

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Kang, Kyungtae, Yongwoo Cho, Jinsung Cho i Heonshik Shin. "Scheduling Scalable Multimedia Streams for 3G Cellular Broadcast and Multicast Services". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56, nr 5 (wrzesień 2007): 2655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.899943.

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Thomas, C., M. A. Bickerstaff, L. M. Davis, T. Prokop, B. Widdup, Gongyu Zhou, D. Garrett i C. Nicol. "Integrated circuits for channel coding in 3G cellular mobile wireless systems". IEEE Communications Magazine 41, nr 8 (sierpień 2003): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2003.1222732.

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Gao, Jerry, i Axel Küpper. "Emerging Technologies for Mobile Commerce". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 1, nr 2 (1.08.2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer1020008.

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The emergence and popularity of 2G and 3G cellular networks as well as the high market penetration of mobile devices have created strong demands for introducing new applications in the area of mobile commerce (MCommerce). […]

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Chung, Kwang-Sik, i Jeong-Eun Lee. "Design and Development of m-Learning Service Based on 3G Cellular Phones". Journal of Information Processing Systems 8, nr 3 (30.09.2012): 521–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/jips.2012.8.3.521.

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Ponce-Rojas, Jazmín, Mariana Eslava-Gutierrez, Montserrat Jiménez-Licea i Sergio Vidal-Beltrán. "A Comparison between Theoretical and Experimental Coverage Analysis in 3G Cellular Networks". International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 05, nr 03 (2012): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcns.2012.53019.

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Mu, M. K., J. T. Huangfu, L. X. Ran i K. Zang. "Design of Lightning Protector Compatible for Both 2g and 3g Cellular Systems". Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 20, nr 15 (styczeń 2006): 2167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939306779322495.

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Zaghloul, S., i A. Jukan. "Relating the AAA and the Radio Access Rates in 3G Cellular Networks". IEEE Communications Letters 11, nr 4 (kwiecień 2007): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcom.2007.348302.

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Mar, Jeich, i Jun Ping Huang. "The Complementary Use of 3G WCDMA and GSM/GPRS Cellular Radio Networks". Wireless Personal Communications 43, nr 2 (3.02.2007): 511–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9247-6.

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Luo, J., R. Mukerjee, M. Dillinger, E. Mobyeldin i E. Schulz. "Investigation of radio resource scheduling in wlans coupled with 3g cellular network". IEEE Communications Magazine 41, nr 6 (czerwiec 2003): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2003.1204756.

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Chen, Yu, Jia Shun Ren, Zhi Hao Zheng, Yu Xiang i Wei Yuan Wang. "Development of Satellite/3G+ Multi-Link Communication Terminal Based on Medical Rescue Information System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (wrzesień 2014): 1835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1835.

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This paper introduces a satellite /3G+ multi-link communication terminal based on medical rescue information system, which provides 3G wireless network and satellite communication services and integrates cellular phone, maritime satellite terminal, BeiDou user device and Iridium phone [1]. The new terminal could improve the communication adaptability and transmission efficiency for the emergency medical rescue information system even in hostile environmental conditions [2] (such as earthquake, flood, and war). Tests showed that: this terminal has the advantages of simple access, rapid switch, efficient transmission, it can also guarantee timely and effective interaction of all kinds of information, so as to ensure the time-effect treatment for emergency medical rescue system [3].

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Stirbys, Martynas, i Karolis Žvinys. "INVESTIGATION OF LOAD SHARING IN HYBRID (2G/3G) MOBILE NETWORKS / HIBRIDINIŲ (2G/3G) KORINIO RYŠIO TINKLŲ SRAUTŲ VALDYMO TYRIMAS". Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, nr 3 (13.07.2015): 350–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.798.

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The main purpose of this work is to investigate load sharing methods for 2G/3G cellular networks in order to determine their impact on the network and users. One of the study aims is to analyze the performance of the methods. Moreover the paper provides an overview of the methods circumstances, limitations. Directed Retry and Load Based Handover methods were chosen. Data was obtained from real Lithuanian mobile operator’s network. The paper also discusses the changes in Key Performance Indicators. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – ištirti vartotojų generuojamų informacijos srautų valdymo 2G/3G korinio ryšio tinkluose metodus, siekiant nustatyti jų įtaką tinklui ir vartotojams. Tyrimo metu analizuojamos įvairių srauto valdymo metodų taikymo tikslingumas, įvertinamos jų taikymo aplinkybės, ribojimai. Darbe supažindinama su srautų valdymo metodų įtaka tinklams ir vartotojams. Taikant Directed Retry ir LBHO (angl. Load Based Handover) srautų valdymo metodus analizuojami iš realaus Lietuvos mobiliojo ryšio operatoriaus tinklo gauti duomenys. Rezultatai apibūdinti įvertinus mobiliojo ryšio tinklo kokybinių rodiklių KPI (angl. Key Performance Indicators) pokyčius ir tam įtakos turinčius veiksnius.

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Djuni, Diafari, i I. G. A. P. Raka Agung. "Design and Implementation of Arduino-Based Weather Monitoring System in Rural". Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 3, nr 2 (9.01.2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2019.v03.i02.p06.

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The Weather Monitoring System is an instrument that measures and records meteorological parameters using sensors. This sensor serves as a measuring instrument to measure every change in weather. Output data from sensors will be sent to the web server so that it can be accessed by users or people who need weather data. Weather data obtained from temperature sensors, air humidity, wind direction and speed, and air pressure are processed by the microcontroller and sent to the web server via cellular networks. The data displayed on the web server is a graph according to the value sent by the sensor. This study began a literature study on Arduino Uno, Ethernet shield, BMP180 sensor sensor, DHT11 sensor, wind direction and speed kit, Wifi Router, 3G network modem, equipment that will be realized starting with designing and making hardware and software. Tests carried out in the telecommunications system laboratory include testing air pressure with the BMP180 Sensor, testing temperature and humidity with the DHT11 Sensor, testing kits for wind speed and direction, testing data delivery with the Wifi Router and 3G network modem, and testing all devices. From the system design and testing concluded that the Arduino-based Automatic Weather Monitoring Device on 3G Cellular Networks has good flexibility and precision because the devices can be placed in various places, especially in rural areas. Data Output from sensors can be monitored through the Thingspeak.com website, so users do not need to directly monitor where the device is placed.

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Campos, Rafael Saraiva. "Evolution of Positioning Techniques in Cellular Networks, from 2G to 4G". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2315036.

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This review paper presents within a common framework the mobile station positioning methods applied in 2G, 3G, and 4G cellular networks, as well as the structure of the related 3GPP technical specifications. The evolution path through the generations is explored in three steps at each level: first, the new network elements supporting localization features are introduced; then, the standard localization methods are described; finally, the protocols providing specific support to mobile station positioning are studied. To allow a better understanding, this paper also brings a brief review of the cellular networks evolution paths.

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Ponce-Rojas, Jazmín, Sergio Vidal-Beltrán, Marco A. Acevedo-Mosqueda i Montserrat Jimenez-Licea. "A Geographic Information System Applied to Coverage Maps of 3G Cellular Communications Networks". Journal of Geographic Information System 03, nr 02 (2011): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2011.32010.

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Tanutama, Lukas, Baktiar Halim i Aldwin Kanggara. "Voice Quality Assessment of SIP-PBX Softphone Extension in 3G Cellular Service Environment". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 794, nr 1 (1.07.2021): 012130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012130.

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Seth, Siddharth, Dae Hyun Kwon, Sriramkumar Venugopalan, Sang Won Son, Yongrong Zuo, Venumadhav Bhagavatula, Jaehyun Lim, Dongjin Oh i Thomas Byunghak Cho. "A Dynamically Biased Multiband 2G/3G/4G Cellular Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 51, nr 5 (maj 2016): 1096–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2015.2510023.

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TSAI, Y. R. "Coverage Shrinking and Available Data Rate Variations for 3G CDMA Mobile Cellular Systems". IEICE Transactions on Communications E89-B, nr 3 (1.03.2006): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e89-b.3.739.

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Patil, Gajanan U., i Chandrashekhar N. Deshmukh. "QoS Negotiation and Service Differentiation by CAC Scheme for 3G Wireless Cellular Networks". Science Park I, nr VII (1.09.2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9780/23218045/152013/20.

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Doufexi, A., E. Tameh, A. Nix, S. Armour i A. Molina. "Hotspot wireless LANs to enhance the performance of 3G and beyond cellular networks". IEEE Communications Magazine 41, nr 7 (lipiec 2003): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2003.1215640.

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Ahmed, E., i R. Kohno. "Dependable Medical Network Based on 2G and 3G Cellular Mobile Standards with External Channel Code in Concatenated Code Structure". International Journal of Computer and Communication Engineering 3, nr 4 (2014): 244–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcce.2014.v3.329.

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Misra, P., i A. Tripathy. "A Wideband Printed Antenna for Covering Major Cellular Bands with a C- Shaped Patch". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1, nr 4 (27.08.2012): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v1i4.260.

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In this paper the design of a new multistandard antenna is proposed suitable for major cellular bands. A C-shaped radiator with a microstrip feed line is proposed which supports major cellular communication band like AWS, DCS, DECT, PCS, PHS, 3G, UMTS, DSR, Wi-Bro, ISM, and DMB in the range of 1.7- 2.9 GHz. The designed antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio to achieve such wide frequency coverage. The simulation results of the designed structure in terms of return loss, VSWR and radiation pattern are presented.

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Heydarov, Ibrahim, i Deniss Brodnevs. "Experimental Evaluation of the Shadowing of a Planar Antenna Caused by a Quadcopter Frame". Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 16, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ecce-2020-0006.

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AbstractThe use of mobile data transfer can significantly increase the range of the remote-controlled operation of multirotor aerial vehicles. The planar antennas of ready-to-use 3G/LTE cellular communication dongles provide a low-cost and lightweight communication solution. In this paper, antenna shadowing caused by a quadcopter frame is experimentally investigated. The communication module is a 3G/LTE “Huawei 3372h” dongle with two planar built-in antennas and a receiver diversity function. The quadcopter frame is a widely used “F450” with Nylon arms and a PCB centre. It has been found that in order to minimize the antenna shadowing effect, planar antennas should be installed at the bottom of the frame, in parallel with the frame, with an air gap not less than the distance to the outer boundary of the reactive Near Field (NF).

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Tarapiah, Saed, Shadi Atalla, Kamarul Faizal Bin Hashim i Motaz Daadoo. "Mobile Network Planing Process Case Study - 3G Network". Computer and Information Science 9, nr 3 (30.07.2016): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v9n3p115.

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Third Generation cellular networks (3G) were developed with the aim of offering high data rates up to 2Mbps and 384Kbps for stationary and mobile users respectively which allows the operators to offer a multimedia connectivity and other data services to the end customers. In this work we apply techniques to design a 3G radio network, in particular we study the planning and implementation in developing countries, and state of Palestine as a case study. In order to carry a 3G radio network planning for a selected regions, we must follow a roadmap consists of set of phases; First of all, we must determine the region under study on the digitized map in order to obtain some useful information, such as the area distribution; thus using digital maps gives a good clearness for areas classification, land use, land terrain, heights, vectors, etc. Also we must forecast subscriber profile to perform coverage and capacity dimensioning process to achieve nominal cell plan. This paper work studies Nablus as one of the major Palestinian cities. then, subscriber forecast profile is applied in order to calculate the service traffic demand, the capacity and and coverage requirements, this study is carried in corporation with Wataniya which is one of the leading mobile telecommunication service provider in Palestine. For Nablus city we’ve found that 28 sites are required to be installed to meet the given capacity requirements, on the other hand 46 sites are for coverage. At this point we should make decision about how many site will be implemented. In general we have to select number of sites relative to coverage requirement; so to serve Nablus city by 3G services we should implement 46 sites. At final stage, we have to be sure that our proposed 3G network is suitable not only for the first year of running the 3G services over the deployed network, our design takes into consideration the growth of subscribers number and their demands, so periodically, the networking administrators and the network planning department, assess the network current status and upgrade the network to meet the future demands.

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YOSHIDA, Hiroshi, Takehiko TOYODA, Hiroshi TSURUMI i Nobuyuki ITOH. "A Single-Chip 8-Band CMOS Transceiver for 3G Cellular Systems with Digital Interface". IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E93-A, nr 2 (2010): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e93.a.375.

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Sang, Aimin, Xiaodong Wang i Mohammad Madihian. "Real-Time QoS in Enhanced 3G Cellular Packet Systems of a Shared Downlink Channel". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 6, nr 5 (maj 2007): 1803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2007.360382.

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Munasinghe, K. S., i A. Jamalipour. "Interworked WiMAX-3G cellular data networks: An architecture for mobility management and performance evaluation". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 8, nr 4 (kwiecień 2009): 1847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-wc.2008.080094.

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Kang, Kyungtae, Yongwoo Cho i Heonshik Shin. "A Hybrid Error Recovery scheme for Scalable Video Transmission over 3G Cellular Broadcast Networks". Wireless Networks 15, nr 2 (14.04.2007): 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-007-0038-5.

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Balyan, Vipin, Davinder S. Saini i Bhasker Gupta. "Service Time-Based Region Division in OVSF-Based Wireless Networks with Adaptive LTE-M Network for Machine to Machine Communications". Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2019 (30.05.2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3623712.

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The 3GPP standards have presented the LTE-M as one of the main technologies to provide services to Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT applications are usually short-lived applications like smart sensing, surveillance systems for home or businesses, and data uploading applications like metering. In this paper, the proposed architecture of the base station has a LTE interface which assigns resource blocks (RBs) and another 3G interface which is equipped with orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes. The IoT devices deployed ubiquitously leads to massive machine type communication, which leads to burst traffic on current cellular services. The IoT devices when assigned large resources will reduce the radio efficiency. The work in this paper assigns OVSF codes available on 3G interface to the IoT devices. The LTE resources are used for IoT devices in case of emergency or when resources of 3G interface are 100% utilized. This will solve the problem of both small data transfer and connectivity requirement of IoT devices. The IoT applications are event-driven and time-bound also, and the resources are also reserved for these applications in the proposed work. The simulations and results show that proposed work increases both network efficiency and capacity.

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Mukhopadhyay, Adwitiya, Sidharth Sreekumar, Bobin Xavier i Suraj M. "A Cloud-Based Smartphone Solution for Transmitting Bio-Signals From an Emergency Response Vehicle". International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 10, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.2019070102.

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Most developing countries are currently unable to provide adequate, let alone advanced healthcare support to rural areas. Telemedicine combines the capability of information technology and dedicated people working towards the common goal of providing good quality healthcare in remote areas. In this article, the authors propose a system that can be used to transmit patient vitals like pulse rate, oxygen saturation, and perfusion index readings to a doctor in a remote area, while a patient is in transit. This system uses a smartphone application, a pulse oximeter, and the real-time data transferring capabilities of Firebase (a cloud database). The application has been tested under various network conditions which includes connection types such as 2G (2nd Generation), 3G (3rd Generation), 4G (4th Generation), and Fiber To The Home (FTTH). The work also discusses the possible reasons for the higher performance found in 4G networks over 3G and 2G cellular connections.

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Sukuvaara, Timo, Kari Mäenpää i Riika Ylitalo. "Vehicular-networking- and road-weather-related research in Sodankylä". Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 5, nr 2 (13.10.2016): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-5-513-2016.

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Abstract. Vehicular-networking- and especially safety-related wireless vehicular services have been under intensive research for almost a decade now. Only in recent years has road weather information also been acknowledged to play an important role when aiming to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities via intelligent transport systems (ITSs). Part of the progress can be seen as a result of the Finnish Meteorological Institute's (FMI) long-term research work in Sodankylä within the topic, originally started in 2006. Within multiple research projects, the FMI Arctic Research Centre has been developing wireless vehicular networking and road weather services, in co-operation with the FMI meteorological services team in Helsinki. At the beginning the wireless communication was conducted with traditional Wi-Fi type local area networking, but during the development the system has evolved into a hybrid communication system of a combined vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) system with special IEEE 802.11p protocol and supporting cellular networking based on a commercial 3G network, not forgetting support for Wi-Fi-based devices also. For piloting purposes and further research, we have established a special combined road weather station (RWS) and roadside unit (RSU), to interact with vehicles as a service hotspot. In the RWS–RSU we have chosen to build support to all major approaches, IEEE 802.11, traditional Wi-Fi and cellular 3G. We employ road weather systems of FMI, along with RWS and vehicle data gathered from vehicles, in the up-to-date localized weather data delivered in real time. IEEE 802.11p vehicular networking is supported with Wi-Fi and 3G communications. This paper briefly introduces the research work related to vehicular networking and road weather services conducted in Sodankylä, as well as the research project involved in this work. The current status of instrumentation, available services and capabilities are presented in order to formulate a clear general view of the research field.

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