Rozprawy doktorskie: „3G Cellular”

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Prasad, Saurabh. "Radio over fiber for 3G cellular System." Thesis, Kolhapur Institute of Technology College of Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71529.

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The demand for bandwidth is increasing vigorously. Thus wired network is using fiber optic telephone line instead of coaxial cable. The concept of Fiber to the Home (FTTH) is really coming into picture. Few countries like Japan, Korea etc are leading in this technology. But now the major challenge is how to provide the high speed internet connection wirelessly. Thus the change is to integrate the wireless and optical fiber communication. Wireless Optical Communication

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Chinta, Vivek. "UbiTour: a 3G/WLAN Architecture to Support E-Tourism." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2576.

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Electronic tourism is a new type of application that provides information, often location-based, to tourists. The information includes route guidance, listings of nearby points of interest, guided tours with multimedia presentations and experiences shared by visitors. E-tourism applications can also include storing sound and images recorded by visitors. An architecture to support e-tourism called 'UbiTour' is presented in this dissertation. UbiTour provides different services to visitors such as location-based information, route-guidance, announcements and visitor collaboration. UbiTour aims at using 3G for ubiquitous connectivity and WLAN for high-speed, local information, running on a PDA. WLAN, specifically 802.11, provides a high-bandwidth, broadcast-based connection over a very limited area, while 3G provides a ubiquitous, though lower speed, connection across large metropolitan areas. The services provided by UbiTour have different requirements and constraints, some better suited for WLAN and others for 3G. By seamlessly combining the two technologies, UbiTour can provide a powerful electronic tour guide.

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Munasinghe, Kumudu S. "A Unified Mobility Management Architecture for Interworked Heterogeneous Mobile Networks." School of Electrical and Information Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4063.

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Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) The buzzword of this decade has been convergence: the convergence of telecommunications, Internet, entertainment, and information technologies for the seamless provisioning of multimedia services across different network types. Thus the future Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) can be envisioned as a group of co-existing heterogeneous mobile data networking technologies sharing a common Internet Protocol (IP) based backbone. In such all-IP based heterogeneous networking environments, ongoing sessions from roaming users are subjected to frequent vertical handoffs across network boundaries. Therefore, ensuring uninterrupted service continuity during session handoffs requires successful mobility and session management mechanisms to be implemented in these participating access networks. Therefore, it is essential for a common interworking framework to be in place for ensuring seamless service continuity over dissimilar networks to enable a potential user to freely roam from one network to another. For the best of our knowledge, the need for a suitable unified mobility and session management framework for the NGMN has not been successfully addressed as yet. This can be seen as the primary motivation of this research. Therefore, the key objectives of this thesis can be stated as:  To propose a mobility-aware novel architecture for interworking between heterogeneous mobile data networks  To propose a framework for facilitating unified real-time session management (inclusive of session establishment and seamless session handoff) across these different networks. In order to achieve the above goals, an interworking architecture is designed by incorporating the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as the coupling mediator between dissipate mobile data networking technologies. Subsequently, two different mobility management frameworks are proposed and implemented over the initial interworking architectural design. The first mobility management framework is fully handled by the IMS at the Application Layer. This framework is primarily dependant on the IMS’s default session management protocol, which is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The second framework is a combined method based on SIP and the Mobile IP (MIP) protocols, which is essentially operated at the Network Layer. An analytical model is derived for evaluating the proposed scheme for analyzing the network Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and measures involved in session mobility management for the proposed mobility management frameworks. More precisely, these analyzed QoS metrics include vertical handoff delay, transient packet loss, jitter, and signaling overhead/cost. The results of the QoS analysis indicates that a MIP-SIP based mobility management framework performs better than its predecessor, the Pure-SIP based mobility management method. Also, the analysis results indicate that the QoS performances for the investigated parameters are within acceptable levels for real-time VoIP conversations. An OPNET based simulation platform is also used for modeling the proposed mobility management frameworks. All simulated scenarios prove to be capable of performing successful VoIP session handoffs between dissimilar networks whilst maintaining acceptable QoS levels. Lastly, based on the findings, the contributions made by this thesis can be summarized as:  The development of a novel framework for interworked heterogeneous mobile data networks in a NGMN environment.  The final design conveniently enables 3G cellular technologies (such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) or Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) type systems), Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) technologies, and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networking (WMAN) technologies (e.g., Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) systems such as WiMAX) to interwork under a common signaling platform.  The introduction of a novel unified/centralized mobility and session management platform by exploiting the IMS as a universal coupling mediator for real-time session negotiation and management.  This enables a roaming user to seamlessly handoff sessions between different heterogeneous networks.  As secondary outcomes of this thesis, an analytical framework and an OPNET simulation framework are developed for analyzing vertical handoff performance. This OPNET simulation platform is suitable for commercial use.

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Munasinghe, Kumudu S. "A Unified Mobility Management Architecture for Interworked Heterogeneous Mobile Networks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4063.

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The buzzword of this decade has been convergence: the convergence of telecommunications, Internet, entertainment, and information technologies for the seamless provisioning of multimedia services across different network types. Thus the future Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) can be envisioned as a group of co-existing heterogeneous mobile data networking technologies sharing a common Internet Protocol (IP) based backbone. In such all-IP based heterogeneous networking environments, ongoing sessions from roaming users are subjected to frequent vertical handoffs across network boundaries. Therefore, ensuring uninterrupted service continuity during session handoffs requires successful mobility and session management mechanisms to be implemented in these participating access networks. Therefore, it is essential for a common interworking framework to be in place for ensuring seamless service continuity over dissimilar networks to enable a potential user to freely roam from one network to another. For the best of our knowledge, the need for a suitable unified mobility and session management framework for the NGMN has not been successfully addressed as yet. This can be seen as the primary motivation of this research. Therefore, the key objectives of this thesis can be stated as:  To propose a mobility-aware novel architecture for interworking between heterogeneous mobile data networks  To propose a framework for facilitating unified real-time session management (inclusive of session establishment and seamless session handoff) across these different networks. In order to achieve the above goals, an interworking architecture is designed by incorporating the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as the coupling mediator between dissipate mobile data networking technologies. Subsequently, two different mobility management frameworks are proposed and implemented over the initial interworking architectural design. The first mobility management framework is fully handled by the IMS at the Application Layer. This framework is primarily dependant on the IMS’s default session management protocol, which is the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The second framework is a combined method based on SIP and the Mobile IP (MIP) protocols, which is essentially operated at the Network Layer. An analytical model is derived for evaluating the proposed scheme for analyzing the network Quality of Service (QoS) metrics and measures involved in session mobility management for the proposed mobility management frameworks. More precisely, these analyzed QoS metrics include vertical handoff delay, transient packet loss, jitter, and signaling overhead/cost. The results of the QoS analysis indicates that a MIP-SIP based mobility management framework performs better than its predecessor, the Pure-SIP based mobility management method. Also, the analysis results indicate that the QoS performances for the investigated parameters are within acceptable levels for real-time VoIP conversations. An OPNET based simulation platform is also used for modeling the proposed mobility management frameworks. All simulated scenarios prove to be capable of performing successful VoIP session handoffs between dissimilar networks whilst maintaining acceptable QoS levels. Lastly, based on the findings, the contributions made by this thesis can be summarized as:  The development of a novel framework for interworked heterogeneous mobile data networks in a NGMN environment.  The final design conveniently enables 3G cellular technologies (such as the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) or Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000) type systems), Wireless Local Area Networking (WLAN) technologies, and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networking (WMAN) technologies (e.g., Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) systems such as WiMAX) to interwork under a common signaling platform.  The introduction of a novel unified/centralized mobility and session management platform by exploiting the IMS as a universal coupling mediator for real-time session negotiation and management.  This enables a roaming user to seamlessly handoff sessions between different heterogeneous networks.  As secondary outcomes of this thesis, an analytical framework and an OPNET simulation framework are developed for analyzing vertical handoff performance. This OPNET simulation platform is suitable for commercial use.

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Ruberg, Anders. "Frequency Domain Link Adaptation for OFDM-based Cellular Packet Data." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6328.

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In order to be competitive with emerging mobile systems and to satisfy the ever growing request for higher data rates, the 3G consortium, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), is currently developing concepts for a long term evolution (LTE) of the 3G standard. The LTE-concept at Ericsson is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as downlink air interface. OFDM enables the use of frequency domain link adaptation to select the most appropriate transmission parameters according to current channel conditions, in order to maximize the throughput and maintain the delay at a desired level. The purpose of this thesis work is to study, implement and evaluate different link adaptation algorithms. The main focus is on modulation adaptation, where the differences in performance between time domain and frequency domain adaptation are investigated. The simulations made in this thesis are made with a simulator developed at Ericsson. Simulations show in general that the cell throughput is enhanced by an average of 3% when using frequency domain modulation adaptation. When using the implemented frequency domain power allocation algorithm, a gain of 23-36% in average is seen in the users 5th percentile throughput. It should be noted that the simulations use a realistic web traffic model, which makes the channel quality estimation (CQE) difficult. The CQE has great impact on the performance of frequency domain adaptation. Throughput improvements are expected when using an improved CQE or interference avoidance schemes. The gains with frequency domain adaptation shown in this thesis work may be too small to motivate the extra signalling overhead required. The complexity of the implemented frequency domain power allocation algorithm is also very high compared to the performance enhancement seen.

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Bria, Aurelian. "Mobile Multimedia Multicasting in Future Wireless Systems : A Hybrid Cellular-Broadcasting System Approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Informations- och kommunikationsteknik, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9795.

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Nguyen, Son. "Capacity and Throughput Optimization in Multi-cell 3G WCDMA Networks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4948/.

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User modeling enables in the computation of the traffic density in a cellular network, which can be used to optimize the placement of base stations and radio network controllers as well as to analyze the performance of resource management algorithms towards meeting the final goal: the calculation and maximization of network capacity and throughput for different data rate services. An analytical model is presented for approximating the user distributions in multi-cell third generation wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) networks using 2-dimensional Gaussian distributions by determining the means and the standard deviations of the distributions for every cell. This model allows for the calculation of the inter-cell interference and the reverse-link capacity of the network. An analytical model for optimizing capacity in multi-cell WCDMA networks is presented. Capacity is optimized for different spreading factors and for perfect and imperfect power control. Numerical results show that the SIR threshold for the received signals is decreased by 0.5 to 1.5 dB due to the imperfect power control. The results also show that the determined parameters of the 2-dimensional Gaussian model match well with traditional methods for modeling user distribution. A call admission control algorithm is designed that maximizes the throughput in multi-cell WCDMA networks. Numerical results are presented for different spreading factors and for several mobility scenarios. Our methods of optimizing capacity and throughput are computationally efficient, accurate, and can be implemented in large WCDMA networks.

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Makluf, Cibele Abreu 1984. "Análise de tecnologias 3G visando à estruturação do canal de retorno da TV digital." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260056.

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Orientador: Yuzo Iano Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T04:24:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Makluf_CibeleAbreu_M.pdf: 2538285 bytes, checksum: f1326529bba8081a0da13867a18ce37f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 Resumo: Este trabalho trata da análise das tecnologias de terceira geração (3G) emergentes no mercado, visando uma futura estruturação do canal de retorno da TV digital brasileira recentemente implantada no país. As tecnologias trabalhadas foram o UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems), o WCDMA (Wide Code Division Mobile Access) e o HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access). Essas tecnologias oferecem maiores velocidades de transmissão e melhor qualidade de serviço, e vem conquistando cada vez mais usuários por ter valor acessível e boa qualidade de serviço. Esses fatores motivaram um estudo mais detalhado dessas tecnologias, visando à estruturação do canal de retorno da TV digital brasileira, neste momento ainda não implantado. O estudo dessas tecnologias foi baseado em dois parâmetros de qualidade importantes, que são a latência e a perda de pacotes que serviram de base para uma comparação entre as operadoras que oferecem o serviço 3G no Brasil. A partir dessa análise foi possível determinar a(s) operadora(s) que oferece(m) o serviço com a melhor qualidade e verificar em quais pontos as operadoras podem ser melhoradas Abstract: This work deals with the analysis of technologies for third generation (3G) in the emerging market, seeking a future structure of the return channel of the Brazilian digital TV recently deployed in the country. Among the 3G technologies can be cited, the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems), WCDMA (Wide Code Division Mobile Access), HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access). These technologies offer higher transmission speed and better quality of service, and has been gaining more users to have affordable and good quality service. These factors motivated a more detailed study of these technologies, aiming at structuring the return channel of the Brazilian digital TV, we do not yet deployed. The study of these technologies was based on two important parameters of quality, that are latency and packet loss which formed the basis for comparison of operators offering 3G service in Brazil. From this analysis it is possible to determine the provider that is providing the service with the best quality and check points at which carries can be improved Mestrado Telecomunicações e Telemática Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Marques, Leandro Bento Sena. "Algoritmos de escalonamento e de handoff para redes 3G e 4G." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/261153.

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Orientador: Shusaburo Motoyama Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:39:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_LeandroBentoSena_D.pdf: 3039404 bytes, checksum: 84c76813ec2349c45ae1c49f833c31d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de desempenho dos enlaces diretos dos sistemas CDMA 1xEVDO RA, UMTS/HSDPA e WiMAX com ênfase em escalonadores de dados e nos novos critérios de aceitação de tráfego handoff horizontal e vertical para redes 3G e 4G. Estes novos critérios de aceitação de tráfego handoff horizontal e vertical levam em conta a ocupação do enlace, a ocupação do buffer, a potência do sinal recebido (RSS) e o tamanho do quantum (DRR) como parâmetros para a decisão do processo de handoff. Além disso, o estudo considera os escalonadores de dados Max C/I (Maximum Carrier Interference), DRR (Deficit Round Robin), PF (Proportional Fair), Pr (Prioritário) e a nova proposta Pr/PF (Priority Proportional Fair). Os critérios combinados aos escalonadores são avaliados pormeio de métricas de QoS em função da chegada de tráfego HTTP interno ou em handoff. Os resultados mostraram que conforme o critério e o escalonador adotados, podem assegurar a QoS dos sistemas móveis e ainda aceitar uma boa quantidade de tráfego handoff. O estudo é baseado em simulações computacionais através da ferramenta de software Matlab Abstract: This work presents a performance study of the forward links of CDMA 1xEV-DO RA, UMTS/HSDPA and WiMAX systems with emphasis on data schedulers and new criteria for horizontal and vertical handoff traffic acceptance in the 3G and 4G networks. These new criteria for horizontal and vertical handoff traffic acceptance take into account the link occupation, the buffer occupation, the received signal strength (RSS) and the size of quantum (DRR) as inputs for decision of handoff process. Moreover, the study considers the data schedulers Max C/I (Maximum Carrier Interference), DRR (Deficit Round Robin), PF (Proportional Fair), Pr (Priority) and the new proposal Pr/PF (Priority Proportional Fair). The criteria combined with the data schedulers are evaluated using QoS metrics in function of internal HTTP traffic or handoff traffic. The results showed that depending on the chosen criterion and scheduler, it is possible to assure the QoS of mobile systems and still accept a good amount of handoff traffic. The study is based on computer simulations through Matlab software tool Doutorado Telecomunicações e Telemática Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Rodrigues de. "Analise de desempenho dos sistemas moveis celulares 2G, 2,5G e 3G." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260571.

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Orientador: Renato Baldini Filho Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T14:02:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_CarlosHenriqueRodriguesde_D.pdf: 6124095 bytes, checksum: d981e4a9e163dc0b358b20c451c92109 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 Resumo: Este trabalho de tese estuda e analisa o desempenho dos sistemas móveis celulares GSM de segunda geração (2G), GPRS de segunda geração intermediária (2,5G) e CDMA2000 de terceira geração (3G). Na primeira parte deste trabalho de tese são avaliadas estratégias de compartilhamento dos canais de comunicação utilizados pelos sistemas GSM e GPRS, em busca daquela que resulte no menor impacto na qualidade dos serviços prestados por ambas as redes. Para esta avaliação, e como contribuição deste trabalho de tese, são desenvolvidos algoritmos aplicados em um simulador de eventos discretos desenvolvido em linguagem de programação C/C++. Os resultados das simulações mostram que a reserva de canais exclusivos ao sistema GPRS apresenta degradação na qualidade de serviço prestado pelo sistema GSM e que a melhor estratégia de compartilhamento é utilizar os canais de comunicação para o sistema GPRS nos momentos em que estes canais não são usados pelo sistema GSM. Na segunda parte deste trabalho de tese são feitas análises de desempenho dos sistemas móveis celulares de terceira geração, CDMA2000 lxRTT e CDMA2000 lxEVDO, baseadas na qualidade do serviço prestado por estas redes operando com várias aplicações simultâneas fim-a-fim entre cliente e servidor. Técnicas de detecção multiusuário e de antenas adaptativas são utilizadas na recepção destas aplicações e é avaliada a nova qualidade de serviço. Para estas análises de desempenho e como contribuição deste trabalho de tese, modelos de simulação são desenvolvidos utilizando a ferramenta OPNET. As redes CDMA2000 lxRTT e lxEVDO apresentam bom desempenho, analisado pelo parâmetro atraso da qualidade de serviço, na passagem de tráfego das aplicações HTTP, E-mail, VoIP, FTP, Telnet e Acesso a Banco de Dados. O desempenho da rede CDMA2000 lxEVDO melhora tanto com detecção multiusuário como com antenas adaptativas em relação ao receptor rake Abstract: This thesis work studies and analyzes the performance of cellular mobile systems GSM of second generation (2G), GPRS of second intermediate generation (2,5G) and CDMA2000 of third generation (3G). In the first part of this thesis work, sharing strategies of communication channels used by GSM and GPRS systems are evaluated to find the one that results in the lowest impact in the quality of services supported by both networks. To this evaluation, and as contribution of this thesis work, algorithms applied in a discrete-event simulator developed in C/C++ programming language are developed. The simulation results show that the reserve of exclusive channels to the GPRS system presents degradation in the quality of service given for GSM system and that the better sharing strategy is to use the communication channels for the GPRS system whenever these channels are not used by the GSM system. In the second part of this thesis work, performance analyses of the third generation cellular mobile systems, CDMA2000 lxRTT and CDMA2000 lxEVDO, based on the quality of service supported by these networks operating with several end-to-end simultaneous applications between client and server are made. Multiuser detection and adaptive antennas techniques are used in the reception of these applications and the new quality of service is evaluated. For these performance analyses, and as contribution of this thesis work, simulation models are developed using the OPNET tool. The CDMA2000 lxRTT and lxEVDO networks present good performance analyzed through the delay parameter of quality of service running HTTP, E-mail, VolP, FTP, Telnet and Data Base Access applications. The CDMA2000 lxEVDO network performance improves using either multiuser detection or adaptive antennas when compared with rake receiver Doutorado Telecomunicações e Telemática Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

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Edsbäcker, Peter. "SIM cards for cellular networks : An introduction to SIM card application development." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-13989.

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A SIM, Subscriber Identity Module, is the removable circuit board found in a modern cellular phone. It carries the network identity information and is a type of smart card which can also be found on payment cards (EMV), ID cards and so on. A smart card is basically a small computer, providing a safe and controlled execution environment. Historically smart card software was very hardware dependent and mostly developed by the manufacturers themselves. With the introduction of the open Java Card standard created by Sun Microsystems (Oracle) this was meant to change. However, information still remains scattered and is hard to obtain. This paper is meant to serve both as an introduction to the field and also as a good foundation for future studies. It begins with a theoretical discussion about smart card hardware and software architectures, network standards in the context of SIM cards, typical applications, coming trends and technologies and ends off with an overview of the Java Card standard. The following section discusses the supplied example SIM card application coupled with an introduction how to use the Gemalto Developer Suite for application development and testing. The paper ends with an extensive appendix section going in depth about some of the more important subjects.

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Silva, Sandro Marcio da. "A gestão das competências organizacionais em empresas da cadeia de valor para provimento de telefonia celular de 3ª geração (3G)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-22102002-125128/.

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A tese teve como objetivo analisar os processos de desenvolvimento e compartilhamento intra-empresarial de competências organizacionais. Foi analisada a relação entre a Telemig Celular e as empresas que com ela compunham, em junho de 2002, a cadeia de valor para provimento de serviços de telefonia celular. O desenvolvimento das competências organizacionais foi analisado à luz da perspectiva de oferta dos serviços de 3G. A Telemig Celular foi analisada por meio de entrevistas e um workshop junto ao corpo gerencial. As demais empresas da cadeia foram abordadas via entrevistas junto às gerências de RH e estratégia. A utilização do modelo de Fransman mostrou que as relações entre as empresas ainda não constituem efetivas parcerias. Os elos mais forte da cadeia indústria de equipamentos, baseada no domínio tecnológico, e operadoras, baseadas no acesso ao usuário final - têm liderado as decisões mais importantes da cadeia. Observou-se que o desenvolvimento das competências organizacionais é mais estruturado na camada 1, em que há claras regras de desenvolvimento e proteção das competências, além de diretrizes e alocação de recursos para a realização de pesquisas. Também os investimentos em RH são existentes e mais conectados com a estratégia organizacional. Nas demais empresas da cadeia encontraram-se áreas de RH reduzidas, quando existentes, e que adotam práticas e políticas de gestão tradicionais. A pesquisa mostrou que falta às empresas e, principalmente, ao RH uma visão integrada de negócios e cadeia de valor, o que tem levado à subordinação das empresas brasileiras e menores às empresas multinacionais e maiores. This paper aimed to analyze the processes of development and intra-company sharing of organizational competencies. It looked at the relationship between Telemig Celular company and its counterparts making up the value chain in June 2002 for providing cellular telephone services. The organizational competency development was considered in the light of the 3G-service supply perspective. Telemig Celular was analyzed through interviews and a workshop with its managers. The other companies in the chain were approached through interviews with their strategy and HR managements. By using Fransman's model it was shown that the company relationships are not effective partnerships yet. The strongest links in the chain equipment industry relying on their technological supremacy, and carriers relying on end user access have been taking the chain's most important decisions. The development of organizational competencies was observed to be more structured in layer 1, where there are clear development rules and competency protection, as well as guidelines and fund allocation for research. Also, HR investments are present, and they are more connected to organizational strategy. In the rest of the chain companies, the research found small HR areas, if any, adopting traditional management practices and policies. And it showed that companies, mainly their HR, lack an integrated view of business and value chain, which has been leading to the subordination of the Brazilian and smaller companies to the multinational and larger ones.

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Queiroz, Eduardo Martinelli Galvão de. "Algoritmo de alocação dinâmica de largura de faixa para redes de comunicação móvel celular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18155/tde-20062008-100444/.

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O crescente aumento da demanda de tráfego nas redes celulares vem aumentando a necessidade de uma melhor utilização dos recursos do sistema, já que sua expansão é custosa. Nas estações rádio base (ERB), a disponibilidade de largura de faixa de freqüências é limitada e desta maneira, em uma rede de comunicação móvel celular, o controle de admissão de chamadas exerce grande influência no desempenho do sistema, pois determina a utilização de banda das ERBs e se uma determinada quantidade de recursos (banda) será alocado ou não para uma determinada chamada. O desempenho da rede pode ser atrelado a determinados parâmetros, como a probabilidade de bloqueio de novas chamadas, probabilidade de bloqueio de chamadas handoff e a utilização de banda da rede. Este trabalho propõe um controle de admissão de chamadas que, no atendimento de uma chamada, faz o empréstimo de banda de chamadas em andamento na célula no caso de banda insuficiente. O sistema adota um mecanismo heurístico que determina a banda disponível para novas chamadas conforme os valores de certos parâmetros do sistema. O empréstimo de banda é realizado em chamadas em andamento nas células até níveis mínimos estabelecidos para cada tipo de chamada, que se diferenciam pelas necessidades de banda de cada uma. O algoritmo foi aplicado às bandas e características de uma rede de terceira geração (3G), que possui chamadas de voz, videoconferência, interação multimídia, e-mail, downloads e transferência de arquivos e a uma rede GSM/GPRS (global system for mobile communications/ general packet radio service), que possui chamadas de voz e de dados. Os resultados mostram melhorias na probabilidade de bloqueio de novas chamadas, probabilidade de bloqueio de handoff e na utilização de banda do sistema. The recent growth in traffic loads in cellular networks has seen the need for a better use of system resources as its expansion is expensive. In the base transceiver station (BTS), the bandwidth availability is limited. Thus, in cellular networks the call admission control greatly influences the system performance because it determines the bandwidth use of the BTSs and if an amount of resources will or will not be allocated to a call. The network performance can be evaluated by parameters such as blocking probability of new calls, dropping probability of handoff calls and bandwidth use. This work proposes a call admission control that carries out the bandwidth borrowing when a call arrives and there is not enough bandwidth. The system makes use of a heuristic mechanism that determines the available bandwidth for the new calls according to some parameter values of the system. The bandwidth borrowing is applied to the cell ongoing calls until the minimum levels for each type are met. The algorithm was applied to the bandwidths and characteristics of a third generation cellular network, which supports voice calls, videoconference, multimedia interaction, e-mails, downloads and file transfers. It was also applied to a GSM/GPRS (global system for mobile communications/ general packet radio service), which supports voice and data calls. The results show improvements in the blocking probability of new calls, dropping probability of handoff calls and in the bandwidth use of the system.

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Otárola, Correa Diego Antonio, and Gonzales Frank Campos. "Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2015. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/handle/urp/1277.

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La presente tesina titulada “Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana” expone una propuesta para un operador que tiene como objetivo poder incrementar su cobertura de servicio de segunda y cuarta generación, para esto se definen conceptos teóricos en base a lo que son las tecnologías de telefonía móvil celular de tipo GSM, UMTS y LTE y se compararan con las características técnicas de los equipos que se plantean usar demostrándose que estos pueden optimizar la red de acceso del operador en cobertura y funcionamiento para brindar un mejor servicio en base a 2G y 4G. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, esta tesina describe el diseño y dimensionamiento de proyecto, pasos para su ejecución, especificaciones técnicas de los equipos, procedimiento para la puesta en servicio y resultados en base a pruebas del servicio y KPI. The current thesis entitled “Modernización de la red de acceso de un operador móvil para el caso de Lima Metropolitana” exposes a proposal for a mobile operator that has as a target increase their second and fourth generator coverage. For achieve this we have to defined theoric concepts based on the mobile telecommunication technology GSM, UMTS and LTE and compare with the features of equipment proposed to use proving that the coverage and performance of the access network of the operator can be improved for provide a better 2G and 4G service. For achieve this target proposed, this thesis describes the design and sizing of Project, steps for execution, technical features of equipment, on air procedure and results base on the testing service and KPI.

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Malik, Shahzad Ali. "Allocation de ressource radio et analyse de performance pour l'offre de services multimédia dans les réseaux cellulaires UMTS WCDMA." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSTA004.

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Jedidi, Azza. "Mise en oeuvre de nouveaux services dans le cadre du couplage d'un réseau de diffusion de télévision mobile personnelle et d'un réseau cellulaire 3G." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S142.

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Dans le domaine des réseaux de télécommunications, on assiste à l’avènement de nouveaux services multimédia, aux besoins de plus en plus sophistiqués (interactivité, débit, mobilité, etc. ). Les futurs réseaux de quatrième génération visent à répondre à ces besoins non seulement en définissant de nouveaux réseaux cellulaires très haut débit (LTE, WIMAX, etc. ), mais aussi en faisant inter-opérer l’ensemble des technologies cellulaires existantes. La convergence entre réseaux permet de bénéficier des capacités complémentaires des différents réseaux afin de pouvoir délivrer divers services. Dans ce cadre, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier le couplage entre un réseau de diffusion DVB-SH et un réseau cellulaire 3G. Le réseau DVB-SH offre des capacités de diffusion importantes permettant d’offrir des services de télévision mobile personnelle. Néanmoins, un tel réseau est unidirectionnel. Le réseau cellulaire 3G est, quant à lui, bidirectionnel. Il permet d’offrir des services interactifs et personnalisés. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous proposons, puis évaluons, un ensemble de services permettant de tirer parti des propriétés offertes par chacun des deux réseaux. Cette contribution repose sur trois parties. Dans un premier temps, nous définissons les éléments d’architecture nécessaires pour définir un tel couplage. Dans un second temps, nous définissons un service de basculement de contenus populaires du réseau 3G vers le réseau DVB. Les mécanismes nécessaires à la mise en œuvre de ce service sont présentés. Le problème des délais de transmission introduits par le service est abordé, et des mécanismes d’améliorations sont proposés. Dans un troisième temps, nous proposons un service de télévision mobile personnelle DVB où certains contenus standards sont substitués par des contenus personnalisés transmis via le réseau 3G. Nous présentons les mécanismes nécessaires à la mise en œuvre du service puis nous décrivons les problèmes liés au déploiement à grande échelle du service. Nous proposons et évaluons une solution à ce problème Next generation networks aim to offer sophisticated and rich multimedia services, more and more demanding in terms of mobility, interactivity, data rate, etc. To deal with such constraints, next generation networks result from the convergence of different existing technologies, taking benefit from their complementary properties. In this context, this study addresses the coupling between a DVB-SH network and a 3G cellular network. On the one hand, DVB-SH offers very high broadcast capacities, suitable for mobile TV services. However, DVB is a unidirectional network. On the other hand, 3G network is bidirectional and provides service interactivity and personalization. The purpose of this study is to define innovative services that take benefit of the collaboration between 3G network and DVB-SH infrastructure. This contribution is constituted of three parts. In the first one, we define our DVB-SH/3G coupled network. In the second one, we present a service based on 3G popular content switching over DVB residual bandwidth. The service operating mechanisms are described. The transmission delay problem is presented and solution are proposed and evaluated. In the third part, we define a DVB-SH mobile TV services, enriched with 3G personalized contents. The challenges posed by a large scale deployment of the service are finally described together with our proposed solution

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Ghariani, Takoua. "Conservation de l'énergie sur des environnements de réseaux d'accès radio hétérogènes : vers des réseaux auto-organisants et verts." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0023/document.

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La préservation de l’environnement et des ressources naturelles pour les prochaines générations est aujourd’hui considérée comme un des axes les plus prioritaires dans presque tous les secteurs économiques. Le secteur des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication est loin d’être épargné de cette tendance écologique. Nous considérons dans cette thèse la problématique de la conservation d’énergie dans le contexte technologique actuel caractérisé par: • La coexistence d’une multitude de technologies d’accès sans fil offrant un environnement riche et dynamique • Des terminaux mobiles multimodaux • Limitations persistantes des sources d’énergie sur les terminaux mobiles. Dans ce contexte très riche, les possibilités offertes aux usagers sont à double tranchant. D’un côté, elles peuvent très bien améliorer la QoS en offrant toujours la meilleure connectivité en fonction du contexte de l’utilisateur. D’un autre côté, et sans une bonne optimisation de la consommation d’énergie sur le terminal, la disponibilité de celui-ci peut vite diminuer et donc faire baisser la QoE à cause de l’énergie nécessaire pour gérer plusieurs interfaces radio en parallèle. Nous considérons essentiellement les liens entre les stations de base (ou les point d’accès) et les terminaux mobiles. Notre objectif étant d’analyser la consommation d’énergie sur ces liens pour ensuite proposer des contributions permettant de mieux la maitriser. Nous focalisons essentiellement sur l’exploitation des multiples interfaces et du multi-flux pour étudier, analyser et proposer des solutions dynamiques et adaptatives d’ordonnancement, de sélection et de gestion d’interfaces minimisant la consommation d’énergie Since the last decades, environmental issues are becoming among the major concerns for most human activities, including the Information and Communication Technologies sector. This will surely influence upcoming networking technologies, architectures and usage practices. New approaches and methodologies are required in order to evaluate and to reduce the Carbon Footprint toward what is commonly denoted as Green Networks. Within the ICT sector, the main efforts are related to energy saving techniques. These efforts started in early stages within wireless technologies, mainly because of energy limitations on mobile devices such as mobile phones and wireless sensors. Additionally, because of health considerations, standardization bodies and government had set stringent policies and limits on electromagnetic radiation levels that can be emitted by radio stations. For these reasons, many academic and industrial research and development activities had led to a number of relatively energy efficient solutions. In this thesis, we consider energy efficiency in the context of Heterogeneous Wireless Access Networks. These are composed of multi-standards wireless network solutions, with non uniform topologies and cell sizes and Multi-Modal mobile terminals able to manage simultaneously different connections. The main contributions of our studies include the proposal of new optimization solutions regarding user association and scheduling techniques at both flow and packet levels for multi-homed mobile terminals. An overall context-based solution is also proposed in order to provide end-to-end energy efficient networking solutions

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Paolicelli, Francesco. "Progettazione ed implementazione di una piattaforma per il monitoraggio della copertura internet mobile attraverso un approccio di data-crowdsourcing." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8372/.

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L'obiettivo di questa Tesi di laurea è di creare un applicativo che informi gli utenti sulle reti circostanti, in particolare sulla qualità del segnale, sulle zone in cui la rete mobile è carente e sui punti d'accesso aperti. Per l'implementazione del servizio, è stato adottato un modello di business, il Crowdsourcing, per raccogliere informazioni sui sistemi di connessione, affinché qualsiasi utente dotato di Smartphone possa aggiungere elementi al dataset.

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Chang, Wei-hsin, and 張維新. "A Study of Innovation Design of 3G Cellular Phone." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57250401419350240225.

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碩士 大同大學 工業設計學系(所) 94 Since 3G technology has been developed, cellular phone functions have continuously been refined. To comply with trend of 3G and multi-media function, it is expected that consumers change to a new one. However, new product development will have quite risk. Facing to this situation, changes of targeted environment will be controlled and observed; as well as the effective new product development process will be built-up and more accurate estimation to future trend will be concerned. This study confers innovation design of 3G cellular phone. According to Integrated New Product Development (INPD) that created by Jonathan Cagan and Craig M.Vogel, it is to understand requirement and favorite of each group to cellular phone and to design new product of fitting in with users. INPD process is divided to five stages: (1)「Target Group Defining」: Using questionnaire of cellular phone current situation and requirement to generate consumers′requirement favorite and define group; (2)「Identifying Opportunities」: Through analysis to find out product opportunity and to induce the design principle; (3)「Conceptualizing Opportunities」: Idea development; (4)「Concept Visualization」: To undertake detailed design and present fine drawing; and (5)「Design Evaluation」: Using design verified questionnaire to generate verification and evaluation. In the light of 20-29-year young group, this study has done two-stage questionnaire. (1) current situation and requirement of cellular phone and (2) design verification. Seven groups of 143 interviewees have been analyzed:『Feel free life style』,『Life master style』,『Low-key life style』,『Hi-tech life style』,『Enjoy life style』,『Self-confidence life style』and『Fashion life style』respectively. In the light of each group to design 3G cellular phone, they are『Practical integration type』，『Camera & filming type』，『Vedio game player type』，『Business type』，『Multi-media player type』，『Music player type』 and『Modern and fashion type』will be focused. The design presented by this study will meet each group requirements.

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Chen, Nai-Tzu, and 陳乃滋. "The study of Menu Optimization in 3G Cellular Phone." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07337664072013739581.

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碩士 國立臺中教育大學 數位內容科技學系碩士班 97 Communication is a way of exchanging messages among people. In order to satisfy the human needs, communication technology must keep evolving, so that people can communicate at any time any where by using variety of services. According to the information provided by National Communications Commission (NCC), the currently penetration rates and popular of mobile phone are more than 100% in Taiwan, and 3G subscribers have been 33.5 percent more than that of 2G. The overall status of mobile communication development, the combination of mobile communication and Internet service is the trend, and the 3G is the currently main development. By studying and analysis the relevant literatures and expert opinions both of Taiwan and abroad, we found the operation of the current 3G Cellular phone is difficult due to its functional items are too complicate. We used Sony Ericsson mobile phone as an example in our research. We collected the operation habits of 3G users through the website and than used data mining technique of association and frequently rules to find out the optimized combination for the development of an optimized main menu. Finally, in the experimental simulation we asked the college students to assess their satisfaction after operating the optimized main menu. The results indicate that it can effectively reduce the search time and increase operational efficiency.

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Wei, Shin-Ming, and 魏信銘. "Optimal Pricing Strategies of 3G Data Plan for Cellular Phones." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21297854238395355011.

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碩士 國立臺灣大學 商學研究所 100 Smartphones become more popular in our life through the rapid development of technology. More and more people use the smartphone to surf the web, send email, watch online TV and listen to online music. Therefore, the demand of using cell phone to access to the internet is sharp increased. However, the 3G network face the congestion problem because of the increasing demand. Many users are complaining the slow speed of their internet connection. In order to solve the congestion problem, one of the things the cellular operators can do is buying more radio spectrum, but the radio spectrum is scarce and is limited by government. Thus, the cellular operators should think other ways to solve it. Adjusting the pricing model is another way which the operators can adopt. In this thesis, we will do a survey to understand the users of 3G data first. After we get the result of the survey, we will formulate five pricing models of 3G data plan based on revenue management, and use the queueing theory to evaluate the degree of congestion. We will focus on the relationship between the revenue and the degree of congestion, and find the best model for the cellular operators. The results of this thesis are showed in the following: (1) if the more people choose the unlimited data plan, the 3G network will be more congested. However, the prices of the other existing data plans in the market are too high, and those make the user choose the relatively reasonable plan-unlimited data plan. (2) That the price of unlimited data plan decrease will increase the quantity demanded of unlimited data plan and erode the operator’s revenue. (3) In order to keep the revenue, we could not cancel the unlimited data plan. We should design a new model based on unlimited data plan to solve the congestion problem. (4) Time-based discrimination is more efficient than group discrimination in 3G data plan.

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Cortesão, Rodrigo Ramalho de Lobato. "Efficient cloud-based cellular planning algorithms for 3G and 4G networks." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22212.

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In mobile network deployments of growing size, the optimum and fast planning of radio resources are a key task. Cloud services enable efficient and scalable implementation of procedures and algorithms. In this dissertation, a cloud-based planning system for 3G and 4G networks is presented, using Amazon Web Services (AWS) for cloud implementation. It extracts configuration and performance data from the network, enabling to accurately estimate cells coverage, identify neighbouring cells and optimally plan Scrambling Codes (SC) in an UMTS network and Physical Cell Identity (PCI) in LTE networks. This system is integrated in a Software-as-a-Service monitoring and planning tool Metric, owned by Multivision, allowing for an easy and efficient allocation of the network resources. The system operation is demonstrated in a small canonical scenario for SCs, a small realistic scenario of PCIs cluster planning, taking less than 0,6 seconds to perform the planning. For a realistic 3G scenario with 12 484 unplanned cells, the planning of SCs is efficiently achieved, taking less than 8 seconds, and guaranteeing no collisions between first order neighbouring cells. Nas implementações de redes móveis grande escala, o planeamento otimizado e rápido dos recursos de rádio é uma tarefa fundamental. Os serviços em cloud permitem a implementação eficiente e escalável de padrões e algoritmos. Nesta dissertação, é apresentado um sistema de planeamento baseado em cloud para redes 3G e 4G, fazendo recurso à Amazon Web Services (AWS) para implementação em cloud. Este sistema extrai dados de configuração e desempenho da rede, o que permite estimar com precisão a cobertura das células, identificar células vizinhas e planear de forma eficiente os Scrambling Codes (SC) em redes UMTS e Physical Cell Identity (PCI) em redes LTE. Este sistema está integrado no Metric, uma ferramenta de planeamento e monitorização de Software-as-a-Service, propriedade da Multivision, permitindo uma alocação fácil e eficiente dos recursos da rede. A operação do sistema é demonstrada num pequeno cenário canónico para SCs, um pequeno cenário realista de um cluster de células pertencentes a uma rede LTE, onde se pretende planear os seus PCIs. O algoritmo executa um planeamento ótimo deste cluster em menos de 0,6 segundos. Para um cenário 3G realista com 12 484 células não planeadas, a alocação dos SCs é realizada com eficiência, levando menos de 8 segundos e garantindo que não existem colisões entre as células vizinhas de primeira ordem.

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Huang, Pei-Ching, and 黃珮菁. "An H.263-based Hierarchical Coder and Packet Discard Policies for 3G Cellular Networks." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69925105218985552575.

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Chen, Zheng-Yi, and 陳政儀. "The Study of Discrete Choice Models Considering Attribute Thresholds－A Case Study of 3G Cellular Phones." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27497810048079772733.

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碩士 國立成功大學 工業與資訊管理學系碩博士班 94 This research aims at probing into the analysis that consumers have a partiality for the function of the 3G mobile. This research is based on multinomial logit model, set up separately and have special way of logit model with important attribute threshold and accept the threshold, and use stated preference method to collect the data for the research at the behavior for the individual that probes into consumers with the daytime students in National Cheng Kung University. This research supposes that the important influence to consumers while evaluating the scheme of attribute is: To consumer, except important attribute, other input of attribute to in order to select the scheme to bring consumers' marginal effect in order to decrease progressively, namely the utility function of non-important attribute is defeated by the decreasing function of utility the margin. The result is found: (1) The model with acceptance threshold is all superior to multinomial logit model in the model fitness and ability of predicting, and it is apparent to assay the result. (2) The model with important attribute threshold is all superior to multinomial logit model in the model fitness and ability of predicting, and it is apparent to assay the result. The result support important attribute concept of threshold to in set up consumer individual select to mix appropriate and predict ability helpful model.At the same time we found the attributes that the daytime students in National Cheng Kung University pay attention to most including: price, music/tinkle of bells , display, camera.And two functions , such as image conversing , data transmission that the 3G mobile emphasize do not become university students to pay attention to at present . Originally discover at the same time , when a certain attribute is paid attention to by consumers , the more suitable one for the model with acceptance threshold of this attribute are. It’s could be a future research at the connection between important attribute threshold and acceptance threshold.

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Lin, Meei-ling, and 林美齡. "The Influence of Shape Elements Composition to Consumer’s Perceived Quality Cognition - An Example of 3G Cellular Phone." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ybmf9w.

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碩士 大同大學 工業設計學系(所) 95 造形是人類有意識、有目的、有計劃的具體行為。產品的形象會透過比例、型態、材質、色彩等要素的組合差異表達出不同的感覺。不論設計者有意或無意，任何一種產品都會反映某種情態語意。而消費者在進行產品購買選擇時，會透過相同類別產品進行優越性比較，產生對該產品的知覺品質評價。Garvin（1984）提出，產品外觀是影響消費者知覺品質評價的七大構面之一(七大衡量構面：產品績效、特性、規格一致性、可靠性、耐久性、服務力及外觀)。因此，本研究將針對產品造形元素組合對消費者知覺品質的認知影響進行探討，以2006年第一季至2007年第一季台灣上市的直立式3G手機為研究對象，採用問卷調查找出消費者的「3G手機知覺品質意象語彙」與其所認知的「手機造形元素」，運用多元回歸統計及數量化Ⅰ類法分析，探討消費者的知覺品質意象語彙對3G手機造形元素組合相互影響的關係。分析結果顯示：產品造形的組合會讓消費者產生精緻、堅固、時尚、專業、科技的知覺品質的感性評價，而某些特定的產品造形元素會產生不同的知覺品質意象的判斷，並整理出3G手機的知覺品質意象造形元素程度表。但限於人力與物力的不足，3G手機知覺品質認知意象造形規範的規模仍有擴展空間。本研究方法可以應用於未來商品外觀設計時的定位參考，幫助業界在設計商品時能有明確的方式了解消費者對造形組合的觀感。

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Γκίκας, Γεώργιος. "Ανάλυση αλγορίθμου μεταπομπής τύπου Soft σε δίκτυο επικοινωνιών τρίτης γενιάς (3G network)". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/6410.

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Στα κυψελωτά δίκτυα κινητών επικοινωνιών, η διαρκής κίνηση των κινητών συσκευών δημιουργεί την ανάγκη ύπαρξης μηχανισμών οι οποίοι θα διασφαλίζουν το αδιάλειπτο της επικοινωνίας «εν κινήσει». Αυτό ακριβώς επιτυγχάνεται με την εφαρμογή μηχανισμών μεταπομπής, οι οποίοι, με τρόπο διάφανο προς την κινητή συσκευή, συνδέονται δυναμικά με το καταλληλότερο σημείο εκπομπής τηλεπικοινωνιακού σήματος (Σταθμός Βάσης) που εκπέμπει στην ευρύτερη περιοχή. Στην παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζονται και αναλύονται οι υπάρχουσες κατηγορίες μεταπομπής, ενώ δίνεται ιδιαίτερη έμφαση σε αυτές που είναι εφαρμόσιμες στα δίκτυα τρίτης γενιάς (3G). Μία από τις σημαντικότερες κατηγοριοποιήσεις των τύπων μεταπομπής είναι αυτή σε σκληρού τύπου (hard) και μαλακού τύπου (soft ή softer). Σημαντικό πλεονέκτημα του μαλακού τύπου μεταπομπής είναι η διασφάλιση της ανεξαρτησίας καναλιών (channel diversity) η οποία τελικά οδηγεί σε αλγορίθμους μεταπομπής που καταναλώνουν μικρότερες ποσότητες ενέργειας. Από την άλλη στις μεταπομπές μαλακού τύπου γίνεται χρήση περισσότερων πόρων του δικτύου και υπάρχει μεγαλύτερη πολυπλοκότητα. Στην παρούσα μελέτη μελετώνται οι τεχνικές οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται για να ληφθεί η απόφαση εκτέλεσης μεταπομπής. Βασικές κατηγορίες αλγορίθμων απόφασης μεταπομπής είναι αυτοί που στηρίζονται στη στάθμη της ισχύος του λαμβανόμενου σήματος, αυτοί που στηρίζονται σε fuzzy logic και οι αλγόριθμοι προτεραιότητας. Στο πλαίσιο της παρούσας εργασίας μελετάται και αναλύεται κριτικά η σχετική βιβλιογραφική έρευνα που έχει διενεργηθεί και εξακολουθεί να διεξάγεται σχετικά με την εφαρμογή αλγορίθμων μεταπομπής, με έμφαση στις τεχνικές μεταπομπής που βρίσκουν εφαρμογή σε συστήματα CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Επιπλέον, υλοποιείται και προσομοιάζεται, ένα μοντέλο το οποίο συνδυάζει τεχνικές «Γκρι Προβλέψεων» (Grey Prediction) με κλασσικούς μηχανισμούς μεταπομπής με στόχο τη βελτιστοποίηση του πλήθους των εκτελούμενων μεταπομπών, ελαχιστοποιώντας ταυτόχρονα την πιθανότητα απόρριψης κλήσεων (call blocking probability). Η ταυτόχρονη χρήση και αξιοποίηση και των τριών εργαλείων (Matlab, Simulink και Stateflow) απλοποιεί την υλοποίηση και ταυτόχρονα διευκολύνει την αξιολόγηση των παραγόμενων αποτελεσμάτων. Ο βασικός δείκτης επίδοσης με τον οποίο αξιολογείται ο αλγόριθμος που υλοποιείται, είναι το πλήθος των μεταπομπών που εκτελούνται, ενώ οι εκτελεσθείσες προσομοιώσεις στηρίζονται σε τιμές των παραμέτρων που έχουν προταθεί στο (Saeed Changiz Rezaei, Hossein Khalaj, 2005), συνδυασμένες με διάφορες τιμές Υστέρησης (Hysteresis). Προκύπτει ότι καθώς αυξάνεται η τιμή της Υστέρησης, ο αριθμός των μεταπομπών που εκτελούνται μειώνεται, όπως άλλωστε αναμενόταν. Τέλος, θα πρέπει να επισημανθεί ότι, η πολύ μεγάλη συχνότητα δειγματοληψιών του εν λόγω μοντέλου σε συνδυασμό με την ομαλότητα κίνησης της κινητής συσκευής και την καλή προβλεπτική ικανότητα του Αλγορίθμου Grey Prediction, οδηγεί στον υπολογισμό μιας πολύ ομαλής ακολουθίας διαδοχικών τιμών ισχύος των λαμβανόμενων σημάτων και τελικά σε ελαχιστοποίηση του αριθμού των μεταπομπών που διενεργούνται. In cellular mobile networks, the continuous movement of mobile devices creates the need for mechanisms that are necessary to ensure continuity of communication. This is exactly what is achieved by applying handover mechanisms, which connect the mobile device, dynamically and transparently with appropriate emission point (base station) in the region. In the present work, existing categories of handover, with a particular emphasis on those applicable to third-generation networks (3G), are studied and analyzed. One of the major classifications of handovers is that in hard and soft or softer handovers. An important advantage of soft handover is that it ensures the channel diversity which ultimately leads to handover algorithms that consume less energy. On the other hand, in the case of soft handover more network resources are required and greater complexity of the algorithms makes implementation harder. In this study, we studied the techniques used to decide if a handover should be executed in a mobile communication system. There are three basic categories of handover decision algorithms, i.e. those that are based on the level of the received signal power, the algorithms that are based on fuzzy logic and finally the priority algorithms. In the present study, we analyze critically the relevant literature on handover algorithms, emphasizing on those that can be applied in CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) systems. In addition, we implement and simulate a model which combines "Grey Prediction" techniques with classical handover mechanisms to optimize the number of handovers performed while minimizing the call blocking probability. The simultaneous use and exploitation of three tools (Matlab, Simulink and Stateflow) simplifies the implementation and at the same time facilitates evaluation of the results. The key performance indicator used to evaluate algorithm’s performance is the number of handovers performed. Performed simulations are based on values of the parameters proposed in (Saeed Changiz Rezaei, Hossein Khalaj, 2005), combined with various values of Hysteresis. It is evident when looking at the simulation results, that the number of handovers performed decreases, as hysteresis increases. Finally, it should be noted that the very high sampling frequency of the model, combined with the smoothness of the mobile device motion and the good predictive ability of the Grey Prediction Algorithm, leads to the calculation of a very smooth sequence of consecutive values of the received signals and thus to the minimization of the number of handovers performed.

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Hsieh, Wen-Chin, and 謝文菁. "Research on the Competitive Strategies of the 3G Cellular Phone Industries in Taiwan—A Case Study of Chungwha Telecom Corporation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27488456319116300413.

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碩士 輔仁大學 管理學研究所 98 This Research Based on the Structure-Conduct-Performance model, this research aims at probing into the successful competition strategies behind the structure on the cellular phone market. This paper selects Chunghwa Telecom as the studying case and carries on research by ways of analyzing the secondary data and interviewing. Depending on the five forces model of Porter and the typical SWOT analyzing structure in the strategy management, this research intends to explore the strategy direction of the cellular phone companies by examining the competition intension of the industry's environment with different life cycle products, and to gather together the whole relevant research for case company's and the same trade's reference, and for the manager’s further understanding to the competitive strategies. The study concludes that the development of 3G mobile phone industry, the strategies are as follows 1. Continuous introduction of innovative 3G mobile communications products and services 2. Provide services to meet consumer demand 3. Future integration of various communication technologies help 3G mobile phone service industry, competition layout 4. Attention to the quality of human resources and personnel training 5.3G mobile phone service industry must enter the international telecom market.

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Αυλωνίτης, Αθανάσιος, та Αναστάσιος Λαμπρόπουλος. "Υλοποίηση αλγορίθμου και προσομοίωση για τη βέλτιστη διαχείρηση φορητών συσκευών σε ετερογενή ασύρματα δίκτυα". Thesis, 2009. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/2515.

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Η διπλωματική εργασία υλοποιεί και προσομοιώνει αλγόριθμο για τη βέλτιστη διαχείριση φορητών συσκευών σε ετερογενή ασύρματα δίκτυα. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια εισαγωγή στις γενικές αρχές των Κυτταρικών Συστημάτων Κινητών Επικοινωνιών παρουσιάζοντας την βασική ιδέα των διαφόρων γενιών κινητών επικοινωνιών. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται τα συστήματα τρίτης γενιάς – 3G. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρονται τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά, τα πλεονεκτήματα και οι σχέσεις της πλατφόρμας TETRA. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται το σύστημα και οι λειτουργίες του TETRAPOL καθώς και τα πλεονεκτήματα και οι υπηρεσίες που προσφέρει αυτό. Στο 5ο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται τα συστατικά οι υπηρεσίες και οι λειτουργίες του iDen. Στο κεφάλαιο 6 γίνεται μια αναφορά στο πρωτόκολλο WiMax. Στα κεφάλαια 7 & 8 παρουσιάζονται ο αλγόριθμος της διαχείρισης συσκευών και η εξομοίωσή του σε MATLAB. -

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Ting, Han Yi, and 韓宜庭. "A study of User Attitudes and Intension to Use of Net Surfing on 3G Cellular Phone: approach of Technology Acceptance Model." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01593769266047306379.

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碩士 中國文化大學 資訊傳播研究所 98 In recent years Taiwan has been promoting the wireless internet via 3G mobile phone, but it does not actually increase the number of current users of the internet. It is very important for us to realize the user's attitude and their willing to use 3G mobile phone to link internet. In this study, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was taken to explore the use of its 3G mobile phone users to implement 3G Mobile Internet access, taking into account the 3G mobile phone users use mobile Internet for the degree of playfulness will be interesting to join the Technology Acceptance Model perception which to explore the user's perception of usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived playfulness, attitude and intention to use of the interaction between the relationship, hoping to give domestic mobile phone companies and carriers a number of developing and marketing suggestions. After the questionnaires and data analysis, summarize three conclusions: (1) 3G mobile phone users for the use of 3G mobile phones, as its 3G mobile Internet of the tool, the user's "perception of usefulness" to "intention to use" and "attitude" , have a positive effect, indicating the usefulness of the user for the tool will affect the user whether to use the attitude and intention to use; (2): 3G mobile users for the use of 3G mobile phones, as its 3G mobile Internet of the tools, the use of those of the "perceived ease of use" for the "perceived usefulness" and "attitude", have a positive effect, indicating the user's ease of use for the tool is fairly valued; (3) 3G mobile phone users for the use of 3G mobile phones, so an instrument for its 3G mobile Internet, the user's "perception of playfulness" for the "perceived usefulness", "perceived ease of use," "attitude" and "intention to use", have positive effects, such as to the outcome for the users, words, entertainment and sexual function is important enough to affect the user for the mobile Internet of the views and wishes to use.

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Chen, Yen-Fu, and 陳彥輔. "Exploring the Sourcing Factors of Innovation Resistance on Consumers toward New Products－3G Multimedia Cellular Phones and Services as an Example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31464427943093270043.

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碩士 銘傳大學 資訊管理學系碩士班 95 While telecommunication industries face the heavy competitions in recently, 3G multimedia cellular phones and services is one of the important developments in telecommunication technology. However, for more than 4 years 3G multimedia cellular phones and services, the market share is still 9.6% in Taiwan. Why most of consumers don’t want to adopt this innovation? Based on the theory of innovation resistance, this research explores the causes why consumers resist the innovation of 3G multimedia cellular phones and services. This research tries to exploring innovation characteristics, consumer characteristics and propagation mechanisms characteristics on consumer innovation resistance. The research method is designed to use a questionnaire survey. From the research results of 250 questionnaires, innovation characteristics and consumer characteristics will influence innovation resistance. It provides an overview of the innovation resistance factors, and offer recommendations to reduce the innovation resistance of consumers.

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Anand, Kunde. "Providing QoS To Real-time And Data Applications In 3G Wireless Systems." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/795.

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In this thesis we address the problem of providing end-to-end quality of service (QoS) to real-time and data connections in a third generation (3G) cellular network based on the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) standard. Data applications usually use TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and the QoS is a minimum guaranteed mean throughput. For this one first needs to compute the throughput of a TCP connection sending its traffic through the UMTS network (possibly also through the wired part of the Internet). Thus we obtain closed form expressions for a TCP throughput in a UMTS environment. For downloading data at a mobile terminal, the packets of each TCP connection are stored in separate queues at the base station (node B). These are fragmented into Protocol Data Units (PDU). The link layer uses ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request). Thus there can be significant random transmission/queueing delays of TCP packets at the node B. On the other hand the link may not be fully utilized due to the delays of the TCP packets in the rest of the network. In such a scenario the existing models of TCP may not be sufficient. Thus we provide new approximate models for TCP and also obtain new closed form expressions of mean window size. Using these we obtain the throughput of a TCP connection for the scenario where the queueing delays are non-negligible compared to the overall Round Trip Time (RTT) and also the link utilization is less than one. Our approximate models can be useful not only in the UMTS context but also else where. In the second half of the thesis, we use these approximate models of TCP to provide minimum mean throughput to data connections in UMTS. We also consider real-time applications such as voice and video. These can tolerate a little packet loss (~1%) but require an upper Bound on the delay and delay jitter (≤ 150 ms). Thus if the network provides a constant bandwidth and the received SINR is above a specified threshold ( with a certain probability), QoS for the real-time traffic will be satisfied. The 3G cellular systems are interference limited. Thus wise allocation of power is critical in these systems. Hence we consider the problem of providing end-to-end QoS to different users along with the minimization of the downlink power allocation.

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Ramos, Adilson Mendes. "Planeamento móvel em redes 3G: o caso de Cabo Verde - Ilha de Santiago - Cidade da Praia." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15261.

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O presente trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa sobre o planeamento da rede móvel em Cabo Verde, cujo objetivo é o planeamento de uma rede móvel 3G, sendo o caso de estudo a Ilha de Santiago e a Cidade da Praia. Em termos gerais pretende-se determinar áreas/locais com problemas de comunicações/interferências com base em medidas de campo e aplicar técnicas de planeamento e otimização com vista à resolução dos mesmos. Para atingir os objetivos, é necessário obedecer um conjunto de procedimentos que visam uma análise criteriosa de vários fatores intervenientes, como, por exemplo, terreno, relevo, edifícios e a vegetação. Esta abordagem prevê a identificação de zonas alvo no processo de planeamento e otimização; avaliação da cobertura de rede existente na área selecionada, de acordo com a ferramenta e o modelo de propagação mais adequado para o cenário em estudo. Depois de efetuar os cálculos teóricos da cobertura usando dois modelos de propagação diferentes, e de acordo com os dados disponibilizados por uma operadora caboverdiana, constatou-se que a Ilha de Santiago dispõe de uma única torre de estação de base localizada praticamente no centro da Ilha, garante efetivamente a cobertura para toda a Ilha. Constatou-se, igualmente, que a estimação da potência média recebida na Cidade da Praia, oscila entre um valor máximo de -62.4 dBm, o que corresponde a uma boa qualidade do sinal, e um valor mínimo de -100.4 dBm, o que representa uma fraca qualidade do sinal. The present work is the result of research on the cellular network planning in Cape Verde, whose objective is the planning of a 3G cellular network, the case study is Santiago Island and Praia City. In general terms, it is intended to determine areas/locations with communication/interference problems based on field measurements and to apply planning and optimization techniques for their resolution. To achieve the objectives, it is necessary to apply a set of procedures that aim at a careful analysis of several factors, such as terrain, relief, buildings and vegetation. This approach provides the identification of target zones in the planning and optimization process; evaluation of the existing network coverage in the selected area, according to the tool and propagation model more suitable to the scenario being studied. After performing the theoretical coverage calculations using two different propagation models, and according to data provided by a Cape Verde operator, it was found that the Island of Santiago has a base station tower located practically in the center of the Island, it effectively guarantees coverage for the entire Island. It was also verified that the estimation of average received power in Praia City ranges from a maximum value of -62.4 dBm, which corresponds to a good signal quality, to a minimum value of -100.4 dBm, which represents a poor quality of the signal.

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Καραμπίνα, Άρτεμη. "Τεχνικές αντιμετώπισης θορύβων και παρεμβολών σε αστικό περιβάλλον κυτταρικής κινητής τηλεφωνίας τρίτης γενιάς". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10889/5952.

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Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως αντικείμενο τη μελέτη τεχνικών αντιμετώπισης θορύβων και παρεμβολών σε αστικό περιβάλλον κυτταρικής κινητής τηλεφωνίας τρίτης γενιάς. Ξεκινώντας γίνεται αναφορά στις κινητές επικοινωνίες, την ιστορική τους διαδρομή, από τα πρώτα τους βήματα τη δεκαετία του 1940 εως τη σημερινή 4η γενιά και τη ραγδαία άνθισή τους τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες. Περιγράφεται αναλυτικά η κυτταρική ιδέα ανάπτυξης των τηλεπικοινωνιακών συστημάτων, οι βασικές αρχές της και τα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά της καθώς και τα διεθνή πρότυπα από τα οποία ορίζεται. Ακολουθεί η αναλυτική περιγραφή του συστήματος UMTS, το οποίο δίνει το στίγμα της κυτταρικής κινητής τηλεφωνίας 3ης γενιάς, ενώ το τρίτο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται την ασύρματη μετάδοση σε ανοιχτό χώρο, τα μοντέλα διάδοσης και τους διάφορους παράγοντες που μπορεί να επηρεάσουν ένα ασύρματο κανάλι. Ο θόρυβος και οι παρεμβολές ορίζονται και περιγράφονται διεξοδικά στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο.Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο αναπτύσσονται οι τεχνικές αντιμετώπισής τους και στη συνέχεια ακοιλουθεί η περιγραφή μιας συγκεκριμένης τοπολογίας. The objective of this work is the study of the different reduction techniques for Noise and Interference in 3G cellular mobile telecommunication systems at an urban environment.First a reference is made in mobile communications, their historic journey and their rapid evolution in recent decades.An analytical specification of the cellular concept of development, the technical characteristics and the international standards is made.Follows the description of the umts,the wireless transmission in an environment, the diffusion model and factors that may affect a wireless channel.The noise and interference are defined and described.Chapter five describes the reduction methods,at chapter six a specific topology is described and at last there are some conclusions.

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Κολέττι, Θεοχάρης Αλέξανδρος. "Βελτιστοποίηση της ποιότητας παρεχομένων υπηρεσιών σε διαλειπτικά κανάλια (fading channels) για δίκτυα κυτταρικής κινητής τηλεφωνίας τρίτης γενιάς". Thesis, 2010. http://nemertes.lis.upatras.gr/jspui/handle/10889/4038.

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Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η μελέτη των μεθόδων βελτιστοποίησης της ποιότητας των παρεχομένων υπηρεσιών των δικτύων κυτταρικής τηλεφωνίας τρίτης γενιάς σε διαλειπτικό περιβάλλον. Αρχικά γίνεται μια σύντομη ιστορική αναδρομή στην εξέλιξη των συστημάτων κινητών επικοινωνιών και παρουσιάζεται το σημαντικότερο πρότυπο τρίτης γενιάς, το UMTS και τα ιδιαίτερα τεχνικά χαρακτηριστικά του. Στην συνέχεια αναλύεται το LTE το οποίο αποτελεί την τελευταία εξέλιξη των δικτύων τρίτης γενιάς και αναμένεται να αντικαταστήσει το UMTS στο άμεσο μέλλον αποτελώντας στην πραγματικότητα τον πρόδρομο των συστημάτων τέταρτης γενιάς. Στην συνέχεια εστιάζουμε στα διαλειπτικά κανάλια αναλύοντας τα φαινόμενα που παρατηρούνται σε αυτά και τα στατιστικά μοντέλα μέσα από τα οποία περιγράφονται. Παράλληλα διερευνάται η επίδραση των φαινομένων αυτών (θετική ή αρνητική) στο QoS των δικτύων τρίτης γενιάς βάσει των χαρακτηριστικών τους (όπως παρουσιάστηκαν στο κεφάλαιο 1) και οι δυνατότητες για περαιτέρω βελτιστοποίηση κατα τον σχεδιασμό των δικτύων και την σωστή εκμετάλλευση των χαρακτηριστικών του περιβάλλοντος όδευσης. Ιδιαίτερη αναφορά γίνεται στα μοντέλα εσωτερικού χώρου λόγω του μεγάλου φορτίου κίνησης που καλούνται να εξυπηρετήσουν. Στο τελευταίο μέρος παρουσιάζεται η διαδικασία παραμετροποίησης κάποιων σημαντικών μοντέλων και τα αποτελέσματα των εξομοιώσεων που έγιναν στον χώρο του κτηρίου των Ηλεκτρολόγων Μηχανικών. The subject of this diploma thesis is the study of the optimization techniques of the quality of service for third generation cellular telephony networks in fading enviroment. After a short presentation of the evolution of the systems of wireless telecommunications, it is discussed UMTS the most important third generation system which dominated the european market and its technical features. LTE is also introduced, the system which is expected to replace UMTS in the near future while being the predecessor of the fourth generation systems. Then we focus on the fading channels analysing the phenomena wich are related to them and analysing the statistical models that describe them. It is also studied the effect (positive or negative) of these phenomena on the QoS of the third generation networks and the optimization methods which can be applied during the network designing process with special reference to the indoor propagation models because of the big amount of traffic load that they are asked to serve. At the last chapter of the thesis there is a presentation of the parameter setting procedure for some important models and the outcomes of the simulation that took place in the building of Electronic Engineering.

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