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Kanai, Satoshi, Takayuki Shibata i Takahiro Kawashima. "Feature-Based 3D Process Planning for MEMS Fabrication". International Journal of Automation Technology 8, nr 3 (5.05.2014): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0406.
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With the fast growth of the market forMEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) devices, Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) systems for MEMS are essential for the appropriate division of labor between MEMS design and fabrication. Although several CAD systems for MEMS devices are commercially available, CAPP systems for MEMS are still underdeveloped, and few systems have been investigated. The purpose of this study is to prototype a CAPP system for MEMS for non-expert MEMS designers. MEMS device geometry, a complex layered structure made of multiple materials, is represented as a solid model called a device model. The system has twomain functions. In processextraction function, all feasible fabrication processes of the device are exhaustively derived from the device model using 3D fabrication features as clues. In manufacturable-geometry-estimation function, the expected 3D geometry of the device that will actually be fabricated by the derived process, which might differ from the original device model, is estimated. Process emulation using a commercial emulator and examination by expert researchers confirm that the derived process plans and the expected 3D geometries of the device are feasible and plausible.
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Cheon, Jeonghyeon, i Seunghyun Kim. "Fabrication and Demonstration of a 3D-printing/PDMS Integrated Microfluidic Device". Recent Progress in Materials 4, nr 1 (21.10.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2201002.
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3D printing is an attractive method to fabricate microfluidic devices due to (1) its fast and simple process without specialized equipment and cleanroom environment, and (2) its capability to create complex 3D structures. Combined with Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), it can be used to develop various microfluidic devices taking advantage of both 3D printing and PDMS. In this paper, we investigated a Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printer to fabricate 3D printing/PDMS integrated microfluidic devices. We used it to fabricate both a master mold for the PDMS process and a substrate containing pneumatic ports and channels. The optimal design parameters to print a symmetrical microchannel structure were determined. We also measured the printing accuracy of taper structures as an example of its capability to fabricate complex structures. Then, we fabricated a microfluidic device by integrating a PDMS component with a 3D printed substrate. The microfluidic device operation was demonstrated using dye solutions. The fluidic control results clearly show the microfluidic device works as expected.
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Matsuyama, So, Tomoaki Sugiyama, Toshiyuki Ikoma i Jeffrey S. Cross. "Fabrication of 3D Graphene and 3D Graphene Oxide Devices for Sensing VOCs". MRS Advances 1, nr 19 (2016): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.151.
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ABSTRACTDetection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cancerous tumor cells in exhaled human breath allows for early diagnosis of various types of cancers. 3D graphene with a large surface area is considered a suitable material for creating novel sensitive VOCs sensors. In this study, 3D graphene and 3D graphene oxide were synthesized from graphene oxide suspension, hydroquinone and formaldehyde by employing polymerization and reduction. The capability of VOC gas sensing was evaluated by measuring the electrical current response in flowing N2 gas over a range of concentrations of acetone or 1-butanol at room temperature. It was observed that the device current correlated well with the VOC concentration. The adsorption of acetone decreased the current, but the adsorption of 1-butanol increased the current during sensing. 3D graphene oxide device was more sensitive than 3D graphene device because of the high concentration of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface. These results indicated that 3D graphene and 3D graphene oxide may be the suitable materials for VOCs sensing devices.
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Etxebarria-Elezgarai, Jaione, Maite Garcia-Hernando, Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts i Fernando Benito-Lopez. "Precise Integration of Polymeric Sensing Functional Materials within 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices". Chemosensors 11, nr 4 (19.04.2023): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040253.
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This work presents a new architecture concept for microfluidic devices, which combines the conventional 3D printing fabrication process with the stable and precise integration of polymeric functional materials in small footprints within the microchannels in well-defined locations. The approach solves the assembly errors that normally occur during the integration of functional and/or sensing materials in hybrid microfluidic devices. The method was demonstrated by embedding four pH-sensitive ionogel microstructures along the main microfluidic channel of a complex 3D printed microfluidic device. The results showed that this microfluidic architecture, comprising the internal integration of sensing microstructures of diverse chemical compositions, highly enhanced the adhesion force between the microstructures and the 3D printed microfluidic device that contains them. In addition, the performance of this novel 3D printed pH sensor device was investigated using image analysis of the pH colour variations obtained from photos taken with a conventional camera. The device presented accurate and repetitive pH responses in the 2 to 12 pH range without showing any type of device deterioration or lack of performance over time.
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van der Elst, Louis, Camila Faccini de Lima, Meve Gokce Kurtoglu, Veda Narayana Koraganji, Mengxin Zheng i Alexander Gumennik. "3D Printing in Fiber-Device Technology". Advanced Fiber Materials 3, nr 2 (8.02.2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42765-020-00056-6.
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Abstract Recent advances in additive manufacturing enable redesigning material morphology on nano-, micro-, and meso-scale, for achieving an enhanced functionality on the macro-scale. From non-planar and flexible electronic circuits, through biomechanically realistic surgical models, to shoe soles individualized for the user comfort, multiple scientific and technological areas undergo material-property redesign and enhancement enabled by 3D printing. Fiber-device technology is currently entering such a transformation. In this paper, we review the recent advances in adopting 3D printing for direct digital manufacturing of fiber preforms with complex cross-sectional architectures designed for the desired thermally drawn fiber-device functionality. Subsequently, taking a recursive manufacturing approach, such fibers can serve as a raw material for 3D printing, resulting in macroscopic objects with enhanced functionalities, from optoelectronic to bio-functional, imparted by the fiber-devices properties. Graphic abstract
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Sejor, Eric, Tarek Debs, Niccolo Petrucciani, Pauline Brige, Sophie Chopinet, Mylène Seux, Marjorie Piche i in. "Feasibility and Efficiency of Sutureless End Enterostomy by Means of a 3D-Printed Device in a Porcine Model". Surgical Innovation 27, nr 2 (15.01.2020): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350619895631.
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Objective. The aim of this study is to present a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed device to simply perform abdominal enterostomy and colostomy. Summary Background Data. Enterostomy and colostomy are frequently performed during abdominal surgery. 3D-printed devices may permit the creation of enterostomy easily. Methods. The device was designed by means of a CAD (computer-aided design) software, Rhinoceros 6 by MC Neel, and manufactured using 3D printers, Factory 2.0 by Omni 3D and Raise 3D N2 Dual Plus by Raise 3D. Colostomy was scheduled on a human cadaver and on 6 Pietrain pigs to test the device and the surgical technique. Results. The test on the cadaver showed that the application of the device was easy. Test on porcine models confirmed that the application of the device was also easy on the living model. The average duration of the surgical procedure was 32 minutes (25-40 minutes). For the female pigs, return to full oral diet and recovery of a normal bowel function was observed at postoperative day 2. The device fell by itself on average on the third day. Until day 10, when euthanasia was practiced, the stoma mucosa had a good coloration indicating a perfect viability of tissues. No complications were observed. Conclusions. This is the first study that describes the use of a 3D-printed device in abdominal surgery. End-type colostomy using a 3D-printed device can be safely and easily performed in an experimental porcine model, without postoperative complications. Further studies are needed to evaluate its utility in the clinical setting.
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Voráčová, Ivona, Jan Přikryl, Jakub Novotný, Vladimíra Datinská, Jaeyoung Yang, Yann Astier i František Foret. "3D printed device for epitachophoresis". Analytica Chimica Acta 1154 (kwiecień 2021): 338246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338246.
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Wang, L., R. Hu i X. Guo. "Backside Lithography in 3D Device". ECS Transactions 60, nr 1 (27.02.2014): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06001.0251ecst.
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Natarajan, Govindarajan, i James N. Humenik. "3D Ceramic Microfluidic Device Manufacturing". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 34 (1.04.2006): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/34/1/088.
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Klein, Allan L., i Christine L. Jellis. "3D Imaging of Device Leads". JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging 7, nr 4 (kwiecień 2014): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2013.12.006.
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Gaudestad, Jan, i Antonio Orozco. "Magnetic Field Imaging for 3D applications". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (1.01.2014): 001937–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tha13.
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The challenges that 3D integration present to Failure Analysis require the development of new Fault Isolation techniques that allows for non-destructive, true 3D failure localization. By injecting a current in the device under test (DUT), the current generates a magnetic field around it and this magnetic field is detected by a sensor above the device. Magnetic field imaging (MFI) is a natural candidate for 3D Fault Isolation of complex 3D interconnected devices. This is because the magnetic field generated by the currents in the DUT passes unaffected through all materials used in device fabrication; the presence of multiple metal layers, dies or other opaque layers do not have any impact on the magnetic field signal. The limitations of the technique are not affected by the number of layers in the stacked devise in samples such as wirebonded stacked memory, Through Silicon Via (TSV) stacked die or even package on package (PoP). The sample is raster scanned and magnetic field is acquired at determined steps providing a magnetic image of the field distribution. This magnetic field data is typically processed using a standard inversion technique to obtain a current density map of the device. The resulting current map can then be compared to a circuit diagram, an optical or infrared image, or a non-failing part to determine the fault location. Today, giant-magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors have been added to the Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) sensor to allow higher resolution and Fault Isolation (FI) I at die level. Magnetic Field Imaging (MFI), using SQUID as the high sensitive magnetic sensor in combination with a high resolution GMR sensor. A solver algorithm capable of successfully reconstructing a 3D current path based on an acquired magnetic field image from both sensors has been developed. The generic 3D inverse problem has no unique solution. Given a particular 3D magnetic field distribution, there are an infinite number of current path distributions that will result in such magnetic field. This ill-posed problem has restricted, so far, the use of magnetic imaging to 2D. A different kind of 3D solver can be constructed, nevertheless capable of obtaining a single solution. The 3D solver algorithm is not only capable of extracting the 3D current path, but it also provides valuable geometrical information about the device. Accurately being able to position each current segment in a layer allows the FA engineer to follow the current as it vertically moves from one die (or layer) to another. [1,2,3]
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Furubayashi, Yutaka, Takafumi Tanehira, Kei Yonemori, Nobuhide Seo i Shinichiro Kuroki. "3D Integration of Si-Based Peltier Device onto 4H-SiC Power Device". Materials Science Forum 858 (maj 2016): 1107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.1107.
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We propose 3-D integration of Peltier device onto a power device. In order to transport a heat from the power device, as a suitable material of the Peltier device, silicon was adopted because of its high Seebeck coefficient, high thermal conductivity, and applicability to semiconductor process. Bulk Si-based Peltier devices with conventional shape showed an active thermal transport over a Joule heat at the operation current less than 5 A. 3-D integration of 4H-SiC-based Schottky barrier diodes and Si-based film Peltier device, separated by intrinsic SiC layer, was realized by using conventional Si-based process flow.
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Maile, S., S. Kobel, M. Munz, T. Engleder, J. M. Steinacker i F. Capanni. "3D-based visual physical activity assessment of children". Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, nr 1 (1.09.2015): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0111.
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AbstractIn the last decades, an alarming rise in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed which is partly attributed to a lack in physical activity and has started to become a public health concern. Therefore, the necessity for accurate physical activity assessment has become more and more apparent. Physical activity can be assessed objectively using accelerometers or combined devices. The application of such devices is sometimes complex and wearing the device may influence the behaviour of the test person. Therefore, assessment without any worn device would be an advantage.A RGB-D camera device captures motion of the test person in a specific measurement area. After reducing the data and subtraction of the voxel distance, an activity level can be calculated.The calculated activity level is similar to acceleration data of common monitoring devices. The calculated activity level is the sum of the person’s activity. Little activity with small movement can be differentiated from intense activity with large movement and high acceleration as well as no activity. The data can be structured in body-activity and limb-activity. Classifying those categories increases the benefit of this assessment compared to common accelerometers.With the RGB-D based assessment objective, contextual information of different physical activity levels can be provided. Physical activity assessment without a worn device offers advantages such as the lack of manipulation of the device and its positioning, also the person’s compliance is no issue influencing the assessment. The RGB-D based assessment is similar to acceleration data and can be converted into comparable data and units after calibration. For more specific assessments a validation with accelerometers and the calibration of the derived data is necessary.
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Gan, Yong, Jing Ru Zhong i Ning Sun. "Mechanical Structure Optimal Design of 3D Non-Destructive Measurement System". Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (luty 2011): 1378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1378.
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It discusses the measurement principle and the mechanical structure of 3D non-destructive measurement device for the homogeneous entity. The measurement project and its operating process is discussed. The basic operation principle and components of this measurement device are pointed out. Based on the modern design theory, optimization design, dynamical design, the mechanical structure of the device is analyzed and improved for assuring measurement precision, structural intensity, and vibration characteristic of the device. The primary experiment devices and their precision are designed and analyzed. Proved through principium experiment, the structure satisfies the request of the measuring precision. The mechanical structure of this measure device is effective and feasible.
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Tian, Xiaoyong, Ming Yin i Dichen Li. "3D printing: a useful tool for the fabrication of artificial electromagnetic (EM) medium". Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, nr 2 (21.03.2016): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2014-0122.
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Purpose Artificial electromagnetic (EM) medium and devices are designed with integrated micro- and macro-structures depending on the EM transmittance performance, which is difficult to fabricate by the conventional processes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a new solution for the delicate artificial EM medium. This paper aims to first review the applications of 3D printing in the fabrication of EM medium briefly, mainly focusing on photonic crystals, metamaterials and gradient index (GRIN) devices. Then, a new design and fabrication strategy is proposed for the EM medium based on the 3D printing process, which was verified by the implementation of a 3D 90o Eaton lens based on GRIN metamaterials. Design/methodology/approach A new design and manufacturing strategy driven by the physical (EM transmittance) performance is proposed to illustrate the realization procedures of EM medium based device with controllable micro- and macro-structures. Stereolithography-based 3D printing process is used to obtain the designed EM device, an GRIN Eaton lens. The EM transmittance of the Eaton lens was validated experimentally and by simulation. Findings A 3D 90o Eaton lens was realized based on GRIN metamaterials structure according to the proposed design and manufacturing strategy, which had the broadband (12-18 GHz) and low loss characteristic. The feasibility of 3D printing for the artificial EM medium and GRIN devices has been verified for the further real applications in the industries. Originality/value The applications of 3D printing in artificial EM medium and devices were systematically reviewed. A new design strategy driven by physical performance for the EM device was proposed and validated by the firstly 3D printed 3D Eaton lens.
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Zhang, Bing, Wei Chen, Yanjie Wu, Kang Ding i Rongqiang Li. "Review of 3D Printed Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Passive Devices". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1297931.
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The 3D printing technology is catching attention nowadays. It has certain advantages over the traditional fabrication processes. We give a chronical review of the 3D printing technology from the time it was invented. This technology has also been used to fabricate millimeter-wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) passive devices. Though promising results have been demonstrated, the challenge lies in the fabrication tolerance improvement such as dimensional tolerance and surface roughness. We propose the design methodology of high order device to circumvent the dimensional tolerance and suggest specific modelling of the surface roughness of 3D printed devices. It is believed that, with the improvement of the 3D printing technology and related subjects in material science and mechanical engineering, the 3D printing technology will become mainstream for mmWave and THz passive device fabrication.
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Ansari, Sameer, Cynthia B. Zevallos, Mudassir Farooqui, Andres Dajles, Sebastian Schafer, Darko Quispe-Orozco, Alan Mendez-Ruiz, Samir Abdelkarim, Sudeepta Dandapat i Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez. "Optimal Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Device Size Selection Using Automated Volumetric Software". Brain Sciences 11, nr 7 (8.07.2021): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070901.
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Introduction: Selecting the appropriate Woven EndoBridge (WEB) device sizing for the treatment of wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs) remains challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate different volumetric-based imaging methodologies to predict an accurate WEB device size selection to result in a successful implantation. Methods: All consecutive patients treated with WEB devices for intracranial aneurysms from January 2019 to June 2020 were included. Aneurysm dimensions to calculate aneurysm volumes were measured using three different modalities: automated three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA), manual 3D DSA, and two-dimensional (2D) DSA. The device–aneurysm volume (DAV) ratio was defined as device volume divided by the aneurysm volume. WEB volumes and the DAV ratios were used for assessing the device implantation success and follow-up angiographic outcomes at six months. Pearson correlation, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and density approximations were used for estimating the WEB volumes and the imaging modality volumes for successful implantation. Results: A total of 41 patients with 43 aneurysms were included in the study. WEB device and aneurysm volume correlation coefficient was highest for 3D automatic (r = 0.943), followed by 3D manual (r = 0.919), and 2D DSA (r = 0.882) measurements. Measured median volumes were significantly different for 3D automatic and 2D DSA (p = 0.017). The highest rate of successful implantation (87.5%) was between 0.6 and 0.8 DAV ratio. Conclusion: Pre-procedural assessment of DAV ratios may increase WEB device implantation success. Our results suggest that volumetric measurements, especially using automated 3D volumes of the aneurysms, can assist in accurate WEB device size selection.
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Wang, Zhenzhen, i Yan Yang. "Application of 3D Printing in Implantable Medical Devices". BioMed Research International 2021 (12.01.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653967.
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3D printing technology is widely used in the field of implantable medical device in recent decades because of its advantages in high precision, complex structure, and high material utilization. Based on the characteristics of 3D printing technology, this paper reviews the manufacturing process, materials, and some typical products of 3D printing implantable medical devices and analyzes and summarizes the development trend of 3D printed implantable medical devices.
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Nielsen, Anna V., Michael J. Beauchamp, Gregory P. Nordin i Adam T. Woolley. "3D Printed Microfluidics". Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 13, nr 1 (12.06.2020): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-091619-102649.
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Traditional microfabrication techniques suffer from several disadvantages, including the inability to create truly three-dimensional (3D) architectures, expensive and time-consuming processes when changing device designs, and difficulty in transitioning from prototyping fabrication to bulk manufacturing. 3D printing is an emerging technique that could overcome these disadvantages. While most 3D printed fluidic devices and features to date have been on the millifluidic size scale, some truly microfluidic devices have been shown. Currently, stereolithography is the most promising approach for routine creation of microfluidic structures, but several approaches under development also have potential. Microfluidic 3D printing is still in an early stage, similar to where polydimethylsiloxane was two decades ago. With additional work to advance printer hardware and software control, expand and improve resin and printing material selections, and realize additional applications for 3D printed devices, we foresee 3D printing becoming the dominant microfluidic fabrication method.
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Ishida, Yoshiki, Daisuke Miura, Taira Miyasaka i Akikazu Shinya. "Dimensional Accuracy of Dental Casting Patterns Fabricated Using Consumer 3D Printers". Polymers 12, nr 10 (29.09.2020): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102244.
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Consumer 3D printers have improved considerably due to the evolution of additive manufacturing. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of consumer printers in dental restoration. Cylindrical patterns mimicking a full crown were created and enlarged from 100% to 105% of the original size. Two types of consumer 3D printers, including a fused deposition modeling (FDM) device and a stereolithography (SLA) device, and two types of dental 3D printers, including a multi-jet device and an SLA device, were used to fabricate the patterns. Then, the outer and inner diameters and depths, and surface roughness of the patterns were measured. The changing rates of the outer diameter of models created using dental printers were significantly smaller than those of the models created using consumer printers (p < 0.05). Significantly greater surface roughness was obtained in the tooth axis of the model fabricated using the consumer FDM device (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed on the surface roughness of both axes between the consumer SLA device and the dental devices (p > 0.05). However, FDM showed larger surface roughness than dental devices in both axes (p < 0.05). Thus, the SLA consumer printer can be applied to fabricate resin patterns with enlargement editing of 1–3% along the horizontal axis.
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Fadzli, Fazliaty Edora, Muhammad Nur Affendy Nor’a i Ajune Wanis Ismail. "3D Display for 3D Telepresence: A Review". International Journal of Innovative Computing 12, nr 1 (16.11.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijic.v12n1.318.
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Over the years, people have tried to advance 3D display technology and researchers as well as developers have created different innovations in recent decades. there are many other different types of 3D display technology that can be classified into stereoscopic, auto stereoscopic, holographic and volumetric 3D displays. This paper, however, discusses the 3D display technology that have been implemented in the telepresence system, which can be divided into two main devices, projectors and head mounted display (HMD). From these two devices, the 3D display technology using projector devices are on-stage hologram, auto stereoscopic display, and holographic projection; while for HMD can be divided into MR headset and VR HMD. This paper provides a review on these 3D display for telepresence. Finally, we make a comparison based on the features of the 3D display technologies such as life-size capability, viewable from different perspectives, headset-free experience number of viewers per device, level of ease of setup and the nausea of discomfort level. To choose the best 3D display technology for a telepresence system, we must first identify the number of users who will be projected and who will be viewed. The goal and activity of using telepresence technology will also define the appropriate type of 3D display.
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Messer, Dolores, Michelle S. Svendsen, Anders Galatius, Morten T. Olsen, Vedrana A. Dahl, Knut Conradsen i Anders B. Dahl. "Measurement error using a SeeMaLab structured light 3D scanner against a Microscribe 3D digitizer". PeerJ 9 (20.08.2021): e11804. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11804.
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Background Geometric morphometrics is a powerful approach to capture and quantify morphological shape variation. Both 3D digitizer arms and structured light surface scanners are portable, easy to use, and relatively cheap, which makes these two capturing devices obvious choices for geometric morphometrics. While digitizer arms have been the “gold standard”, benefits of having full 3D models are manifold. We assessed the measurement error and investigate bias associated with the use of an open-source, high-resolution structured light scanner called SeeMaLab against the popular Microscribe 3D digitizer arm. Methodology The analyses were based on 22 grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) skulls. 31 fixed anatomical landmarks were annotated both directly using a Microscribe 3D digitizer and on reconstructed 3D digital models created from structured light surface scans. Each skull was scanned twice. Two operators annotated the landmarks, each twice on all the skulls and 3D models, allowing for the investigation of multiple sources of measurement error. We performed multiple Procrustes ANOVAs to compare the two devices in terms of within- and between-operator error, to quantify the measurement error induced by device, to compare between-device error with other sources of variation, and to assess the level of scanning-related error. We investigated the presence of general shape bias due to device and operator. Results Similar precision was obtained with both devices. If landmarks that were identified as less clearly defined and thus harder to place were omitted, the scanner pipeline would achieve higher precision than the digitizer. Between-operator error was biased and seemed to be smaller when using the scanner pipeline. There were systematic differences between devices, which was mainly driven by landmarks less clearly defined. The factors device, operator and landmark replica were all statistically significant and of similar size, but were minor sources of total shape variation, compared to the biological variation among grey seal skulls. The scanning-related error was small compared to all other error sources. Conclusions As the scanner showed precision similar to the digitizer, a scanner should be used if the advantages of obtaining detailed 3D models of a specimen are desired. To obtain high precision, a pre-study should be conducted to identify difficult landmarks. Due to the observed bias, data from different devices and/or operators should not be combined when the expected biological variation is small, without testing the landmarks for repeatability across platforms and operators. For any study necessitating the combination of landmark measurements from different operators, the scanner pipeline will be better suited. The small scanning-related error indicates that by following the same scanning protocol, different operators can be involved in the scanning process without introducing significant error.
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Jung, Haejoon, i In-Ho Lee. "Performance Analysis of Three-Dimensional Clustered Device-to-Device Networks for Internet of Things". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9628565.
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Internet of things (IoT) is a smart technology that connects anything anywhere at any time. Intelligent device-to-device (D2D) communication, in which devices will communicate with each other autonomously without any centralized control, is an integral part of the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Thus, for D2D applications such as local file sharing or swarm sensing, we study communications between devices in proximity in ultra-dense urban environments, where devices are stacked vertically and dispersed in the horizontal plane. To reflect the spatiotemporal correlation inherently embedded in the D2D communications, we model and analyze clustered D2D networks in three-dimensional (3D) space based on Thomas cluster process (TCP), where the locations of clusters follow Poisson point process, and cluster members (devices) are normally distributed around their cluster centers. We assume that multiple device pairs in the network can share the same frequency band simultaneously. Thus, in the presence of cochannel interference from both the same cluster and the other clusters, we investigate the coverage probability and the area spectral efficiency of the clustered D2D networks in 3D space.
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Silva, Raphaela K. S., Sakandar Rauf, Ming Dong, Liang Chen, Hakan Bagci i Khaled N. Salama. "3D Concentric Electrodes-Based Alternating Current Electrohydrodynamics: Design, Simulation, Fabrication, and Potential Applications for Bioassays". Biosensors 12, nr 4 (6.04.2022): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12040215.
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Two-dimensional concentric asymmetric microelectrodes play a crucial role in developing sensitive and specific biological assays using fluid micromixing generated by alternating current electrohydrodynamics (ac-EHD). This paper reports the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of fluid motion generated by 3D concentric microelectrodes for the first time. Electric field simulations are used to compare electric field distribution at the electrodes and to analyze its effects on microfluidic micromixing in 2D and 3D electrodes. Three-dimensional devices show higher electric field peak values, resulting in better fluid micromixing than 2D devices. As a proof of concept, we design a simple biological assay comprising specific attachment of streptavidin beads onto the biotin-modified electrodes (2D and 3D), which shows ~40% higher efficiency of capturing specific beads in the case of 3D ac-EHD device compared to the 2D device. Our results show a significant contribution toward developing 3D ac-EHD devices that can be used to create more efficient biological assays in the future.
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Lin, Haisong, Yichao Zhao, Shuyu Lin, Bo Wang, Christopher Yeung, Xuanbing Cheng, Zhaoqing Wang i in. "A rapid and low-cost fabrication and integration scheme to render 3D microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing". Lab on a Chip 19, nr 17 (2019): 2844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00418a.
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We devise a simple, scalable, and low-cost “CAD-to-3D Device” fabrication and integration scheme, which renders 3D and complex microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing.
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Issartel, Paul, Florimond Guéniat, Tobias Isenberg i Mehdi Ammi. "Analysis of Locally Coupled 3D Manipulation Mappings Based on Mobile Device Motion". Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 26, nr 1 (1.02.2017): 66–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00287.
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We examine a class of techniques for 3D object manipulation on mobile devices, in which the device’s physical motion is applied to 3D objects displayed on the device itself. This “local coupling” between input and display creates specific challenges compared to manipulation techniques designed for monitor-based or immersive virtual environments. Our work focuses specifically on the mapping between device motion and object motion. We review existing manipulation techniques and introduce a formal description of the main mappings under a common notation. Based on this notation, we analyze these mappings and their properties in order to answer crucial usability questions. We first investigate how the 3D objects should move on the screen, since the screen also moves with the mobile device during manipulation. We then investigate the effects of a limited range of manipulation and present a number of solutions to overcome this constraint. This work provides a theoretical framework to better understand the properties of locally coupled 3D manipulation mappings based on mobile device motion.
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Haidekker, Mark A. "Building a 3D Computed Tomography Scanner From Surplus Parts". Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 48, nr 2 (1.03.2014): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-48.2.142.
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Computed tomography (CT) scanners are expensive imaging devices, often out of reach for small research groups. Designing and building a CT scanner from modular components is possible, and this article demonstrates that realization of a CT scanner from components is surprisingly easy. However, the high costs of a modular X-ray source and detector limit the overall cost savings. In this article, the possibility of building a CT scanner with available surplus X-ray parts is discussed, and a practical device is described that incurred costs of less than $16,000. The image quality of this device is comparable with commercial devices. The disadvantage is that design constraints imposed by the available components lead to slow scan speeds and a resolution of 0.5 mm. Despite these limitations, a device such as this is attractive for imaging studies in the biological and biomedical sciences, as well as for advancing CT technology itself.
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Kim, Ji Hwan, Hee Seung Yang, Seung Hyun Han, Byung Min Lee, Youn Kyung Lee, Woo Sob Sim, Gwan Su Park, Seul Bin Na Lee i Min Jo. "Application of a 3D-Printed Writing–Typing Assistive Device in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury". Applied Sciences 12, nr 18 (8.09.2022): 9037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189037.
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The current study aimed to assess the effects of a customized three-dimensional (3D) printed writing and typing assistive device in patients with cervical spinal cord injury who presented with severe hand dysfunction. Three patients with cervical spinal cord injury who presented with severe hand dysfunction were included in the analysis. The patients’ writing and typing abilities were evaluated after using the silicon assistive device made from a 3D-printed frame for 4 weeks. Patient discomfort and issues were evaluated. Customized 3D-printed writing and typing assistive devices were developed. The Korean Western Aphasia Battery (K-WAB), particularly the writing part, and the word practice program of Hangeul were utilized to assess device effects. All patients with cervical spinal cord injuries (SCIs) performed writing or typing using a customized assistive device. Patients 2 and 3 had better typing and writing accuracies based on the word practice program of Hangeul and the K-WAB, respectively. However, patient 3 had increased time, which was associated with the process of adapting to the use of the customized device. Nevertheless, he was highly satisfied with the device. The patient’s typing and writing speed and accuracy improve with the customized 3D-printed device, which can lead to a better performance in the activities of daily living.
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Gomez, Houari Cobas, Bianca Oliveira Agio, Jéssica Gonçalves da Silva, Natalia Neto Pereira Cerize, Adriano Marim de Oliveira, Kleber Lanigra Guimaraes, Marcio Rodrigues da Cunha, Antonio Carlos Seabra i Mario Ricardo Gongora-Rubio. "LTCC 3D MICROMIXERS FOR NON-MISCIBLE FLUIDS MICROEMULSION GENERATION". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, CICMT (1.05.2016): 000096–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016cicmt-wa15.
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Abstract The present work shows a ceramics microfluidic device for non-miscible fluids microemulsion generation using 3D serpentine micromixers. The technology used for device fabrication was Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC) which allows us for complex, high temperature and pressure resistant 3D microfluidic devices. The proposed device aims to obtain microemulsion with controlled drop size, low dispersion index and high production volumes using Top-Down approach. Previous simulation work had showed 3D serpentine as one of the best structures for rapid mixing due the chaotic advection generated on every 90 deg direction change. This effect, when mixing two fluids as oil and water leads to streamlines pinching-off making possible drop generation. We have used this effect on our device. For the experimental section, it was fabricated a 3D serpentine mixer microfluidic device with working region suitable for variable total flow rate. For certain value of total flow rate, the microemulsion showed higher drop diameter and polydispersity values. In this region, no control could be done in order to obtain the same drop value with the same process parameters. Inside the working region drop diameter values repeatability was obtained. In this region our experimental results had showed a relation between drop diameter and total flow rate. As a total flow rate increase the drop diameter decrease due to a stronger chaotic advection effect. In the other hand, the polydispersity index also decreases. Microemulsions with average size lower than few micrometer or submicron were obtained. When compared with other reported devices, our device presented a production volume in the range of tens of ml/s for the same output microemulsion size.
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Nikić, Marta, Aleksandar Opančar, Florian Hartmann, Ludovico Migliaccio, Marie Jakešová, Eric Daniel Głowacki i Vedran Đerek. "Micropyramid structured photo capacitive interfaces". Nanotechnology 33, nr 24 (23.03.2022): 245302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5927.
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Abstract Optically driven electronic neuromodulation devices are a novel tool in basic research and offer new prospects in medical therapeutic applications. Optimal operation of such devices requires efficient light capture and charge generation, effective electrical communication across the device’s bioelectronic interface, conformal adhesion to the target tissue, and mechanical stability of the device during the lifetime of the implant—all of which can be tuned by spatial structuring of the device. We demonstrate a 3D structured opto-bioelectronic device—an organic electrolytic photocapacitor spatially designed by depositing the active device layers on an inverted micropyramid-shaped substrate. Ultrathin, transparent, and flexible micropyramid-shaped foil was fabricated by chemical vapour deposition of parylene C on silicon moulds containing arrays of inverted micropyramids, followed by a peel-off procedure. The capacitive current delivered by the devices showed a strong dependency on the underlying spatial structure. The device performance was evaluated by numerical modelling. We propose that the developed numerical model can be used as a basis for the design of future functional 3D design of opto-bioelectronic devices and electrodes.
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Menon, Ankitha, Abdullah Khan, Neethu T. M. Balakrishnan, Prasanth Raghavan, Carlos A. Leon y Leon, Haris Ali Khan, M. J. Jabeen Fatima i Peter Samora Owuor. "Advances in 3D Printing for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems". Journal of Material Science and Technology Research 8 (30.11.2021): 50–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31875/2410-4701.2021.08.7.
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In the current scenario, energy generation is relied on the portable gadgets with more efficiency paving a way for new versatile and smart techniques for device fabrication. 3D printing is one of the most adaptable fabrication techniques based on designed architecture. The fabrication of 3D printed energy storage devices minimizes the manual labor enhancing the perfection of fabrication and reducing the risk of hazards. The perfection in fabrication technique enhances the performance of the device. The idea has been built upon by industry as well as academic research to print a variety of battery components such as cathode, anode, separator, etc. The main attraction of 3D printing is its cost-efficiency. There are tremendous savings in not having to manufacture battery cells separately and then assemble them into modules. This review highlights recent and important advances made in 3D printing of energy storage devices. The present review explains the common 3D printing techniques that have been used for the printing of electrode materials, separators, battery casings, etc. Also highlights the challenges present in the technique during the energy storage device fabrication in order to overcome the same to develop the process of 3D printing of the batteries to have comparable performance to, or even better performance than, conventional batteries.
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Taraev, A. Yu, i R. V. Ushakov. "Rationale for the use of a novel structure device for mandible fractures fixation". Stomatology for All / International Dental review, nr 1(98) (22.03.2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556/idr-2021-1(98)4-11.
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The finite element method in the Ansys Workbench system was used to solve static problems of the theory of elasticity, simulating the stress-strain state of the “bone-fixing device” systems under the action of the chewing, temporal, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. The stability of each of the considered fixing devices was quantitatively assessed, the relative displacements of bone fragments, equivalent stresses in the bone and fixing devices were calculated and compared, and the contact pressure between bone fragments was investigated.
It is shown that with the considered oblique fracture and the considered loads, the fixation device of a new type provides similar stability in comparison with the 3D plate. It was revealed that the fixation device of a new type, in comparison with the 3D plate, provides a higher contact pressure and a tighter contact between fragments. Equivalent stresses in the bone structures during the installation of the new type of fixation device were found to be lower than in similar bone structures during the installation of the 3D plate.
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Taraev, A. Yu, i R. V. Ushakov. "Rationale for the use of a novel structure device for mandible fractures fixation". Stomatology for All / International Dental review, nr 1(98) (22.03.2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556/idr-2022-1(98)4-11.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The finite element method in the Ansys Workbench system was used to solve static problems of the theory of elasticity, simulating the stress-strain state of the “bone-fixing device” systems under the action of the chewing, temporal, lateral pterygoid, and medial pterygoid muscles. The stability of each of the considered fixing devices was quantitatively assessed, the relative displacements of bone fragments, equivalent stresses in the bone and fixing devices were calculated and compared, and the contact pressure between bone fragments was investigated.
It is shown that with the considered oblique fracture and the considered loads, the fixation device of a new type provides similar stability in comparison with the 3D plate. It was revealed that the fixation device of a new type, in comparison with the 3D plate, provides a higher contact pressure and a tighter contact between fragments. Equivalent stresses in the bone structures during the installation of the new type of fixation device were found to be lower than in similar bone structures during the installation of the 3D plate.
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Kamalasanan, V., Y. Feng i M. Sester. "IMPROVING 3D PEDESTRIAN DETECTION FOR WEARABLE SENSOR DATA WITH 2D HUMAN POSE". ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-4-2022 (18.05.2022): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2022-219-2022.
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Abstract. Collisions and safety are important concepts when dealing with urban designs like shared spaces. As pedestrians (especially the elderly and disabled people) are more vulnerable to accidents, realising an intelligent mobility aid to avoid collisions is a direction of research that could improve safety using a wearable device. Also, with the improvements in technologies for visualisation and their capabilities to render 3D virtual content, AR devices could be used to realise virtual infrastructure and virtual traffic systems. Such devices (e.g., Hololens) scan the environment using stereo and ToF (Time-of-Flight) sensors, which in principle can be used to detect surrounding objects, including dynamic agents such as pedestrians. This can be used as basis to predict collisions. To envision an AR device as a safety aid and demonstrate its 3D object detection capability (in particular: pedestrian detection), we propose an improvement to the 3D object detection framework Frustum Pointnet with human pose and apply it on the data from an AR device. Using the data from such a device in an indoor setting, we conducted a comparative study to investigate how high level 2D human pose features in our approach could help to improve the detection performance of orientated 3D pedestrian instances over Frustum Pointnet.
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Asgari, Reza. "Challenges in 3D Inspection of Micro Bumps Used in 3D Packaging". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 000542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-wa12.
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2.5D/3D devices are the next major packaging technologies, driven by the need for more functionality, lower power consumption and smaller footprint. Many device manufacturers are devoting capital to develop their own processes and some are already shipping devices such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) on interposers. 3D packages often require hundreds of thousands of I/O per die. Micro Pillar bumps and C4 bumps are the main bump geometries used in 3D packages as their small pitch and size allow the required number of I/Os. Inspecting these bumps throughout the process is critical because failure after chip to chip or chip to wafer bonding is very costly. This paper describes the use of a camera and laser triangulation to provide complete 2D and 3D measurement and inspection capability.
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Galík, Ján, Daniel Varecha, Mário Drbúl, Rudolf Madaj i Viera Konstantová. "Design and optimization of the construction of a mobile disinfection chamber for small communication devices and small objects". Production Engineering Archives 29, nr 2 (26.04.2023): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2023.29.24.
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Abstract This manuscript aims to familiarise readers with the development of a device for the construction of a mobile disinfection chamber for small communication devices and small objects. The conceptual design and the material of the new device play essential roles in the design process of a new device. The manuscript presents concepts based primarily on previous experience and different perspectives. The concept design is created in the 3D modelling program CREO Parametric 8.0. A multi-criteria team evaluation determined the most suitable version of the idea. For dimensioning and shape adaptation of the device was used EinScan SP device (3D scanning method). The article's aim was also to establish a suitable way of producing a prototype using tribological research in available production methods and materials within rapid prototyping. Using the ALICONA Infinite Focus G5 device, experimentally investigated the parameters characterising the surface of the parts. The end of the manuscript focused on the mechanical structure and subjecting them to FEM analysis in the program ANSYS Workbench. The design of the concept disinfection device was also for extreme cases of use. Within this issue was optimising shapes, wall thicknesses, reinforcement design and other necessary modifications using the FEM analysis. From the results, the most suitable material to produce a more significant number of parts may not be the most suitable material to create prototype devices. Tools such as 3D scanning, rapid prototyping, and FEM analysis can "significantly" help reduce mistakes before testing the device.
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Prakash Khoja, Om, Yatendra Kumar Porwal, Sohan K. Sharma i Rajeev Bagarhatta. "OUTCOME OF ASD CLOSURE WITH DEVICE SIZE BASED ON PRE PROCEDURE 3D TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS AND ITS COMPARISON WITH 2D TRANSTHORACIC AND 2D TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: AN OBSERVATIONAL ANALYSIS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN JAIPUR". International Journal of Advanced Research 10, nr 01 (31.01.2022): 1079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/14148.
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Introduction: For safe percutaneous ASD device closure, the rims surrounding the defect should be appropriate to allow the device to firmly hang onto the atrial septum. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) is adequate in detecting these defects, but the images obtained can lack the detail necessary to precisely measure their size, shape, and location. Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) provides enhanced visualization of the defect in the majority of patients. The primary objective of the study is to estimate the proportion of cases where device was deployed safely as per the device size predetermined by pre procedure 3D TTE and to compare it with current gold standard imaging modality, ie, 2D TEE. Materials & methods: This single center observational study included 45 consecutive patients diagnosed as ostium secundum ASD by transthoracic echocardiography who were referred to SMS Hospital, Jaipur from March 2018 to September 2019. Patients included in the study, were examined by 2D and 3D TTE to determine the shape of the defect and visualize the surrounding structures before catheterization. Procedure performed under 2D TEE guidance, after measurement of defect size and surrounding tissue rims in the cath lab. Follow-up using 2D TTE and 3D TTE performed 24 hrs and 3 months after the trans-catheter ASD closure. Results: Trans-catheter ASD closure and echocardiographic examinations were successfully performed for all patients. No significant difference between the sizes of different rims by the three techniques (2DTTE vs 2DTEE vs 3DTTE). The ASD size by 3D TTE ranged from 14- 33 mm with a mean of 23.27 ± 4.91 mm and the ASD size by 2D TEE ranged from 11-32 mm with a mean of 21.73 ± 4.99 mm. While ASD size by 2D TTE ranged from 12–30 mm with a mean of 20.26 ± 4.55 mm. There was statistically significant difference between the maximum ASD diameter measured by 2D/ 3D TTE and that by 2D TEE (p = 0.013), with 3D TTE showing larger ASD diameter than 2D TTE/ 2D TEE resulting in larger predetermined size for ASD device closure. The assessment of the device relation to the aortic-mitral continuity, superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) by 2D and 3D echocardiography was done at 24 hours and three months. Seven patients had mitral regurgitation none had more than mild mitral regurgitation. After the ASD closure, two devices were close to the SVC and one device was close to the IVC. Sixteen devices were close to the MV with mild regurgitation in three of them two were newly detected and one with previous mitral regurgitation. Twelve devices were close to the aortic rim without regurgitation. There is no major complication in any patient on follow up. Conclusion: Predetermination of ASD closure device size is possible and safe with 3D TTE. 3D TTE is a safe and non-invasive strategy as compared to 2D TEE for deciding about suitability of device closure with sufficient rims. This may be useful in patients in whom TEE could not be done, especially in pediatric population.
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Abubakar, Adamu, Teddy Mantoro, Sardjoeni Moedjiono, Media Anugerah Ayu, Haruna Chiroma, Ahmad Waqas, Shafi’i Muhammad Abdulhamid, Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza i Abdulsalam Ya'u Gital. "A Support Vector Machine Classification of Computational Capabilities of 3D Map on Mobile Device for Navigation Aid". International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 10, nr 3 (26.07.2016): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v10i3.5056.
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3D map for mobile devices provide more realistic view of an environment and serves as better navigation aid. Previous research studies shows differences in 3D maps effect on acquiring of spatial knowledge. This is attributed to the differences in mobile device computational capabilities. Crucial to this, is the time it takes for 3D map dataset to be rendered for a required complete navigation task. Different findings suggest different approach on solving the problem of time require for both in-core (inside mobile) and out-core (remote) rendering of 3D dataset. Unfortunately, studies on analytical techniques required to shows the impact of computational resources required for the use of 3D map on mobile device were neglected by the research communities. This paper uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) to analytically classify mobile device computational capabilities required for 3D map that will be suitable for use as navigation aid. Fifty different Smart phones were categorized on the bases of their Graphical Processing Unit (GPU), display resolution, memory and size. The result of the proposed classification shows high accuracy
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J O'Donnell, T., i K. D Mitchell. "3D docking device for molecular modelling". Journal of Molecular Graphics 5, nr 2 (czerwiec 1987): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-7855(87)80003-6.
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Rodriguez-Garcia, Aida, Jacqueline Oliva-Ramirez, Claudia Bautista-Flores i Samira Hosseini. "3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment". Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (10.08.2020): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6187048.
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The past few decades have shown significant advancement as complex in vitro humanized systems have substituted animal trials and 2D in vitro studies. 3D humanized platforms mimic the organs of interest with their stimulations (physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical). Organ-on-chip devices, including in vitro modelling of 3D organoids, 3D microfabrication, and 3D bioprinted platforms, play an essential role in drug discovery, testing, and assessment. In this article, a thorough review is provided of the latest advancements in the area of organ-on-chip devices targeting liver, kidney, lung, gut, heart, skin, and brain mimicry devices for drug discovery, development, and/or assessment. The current strategies, fabrication methods, and the specific application of each device, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are presented for each reported platform. This comprehensive review also provides some insights on the challenges and future perspectives for the further advancement of each organ-on-chip device.
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Tejkl, Adam, i Petr Kavka. "Automated Low Investment Cost Evaporometers (ALICEs)". Applied Sciences 11, nr 11 (28.05.2021): 4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114986.
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Evaporation is an important part of the hydrological cycle. This paper discusses the materials and methods we used to develop an evaporometer, which measures evaporation from the water surface, like a drop in water level. The main problem is that there are relatively small differences in the levels measured directly in the field. During the research, we tested conductive filament and stainless steel as measuring electrode materials. We used 3D printing in combination with low-cost open-source electronics and a hand-etched circuit board to make a device which measures the free water surface level. A 3D printed jig is used when assembling the device, and this ensures that the contact electrodes are set precisely. Another 3D printed jig is used to create the etched circuit board, which holds all the electronic devices. The device uses the low-cost open-source Arduino Uno electronics microcontroller board. Our results show that high-precision measurements can be gathered with the use of open-source electronics in 3D printed housing. The device is also durable and easy to maintain.
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Marco-Jiménez, Francisco, Ximo Garcia-Dominguez, Luís García-Valero i José S. Vicente. "A 3D-Printed Large Holding Capacity Device for Minimum Volume Cooling Vitrification of Embryos in Prolific Livestock Species". Animals 13, nr 5 (22.02.2023): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13050791.
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Although many devices have been developed to reduce sample volume, with an explosion of methods appearing in the literature over the last decade, commercially available devices with simultaneous vitrification of a larger number of embryos are scarce, with the apparent gap for their use in prolific livestock species. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a new three-dimensional (3D)-printed device that combines minimum volume cooling vitrification with simultaneous vitrification of a larger number of rabbit embryos. Late morulae/early blastocysts were vitrified with the open Cryoeyelet® device (n = 175; 25 embryos per device), the open Cryotop® device (n = 175; 10 embryos per device), and the traditional closed French mini-straw device (n = 125; 25 embryos per straw) and compared in terms of in vitro development and reproductive performance after transfer to adoptive mothers. Fresh embryos constituted the control group (n = 125). In experiment 1, there was no difference in the development rate to the blastocyst hatching stage between the CryoEyelet® and the other devices. In experiment 2, the CryoEyelet® device showed a higher implantation rate compared with the Cryotop® (6.3% unit of SD, p = 0.87) and French mini-straw® (16.8% unit of SD, p = 1.00) devices. In terms of offspring rate, the CryoEyelet® device was similar to the Cryotop® device but superior to the French straw device. Regarding embryonic and fetal losses, the CryoEyelet® showed lower embryonic losses compared to other vitrification devices. The analysis of bodyweight showed that all devices showed a similar outcomes—a higher birthweight but a lower body weight at puberty than those in the fresh transfer embryos group. In summary, the CryoEyelet® device can be used for the vitrification of many late morulae or early blastocyst stage rabbit embryos per device. Further studies should be performed to evaluate the CryoEyelet® device in other polytocous species for the simultaneous vitrification of a large number of embryos.
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Chen, Jianwei, Hao Ding, Zheng Li i Shaoan Yan. "3D simulations of device performance for 3D-Trench electrode detector". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 796 (październik 2015): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2015.04.023.
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Courtemanche, Jean, Samson King i David Bouck. "Engineering Novel Lab Devices Using 3D Printing and Microcontrollers". SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, nr 5 (19.03.2018): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318766858.
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The application of 3D printing and microcontrollers allows users to rapidly engineer novel hardware solutions useful in a laboratory environment. 3D printing is transformative as it enables the rapid fabrication of adapters, housings, jigs, and small structural elements. Microcontrollers allow for the creation of simple, inexpensive machines that receive input from one or more sensors to trigger a mechanical or electrical output. Bringing these technologies together, we have developed custom solutions that improve capabilities and reduce costs, errors, and human intervention. In this article, we describe three devices: JetLid, TipWaster, and Remote Monitoring Device (REMIND). JetLid employs a microcontroller and presence sensor to trigger a high-speed fan that reliably de-lids microtiter plates on a high-throughput screening system. TipWaster uses a presence sensor to activate an active tip waste chute when tips are ejected from a pipetting head. REMIND is a wireless, networked lab monitoring device. In its current implementation, it monitors the liquid level of waste collection vessels or bulk liquid reagent containers. The modularity of this device makes adaptation to other sensors (temperature, humidity, light/darkness, movement, etc.) relatively simple. These three devices illustrate how 3D printing and microcontrollers have enabled the process of rapidly turning ideas into useful devices.
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Wang, Qiong. "Design of 3D Animation Special Effects in Animation 3D Modeling Teaching Based on QFD Theory". International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 12, nr 07 (12.07.2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v12i07.7218.
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A multimedia teaching device based on synchronous text teaching content display was designed by utilizing multimedia and animation technology. The device can make relevant text appear synchronously while the teaching video is played. It can achieve perfect combination of video and text, reduce learning load and improve learning efficiency. To estimate this new teaching device, we chose the students as the objects of study before and after using the device, and combined QFD theory for quantitative evaluation. Finally, such conclusion was drawn that this teaching device indeed has an ideal teaching effect.
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Shamloo, Amir, i Leyla Amirifar. "A microfluidic device for 2D to 3D and 3D to 3D cell navigation". Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 26, nr 1 (30.11.2015): 015003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/26/1/015003.
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Zhou, Shuai, Kaixue Ma, Yugong Wu, Peng Liu, Xianghong Hu, Guojian Nie, Yan Ren i in. "Survey of Reliability Research on 3D Packaged Memory". Electronics 12, nr 12 (17.06.2023): 2709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122709.
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As the core carrier of information storage, a semiconductor memory device is a basic product with a large volume that is widespread in the integrated circuit industry. With the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing processes and materials, the internal structure of memory has gradually shifted from a 2D planar packaging structure to a 3D packaging structure to meet industry demands for high-frequency, high-speed, and large-capacity devices with low power consumption. However, advanced 3D packaging technology can pose some reliability risks, making devices prone to failure, especially when used in harsh environmental conditions, including temperature changes, high temperature and humidity levels, and mechanical stress. In this paper, the authors introduce the typical structure characteristics of 3D packaged memory; analyze the reasons for device failure caused by stress; summarize current research methods that utilize temperature, mechanical and hygrothermal theories, and failure models; and present future challenges and directions regarding the reliability research of 3D packaged memory.
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Chin, Seow Yong, Vishwesh Dikshit, Balasankar Meera Priyadarshini i Yi Zhang. "Powder-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Device with Micro and Mesoscale Features". Micromachines 11, nr 7 (30.06.2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11070658.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Customized manufacturing of a miniaturized device with micro and mesoscale features is a key requirement of mechanical, electrical, electronic and medical devices. Powder-based 3D-printing processes offer a strong candidate for micromanufacturing due to the wide range of materials, fast production and high accuracy. This study presents a comprehensive review of the powder-based three-dimensional (3D)-printing processes and how these processes impact the creation of devices with micro and mesoscale features. This review also focuses on applications of devices with micro and mesoscale size features that are created by powder-based 3D-printing technology.
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Hasler, O., S. Blaser i S. Nebiker. "IMPLEMENTATION AND FIRST EVALUATION OF AN INDOOR MAPPING APPLICATION USING SMARTPHONES AND AR FRAMEWORKS". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (29.11.2019): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-135-2019.
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Abstract. In this paper, we present the implementation of a smartphone-based indoor mobile mapping application based on an augmented reality (AR) framework and a subsequent performance evaluation in demanding indoor environments. The implementation runs on Android and iOS devices and demonstrates the great potential of smartphone-based 3D mobile mapping. The application includes several functionalities such as device tracking, coordinate, and distance measuring as well as capturing georeferenced imagery. We evaluate our prototype system by comparing measured points from the tracked device with ground control points in an indoor environment with two different campaigns. The first campaign consists of an open, one-way trajectory whereas the second campaign incorporates a loop closure. In the second campaign, the underlying AR framework successfully recognized the start location and correctly repositioned the device. Our results show that the absolute 3D accuracy of device tracking with a standard smartphone is around 1% of the travelled distance and that the local 3D accuracy reaches sub-decimetre level.
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Wang, Yong Quan, Jing Yuan Wang i Hua Ling Chen. "Fabrication and Experimental Investigation of a Novel 3D Hydrodynamic Focusing Micro Cytometric Device". Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (luty 2014): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.242.
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This paper presents the fabrication of a novel micro-machined cytometric device, and the experimental investigations for its 3D hydrodynamic focusing performance. The proposed device is simple in structure, with the uniqueness that the depth of its microchannels is non-uniform. Using the SU-8 soft lithography containing two exposures, as well as micro-molding techniques, the PDMS device is successfully fabricated. Two kinds of experiments, i.e., the red ink fluidity observation experiments and the fluorescent optical experiments, are then performed for the device prototypes with different step heights, or channel depth differences, to explore the influence laws of the feature parameter on the devices hydrodynamic focusing behaviors. The experimental results show that the introducing of the steps can efficiently enhance the vertical focusing performance of the device. At appropriate geometry and operating conditions, good 3D hydrodynamic focusing can be obtained.