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Lušnic Polak, Mateja, Tomaž Polak, Nina Brglez i Lea Demšar. "La carne di chiocciola, un’antica fonte di proteine nella dieta umana". Meso 25, nr 2 (14.04.2023): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31727/m.25.2.4.
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The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical parameters, i.e. water, protein, fat, ash, sodium and carbohydrate content and energy value, as well as fatty acid composition and pH of snail meat from two species, Cornu aspersum maximum and Cornu aspersum Müller. The snail meat was found to have relatively high protein content (13.12 g/100 g vs. 16.53 g/100 g), low fat content (0.89 g/100 g vs. 1.21 g/100 g), and low energy value (343.8 kJ vs. 379.2 kJ). The pH of snail meat was very high (8.59 vs. 8.19). On average, snail meat has a favourable fatty acid composition as it contains 27.08 wt. % saturated (SFA), 19.00 wt. % monounsaturated, and 53.92 wt. % polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has a favourable PUFA/SFA ratio (1.99), but an unfavourable n-6/n-3 ratio (20.33) and a relatively high proportion of trans fatty acids (3.93 wt. %). The fatty acid profile of snail meat is dominated by linoleic acid (20.89 wt. %), arachidonic acid (13.27 wt. %), oleic acid (12.67 wt. %), nonadecanoic acid (10.23 wt. %), and stearic acid (10.08 wt.%). The aim of our study was also to verify the culinary value of snail meat. For this purpose, two snail meat pâtés of acceptable sensory quality were prepared. The panel evaluated the sensory quality of the pâté made from the meat (foot and liver) of the snail Cornu aspersum Müller significantly worse than the pâté made from the meat of the snail Cornu aspersum maximum, mainly due to the unpleasant aroma, in which the soapy, sweet and spicy components predominated, as well as the absence of the snail meat aroma.
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Hakala, Sanna, Heikki Kivistö, Teemu Paajanen, Annaliisa Kankainen, Marjo-Riitta Anttila, Ari Heinonen i Tuulikki Sjögren. "Effectiveness of Distance Technology in Promoting Physical Activity in Cardiovascular Disease Rehabilitation: Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial, A Pilot Study". JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 8, nr 2 (18.06.2021): e20299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20299.
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Background Physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular rehabilitation. Digitalization suggests using technology in the promotion of physical activity and lifestyle changes. The effectiveness of distance technology interventions has previously been found to be similar to that of conventional treatment, but the added value of the technology has not been frequently studied. Objective The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether additional distance technology intervention is more effective in promoting physical activity than non-technology–based treatment in 12 months of cardiac rehabilitation. Methods The cardiovascular disease rehabilitation intervention consisted of three 5-day inpatient periods in a rehabilitation center and two 6-month self-exercise periods at home in between. Participants were recruited from among cardiac patients who attended the rehabilitation program and were cluster-randomized into unblinded groups: conventional rehabilitation control clusters (n=3) and similar rehabilitation with additional distance technology experimental group clusters (n=3). Experimental groups used Fitbit Charge HR for self-monitoring, and they set goals and reported their activity using Movendos mCoach, through which they received monthly automated and in-person feedback. Physical activity outcomes for all participants were measured using the Fitbit Zip accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results During the first 6 months, the experimental group (n=29) engaged in light physical activity more often than the control group (n=30; mean difference [MD] 324.2 minutes per week, 95% CI 77.4 to 571.0; P=.01). There were no group differences in the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 12.6 minutes per week, 95% CI –90.5 to 115.7; P=.82) or steps per day (MD 1084.0, 95% CI –585.0 to 2752.9; P=.20). During the following 6 months, no differences between the groups were observed in light physical activity (MD –87.9 minutes per week, 95% CI –379.2 to 203.3; P=.54), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 70.9 minutes per week, 95% CI –75.7 to 217.6; P=.33), or steps per day (MD 867.1, 95% CI –2099.6 to 3833.9; P=.55). Conclusions The use of additional distance technology increased the duration of light physical activity at the beginning of cardiac rehabilitation (for the first 6 months), but statistically significant differences were not observed between the two groups for moderate or vigorous physical activity or steps per day for both 6-month self-exercise periods. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN61225589; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61225589
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Saouane, Sofiane, Gernot Buth i Francesca P. A. Fabbiani. "Crystal structure and packing energy calculations of (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, nr 11 (24.10.2013): 1238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113025924.
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The X-ray single-crystal structure of (2S,5R,6R)-6-amino-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid, commonly known as (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (C8H12N2O3S) and a precursor of a variety of semi-synthetic penicillins, has been determined from synchrotron data at 150 K. The structure represents an ordered zwitterion and the crystals are nonmerohedrally twinned. The crystal structure is composed of a three-dimensional network built by three charge-assisted hydrogen bonds between the ammonium and carboxylate groups. The complementary analysis of the crystal packing by thePIXELmethod brings to light the nature and ranking of the energetically most stabilizing intermolecular interaction energies. In accordance with the zwitterionic nature of the structure,PIXELlattice energy calculations confirm the predominance of the Coulombic term (−379.1 kJ mol−1) ahead of the polarization (−141.4 kJ mol−1), dispersion (−133.7 kJ mol−1) and repulsion (266.3 kJ mol−1) contributions.
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Gold, Doria M., John-Ross Rizzo, Yuen Shan Christine Lee, Amanda Childs, Todd E. Hudson, John Martone, Yuka K. Matsuzawa i in. "King-Devick Test Performance and Cognitive Dysfunction after Concussion: A Pilot Eye Movement Study". Brain Sciences 11, nr 12 (27.11.2021): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121571.
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(1) Background: The King-Devick (KD) rapid number naming test is sensitive for concussion diagnosis, with increased test time from baseline as the outcome measure. Eye tracking during KD performance in concussed individuals shows an association between inter-saccadic interval (ISI) (the time between saccades) prolongation and prolonged testing time. This pilot study retrospectively assesses the relation between ISI prolongation during KD testing and cognitive performance in persistently-symptomatic individuals post-concussion. (2) Results: Fourteen participants (median age 34 years; 6 women) with prior neuropsychological assessment and KD testing with eye tracking were included. KD test times (72.6 ± 20.7 s) and median ISI (379.1 ± 199.1 msec) were prolonged compared to published normative values. Greater ISI prolongation was associated with lower scores for processing speed (WAIS-IV Coding, r = 0.72, p = 0.0017), attention/working memory (Trails Making A, r = −0.65, p = 0.006) (Digit Span Forward, r = 0.57, p = −0.017) (Digit Span Backward, r= −0.55, p = 0.021) (Digit Span Total, r = −0.74, p = 0.001), and executive function (Stroop Color Word Interference, r = −0.8, p = 0.0003). (3) Conclusions: This pilot study provides preliminary evidence suggesting that cognitive dysfunction may be associated with prolonged ISI and KD test times in concussion.
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Simpson, Katharine M., i Robert N. Streeter. "Traumatic exungulation in cattle: ten cases (1993–2018)". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 259, nr 12 (15.12.2021): 1460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.21.06.0300.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes for cattle with complete traumatic exungulation. ANIMALS 10 bovines. PROCEDURES Record databases of 2 teaching hospitals were searched to identify cattle treated for traumatic exungulation between January 1993 and December 2018. Information about signalment, clinical signs and findings, treatment, and outcome was extracted from the records or obtained by telephone communication with the owner. RESULTS Records for 5 bulls, 4 heifers, and 1 cow with a median age of 2 years (range, 1 day to 10 years) and weight of 379.1 kg (range, 30 to 909.1 kg) were reviewed. Duration of clinical signs ranged from ≤ 24 hours to 3.5 days. Five of 7 animals had a lameness score > 3/5. Complete exungulation occurred in 6 medial digits (3 hind limbs and 3 forelimbs) and 5 lateral digits (1 hind limb and 4 forelimbs); 1 calf had complete exungulation of both digits of a forelimb. Treatments included bandaging (n = 9), antimicrobials (9), anti-inflammatories (8), hoof block application to the adjacent digit (7), regional anesthesia (6), cast application (4), curettage of the third phalanx (3), regional antimicrobial perfusion (1), and local application of antimicrobial-impregnated beads (1). All 7 cattle with long-term (≥ 9 months) information available returned to their intended function; 6 had no residual lameness, and 3 required regular corrective trimming of the affected digit. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested the prognosis for long-term survival and return to intended function is fair to good for cattle with complete exungulation.
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Lin, Yu-Hsin, Guan-Wen Chen, Chin Yeh, Helena Song i Jenn-Shou Tsai. "Purification and Identification of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides and the Antihypertensive Effect of Chlorella sorokiniana Protein Hydrolysates". Nutrients 10, nr 10 (1.10.2018): 1397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101397.
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Hot water was used to obtain Chlorella sorokiniana hot water extract (HWE). Subsequently, this byproduct was freeze-dried, hydrolysed at 50 °C using Protease N to obtain C. sorokiniana protein hydrolysates (PN-1), and then digested with a gastrointestinal enzyme (PN-1G). The inhibitory effects of the HWE and hydrolysates against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were investigated. The soluble protein and peptide contents were 379.9 and 179.7 mg/g, respectively, for HWE and 574.8 and 332.8 mg/g, respectively, for PN-1. The IC50 values of the HWE, PN-1, and PN-1G on ACE were 1.070, 0.035, and 0.044 mg/mL, respectively. PN-1G was separated into seven fractions through size exclusion chromatography. The sixth fraction of the hydrolysate had a molecular weight between 270 and 340 Da, and the lowest IC50 value on ACE was 0.015 mg/mL. The amino acid sequences of the ACE-inhibitory peptides were Trp-Val, Val-Trp, Ile-Trp, and Leu-Trp, of which the IC50 values were 307.61, 0.58, 0.50, and 1.11 µΜ, respectively. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were reduced 20 and 21 mm Hg, respectively, in spontaneously hypertensive rats after 6 h of oral administration with a dose of 171.4 mg PN-1 powder/kg body weight.
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Respati, Rida. "Pengaruh Admixture Terhadap Campuran Beton K 350 Ditinjau Dari Kuat Tekan Beton". Media Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 7, nr 1 (15.12.2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/mits.v7i1.681.
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In this research, we want to experiment to find out the compressive strength of medium quality concrete K-350 with ingredients added MASTER RHEOBUILD 6, whose function is to accelerate hardening, improve the quality of concrete, reduce water use and increase the value of slump. However, it should be noted that errors in dosages and how to use added ingredients can be detrimental to the quality of concrete. The results of the study show that the addition of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 liters per 50 kg of cement can increase the concrete compressive strength. The compressive strength of concrete with the addition of 0.25 liters/50 kg of cement has increased 362.67 kg/cm� from the normal concrete compressive strength of 350.58 kg/cm2. The addition of 0.5 liters/50 kg of cement has increased again to 373.24 kg/cm�, and the addition of 0.75 liters/50 kg of cement has increased the concrete compressive strength to 379.29 kg/cm� of normal concrete. Comparison of compressive strength before and after addition of admixture with an increase of 3.45% in addition of 0.25 liters/50 kg of cement, 6.47% in addition of 0.5 liters/50 kg of cement and 8.19% in addition of 0.75 liters/50 kg of cement.
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Abed, Mohammed A., i Alaa H. Abed. "Effect of Hybrid Modification and Type of Compaction on the Cracking Properties of Asphalt Concrete". Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, nr 2 (18.09.2020): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23020106.
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This paper focused on evaluating the effect of aggregate gradation and polymer modification on indirect tensile strength (ITS) and the static stiffness for hot asphalt mixtures. In particular, data from ITS tests have been processed to obtain stiffness measurements through the application of Hondros theory. The results showed that fine mixtures had a better tensile strength by 26.3% than the coarse mixtures. The effect of compaction also was examined, the results showed that samples compacted with the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) had an enhancement in ITS by 36.58 and 23.1% in comparison with Marshall and roller compactor respectively. Polymer modifiers were used to estimate their effect on tensile strength, adding 4, 6, and 8% of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), which can rise the ITS by 3.2,6.14 and 13.3% of the non-modified asphalt mixture. Furthermore, using 4, 6, and 8 percent of SBS could increase static stiffness by 53.9, 209.6, and 302.4% respectively for roller compacted fine mixes and 58, 220, and 379.3% for SGC compacted mixes. Furthermore, SBS raised the stiffness modulus by 52.3, 188, and 295% for Marshall compacted mixes. Using hybrid modifier can improve the stiffness of the asphalt mixture. However, The results indicate that using 1, 2 and 3% polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can magnify the stiffness of mixtures by 41.2, 199.8% and 262.6 for roller compacted mixtures and 133.4, 212.1 and 354% for SGC compacted mixtures, whereas there is a stringent increasing by 133.4, 189.2 and 354% for Marshall compacted mixes. Otherwise, polymer-modification can decrease the fracturing index for coarse and fine mixtures.
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Tsirulnikova, O. M., P. M. Gadzhieva, I. A. Miloserdov, D. A. Saydulaev i I. E. Pashkova. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of prophylactic strategies for cytomegalovirus infection in pediatric kidney recipients". Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 23, nr 4 (3.11.2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2021-4-13-18.
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most severe viral infection in renal transplant recipients, which can occur in the post-transplant period in both adult and pediatric recipients. Developing and applying an effective prevention and treatment strategy for pediatric renal graft recipients is a priority. Objective: to compare the effectiveness of the protocols used for the prevention of CMV infection in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.Materials and methods. The study enrolled 118 patients who underwent primary kidney transplantation at Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. Based on retrospective analysis, all recipients were divided into two groups, depending on the prophylactic strategy after kidney transplantation. The followup period for pediatric kidney recipients ranged from 108 to 1803 (623.5 ± 379.5) days. CMV infection activity was monitored by polymerase chain reaction.Results. The frequency of CMV infection activation episodes at 3 and 6 months was independent of the prophylaxis strategy used. The recurrence rate of CMV infection one year after surgery was significantly lower (p = 0.037) with Strategy 2. No cases of CMV syndrome or CMV disease, graft dysfunction, or chronic rejection associated with CMV infection were reported. Increasing the dose of antiviral drugs in Strategy 1 did not increase the risk of cytotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are reversible (creatinine levels were not significantly different in the study groups at 3, 6, 12 months, p = 0.542, p = 0.287, p = 0.535, respectively). The incidence of kidney graft rejection did not increase in patients with lower doses of immunosuppressants in Strategy 2.Conclusion. Both prophylactic strategies are effective in pediatric kidney recipients. However, the choice of a strategy depends on the individual characteristics of the patient and requires a personalized approach.
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Hong, Eun-Sik, Ji-Hyun Kim, Hee-Jin So, Eun-Ah Park, Ye-Lim Park, Jeung-Hee Lee, Jung-Ah Shin i Ki-Teak Lee. "Compositional Study of Phospholipids from the Dried Big Head and Opossum Shrimp, Mussel, and Sea Cucumber Using 31P NMR Spectroscopy: Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Plasmalogen". Molecules 27, nr 19 (22.09.2022): 6250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196250.
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Herein, we present a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the compositions of plasmalogens and phospholipids (PLs) in dried big head shrimp (Solenocera melantho), opossum shrimp (Neomysis awatschensis), mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), and sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). We also analyze the fatty acid composition of the extracted lipids, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho), and plasmalogen choline (PlsCho) from each sample. In big head shrimp, opossum shrimp, and mussel, phosphatidyl choline (PtdCho) was the most abundant PL at 1677.9, 1603, and 1661.6 mg/100 g of dried sample, respectively, whereas the most abundant PL in sea cucumber was PlsCho (206.9 mg/100 g of dried sample). In all four samples, plasmalogen ethanolamine (PlsEtn) was higher than phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PtdEtn). The content (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsCho was highest in mussel (379.0), and it was higher in big head shrimp (262.3) and opossum shrimp (245.6) than sea cucumber (206.9). The contents (mg/100 g of dried sample) of PlsEtn were in the order of mussel (675.4) > big head shrimp (629.5) > opossum shrimp (217.9) > sea cucumber (51.5). For analyzing the fatty acids at the sn-2 position of PlsCho, the consecutive treatment with phospholipase A1, solid phase extraction, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and GC-FID were applied. The most abundant fatty acid was eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) in big head shrimp and sea cucumber, palmitoleic acid (C16:1, n-7) in opossum shrimp, and docosadienoic acid (C22:2, n-6) in mussel.
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Loef, M., J. von Hegedus, M. Ghorasaini, F. Kroon, M. Giera, A. Ioan-Facsinay i M. Kloppenburg. "POS0371 BIOLOGICAL REPRODUCIBILITY OF TARGETED LIPIDOME ANALYSES IN PLASMA AND ERYTHROCYTES OVER A 6-WEEK PERIOD". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 416.1–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.20.
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Background:Lipidomics analysis has become a valuable technology for understanding patho-physiological mechanisms and the identification of candidate biomarkers in rheumatic musculoskeletal disorders. Variability in within-subject repeated measurements may lead to bias towards the null when estimating the association between biomarkers and a disease or treatment. Hence, information regarding the stability of the metabolite levels over time is essential.Objectives:We aimed to assess the lipid composition and biological reproducibility of lipid measurements in plasma and erythrocytes.Methods:Plasma and erythrocyte samples from 42 osteoarthritis patients (77% women, mean age 65 years, mean BMI 27 kg/m2), obtained non-fasted at baseline and six weeks, were used for the quantitative measurement of up to 1000 lipid species across 13 lipid classes with the LipidyzerTM platform in nmol/mL. Data was processed based on the relative standard deviation of quality controls, taking batch effects into account. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to investigate the variability of the lipid concentrations between timepoints. The ICC distribution of lipid metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes were compared using two-sided paired Wilcoxon tests.Results:We measured 778 lipids in plasma, compared to 916 lipids in erythrocytes. After data processing, the analyses included 630 lipids in plasma, and 286 in erythrocytes. From these, 243 lipids overlapped between sample types. Major differences were observed between the sample types in the number of lipids per lipid class and the total concentration of the lipids within a class. Triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesteryl esters (CE) were more abundant in plasma. Conversely, phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides (CER) were less abundant in plasma compared to erythrocytes (table 1). In plasma 78% of lipid measurements were good to excellently reproduced, with an overall median ICC 0.69. Compared to plasma, a considerably lower amount (35%) of lipids were well reproduced in erythrocytes. Median reproducibility of lipids in erythrocytes was 0.51. Figure 1 shows the ICC score distribution in plasma with erythrocytes, with a significantly better reproducibility in plasma (p-value<0.001). However, while overall reproducibility was better in plasma, this was not observed for all lipid classes. At class-level, reproducibility in plasma was superior for TAGs and CEs, while CERs, DAGs, (L)PEs and SMs showed better reproducibility in erythrocytes.Table 1.Number of individual lipids per class and class concentrations in plasma and erythrocytesPlasmaErythrocytesNumber of lipid speciesClass concentration (nmol/mL)Number of lipid speciesClass concentration (nmol/mL)Triacylglycerols4821579.4 (1064.9-3195.2)1346.5 (5.6-9.4)Diacylglycerols913.3 (8.4-22.2)105.8 (4.7-6.2)Free fatty acids20745.3 (552.0-1202.9)20486.9 (379.2-669.2)Cholesteryl esters244571.6 (4065.1-5521.3)51.2 (0.9-1.7)Phosphatidylcholines314013.7 (3203.1-4661.6)423899.2 (3723.0-4296.6)Phosphatidylethanolamines26156.2 (120.9-180.3)423954.6 (3721.9-4323.3)Lysophosphatidylcholines9385.9 (335.6-442.9)7119.8 (109.7-168.9)Lysophosphatidylethanolamines24.2 (3.5-4.9)48.6 (6.8-9.7)Sphingomyelins121204.6 (1037.0-1351.9)82695.8 (2434.8-2815.6)Ceramides614.1 (11.9-17.4)7163.0 (133.3-186.4)Dihydroceramides21.0 (0.8-1.3)11.8 (1.4-2.1)Hexosylceramides55.1 (4.7-5.9)45.6 (5.0-7.4)Lactosylceramides23.4 (2.7-3.8)223.8 (20.6-33.5)Numbers represent median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified. Data represents baseline measurements.Conclusion:In plasma biological reproducibility was good for most lipid measurements. Although overall reproducibility was better in plasma compared to erythrocytes, notable differences were observed at individual- and lipid class-level that may favour the use of a particular sample type.Disclosure of Interests:Marieke Loef: None declared, Johannes von Hegedus: None declared, Mohan Ghorasaini: None declared, Féline Kroon: None declared, Martin Giera Shareholder of: Pfizer, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Andreea Ioan-Facsinay: None declared, Margreet Kloppenburg: None declared
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Balayan, R., L. Tadevosyan i A. Pahlevanyan. "Economic Evaluation and Oil Productivity of the Seeds for Different Pumpkin Species". Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, nr 1 (15.01.2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/62/09.
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Pumpkin belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. In Ararat valley we are cultivating mainly 3 species: Cucurbita pepo, C. maxima, and C. moschata. Its fruits have many valuable properties. Pumpkin pulp contains minerals, vitamins, starch, sugar. It was envisaged to identify the varietal characteristics of pumpkin, fruit and seed yield in the conditions of the Ararat valley. We studied 6 samples of different types of pumpkins to identify oil productivity of their seeds. Germination of the studied accessions was 91¬–96%. Some of them germinated friendly, while others gradually. Martuni population and Sem variety from the C. pepo have been marked as the earliest flowering and fruiting with vegetation period 103 and 105 days accordingly. The studied varieties differed in the shape and weight of the fruit. The largest fruits were observed in maxima pumpkins (5.5–5.2 kg). The yield of varieties varied from 29.7 to 40.1 t/ha. The purpose of our research was to study varieties of different types of pumpkins for detecting oil productivity of their seeds. Among the pumpkin varieties studied, the varieties Martuni population, Ararati Vardaguin and Sem (1.22, 0.95, 0.92%, respectively) were distinguished by a high quantity of seeds. The largest yield of seeds per hectare was obtained from the Martuni population, Berkanush, Ararati Vardaguin, which amounted to 379.4, 341.9 and 339.0 kg/ha. Among the varieties under study, the Martuni population, Ararati Vardaguin, Sem and Berkanush, which are characterized by high productivity and seed yield, are of great interest. The most promising for obtaining oil is a variety Sem.
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Crabtree, Thomas SJ, Alex Bickerton, Jackie Elliott, Rajeev Raghavan, Dennis Barnes, Siva Sivappriyan, Suzanne Phillips i in. "Effect of empagliflozin on albuminuria, eGFR and serum creatinine: updated results from the ABCD nationwide empagliflozin audit". British Journal of Diabetes 21, nr 1 (28.05.2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15277/bjd.2021.288.
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Introduction: Evidence from phase III and the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trials have demonstrated improvements in renal endpoints with empagliflozin use. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial is currently underway and is assessing whether there are benefits of empagliflozin in improving renal outcomes in people both with and without diabetes, and the mechanism has been suggested to be similar to that of ACE inhibitors with the haemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibition reducing intraglomerular pressure.Aim: To assess the impacts of empagliflozin use on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a real-world UK-based audit.Methods: Data were collated via the ABCD nationwide audit programme, with analyses performed using either t-tests/ ANOVA or Wilcoxon signed rank/Kruskal–Wallis tests. Pre-specified stratified subgroup analyses by baseline eGFR and baseline albuminuria levels were also performed.Results: Our results demonstrated significant reductions in albuminuria across the population as a whole. When stratified by baseline albuminuria levels, those with microalbuminuria (30–300 μg/mg) or macroalbuminuria (>300 μg/mg) had significant improvements in urine albumin levels at 6-month (3–9-month) follow-up, with median changes of −17.7 μg/mg (p<0.0001; 95% CI −17.4 to −23.7) and 379.4 μg/mg (p=0.03; 95% CI −269.9 to −725.4), respectively. Across the population as a whole, eGFR reduced initially (at 6 months, −1.26 mL/min/1.73 m3; p<0.0001; 95% CI −0.87 to −1.64) before recovering to baseline by 24 months. When stratified by baseline eGFR, those with reduced renal function (eGFR <90) recovered quickest, with improvements in eGFR noted from baseline by 24 months.Conclusion: In this real-world analysis, the results are comparable to those in randomised controlled trials and are likely more generalisable to UK clinical practice. Unfortunately, we do not have clinical endpoints such as end-stage renal failure, renal death or dialysis as part of our dataset. Future audits could consider including these data to establish clinical as well as biochemical outcomes.
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Mahal, Zinat, MAMY Khandoker i MN Haque. "Effect of non genetic factors on productive traits of Black Bengal goats". Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 11, nr 1 (5.03.2014): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18217.
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Accumulated five years data on 197 kids of 15 Black Bengal bucks in the nucleus breeding flock of Black Bengal goats were analyzed for the study of production traits. The traits considered were birth weight, weight at every 3- month interval up to 12-month, semen characteristics and milk yield. Semen parameters were evaluated from 450 ejaculates of 15 Black Bengal bucks collected twice a week by artificial vagina method and daily milk yield of Black Bengal goats were estimated from the analysis of 57 lactation records of 30 does. The significance of fixed effects sex of kid, parity, litter size, season, age, body weight and scrotal circumferance were analyzed using least-squares analyses of variance of the general linear model (GLM) procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 1998). Least-squares means for body weights at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month of age were 1.3, 4.8, 8.0, 11.1 and 14.0 kg, respectively. Body weights at 3, 6, 9 and 12-month of age except at birth were affected by the sex of kids (p<0.05). Type of birth and parity of dam had the significant affect (p<0.05) on birth weight, whereas season of birth had significant (p<0.05) effect on the body weight. The least-squares means of semen volume (ml/ejaculate), sperm concentration (109/ml), mass motility (%), live spermatozoa (%) and normal spermatozoa (%) were 0.5, 2.4, 80.0, 86.5 and 89.3, respectively. Age of bucks had significant (p<0.01) affect on semen volume, sperm concentration. Body weight had a significant (p<0.05) effect on semen volume only. Least-squares mean of daily milk yield was 379.9 lit.. Milk yields was significantly (p<0.01) affected by litter size and season of kidding. It is suggested that nongenetic factors should be adopted as a technique for improving the productive traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18217 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 79-86, 2013
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McKenzie, S. M., W. F. Doe i G. D. Buffinton. "5-Aminosalicylic acid prevents oxidant mediated damage of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in colon epithelial cells". Gut 44, nr 2 (1.02.1999): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.44.2.180.
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BackgroundReactive oxygen and nitrogen derived species produced by activated neutrophils have been implicated in the damage of mucosal proteins including the inhibition of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the active inflammatory lesion in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the efficacy of currently used IBD therapeutics to prevent injury mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen derived species.MethodsGAPDH activity of human colon epithelial cells was used as a sensitive indicator of injury produced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen derived species. HCT116 cells (106/ml phosphate buffered saline; 37°C) were incubated in the presence of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 6-mercaptopurine, methylprednisolone, or metronidazole before exposure to H2O2, HOCl, or NO in vitro. HCT116 cell GAPDH enzyme activity was determined by standard procedures. Cell free reactions between 5-ASA and HOCl were analysed by spectrophotometry and fluorimetry to characterise the mechanism of oxidant scavenging.ResultsGAPDH activity of HCT116 cells was inhibited by the oxidants tested: the concentration that produced 50% inhibition (IC50) was 44.5 (2.1) μM for HOCl, 379.8 (21.3) μM for H2O2, and 685.8 (103.8) μM for NO (means (SEM)). 5-ASA was the only therapeutic compound tested to show efficacy (p<0.05) against HOCl mediated inhibition of enzyme activity; however, it was ineffective against H2O2 and NO mediated inhibition of GAPDH. Methylprednisolone, metronidazole, and the thiol-containing 6-mercaptopurine were ineffective against all oxidants. Studies at ratios of HOCl:5-ASA achievable in the mucosa showed direct scavenging to be the mechanism of protection of GAPDH activity. Mixing 5-ASA and HOCl before addition to the cells resulted in significantly greater protection of GAPDH activity than when HOCl was added to cells preincubated with 5-ASA. The addition of 5-ASA after HOCl exposure did not restore GAPDH activity.ConclusionsTherapies based on 5-ASA may play a direct role in scavenging the potent neutrophil oxidant HOCl, thereby protecting mucosal GAPDH from oxidative inhibition. These findings suggest that strategies for the further development of new HOCl scavenging compounds may be useful in the treatment of IBD.
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KOTI, Rahul S., Wenxuan YANG, Georgios GLANTZOUNIS, Alberto QUAGLIA, Brian R. DAVIDSON i Alexander M. SEIFALIAN. "Effect of ischaemic preconditioning on hepatic oxygenation, microcirculation and function in a rat model of moderate hepatic steatosis". Clinical Science 108, nr 1 (15.12.2004): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20040130.
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IPC (ischaemic preconditioning) may protect the steatotic liver, which is particularly susceptible to I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) injury. Hepatic steatosis was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats with a high-cholesterol (2%) diet for 12 weeks after which rats were subjected to I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion; 45 min of lobar ischaemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion). Rats were divided into three study groups (n=6 each) receiving: (i) sham laparotomy alone, (ii) I/R, and (iii) IPC (5 min of ischaemia, followed by 10 min of reperfusion) before I/R. Hepatic extra- and intra-cellular oxygenation and HM (hepatic microcirculation) were measured with near-infrared spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry respectively. Plasma liver enzymes and hepatic tissue ATP were measured as markers of liver injury. Histology showed moderate-grade steatosis in the livers. At the end of 2 h of reperfusion, I/R significantly decreased extra- and intra-cellular oxygenation concomitant with a failure of recovery of HM (21.1±14.4% of baseline; P<0.001 compared with sham animals). IPC increased intracellular oxygenation (redox state of the copper centre of cytochrome oxidase; P<0.05 compared with rats receiving I/R alone) and flow in HM (70.9±17.1% of baseline; P<0.001 compared with rats receiving I/R alone). Hepatocellular injury was significantly reduced with IPC compared with I/R injury alone (alanine aminotransferase, 474.8±122.3 compared with 5436.3±984.7 units/l respectively; P<0.01; aspartate aminotransferase, 630.8±76.9 compared with 3166.3±379.6 units/l respectively; P<0.01]. In conclusion, IPC has a hepatoprotective effect against I/R injury in livers with moderate steatosis. These data may have important clinical implications in liver surgery and transplantation.
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Basuki, Basuki, Bambang Hermiyanto, Subhan Arif Budiman i Fariz Kustiawan Alfarisy. "The evaluation of land use cover changes through the composite approach of Landsat 8 and the land use capability index for the Bedadung watershed". Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10, nr 4 (1.07.2023): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.104.4659.
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Land use changes become a problem that contributes to the decline in the watershed function and performance. Bedadung watershed divides Jember Regency, which has upstream from Mount Raung and a downstream Indonesian Ocean. During the last ten years in Jember, there has been a flood from the overflow of the Bedadung river, which is unable to accommodate water from upstream. It is alleged that the cause of flooding in upstream of the Bedadung watershed is land cover and land capability that has changed. The purpose of this study was to assess land use changes using a composite approach to Landsat 8 imagery and land capability index for the upstream of the Bedadung watershed. The results showed that land cover of the Kesambi sub-watershed during 1995-2020, forest decreased by 34.74%, settlements and open land decreased by 47.25%, dry land increased by 120%, while plantations and rainfed rice fields were fixed. The decrease in forest area can disrupt the water cycle, thereby increasing runoff volume and water discharge, causing flooding downstream of the Bedadung watershed and upstream of the Bedadung watershed. Land capability evaluation of the upstream of Kesambi sub-watershed, area of Bedadung watershed was mostly in class III, covering 5782.9 hectares (85.53%), class IV covering 214.8 hectares (3.18%), class VI covering 379.7 hectares (5.62%), and class VII covering 383.9 hectares (5.68%) with limiting factors of effective soil depth, land slope/slope, erosion sensitivity, and drainage. Areas with class III land capability covering land mapping units 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 can be utilized as agricultural with good conservation technology, while land mapping units 4.5, and 8 are only capable for forest areas.
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Dias, Nicholas W. Wege, Stefania Pancini, Guillermo Goncherenko, John Currin, Sherrie Clark, Jamie L. Stewart, Reinaldo Cooke i Vitor Rodrigues G. Mercadante. "311 Administering a Bovine Appeasing Substance to Beef Heifers During an Estrous Synchronization Protocol and its Impacts on Temperament and Pregnancy Rate". Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (21.09.2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.276.
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Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of administering a bovine appeasing substance (BAS) to Bos taurus (angus crossed) beef replacement heifers at the initiation of an estrous synchronization (TAI) protocol on their temperament and pregnancy rates. A total of 348 heifers at four locations were stratified by body weight (BW); reproductive tract score (RTS), and temperament score [TS; average of exit velocity (EV) and chute score (CS), determined at the day of initiation of TAI) and assigned to receive BAS (IRSEA Group, Quartier Salignan, France; n = 173) or placebo (water; CON; n = 175). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each heifer at the initiation of the TAI protocol. Within location, heifers were allocated to pens (6 pens per treatment; pen being the experimental unit) and received a free-choice total mixed ration during the duration of the experiment. Temperament (EV, CS) was assessed three times (days 0, 7 and 9) during the TAI protocol by the same trained technician. Pregnancy rate was determined by ultrasonography between days 45 and 55 post TAI. Heifer BW (379.5±5 kg), RTS (3.8±0.06), CS on days 0, 7 and 9 (2.33±0.06, 2.08±0.04, and 1.91±0.04, respectively), and EV on days 0, 7 and 9 (1.35±0.03, 1.28±0.03, and 1.39±0.03 m/s, respectively), and estrus expression prior to TAI (40.2±5.9%) were similar (P>0.10) between treatments. Pregnancy rate to TAI differed among locations (P< 0.05); however, it was not affected by treatment (39.7±8.2% and 41.0±3.7% for CON and BAS, respectively), with no treatment by location interaction. In conclusion, administration of BAS to beef heifers at the initiation of a TAI protocol did not alter temperament, measured as CS and EV, and failed to increase pregnancy rates.
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Tatsumi, Tomoaki, Toshiyuki Oshitari, Yoko Takatsuna, Ryoichi Ishibashi, Masaya Koshizaka, Yuki Shiko, Takayuki Baba, Koutaro Yokote i Shuichi Yamamoto. "Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors Reduce Macular Edema in Patients with Diabetes mellitus". Life 12, nr 5 (6.05.2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12050692.
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Purpose: To determine the efficacy of systemic sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: The medical records of patients with DME with a central retinal thickness (CRT) ≥320 µm in men and 305 µm in women, more than 6 months after the initiation of diabetes mellitus treatment, were reviewed. The CRT and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were evaluated before and after the initiation of systemic SGLT2i and non-SGLT2i treatments. Results: There were 24 eyes of 19 patients with DME that were treatment naïve or had not received treatments for the DME within four months before the initiation of SGLT2i. In these patients, the BCVA had a 0.31 ± 0.39 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) units at the baseline, and it did not improve significantly at 0.26 ± 0.29 logMAR units after the initiation of SGLT2i (p = 0.56). However, the SGLT2i treatment significantly reduced the CRT from 423.3 ± 79.8 µm to 379.6 ± 69.5 µm (p = 0.0001). In the same evaluation of 19 eyes of 14 patients with DME that were initiated with non-SGLT2i agents, there was no significant difference between the baseline BCVA and the BCVA after the initiation of non-SGLT2i (p = 0.47). The CRT increased significantly after the initiation of non-SGLT2i (p = 0.0011). In three eyes in which the SGLT2i treatments were administered at the time of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatments, the anti-VEGF treatment alone had only a limited effect on the DME, but the reduction in the DME was enhanced after the addition of SGLT2i. Conclusions: These findings indicate that systemic SGLT2i can reduce DMEs, and they suggest that SGLT2i may be an additional treatment option to anti-VEGF treatments for eyes with DMEs.
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Broil, Sascha, i Wolfgang Jeitschko. "The Ternary Rare Earth Chromium Nitrides Ce2CrN3 and Ln3Cr10−xN11 with Ln = La, Ce, Pr". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, nr 6 (1.06.1995): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-0612.
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The title compounds have been prepared by annealing cold-pressed pellets of the binary nitrides LnN and CrN. Well developed crystals were obtained by recrystallization of the binary or prereacted ternary nitrides in a Li3N flux. Their structures were determined from single-crystal diffractometer data. C e2CrN3 has a U2CrN3 type structure: Immm , a = 379.0(1), b = 340.4(1), c = 1251.7(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0.012 for 383 structure factors and 16 variables. The atomic positions of this structure are similar to those of U2IrC2 and K2NiF4. The structure may be rationalized to a first approximation with the formula (Ce+4)2[CrN3]8−. The chromium atoms are in a distorted square-planar nitrogen coordination. The CrN4-squares are linked via corner-sharing nitrogen atoms, thus forming infinite, straight - N - CrN2- N - CrN2- chains. The cubic structure of La3Cr10−xN11 (a = 1298.2(1) pm ), Ce3Cr10−xN11 (with a small homogenity range; a = 1284.3(1)-1286.1(3) pm ), and Pr3Cr10−xN11 (a = 1289.1(2) pm ) was determined for the lanthanum compound: Fm 3̄ m , Z = 8, R = 0.027 for 189 F values and 18 variables. One chromium site was found to have an occupancy of only 80.9(5)% resulting in the composition La3Cr9.24(1)N11. The nitrogen atoms occupy four atomic sites. Three of these have octahedral environments (6 La, 3 La + 3 Cr, 2 La + 4 Cr), the fourth one is surrounded by eight chromium atoms forming a cube. The chromium atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated by nitrogen atoms, and these CrN4-tetrahedra are linked via common corners and edges to form a three-dimensionally infinite polyanionic network. In addition the chromium atoms with oxidation numbers of about 2 to 3 form numerous Cr - Cr bonds, which allow to rationalize the Pauli paramagnetism of the compound.
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Wang, Jiasheng, Yongxian Hu, Yanlei Zhang, Guoqing Wei, Huijun Xu, Wenjun Wu, Shaohui Liu i in. "Quantification of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Disease Burden Using FDG PET-CT Helps Predict the Severity of Cytokine Release Syndrome". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29.11.2018): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117983.
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Abstract Background: CD19-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has shown great efficacy in patients with refractory/relapsed non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but was associated with serious adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It has been speculated that NHL baseline disease burden might affect clinical outcome and CRS, but such assumption has not been explored in detail in previous studies. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), calculated using FDG PET-CT, are quantitative indicators of baseline tumor burden. Methods: Utilizing FDG PET-CT, we calculated MTV and TLG at baseline and post CAR T-cell therapy in 15 patients with NHL. Results: Among all the patients, the median MTV was 72 (range 0.02-3024.9) cm3 and the median TLG was 610.1 (range 0.011-13156.3). After a median follow-up of 6 months, the overall response rate (ORR) was 66.7% (95% CI 38.4-88.2%). The baseline MTV and TLG did not have significant difference in patients with or without response (p=0.271 and 0.95, respectively). Cox-regression analysis did not find lower baseline MTV and TLG significantly associated with better overall survival (p=0.67 and 0.45, respectively). Patients with mild and moderate CRS (defined as Grade 0-2) had significantly lower MTV and TLG than those with severe CRS (Grade 3, 4) (median MTV: 49.3 v.s. 1137.7 cm3, p=0.012; median TLG: 379.1 v.s. 9384, p=0.012, Figure A, B). The median MTV in patients received tocilizumab, an IL-6 antagonist for the treatment of severe CRS, was 963.4 cm3, which was significantly higher than the patients not receiving tocilizumab (58.1 cm3, p=0.037). The median TLG in patients received tocilizumab was 9187.1, compared with 610.1 in patients not receiving tocilizumab (p=0.053). Using FDG PET-CT, we also demonstrated that CAR T-cell therapy in NHL patients could associate with severe local complications such as local compression and local inflammation. Conclusions: Low NHL baseline disease burden is not associated with better response rate or long-term outcome. Patients with higher baseline disease burden have more severe CRS Figure. Figure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Alkholief, Musaed, Mohd Abul Kalam, Mohammad Raish, Mushtaq Ahmad Ansari, Nasser B. Alsaleh, Aliyah Almomen, Raisuddin Ali i Aws Alshamsan. "Topical Sustained-Release Dexamethasone-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles: Assessment of Drug Delivery Efficiency in a Rabbit Model of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 9 (3.09.2023): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15092273.
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Uveitis is an ocular illness that if not treated properly can lead to a total loss of vision. In this study, we evaluated the utility of HA-coated Dexamethasone-sodium-phosphate (DEX)-chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) as a sustained ocular delivery vehicle for the treatment of endotoxin-induced-uveitis (EIU) in rabbits. The CSNPs were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity, surface morphology, and physicochemical properties. Drug encapsulation, in vitro drug release, and transcorneal permeation were also evaluated. Finally, eye irritation, ocular pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were in vivo. The CSNPs ranged from 310.4 nm and 379.3 nm pre-(uncoated) and post-lyophilization (with HA-coated), respectively. The zeta potentials were +32 mV (uncoated) and −5 mV (HA-uncoated), while polydispersity was 0.178–0.427. Drug encapsulation and loading in the CSNPs were 73.56% and 6.94% (uncoated) and 71.07% and 5.54% (HA-coated), respectively. The in vitro DEX release over 12 h was 77.1% from the HA-coated and 74.2% from the uncoated NPs. The physicochemical properties of the CSNPs were stable over a 3-month period when stored at 25 °C. Around a 10-fold increased transcorneal-flux and permeability of DEX was found with HA-CSNPs compared to the DEX-aqueous solution (DEX-AqS), and the eye-irritation experiment indicated its ocular safety. After the ocular application of the CSNPs, DEX was detected in the aqueous humor (AH) till 24 h. The area under the concentrations curve (AUC0–24h) for DEX from the CSNPs was 1.87-fold (uncoated) and 2.36-fold (HA-coated) higher than DEX-AqS. The half-life (t1/2) of DEX from the uncoated and HA-coated NPs was 2.49-and 3.36-fold higher, and the ocular MRT0-inf was 2.47- and 3.15-fold greater, than that of DEX-AqS, respectively. The EIU rabbit model showed increased levels of MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in AH. Topical DEX-loaded CSNPs reduced MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels as well as inhibited NF-κB expression. Our findings demonstrate that the DEX-CSNPs platform has improved the delivery properties and, hence, the promising anti-inflammatory effects on EIU in rabbits.
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Njike, Valentine Y., Victoria C. Costales, Paul Petraro, Rachel Annam, Niloufarsadat Yarandi i David L. Katz. "The Resulting Variation in Nutrient Intake With the Inclusion of Walnuts in the Diets of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial". American Journal of Health Promotion 33, nr 3 (1.08.2018): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118791120.
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Purpose: We previously demonstrated that including walnuts in the diets of adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) led to improved overall diet quality. This report examines the specific changes in their nutrient intake. Design: This was a randomized, controlled, modified Latin square parallel design trial with 2 treatment arms. Participants were randomized to walnut intake with, or without, dietary advice to regulate caloric intake. Within each treatment arm, they were further randomized to one of 2 sequence permutations (walnut-included/walnut-excluded or walnut-excluded/walnut-included diet), with a 3-month washout between treatment phases. Setting: Community hospital in Lower Naugatuck Valley in Connecticut. Participants: Cohort of 112 participants (31 men and 81 women) at risk for T2DM. Intervention: Participants included 56 g (366 kcal) of walnuts in their daily diets for 6 months. Measures: Nutrient intake was assessed using web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment. Analysis: Data were analyzed using generalized linear models. Results: Walnut inclusion led to increased intake of total fat, calcium, magnesium, thiamin, total saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (379.0 ± 90.3 g vs −136.5 ± 92.7 g, P < .01; 230.7 ± 114.2 mg vs −95.2 ± 117.4 mg, P = .05; 111.0 ± 33.9 mg vs −32.3 ± 34.9 mg, P < .01; 0.28 ± 0.2 mg vs −0.47 ± 0.2 mg, P = .02; 8.6 ± 3.4 g vs −1.1 ± 3.5 g, P =.05; 6.3 ± 3.9 g vs −6.3 ± 4.0 g, P = .03; and 25.4 ± 4.0 vs −6.6 ± 4.2 g, P < .01, respectively). Vitamin C intake decreased (−65.3 ± 55.3 mg vs 98.9 ± 56.8 mg, P = .04). Protein intake increased from baseline with the inclusion of walnuts (20.0 ± 8.8 g, P < .05). Walnut inclusion led to an increase in total calories consumed when caloric intake is not regulated. Conclusion: Including walnuts in the diets of these adults led to increased dietary intake of some nutrients associated with lower risk of developing T2DM and other cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Al-dujaily, Ali H., Ahmed J. Al-mialy i Asaad chasib Alatabi. "Clinical and hemato-biochemical studies in Awassi lambs infected with coccidiosis." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 8, nr 1 (30.06.2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2017/v8i14322.
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study was conducted on 95 lambs, divided into two groups depending on clinical signs, 55 lambs were clinically healthy and 40 lambs had bloody diarrhea and their feces had oocysts of Eimeria species. “Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein” into EDTA tubes for hematological value and plain tubes to separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation during January 2016 until April 2016 both groups aged 1 – 6 month in Najaf province.Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE of blood picture in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 33.5 ± 0.47 % and 23.9 ± 0.46 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.9 ± 0.17 g/dL and 6.8 ± 0.12 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) 10.6 ± 0.15 ×10⁶ /μL and 8.8 ± 0.24 ×10⁶ /μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.6 ± 0.37 fL and 27.5 ± 0.59 fL, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.3 ± 0.14 pg and 7.9 ± 0.15 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.7 ± 0.16 g/dL and 28.8 ± 0.34 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) 9 ± 0.54 mm/24h and 19.1 ± 2.10 mm/24h, white blood cell count (WBC) 9231 ± 379.3 /μL and 13707 ± 562.8 /μL, lymphocytes (L) 55.8 ± 1.27 /μL and 43 ± 1.46 /μL, neutrophils (N) 30.6 ± 0.76 /μL and 40.6 ± 2.25 /μL, monocytes 0.9 ± 0.10 /μL and 2.2 ± 0.30 /μL, eosinophil’s 1.9 ± 0.27 /μL and5.2 ± 0.64 /μL, basophils 0.3 ± 0.05 /μL and 0.3 ± 0.07 /μL respectively. Serum analysis in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; iron 27.2 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 11.4 ± 0.59 μmol/L, copper 18.4 ± 0.74 μmol/L and 10.3 ± 0.50 μmol/L respectively.There were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHC and lymphocyte. Also, there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in WBC, ESR, neutrophils, eosinophil’s and monocyte count was observed in all lamb infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, there were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and copper in all lamb infected with coccidiosis.
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Yousaf, Sara, Noreen Nasim, Hafiz Naveed Anjum i Safia Yasmin. "Efficacy of Balloon Tamponade in Postpartum Hemorrhage". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, nr 6 (12.07.2023): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023176451.
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Aim: An estimated loss of more than 500 mL of blood after vaginal delivery and more than 1000 mL of blood following caesarean delivery from the birth canal within 24 hours is considered primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Rightfully termed the "obstetrician's nightmare," primary postpartum haemorrhage remains a major contributor to maternal mortality and morbidity in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, where it accounts for 21-31% of maternal deaths. As a result, investigating PPH management strategies is vital. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of post-partum hemorrhage Study Design: Descriptive study Study Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheikh Zayed Medical from 21st May 2021 till 20th November 2021. Methods: Total 126 women aged 18-35 years, parity 1-6 and 31-41 weeks of gestation, who develop atonic post-partum hemorrhage not responding to uterotonics following normal vaginal delivery or caesarean section were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Women having postpartum hemorrhage were treated with balloon tamponade to stop bleeding. Efficacy was noted after 06 hours of procedure. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. Results: In this study total 126 patients were enrolled with mean age of 25.6±5.3 years. Mean gestational age was 38.2±3.2 weeks. Mean blood loss was 1032.1±379.6 ml. Mean parity was4.1±1.3. Most of patients had middle education i.e. 33.3%. Majority of patients belonged to middle socioeconomic status i.e. 47.6%. There were 41.3% patients who were booked and 2 had regular antenatal visits. Vaginal delivery was done in 55.6% patients. Balloon tamponade was effective in 81% patients. Practical Implication: Since balloon tamponade is a relatively new procedure, there is little information about its efficacy compared to the more traditional method of uterovaginal packing in Pakistan. Conclusion: Balloon tamponade is effective in stopping postpartum hemorrhage. The success rate (81%) of balloon tamponade in preventing PPH is high. It's convenient for use in situations with a higher risk of PPH. Keywords: Postpartum Hemorrhage, Balloon Tamponade, Delivery, Efficacy, Blood Loss, Management
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Al-dujaily, Ali H., Ahmed J. Al-mialy i Asaad chasib Alatabi. "Clinical and hemato-biochemical studies in Awassi lambs infected with coccidiosis." Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences 8, nr 1 (30.06.2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36326/kjvs/2017/v8i14322.
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study was conducted on 95 lambs, divided into two groups depending on clinical signs, 55 lambs were clinically healthy and 40 lambs had bloody diarrhea and their feces had oocysts of Eimeria species. “Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein” into EDTA tubes for hematological value and plain tubes to separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation during January 2016 until April 2016 both groups aged 1 – 6 month in Najaf province.Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE of blood picture in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 33.5 ± 0.47 % and 23.9 ± 0.46 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.9 ± 0.17 g/dL and 6.8 ± 0.12 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) 10.6 ± 0.15 ×10⁶ /μL and 8.8 ± 0.24 ×10⁶ /μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.6 ± 0.37 fL and 27.5 ± 0.59 fL, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.3 ± 0.14 pg and 7.9 ± 0.15 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.7 ± 0.16 g/dL and 28.8 ± 0.34 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) 9 ± 0.54 mm/24h and 19.1 ± 2.10 mm/24h, white blood cell count (WBC) 9231 ± 379.3 /μL and 13707 ± 562.8 /μL, lymphocytes (L) 55.8 ± 1.27 /μL and 43 ± 1.46 /μL, neutrophils (N) 30.6 ± 0.76 /μL and 40.6 ± 2.25 /μL, monocytes 0.9 ± 0.10 /μL and 2.2 ± 0.30 /μL, eosinophil’s 1.9 ± 0.27 /μL and5.2 ± 0.64 /μL, basophils 0.3 ± 0.05 /μL and 0.3 ± 0.07 /μL respectively. Serum analysis in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; iron 27.2 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 11.4 ± 0.59 μmol/L, copper 18.4 ± 0.74 μmol/L and 10.3 ± 0.50 μmol/L respectively.There were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHC and lymphocyte. Also, there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in WBC, ESR, neutrophils, eosinophil’s and monocyte count was observed in all lamb infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, there were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and copper in all lamb infected with coccidiosis.
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Наумкин, В. Н., М. И. Лукашевич, О. Ю. Артёмова, А. С. Блинник i С. Г. Киселёва. "The effectiveness of new genotypes of white lupine in the chernozem of the Belgorod region". Кормопроизводство, nr 9.2023 (18.12.2023): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25685/krm.2023.9.2023.003.
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Микрополевой опыт по оценке и сравнительному анализу новых сортов и сортообразцов люпина белого проведён в 2021–2022 годах в коллекционном питомнике ФГБОУ ВО «Белгородский ГАУ». Объектом изучения были два новых сорта и четыре сортообразца люпина белого селекции ВНИИ люпина. Цель исследований — провести оценку, сравнительный анализ и выявить новые наиболее урожайные сорта и сортообразцы люпина белого, характеризующиеся высокими показателями качества семян, экономической и биоэнергетической эффективности производства. В результате исследований установлено, что сортообразцы СН 5-20, СН 6-20, СН 19-20 и СН 34-19 по урожайности семян (соответственно 431,3, 400,5, 403,2 и 407,6 г/м2) превысили стандартный сорт Мичуринский на 74,5–81,6 г/м2, или на 22,9–25,0%. Сортообразец СН 6-20 отличался также и высоким содержанием белка (43,73%), а образец СН 34-19 — высоким содержанием жира (10,60%). Наибольшие показатели биоэнергетической эффективности обеспечили сортообразцы СН 5-20, СН 6-20, СН 34-19 и СН 19-20, у которых выход обменной энергии составил соответственно 60,6, 58,1, 54,5, 52,2 ГДж/м2, чистый энергетический доход — 38,7, 36,2, 32,6, 30,3 ГДж/м2, а биоэнергетический коэффициент — 2,77, 2,65, 2,49, 2,38, что значительно превышает показатели стандартного сорта. Наивысший условно чистый доход был получен у сортообразцов СН 5-20 (87 027 руб./га), СН 34-19 (78 848 руб./га), СН 19-20 (77 283 руб./га) и СН 6-20 (76 355 руб./га), что на 19 161–36 816 руб./га больше, чем у стандарта. Исследуемые сорта люпина белого Мичуринский и Алый парус при достаточно высокой урожайности семян (326,0 и 379,6 г/м2) и содержании белка (38,57 и 36,32%) отличались малой алкалоидностью (0,053 и 0,088%). По вышеуказанным признакам эти образцы предложены в качестве исходных форм для селекции люпина This article reports on the competitive field trial with new genotypes of white lupine conducted at the nursery of the Belgorod State Agrarian University in 2021–2022. Two varieties and four genotypes of white lupine were obtained from the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine. The aim of this research was to test and identify the most productive genotypes of white lupine with high seed quality, economic and energy efficiency. Such genotypes as SN 5-20, SN 6-20, SN 19-20 and SN 34-19 exceeded the standard variety (Michurinskiy) in seed productivity by 74.5–81.6 g/m2, or by 22.9–25.0% yielding 431.3, 400.5, 403.2 and 407.6 g/m2, respectively. SN 6-20 also showed high protein content (43.73%), while SN 34-19 — high fat concentration (10.60%). Such genotypes as SN 5-20, SN 6-20, SN 34-19 and SN 19-20 provided the yield of exchange energy of 60.6, 58.1, 54.5, 52.2 GJ/m2, net energy income — 38.7, 36.2, 32.6, 30.3 GJ/m2, energy coefficient — 2.77, 2.65, 2.49, 2.38, respectively, exceeding significantly the standard. SN 5-20 (87 027 RUB/ha), SN 34-19 (78 848 RUB/ha), SN 19-20 (77 283 RUB/ha) and SN 6-20 (76 355 RUB/ha), had the highest net income exceeding the standard by 19 161–36 816 RUB/ha. The Michurinskiy and Alyy parus varieties had reasonably high seed yield (326.0 and 379.6 g/m2) and protein content (38.57 and 36.32%) but low alkaloid concentration (0.053 and 0.088%). Based on the obtained results these genotypes can be used as parent material in lupine breeding
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Ghigo, E., GP Ceda, R. Valcavi, S. Goffi, M. Zini, M. Mucci, G. Valenti, EE Muller i F. Camanni. "Effect of 15-day treatment with growth-hormone-releasing hormone alone or combined with different doses of arginine on the reduced somatotrope responsiveness to the neurohormone in normal aging". European Journal of Endocrinology 132, nr 1 (styczeń 1995): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320032.
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Ghigo E, Ceda GP, Valcavi R, Goffi S, Zini M, Mucci M, Valenti G, Muller EE, Camanni F. Effect of 15-day treatment with growth hormone-releasing hormone alone or combined with different doses of arginine on the reduced somatotrope responsiveness to the neurohormone in normal aging. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:32–6. ISSN 0804–4643 It is well known that both spontaneous and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-stimulated GH secretion undergo an age-related decrease; in addition, there is supportive evidence that the GH hyposecretory state of aging is of hypothalamic origin. The aims of the study in 35 normal elderly subjects (20 males and 15 females aged 65–89 years) were to verify whether the low somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH (1 μg/kg) can be primed by a daily GHRH treatment and whether the potentiating effect of both high intravenous (0.5 g/kg) and low oral (8 g) doses of arginine (ARG) on GH response to GHRH is maintained with time. In group A (N = 14) the GH response to GHRH on day 1 (AUC: 373.5 ± 78.5 μg·1−1·h−1) was unchanged after 7 (3720 ± 38 μg·1−1·h−1) and 15 days (377.9 ± 63.8 μg·1−1·h−1) of daily GHRH administration. In group B (N = 6) the GH response to GHRH co-administered with iv ARG on day 1 (1614.2 ± 146.2 μg · 1−1 · h−1) was higher (p < 0.05) than that of GHRH alone (group A) and persisted unchanged after 7 (1514.7±366.5 μg·1−1·h−1) and 15 days (1631.7 ± 379.1 μg · 1−1 · h−1) of treatment. In group C (N = 15) the GH response to GHRH co-administered with oral ARG on day 1 (950.6 ± 219.4 μg·1−1 · h−1) was higher (p < 0.03) than that of GHRH alone (group A) but lower (p < 0.05) than that to GHRH plus iv ARG (group B). It was unchanged after 7 (816.2 ± 208.5 μg·1−1 · h−1) and 15 days (760.4 ± 165.0 μg · 1−1· h−1) of treatment; these responses were still higher (p < 0.05) than that to GHRH alone. Insulin-like growth factor I levels were not modified by any of the treatments. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that in normal aging the low somatotrope responsiveness to GHRH is not improved by prolonged treatment with the neurohormone but it is enhanced by the combined treatment with ARG and this effect does not vanish after a 15-day treatment period. The effect of ARG is present even after a low oral dose, although less markedly than after a high intravenous dose. F Camanni, Divisione di Endocrinologia, Ospedale Molinette, C. so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Radha, Niaz F. "Study of thermal aggregation of growth traits in the branching and elongation phases of a group of genotypes in Coarse wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)". Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 14, nr 2 (25.06.2023): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14203.
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This study was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station (Sayada area) belonging to the College of Agriculture at the University of Kirkuk, using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, each block included twenty experimental units, the number of genotypes of durum wheat is ( DW38, Bejah-6/SLA, Halio, Mikki, Guayacan, Amedakul s, Fadda98, Icarasha 2, Sham 5, Lahnaucan, Sardar, Bagdad, DW10, Axad5, Simito, Crezo, Corvilla , Iraq Oasis, Surat Kul,Um Rabie), Where the results showed that there are significant differences between the genotypes at the probability level of 1% for the number of branches and the stage of elongation, and the existence of significant differences between the genotypes at the level of probability 1% for the studied traits, where the genetic structure of Sardar exceeded the trait (the number of total fragments, the number of effective fragments, the number of days for the number of branches, 50% spikes parcel) with the highest average, as their average reached (583.20 branches, 526.37 branches, 103.00 days, 16.73 branches, 116.66 days) And the highest average number of branches in the stage (Z21, Z23, Z24, Z25, Z26, Z27, Z28 and Z29) where their average was (1.20, 7.10, 8.46, 9.90, 12.43, 14.36, 15.60, 16.73) and the superiority of the two genetic structures Mikki and Crezo for the characteristic of the area of the flag leaf with the highest average, as their average reached (42.35, 42.18) respectively, while the composition um Rabie with the highest average average plant height, with an average of 83.82, and the genetic makeup of Corvella with the highest average chlorophyll content of the flag paper, with a peak of 47.28 The genetic structure Lahnaucan gives the highest average number of branches in the stage (Z22, Z23, Z24 and (Z25), where their average was (4.20, 7.40, 8.46, 9.60) and the genetic structure Fadda98 gave the highest average number of branches in the stage of Z24) and (Z25, where the average of they are (7.83, 9.70) and the genotype Bejah-6/SLA gives the highest average number of branches in the stage (Z29), where it averaged (16.00) and the superiority of the genetic structure Surat Kul in the elongation stage (for the first decade, the second decade, the third decade, the fourth decade and the fifth decade) The highest average in the number of days, which reached (80.00, 86.66, 92.66, 99.33 and 99.33) and the genetic structure Fadda98 in (the fourth and fifth decade), the highest average in the number of days, reaching (99.33), plants needed to enter the branching stage to the accumulated temperature of 379.0 m0, while plants of all genotypes entered the stage of the maximum number of branches requiring thermal collection of 707.0 m0, and thermal collection required to complete the elongation stage 635.5 m0.
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Wang, Erdan, Jidong Wang, Jiaying Lv, Xiaoge Sun, Fanlin Kong, Shuo Wang, Yajing Wang i in. "Comparison of Ruminal Degradability, Indigestible Neutral Detergent Fiber, and Total-Tract Digestibility of Three Main Crop Straws with Alfalfa Hay and Corn Silage". Animals 11, nr 11 (11.11.2021): 3218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113218.
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Three main crop straws including corn straw (Zea mays, CS), rice straw (Oryza sativa, RS), and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), and two forages including alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa, AH) and corn silage (Zea mays, CSil) were analyzed in order to compare their ruminal degradability, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), intestinal digestibility (ID), and their total-tract digestibility (TTD) of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) using both an in situ nylon bag technique and a mobile nylon bag technique. The forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 6, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 288 h, respectively, to determine their ruminal degradability. Prior to intestinal incubation, forage samples were incubated in the rumen for 12 h and 24 h to determine the ruminal degradable content of CP, NDF, and ADF, respectively, and for 288 h to determine their iNDF288 content. Residues from the ruminal undegradable fractions (12 h for CP, 24 h for NDF and ADF) were subsequently inserted into the duodenum through a cannula to determine their intestinal digestible content. Here, the TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF were determined as the ruminal degradable content + intestinal digestible content. The results showed that AH had the highest iNDF2.4 (calculated as acid detergent lignin content × 2.4) and iNDF288 values (379.42 and 473.40 g/kg of NDF), while CS and CSil had the lowest iNDF2.4 values (177.44 and 179.43 g/kg of NDF). The ruminal degradability of CP, NDF, and ADF for CS, RS, and WS were lower than those of AH and Csil during the first 48 h of incubation. The potential degradation fraction of CP, NDF, and ADF for CSil was the highest; CS, RS, and WS were intermediate; and AH was the lowest (p < 0.05). CS, RS, and WS had a lower intestinal digestibility with respect to their rumen undegradable content of NDF (p < 0.05), and lower TTD of CP, NDF, and ADF (p < 0.05) compared to AH and CSil. General regression equations with satisfactory accuracy (R2 ≥ 0.828) were derived to predict iNDF288 and TTD based on their chemical compositions and the ruminal degradation kinetics of different forages. Incorporating this information into rations could improve our ability to optimize main crop straws utilization and milk production.
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Ward, Jessica A., Jason Yerke, Mollie Lumpkin, Aanchal Kapoor, Christina C. Lindenmeyer i Stephanie Bass. "Evaluation of a protocol for rifaximin discontinuation in critically ill patients with liver disease receiving broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy". World Journal of Hepatology 15, nr 11 (27.11.2023): 1226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i11.1226.
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BACKGROUND Rifaximin is frequently administered to critically ill patients with liver disease and hepatic encephalopathy, but patients currently or recently treated with antibiotics were frequently excluded from studies of rifaximin efficacy. Due to overlapping spectrums of activity, combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and rifaximin may be unnecessary. A pharmacist-driven protocol was piloted to reduce potentially overlapping therapy in critically ill patients with liver disease. It was hypothesized that withholding rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy would be safe and reduce healthcare costs. AIM To determine the clinical, safety, and financial impact of discontinuing rifaximin during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy in critically ill liver patients. METHODS This was a single-center, quasi-experimental, pre-post study based on a pilot pharmacist-driven protocol. Patients in the protocol group were prospectively identified via the medical intensive care unit (ICU) (MICU) protocol to have rifaximin withheld during broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. These were compared to a historical cohort who received combination therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics and rifaximin. All data were collected retrospectively. The primary outcome was days alive and free of delirium and coma (DAFD) to 14 d. Safety outcomes included MICU length of stay, 48-h change in vasopressor dose, and ICU mortality. Secondary outcomes characterized rifaximin cost savings and protocol adherence. Multivariable analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between group assignment and the primary outcome while controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Each group included 32 patients. The median number of delirium- and coma-free days was similar in the control and protocol groups [3 interquartile range (IQR 0, 8) vs 2 (IQR 0, 9.5), P = 0.93]. In multivariable analysis, group assignment was not associated with a reduced ratio of days alive and free of delirium or coma at 14 d. The protocol resulted in a reduced median duration of rifaximin use during broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy [6 d control (IQR 3, 9.5) vs 1 d protocol (IQR 0, 1); P < 0.001]. Rates of other secondary clinical and safety outcomes were similar including ICU mortality and 48-h change in vasopressor requirements. Overall adherence to the protocol was 91.4%. The median estimated total cost of rifaximin therapy per patient was reduced from $758.40 (IQR $379.20, $1200.80) to $126.40 (IQR $0, $126.40), P < 0.01. CONCLUSION The novel pharmacist-driven protocol for rifaximin discontinuation was associated with significant cost savings and no differences in safety outcomes including DAFD.
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Suharnoto, Yuli, Budi Indra Setiawan, Andik Pribadi, Lili Muslihat i Damayanti Buchori. "Assessments of Underground Carbon Stocks in Merang-Kepahyang Peatlands, South Sumatra, Indonesia". Sustainability 14, nr 9 (2.05.2022): 5473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095473.
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Indonesia has 673 peat hydrological units (PHUs) covering more than 26.5 million hectares, of which approximately 70% are located on the Kalimantan and Sumatra Islands. Merang-Kepahyang PHUs in South Sumatra cover a total area of approximately 1.094 km2, comprising three watersheds, namely Merang (360.3 km2), Buring (458.5 km2), and Kepahyang (275.3 km2). This area is globally known as a carbon (C)-rich ecosystem. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the C cycle in this area, primarily associated with land use and cover changes. This study spatially estimates belowground carbon stocks and relates them to land elevation, land use, and soil unit. To reduce inaccurate estimates, the volume of the peat is discretized by a 200 m × 200 m grid as a grid based analysis. This assessment aimed to obtain the baseline data with particular attention to provide information on the peat carbon and its spatial distribution in each watershed. We conducted field surveys and image analysis based on SPOT 6 (1.5 m/pixel with raster format 200 m/pixel) to produce interpolated data and maps of land use, soil unit, land elevation, peat thickness, and peat carbon. We found that the land elevation ranged from 1.5 to 13.0 m-MSL in Merang, from 1.1 to 13.5 m-MSL in Buring, and from 0.2 to 11.6 m-MSL in Kepahyang. Peat thickness in ranged from 1.3 m to 12.9 m in Merang, from 0.8 m to 13.2 m in Buring, and from 0.4 m to 11.4 m in Kepahyang. Peat carbon was 220 Mt in Merang, 225.8 Mt in Buring, and 116.8 Mt in Kepahyang. On average, peat carbon density was 6.11 kt ha−1 in Merang, 4.92 kt ha−1 in Buring, and 4.24 kt ha−1 in Kepahyang. The cumulative area covering the peat with a thickness greater than 3 m was 334.9 km2 (93%) in in Merang, 379.4 km2 (83%) in Buring, and 193.9 km2 (70%) in Kepahyang. There is a relationship between carbon content and elevation, where most of the high carbon content is in the higher elevation. Furthermore, the trees in the secondary forest are primarily found at higher elevations, while the shrubs are located at lower elevations. This is due to water table conditions below the land surface at higher elevations, and close to land surface at lower elevations. In conclusion, these watersheds are carbon-rich areas which are worthy of conservation while a small portion (<30%) may be used for cultivation.
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Shakhnazaryan, Nonna, Nathan Curry, Medini Rastogi, Daniel Avins, Shrina Pandey, Ivan de Kouchkovsky, Daniel Kwon i in. "A phase 1b dose escalation study of FOR46, a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting a tumor-specific epitope of CD46, in combination with enzalutamide (Enza) in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, nr 16_suppl (1.06.2024): 5066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.5066.
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5066 Background: FOR46 is an MMAE-containing antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting a tumor-specific conformational epitope on the extracellular domain of CD46 on prostate cancer and other cancer tissues in a lineage independent fashion. A prior phase 1, first-in-human trial of FOR46 demonstrated encouraging preliminary activity in mCRPC. In pre-clinical models, androgen receptor blockade with enzalutamide enhances CD46 epitope expression and achieves additive activity in combination with the CD46 ADC. We sought to evaluate the combination of FOR46 plus enza in mCRPC patients (pts). Methods: Pts with mCRPC with progression on ≥ 1 androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) were enrolled. No prior chemotherapy for mCRPC was allowed. A 3+3 dose escalation design was utilized with a starting dose of FOR46 of 1.8 mg/kg adjusted body weight (ABW) in combination with enza 160 mg/day. Dose escalation was explored with and without prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support. The primary endpoint was determination of the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) of FOR46 in combination with enza. A baseline CD46-directed PET imaging probe utilizing the same antibody backbone as FOR46 (89Zr-DFO-YS5) was obtained in a subset of pts. Results: Seventeen pts were enrolled. Median age was 71 years (range 58 – 91) and median PSA was 43.8 ng/mL (range 2.1 – 379.6) at study entry. Twelve pts (70.6%) had ≥ 2 lines of prior ARPI. The median duration of treatment was 5.0 months (range 1– 18). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included grade 4 neutropenia at a dose of 2.1 mg/kg without G-CSF (n = 2), grade 4 hyponatremia at 2.4 mg/kg (n = 1), and grade 3 elevated transaminases at 2.4 mg/kg (n = 1). The MTD of FOR46 was established at 2.1 mg/kg ABW, with primary G-CSF prophylaxis, in combination with enza 160 mg/day. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) were observed in 29.4% of pts. The most common trAEs of any grade were fatigue (n = 11, 64.7%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (n = 8, 47.1%), elevated transaminases (n = 3, 17.6%), alopecia (n = 4, 23.5%), decreased appetite (n = 7, 41.2%), neutropenia (n = 3, 17.6%), and weight loss (n = 3, 17.6%). Grade 2 neuropathy was observed in 2 patients (11.8%). Preliminary anti-tumor activity was observed with PSA declines in 13/16 (81.3%) of evaluable pts, and a disease control rate (stable disease ≥ 6 months) of 41.2%. 89Zr-DFO-YS5 demonstrated tumor uptake on whole body PET with pharmacokinetics typical for an IgG radiopharmaceutical. Conclusions: In combination with enza, the established MTD of FOR46 with primary G-CSF prophylaxis was safe and demonstrated preliminary evidence of efficacy. 89Zr-DFO-YS5 PET demonstrates tumor-specific uptake and will be employed in the ongoing Phase 2 portion of the study as a potential predictive biomarker of response. Clinical trial information: NCT05011188 .
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Rolon, Juliana Martinez, Helen Baldomero, Gregorio Jaimovich, Maria Rivas, Luis Fernando Bouzas, Carmem Maria Sales Bonfim, Julia Palma i in. "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Activity in Latin America: Predominant Increase in Autologous and Modest Increase in Allogeneic HCT with High Use of Unrelated Cord Blood Grafts". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 4492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4492.4492.
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Abstract More than a million HCT have been performed worldwide to date, but transplant rates and indications vary widely across regions. The Latin American Bone Marrow Transplantation Group (LABMT) was created under the auspices of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) in 2011 to assist in diffusing the practice, to integrate centers from multiple countries and to improve access to transplantation in the region. To evaluate the actual HCT activity, trends and contemporary practices in Latin America (LA), the LABMT surveyed centers for the annual activity from 2009 to 2012. Methods: The WBMT Global Activity Survey was used as a template and sent to all Hematology and HCT Societies in the region. This survey includes information of annual HCT numbers by center, indications, stem cell source and donor type. Results: A total of 11,116 HCT were performed between 2009 and 2012 with an increase in annual numbers from 2,517 in 2009 to 3,072 in 2012 (22%). The majority of the HCT were autologous (62%) with a 32% increase in activity over the period analyzed. In contrast, the increase in allogeneic HCT (6%) was relatively small. The majority of allogeneic HCT used related donors (n=3210), mostly HLA-identical peripheral blood (n=1812), bone marrow (n=1128) and non-identical related peripheral blood (n=156). Unrelated donor HCT (n=982) were performed mostly using cord blood (n=427), followed by bone marrow (n=332) and peripheral blood (n=223). In 2012, 91 teams from 12 countries reported 3,072 patients. Transplant rates (TR; HCT/10 million population) were 21 for allogeneic (ranging from 6 in Venezuela to 85 in Uruguay) and 60 for autologous HCT (ranging from 8 in Mexico to 215 in Uruguay). Unrelated donor TR was 5, ranging from 0 (Costa Rica, Panama, Peru, Paraguay and Venezuela) to 18 (Chile). Transplant center team density (team/10 million inhabitants) was 1.8 in 2012, with the highest in Uruguay (15), followed by Panama (8), Costa Rica (4), and Argentina (4). In comparison to other regions, transplant center density in LA was identical to the Asian Pacific region and lower than in Europe (7) or US/Canada (6). TR in LA compared to Asia/Pacific were higher for autologous (39 vs. 14) and lower for allogeneic (21 vs. 24, respectively, Table 1). Most transplant indications for autologous HCT (65% of all HCT) were plasma cell disorders (48%) and lymphomas (41%). Most allogeneic transplants (35% of all HCT) were performed for acute leukemias (58%, equally myeloid and lymphoid leukemias) and 18% for non-malignant disorders. Conclusion: While transplant indications are comparable to HCT performed in Europe and North America, transplant rates, transplant center and transplant team densities in LA are markedly lower. More autologous than allogeneic HCT are performed and autologous HCT increased considerably between 2009 and 2012. Unrelated donor TR is lower than in other regions. Initiatives are currently being taken to increase transplant activity, especially using alternative donor transplants within the region. Table 1. Transplant Rates and Team Density Worldwide Transplant rates (HCT/10 million population) Team density Region POP TOTAL AUTO ALLO FAMILY SIBLING UNRELATED LA 511.7 60.0 39.2 20.9 16.0 14.3 4.9 1.8 SEAR/WPR 3078.0 38.6 14.2 24.4 12.5 8.2 11.9 1.8 EUROPE 846.4 379.3 222.5 156.8 68.2 57.0 88.6 7.6 USA/Canada 348.0 482.5 264.9 217.5 91.2 75.8 126.3 6.2 EMR/AFR 690.9 29.8 12.7 17.2 15.7 15.0 1.4 0.4 HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; POP, population; AUTO, autologous; ALLO, allogeneic; SEAR/WPR, South East Asia/Western Pacific Region; LA, Latin America; EMR/AFR; Eastern Mediterranean/African Region Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ackermann, S., P. Villiger, A. Gloor, K. K. Eriksson i M. Seidel. "POS0341 sVCAM-1 EXPRESSION IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS TREATED WITH TOCILIZUMAB: A PROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19.05.2021): 398.2–399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3344.
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Background:Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare disease, its diagnosis is often delayed by years. Biomarkers might be helpful for earlier diagnosis and for monitoring treatment. We have described serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) as a marker of inflammation in a variety of rheumatic diseases, including vasculitis (1). Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 receptor with established benefits in TA (2). It may spare oral glucocorticoids (GC) and Disease-Modifying Agents (DMARDs). So far, sVCAM-1 has never been examined as diagnostic marker or to monitor disease activity in TA patients treated with TCZ.Objectives:To analyze sVCAM-1 in TA patients treated with TCZ in a prospective clinical trial and compare these results to age-matched healthy controls (HC) as well as DMARDs. In addition, MRI analyses of aortic wall thickening and enhancement might serve as a morphologic correlate of serologic disease activity.Methods:29 TA patients were prospectively followed between 2016 and 2019 (27 females, mean ± SD: 39.2±13.9 years) at the Department of Rheumatology of the University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland. At baseline, patients were without treatment (n=8) or treated with TCZ (n=13), GC (n=4), GC + methotrexate (MTX) (n=1), infliximab (IFX) + MTX (n=1), GC + IFX (n=1), MTX (n=1). Three follow-ups were performed after an average of 12, 24, 34 ± 3 months. sVCAM-1 was measured in serum using a commercially available ELISA kit (R&D Systems, Germany). Results were compared to 29 sera of matched HC (27 females, 40.8±15.1 years). MRI of aortic changes were scored on a scale of 0 (no thickening and vessel wall enhancement) to 3 (maximal thickening and vessel wall enhancement). Cumulated sVCAM-1 concentrations from each MRI scoring group (0-3) were compared to HC in order to determine if sVCAM-1 from high aortic MRI inflammation was significantly elevated.Results:At baseline, significantly increased serum concentrations of sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) were observed in TA patients without treatment (n=8, 537.3±130.1, p=0.002) vs. HC (336.0±76.1). A smaller difference was found between patients under treatment and HC (n=21, 468.2±105.3 vs. 405.1±82.5, p=0.04). Follow-ups in the TCZ group showed 518.9±138.9 vs. 417.5±46, p=0.12 (n=6) after 12 months, 436.6±77.3 vs. 399.6±113.1, p=0.46 (n=8) after 24 months and 407.1±27.1 vs. 381.8±60.4, p=0.47 (n=4) after 36 months. In contrast, patients under DMARD therapy showed values of 505.8±126.4 vs. 395.6±60.2 p=0.04 (n=8) after 12 months, 437.8±76.2 vs. 396.4±91.9, p=0.24 (n=12) after 24 months and 440±43.3 vs. 323±50 p=0.03 (n=8) after 36 months. MRI analyses showed that group 0 (no inflammation, n=7) had significant increased values compared to HC (474.7±106.8 vs. 356.9±48.8, p=0.02), and group 3 (maximal inflammation, n=11) was also elevated (461.8±98.4 vs. 379.3±88.9, p=0.05).Conclusion:The results suggest that sVCAM-1 is a biomarker of disease activity in patients with TA. The results at follow-up show that sVCAM-1 decreased more rapidly under treatment with TCZ compared to treatment with DMARDs. Remarkably, sVCAM-1 concentrations did not correlate with disease activity as assessed with MRI.References:[1]Oleszowsky M, Seidel MF. Serum Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Overexpression Is a Disease Marker in Patients with First-Time Diagnosed Antinuclear Antibodies: A Prospective, Observational Pilot Study. BioMed Res Int. 2018;8286067.[2]Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, Buttgereit F, Boysson H de, Brouwer E, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan 1;79(1):19–30.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Napolitano, Melissa A., Ashley Hogan Tjaden, Caitlin P. Bailey, Loretta DiPietro i Rajiv Rimal. "What moves young people? Applying the risk perception attitude framework to physical activity behavior and cardiometabolic risk". Translational Behavioral Medicine, 16.04.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibac012.
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Abstract Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, including metabolic syndrome and physical inactivity, are prevalent among young adults. However, few young adults are aware of their risk status. The risk perception attitude (RPA) framework was used to categorize participants (n = 456) enrolled in a three-arm randomized controlled weight management trial by their baseline values of cardiometabolic risk perceptions and physical activity self-efficacy. Trial recruitment occurred at two universities from 2015 to 2018 and participants were randomly assigned to one of three weight management interventions: Tailored, Targeted, Control. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine associations between RPA category (i.e., Responsive, Indifferent, Avoidant, Proactive) and physical activity behavior. At baseline, the Responsive group had the highest amount of physical activity (mean [95% CI]: 379.2 [332.6 to 425.8] min/week), the Indifferent group had the lowest (296.7 [261.98 to 331.32] min/week), and the Avoidant/Proactive groups showed intermediate values. Over 6 months, there was a significant interaction between RPA group and intervention arm on change in physical activity adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, baseline body mass index, and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p = .017). Among Tailored intervention participants only, the Proactive participants were the only group to have an increase in physical activity (19.97 min/week) and the Indifferent participants had the most significant decrease in physical activity (127.62 min/week). Results suggest the importance of early screening for young adults to help raise awareness of cardiometabolic risk and ultimately support them in health promotion efforts.
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Chong, Matthew, Nicolas Berbenetz, Kamal Kumar i Cheng Lin. "The serratus plane block for postoperative analgesia in breast and thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 23.10.2019, rapm—2019–100982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-100982.
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Background and objectivesThe serratus plane block (SPB) is a novel chest wall interfascial plane block. Its analgesic efficacy compared with non-block care and paravertebral block (PVB) is unestablished.MethodsWe conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) recruiting adult surgical patients that compared a SPB to non-block care or PVB for postoperative analgesia. Visual analog scale pain scores were the primary outcome. Database sources were Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar searched up to July 29, 2019 without language restriction. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane methodology.ResultsNineteen RCTs that comprised 1260 patients were included. Six trials involved thoracic surgery patients and 13 studied breast surgery patients. SPB reduced pain scores 0 hour postoperatively (−1.62 cm; 99% CI −2.43 to −0.81; p<0.001; I2=92%), at 2–4 hours (−1.29 cm; 99% CI −2.08 to −0.49; p<0.001; I2=92%), at 6 hours (−1.69 cm; 99% CI −3.19 to −0.20; p=0.004; I2=99%), and up to 24 hours compared with non-block care. SPB also prolonged the time to first analgesic request (193.2 min; 95% CI 7.2 to 379.2 min; p=0.04; I2=99%), reduced 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption (−11.27 mg of IV morphine equivalent; −17.36 to −5.18 mg; p<0.001), and reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.51; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.68; p<0.001; I2=12%). In contrast, no meaningful differences were detected in any of the outcomes for the SPB versus PVB data.ConclusionsSPB reduced postoperative pain scores (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation rating: low; due to heterogeneity and deficiencies in blinding) in breast and thoracic surgery patients compared with non-block care. Based on five trials only, SPB was not appreciably different from PVB.
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Zhang, Zhichao, Jinhui Yuan, Shi Qiu, Guiyao Zhou, Xian Zhou, Binbin Yan, Qiang Wu, Kuiru Wang i Xinzhu Sang. "Numerical Simulation of Truncated Cladding Negative Curvature Fiber Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance Effect". Chinese Physics B, 14.06.2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac785e.
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Abstract In this paper, the refractive index (RI) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance effect is proposed using the truncated cladding negative curvature fiber (TC-NCF). The influences of the TC-NCF structure parameters on the sensing performances are investigated and compared with the traditional NCF. The simulation results show that the proposed TC-NCF RI sensor has an ultra-wide detection range from 1.16 to 1.43. The maximum wavelength sensitivity is up to 12400 nm/RIU, and the corresponding R2 of the polynomial fitting equation is 0.9999. The maximum and minimum resolutions are 2.56×10-5 and 8.06×10-6, respectively. In addition, the maximum amplitude sensitivity can be up to -379.1 RIU-1 when the RI is chosen as 1.43. The proposed TC-NCF RI sensor could be useful in biochemical medicine, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
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Yang, Shun, Ying Wei, Hongfeng Yin, Yun Tang, Xiaohu Ren, Hudie Yuan, Dawei Li i Xinting Zhang. "Synergistic effect of the glass bead and continuous glass fibers on the low‐velocity impact resistance of nylon 6 matrix composites". Polymer Composites, 2.02.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.28157.
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AbstractGlass fiber‐reinforced resin matrix composites have good mechanical and impact resistance properties, while with particle co‐reinforcement, a synergistic effect can further improve their performance. In this paper, continuous glass fiber‐reinforced nylon 6 (GF/PA6) and continuous glass fiber (GF) with glass beads (GBs) co‐reinforced nylon 6 (GB–GF/PA6) were prepared to investigate the co‐reinforcement mechanism and the synergistic effect of particle and fiber. A quantitative parameter of the residual impact force divided by the critical force Pr/Pcr, as the damage degree of the low‐velocity impact, is defined to evaluate the impact resistance of the composite. The results indicate that the damage of GB–GF/PA6 was lower than that of GF/PA6, and the synergistic effect reaches the most obvious at the GB addition of 10 wt%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x‐ray computed tomography (XCT) images disclose that GB impedes the type II crack spread in the matrix and fiber/matrix interface. With the type II cracks reducing, the materials' resistance to delamination can be significantly enhanced. For the composite structure, in which 10 wt% GB and 60 wt% GF are introduced, the flexural strength, shear strength, and pendulum impact strength were tested with the maximum values of 379.4 MPa, 53.1 MPa, and 219.0 J/m2, respectively. This composite structure design, presenting a continuous GF and GBs co‐reinforce effect, offers a manufacturing process that is easily scalable to achieve excellent characteristics.
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Renu, Ankita, i Sandhya Rani. "Analysis of Demographic and Work Profile of Rural Bamboo Handicraft Workers". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 7.10.2022, 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2022/v40i111695.
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Aims: The present study aims to analyze the demographic and work profile of the workers involved in bamboo handicraft work in rural region and it is noteworthy to mention that bamboo cover in India is 13.96 million hectare.
Study Design: The study comprises a descriptive research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in three villages of Pusa Block of Samastipur District of Bihar from February to May 2022.
Methodology: For this study a survey was conducted on 120 randomly selected bamboo handicraft workers in Harpur, Waini and Gangapur villages.
Results: The findings of study revealed that majority of bamboo handicraft workers were of 34 to 41 years of age with more than 15 years of work experience. Most of them were illiterate and more than three forth of them belonged to SC community. They were engaged in semi-skilled work and were earning only Rs. Rs.9843.33±379.82 per month from this work. Most of them are self employed and work for long hours about 6-10 hours a day with frequency of 2-3 times a day.
Conclusion: Majority of bamboo handicraft workers were belonged to middle age and were illiterate with more than 15 years of experience of bamboo craft. They have a large family to feed with having only one source of income and were struggling for better living condition. They were working for long hours without having any proper facilities which reduces their efficiency of work.
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Barth, Maria Gabriela, Rosana Radominski i Adriane Demartini. "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on overweight children and adolescents: influence of lockdown and school closure on childhood obesity". Residência Pediátrica 13, nr 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.25060/residpediatr-2023.v13n2-1066.
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The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown caused schools closures, increased sedentary time and greater consumption of ultra-processed foods, an environment that might have aggravated the childhood obesity epidemic. AIMS: To verify the impact of school closure on the body mass index (BMI), on lifestyle habits as well as the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study of overweight/obesity patients followed at an Endocrinology referral service. A review of the last pre-pandemic visit and the first visit during the pandemic were carried out, and a questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: 50 patients (31 girls) aged 11.5±2.4 years, interval between visits of 379.5±79.5 days. Twenty-nine (58%) reported an increase in the daily number of snacks, 76% reported greater consumption of ultra-processed foods, while 54% reported eating the same amount of food. Greater sedentary time was also reported. Forty-five patients gained weight and there was an increase of 19.6% compared to pre-pandemic weight, a gain of 9.0 kg (-3.6 to 25.5). The median BMI and its z-score variations between visits were +1.9kg/m2 (-2.9 to +7.7) and +0.11 (-0.93 to +1.47), respectively. The change in adjusted BMI to the median for sex and age was +1.65kg/m2 (-3.60 to +6.90). There was an increase in the prevalence of obesity of 6% in the group. CONCLUSION: Defining the longitudinal change in BMI in the pediatric age group is a challenge. This study showed unhealthy weight gain, increased BMI, increased sedentary time and some difficulties faced by children during quarantine.
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Arnold, Dannae, Jaime Gillespie, Monica Bennett, Librada Callender, Seema Sikka, Rita Hamilton, Simon Driver i Chad Swank. "Clinical Delivery of Overground Exoskeleton Gait Training in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury Across the Continuum of Care: A Retrospective Analysis". Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation, 31.10.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46292/sci23-00001.
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Background After spinal cord injury (SCI), inpatient rehabilitation begins and continues through outpatient therapy. Overground exoskeleton gait training (OEGT) has been shown to be feasible in both settings, yet its use as an intervention across the continuum has not yet been reported. Objectives This study describes OEGT for patients with SCI across the continuum and its effects on clinical outcomes. Methods Medical records of patients with SCI who completed at least one OEGT session during inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation from 2018 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury-II (WISCI-II) scores, and OEGT session details (frequency, “walk” time, “up” time, and step count) were extracted. Results Eighteen patients [male (83%), White (61%), aged 37.4 ± 15 years, with tetraplegia (50%), American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A (28%), B (22%), C (39%), D (11%)] completed OEGT sessions (motor complete, 18.2 ± 10.3; motor incomplete, 16.7 ± 7.7) over approximately 18 weeks (motor complete, 15.1 ± 6.4; motor incomplete, 19.0 ± 8.2). Patients demonstrated improved OEGT session tolerance on device metrics including “walk” time (motor complete, 7:51 ± 4:42 to 24:50 ± 9:35 minutes; motor incomplete, 12:16 ± 6:01 to 20:01 ± 08:05 minutes), “up” time (motor complete, 16:03 ± 7:41 to 29:49 ± 12:44 minutes; motor incomplete, 16:38 ± 4:51 to 23:06 ± 08:50 minutes), and step count (motor complete, 340 ± 295.9 to 840.2 ± 379.4; motor incomplete, 372.3 ± 225.2 to 713.2 ± 272). Across therapy settings, patients with motor complete SCI experienced improvement in WISCI-II scores from 0 ± 0 at inpatient admission to 3 ± 4.6 by outpatient discharge, whereas the motor incomplete group demonstrated a change of 0.2 ± 0.4 to 9.0 ± 6.4. Conclusion: Patients completed OEGT across the therapy continuum. Patients with motor incomplete SCI experienced clinically meaningful improvements in walking function.
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Candelaria, D., S. Duggan, L. Zhang i R. Gallagher. "Do ethnic minorities improve in exercise capacity following cardiac rehabilitation? a secondary analysis". European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 22, Supplement_1 (28.07.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurjcn/zvad064.094.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): SOLVE-CHD NHMRC Grant Background/Introduction Ethnic minorities experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease risks due to a combination of risk factors and socio-cultural influences. While comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has well-established benefits for reducing mortality, morbidity, and improving physical fitness, little is known about exercise capacity outcomes for ethnic minorities following CR. Purpose This secondary analysis of data from an observational study aimed to evaluate exercise capacity outcomes of ethnic minorities following CR using 6-minute walk test (6MWT) or metabolic equivalent of task (METs) and to compare it to the majority group. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine if ethnic minority status was an independent predictor of change in 6MWT and METs after adjusting for baseline characteristics (age, sex, diagnosis, smoking, referral site, and wait time). Additionally, a binary logistic regression model was created for completers versus non-completers accounting for baseline variables. Results Participants totalled 2335, of which 326 (14%) were ethnic minorities. The mean age of ethnic minorities was 66.46 (SD 12.12) years, with 228 (70%) males. The most common referral diagnosis was myocardial infarction (27%), angina (25%), other – arrhythmias, cardiac devices, valve diseases/procedures (24%), and cardiac surgery (24%). Ethnic minorities had significantly lower 6MWT scores at baseline compared to the majority (379.9 (SD 118) versus 430.7 (SD 103) meters, p<0.001, but METs were comparable (6.69 (SD 2.73) versus 6.46 (SD 2.28) mg/kg/min, p = 0.69. At CR completion, improvements in 6MWT were equivalent for minority (71.03 (SD 58.57)) and majority (71.37 (SD 61.16)) groups (p = 0.96), as well as METs (minority 3.01 (SD 1.66) versus majority 3.13 (SD 1.74) p = 0.77). Minority status was not an independent predictor of change in 6MWT and METs after accounting for age, sex, diagnosis, smoking, referral site, and wait time. However, participants that were minorities were half as likely to complete (OR 0.49 95% CI 0.38, 0.65). Conclusion Ethnic minorities achieve equivalent improvements in exercise capacity to majority participants following CR. These findings add to the effectiveness evidence of CR, at least for exercise capacity, for diverse populations. However, such benefits would only be gained with adequate participation and CR program completion, which remains poor for ethnic minorities. Improving CR program uptake and completion for ethnic minorities with cardiovascular disease should be prioritised.
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Agbo, John, Ruth Quin, Jane F. Reckelhoff i Noha M. Shawky. "Male Offspring Exposed to Maternal Hyperandrogenemia Have Exaggerated Pressor Response to Angiotensin II That Is Partially Attenuated by Etanercept". Physiology 39, S1 (maj 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.2024.39.s1.996.
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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy and major cause of hyperandrogenemia in women. Our group has previously shown that male offspring (F1) exposed to maternal hyperandrogenemia are born smaller (indicative of intra-uterine growth restriction) and have exaggerated pressor response to angiotensin (Ang) II as adults. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-⍺) has been shown to play a role in Ang II-mediated hypertension in different models. Increased pressor response to Ang II could signal increased risk of cardiovascular diseases later in life. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the hypothesis that exposure to maternal hyperandrogenemia programs intrarenal inflammation that plays a role in the exaggerated pressor response to Ang II in male F1s. Methods: At 4 weeks (wks) of age, female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed a purified diet (10% kcal from fat) and implanted (s.c.) with either 5α-dihydrotestosterone pellets (7.5 mg/90 d; hyperandrogenemic females (HAFs)) or placebo pellets (PBO), that were replaced throughout life. At 9-12 wks of age, HAFs and PBOs were paired with SD males and allowed to get pregnant, deliver and lactate their offspring (F1-HAF and F1-PBO) until weaning (3 wks of age). Urine was collected from male F1s (n = 6-10/grp, 4-5 months (mos) of age, 1 pup/litter) which were then euthanized. Kidney cortices were used for the assay of pro-inflammatory cytokines using Bioplex. Another batch of male F1s (n = 4-7/grp, 8-10 mos of age, 1 pup/litter) were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters. After recovery, male F1s were treated with either etanercept (a TNF-⍺ antagonist; ETA; 1.2 mg/kg, twice a week s.c. injection; ETA-F1-HAF and ETA-F1-PBO grps) or vehicle (0.9% saline; VEH; VEH-F1-HAF and VEH-F1-PBO grps) for 2 wks. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was then measured for 6 days (Pre-enalapril), followed by treatment with enalapril (25 mg/kg/d for 9 d in drinking water) then Enalapril + Ang II (150 ng/kg/min for 6 d, s.c. minipump). Results: Male F1-HAF had significantly higher renal cortical interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-7 and TNF-α (203.8 ± 14 vs 141.7 ± 10, 331.4 ± 27 vs 233.7 ± 13, 524.7 ± 41 vs 379.1 ± 46, and 579.8 ± 47 vs 423.7 ± 47 pg/g tissue, respectively; p<0.05 for all), proteinuria (14.1 ± 2.4 vs 8.6 ± 0.9 mg/24 h, p<0.05), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (1058.0 ± 123 vs 557.0 ± 122 pg/24 h, p<0.05) compared to male F1-PBO. VEH-F1-HAF had exaggerated pressor response to Ang II compared to VEH-F1-PBO starting at day 3 until day 6 of Ang II (154 ± 6 vs 128 ± 6 mmHg, p<0.05) despite similar MAP pre-enalapril (116 ± 3 vs 118 ± 2 mmHg, p=NS) and after enalapril (97 ± 3 vs 96 ± 1 mmHg, p=NS). ETA-F1-HAF had significantly lower MAP compared to VEH-F1-HAF on days 3 (119 ± 10 vs 138 ± 3 mmHg, p<0.05), 4 (131 ± 9 vs 149 ± 5 mmHg, p<0.05) and 5 (142 ± 6 vs 154 ± 5 mmHg, p<0.05) of Ang II treatment. Yet, on day 6 of Ang II treatment, MAP was similar between VEH-F1-HAF and ETA-F1-HAF (154 ± 6 vs 146 ± 5 mmHg, p=NS) and significantly higher in both groups compared to ETA-F1-PBO (133 ± 12 mmHg) and VEH-F1-PBO (128 ± 6 mmHg) [p < 0.05]. Conclusion: Exaggerated pressor response to Ang II in male F1s exposed to maternal hyperandrogenemia could be partly mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Future studies will determine the role of different immune cells in this response and the underlying epigenetic changes in male F1s exposed to maternal hyperandrogenemia. This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P20GM121334 (JFR, NMS), R01HL135089 (JFR), R01AG075963 (JFR). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the offcial views of the National Institutes of Health. This work was also supported by the American Heart Association Career Development Award Number 938320 (NMS). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.
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Ferreira, V., M. Cruz Coutinho, L. Moura Branco, A. Galrinho, AT Timoteo, P. Rio, L. Almeida Morais i in. "Myocardial work brings a new insight into left ventricule remodelling in cardiooncology patients". European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging 22, Supplement_1 (1.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaa356.165.
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Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Serial echocardiographic assessment of 2D left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) is the gold standard screening method for cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). Non-invasive left ventricular (LV) pressure-strain loop (PSL) provides a novel method of quantifying myocardial work (MW) with potential advantages, as it incorporates measurements of myocardial deformation and LV pressure. Purpose To evaluate the impact of cardiotoxic treatments in MW indices. Methods Prospective study of female breast cancer patients (P) submitted to therapy (TH) who underwent serial monitoring by 2D, 3D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and concomitant blood pressure assessment. P were evaluated at T0, T1 and T2 (before, ≥6 and ≥12 months after starting TH). PSL analysis allowed the calculation of the following indices: Global Work Index (GWI), Global Constructive Work (GCW), Global Work Waste (GWW) and Global Work Efficiency (GWE). CTRCD was defined as an absolute decrease in 2D LVEF > 10% to a value < 54% or a relative decrease in 2D GLS > 15%, according to literature. Results 122 patients (mean age 54.7 ± 12.0 years), mostly treated with anthracyclines (77.0%, cumulative dose 268.6 ± 71.8mg/m2), anti-HER (75.4%) and radiotherapy (77.0%) were included. 2D and 3D LVEF were significantly reduced during TH, however remaining within the limits of normality (2D LVEF T0-T1 64.2 ±7.6 vs 61.1 ± 8.2%, p = 0.006 and 3D LVEF T0-T1 60.2 ± 6.7 vs 56.9 ±6.3%, p = 0.022). 2D GLS was also more impaired at T1 (-19.8 ± 2.7% vs -18.5 ± 3.0%, p = 0.003). All MW indices were significantly reduced at T1 compared to baseline (GWI 1756.9 ± 319.2 vs 1614.3 ± 338.5mmHg%, p = 0.005; GCW 2105.6 ± 352.0 vs 1970.5 ± 376.2 mmHg%, p = 0.015; GWW 121.1 ± 66.6 vs 161.1 ± 84.1 mmHg%, p = 0.001; GWE 93.5 ± 3.1 vs 91.1 ± 4.5%, p = 0.001). Between T1 and T2 no statistical difference was found but a partial recovery of parameters was observed when comparing T2 to T0 (GWI (T2) 1650.6 ± 357.5 mmHg%, p = 0.035; GCW (T2) 2013.3 ± 379.3 mmHg%, p = 0.086; GWW (T2) 148.0 ± 85.0 mmHg%, p = 0.02 and GWE (T2) 92.0 ± 4.7%, p = 0.012). During a mean follow-up of 14.9 ± 9.3 months, 36 patients (29.5%) developed CTRCD. P presenting CTRCD revealed a significant decrease in GWI and GWE at T1 comparing with women without CTRCD (GWI 1.8 ± 21.6 vs -14.2 ± 18.5%, p = 0.004 and GWE -1.0 ±3.0 vs -3.6 ±3.9%, p = 0.005). GWW had a substantially increase at T1 in P with cardiotoxicity (27.6 ± 76.3% vs 64.1 ± 68.0%, p = 0.051). Conclusion Left ventricular systolic function study with MW showed a reduction in cardiac performance with a peak at 6 months from the start of chemotherapy and partial recovery after term. Assessment of myocardial deformation parameters, namely MW, proved to be a useful tool for a better characterisation of cardiac remodelling, and could enhance patient selection for cardioprotective therapeutics. Abstract Figure. TTE parameters
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Uddin, Mohammad N., Darijana Horvat, Steven R. Allen, Richard O. Jones, David C. Zawieja i Thomas J. Kuehl. "Abstract 315: Supression of Aldosterone and Progesterone in Preeclampsia: Role of Marinobufagenin: A Translational Approach". Hypertension 60, suppl_1 (wrzesień 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.60.suppl_1.a315.
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Preeclampsia (preE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. In an animal model of preE, we have shown that the urinary excretion of marinobufagenin (MBG) is elevated prior to the development of hypertension and proteinuria. Several research groups provided evidence for reduced aldosterone (Aldo) and progesterone (Prog) availability in preE. This study focuses on the alterations in Aldo & Prog in a rat model of preE, in vitro study and in preE patients. Three groups of animals were studied: normal pregnant (NP, n = 9); pregnant rats that received weekly injections of desoxycorticosterone acetate and saline drinking water (PDS; preE rat model, n = 9); and NP rats injected with MBG (7.65 μg/kg/d, NPM, n = 8). The plasma and urinary levels of Aldo were assayed in all groups. To see the effect of MBG in the secretion of Aldo, adrenal cells were treated with DMSO (vehicle), 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 nM MBG. The levels of Aldo & Prog in the culture media of MBG-treated adrenal cells and in cell lysates were measured by ELISA. We recruited 17 PreE and 23 normally pregnant patients at Scott & White hospital. Aldo, Prog and MBG levels were assayed in plasma samples by ELISA. Both plasma and urinary levels of Aldo (NP: 578.5 ± 152.4, PDS: 379.5 ± 89.6, NPM: 348.7 ± 91.3 pg/mL for plasma; NP: 86.7± 10.7, PDS: 52.0 ± 5.2, NPM: 58.9 ± 6 for urine, p<0.05 for each case) & Prog (NP: 31.5 ± 2.9, PDS: 18.6 ± 2.1, NPM: 16.5 ± 91.3 ng/mL for plasma; NP: 6.5 ± 0.5, PDS: 3.5 ± 0.4, NPM: 3.2 ± 0.5 for urine, p<0.05 for each case) were significantly lower in PDS and NPM rats compared to NP. MBG ≥ 1 nM significantly decreased the secretion of Aldo in MBG- treated adrenal cells when compared to the vehicle-treated cells. The mean plasma Aldo of 398.6 ± 115.8 pg/mL and Prog of 46.2 ± 9.5 ng/ml in PreE patients were significantly suppressed (p<0.05) from 548.4 ± 137.5 pg/mL and 82.5 ± 13.6 ng/l, respectively, in NP women. On the contrary, plasma MBG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in preE compared to NP (preE: 59 ± 17 & NP: 12 ± 2 pg/mL). These data suggest that Aldo & Prog are paradoxically concealed in PreE. Moreover, it has been suggested that MBG is involved in the downregulation of Aldo & Prog expression in preE rat model and in in vitro adrenal cells. This study provides new evidence that MBG plays a key role in the suppression of Aldo & Prog in PreE.