Artykuły w czasopismach: „375/.001”

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Yohanida, Dzikrina Iffa, i Ike Herdiana. "Hubungan Sikap Terhadap Informasi Terkait Covid-19 Dengan Kecenderungan Perilaku Prososial Pengguna Media Sosial". Buletin Riset Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM) 1, nr 2 (3.09.2021): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/brpkm.v1i2.28611.

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Melimpahnya informasi saat krisis berpotensi menyebabkan individu untuk berperilaku apapun yang dianggap tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan antara sikap terhadap informasi terkait COVID-19 dengan kecenderungan perilaku prososial pada dewasa awal pengguna media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini merupakan dewasa awal (18-40 tahun) pengguna media sosial. Sampel yang didapatkan dengan teknik voluntary sampling sebanyak 375 responden; 277 perempuan dan 98 laki-laki. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik survei daring menggunakan skala sikap informasi COVID-19 dan Prosocial Tendencies Measurement. Uji korelasi dengan Pearson’s Product Moment menunjukkan hubungan positif dan sedang antara sikap informasi COVID-19 dengan dimensi altruism (r(375)=.557; p<.001), compliant (r(375)=.564; p<.001), emotional (r(375)=.571; p<.001), public (r(375)=.54; p<.001), dan dire (r(375)=.563; p<.001), dan berkorelasi positif dan lemah pada dimensi anonymous (r(375)=.349; p<.001). Hasil penelitian ini mendukung penelitian sebelumnya yang menunjukkan sikap positif pengguna media sosial terhadap penyebaran informasi seputar krisis dapat menggerakkan perilaku kolektif.

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Kim, J. H., i F. F. Lange. "Epitaxial growth of PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 thin films on (001) LaAlO3 by the chemical solution deposition method". Journal of Materials Research 14, nr 10 (październik 1999): 4004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0541.

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Epitaxial PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT) thin films were grown on (001) LaAlO3 substrates (∼6.1% lattice mismatch) by the chemical solution deposition method. The sequence of epitaxy during heating between 375 and 700 °C/1h was characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. At approximately 375 °C/1h, a nanocrystalline metastable fluorite phase of PZT was formed from the pyrolyzed amorphous precursor. At higher temperatures (400–425 °C/1h), thermodynamically stable PZT crystallites were first observed at the interface; with increasing higher temperatures, these nuclei grew across the interface and through the film toward the surface by consuming the metastable nanocrystalline fluorite grains. PZT thin films annealed above ∼500 °C/1h were observed to be dense with an epitaxial orientation relationship of [100](001)PZT‖[100](001)LAO. The metastable nanocrystalline fluorite to the stable single-crystal perovskite transformation gives an extra driving force by providing an additional decrease in free energy in addition to a driving force from the elimination of grain boundary area for epitaxy.

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Jordan, E., D. K. Lovett, M. Hawkins, J. J. Callan i F. P. O'Mara. "The effect of varying levels of coconut oil on intake, digestibility and methane output from continental cross beef heifers". Animal Science 82, nr 6 (grudzień 2006): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asc2006107.

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This experiment sought to establish the response to increasing levels of coconut oil (CO) supplementation with a fixed 0·50:0·50 forage:concentrate diet on intake, digestibility and methane (CH4) emissions. Sixteen continental cross beef heifers (mean starting weight 481±36 kg) were assigned randomly to one of four levels of CO; 0 g/day, 125 g/day, 250 g/day or 375 g/day in an incomplete (three periods) multiple (no. =4) Latin-square design experiment (no. =12 per treatment). A linear reduction in CH4 output occurred as the level of CO in the diet increased ( P<0·001) with the greatest reduction at the 375 g/day level (394, 341, 314 and 240 l/day for animals fed 0, 125, 250 and 375 g/day CO, respectively). As the level of CO increased dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) decreased, however these differences were only statistically significant at the 375 g/day level ( P <0·001). The proportional reduction in CH4 output was greater than the proportional reduction in DMI and hence CH4 l/kg DMI decreased from 39·8 l/kg when no CO was given to 29·7 l/kg when 375 g/day CO was given. The addition of CO to the diet resulted in a significant decline in dry-matter digestibility (DMD) at the 375 g/day level (P<0·05). These data demonstrate that the inclusion of CO at levels from 0·013 to 0·045 of the dietary DM within a 0·50:0·50 silage and concentrate ration reduces CH4 production with no adverse effect on DMI or DMD up to the 250 g/day level (0·027 of dietary DM).

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van Oers, Marinus H. J., Richard Klasa, Robert E. Marcus, Max Wolf, Eva Kimby, Randy D. Gascoyne, Andrew Jack i in. "Rituximab maintenance improves clinical outcome of relapsed/resistant follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients both with and without rituximab during induction: results of a prospective randomized phase 3 intergroup trial". Blood 108, nr 10 (15.11.2006): 3295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-05-021113.

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Abstract We evaluated the role of rituximab (R) both in remission induction and maintenance treatment of relapsed/resistant follicular lymphoma (FL). A total of 465 patients were randomized to induction with 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) (every 3 weeks) or R-CHOP (R: 375 mg/m2 intravenously, day 1). Those in complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR) were randomized to maintenance with R (375 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years) or observation. R-CHOP induction yielded an increased overall response rate (CHOP, 72.3%; R-CHOP, 85.1%; P < .001) and CR rate (CHOP, 15.6%; R-CHOP, 29.5%; P < .001). Median progression-free survival (PFS) from first randomization was 20.2 months after CHOP versus 33.1 months after R-CHOP (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; P < .001). Rituximab maintenance yielded a median PFS from second randomization of 51.5 months versus 14.9 months with observation (HR, 0.40; P < .001). Improved PFS was found both after induction with CHOP (HR, 0.30; P < .001) and R-CHOP (HR, 0.54; P = .004). R maintenance also improved overall survival from second randomization: 85% at 3 years versus 77% with observation (HR, 0.52; P = .011). This is the first trial showing that in relapsed/resistant FL rituximab maintenance considerably improves PFS not only after CHOP but also after R-CHOP induction.

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Naqvi, Imama Ali, Tahani Casameni Montiel, Yazan Bittar, Norma Hunter, Munachi Okpala, Constance Johnson, Mark G. Weiner, Sean Savitz, Anjail Sharrief i Jennifer Elizabeth Sanner Beauchamp. "Internet Access and Usage Among Stroke Survivors and Their Informal Caregivers: Cross-sectional Study". JMIR Formative Research 5, nr 3 (8.03.2021): e25123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25123.

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Background Web-based interventions have shown promise for chronic disease management but have not been widely applied to populations with stroke. Existing barriers may inhibit the adoption of web-based interventions among stroke survivors and necessitate the involvement of informal caregivers. However, limited information is available on internet accessibility and usability among stroke survivors and their caregivers. Objective This study aims to investigate internet access and usage in a cohort of stroke survivors and their caregivers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 375 participants (248 stroke survivors and 127 caregivers). Descriptive statistics were generated using cross-tabulation. Comparisons with categorical data were conducted using the chi-square test, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons involving ordinal variables. Results Overall, 86.1% (323/375) of the participants reported having internet access. Caregivers were more likely than stroke survivors to access the internet (N=375, χ21=18.5, P<.001) and used text messaging (n=321, χ21=14.7, P<.001). Stroke survivors and caregivers with internet access were younger than stroke survivors and caregivers without internet access. The highest number of participants who reported internet access were non-Hispanic White. Smartphones were the most common devices used to access the internet. Email was the most common type of internet usage reported. Patients who survived for >12 months after a stroke reported higher internet access than those who survived <3 months (P<.001). The number of hours per week spent using the internet was higher for caregivers than for stroke survivors (P<.001). Conclusions Future feasibility and acceptability studies should consider the role of the informal caregiver, participant age, race and ethnicity, the use of smartphone apps, email and text correspondence, and the amount of time elapsed since the stroke event in the design and implementation of web-based interventions for populations with stroke.

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Caillet, Philippe, Florence Canoui-Poitrine, Johanna Vouriot, Muriel Berle, Nicoleta Reinald, Sebastien Krypciak, Sylvie Bastuji-Garin, Stephane Culine i Elena Paillaud. "Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Decision-Making Process in Elderly Patients With Cancer: ELCAPA Study". Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, nr 27 (20.09.2011): 3636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.31.0664.

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Purpose To identify Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) components independently associated with changes in planned cancer treatment. Patients and Methods We prospectively included 375 consecutive elderly patients with cancer (ELCAPA01 study) assessed by geriatricians using the CGA. Multivariate analysis was used to identify factors associated with changes in the cancer treatment (intensification, decrease, or delayed > 2 weeks). Change was defined as a difference between the initial treatment proposal and the final treatment selected in a multidisciplinary meeting. Results Mean age was 79.6 years (standard deviation [SD], 5.6 years), and 197 (52.5%) were women. The most common tumor location was the digestive system (58.7%). The mean number of comorbidities was 4.2 (SD, 2.7) per patient, and the mean Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics score was 11.8 (SD, 5.3). After the CGA, the initial cancer treatment plan was modified for 78 (20.8%) of 375 patients (95% CI, 16.8 to 25.3), usually to decrease treatment intensity (63 [80.8%] of 78 patients). By univariate analysis, cancer treatment changes were associated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (73.3% in the group with changes v 41.1% in the in the group without changes; P < .001), dependency for one or more activities of daily living (ADL; 59.0% v 24.2%; P < .001), malnutrition (81.8% v 51.2%; P < .001), cognitive impairment (38.5% v 24.9%; P = .023), depression (52.6% v 21.7%; P < .001), and greater number of comorbidities (mean, 4.8 [SD, 2.9] v 4.0 [SD, 2.6]; P = .02). By multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with cancer treatment changes were a lower ADL score (odds ratio [OR], 1.25 per 0.5-point decrease; CI, 1.04 to 1.49; P = .016) and malnutrition (OR, 2.99; CI, 1.36 to 6.58; P = .007). Conclusion Functional status assessed by the ADL score and malnutrition were independently associated with changes in cancer treatment.

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Patwary, MM Alam, MH Rahman, H. Barua, S. Sarkar i Md Shamsul Alam. "Study on the Growth and Development of two Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Genotypes". Agriculturists 11, nr 2 (31.12.2013): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17487.

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A preliminary investigation was carried out under the AEZ- 29 at the Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Pahartali, Chittagong during December 2010 to May 2012 to evaluate two dragon fruit genotypes. The longer plant (272.13 cm) was recorded in HUP 002 while it was 263.34 cm in HUP 001 after one and half year of planting. Flower bud emergence took place after 17 months (on 9 May, 2012) in HUP 001, while it commenced in HUP 002 after 15 months (on 22 March, 2012). Flower bud required 28 days bloom from emergence and the fruit matured after 33 days from anthesis in HUP 001, while that required 35 days for HUP 002 and fruits become matured after 32 days from anthesis. Larger number (8) of flowers per plant was observed in HUP 002 while the lower was noted in HUP 001(6). Numerous anthers were observed below the stigma with attractive white petals in both the varieties. The fruit weights ranged from 200 -375 in HUP 002 but 150-200g in HUP 001. The edible portions were 91.0 and 92.0 with 12.0 and 11.4 % TSS in HUP 001 and HUP 002, respectively. Fruit pulp colour was white in HUP 001 while red in HUP 002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17487 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 52-57

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Maher, Carol, Ty Ferguson, Rachel Curtis, Wendy Brown, Dorothea Dumuid, Francois Fraysse, Gilly A. Hendrie, Ben Singh, Adrian Esterman i Timothy Olds. "Weekly, Seasonal, and Festive Period Weight Gain Among Australian Adults". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 7 (27.07.2023): e2326038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.26038.

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ImportanceObesity is a major global health concern. A better understanding of temporal patterns of weight gain will enable the design and implementation of interventions with potential to alter obesity trajectories.ObjectiveTo describe changes in daily weight across 12 months among Australian adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study conducted between December 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021 in Adelaide, South Australia, involved 375 community-dwelling adults aged 18 to 65 years. Participants wore a fitness tracker and were encouraged to weigh themselves, preferably daily but at least weekly, using a body weight scale. Data were remotely gathered using custom-developed software.ExposureTime assessed weekly, seasonally, and at Christmas/New Year and Easter.Main Outcomes and MeasuresData were visually inspected to assess the overall yearly pattern in weight change. Data were detrended (to remove systematic bias from intraindividual gradual increases or decreases in weight) by calculating a line of best fit for each individual’s annual weight change relative to baseline and subtracting this from each participant’s weight data. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis was used to compare weight across days of the week and seasons and at Christmas/New Year and Easter.ResultsOf 375 participants recruited, 368 (mean [SD] age, 40.2 [5.9] years; 209 [56.8%] female; mean [SD] baseline weight, 84.0 [20.5] kg) provided at least 7 days of weight data for inclusion in analyses. Across the 12-month period, participants gained a median of 0.26% body weight (218 g) (range, −29.4% to 24.0%). Weight fluctuated by approximately 0.3% (252 g) each week, with Mondays and Tuesdays being the heaviest days of the week. Relative to Monday, participants’ weight gradually decreased from Tuesday, although not significantly so (mean [SE] weight change, 0.01% [0.03%]; P = .83), to Friday (mean [SE] weight change, −0.18% [0.03%]; P &lt; .001) and increased across the weekend to Monday (mean [SE] weight change for Saturday, −0.16% [0.03%]; P &lt; .001; mean [SE] weight change for Sunday, −0.10% [0.03%]; P &lt; .001). Participants’ weight increased sharply at Christmas/New Year (mean [SE] increase, 0.65% [0.03%]; z score, 25.30; P &lt; .001) and Easter (mean [SE] weight change, 0.29% [0.02%], z score, 11.51; P &lt; .001). Overall, participants were heaviest in summer (significantly heavier than in all other seasons), were lightest in autumn (mean [SE] weight change relative to summer, −0.47% [0.07%]; P &lt; .001), regained some weight in winter (mean [SE] weight change relative to summer, −0.23% [0.07%]; P = .001), and became lighter in spring (mean [SE] weight change relative to summer, −0.27% [0.07%]; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Australian adults with weekly and yearly patterns in weight gain observed across 12 months, high-risk times for weight gain were Christmas/New Year, weekends, and winter, suggesting that temporally targeted weight gain prevention interventions may be warranted.

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Moon, Jung Yeon, Tae Young Choi, Eun Soo Won, Geun Hui Won, So Yeun Kim, Hye Jeong Lee i Seoyoung Yoon. "The Relationship Between Workplace Burnout and Male Depression Symptom Assessed by the Korean Version of the Gotland Male Depression Scale". American Journal of Men's Health 16, nr 5 (wrzesień 2022): 155798832211239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15579883221123930.

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Screening for depression in males is important because their symptoms differ from those of females, ranging from indications of aggression to attempts at suicide. Men and women differ in their responses to job stress. There are no tools that have been verified, developed, or translated for screening male depression in Korea. Our team translated the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) into Korean. The Korean version of GMDS (K-GMDS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) were administered to 277 office workers in one public institution. Gender differences in each scale score were measured along with the correlation between the K-GMDS and the MBI-GS. There was no significant difference in the K-GMDS score between males and females, whereas females scored significantly higher on the MBI-GS ( p < .001). The correlation between the K-GMDS total score and the MBI total score (male: r = .702, p < .001, female: r = .375, p < .001) and MBI subscale scores were higher in males than females. Gender moderated the relationship between total K-GMDS and total MBI scores ( p < .001). The Korean version of the GMDS is suitable for screening male depression symptoms in the workplace. The results of the K-GMDS demonstrated a strong correlation between depressive symptoms and work-related burnout among men. This study can be used as a basis for studying male depression symptoms in Korea, which has not been studied extensively. This will prove beneficial for work environments.

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Laupland, Kevin B., i Fiona Coyer. "Physician and Nurse Research in Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Units". American Journal of Critical Care 29, nr 6 (1.11.2020): 450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2020136.

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Background Although clinical care is multidisciplinary, intensive care unit research commonly focuses on single-discipline themes. We sought to characterize intensive care unit research conducted by physicians and nurses. Methods One hundred randomly selected reports of clinical studies published in critical care medical and nursing journals were reviewed. Results Of the 100 articles reviewed, 50 were published in medical journals and 50 were published in nursing journals. Only 1 medical study (2%) used qualitative methods, compared with 9 nursing studies (18%) (P = .02). The distribution of quantitative study designs differed between medical and nursing journals (P < .001), with medical journals having a predominance of cohort studies (29 articles [58%]). Compared with medical journal articles, nursing journal articles had significantly fewer authors (median [interquartile range], 5 [3-6] vs 8 [6-10]; P < .001) and study participants (94 [51-237] vs 375 [86-4183]; P < .001) and a significantly lower proportion of male study participants (55% [26%-65%] vs 60% [51%-65%]; P = .02). Studies published in medical journals were much more likely than those published in nursing journals to exclusively involve patients as participants (47 [94%] vs 25 [50%]; P < .001). Coauthorship between physicians and nurses was evident in 14 articles (14%), with infrequent inclusion of authors from other health care disciplines. Conclusions Physician research and nurse research differ in several important aspects and tend to occur within silos. Increased interprofessional collaboration is possible and worthwhile.

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Brekhov, Kirill, Vladislav Bilyk, Andrey Ovchinnikov, Oleg Chefonov, Vladimir Mukhortov i Elena Mishina. "Resonant Excitation of the Ferroelectric Soft Mode by a Narrow-Band THz Pulse". Nanomaterials 13, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13131961.

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This study investigates the impact of narrow-band terahertz pulses on the ferroelectric order parameter in Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 films on various substrates. THz radiation in the range of 1–2 THz with the pulse width of about 0.15 THz was separated from a broadband pulse with the interference technique. The 375 nm thick BST film on a MgO (001) substrate exhibits enhanced THz-induced second harmonic generation when excited by THz pulses with a central frequency of 1.6 THz, due to the resonant excitation of the soft phonon mode. Conversely, the BST film on a Si (001) substrate shows no enhancement, due to its polycrystalline state. The 800 nm thick BST film on a MgO (111) substrate demonstrates the maximum of a second harmonic generation signal when excited by THz pulses at 1.8 THz, which is close to the soft mode frequency for the (111) orientation. Notably, the frequency spectrum of the BST/MgO (111) film reveals peaks at both the fundamental and doubled frequencies, and their intensities depend, respectively, linearly and quadratically on the THz pulse electric field strength.

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Dieker, JoAnna, Kelsey Bacharz, Kendall Weber i Sara H. Qualls. "CHARACTERISTICS OF CAREGIVERS WITH FAMILY CONFLICT". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1809.

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Abstract The family environment is often overlooked in caregiver research and assessment, despite having implications for caregiver health and well-being (Zarit et al., 2019). The purpose of the present study was to examine differences on two types of family conflict (beliefs and support) among a diverse sample of caregivers. The present sample consisted of help-seeking (n = 375) and non-help-seeking (n = 415) caregivers (total n = 790). Caregivers filled out the Caregiver Reaction Scale (O’Malley & Qualls, 2017), a multidimensional assessment of the caregiver experience. Results of a 2 (adult children, spouse) x 2 (help-seeking, non-help-seeking) ANOVA indicated that help-seeking caregivers reported significantly more conflict over family beliefs than did non-help-seeking caregivers (M = 1.93 and 1.58, respectively), F(3,606) = 21.10 p < .001. Adult children caregivers reported significantly greater conflict over family beliefs (M = 1.91) than did spouse caregivers (M = 1.60), F(3,606) = 10.66, p < .001. Adult children caregivers also reported significantly greater conflict over family support (M = 1.87) than did spouse caregivers (M = 1.57), F(3,600) = 16.23, p < .001. Results highlight that certain caregiving contexts (e.g., adult children caring for a parent) potentially increase family conflict, which has implications for caregiver burden. Family conflict over beliefs is also related to help-seeking in caregivers. Findings inform appropriate assessment and intervention regarding the family environment in caregiving.

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Bongers, Coen C. W. G., Dominique S. M. ten Haaf, Nicholas Ravanelli, Thijs M. H. Eijsvogels i Maria T. E. Hopman. "Core Temperature and Sweating in Men and Women During a 15-km Race in Cool Conditions". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, nr 8 (1.09.2020): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0721.

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Purpose: Studies often assess the impact of sex on the relation between core body temperature (CBT), whole-body sweat rate (WBSR), and heat production during exercise in laboratory settings, but less is known in free-living conditions. Therefore, the authors compared the relation between CBT, WBSR, and heat production between sexes in a 15-km race under cool conditions. Methods: During 3 editions of the Seven Hills Run (Nijmegen, the Netherlands) with similar ambient conditions (8–12°C, 80–95% relative humidity), CBT and WBSR were measured among 375 participants (52% male) before and immediately after the 15-km race. Heat production was estimated using initial body mass and mean running speed, assuming negligible external work. Results: Men finished the race in 76 (12) minutes and women in 83 (13) minutes (P < .001, effect size [ES] = 0.55). Absolute heat production was higher in men than in women (1185 [163] W vs 867 [122] W, respectively, P < .001, ES = 1.47), even after normalizing to body mass (15.0 [2.2] W/kg vs 13.8 [1.9] W/kg, P < .001, ES = 0.56). Finish CBT did not differ between men and women (39.2°C [0.7°C] vs 39.2°C [0.7°C], P = .71, ES = 0.04). Men demonstrated a greater increase in CBT (1.5°C [0.8°C] vs 1.3°C [0.7°C], respectively, P = .013, ES = 0.31); the sex difference remains after correcting for heat production (P = .004). WBSR was larger in men (18.0 [6.9] g/min) than in women (11.4 [4.7] g/min; P < .001, ES = 0.97). A weak correlation between WBSR and heat production was found irrespective of sex (R2 = .395, P < .001). Conclusions: WBSR was associated with heat production, irrespective of sex, during a self-paced 15-km running race in cool environmental conditions. Men had a higher ΔCBT than women.

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Sharma, Yogesh, Elizabeth Skoropata, Binod Paudel, Kyeong Tae Kang, Dmitry Yarotski, T. Zac Ward i Aiping Chen. "Epitaxial Stabilization of Single-Crystal Multiferroic YCrO3 Thin Films". Nanomaterials 10, nr 10 (21.10.2020): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102085.

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We report on the growth of stoichiometric, single-crystal YCrO3 epitaxial thin films on (001) SrTiO3 substrates using pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy reveal that the films grew in a layer-by-layer fashion with excellent crystallinity and atomically smooth surfaces. Magnetization measurements demonstrate that the material is ferromagnetic below 144 K. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity shows a characteristic relaxor-ferroelectric behavior at TC = 375–408 K. A dielectric anomaly at the magnetic transition temperature indicates a close correlation between magnetic and electric order parameters in these multiferroic YCrO3 films. These findings provide guidance to synthesize rare-earth, chromite-based multifunctional heterostructures and build a foundation for future studies on the understanding of magnetoelectric effects in similar material systems.

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Marić, Mia. "Osobine ličnosti, životni događaji i anksioznost adolescenata". Primenjena psihologija 3, nr 1 (28.03.2010): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/pp.2010.1.39-57.

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Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja jeste utvrđivanje doprinosa dimenzija ličnosti i životnih događaja predikciji simptoma anksioznosti kod adolescenata. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 300 adolescenta koji pripadaju nekliničkoj populaciji. U analizu su bili uključeni pokazatelji pet velikih dimenzija ličnosti- Neuroticizma, Ekstraverzije, Otvorenosti, Prijatnosti i Savesnosti, broj, vrsta i vremenski period javljanja životnih događaja i stresnih iskustava, i stepen manifestovanja simptoma anksioznosti kod adolescenata, u toku prethodnih nedelju dana. Kao konceptualni okvir poslužili su leksički model ličnosti ‘’Velikih pet’’, teorije životnih događaja, i teorijska razmatranja pojave negativnih afektivnih reakcija u adolescenciji. Životni događaji su se pokazali kao najbolji prediktori simptoma anksioznosti kod nekliničke populacije adolescenata. Najznačajniji doprinos pojavi ispitivanih emocionalnih reakcija daje ukupan broj događaja (b=.892; p=.000). Pored toga, hronični stresori su se pokazali kao nepovoljni po afektivno funkcionisanje mladih (b=.258; p=.001). Uz stresore koji se odnose na porodični kontekst (b=.375; p=.010), predikciji simptoma anksioznosti značajno doprinose i školski problemi (b=.191; p=.001). Od osobina ličnosti posebno se izdvojila dimenzija Prijatnosti (b=.247; p=.000). Pokazalo se da viši skorovi na ovoj dimenziji predviđaju nešto češću pojavu simptoma anksioznosti.

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Fan, Bicheng, Pradeep Dewapriya, Fengjie Li, Laura Grauso, Martina Blümel, Alfonso Mangoni i Deniz Tasdemir. "Pyrenosetin D, a New Pentacyclic Decalinoyltetramic Acid Derivative from the Algicolous Fungus Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-087". Marine Drugs 18, nr 6 (26.05.2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18060281.

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The fungal genus Pyrenochaetopsis is commonly found in soil, terrestrial, and marine environments, however, has received little attention as a source of bioactive secondary metabolites so far. In a recent work, we reported the isolation and characterization of three new anticancer decalinoyltetramic acid derivatives, pyrenosetins A–C, from the Baltic Fucus vesiculosus-derived endophytic fungus Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-001. Herein we report a new pentacyclic decalinoylspirotetramic acid derivative, pyrenosetin D (1), along with two known decalin derivatives wakodecalines A (2) and B (3) from another endophytic strain Pyrenochaetopsis FVE-087 isolated from the same seaweed and showed anticancer activity in initial screenings. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of HR-ESIMS, FT-IR, [α]D, 1D and 2D NMR data coupled with DFT calculations of NMR parameters and optical rotation. Compounds 1–3 were evaluated for their anticancer and toxic potentials against the human malignant melanoma cell line (A-375) and the non-cancerous keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Pyrenosetin D (1) showed toxicity towards both A-375 and HaCaT cells with IC50 values of 77.5 and 39.3 μM, respectively, while 2 and 3 were inactive. This is the third chemical study performed on the fungal genus Pyrenochaetopsis and the first report of a pentacyclic decalin ring system from the fungal genus Pyrenochaetopsis.

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Werch, Chudley E., Hui Bian, Michele J. Moore, Steven C. Ames, Carlo C. DiClemente, Dennis Thombs i Steven B. Pokorny. "Brief Multiple Behavior Health Interventions for Older Adolescents". American Journal of Health Promotion 23, nr 2 (listopad 2008): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.07040533.

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Purpose. This study examined whether brief intervention strategies founded on the Behavior-Image Model and addressing positive images of college and career success could be potentially efficacious in impacting multiple health habits of high-risk adolescents transitioning into adulthood. Design. Participants were stratified by grade level and drug use and individually randomized to one of the three Plan for Success interventions, with baseline and 1 month postintervention data collections. Setting. A large, relatively diverse suburban school in northeast Florida. Subjects. A total of 375 11th and 12th grade students participated during the spring semester 2006. Intervention. Three interventions studied included: (1) Goal Survey, (2) Goal Survey plus Contract, or (3) Goal Survey plus Consult. Measures. Outcome measures included multiple health risk, health promotion, and personal development behaviors, as well as image and belief measures. Analysis. Repeated-measures MANOVAs and ANOVAs were used to examine intervention effects. Results. MANOVAs were significant for alcohol use, F(4,328) = 6.33, p = .001; marijuana use, F(4,317) = 3.72, p = .01; exercise, F(3,299) = 4.28, p = .01; college preparation, F(2,327) = 6.26, p = .001; and career preparation, F(2,329) = 6.17, p = .001, with most behaviors improving over time, whereas group-by-time interaction effects were found for nutrition habits, F(6,652) = 2.60, p = .02; and career preparation, F(4,658) = 3.26, p = .01, favoring the consultation. Conclusion. Brief interventions founded on the Behavior-Image Model may have potential to improve selected health and personal development habits among older adolescents.

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Patel, Vijay A., Mitchell Dunklebarger, Kalins Banerjee, Tom Shokri, Xiang Zhan i Huseyin Isildak. "Surgical Management of Vestibular Schwannoma: Practice Pattern Analysis via NSQIP". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 129, nr 3 (21.10.2019): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489419882044.

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Objective: Characterize current perspectives in the surgical management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) to guide otolaryngologists in understanding United States practice patterns. Methods: A retrospective analysis of ACS-NSQIP database was performed to abstract all patients from 2008 to 2016 who underwent VS resection using ICD-9/10 codes 225.1 and D33.3, respectively. The specific surgical approach employed was identified via CPT codes 61520, 61526/61596, and 61591, which represent retrosigmoid (RS), translabyrinthine (TL) and middle cranial fossa (MCF) approaches, respectively. Analyzed outcomes include general surgical complications, total length of stay, and reoperation. Results: A total of 1671 VS cases were identified, 1266 (75.7%) were RS, 292 (17.5%) were TL, and 114 (6.8%) were MCF. The annual number of cases increased over the study period from 15 to 375, which is chiefly attributed to increased institutional participation in ACS-NSQIP. Perioperative variables including BMI ( P < .001), ASA class ( P = .004), ethnicity ( P = .008), operative time ( P < .001), and reoperation ( P < .001) were found to be statistically significant between cohorts. Increased utilization of RS approach was consistent over the entire study period, with significantly more RS performed than either TL or MCF. Finally, a statistically significant difference with respect to general surgical complication rates was not noted between surgical approaches. Conclusions: There is increased employment of RS approach for the operative management of VS, which likely is the result of increased reliance on both stereotactic radiosurgery and observation as alternative treatment strategies.

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Guzmán facundo, Francisco Rafael, José Ignacio Vargas Martínez, Josefina Saraí Candia Arredondo, Lucio Rodriguez Aguilar i Karla Selene Lopez Garcia. "Influencia de la presión de pares y Facebook en actitudes favorecedoras al consumo de drogas ilícitas en jóvenes universitarios mexicanos". Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 19, nr 1 (1.02.2019): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v19i1.399.

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Los problemas de salud relacionados con el consumo de drogas constituyen un campo prioritario de acción para los profesionales de la salud, particularmente para los profesionales en atención comunitaria. El Objetivo fue analizar la influencia predictiva de la presión de pares y exposición de contenido de drogas ilícitas en Facebook sobre las actitudes y el consumo de drogas ilícitas. El diseño del estudio fue descriptivo correlacional, en una muestra de 375 estudiantes universitarios de Tamaulipas México. Los resultados mostraron que 31,2% (IC 95% [26, 35]) consumieron drogas alguna vez en la vida, la marihuana fue la droga más consumida. Se identificó influencia predictiva de la presión de pares (β=.315, p<.001) y la exposición de contenidos de consumo de drogas ilícitas en Facebook (β=.517, p=.010) sobre las actitudes. También se identificó influencia predictiva de las actitudes con el consumo de drogas ilícitas (β=,042 p<,001). Se concluye que a mayor presión de pares y mayor exposición de contenidos de drogas ilícitas en Facebook mayor son las actitudes que favorecen el consumo de drogas ilícitas. Asimismo a mayores actitudes favorables al consumo de drogas ilícitas mayor es la probabilidad del consumo de drogas ilícitas en jóvenes universitarios.Palabras claves: consumo de drogas, factores de riesgo, jóvenes universitarios, México

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Romeyke, Tobias, Elisabeth Noehammer i Harald Stummer. "Patient-Report-Outcome-Measure and Incentives for Inpatient Chronic Care in Germany". Global Journal of Health Science 12, nr 8 (12.06.2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n8p127.

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INTRODUCTION: In general, incentive tools like pay for performance (P4P) have positive effects regarding treatment quality and financial outcomes. As they are applicable to the clinical management of chronic conditions like asthma and diabetes, this article analyses their potential for multimodal complex treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases. METHODS: Cost data for chronic rheumatic diseases with and without specified complex treatments and their respective remuneration are compared to permit specific statements regarding incentive aspects in a DRG setting. Moreover, several standardized Patient-Report-Outcome-Measures (PROMs) are considered in the context of complex treatment to allow not only for efficiency, but also effectiveness evaluation. RESULTS: In total, 375 patients with complex treatment for rheumatic conditions were surveyed from 2013 to 2018. The incentive is slightly below (4,821.05 €) the costs incurred for complex treatments (4,972.44 €). The results of the used PROMs are positive as pain intensity decreased considerably (p <.001, r=0.75) and mental state complaints were reduced (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS: PROMs are valid instruments to capture changes in patient well-being. They also help to improve clinical operations and can be used for benchmarking. The P4P approach should cover the costs incurred to ensure the incentive structure.

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Onyejike, Darlington Nnamdi, Darlington Cyprain Akukwu, Odinakachi Ijike, Ifeoma Miracle Onyejike, Ugochukwu Samuel Aguwa, Emeka Ambrose Okubike, Emmanuel Nzube Ezenwatu, Gloria Chinenye Ojemeni, Somadina Nnamdi Okeke i Ambrose Echefulachi Agulanna. "Efficacy of Embalming Mixture Containing Formalin, Methanol and Water on Early Stage of Decomposition: A Validation Study". International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, nr 3 (5.09.2022): 8430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.178.

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Background: Stabbing with kitchen knife is a common method of homicide in Nigeria; and embalming of decomposing stabbed cadavers has been a challenge for morticians in Nigeria, because of the impairment of embalming fluid through the damaged arteries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water on stabbed early decomposing carcasses using porcine analogues. Methods: Two infant pigs were used for this study. Animals were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalming. Cervical arterial and hypodermic embalming techniques were employed. Post-embalming changes were observed and scored. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the outcome of embalmment and the embalming mixture. Results: There was a statistically significant moderate positive correlation (r = .576, n = 42, p = .001) between outcome of embalming, and duration of embalming; a statistically significant strong negative correlation (r = -.623, n = 42, p = .001) with volume of embalming fluid; and a statistically significant moderate negative correlation (r = -.528, n = 42, p = .001) with room temperature. There was a statistically insignificant very weak positive correlation (r = .186, n = 42, p = .239) between outcome of embalming and humidity; and a statistically insignificant very weak negative correlation (r = -.141, n = 42, p = .375) with atmospheric temperature. Conclusions: This study validated the embalming methodology and fluid suitable for arresting early decomposition process of stabbed infant carcasses in Nigeria. More so, an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water in equal proportion is suitable for arresting early decomposition of stabbed cadavers. KEYWORDS: Embalming of decomposing bodies, Embalming of stabbed bodies, Funeral services, Modern embalming science, Commercial embalming, Stab wounds, Specialist embalming.

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Zenz, Thorsten, Barbara Eichhorst, Raymonde Busch, Tina Denzel, Sonja Häbe, Dirk Winkler, Andreas Bühler i in. "TP53 Mutation and Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, nr 29 (10.10.2010): 4473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.8762.

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Purpose The precise prognostic impact of TP53 mutation and its incorporation into treatment algorithms in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is unclear. We set out to define the impact of TP53 mutations in CLL. Patients and Methods We assessed TP53 mutations by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (exons 2 to 11) in a randomized prospective trial (n = 375) with a follow-up of 52.8 months (German CLL Study Group CLL4 trial; fludarabine [F] v F + cyclophosphamide [FC]). Results We found TP53 mutations in 8.5% of patients (28 of 328 patients). None of the patients with TP53 mutation showed a complete response. In patients with TP53 mutation, compared with patients without TP53 mutation, median progression-free survival (PFS; 23.3 v 62.2 months, respectively) and overall survival (OS; 29.2 v 84.6 months, respectively) were significantly decreased (both P < .001). TP53 mutations in the absence of 17p deletions were found in 4.5% of patients. PFS and OS for patients with 17p deletion and patients with TP53 mutation in the absence of 17p deletion were similar. Multivariate analysis identified TP53 mutation as the strongest prognostic marker regarding PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.8; P < .001) and OS (HR = 7.2; P < .001). Other independent predictors of OS were IGHV mutation status (HR = 1.9), 11q deletion (HR = 1.9), 17p deletion (HR = 2.3), and FC treatment arm (HR = 0.6). Conclusion CLL with TP53 mutation carries a poor prognosis regardless of the presence of 17p deletion when treated with F-based chemotherapy. Thus, TP53 mutation analysis should be incorporated into the evaluation of patients with CLL before treatment initiation. Patients with TP53 mutation should be considered for alternative treatment approaches.

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Romeyke, Tobias, Elisabeth Noehammer i Harald Stummer. "Incentives for Combining Structure and Process Quality to Improve Outcome in Rheumatic Treatment". SAGE Open 12, nr 3 (lipiec 2022): 215824402211266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221126620.

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The study investigates the effects of multidisciplinary treatment for rheumatic treatment regarding (a) financial feasibility based on costs/remuneration in comparison to conventional treatment and (b) Patient reported outcome measures (Proms) to check for effectiveness. For (a), cost data and remuneration with and without multimodal rheumatologic complex treatment (MRCT) is analysed, including cost types. The database encompasses 18,794 treatment cases. For (b), a case study with retrospective patient data analysis ( N = 375, all treated in a specialized German hospital) regarding self-reported quality of life and physical functions is carried out for subjects receiving MRCT. While conventional treatment is fully covered, MRCT is only incentivized for cases with long in-patient treatment, so financial feasibility for hospitals is limited. Patients with MRCT reported significant improvements in quality of life ( p < .001; Nottingham Health Profile) as well as in physical functions (Functional Questionnaire Hannover [FFbH], p < .001) at discharge compared to admission. As short-term MRCT is not fully remunerated, less severe cases may not receive adequate care. Financial incentives should at least cover the costs incentivize the offer and thus ensure patient access to MRCT. Measuring the outcomes of the treatment process by means of Proms can contribute to the internal quality management. It also offers an inter-institutional benchmark to service providers, which can be used as a basis for performing comparative quality measurements and researching effectiveness.

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Castaneda, Carlos A., Miluska Castillo, Iván Chavez, Fernando Barreda, Nancy Suarez, Jais Nieves, Luis A. Bernabe i in. "Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Its Virulent Genotypes, and Epstein-Barr Virus in Peruvian Patients With Chronic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer". Journal of Global Oncology, nr 5 (grudzień 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00122.

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PURPOSE Helicobacter pylori (HP) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infections induce chronic gastritis (CG) and are accepted carcinogenics of gastric cancer (GC). Our objective for this study was to determine the prevalence of these agents and clinicopathological features of GC and CG associated with the infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-center cohort of 375 Peruvian patients with GC and 165 control subjects with CG were analyzed. Evaluation of HP and EBV genes was performed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Prevalence of HP was 62.9% in the whole population and 60.8% in the GC subset. The cagA gene was detected in 79.9%; vacAs1 and vacAm1 alleles in 41.6% and 60.7%, respectively; and concurrent expression of vacAs1 and vacAm1 in 30.4% of infected patients in the whole series. The prevalence of EBV was 14.1% in the whole population and was higher in GC ( P < .001). Coinfection of HP and EBV was found in 7.8% and was also higher in GC in univariate ( P < .001) and multivariate ( P = .011) analyses. Infection rates of HP and EBV were not associated with a geographic location in the whole series. Few clinicopathological features have been associated with infectious status. CONCLUSION Prevalence of HP infection and virulent strains are high in the Peruvian population. Infection by EBV was more frequent in patients with GC.

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Wang, Taiyao, Aris Paschalidis, Quanying Liu, Yingxia Liu, Ye Yuan i Ioannis Ch Paschalidis. "Predictive Models of Mortality for Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Retrospective Cohort Study". JMIR Medical Informatics 8, nr 10 (15.10.2020): e21788. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21788.

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Background The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease, COVID-19, have caused worldwide disruption, leading countries to take drastic measures to address the progression of the disease. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread, hospitals are struggling to allocate resources to patients who are most at risk. In this context, it has become important to develop models that can accurately predict the severity of infection of hospitalized patients to help guide triage, planning, and resource allocation. Objective The aim of this study was to develop accurate models to predict the mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using basic demographics and easily obtainable laboratory data. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 375 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The patients were randomly split into derivation and validation cohorts. Regularized logistic regression and support vector machine classifiers were trained on the derivation cohort, and accuracy metrics (F1 scores) were computed on the validation cohort. Two types of models were developed: the first type used laboratory findings from the entire length of the patient’s hospital stay, and the second type used laboratory findings that were obtained no later than 12 hours after admission. The models were further validated on a multicenter external cohort of 542 patients. Results Of the 375 patients with COVID-19, 174 (46.4%) died of the infection. The study cohort was composed of 224/375 men (59.7%) and 151/375 women (40.3%), with a mean age of 58.83 years (SD 16.46). The models developed using data from throughout the patients’ length of stay demonstrated accuracies as high as 97%, whereas the models with admission laboratory variables possessed accuracies of up to 93%. The latter models predicted patient outcomes an average of 11.5 days in advance. Key variables such as lactate dehydrogenase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and percentage of lymphocytes in the blood were indicated by the models. In line with previous studies, age was also found to be an important variable in predicting mortality. In particular, the mean age of patients who survived COVID-19 infection (50.23 years, SD 15.02) was significantly lower than the mean age of patients who died of the infection (68.75 years, SD 11.83; P<.001). Conclusions Machine learning models can be successfully employed to accurately predict outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Our models achieved high accuracies and could predict outcomes more than one week in advance; this promising result suggests that these models can be highly useful for resource allocation in hospitals.

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Shahangian, Shahram, Ana K. Stanković, Ira M. Lubin, James H. Handsfield i Mark D. White. "Results of a Survey of Hospital Coagulation Laboratories in the United States, 2001". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 129, nr 1 (1.01.2005): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2005-129-47-roasoh.

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Abstract Context.—Coagulation and bleeding problems are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and inappropriate testing practices may lead to bleeding or thrombotic complications. Objective.—To evaluate practices reported by hospital coagulation laboratories in the United States and to determine if the number of beds in a hospital was associated with different practices. Design.—From a sampling frame of institutions listed in the 1999 directory of the American Hospital Association, stratified into hospitals with 200 or more beds (“large hospitals”) and those with fewer than 200 beds (“small hospitals”), we randomly selected 425 large hospitals (sampling rate, 25.6%) and 375 small hospitals (sampling rate, 8.8%) and sent a survey to them between June and October 2001. Of these, 321 large hospitals (75.5%) and 311 small hospitals (82.9%) responded. Results.—An estimated 97.1% of respondents reported performing some coagulation laboratory tests. Of these, 71.6% reported using 3.2% sodium citrate as the specimen anticoagulant to determine prothrombin time (81.3% of large vs 67.7% of small hospitals, P < .001). Of the same respondents, 45.3% reported selecting thromboplastins insensitive to heparin in the therapeutic range when measuring prothrombin time (59.4% of large vs 39.8% of small hospitals, P < .001), and 58.8% reported having a therapeutic range for heparin (72.9% of large vs 53.2% of small hospitals, P < .001). An estimated 96.3% of respondents assayed specimens for activated partial thromboplastin time within 4 hours after phlebotomy, and 89.4% of respondents centrifuged specimens within 1 hour of collection. An estimated 12.1% reported monitoring low-molecular-weight heparin therapy, and to do so, 79% used an assay for activated partial thromboplastin time (58% of large vs 96% of small hospitals, P = .001), whereas 38% used an antifactor Xa assay (65% of large vs 18% of small hospitals, P = .001). Conclusions.—Substantial variability in certain laboratory practices was evident. Where significant differences existed between the hospital groups, usually large hospitals adhered to accepted practice guidelines to a greater extent. Some reported practices are not consistent with current recommendations, showing a need to understand the reasons for noncompliance so that better adherence to accepted standards of laboratory practice can be promoted.

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Rapp, Catherine M., Denise M. Koueiter, Jeremy Bojnowski, Jeremy Kalma, Brett Wiater, Michael D. Kurdziel i J. Michael Wiater. "Are Suture Tape Knots as Secure as Standard Suture? A Biomechanical Study". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, nr 10 (1.10.2021): 232596712110454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211045411.

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Background: Few studies have investigated the biomechanical performance of flat-braided suture tapes versus round-braided sutures after being knotted. Purpose: To compare the loop security and knot strength of a standard round-braided suture with 3 commercially available flat-braided suture tapes using 2 types of arthroscopic knots. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: One standard suture (SS) and 3 suture tapes (T1, T2, and T3) were tied with the surgeon’s knot (SK) and the Tennessee slider (TS), 25 times each, by a single surgeon. Each combination of knots and sutures underwent a preload, cyclic loading, and load to failure. Outcomes were loop security (defined by loop stretch after a 5-N preload), load at clinical failure (3 mm of displacement), and load at ultimate failure (suture rupture or knot slippage). Two-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. Results: Overall, the SK group had greater overall loop security than that of the TS group (0.4 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.3 mm of stretch, respectively; P = .020). The clinical failure load varied by suture type ( P < .001) but not knot type ( P = .106). For both knot types, the SS had the lowest mean ± SD clinical failure load (SK, 171 ± 49 N; TS, 176 ± 37 N), which was significantly less than that of T2 (247 ± 85 N; P < .001) and T3 (251 ± 96 N; P < .001) for the SK type and T2 (231 ± 67 N; P = .023) for the TS type. T2 sutures had the greatest ultimate failure load for both knot types (SK, 418 ± 45 N; TS, 461 ± 57 N), which was significantly greater than SS, T1, and T3 ( P < .001 for all). The TS knot had greater overall ultimate failure load than the SK (375 ± 64 vs 350 ± 66 N; P < .001). Conclusion: Not all suture tape knots had the same biomechanical properties, although knot security and strength appeared to be adequate for all suture tapes as well as for SS. There was no evidence that suture tape knots are lower profile than SS knots. Clinical Relevance: Surgeons should not use suture tape based only on the assumption that it has superior biomechanical properties to a standard round-braided suture.

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Li, Qingchuan, Yan Luximon i Jiaxin Zhang. "The Influence of Anthropomorphic Cues on Patients’ Perceived Anthropomorphism, Social Presence, Trust Building, and Acceptance of Health Care Conversational Agents: Within-Subject Web-Based Experiment". Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (10.08.2023): e44479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/44479.

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Background The last decade has witnessed the rapid development of health care conversational agents (CAs); however, there are still great challenges in making health care CAs trustworthy and acceptable to patients. Objective Focusing on intelligent guidance CAs, a type of health care CA for web-based patient triage, this study aims to investigate how anthropomorphic cues influence patients’ perceived anthropomorphism and social presence of such CAs and evaluate how these perceptions facilitate their trust-building process and acceptance behavior. Methods To test the research hypotheses, the video vignette methodology was used to evaluate patients’ perceptions and acceptance of various intelligent guidance CAs. The anthropomorphic cues of CAs were manipulated in a 3×2 within-subject factorial experiment with 103 participants, with the factors of agent appearance (high, medium, and low anthropomorphic levels) and verbal cues (humanlike and machine-like verbal cues) as the within-subject variables. Results The 2-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis indicated that the higher anthropomorphic level of agent appearance significantly increased mindful anthropomorphism (high level>medium level: 4.57 vs 4.27; P=.01; high level>low level: 4.57 vs 4.04; P<.001; medium level>low level: 4.27 vs 4.04; P=.04), mindless anthropomorphism (high level>medium level: 5.39 vs 5.01; P<.001; high level>low level: 5.39 vs 4.85; P<.001), and social presence (high level>medium level: 5.19 vs 4.83; P<.001; high level>low level: 5.19 vs 4.72; P<.001), and the higher anthropomorphic level of verbal cues significantly increased mindful anthropomorphism (4.83 vs 3.76; P<.001), mindless anthropomorphism (5.60 vs 4.57; P<.001), and social presence (5.41 vs 4.41; P<.001). Meanwhile, a significant interaction between agent appearance and verbal cues (.004) was revealed. Second, the partial least squares results indicated that privacy concerns were negatively influenced by social presence (β=−.375; t312=4.494) and mindful anthropomorphism (β=−.112; t312=1.970). Privacy concerns (β=−.273; t312=9.558), social presence (β=.265; t312=4.314), and mindless anthropomorphism (β=.405; t312=7.145) predicted the trust in CAs, which further promoted the intention to disclose information (β=.675; t312=21.163), the intention to continuously use CAs (β=.190; t312=4.874), and satisfaction (β=.818; t312=46.783). Conclusions The findings show that a high anthropomorphic level of agent appearance and verbal cues could improve the perceptions of mindful anthropomorphism and mindless anthropomorphism as well as social presence. Furthermore, mindless anthropomorphism and social presence significantly promoted patients’ trust in CAs, and mindful anthropomorphism and social presence decreased privacy concerns. It is also worth noting that trust was an important antecedent and determinant of patients’ acceptance of CAs, including their satisfaction, intention to disclose information, and intention to continuously use CAs.

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Shen, Chih Long, T. H. Sun, C. L. Chang, S. C. Chen, G. P. Lin, K. T. Huang, Sin Liang Ou i Po Cheng Kuo. "Magnetic Properties of Single-Layered Fe_100-xPt_x Films by Rapid Thermal Annealing". Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (sierpień 2010): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.723.

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Fe100-xPtx single-layered films with Pt contents (x) = 32~69 at.% were deposited on natural-oxidized Si(100) substrate by dc magnetron sputtering. Then the films were post-annealed at 700 °C for 3 min by a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) with a high heating ramp rate of 100 °C/sec. Experimental results show that FePt film presented (111) preferred orientation and tended to in-plane magnetic anisotropy as the content of Pt was 32 at.%. When the Pt content was increased to 55 at.%, (001)-textured FePt film was obtained and presented perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Its out-of-plane coercivity (Hc⊥), saturation magnetization (Ms) and out-of-plane squareness (S⊥) reached to 12.7 kOe, 375 emu/cm3 and 0.8, respectively. These results reveal its significant potential as perpendicular magnetic recording media for high-density recording. Further increasing the Pt content to 69 at.%, the coercivity of FePt film was decreased drastically to below 1 kOe and tended towards in-plane magnetic anisotropy.

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Romeyke, Tobias, Elisabeth Noehammer i Harald Stummer. "Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Inpatient Multimodal Treatment Approach in Chronic Pain-Related Rheumatic Diseases". Global Advances in Health and Medicine 9 (styczeń 2020): 216495612094881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956120948811.

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Introduction Musculoskeletal disorders may cause chronic pain, which is associated with deterioration in physical well-being, functions, and quality of life. There are worldwide shortfalls in the care that is provided to the affected patients. Holistic, interdisciplinary care is rare. Monomodal therapeutic approaches dominate when health-care resources are scarce. In this study, we test the patient-relevant outcomes of multimodal treatment for rheumatic diseases that are associated with pain and check for remuneration. Methods We performed a retrospective data analysis of an inpatient multimodal treatment. The target parameter was the patient perspective, which we assessed by means of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO). We applied the Visual Analogue Scale (mental and physical condition), the Heidelberg Short Early Risk Assessment Questionnaire, the Pain Disability Index, and the pain grading according to Kohlmann/Raspe (N = 375 patients). We also investigated compensation for inpatient treatments with and without multimodal treatments. Moreover, we compared Diagnosis-Related Group remuneration with and without complex treatment. Results After implementing a multimodal treatment, improved mental (mood) status was significantly better (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < . 001), despite high levels of pain (Kohlmann/Raspe) reported on admission. Apart from the underlying rheumatic disease, 111 patients also reported chronic back pain, which was improved following the treatment ( t test, P < . 001). Subjective impairments associated with pain were significantly lower at the end of the hospital stay (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < . 001). Compensation for inpatient treatments with multimodal treatments increased noticeably in German hospitals in 2016 to 2019, while remunerations for monomodal treatments show mixed results. Conclusion PROs regarding mood, pain, and perceived impairments improved following the multimodal complex treatment. Compensation of hospitals should take into account additional performance requirements of holistic treatments, whereby the promotion and further studies of PROs are recommended.

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Twibell, Renee Samples, Debra Siela, Cheryl Riwitis, Joe Wheatley, Tina Riegle, Denise Bousman, Sandra Cable i in. "Nurses’ Perceptions of Their Self-confidence and the Benefits and Risks of Family Presence During Resuscitation". American Journal of Critical Care 17, nr 2 (1.03.2008): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2008.17.2.101.

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Background Debate continues among nurses about the advantages and disadvantages of family presence during resuscitation. Knowledge development about such family presence is constrained by the lack of reliable and valid instruments to measure key variables. Objectives To test 2 instruments used to measure nurses’ perceptions of family presence during resuscitation, to explore demographic variables and perceptions of nurses’ self-confidence and the risks and benefits related to such family presence in a broad sample of nurses from multiple hospital units, and to examine differences in perceptions of nurses who have and who have not invited family presence. Methods Nurses (n = 375) completed the Family Presence Risk-Benefit Scale and the Family Presence Self-confidence Scale. Results Nurses’ perceptions of benefits, risks, and self-confidence were significantly and strongly interrelated. Nurses who invited family presence during resuscitation were significantly more self-confident in managing it and perceived more benefits and fewer risks (P < .001). Perceptions of more benefits and fewer risks were related to membership in professional organizations, professional certification, and working in an emergency department (P < .001). Data supported initial reliability and construct validity for the 2 scales. Conclusions Nurses’ perceptions of the risks and benefits of family presence during resuscitation vary widely and are associated with how often the nurses invite family presence. After further testing, the 2 new scales may be suitable for measuring interventional outcomes, serve as self-assessment tools, and add to conceptual knowledge about family presence.

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Cook, Sharlette, Khin Lay Maw, Sonal S. Munsiff, Paula I. Fujiwara i Thomas R. Frieden. "Prevalence of Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity and Conversions Among Healthcare Workers in New York City During 1994 to 2001". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, nr 11 (listopad 2003): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502141.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculin skin test positivity and conversion among New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene employees.Design:Point-prevalence survey and prospective cohort analysis. Sentinel surveillance was conducted from March 1,1994, to December 31, 2001.Participants:HCWs in high-risk and low-risk settings for occupational TB exposure.Results:Baseline tuberculin positivity was 36.2% (600 of 1,658), 15.5% (143 of 922) among HCWs born in the United States, and 48.5% (182 of 375) among HCWs not born in the United States. There were 36 tuberculin conversions during 2,754 observation-years (rate, 1.3 per 100 person-years). For HCWs born in the United States, the risk for tuberculin conversion was greater in high-risk occupational settings compared with low-risk settings (OR 5.7; CI95, 1.7–19.2;P< .01). HCWs not born in the United States and those employed at the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) were at high risk for baseline tuberculin positivity (OR, 3.2; CI95,1.7–5.8;P< .001); OCME HCWs (OR 4.7; CI95, 2.3–9.4;P< .001), those of Asian ethnicity (OR 4.3; CI95,1.4–13.5;P< .01), and older HCWs (OR, 1.0; CI95,1.0–1.1;p< .05) were at a higher risk for conversion.Conclusions:Although the prevalence of tuberculin positivity decreased after the peak of the recent TB epidemic in New York City, the conversion rate among HCWs in high-risk occupational settings for TB exposure was still greater than that among HCWs in low-risk settings. Continued surveillance of occupational TB infection is needed, especially among high-risk HCWs.

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Kim, Soojin, Joo-Hyun Lee, Jihye Heo i Eunwook Chang. "Differences of Thigh Muscle Activation During Various Squat Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces". Exercise Science 30, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15857/ksep.2021.30.3.387.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare thigh muscle activities and muscle co-activation when performing squats, wall squats, and Spanish squats on stable and unstable ground.METHODS: Twenty-two healthy male subjects (age: 22.50±2.70 years, height: 178.72±6.04 cm, mass: 76.50±6.80 kg, body mass index: 24.00±2.10 kg/m2, and Godin activity questionnaire: 56.30±24.10) voluntarily participated in the study. All of the participants performed three different squat exercises on the floor and the BOSU ball with an electromyograph attached to each participant’s quadriceps (rectus femoris, RF; vastus lateralis, VL; and vastus medialis, VM) and hamstrings (biceps femoris, BF; semitendinosus, ST; and semimembranosus, SM). Repeated measures of analysis of variance were utilized to compare muscle activity during the three squats exercises by floor type.RESULTS: RF (p<.001, η2=.689), VL (p<.001, η2=.622), and VM (p=.002, η2=.375) showed significant differences between exercises. Spanish squats yielded greater BF activity than did wall squats (p=.018, η2=.269). ST yielded greater muscle activity with the BOSU ball than on the floor (p=.018, η2=.269). Finally, there was a significant ground exercise interaction effect on the co-activation, showing greater muscle co-activation with Spanish squats on the BOSU ball compared to squats, squats on the BOSU ball, and wall squat on the BOSU ball.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that Spanish squats could be an effective exercise option for the facilitation of RF, VL, VM, and BF muscle activation. In particular, performing Spanish squats on an unstable surface could be useful for patients who need to improve their quadriceps muscle activation.

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Holt, Cheryl L., Erin K. Tagai, Sherie Lou Zara Santos, Mary Ann Scheirer, Janice Bowie, Muhiuddin Haider i Jimmie Slade. "Web-based versus in-person methods for training lay community health advisors to implement health promotion workshops: participant outcomes from a cluster-randomized trial". Translational Behavioral Medicine 9, nr 4 (28.06.2018): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/iby065.

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Abstract Project HEAL (Health through Early Awareness and Learning) is an implementation trial that compared two methods of training lay peer community health advisors (CHAs)—in-person (“Traditional”) versus web-based (“Technology”)—to conduct a series of three evidence-based cancer educational workshops in African American churches. This analysis reports on participant outcomes from Project HEAL. Fifteen churches were randomized to the two CHA training methods and the intervention impact was examined over 24 months. This study was conducted in Prince George’s County, MD, and enrolled 375 church members age 40–75. Participants reported on knowledge and screening behaviors for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer. Overall, cancer knowledge in all areas increased during the study period (p < .001). There were significant increases in digital rectal exam (p < .05), fecal occult blood test (p < .001), and colonoscopy (p < .01) at 24 months; however, this did not differ by study group. Mammography maintenance (56% overall) was evidenced by women reporting multiple mammograms within the study period. Participants attending all three workshops were more likely to report a fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy at 24 months (p < .05) than those who attended only one. These findings suggest that lay individuals can receive web-based training to successfully implement an evidence-based health promotion intervention that results in participant-level outcomes comparable with (a) people trained using the traditional classroom method and (b) previous efficacy trials. Findings have implications for resources and use of technology to increase widespread dissemination of evidence-based health promotion interventions through training lay persons in community settings.

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van Oers, Marinus H. J., Martine Van Glabbeke, Livia Giurgea, Richard Klasa, Robert E. Marcus, Max Wolf, Eva Kimby i in. "Rituximab Maintenance Treatment of Relapsed/Resistant Follicular Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Long-Term Outcome of the EORTC 20981 Phase III Randomized Intergroup Study". Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, nr 17 (10.06.2010): 2853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.26.5827.

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Purpose In 2006, we published the results of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase III trial EORTC 20981 on the role of rituximab in remission induction and maintenance treatment of relapsed/resistant follicular lymphoma (FL). At that time, the median follow-up for the maintenance phase was 33 months. Now, we report the long-term outcome of maintenance treatment, with a median follow-up of 6 years. Patients and Methods Overall, 465 patients were randomly assigned to induction with either six cycles of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (CHOP) or rituximab plus CHOP (R-CHOP). Those in complete remission or partial remission after induction (n = 334) were randomly assigned to maintenance treatment with rituximab (375 mg/m2 intravenously once every 3 months) or observation. Results Rituximab maintenance significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with observation (median, 3.7 years v 1.3 years; P < .001; hazard ratio [HR], 0.55), both after CHOP induction (P < .001; HR, 0.37) and R-CHOP (P = .003; HR, 0.69). The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 74% in the rituximab maintenance arm, and it was 64% in the observation arm (P = .07). After progression, a rituximab-containing salvage therapy was given to 59% of patients treated with CHOP followed by observation, compared with 26% after R-CHOP followed by rituximab maintenance. Rituximab maintenance was associated with a significant increase in grades 3 to 4 infections: 9.7% v 2.4% (P = .01). Conclusion With long-term follow-up, we confirm the superior PFS with rituximab maintenance in relapsed/resistant FL. The improvement of OS did not reach statistical significance, possibly because of the unbalanced use of rituximab in post-protocol salvage treatment.

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Prassas, Dimitrios, Michael Zaczek, Stephan Oliver David, Wolfram Trudo Knoefel i Sascha Vaghiri. "Routine closed-suction drainage reduces seromas following totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair: A meta-analysis". Medicine 103, nr 11 (15.03.2024): e37412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000037412.

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Background: The value of prophylactic closed-suction drainage in totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) is still a matter of controversy. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies examining postoperative seroma rates in patients with or without routine placement of closed-suction drainage tubes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for trials comparing the outcome of TEP with or without routine drainage placement. Data regarding postoperative outcomes were extracted and compared by meta-analysis. The odds ratio and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Four studies were identified, involving a total of 1626 cases (Drain: n = 1251, no Drain: n = 375). There was a statistically significant difference noted between the 2 groups regarding postoperative seroma formation favoring the Drain group (odds ratio = 0.12; 95% confidence intervals [0.05, 0.29]; P < .001; 4 studies; I 2 = 72%). For the remaining secondary endpoints postoperative urinary retention, recurrence, mesh infection and in-hospital length of stay no statistically significant difference was noted between the 2 study groups. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that patients who underwent TEP with routine closed-suction drain placement developed significantly fewer seromas without any additional morbidity or prolongation of in-hospital stay.

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Fan, Bicheng, Pradeep Dewapriya, Fengjie Li, Martina Blümel i Deniz Tasdemir. "Pyrenosetins A–C, New Decalinoylspirotetramic Acid Derivatives Isolated by Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking from the Seaweed-Derived Fungus Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-001". Marine Drugs 18, nr 1 (11.01.2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18010047.

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Marine algae represent a prolific source of filamentous fungi for bioprospecting. In continuation of our search for new anticancer leads from fungi derived from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus, an endophytic Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-001 was selected for an in-depth chemical analysis. The crude fungal extract inhibited several cancer cell lines in vitro, and the highest anticancer activity was tracked to its CHCl3–soluble portion. A bioactivity-based molecular networking approach was applied to C18-SPE fractions of the CHCl3 subextract to predict the bioactivity scores of metabolites in the fractions and to aid targeted purification of anticancer metabolites. This approach led to a rapid isolation of three new decalinoylspirotetramic acid derivatives, pyrenosetins A–C (1–3) and the known decalin tetramic acid phomasetin (4). The structures of the compounds were elucidated by extensive NMR, HR-ESIMS, FT-IR spectroscopy, [α]D and Mosher’s ester method. Compounds 1 and 2 showed high anticancer activity against malignant melanoma cell line A-375 (IC50 values 2.8 and 6.3 μM, respectively), in line with the bioactivity predictions. This is the first study focusing on secondary metabolites of a marine-derived Pyrenochaetopsis sp. and the second investigation performed on the member of the genus Pyrenochaetopsis.

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Eberman, Lindsey, Stephanie Mazerolle Singe i Christianne M. Eason. "Formal and Informal Work-Life Balance Practices of Athletic Trainers in Collegiate and University Settings". Journal of Athletic Training 54, nr 5 (1.05.2019): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-245-17.

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Context Organizational policies for work-life balance exist, but little is known about athletic trainers' (ATs') awareness of and willingness to use them. Objective To explore ATs' formal and informal work-life balance policies in the collegiate and university athletic training setting. Design Sequential mixed-methods study. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants We sent 4673 e-mails to National Athletic Trainers' Association ATs (full-time employment for at least 1 year, nonacademic appointment); 1221 participants began our survey (access rate = 26.1%), and 783 completed the survey (64.1% completion rate). Demographics were as follows: men = 375 (48.0%) and women = 404 (51.7%); age = 36 ± 10 years; experience = 13 ± 9 years; years at current place of employment = 8 ± 8 years; and participants with children or minor dependents = 262 (33.5%). Main Outcome Measure(s) We created a 17-item instrument from an earlier qualitative study. A panel of experts (n = 3; employer, employee, and researcher) completed a content analysis. Variables of interest were confidence (scale = 1–4) and satisfaction (scale = 1–5) with policies. We used Pearson χ2 analyses to compare the effect of undergoing an orientation and the presence or absence of children on the main outcome measures. Results A majority of participants had experienced formal orientation through the human resources department (n = 522, 66.8%), the direct supervisor (n = 240, 30.7%), or a colleague (n = 114, 14.6%). However, many had received no orientation (n = 184, 23.6%). Those who had undergone orientation indicated greater confidence in knowing about (P < .001) and greater satisfaction with (P < .001) formal workplace policies and benefits. Those with children stated that they had greater confidence in knowing about (P < .001) and greater satisfaction with (P = .013) formal workplace policies and benefits. Those who had been oriented felt greater confidence in knowing about (P = .009) but no difference in satisfaction with (P = .060) informal workplace policies and benefits. We did not identify differences between those with and those without children regarding their confidence in knowing about (P = .653) or satisfaction with (P = .150) informal workplace policies and benefits. Conclusions Athletic trainers in the collegiate and university setting were not confident in their knowledge of formal or informal work-life balance policies.

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Wieland, Mark L., Thomas J. Beckman, Stephen S. Cha, Timothy J. Beebe i Furman S. McDonald. "Residents' Attitudes and Behaviors Regarding Care for Underserved Patients: A Multi-Institutional Survey". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 3, nr 3 (1.09.2011): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-03-03-41.

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Abstract Background Resident physicians often encounter underprivileged patients before other providers, yet little is known about residents' attitudes and behaviors regarding these patients. Objective To measure US resident physician attitudes regarding topics relevant to medically underserved patients, their behaviors (volunteerism) with underserved patients, and the association between attitudes and behaviors. Methods In 2007 and 2008, 956 surveys on resident attitudes and behaviors about underserved patients were distributed to 18 residency programs in the United States. Survey content was based on existing literature and an expert needs assessment. The attitude assessment had 15 items with 3-point scales (range 0–1). The behavior assessment evaluated volunteering for underserved patients in the past, present, and future. Results A total of 498 surveys (response rate = 52%) were completed. Attitudes regarding underserved patients were generally positive and more favorable for women than men (overall attitude score 0.83 versus 0.74; P = < .001). Rates of volunteering for underserved patients were high in medical school (N = 375, 76%) and anticipated future practice (N = 409, 84%), yet low during residency (N = 95, 19%). Respondents who volunteered regularly had more favorable attitudes than those who did not volunteer (overall average attitude score of 0.81 versus 0.73; P = <.001). Relationships between hours volunteered per-week and favorable attitudes about topics related to the underserved were significant across all 15 items in medical school and anticipated future practice (P value range of .035 to <.0001). Conclusions This survey revealed that US residents' attitudes towards topics regarding medically underserved populations are generally favorable. Rates of volunteerism for underserved patients were higher in medical school than during residency, and resident's anticipated rates of volunteerism in future practice volunteerism were approximately the same as rates of volunteerism in medical school. Resident attitudes are strongly correlated with volunteerism.

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Fan, Bicheng, Laura Grauso, Fengjie Li, Silvia Scarpato, Alfonso Mangoni i Deniz Tasdemir. "Application of Feature-Based Molecular Networking for Comparative Metabolomics and Targeted Isolation of Stereoisomers from Algicolous Fungi". Marine Drugs 20, nr 3 (16.03.2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20030210.

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Seaweed endophytic (algicolous) fungi are talented producers of bioactive natural products. We have previously isolated two strains of the endophytic fungus, Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-001 and FVE-087, from the thalli of the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. Initial chemical studies yielded four new decalinoylspirotetramic acid derivatives with antimelanoma activity, namely pyrenosetins A–C (1–3) from Pyrenochaetopsis sp. strain FVE-001, and pyrenosetin D (4) from strain FVE-087. In this study, we applied a comparative metabolomics study employing HRMS/MS based feature-based molecular networking (FB MN) on both Pyrenochaetopsis strains. A higher chemical capacity in production of decalin derivatives was observed in Pyrenochaetopsis sp. FVE-087. Notably, several decalins showed different retention times despite the same MS data and MS/MS fragmentation pattern with the previously isolated pyrenosetins, indicating they may be their stereoisomers. FB MN-based targeted isolation studies coupled with antimelanoma activity testing on the strain FVE-087 afforded two new stereoisomers, pyrenosetins E (5) and F (6). Extensive NMR spectroscopy including DFT computational studies, HR-ESIMS, and Mosher’s ester method were used in the structure elucidation of compounds 5 and 6. The 3’R,5’R stereochemistry determined for compound 6 was identical to that previously reported for pyrenosetin C (3), whose stereochemistry was revised as 3’S,5’R in this study. Pyrenosetin E (5) inhibited the growth of human malignant melanoma cells (A-375) with an IC50 value of 40.9 μM, while 6 was inactive. This study points out significant variations in the chemical repertoire of two closely related fungal strains and the versatility of FB MN in identification and targeted isolation of stereoisomers. It also confirms that the little-known fungal genus Pyrenochaetopsis is a prolific source of complex decalinoylspirotetramic acid derivatives.

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Zuo, Yuetao, Xueyue Zhang, Shiyu Zuo, Xiaosong Ren, Zhaoyue Liu, Ling Dong i Jing Li. "Changes of Stem Characteristics, Senescence Indexes and Yield and Quality of Wintering Rye under Different Populations". Sustainability 13, nr 12 (18.06.2021): 6876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126876.

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In response to the production crisis caused by a winter feed shortage due to the rapid development of the animal husbandry industry, winter rye 001 was selected to study differences in stalk and senescence characteristics in yield formation in cold regions. Five density treatments were established in a randomized design as 225 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D1), 275 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D2), 325 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D3), 375 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D4), and 425 × 104 plant·hm−2 (D5). Stem characteristics, SOD activity, POD activity, MDA content, and differences in yield and feeding quality under different population densities were analyzed. The plant height, center of gravity, and stem basal internode length showed an increasing trend with an increase in planting density. The stem wall thickness, diameter, strength, and lodging resistance indices decreased. At 275 × 104 plants·hm−2, the rye crude protein content was the highest while neutral washing fiber and acid washing fiber were the lowest, and feed quality was the best. With an increase in density, spike number, grain number per spike, and thousand-grain weight first increased and then decreased. We concluded that the yield and feeding quality were best when the basic seedling was at 275 × 104 plants hm−2.

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Illidge, Tim M., Mike Bayne, Nicholas S. Brown, Samantha Chilton, Mark S. Cragg, Martin J. Glennie, Yong Du i in. "Phase 1/2 study of fractionated 131I-rituximab in low-grade B-cell lymphoma: the effect of prior rituximab dosing and tumor burden on subsequent radioimmunotherapy". Blood 113, nr 7 (12.02.2009): 1412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-08-175653.

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Abstract The effect of induction therapy with multiple doses of rituximab on the subsequent efficacy and toxicity of anti-CD20 radioimmunotherapy is unknown. We evaluated a novel protocol using 4 weekly infusions of 375 mg/m2 rituximab followed by 2 fractions of 131I-rituximab, preceded by a 100-mg/m2 predose of rituximab, in relapsed indolent B-cell lymphoma. Induction therapy with rituximab significantly increased the effective half-life of 131I-rituximab (P = .003) and high serum levels of rituximab after induction therapy correlated with increased effective half-life of the radioimmunoconjugate (P = .009). Patients with large tumor burdens experienced significant increases in the effective half-life of 131I-rituximab between delivery of the first and second fractions (P = .007). Induction therapy with multiple doses of rituximab did not appear to compromise the clinical efficacy or increase toxicity of subsequent 131I-rituximab radioimmunotherapy. The overall response rate was 94%, with complete response rate 50%. The median time to progression was 20 months, significantly longer than for the last qualifying chemotherapy (P = .001). Fractionation of 131I-rituximab allowed cumulative whole-body doses of more than 120 cGy, approximately 60% greater than those previously achieved with a single administration of a murine radioimmunconjugate, to be delivered without significant hematologic toxicity.

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Dr. Sangurah Ramari Mukhebi Robbert. "POLICY ENVIRONMENT AND GROWTH OF (WO)-MEN OWNED MSEs IN KENYA". International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 5, nr 11 (4.11.2023): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v5i11.600.

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There is a growing discourse about a powerful untapped economic force in Kenya, the (wo)-men. The debate has triggered political pronouncements and the formulation of female-specific empowerment policies through entrepreneurship, which was the basis of this study. The study analyzed the influence of resource support on their MSEs’ growth. The study design was a Cross-sectional Survey, anchored on Resource-based Theory. It based on a Positivist Paradigm and applied a Quantitative Multi-method approach. Using multi-stage sampling, 375 adult female entrepreneurs participated in the study. Data was analyzed through inferential methods; correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination. The results revealed there being strong relationship. For example, first step results showed significant indirect relationship of entrepreneur’s traits on growth through resource support, b= .0199, BCa CI (.0110, .0304) and R2 (R-sq med .1391). Also, considering the Preacher and Kelley Kappa-squared, k2=.1755, 95% BCa CI (.1130, .2341), there is a significant indirect relationship between entrepreneur’s traits and performance through resource support, meaning that there are other mediators other than entrepreneurs’ profile. This was further supported by the normal theory tests for indirect effect where b=.0199, z=4.4065 and p=<.001. Keywords: Venture Growth, Resource Support Programs, (Wo)Men-Owned Mse Growth, Cross-Sectional Survey.

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O’Brien, Susan M., Hagop Kantarjian, Deborah A. Thomas, Francis J. Giles, Emil J. Freireich, Jorge Cortes, Susan Lerner i Michael J. Keating. "Rituximab Dose-Escalation Trial in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Journal of Clinical Oncology 19, nr 8 (15.04.2001): 2165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2001.19.8.2165.

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PURPOSE: To conduct a dose-escalation trial of rituximab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), to evaluate first-dose reactions in patients with high circulating lymphocyte counts, and to assess the efficacy at higher versus lower doses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with CLL (n = 40) or other mature B-cell lymphoid leukemias (n = 10) were treated with four weekly infusions of rituximab. The first dose was 375 mg/m2 for all patients; dose- escalation began with dose 2 but was held constant for each patient. Escalated doses were from 500 to 2,250 mg/m2. RESULTS: Toxicity with the first dose (375 mg/m2) was noted in 94% of patients but was grade 1 or 2 in most, predominantly fever and chills. Six patients (12%) experienced severe toxicity with the first dose, including fever, chills, dyspnea, and hypoxia in all six patients, hypotension in five, and hypertension in one. Toxicity on subsequent doses was minimal until a dose of 2,250 mg/m2 was achieved. Eight (67%) of 12 patients had grade 2 toxicity, including fever, chills, nausea, and malaise, although no patient had grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Severe toxicity with the first dose was significantly more common in patients with other B-cell leukemias, occurring in five (50%) of 10 patients versus one (2%) of 40 patients with CLL (P < .001). The overall response rate was 40%; all responses in patients with CLL were partial remissions. Response rates were 36% in CLL and 60% in other B-cell lymphoid leukemias. Response was correlated with dose: 22% for patients treated at 500 to 825 mg/m2, 43% for those treated at 1,000 to 1,500 mg/m2, and 75% for those treated at the highest dose of 2,250 mg/m2 (P = .007). The median time to disease progression was 8 months. Myelosuppression and infections were uncommon. CONCLUSION: Rituximab has significant activity in patients with CLL at the higher dose levels. Severe first-dose reactions were uncommon in patients with CLL, even with high circulating lymphocyte counts, but were frequent in patients with other mature B-cell leukemias in which CD20 surface expression is increased. Efficacy of rituximab was also significant in this group of patients.

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Nkosi-Gondwe, Thandile, Bjarne Robberstad, Mavuto Mukaka, Richard Idro, Robert O. Opoka, Saidon Banda, Melf-Jakob Kühl, Feiko O. Ter Kuile, Bjorn Blomberg i Kamija S. Phiri. "Adherence to community versus facility-based delivery of monthly malaria chemoprevention with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the post-discharge management of severe anemia in Malawian children: A cluster randomized trial". PLOS ONE 16, nr 9 (10.09.2021): e0255769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255769.

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Background The provision of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PMC) in children recently admitted with severe anemia reduces the risk of death and re-admissions in malaria endemic countries. The main objective of this trial was to identify the most effective method of delivering dihydroartemesinin-piperaquine to children recovering from severe anemia. Methods This was a 5-arm, cluster-randomized trial among under-5 children hospitalized with severe anemia at Zomba Central Hospital in Southern Malawi. Children were randomized to receive three day treatment doses of dihydroartemesinin-piperaquine monthly either; 1) in the community without a short text reminder; 2) in the community with a short message reminder; 3) in the community with a community health worker reminder; 4) at the facility without a short text reminder; or 5) at the facility with a short message reminder. The primary outcome measure was adherence to all treatment doses of dihydroartemesinin-piperaquine and this was assessed by pill-counts done by field workers during home visits. Poisson regression was utilized for analysis. Results Between March 2016 and October 2018, 1460 clusters were randomized. A total of 667 children were screened and 375 from 329 clusters were eligible and enrolled from the hospital. Adherence was higher in all three community-based compared to the two facility-based delivery (156/221 [70·6%] vs. 78/150 [52·0%], IRR = 1·24,95%CI 1·06–1·44, p = 0·006). This was observed in both the SMS group (IRR = 1·41,1·21–1·64, p<0·001) and in the non-SMS group (IRR = 1·37,1·18–1·61, p<0·001). Although adherence was higher among SMS recipients (98/148 66·2%] vs. non-SMS 82/144 (56·9%), there was no statistical evidence that SMS reminders resulted in greater adherence ([IRR = 1·03,0·88–1·21, p = 0·68). When compared to the facility-based non-SMS arm (control arm), community-based delivery utilizing CHWs resulted in higher adherence [39/76 (51·3%) vs. 54/79 (68·4%), IRR = 1·32, 1·14–1·54, p<0·001]. Interpretation Community-based delivery of dihydroartemesinin-piperaquine for post-discharge malaria chemoprevention in children recovering from severe anemia resulted in higher adherence compared to facility-based methods. Trial registration NCT02721420; ClinicalTrials.gov.

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Ye, Yuanchun, Ouyang Ge, Chuanbing Zang, Leina Yu, Jan Eucker i Yuling Chen. "LINC01094 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer and is Correlated With EMT and Macrophage Infiltration". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 21 (styczeń 2022): 153303382210809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338221080977.

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Objectives: The novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01094 is often upregulated in renal cell carcinoma and glioma; however, its role in gastric cancer remains unclear. Here, we aim to demonstrate the relationship between LINC01094 and gastric cancer. Method: The gene expression (RNASeq) data of 375 patients with localized, locally advanced, and metastatic gastric cancer were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the relationship between the clinicopathological characteristics and LINC01094 expression. Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier method were used to assess prognostic factors of gastric cancer. A nomogram based on Cox multivariate analysis was used to predict the impact of LINC01094 on gastric cancer prognosis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify key LINC01094-associated signaling pathways. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to detect the location of LINC01094 in the tissue, and a competing endogenous (ce)RNA network was constructed to identify LINC01094-related genes. Spearman's rank correlation was used to elucidate the association between LINC01094 expression level and immune cell infiltration level. Result: LINC01094 expression was upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and strongly associated with overall survival using univariate Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.476, 95% CI = 1.060-2.054, P = .021) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.535, 95% CI = 1.021-2.308, P = .039). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LINC01094 was 0.910. GSEA showed a strong relationship between LINC01094 and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. RNA-FISH demonstrated that LINC01094 localized in the cytoplasm. It was closely related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker SNAI2, according to ceRNA ( R = 0.61, P < .001), and macrophage-related gene FCGR2A. Macrophages were also significantly positively correlated with LINC01094 expression ( R = 0.747, P < .001). Conclusion: High LINC01094 expression predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer and is correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and macrophage infiltration.

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Tsang, Catherine, Siobhan Higgins, Garry G. Duthie, Susan J. Duthie, Moira Howie, William Mullen, Michael E. J. Lean i Alan Crozier. "The influence of moderate red wine consumption on antioxidant status and indices of oxidative stress associated with CHD in healthy volunteers". British Journal of Nutrition 93, nr 2 (luty 2005): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041311.

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The effects of moderate red wine consumption on the antioxidant status and indices of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress associated with CHD were investigated. A randomised, controlled study was performed with twenty free-living healthy volunteers. Subjects in the red wine group consumed 375 ml red wine daily for 2 weeks. We measured the total concentration of phenolics and analysed the individual phenolics in the wine and plasma by HPLC with tandem MS. The antioxidant capacity of plasma was measured with electron spin resonance spectroscopy while homocysteine and fasting plasma lipids were also determined. The production of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in Cu-oxidised LDL. Plasma total phenolic concentrations increased significantly after 2 weeks of daily red wine consumption (P≤0·001) and trace levels of metabolites, mainly glucuronides and methyl glucuronides of (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin, were detected in the plasma of the red wine group. These flavan-3-ol metabolites were not detected in plasma from the control group. The maximum concentrations of conjugated dienes and TBARS in Cu-oxidised LDL were reduced (P≤0·05) and HDL cholesterol concentrations increased (P≤0·05) following red wine consumption. The findings from the present study provide some evidence for potential protective effects of moderate consumption of red wine in healthy volunteers.

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Treon, Steven P., Jacob D. Soumerai, Andrew R. Branagan, Zachary R. Hunter, Christopher J. Patterson, Leukothea Ioakimidis, Frederick M. Briccetti i in. "Thalidomide and rituximab in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia". Blood 112, nr 12 (1.12.2008): 4452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-04-150854.

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Abstract Thalidomide enhances rituximab-mediated, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We therefore conducted a phase 2 study using thalidomide and rituximab in symptomatic Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) patients naive to either agent. Intended therapy consisted of daily thalidomide (200 mg for 2 weeks, then 400 mg for 50 weeks) and rituximab (375 mg/m2 per week) dosed on weeks 2 to 5 and 13 to 16. Twenty-five patients were enrolled, 20 of whom were untreated. Responses were complete response (n = 1), partial response (n = 15), and major response (n = 2), for overall and major response rate of 72% and 64%, respectively, on an intent-to-treat basis. Median serum IgM decreased from 3670 to 1590 mg/dL (P < .001), whereas median hematocrit rose from 33.0% to 37.6% (P = .004) at best response. Median time to progression for responders was 38 months. Peripheral neuropathy to thalidomide was the most common adverse event. Among 11 patients experiencing grade 2 or greater neuropathy, 10 resolved to grade 1 or less at a median of 6.7 months. Thalidomide in combination with rituximab is active and produces long-term responses in WM. Lower doses of thalidomide (ie, ≤ 200 mg/day) should be considered given the high frequency of treatment-related neuropathy in this patient population. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00142116.

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Sandry, Joshua, Jessica Paxton i James F. Sumowski. "General Mathematical Ability Predicts PASAT Performance in MS Patients: Implications for Clinical Interpretation and Cognitive Reserve". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, nr 3 (29.01.2016): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715001307.

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AbstractObjectives: The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) is used to assess cognitive status in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the mathematical demands of the PASAT seem minor (single-digit arithmetic), cognitive psychology research links greater mathematical ability (e.g., algebra, calculus) to more rapid retrieval of single-digit math facts (e.g., 5+6=11). The present study evaluated the hypotheses that (a) mathematical ability is related to PASAT performance and (b) both the relationship between intelligence and PASAT performance as well as the relationship between education and PASAT performance are both mediated by mathematical ability. Methods: Forty-five MS patients were assessed using the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading, PASAT and Calculation Subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson-III. Regression based path analysis and bootstrapping were used to compute 95% confidence intervals and test for mediation. Results: Mathematical ability (a) was related to PASAT (β=.61; p<.001) and (b) fully mediated the relationship between Intelligence and PASAT (β=.76; 95% confidence interval (CI95)=.28, 1.45; direct effect of Intelligence, β=.42; CI95=−.39, 1.23) as well as the relationship between Education and PASAT (β=2.43, CI95=.81, 5.16, direct effect of Education, β=.83, CI95=−1.95, 3.61). Discussion: Mathematical ability represents a source of error in the clinical interpretation of cognitive decline using the PASAT. Domain-specific cognitive reserve is discussed. (JINS, 2016, 22, 375–378)

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Stilgenbauer, Stephan, Barbara F. Eichhorst, Raymonde Busch, Thorsten Zenz, Dirk Winkler, Andreas Bühler, Valentin Goede i in. "Biologic and Clinical Markers for Outcome after Fludarabine (F) or F Plus Cyclophosphamide (FC) - Comprehensive Analysis of the CLL4 Trial of the GCLLSG." Blood 112, nr 11 (16.11.2008): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2089.2089.

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Abstract The CLL4 trial evaluated 1st line treatment with F or FC among 375 CLL patients up to 65 years (Eichhorst et al., Blood, 2006). Updated follow-up (median 52.8 months (mo) for alive patients) revealed 50.4% events for progression-free survival (PFS) and 24.5% for overall survival (OS). Comparing the treatment arms, significant differences were observed in favor of FC for CR (19.9% vs 5.9%, p<.001), CR+PR (94.7% vs 82.4%, p<.001), and PFS (median 67.8 vs 43.7 mo, p=.002) but not for OS (median n.r. vs 84.6 mo, p=.191). The incidences of genomic aberrations by FISH (n=321) were 13q- 50.5%, 13q- single 36.0%, 11q- 21.1%, +12 13.6%, and 17p- 5.0%. No aberration was found in 25.9%. TP53 mutations (n=340) were observed in 8.8%. VH status (n=340) was unmutated in 64.3% and V3–21 was rearranged in 5.9%. ZAP70 (n=236) was >20% in 37.7% and CD38 (n=259) was >7% in 47.9%. β2-MG and TK (both n=261) were >5 mg/L in 13.8% and > 10U/L in 73.0%, respectively. The distributions of these biologic markers and the major clinical characteristics (age: median 59 (42–65) years, sex: 73.1% male, stage: Binet A 9.2%, B 55.4%, C 35.4%, LDH > 250U/L: 39.2%, lymphocytes > 50/nl: 57.1%, comorbidities >1: 21.4%, and creatinine clearance were not significantly different between treatment arms. Outcome was analyzed for subgroups defined by the clinical and biologic parameters in univariate analyses for the entire population (i.e. both treatment arms combined). PFS was significantly shorter for 11q-, 17p- (Fig.1), TP53 mutation, elevated TK and LDH. OS was significantly shorter for the same parameters and unmutated VH, elevated β2-MG, and >1 comorbidities. All except 2 patients with 17p- had TP53 mutations. There were 13 additional cases with TP53 mutation without 17p-. OS was similarly poor for TP53 mutation without 17p- as compared to 17p- and all other cases (OS at 48 mo: 25.9%, 21.4%, and 84.6%, respectively, p<.001) (Fig. 2). To investigate specific treatment effects, the efficacy of F and FC was compared in subgroups defined by biologic markers. PFS was longer after FC only for the subgroups with unmutated VH (p=.005), no aberration (p=.010), 11q- (p=.017), unmutated TP53 (p=.001), CD38 >7% (p=.011), and β2MG <5mg/L (p=.009). OS was significantly longer after FC only in the subgroups with 11q- (p=.037), +12 (p=.044), and unmutated TP53 (p=.029). Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression with backward selection including all clinical and biologic parameters in addition to the treatment arms. Regarding PFS, independent prognostic factors were FC (HR 0.68, p=.047), TK (HR 1.62, p=.051), 11q- (HR 1.66, p=.015), and TP53 mutation (HR 4.16, p<.001). Similarly, for OS independent factors were FC (HR 0.56, p=.033), TK (HR 2.79, p=.009), 11q- (HR 1.98, p=.015), and TP53 mutation (HR 11.61, p<.001). If TP53 mutation was not included in the analyses, 17p- entered the model as significant factor (PFS: HR 3.60, p=.003, OS: HR 12.64, p<.001). In summary, biologic parameters are the major determinants of outcome after 1st line treatment with F and FC in CLL. The overall improvement after FC as compared to F appears to result from specific treatment effects in distinct biologic subgroups. However, in comprehensive multivariate analysis, TP53 mutation, 11q-, and TK > 10 remain predictors for PFS and OS independently of the improvement by FC. TP53 mutation and 17p-, although largely overlapping, deserve further evaluation for their independent impact. Fig. 1 Fig. 1. Fig. 2 Fig. 2.

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