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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "316l(N)"
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Dalla Palma, Mauro. "Modelling of cyclic plasticity for austenitic stainless steels 304L, 316L, 316L(N)-IG". Fusion Engineering and Design 109-111 (listopad 2016): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.03.064.
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Ahmad Fikri, Agam Muarif, Rizka Mulyawan i Nursakinah. "Analisis Tegangan Pada Bone Plate Stainless Steel 316L untuk Aplikasi Biomateria". Current Biochemistry 10, nr 1 (1.09.2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/cb.10.1.3.
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Biomaterial adalah material yang digunakan untuk mengganti struktur biologis yang hilang atau sakit. Material ini harus dapat diterima oleh tubuh. Salah satu biomaterial yang paling banyak digunakan untuk aplikasi bone plate adalah stainless steel 316L. Saat diaplikasikan pada tubuh pasien, material ini akan mendapatkan beban sejajar permukaan. Beban ini merupakan beban yang cukup dominan diterima oleh bone plate stainless steel 316L. Beban yang diterima bone plate stainless steel 316L akan berubah dan bervariasi. Sehingga perlu dilakukan simulasi tegangan degan memberikan gaya tekan pada bone plate stainless steel 316L. Simulasi tegangan dilakukan dengan menggambar dan menganalisis tegangan dengan menggunakan Autodesk Fusion 360. Selanjutnya material tersebut diberikan beban berupa static load mulai dari 150 N sampai 2300 N. Hasil analisis tegangan menunjukkan distribusi tegangan terdapat ditengah dan ujung bone plate. Regangan dan perubahan bentuk menunjukkan peningkatan seiring dengan kenaikan nilai tegangan. Gaya tekan 150 N sampai 600 N merupakan beban yang aman karena masih dibawah titik luluh 170 MPa. Gaya tekan 700 N sampai 2300 N merupakan beban yang tidak aman karena sudah melebihi titik luluhnya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan material mengalami deformasi plastis dan patah.
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Belgroune, Ahlam, Akram Alhussein, Linda Aissani, Mourad Zaabat, Aleksei Obrosov, Christophe Verdy i Cécile Langlade. "Effect of He and N2 gas on the mechanical and tribological assessment of SS316L coating deposited by cold spraying process". Journal of Materials Science 57, nr 8 (luty 2022): 5258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06950-1.
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AbstractIn this study, simulation and experimental methods were used to investigate the influence of cold spray conditions on AISI 316L stainless steel coatings. The effect of both helium and nitrogen gases used was investigated. The temperature, particle sizes of spraying powder, and distance from the nozzle throat to the impinging point were estimated by using the Kinetics Spray Solutions GmbH software. The 316L stainless steel (SS) coatings were examined by X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis. The tribological behavior was evaluated under different loads (2 N and 5 N) in dry conditions. It was found that the nitrogen and helium propellant gas with high speed and fine particles led to produce good coatings with dense microstructures. From the nanoindentation experiments, the Young's modulus and hardness of the SS 316L samples were enhanced of about 8% with helium due to the high particle velocity. It was shown that the wear resistance of SS 316L produced with helium was higher than that of the standard SS 316L coatings. The coatings produced with helium revealed lower friction coefficient (0.65) and wear rate (6.9 × 10–4 mm3/Nm) under 2 N applied load than that obtained nitrogen. It was also found that the SS 316L cold sprayed by helium with dense structure presents high hardness and good tribological performance that can be suggested for several applications. Graphical Abstract
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Kumar, D. Harish, A. Somi Reddy, P. Parameswaran, T. Jaya Kumar, M. Nandagopal, K. Laha, Panneer Selvi, T. Sakthivel, K. Gururaj i G. Padmanabhan. "Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Laser Weld 316L(N) Stainless Steel". Mechanical Engineering Research 3, nr 1 (23.01.2013): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v3n1p77.
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316L(N) stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel variety strengthened by nitrogen through solid solution hardening. The effects of nitrogen on the mechanical properties of 316L(N) SS have not been studied extensively in the past and is the study of current research. The nitrogen content when added to 316L stainless steel in the range 0.07 wt% - 0.21 wt% improves room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties. The loss in strength due to reduced carbon content in 316L(N) SS can be more or less compensated by the addition of nitrogen. Laser welded joints have been fabricated on 316(L)N SS using CO2 laser protecting the environment by employing nitrogen shielding and tested the welded joints under tension at room temperature and at 650 ?C (923 K). In the as - welded condition Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed the presence of the deformation bands, high density of dislocations and carbides or carbo -nitrides on dislocations near the grain boundary regions which may be in the Heat-Affected Zone(HAZ). At both the test temperatures failure occurred in the base metal by transgranuler mode with the nucleation of cavities. In the present work, laser welding process has proved to be effective in producing satisfactory welded joints.
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Qin, Wenbo, Jiajie Kang, Jiansheng Li, Wen Yue, Yaoyao Liu, Dingshun She, Qingzhong Mao i Yusheng Li. "Tribological Behavior of the 316L Stainless Steel with Heterogeneous Lamella Structure". Materials 11, nr 10 (27.09.2018): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101839.
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In this paper, the tribological behavior of 316L stainless steel with heterogeneous lamella structure (HLS), prepared through 85% cold rolling technology and subsequent annealing treatment (750 °C, 10 min), were conducted on a ball-on-disc tribometer under different normal loads in dry ambient air conditions. The morphologies, structures, and compositions of the raw and worn surfaces were analyzed by 3D surface profilometer, XRD, SEM, EDS and TEM. Based on this, the results showed that the HLS 316L stainless steel samples exhibited lower and more steady friction coefficients than coarse-grained samples, especially under higher loads, which can be attributed to the existence of numerous oxidative particles across sliding interfaces. However, the wear resistance of HLS 316L stainless steel sample was a little weakened compared to that of the coarse-grained sample under a normal load of 5 N. When the load increases up to 15 N, an obviously decreased wear resistance was found for the HLS of the 316L stainless steel sample, which was 50% lower than that of coarse-grained sample. This can be ascribed to the more severe oxidative and abrasive wear performance of HLS 316L stainless steel sample under dry sliding conditions.
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Noh, Inwoong, Jaehun Jeon i Sang Won Lee. "A Study on Metallographic and Machining Characteristics of Functionally Graded Material Produced by Directed Energy Deposition". Crystals 13, nr 10 (13.10.2023): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13101491.
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Directed energy deposition (DED) stands as a key process in metal additive manufacturing (AM) and offers the unique capability of creating functionally graded materials (FGMs). FGMs have garnered significant interest in high-value industries by advantages such as performance optimization, reducing material defects, and resolving joining issues. However, post-processing remains a crucial step, indicating a need for further research to understand the machinability of FGMs. This paper focuses on the characteristics analysis of fabricating and machining an FGM based on stainless steel 316L (SAE 316L) and Inconel 718. The FGM was fabricated by starting with SAE 316L at 100 wt.% and adjusting the composition ratio by incrementally increasing Inconel 718 by 20 wt.% while simultaneously decreasing SAE 316L. Following the FGM fabrication, microstructure and mechanical properties were comprehensively analyzed by hardness testing, optical microstructure measurements, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To investigate the post-processing aspects, end-milling experiments were conducted using two distinct milling methods (upward and downward milling) and machining paths (from SAE 316L towards Inconel 718, and vice versa). The mean cutting force peaked at 148.4 N in upward milling and dipped to 70.5 N in downward milling, and tool wear measurements further provided insights into the optimal milling direction when working with an FGM of SAE 316L and Inconel 718.
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Piskarev, P. Y., Alexander A. Gervash, S. A. Vologzhanina, Boris S. Ermakov i A. M. Kudryavceva. "Study of the Bimetallic Joint CuCrZr/316L(N)". Materials Science Forum 1040 (27.07.2021): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1040.8.
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In this work, a study of the cases of destruction of the CuCrZr / 316L (N) bimetallic joint (BMJ) obtained by diffusion welding under conditions of hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was carried out. The identified defects are cracks propagating in the BMJ zone in the corner zone of the mock-ups of the heat-sink elements (HE). The analysis of the causes of destruction of the BMJ was carried out and the factors leading to the weakening of the BMJ zone are analyzed. The analysis of the thermal and stress-strain state of the HE mock-up during the manufacturing process was carried out. The study of the elements of the HE mock-up were carried out by methods of non-destructive testing (ultrasonic testing (UT)) and destructive testing (metallography; fractography; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; tensile tests). The inclusion of brittle phases in the zone of the BMJ was revealed and an assumption was made about the chemical composition of these phases. It was revealed that this line of brittle phases is a crack propagation zone in all cases of destruction of the BMJ in the HE mock-ups. The temperature range is revealed at which the effect of "ductility failure" of the CuCrZr is observed during the tensile testing of the samples.
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Shastry, C. Girish, M. D. Mathew, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao i S. D. Pathak. "Tensile deformation behaviour of AISI 316L(N) SS". Materials Science and Technology 23, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328407x226581.
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Zhao, Xiao. "Fatigue Properties of 316L Stainless Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (październik 2012): 3786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3786.
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The present paper deals with experimental studies on the tension-tension fatigue properties of 316L stainless steel by using a servo-valve controlled electro-hydraulic testing machine at room temperature. The low cycle fatigue properties of 316L stainless steel were studied and the initiation mechanisms of fatigue cracks were investigated and analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Preliminary results indicate that the S-N curve of 316L stainless steel descends linearly in the low cycle regime and fatigue failure initiates from inclusions/defects on the specimen surface.
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Fikri, Ahmad Fikri. "Pemodelan Tegangan dan Regangan pada Bone Plate dengan Menggunakan Material Stainless Steel 316 L". Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary on Social and Technology 1, nr 3 (22.07.2023): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/ijmst.v1i3.211.
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Jumlah populasi dan kualitas hidup manusia terus bertambah sehingga membutuhkan teknologi yang lebih maju dalam menyelesaikan masalah hidupnya. Semakin banyaknya populasi manusia maka jumlah kendaraan dan pekerjaan konstruksi semakin banyak. Hal ini menjadikan kecelakaan kerja berupa patah tulang sering terjadi di masyarakat. Patah tulang merupakan penyakit traumatik yang umum terjadi pada manusia. Proses penyembuhan patah tulang bisa dilakukan dengan fiksasi yang tergantung pada stabilitas dan proses biologi pada tulang yang patah. Proses fiksasi membutuhkan alat bantu berupa bone plate. Sedangkan proses biologis membutuhkan material yang biokompatibel sebagai alat bantu fiksasi tulang. Stainless steel 316L Menunjukkan kemampuan biokompatibel dan biomekanik yang baik untuk digunakan sebagai penyangga patah tulang. Sebelum dilakukan pemasangan bone plate stainless steel 316L pada pasien perlu dilakukan pemodelan untuk mengetahui perilaku material tersebut saat diberi beban. Pemodelan dilakukan dengan menggunakan CAD/CAM. Bonplate dibuat dengan mengikuti dimensi bone plate pada umumnya kemudian diberi beban. Beban yang diberikan pada bone plate stainless steel 316L berupa gaya tekan yang searah dengan cross sectional sebesar 49 N sampai 492 N. Gaya tersebut merupakan gaya yang umum diterima oleh orang dewasa. Pengaruh gaya tekan berupa tegangan regangan dan perubahan bentuk kemudian dibandingkan dengan kekuatan luluh dan tarik pada material stainless steel 316l. Selain itu pengaruh gaya tekan juga menunjukkan distribusi gaya dan perilaku material saat diberikan beban. Terjadi peningkatan tegangan, regangan dan perubahan bentuk pada material saat beban diberikan. Selain itu deformasi elastis terjadi di seluruh permukaan bone plate stainless steel 316L. Perubahan bentuk terjadi di bagian tengah secara signifikan dan menyebar ke bagian samping pada bone plate stainless steel 316L.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "316l(N)"
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Gentet, David. "Compréhension et modélisation du comportement mécanique cyclique anisotherme de l'acier austénitique AISI 316L(N)". La Rochelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LAROS280.
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Le principal objet de ce travail de thèse est de proposer une modélisation mécanique du comportement cyclique de l'acier inoxydable austénitique AISI 316 L(N) à hautes températures (550-900K). Dans ce domaine, de nombreux phénomènes liés au vieillissement dynamique (DSA) et à la formation de structures de dislocation dipolaire apparaissent. Des essais isothermes et anisothermes en fatigue uni-axiale ont été conduits afin de vérifier certains points concernant les effets de la température sur le comportement mécanique. L'étude des boucles de chargement et l'observation des structures de dislocations ont permis d'établir la présence de deux régimes de DSA lors d'essais isothermes. L'effet de mémorisation d'une sollicitation à haute température est mis en évidence lors de séquences de température particulières. Il est montré que l'augmentation de l'amplitude de contrainte lors d'un passage à "haute température" est liée au second régime de DSA, c'est à dire à l'augmentation des efforts à courte distance agissant sur les jonctions entre dislocations (ségrégation du Cr), ainsi qu'à l'absence de restauration des structures dipolaires à basse température. A partir de l'analyse expérimentale des mécanismes de DSA et de restauration, un modèle anisotherme macroscopique est développé en considérant des variables internes physiques (densités de dislocations). Les équations d'une modélisation polycristalline sont simplifiées afin d'obtenir un modèle à deux échelles utilisable dans un code de calcul par éléments finis. Dans le domaine 550-873K, les résultats obtenus sont cohérents avec les observations macroscopiques et microscopiques d'essais en fatigue, de relaxation et de rochet 2DThe main subject of this report consists in proposing a mechanical model of the viscoplastic behaviour of an austenitic stainless steel under isothermal and anisothermal low cycle fatigue loadings at high temperatures (550-900K). In this domain, numerous phenomena linked to dynamic strain ageing (DSA) and to dipolar dislocation structure formation may appear. Isothermal and anisothermal low cycle fatigue tension-compression tests were performed in order to verify some aspects about the effect of temperature on the mechanical behaviour. The study of the hysterisis loops and the observation of dislocation structures carried on transmission electron microscopy establish two different DSA mechanisms during isothermals tests. The effect of temperature history is shown for for particular temperature sequences. It is demonstrated that the stress amplitude increase when the sample is submitted to cycles at "high temperature" is linked to the second mechanism of DSA. It comes from the increase of short range interaction between dislocations (chromium segregation), but it is also the consequence of the lack of dipolar structure annihilation at low temperature. From the experimental analysis of DSA mechanisms and dipolar restoration, a macroscopic anisothermal model is developed using physical internal variables (densities of dislocations). The equations of a polycrystalline model are rewritten with the aim of getting a simple multiscale approach which can be used on finite elements analysis software. Between 550 and 873K, the simulation results are in good accordance with the macroscopic and microscopic observations of low cycle fatigue, relaxation, and 2D-ratchetting tests
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Moturu, Shanmukha Rao. "Characterization of residual stress and plastic strain in austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) weldments". Thesis, Open University, 2015. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54875/.
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Fusion welding processes commonly involve the localized input of intense heat, melting of dissimilar materials and the deposition of molten filler metal. The surrounding material undergoes complex thermo-mechanical cycles involving elastic and plastic deformation. This processing history creates large residual stress in and around the weld bead, which can be particularly detrimental in reducing the lifetime of fabricated structures, increasing their susceptibility to stress corrosion, fatigue and creep crack growth as well as reducing the fracture load. It is very important to have. a proper knowledge of the residual stress distribution in and around the weld region of structured components because knowing this allows their fitness to be assessed and the service life of critical components to be predicted. Characterizing weld residual stress fields either by measurement or finite element simulation is not straightforward because of the strain field complexity, inhomogeneity of the microstructure and the complex geometry of structural weldments. The residual stress distribution in a slot weld benchmark sample made from AISI 3 16L(N) austenitic stainless steel was analysed using the neutron diffraction at pulsed source. The presence of crevices and hydrogen containing super glue in the stress-free cuboids are some of the main issues effecting the neutron residual stress measurements. A residual stress of 400-450MPa was observed in first pass weld metal and in the HAZ of a three pass welded plate. The strain hardening behaviour of AISI 316L(N) steel around the slot weld was studied taking account of the asymmetric cyclic deformation and the typical strain rates experienced; inferences are drawn regarding how such effects should be modelled in finite element weld residual stress computations. The solution annealed material was tested under symmetric and asymmetric cyclic loading at both room and 550°C. During asymmetric cyclic loading, the 316L (N) material at room and high temperature was less strain hardened than in the same number of cycles of symmetric cyclic loading. At room temperature; the 316L (N) material deformed at fast strain rate showed higher strain hardening than at the slow strain rate. However, at high temperature (550°C); the 316L (N) material deformed at slow strain rate showed higher strain hardening than at the fast strain rate due to dynamic strain ageing. A mixed hardening model was to predict the strain hardening of the 316L (N) material at room and high temperature (550°C). However, the published mix~d hardening parameters were unsuccessful in predicting the strain hardening of the symmetric cyclic deformation at high temperature. Finally, the accumulated cyclic plastic strain resulting from the addition of each weld bead was studied using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) and hardness measurements. The EBSD metrics showed a gradual increase of plastic strain and equivalent yield stress from the parent zone (approximately 0.02) to the fusion boundary (approximately 0.05-0.09). Although, in strain controlled cyclic loading, none of the EBSD metrics used were capable of assessing the plastic strain, below 58% cumulative plastic strain path. The quantified plastic strain (from the EBSD) and hardness analysis of the parent material indicates that the material deformed plastically. The EBSD derived plastic strain and equivalent yield stress correlate well with hardness, finite element prediction and von Mises equivalent residual stress.
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Cheng, Sihan. "Développement de méthodes et d'analyses pour l'étude de la ténacité sur petites éprouvettes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM006.
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Les essais de ténacité permettent de mesurer les propriétés de résistance d'un matériau vis-à-vis de l'amorçage et de la propagation de fissure. La réalisation de ces essais nécessite l'utilisation d'éprouvettes suffisamment grandes afin de mesurer une propriété valide. Cependant, il existe de nombreux cas pour lesquels il n'est pas possible d'obtenir des éprouvettes de dimensions suffisantes. En combinant une approche expérimentale et la simulation, cette thèse vise à développer des méthodes de mesure de la ténacité d'un matériau ductile à l'aide de petites éprouvettes. Un acier 316L(N) a été retenu pour cette étude car il est largement utilisé dans l'industrie nucléaire. Afin d'évaluer la robustesse de la démarche, l'étude a été conduite sur l'alliage à l'état neuf et sur un état moins ductile vieilli à 750°C en 2000h.L'étude a été faite sur une large gamme d'éprouvettes non fissurées (lisses, axisymétriques entaillées, doublement entaillées (DENT), de déformation plane) et fissurées (CT) de géométries variables. Les éprouvettes fissurées ont été analysées en terme de courbe J-da et les éprouvettes non fissurées (DENT) en terme de travail essentiel de rupture. Cette large base d'essais, combinée avec des expertises fractographiques et des essais interrompus, a permis d'identifier la séquence d'endommagement et d'ajuster un modèle de comportement et d'endommagement couplé (type GTN). La confrontation entre expériences et simulations a permis de discuter l'effet de taille sur la mesure de J, les limites de validité des normes et la compétition entre rupture par déchirement ductile et instabilité pastiqueFracture toughness tests allow measuring a material's properties resisting crack initiation and propagation. They require the specimen size to be large enough to measure a valid value. However, there are numerous cases where obtaining specimens of adequate dimensions is impossible. By combining an experimental approach with simulations, this thesis aims to develop methods for measuring the toughness of a ductile material using small specimens. This study is carried out on 316L(N) stainless steel, which is widely used in the nuclear industry. To assess the robustness of the approach, the material was studied at its as-received state and at an aged state at 750°C for 2000 hours, which is less ductile.A broad range of uncracked specimens (smooth and notched tensile, double edge notched tensile (DENT), and flat-grooved) and cracked specimens (CT) with variable geometries was studied. The cracked specimens were analyzed in terms of J-da curve, and the uncracked specimens (DENT) in terms of essential work of fracture. These tests, combined with fractographic analysis and interrupted tests, allow identifying the damage sequence and adjusting a coupled plastic behavior and damage model (GTN type). The comparison between experiences and simulations facilitated discussions on the size effect on J measurement, the validity limits of standards, and the competition between rupture by ductile tearing and plastic instability
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Goncalves, Diogo. "Modélisation polycristalline du comportement élasto-viscoplastique des aciers inoxydables austénitiques 316L(N) sur une large gamme de chargements : application à l'étude du comportement cyclique à température élevée". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS089/document.
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L’acier 316L(N) est le matériau de référence pour les structures du circuit primaire des réacteurs nucléaires de quatrième génération, en raison de leur résistance mécanique à la température de fonctionnement, de l’ordre de 550°C. La thèse a permis de développer un modèle polycristallin, capable de prédire le comportement de ces aciers, basé sur la description du glissement viscoplastique des dislocation à haute température, de mise en œuvre simple et avec l’identification d’un nombre de paramètres matériau limité. La démarche de modélisation a été progressive. Lors de la première étape, nous avons proposé et validé une loi d'homogénéisation élasto-viscoplastique à champs moyens, grâce à de nombreux calculs par éléments finis, en considérant des durcissements plastique et des viscosités cristallines. Ensuite, un modèle de viscoplasticité cristalline, reposant sur les lois d’évolution des densités de différents types de dislocations, a été implémenté et les prédictions ont été validés en considérant un très grand nombre de résultats expérimentaux à faible. Le modèle a ensuite été enrichi afin de prendre en compte les mécanismes physiques supplémentaires observés à température élevée, comme la montée des dislocations, le vieillissement dynamique et l’apparition d’une structure de dislocation très hétérogène. Le modèle proposé nécessite uniquement l’ajustement de trois paramètres par identification inverse, utilisant seulement des essais de traction monotone avec saut de vitesse. Les prédictions du comportement mécanique en chargement uniaxial et cyclique sont également en bon accord avec les mesures expérimentales aux températures élevéesThe 316L(N) stainless steels is the reference material for the primary circuit structures of fourth-generation nuclear reactors. This alloy present high mechanical resistance at the operation temperature range of these reactors, of the order of 550 °C. This PhD allowed to develop a polycrystalline model based on the description of the viscoplastic dislocation slip at high temperatures, with straightforward implementation and with identification of a limited number of material parameters. The modeling process was progressive. In a first step, we proposed and validated a mean-field elastic-viscoplastic homogenization law, in comparison to numerous finite element calculations, considering crystalline plastic hardening and crystalline viscosity. Then, a model of crystalline viscoplasticity, based on the evolution laws of the different dislocations densities was implemented and the predictions were validated considering a very large number of experimental results at low temperature. The model was then enhanced to take into account the additional physical mechanisms observed at high temperature, such as dislocation climb, dynamic strain aging and the appearance of a very heterogeneous dislocation structure. The proposed model requires the adjustment of only three parameters by inverse identification, using only monotonic tensile tests at different strain rates. The mechanical behavior predictions in uniaxial and cyclic loading are also in good agreement with experimental measurements at high temperature
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Han, Sihui. "Le comportement d'hystérésis des solides et sa description par un schéma à mémoire discrète : le cas des aciers inoxydables". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319507.
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Étude du comportement d'un acier inoxydable 316L et d'un Inconel 718 dans le cadre d'un schéma thermomécanique à mémoire discrète constitué d'une équation multivoque, d'un critère d'inversion et d'un algorithme. Analyse détaillée des propriétés du comportement d'hystérésis pure. Etude des modules tangents aux courbes de charge. Mise en évidence de la restauration des propriétés du matériau après inversion et de la non-existence d'une discontinuité elastique-plastique dans le diagramme contrainte-déformation. Description de l'écrouissage en déformation à partir d'une analyse de la microstructure
Książki na temat "316l(N)"
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Lehmann, D. Evaluation of the Stress to Rupture and Creep Properties of Type 316L(N) Steel for Design Use: Nuclear Science and Technology: Nuclear Science and Technology [series]. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1995.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "316l(N)"
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Ragavendran, M., M. Vasudevan i M. Menaka. "Finite Element Modeling of Hybrid Laser-TIG Welding of Type 316L(N) Stainless Steel". W Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 259–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9072-3_22.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "316l(N)"
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Lee, Hyeong-Yeon, Jung Yoon, Jewhan Lee i Jaehyuk Eoh. "High-Temperature Design of 700°C Heat Exchanger in a Large Scale High-Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Performance Test Facility". W ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84895.
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Abstract High-temperature design evaluations of 700°C (1292°F) heat exchanger was conducted that would be installed in a large-scale high-temperature thermal energy storage performance test facility under development at KAERI site. The helical tube type sodium-to-air heat exchanger, AHX with 125kWt capacity of Type 316L austenitic stainless steel would be subjected to high-temperature operation at 700°C. Case studies in elevated temperature designs were conducted for the two materials of Type 316L and Type 316L(N) stainless steel codified in French high-temperature design rules of RCC-MRx. Because some significant material properties are not available up to 700°C in RCC-MRx, the lack material properties and design coefficients were determined through high-temperature material tests and relevant determination procedures. Another case studies on design temperatures with 700°C and 650°C (1202°F) in sodium coolant were conducted due to the availability of material properties in the design rules, and comparisons were made among the four cases of the two materials (316L and 316L(N)) and two design temperatures (700°C and 650°C).
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Ekaputra, I. Made Wicaksana. "Tensile behavior of austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) at high temperatures: A preliminary study". W PROCEEDING OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON STANDARDIZATION AND METROLOGY (ICONSTAM) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103550.
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Ohmiya, Shinichi, i Hideki Fujii. "Fatigue Properties of Liner Materials Used for 35MPa-Class On-Board Hydrogen Fuel Tanks". W ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71735.
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To evaluate mechanical properties of the materials used for hydrogen systems such as fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen fuel stations, mechanical testing facilities in gaseous hydrogen at up to 45MPa pressure were newly designed and installed, and fatigue properties, which is one of the key properties for the onboard fuel tanks in the fuel cell vehicles, were actually evaluated for two kinds of liner materials of the on-board CFRP fuel tanks; AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 316L type of austenitic stainless steel. Axial S-N fatigue tests (R = −1) were conducted in air and also in gaseous hydrogen at 45MPa pressure at room temperature, and quite similar S-N curves were obtained in both circumstances within the maximum number of cycles to failure of 105 for AA6061-T6. 316L also exhibited excellent fatigue life and was not fractured with maximum applied stress of 90% of 0.2% proof stress at 105 cysles. Clear difference was not observed in fatigue crack growth rate in each material regardless of the circumstances investigated in this study including hydrogen gas at 45MPa pressure. Those results indicate that fatigue properties are not affected by gaseous hydrogen at around room temperature in both AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy and 316L type of stainless steel, and that both materials can fully be employed to the liner of the 35MPa on-board hydrogen fuel tanks from the viewpoints of fatigue properties.
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Bonne, D., S. Dubiez-LeGoff i B. Drubay. "Codification of 316LN in RCC-MR Code: Experience and Prospective Projects". W ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25679.
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The 316L with controlled nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is widely used in nuclear construction. The main components of Superphenix (SPX) as the main vessel, internals, intermediate heat exchangers and piping loops operating at high temperature, have been made using this grade. The RCC-MR code has gathered the feedback from the SPX construction. Later the results of European Fast Reactor R&D Programs have been integrated also in the code. Creep strain laws, cyclic and fatigue curves, and fatigue-creep interaction diagram are available in the RCC-MR database, but also it can be found specific filler metal for welding, and dedicated Reference Procurement Specifications. Today, this material, referred to as “316L with controlled nitrogen”, tabulated in RCC-MR is still relevant for current reactor projects. The Indian Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) uses this austenitic stainless steel and ITER has selected this alloy for the Vacuum Vessel, with a few additional requirements to comply with its own technical constraints — 316L(N) ITER Grade —. In France, the Sodium Fast Reactor Project (SFR) keeps using the 316L with controlled nitrogen for its major components in sodium with a new challenge regarding the extension of design life to 60 years and confirming its ability to be manufactured using new technologies (large forgings, automatic welding…). In this way, studies are carried out either to validate the current rules or to propose new ones. In particular, the validation of the negligible irradiation curve and the determination of a suitable thermal ageing coefficient, are under consideration, for base metal and for weldments too. Future edition of RCC-MR will include the conclusion of these works. The objective of this paper is to recall the main current data available for 316L with controlled nitrogen and to discuss the approach adopted to take into account for this grade the extension of design life.
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Kyffin, William, David Gandy i Barry Burdett. "A Study of the Material Properties and Performance of Hot Isostatically Pressed (HIP) Type 316L Stainless Steel Powders and HIP Processing Available From Today’s International Supply Chain". W ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84072.
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Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of type 316L austenitic stainless steel powder has been an established manufacturing practice for more than twenty five years within the oil and gas sectors and more recently in the naval defence industry. The successful ASME Code Case approval (N-834) has facilitated the manufacture of 316L components via Powder Metallurgy HIP (PM/HIP) for the civil nuclear sector. However, a number of issues have tended to hinder the uptake of PM/HIP as an alternative viable manufacturing route for both castings and forgings. Firstly, the powder specification for 316L and HIP processing parameters has typically been left to the discretion of the manufacturers. As such, the finer details of HIP product specification require greater clarity and definition for optimum performance/reproducibility. Secondly, comparison of historical data for 316L PM/HIP has shown variation in the Charpy impact toughness performance. These differences have been attributed to the oxygen content of the atomised powder, with greater oxygen contents yielding product with reduced impact properties. Based on these factors, a systematic study of the current state of the art of 316L commercial powder production, encapsulation/consolidation and selected HIP parameters was undertaken in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). A 316L powder specification was developed that primarily limited the oxygen content of the powder to under 130ppm. This lower oxygen limit reflects the improvements that commercial powder suppliers have been making over the past decade to ensure greater powder cleanliness. The test programme generated a significant body of test data based on 3 × 3 × 3 matrix of: powder supply, HIP service provider and HIP sustain times. The results were excellent across the full range of variables studied with all test billets passing the specification requirements of ASTM A988 and additional imposed requirements. Very consistent 316L material properties were produced for billets manufactured via differing HIP service providers across the comprehensive destructive test programme. This demonstrates the robustness and uniformity of the PM/HIP supply chain in producing 316L material of the requisite quality. In addition, no significant difference in material properties was noted for material pressed between 2–8 hours hold time, suggesting that the HIP process window is large with respect to hold time. Of significant note was that material produced with one powder yielded material with consistently the highest strengths and Charpy impact toughness. This has been attributed to chemical composition of the powder, which featured both a low oxygen and also a high nitrogen content.
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Fong, Jeffrey T., Pedro V. Marcal, Marvin J. Cohn i N. Alan Heckert. "A Failure-Probability- and Damage-State-Based Fatigue and Creep Model for Estimating Reliability of Stainless Steel 316L(N) Components in Thermal Fatigue". W ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-106831.
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Abstract The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) Committee has recently developed a new Section XI (Nuclear Components Inspection) Division 2 Code named “Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM).” RIM incorporates a new concept known as “System-Based Code (SBC)” originally due to Asada and his colleagues (2001–2004), where an integrated approach from design to service inspection is introduced using three new types of statistical quantities: (1) “system reliability index,” or “system co-reliability target” for any system consisting of structures and components, (2) “structural co-reliability,” for any structure, and (3) “component co-reliability” for any component, where co-reliability is defined as “1 – reliability” and is equal to failure probability. In a recent paper published in the International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping (Vol. 173 (2019), pp. 79–93). Fong, Heckert, Filliben, and Freiman developed a new theory of fatigue and creep rupture life modeling for metal alloys at room and elevated temperatures such that the co-reliability of a smooth component can be estimated from fatigue and creep rupture test data with simple loading histories. In this paper, we extend the theory to include a methodology to estimate the failure probability (or, co-reliability) of a stainless steel 316L(N) component undergoing a complex loading history such as a thermal fatigue cycle. To illustrate an application of this new modeling approach, we present a numerical example using (a) the experimental test data of 7 specimens of S.S. 316L(N) in creep at 565 C as published by Kilian Wasmer in his Ph.D. thesis (Imperial College London, 2003), (b) the experimental test data of 10 specimens of S.S. 316L(N) in creep at 650 C also by Wasmer (Ph.D. thesis, 2003), and (c) a thermal fatigue loading history of 1 hour of creep at 650 C at an operating creep stress of 73 MPa, and 300 hours of creep at 565 C at the same creep stress to simulate a hypothetical powerplant thermal fatigue operation. The significance and limitations of this new damage-state-based approach to modeling creep and to estimate the component failure probability (or, co-reliability) of steel components in creep at elevated temperatures with complex histories are discussed.
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Gao, Zengliang, Weiming Sun, Weiya Jin, Ying Wang i Fang Zhang. "Fatigue Crack Growth Properties of 16MnR and 316L Steels at High Temperature". W ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71501.
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Fatigue failures often take place in high temperature pressure vessels and equipment because of fluctuation of pressure and temperature. Fatigue crack growth properties of materials at high temperatures are very important for safety assessment of high temperature equipment. A series of fatigue crack growth tests were carried out, and fatigue crack growth rates were determined at 25∼500°C for typical steels 316L and 16MnR. The laws of fatigue crack growth of two materials at different temperatures and the effect of temperature on fatigue crack growth rates were studied. The results show that the crack growth rates increase with temperature for 316L steel. Both the exponent n and constant C for Paris law change with temperature. The fatigue cracks of 16MnR propagate at 150 °C and 300 °C more slowly than at room temperature and 425 °C. The fatigue crack growth rate at 425 °C is the highest for temperature range of 25–425 °C.
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Ohmiya, Shinichi, i Hideki Fujii. "Mechanical Properties of Cold Worked Type 316L Stainless Steel in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen: Investigation of Materials Properties in High Pressure Gaseous Hydrogen—3". W ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26492.
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Safety of on-board high-pressure hydrogen fuel tanks and piping systems in hydrogen refueling station is one of the most important subjects for upcoming hydrogen society featured by fuel cell vehicles. Type 316L austenitic stainless steel is known as a material in which the effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties is very small, so JIS SUS316L is recognized as the standard material for 35MPa type on-board fuel tank liner in the Japanese standard JARI-S001. However, solution treated 316L does not always have sufficient 0.2% proof stress, and materials having higher proof stress are strongly needed. One of the solutions is work-hardening of the material, which is conventionally used for piping systems for high pressure gas facilities. In this study, the effect of hydrogen on mechanical properties of 40% cold worked 316L in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen at 45MPa was investigated. Results are as follows: Any significant effect of hydrogen was not recognized in tensile tests using round bar type specimens at room temperature and 85°C. In axial fatigue life tests using sand glass type specimens (stress ratio R = −1) at room temperature, not so large difference was observed on S-N curves in air and in high pressure hydrogen. However, a little influence was observed in fatigue crack growth tests using half inch CT specimens at room temperature (R = 0.05). Microstructure observation reveals that any martensitic transformation did not occur. The degradation of fatigue crack growth rate in high pressure gaseous hydrogen is probably caused by the work hardened δ-ferrite which is generally contained in thick materials. However the effect of hydrogen is only limited and 40% cold worked type 316L stainless steel is considered to be used in high pressure hydrogen gas just like solution treated one.
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Ancelet, O., G. Perez i L. Forest. "Tensile Characterization of a GTAW Bimetallic Weld Mod 9Cr-1Mo–316L(N) With a New Measurement System for Tensile Testing". W ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57156.
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Mod 9Cr-1Mo steel (T91) is a candidate material for steam generator of SFR (Sodium Fast Reactors). In order to validate this choice, it is necessary, firstly to verify that it is able to withstand the planned environmental and operating conditions, and secondly to check if it is covered by the existing design codes, concerning its procurement, fabrication, welding, examination methods and mechanical design rules. A large R&D program on mod 9Cr-1Mo steel has been undertaken at CEA in order to characterize the behavior of this material and of its welded junctions. In this frame, a new measurement system for tensile testing was developed in the laboratory of structural integrity and standards (LISN) of the CEA (French atomic commission), in order to characterize the local behavior of the material during a whole tensile testing. Indeed, with the conventional measurement system (typically an extensometer), the local behavior of the material can only be determined during the stable step of the testing. So, usually the behavior of the material during the necking step of the step is unknown. This new measurement is based on the use of some laser micrometers which allow measuring the minimum diameter of the specimen and the curvature radius during the necking phase with a great precision. Thanks to the Bridgman formula, we can evaluate the local behavior of the material until the failure of the specimen. This new system was used to characterize the tensile propriety of a bimetallic welded junction of Mod 9Cr-1Mo steel and austenitic stainless steel 316L(N) realized with GTAW process and inconel filler metal. These works lead to propose a tensile curve for each materials of the welded junction.
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Moskvina, Valentina A., Galina G. Maier, Kamil N. Ramazanov, Roman S. Esipov, Aleksey A. Nikolaev, Sergey V. Astafurov, Evgenii V. Melnikov, Marina Yu Panchenko, Kseniya A. Reunova i Elena G. Astafurova. "Mechanical properties and fracture micromechanisms in 316L stainless steel subjected to ion-plasma treatment with mixture of N, H and Ar gases". W PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS. MATERIALS WITH MULTILEVEL HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0034161.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "316l(N)"
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Billone, M. C., i J. E. Pawel. Summary of recommended correlations for ITER-grade type 316L(N) for the ITER materials properties handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/270465.
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