Artykuły w czasopismach: „3-P sampling”

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Van Deusen, Paul C. "3-p sampling and design versus model-based estimates". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, nr 2 (1.02.1987): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-022.

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The unadjusted and adjusted 3-p estimators suggested by L. R. Grosenbaugh (Soc. Am. For. Proc. 1963: 36–42. 1964) are examined as examples of design versus model-based estimators. This paper shows that the 3-p adjusted estimator has near optimal properties under a regression superpopulation model and is a member of the class of generalized regression estimators having desirable robustness properties. The variance estimators suggested by L. R. Grosenbaugh (1964, and For. Sci. 22(2): 173–176. 1976) also have bias-robust properties. The understanding that the model-based view lends will enable practitioners to consider alternative estimators and to have greater confidence in 3-p sampling as a practical tool.

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Pincus, Robert, Chris W. Fairall, Adriana Bailey, Haonan Chen, Patrick Y. Chuang, Gijs de Boer, Graham Feingold i in. "Observations from the NOAA P-3 aircraft during ATOMIC". Earth System Science Data 13, nr 7 (12.07.2021): 3281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3281-2021.

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Abstract. The Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign (ATOMIC), part of the larger experiment known as Elucidating the Role of Clouds-Circulation Coupling in Climate (EUREC4A), was held in the western Atlantic during the period 17 January–11 February 2020. This paper describes observations made during ATOMIC by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Lockheed WP-3D Orion research aircraft based on the island of Barbados. The aircraft obtained 95 h of observations over 11 flights, many of which were coordinated with the NOAA research ship R/V Ronald H. Brown and autonomous platforms deployed from the ship. Each flight contained a mixture of sampling strategies including high-altitude circles with frequent dropsonde deployment to characterize the large-scale environment, slow descents and ascents to measure the distribution of water vapor and its isotopic composition, stacked legs aimed at sampling the microphysical and thermodynamic state of the boundary layer, and offset straight flight legs for observing clouds and the ocean surface with remote sensing instruments and the thermal structure of the ocean with in situ sensors dropped from the plane. The characteristics of the in situ observations, expendable devices, and remote sensing instrumentation are described, as is the processing used in deriving estimates of physical quantities. Data archived at the National Center for Environmental Information include flight-level data such as aircraft navigation and basic thermodynamic information (NOAA Aircraft Operations Center and NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/7jf5-wv54); high-accuracy measurements of water vapor concentration from an isotope analyzer (National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/c5yx-7w29); in situ observations of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation size distributions (Leandro and Chuang, 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/vwvq-5015); profiles of seawater temperature made with Airborne eXpendable BathyThermographs (AXBTs; NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020a, https://doi.org/10.25921/pe39-sx75); radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width from a nadir-looking W-band radar (NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020c, https://doi.org/10.25921/n1hc-dc30); estimates of cloud presence, the cloud-top location, and the cloud-top radar reflectivity and temperature, along with estimates of 10 m wind speed obtained from remote sensing instruments operating in the microwave and thermal infrared spectral regions (NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 2020b, https://doi.org/10.25921/x9q5-9745); and ocean surface wave characteristics from a Wide Swath Radar Altimeter (Prosensing, Inc., 2020, https://doi.org/10.25921/qm06-qx04). Data are provided as netCDF files following Climate and Forecast conventions.

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Chowdhury and, Anirban Narayan, i Rolando D. Somma. "Quantum algorithms for Gibbs sampling and hitting-time estimation". Quantum Information and Computation 17, nr 1&2 (styczeń 2017): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic17.1-2-3.

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We present quantum algorithms for solving two problems regarding stochastic processes. The first algorithm prepares the thermal Gibbs state of a quantum system and runs in time almost linear in p Nβ/Z and polynomial in log(1/epsilon), where N is the Hilbert space dimension, β is the inverse temperature, Z is the partition function, and epsilon is the desired precision of the output state. Our quantum algorithm exponentially improves the complexity dependence on 1/epsilon and polynomially improves the dependence on β of known quantum algorithms for this problem. The second algorithm estimates the hitting time of a Markov chain. For a sparse stochastic matrix P, it runs in time almost linear in 1/(epsilon ∆3/2 ), where epsilon is the absolute precision in the estimation and ∆ is a parameter determined by P, and whose inverse is an upper bound of the hitting time. Our quantum algorithm quadratically improves the complexity dependence on 1/epsilon and 1/∆ of the analog classical algorithm for hitting-time estimation. Both algorithms use tools recently developed in the context of Hamiltonian simulation, spectral gap amplification, and solving linear systems of equations.

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Williams, Teresa A., Gavin D. Leslie, Geoffrey J. Dobb, Brigit Roberts i Peter Vernon van Heerden. "Decrease in proven ventriculitis by reducing the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid sampling from extraventricular drains". Journal of Neurosurgery 115, nr 5 (listopad 2011): 1040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.6.jns11167.

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Object Ventriculitis associated with extraventricular drains (EVD) increases rates of morbidity and mortality as well as costs. Surveillance samples of CSF are taken routinely from EVD, but there is no consensus on the optimum frequency of sampling. The goal of this study was to assess whether the incidence of ventriculitis changed when CSF sampling frequency was reduced once every 3 days. Methods After receiving institutional ethics committee approval for their project, the authors compared a prospective sample of EVD-treated patients (admitted 2008–2009) and a historical comparison group (admitted 2005–2007) at two tertiary hospital ICUs. A broad definition of ventriculitis included suspected ventriculitis (that is, treated with antibiotics for ventriculitis) and proven ventriculitis (positive CSF culture). Adult ICU patients with no preexisting neurological infection were enrolled in the study. After staff was provided with an education package, sampling of CSF was changed from daily to once every 3 days. All other management of the EVD remained unchanged. More frequent sampling was permitted if clinically indicated during the third daily sampling phase. Results Two hundred seven patients were recruited during the daily sampling phase and 176 patients when sampling was reduced to once every 3 days. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was lower for the daily sampling group than for the every-3rd-day group (18.6 vs 20.3, respectively; p < 0.01), but there was no difference in mean age (47 and 45 years, respectively; p = 0.14), male or female sex (61% and 59%, respectively; p = 0.68), or median EVD duration in the ICU (4.9 and 5.8 days, respectively; p = 0.14). Most patients were admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage (42% in the daily group and 33% in the every-3rd-day group) or traumatic head injuries (29% and 36%, respectively). The incidence of ventriculitis decreased from 17% to 11% overall and for proven ventriculitis from 10% to 3% once sampling frequency was reduced. Sampling of CSF once every 3 days was independently associated with ventriculitis (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22–0.88, p = 0.02). Conclusions Reducing the frequency of CSF sampling to once every 3 days was associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of ventriculitis. The authors suggest that CSF sampling should therefore be performed once every 3 days in the absence of clinical indicators of ventriculitis. Reducing frequency of CSF sampling from EVDs decreased proven ventriculitis.

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Xiaobing Lin, Xiaobing Lin, Zhe Wu Xiaobing Lin, Jianfa Chen Zhe Wu, Lianfen Huang Jianfa Chen i Zhiyuan Shi Lianfen Huang. "A Credit Scoring Model Based on Integrated Mixed Sampling and Ensemble Feature Selection: RBR_XGB". 網際網路技術學刊 23, nr 5 (wrzesień 2022): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022092305014.

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With the rapid development of the economy, financial institutions pay more and more attention to the importance of financial credit risk. The XGBoost algorithm is often used in credit scoring. However, it should be noted that XGBoost has three disadvantages when dealing with small samples of high-dimensional imbalance: (1) the model classification results are more biased towards the majority class when the XGBoost algorithm is used in training imbalanced data, this results in reduced model accuracy. (2) XGBoost algorithm is prone to overfitting in high-dimensional data because the higher the data dimension, the sparser the samples. (3) In small datasets, it is prone to form data fragmentation, resulting in reduced model accuracy. A Credit Scoring Model Based On Integrated Mixed Sampling And Ensemble Feature Selection (RBR_XGB) is proposed on the following issues in this paper. The model first aims at the model failure and overfitting problems of XGBoost in the face of highly imbalanced small samples, and uses the improved hybrid sampling algorithm combining RUS and BSMOTE1 to balance and expand the data set. For feature redundancy problems, the RFECV_XGB algorithm is used to filter features for reducing interference features. Then, considering the strength of the distinguishing ability of different models, the validation set is used to assign weights to different models, and the weighted ensemble is used to further improve the performance of the model. The experimental results show that the classification performance of the RBR_XGB algorithm for high-dimensional imbalanced small data is higher than that of the traditional XGBoost algorithm, and it can be used for commercial use.

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Holford, ICR, BE Schweitzer i GJ Crocker. "Long-term effects of lime on soil-phosphorus solubility and sorption in eight acidic soils". Soil Research 32, nr 4 (1994): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940795.

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Measurements of phosphorus (P) sorption, isotopically exchangeable, KCl soluble and extractable P (Bray(1)) were carried out on limed and unlimed soils from eight pasture experiments on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales at intervals of 1, 2 and 3 years after lime application. Lime increased soil pH by a minimum of 0.5 to a maximum of 1.55 units, and there were corresponding decreases in soluble aluminium and manganese. Lime decreased P sorptivity in every soil and at every sampling, but decreases were usually largest at the first sampling. They were attributed to the pH-induced increase in surface negative charge and the smaller increases in calcium concentrations of these freely drained soils, compared with undrained potted soils, of a previous glasshouse experiment. Isotopically exchangeable P was increased by the highest lime rate (5 t/ha) in all but one soil at the first sampling, while soluble P was increased by both lime rates in all soils. Increases in exchangeable P tended to decline at successive samplings, but increases in soluble P sometimes increased and sometimes decreased with time. In general, lime-induced increases in soluble P were consistent with decreases in P sorptivity, although the primary cause of the increases was probably the dissolution of iron and aluminium phosphates. All these changes were conducive to the increased plant availability and uptake of soil and fertilizer P.

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Nayman, Hüma, i Sertel Altun. "What are Teachers’ and Students’ Views of the Learning-teaching Process? A Study on Turkish Language and Literature". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, nr 3 (30.06.2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.3.p.28.

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This study aims to examine teachers’ and students’ views of learning-teaching on Turkish Language and Literature course. Also, this study aims to determine the prior learning-teaching strategies of teachers and students. It was designed by qualitative research approach, phenomenology design. In the study, there are two participant groups; teachers and students. In sampling for both teachers and students, convenient sampling of purposive sampling type was used. Semi-structured interview questions were used as a data collection tool. Accordingly, content analysis was deemed proper to analyze the data. As a result, teachers’ and students’ views on learning and teaching are compatible with each other in a general framework such as self-study, students’ involvement, active lesson process, teaching the lesson as art and especially the importance of reading habit. However; in the learning-teaching process, teachers’ most strong emphasis was on individual differences, different/active methods implementations during the lesson and; whereas students’ emphasis was on learning strategies such as memorizing, coding, doing research, observing and teachers’ interest in them. It can be seen in the findings that teachers tend to teach the course by enabling learners to participate and students would like to have an active lesson process. Teachers and students share a similar idea on the fact that the Turkish Language and Literature course is an art; so, the learning-teaching process should be formed accordingly. According to the findings teachers’ and students check the understanding by productivity and test results. Conclusively, teachers and students are keen on an active teaching environment; reading habit is one of the most important skill as the course’s attainment, however exam pressure can limit their actions.

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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Jonathan Kelly, John J. McMahon, Paul Comfort i Christopher Thomas. "Effect of Sampling Frequency on Isometric Midthigh-Pull Kinetics". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, nr 2 (marzec 2016): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0222.

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Purpose:Skeletal-muscle function can be evaluated using force–times curves generated via the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP). Various sampling frequencies (500–1000 Hz) have been used for IMTP assessments; however, no research has investigated the influence of sampling frequency on IMTP kinetics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sampling frequency on kinetic variables during the IMTP, including peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) at 3 time bands (0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms).Methods:Academy rugby league players (n = 30, age 17.5 ± 1.1 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, mass 85.4 ± 10.3 kg) performed 3 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 2000 Hz, which was subsequently down-sampled to 1500, 1000, and 500 Hz for analysis.Results:Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) demonstrated high within-session reliability for all force and RFD variables across all sampling frequencies (ICC ≥ .80, CV ≤ 10.1%). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P > .05, Cohen d ≤ 0.009) in kinetic variables between sampling frequencies. Overall, high reliability was observed across all sampling frequencies for all kinetic variables, with no significant differences (P > .05) for each kinetic variable across sampling frequencies.Conclusions:Practitioners and scientists may consider sampling as low as 500 Hz when measuring peak force, time-specific force values, and RFD at predetermined time bands during the IMTP for accurate and reliable data.

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Chloupek, Petr, Eva Voslářová, Pavel Suchý, Iveta Bedáňová, Vladimíra Pištěková, František Vitula, Jan Chloupek i Vladimír Večerek. "Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)". Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, nr 1 (2009): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978010023.

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The effects of varying periods of pre-sampling handling (1.5 min, 3 min, 4.5 min, 6 min) on selected biochemical indices were monitored in a group of 8–9-month-old common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) kept at a pheasantry in Jinačovice, Czech Republic. The duration of pheasant handling (capture, restraint, and blood sampling) was positively correlated with plasma corticosterone (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.05) levels. Negative correlations were found between the handling duration and glucose concentration (p < 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase level (p < 0.05) in the blood plasma. A significant increase in corticosterone plasma concentrations and a decrease in glucose plasma concentrations were already found in blood samples taken after 3 min of capture in comparison to blood samples of pheasants taken within 1.5 min.

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R, Rizki Aulia, Muzakkir Muzakkir i Alfiah A. "FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 3 PANGKEP". Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis 14, nr 4 (31.12.2019): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35892/jikd.v14i4.283.

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Perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan, tetapi masih banyak orang yang melakukannya, bahkan orang mulai merokok ketika dia masih remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara lingkungan, sikap, pengetahuan dan stres dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik nonprobability sampling yaitu purposive sampling didapatkan 57 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan uji chi square (p<0.05). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara lingkungan dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,032), adanya hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,019), adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,025), dan adanya hubungan antara stres dengan perilaku merokok (p = 0,012). Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara lingkungan, sikap, pengetahuan, dan stres dengan perilaku merokok pada siswa di SMA Negeri 3 Pangkep.

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Urbanas, Jan, Edith Berger-Preiss, Wolfgang Koch i Sven Schuchardt. "Evaluation of two sampling methods for the determination of gas oil mist and vapour in workplace air". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, nr 1 (19.09.2013): 4898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-16-14.

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Galea, Karen, Carolyn McGonagle, David Todd, Anne Sleeuwenhoek i Alison Searl. "Development and comparison of two sampling methods to assess dermal exposure to drilling fluids and crude oil". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, nr 1 (19.09.2013): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-27-11.

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Souweidane, Mark M., Peter F. Morgenstern, Paul J. Christos, Mark A. Edgar, Yasmin Khakoo, James T. Rutka i Ira J. Dunkel. "INTRAOPERATIVE ARACHNOID AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SAMPLING IN CHILDREN WITH POSTERIOR FOSSA BRAIN TUMORS". Neurosurgery 65, nr 1 (1.07.2009): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000348011.98625.43.

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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine whether arachnoid tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling is valuable for risk stratification in children with posterior fossa brain tumors. METHODS Arachnoid tissue and CSF from the cisterna magna (CSFCM) was sampled at the time of primary tumor resection. Results were compared with conventional staging methods (M stage) and correlated with patient outcome. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Arachnoid infiltration was identified in 11 of 80 (13.8%) and CSFCM was positive in 20 of 77 (26.0%) specimens. Arachnoid infiltration and CSF cytology were found in 20.0% and 44.8%, respectively, for medulloblastoma/pineoblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal tumor), 6.9% and 3.6% for pilocytic astrocytoma, and 0.0% and 33.3% for ependymoma. The 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was negatively influenced by either arachnoid infiltration (40.9% arachnoid positive versus 65.4% arachnoid negative; P = 0.23) or CSFCM positivity (52.6% CSFCM positive versus 67.1% CSFCM negative; P = 0.03). The 3-year EFS for patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumor who had positive arachnoid sampling was 33.3%, compared with 67.3% in patients who had no evidence of arachnoid infiltration (P = 0.26). The 3-year EFS for patients with primitive neuroectodermal tumor who had positive CSFCM was 50.0% compared with 67.5% in patients who had negative cytological analysis of CSFCM (P = 0.07). Arachnoid infiltration and CSF sampling were congruous with M stage in 73.3% and 86.2% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSION Intraoperative evidence of arachnoid infiltration or CSFCM dissemination in patients with posterior fossa brain tumors occurs at a variable frequency that is dependent on tumor type, correlates with conventional M stage, and may be predictive of outcome.

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Antsaklis, Panos, Aris Antsaklis, Michael Sindos i Fotodotis M. Malamas. "Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Chorionic Villus Sampling". Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, nr 3 (2015): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1416.

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ABSTRACT Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for first trimester invasive prenatal diagnosis. In expert hands, it is nowadays considered as safe as amniocentesis and has the advantage of an earlier diagnosis. In this review, we describe the technique of the procedure, its indications and contraindications and the requirements concerning adequate training and optimum clinical practice. We also discuss issues concerning the safety of the procedure in singleton and multiple pregnancies, other complications and controversies, such as the association with limb reduction defects and pre-eclampsia, as well as diagnostic problems and dilemmas, such as maternal cell contamination and confined placental mosaicism. We also describe new and promising methods of non-invasive diagnosis, based on the isolation and analysis of fetal cells or cell-free fetal genetic material from the maternal circulation, that aim to replace the invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis in the future. How to cite this article Sindos M, Malamas FM, Antsaklis P, Antsaklis A. Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis: Chorionic Villus Sampling. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015; 9(3):293-306.

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Maier, NA, GE Barth, JS Cecil, WL Chvyl i MN Bartetzko. "Effect of sampling time and leaf position on leaf nutrient composition of Protea 'Pink Ice'". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, nr 2 (1995): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950275.

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Seasonal fluctuations in the concentrations of 12 nutrients were assessed over 3 years for Protea 'Pink Ice' in 3 plantings in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia. Nutrient concentrations in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) generally showed strong seasonal trends, reflecting seasonal vegetative and flowering patterns. During May-August and December-February, YFEL concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) were relatively stable, making these suitable times for sampling. The effects of sampling error and leaf position were also determined. The error associated with our sampling procedure was within acceptable limits (coefficients of variation 45%) for N, P, K, Ca, magnesium (Mg), Na, S, and boron (B). Differences in nutrient composition between YFEL and YFEL - 1, YFEL - 2, YFEL + 1, YFEL + 2, and YFEL + 3 were of little practical significance. Nutrient removal by flowering stems and concentrations of nutrients in different fractions (bloom, stem + leaves, axillary shoots) of flowering stems were determined for each site. Nutrient concentrations in flowering stems were generally lower than in leaves. Nitrogen concentrations in axillary shoots and K concentrations in blooms were significantly higher than in other fractions. For preferred sampling times, seasonal trends showed that concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Na, S, Cu, and Fe were fairly stable over May-August. Similarly, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, S, Zn, and Mn were relatively stable during December-February, after completion of the spring vegetative flush.

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Dos’Santos, Thomas, Paul A. Jones, Jonathan Kelly, John J. McMahon, Paul Comfort i Christopher Thomas. "Effect of Sampling Frequency on Isometric Midthigh-Pull Kinetics". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, nr 4 (1.04.2019): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-2015-0222.

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Purpose: Skeletal-muscle function can be evaluated using force-times curves generated via the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP). Various sampling frequencies (500–1000 Hz) have been used for IMTP assessments; however, no research has investigated the influence of sampling frequency on IMTP kinetics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of sampling frequency on kinetic variables during the IMTP, including peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) at 3 time bands (0–100, 0–150, 0–200 ms). Methods: Academy rugby league players (n = 30, age 17.5 ± 1.1 y, height 1.80 ± 0.06 m, mass 85.4 ± 10.3 kg) performed 3 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 2000 Hz, which was subsequently down-sampled to 1500, 1000, and 500 Hz for analysis. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and coefficients of variation (CV) demonstrated high within-session reliability for all force and RFD variables across all sampling frequencies (ICC ≥ .80, CV ≤ 14.4%) except RFD 0–100 and 0–150, which demonstrated slightly greater levels of variance (CV = 18.0–24.1%). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed no significant differences (P > .05, Cohen d ≤ 0.0171) in kinetic variables between sampling frequencies. Overall, high reliability was observed across all sampling frequencies for peak force, time-specific force, and RFD 0- to 200-ms variables, with no significant differences (P > .05) for each kinetic variable across sampling frequencies. Conclusions: Practitioners and scientists may consider sampling as low as 500 Hz when measuring peak force, time-specific force values, and RFD at predetermined time bands during the IMTP for accurate and reliable data.

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Frezoulis, Petros S., Elisavet Angelidou, Anastasia Diakou, Timoleon S. Rallis i Mathios E. Mylonakis. "Optimization of fecal cytology in the dog: comparison of three sampling methods". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 29, nr 5 (8.05.2017): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638717709857.

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Dry-mount fecal cytology (FC) is a component of the diagnostic evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases. There is limited information on the possible effect of the sampling method on the cytologic findings of healthy dogs or dogs admitted with diarrhea. We aimed to: (1) establish sampling method–specific expected values of selected cytologic parameters (isolated or clustered epithelial cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages, spore-forming rods) in clinically healthy dogs; (2) investigate if the detection of cytologic abnormalities differs among methods in dogs admitted with diarrhea; and (3) investigate if there is any association between FC abnormalities and the anatomic origin (small- or large-bowel diarrhea) or the chronicity of diarrhea. Sampling with digital examination (DE), rectal scraping (RS), and rectal lavage (RL) was prospectively assessed in 37 healthy and 34 diarrheic dogs. The median numbers of isolated ( p = 0.000) or clustered ( p = 0.002) epithelial cells, and of lymphocytes ( p = 0.000), differed among the 3 methods in healthy dogs. In the diarrheic dogs, the RL method was the least sensitive in detecting neutrophils, and isolated or clustered epithelial cells. Cytologic abnormalities were not associated with the origin or the chronicity of diarrhea. Sampling methods differed in their sensitivity to detect abnormalities in FC; DE or RS may be of higher sensitivity compared to RL. Anatomic origin or chronicity of diarrhea do not seem to affect the detection of cytologic abnormalities.

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Raoof, Mustafa, Sinziana Dumitra, Gagandeep Singh, Yuman Fong i Byrne Lee. "Prognostic significance of lymph node sampling in node-negative appendiceal carcinoids." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, nr 4_suppl (1.02.2016): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.678.

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678 Background: Surgical resection is the primary therapy for local and locally advanced carcinoid tumors of the appendix. The extent of surgery is largely dictated by the size of the tumor. Tumors >2 cm require a right hemicolectomy with associated mesenteric lymphadenectomy. What constitutes an adequate mesenteric lymphadenectomy is not known. Methods: This is a study of a contemporary cohort from NCI’s SEER database (Jan, 2004- Nov, 2012). Patients with non-metastatic appendiceal carcinoid tumors were included. Surgical extent was defined as limited (appendectomy or illeocecectomy) or extended (hemicolectomy). Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional hazards model. Results: Of the total 1,104 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 52% were female, 88% were white and majority were middle aged (40-60y) 45%. Majority of the tumors were <2 cm (49.3%) and lymph node(LN) negative 85%. Median LN retrieved were 10 (IQR 0-17). Median follow-up was 32 months (IQR 10-61). A multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model demonstrated that increasing age, tumor size > 3cm, tumor spread to contiguous organs, LN positivity and LN count <11 (HR 1.78: 95%CI 1.17-2.69; p=0.006) are associated with worse OS. Five-year overall survival increased with the number of LN retrieved (LN 1-10, 81.4%; LN >10, 85.9%, p=0.035). Stratified analysis by LN status demonstrated that LN count <11 was an independent predictor of worse OS in node negative patients (HR 2.10: 95%CI 1.25-3.53; p=0.005) but not node positive patients (p=0.65). Subset analysis by tumors size demonstrated that prognostic value of LN count <11 was only significant for tumors greater than 3 cm (HR 2.32: 95%CI 1.15-2.03; p=0.018). Conclusions: This is the largest study to date that looks at prognostic significance of LN count for appendiceal carcinoids. The number of LNs evaluated is an independent prognostic factor in pathologic node-negative, appendiceal carcinoid tumors measuring greater than 3 cm. This data supports performing a formal lymphadenectomy (>10 LN) even if no mesenteric disease is visible for adequate staging.

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Carroll, John F. "SHORT DURATION DRY ICE SAMPLING FOR AMERICAN DOG TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) IN MARYLAND: A COMPARISON WITH DRAGGING". Journal of Entomological Science 23, nr 2 (1.04.1988): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.2.131.

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On eight of 18 sampling dates, significantly more (p < 0.05) American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), adults were found on or within 0.3 m of cotton sheets, baited with dry ice for 2 h, than on an equal number of unbaited sheets. Overall 4 times more ticks were at the baited sheets than the controls. Dragging vegetation in old fields, along woods edges and dirt roads and within woods, for ca. 16 of the 20 m between dry ice baits collected > 3 times more ticks than the dry ice; significantly more (p < 0.05) ticks on nine of the 18 sampling dates and never significantly (p < 0.05) fewer. On two of 18 sampling dates, dry ice baits attracted no ticks while ticks were found by dragging and on three sampling dates dry ice catches were < 3% of the corresponding drag catches. Dragging the same transects the day before or after dry ice sampling caught as many ticks as on the sampling days. No immature D. variabillis were collected by the dragging or dry ice method. In this study dragging was more reliable, faster, (one visit to a transect instead of two), and easier (lighter equipment) than short duration dry ice sampling. Neither method collected more than one tick in 32 samples in wooded areas.

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Li, Sen, Jian-ling Li, Jiang-nan Huang, Zhi-yuan Jiang, Rong-jie Huang, Liu-jing Su, Bin-bin Cai, Yong-fa Dai i Si-ying Wu. "Imaging Analysis During Adrenal Venous Sampling Operations". American Journal of Hypertension 34, nr 7 (1.07.2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpab013.

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Abstract Background To investigate the imaging anatomy and variations of bilateral adrenal veins to improve the success rate during adrenal venous sampling (AVS) and reduce the incidence of complications. Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent AVS from June 2017 to January 2019 were collected. RadiAnt Viewer software was used to retrospectively analyze the intraoperative imaging data, intraoperative anatomical variation data, the success rate, and complications of AVS. Results The ostium of the right adrenal vein was located mainly between the lower 1/3 of the 11th thoracic vertebra and the middle 1/3 of the 12th thoracic vertebra, accounting for 75.5% of the cases. Most of the ostium (83.3%) was transversely distributed between 9 o’clock and 12 o’clock. The main morphology of the right adrenal venography was a triangular pattern (48.2%). As the body mass index increased, the ostium was higher, and the distance between the ostium and the spine was greater (P < 0.05). The success rate of the right AVS, the left AVS, and the bilateral AVS was 95.0%, 97.5%, and 92.5%, respectively. The anatomical variation rate of the right adrenal vein was 5.3%. All cases showed that the right adrenal vein entered the accessory right hepatic vein and then into the inferior vena cava. The anatomical variation rate of the left adrenal vein was 4.3%. Conclusions Body mass index can be used to predict the location of the right adrenal vein ostium. Understanding of the anatomy and variation of the adrenal vein and right adrenal venography is essential to a successful AVS.

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Porucznik, Christina, Eric Brozek, Kyley Joell Cox, Lindsey Canfield Schmidt, Joseph Stanford, Diana Wilkins i James VanDerslice. "Comparison of Single-Day BPA Exposure Estimates to Those Determined by Multiple, Consecutive Daily Sampling in a Prospective Cohort". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, nr 1 (19.09.2013): 3665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-3-15-07.

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Jung, Nayoung, Chan Kim, Hanna Kim, Yekyeng Seo, Jieun Hwang, Misun Yang, So Yoon Ahn, Se In Sung i Yun Sil Chang. "Changes to Blood-Sampling Protocol to Reduce the Sampling Amount in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: A Quality Improvement Project". Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, nr 17 (1.09.2023): 5712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175712.

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(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of a modified blood-sampling protocol, which focused on need-based laboratory testing and minimized venous sampling by replacing it with point-of-care testing (POCT) via capillary puncture, successfully reduced iatrogenic blood loss, incidence of anemia, and the frequency of blood transfusion among extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) without negatively affecting neonatal outcomes. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 313 ELBWIs with a gestational age (GA) of between 23 and 28 weeks and born between 2013 and 2019. The infants were divided into two groups corresponding to the periods before (period I) and after (period II) the implementation of the modified blood-sampling protocol in January 2016. Propensity score matching was conducted to minimize selection bias. Clinical data, including the frequency and amount of blood sampling, the frequency and volume of blood transfusion, and clinical characteristics, such as gestational age, birth weight, and neonatal outcome data, were collected and compared between the two groups. (3) Results: No significant differences in GA or birth weight between the two periods were observed. The total sampling volume a month after birth (16.7 ± 4.1 mL vs. 15.6 ± 4.4 mL, p = 0.03) and the total sampling volume during hospitalization days (51.4 ± 29.7 mL vs. 44.3 ± 27.5 mL, p = 0.04) in period II were significantly lower than those in period I. There were no differences in terms of anemia (hemoglobin 10.8 ± 2.2 vs. 11.0 ± 1.9, p = 0.43) and mortality or morbidity, such as intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis, between the two periods. Although the transfusion frequency and amount did not present significant differences between the periods, we observed a positive correlation between the transfusion frequency and sampling volume (coefficient: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.08–0.11). (4) Conclusions: The modified blood-sampling protocol effectively reduced the level of iatrogenic blood loss without negatively affecting the neonatal outcomes.

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WHEELER, TOMMY L., i TERRANCE M. ARTHUR. "Novel Continuous and Manual Sampling Methods for Beef Trim Microbiological Testing". Journal of Food Protection 81, nr 10 (7.09.2018): 1605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-197.

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ABSTRACT A sampling method that represents a greater proportion of the beef trimmings in a 900-kg combo bin should improve the current pathogen sampling and detection programs used by fresh beef processors. This study compared two novel, nondestructive sampling methodologies (a continuous sampling device [CSD] and a manual sampling device [MSD]) with the current industry methodologies, the N60 Excision (the “gold standard”) and N60 Plus, for collection of trim samples. Depending on the experiment, samples were analyzed for naturally occurring Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella, inoculated surrogates, or indicator organisms in multiple plants, on multiple days, across multiple lean percentage mixtures. Experiments 1A and 1B with natural contamination found no E. coli O157:H7 but similar (P > 0.05) prevalence of Salmonella (CSD 9.2% versus N60 Excision 6.0%) and similar (P > 0.05) levels of indicator organisms for CSD compared with both N60 methodologies. In experiments 2 and 3, CSD cloth sampling had the same or higher prevalence of naturally occurring E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli O157:H7 surrogate organisms, as well as similar levels of indicator organisms compared with the N60 methodologies. In experiment 4, MSD cloth sampling detected similar (P > 0.05) prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 surrogate organisms, as well as slightly lower (P < 0.05) levels of indicator organisms compared with N60 Plus. In experiment 5, the MSD found similar (P > 0.05) prevalence of naturally occurring E. coli O157:H7 and the same or slightly higher (P < 0.05) levels of naturally occurring indicator organisms compared with N60 Plus. In experiment 6, the MSD detected the same (P > 0.05) prevalence of naturally occurring Salmonella as did N60 Excision. The results of these experiments collectively demonstrate that sampling beef trim using either the CSD or MSD provides organism recovery that is similar to or better than the N60 Excision or the N60 Plus methodologies.

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Jeon, Byunggwon, James V. Cizdziel, J. Stephen Brewer, Winston T. Luke, Mark D. Cohen, Xinrong Ren i Paul Kelley. "Gaseous Elemental Mercury Concentrations along the Northern Gulf of Mexico Using Passive Air Sampling, with a Comparison to Active Sampling". Atmosphere 11, nr 10 (26.09.2020): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101034.

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Mercury is a toxic element that is dispersed globally through the atmosphere. Accurately measuring airborne mercury concentrations aids understanding of the pollutant’s sources, distribution, cycling, and trends. We deployed MerPAS® passive air samplers (PAS) for ~4 weeks during each season, from spring 2019 to winter 2020, to determine gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) levels at six locations along the northern Gulf of Mexico, where the pollutant is of particular concern due to high mercury wet deposition rates and high concentrations in local seafood. The objective was to (1) evaluate spatial and seasonal trends along the Mississippi and Alabama coast, and (2) compare active and passive sampling methods for GEM at Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, an Atmospheric Mercury Network site. We observed higher GEM levels (p < 0.05) in the winter (1.53 ± 0.03 ng m−3) compared to other seasons at all sites; with the general pattern being: winter > spring > summer ≈ fall. Average GEM levels (all deployment combined) were highest at Bay St. Louis (1.36 ± 0.05 ng m−3), the western-most site nearest the New Orleans metropolitan area, and lowest at Cedar Point (1.07 ± 0.09 ng m−3), a coastal marsh with extensive vegetation that can uptake GEM. The MerPAS units compared reasonably well with the established active monitoring system, but gave slightly lower concentrations, except in the winter when the two methods were statistically similar. Both the passive and active sampling methods showed the same seasonal trends and the difference between them for each season was <15%, acceptable for evaluating larger spatial and temporal trends. Overall, this work demonstrates that PASs can provide insight into GEM levels and the factors affecting them along coastal regions.

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Abdillah, Abdourahim, Saber Khelaifia, Didier Raoult, Fadi Bittar i Stéphane Ranque. "Comparison of Three Skin Sampling Methods and Two Media for Culturing Malassezia Yeast". Journal of Fungi 6, nr 4 (9.12.2020): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040350.

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Malassezia is a lipid-dependent commensal yeast of the human skin. The different culture media and skin sampling methods used to grow these fastidious yeasts are a source of heterogeneity in culture-based epidemiological study results. This study aimed to compare the performances of three methods of skin sampling, and two culture media for the detection of Malassezia yeasts by culture from the human skin. Three skin sampling methods, namely sterile gauze, dry swab, and TranswabTM with transport medium, were applied on 10 healthy volunteers at 5 distinct body sites. Each sample was further inoculated onto either the novel FastFung medium or the reference Dixon agar for the detection of Malassezia spp. by culture. At least one colony of Malassezia spp. grew on 93/300 (31%) of the cultures, corresponding to 150 samplings. The positive culture rate was 67%, 18%, and 15% (P < 10−3), for samples collected with sterile gauze, TranswabTM, and dry swab, respectively. The positive culture rate was 62% and 38% (P < 0.003) by using the FastFung and the Dixon media, respectively. Our results showed that sterile gauze rubbing skin sampling followed by inoculation on FastFung medium should be implemented in the routine clinical laboratory procedure for Malassezia spp. cultivation.

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Kaye, J., GR Heald, J. Morton i T. Weaver. "Patency of radial arterial catheters". American Journal of Critical Care 10, nr 2 (1.03.2001): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2001.10.2.104.

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BACKGROUND: Data on the influence of flush methods, blood-sampling methods, and site location on the patency of radial arterial catheters used for pressure monitoring are sparse. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of flush and blood-sampling methods, insertion site, and sex of patients on catheter patency. METHODS: In a randomized trial, 174 patients requiring radial arterial pressure monitoring were assigned to 4 groups: fast flush as needed and nonwaste blood sampling; fast flush as needed and waste blood sampling; fast flush every 4 hours and waste blood sampling; and fast flush every 4 hours and nonwaste blood sampling. All site locations were evaluated for patency, and all monitoring systems were maintained with isotonic sodium chloride solution. RESULTS: Nonpatent catheters were 4.23 times more likely in patients with insertion sites 3 cm or higher above the bend of the wrist than in patients with lower sites (P = .01). Duration of patency did not differ between catheters maintained with fast flush every 4 hours and those flushed as needed or between catheters according to the method of blood sampling. Women were 3.05 times more likely than men to have nonpatent catheters (P = .02). With insertion sites 3 cm or higher above the radiocarpal joint, nonpatency was 7.3 times more likely in women than in men (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Insertion sites closest to the bend of the wrist increase chances of maintaining patency. Catheters can be maintained with as-needed flushes, and either waste or nonwaste blood sampling can be used.

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Ali, Md Shoukat, SM Masudul Alam, Md Mahbubul Alam, Md Abdus Sattar, Md Mosleh Uddin i Belayat Hossain Siddiquee. "Role of Sampling Neck Dissection in Early Oral Tongue Carcinoma". Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 26, nr 2 (10.12.2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v26i2.50643.

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Background: Carcinoma of oral tongue has a great potential for metastatic spread to neck nodes, which may not be clinically detected in early stage. To detect frequency of occult neck metastasis in clinically No patients with early oral tongue carcinoma (stage I & II) the study has done. Methods: It was a 2 years cross sectional study among fifty patients in three tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka from 2016 to 2018. Results: Majority of the patients were male (M:F=3:2) with age ranged 25 to 80 years. Among these patients 38(76%) were in T1 and remaining 12(24%) in T2 stage. Tongue ulceration was most common(84%) presenting feature followed by dysphagia(64%) and pain(52%).Only 32(64%) patients revealed no histopathological proved metastasis(true N0). Occult nodal metastasis was significantly common(83.33%) among male patients than females(p<0.01) and also common(72.22%) among < 50 years age group(p<0.01).Sampling node positive was significantly more(66.67%) in T2 stage(p<0.01). Conclusion: Regarding clinical, radiological and histopathological stages and stage migration of early carcinoma in oral tongue this study revealed significant differentiation among these methods. This study implies sampling neck dissection of sentinel neck nodes in early oral tongue carcinoma for management. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; October 2020; 26(2): 147-152

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Wightwick, Adam, Mahabubur Mollah, Jennifer Smith i Alison MacGregor. "Sampling considerations for surveying copper concentrations in Australian vineyard soils". Soil Research 44, nr 7 (2006): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr05135.

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The Australian wine industry has funded a study to determine the concentrations of copper in vineyard soils and to assess whether the continued use of copper-based fungicides is likely to be detrimental to the long-term agricultural sustainability of vineyard soils. Prior to the conduct of regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils, a preliminary study was conducted in 6 vineyards near Mildura (34°S, 142°E) (north-western Vic., Australia) to determine sampling considerations. The study investigated the distribution of copper in the soils of vineyards with 3 different histories of copper-based fungicide use: <5 years old; at least 30 years old during which time the vineyard had been ploughed and replanted; and at least 60 years old. At 3 locations in each vineyard, soil samples were collected from 2 depths (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m) at 0.30-m intervals along two 1.50-m-long transects running at right angles in opposite directions from the vine trunk towards the inter-row areas. The results showed that copper concentrations were higher in the top 0.15 m of soil (P < 0.001) and declined with distance from the vine (P = 0.002). The variation in copper concentrations between vineyards was found to be much greater than the variation within vineyards (variance component of 0.7746 and 0.0893, respectively). Balancing an acceptable level of error with the resources required to collect samples, we recommend obtaining 1 composite soil sample from each vineyard in regional surveys to determine copper concentrations in vineyard soils. Sampling depth and distance from the vine should also be taken into consideration in future soil sampling depending on the objective of the study.

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Lewis, Ariane, Aaron Rothstein i Donato Pacione. "Results of a quality improvement initiative reassessing an institutional lumbar drain infection prevention protocol". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 29, nr 1 (lipiec 2018): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.11.spine171023.

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OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of a quality improvement initiative in which daily antibiotics and daily sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were discontinued for patients with lumbar drains.METHODSThe frequency of surgical site infections (SSIs), antibiotic-related complications (development of Clostridium difficile infection [CDI] and growth of resistant bacteria), and cost for patients with lumbar drains were compared during 3 periods: 1) prolonged prophylactic systemic antibiotics (PPSA) until the time of drain removal and daily CSF sampling (September 2013–2014), 2) PPSA and CSF sampling once after placement then as needed (January 2015–2016), and 3) antibiotics only during placement of the lumbar drain and CSF sampling once after placement then as needed (April 2016–2017).RESULTSThirty-nine patients were identified in period 1, 53 patients in period 2, and 39 patients in period 3. There was no change in the frequency of SSI after discontinuation of routine CSF testing or PPSA (0% in period 1, 2% in period 2, and 0% in period 3). In periods 1 and 2, 3 patients developed infections due to resistant organisms and 2 patients had CDI. In period 3, 1 patient had an infection due to a resistant organism. The median cost of CSF tests per patient was $100.68 (interquartile range [IQR] $100.68–$134.24) for patients in period 1 and $33.56 (IQR $33.56–$33.56) in periods 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). The median cost of antibiotics per patient was $26.32 (IQR $26.32–$30.65) in periods 1 and 2 and $3.29 ($3.29–$3.29) in period 3 (p < 0.001). The cost associated with growth of resistant bacteria and CDI was $91,291 in periods 1 and 2 and $25,573 in period 3.CONCLUSIONSAfter discontinuing daily antibiotics and daily CSF sampling for patients with lumbar drains, the frequency of SSI was unchanged and the frequency of antibiotic-related complications decreased.

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GRASSO, F., P. MATTON i J. J. DUFOUR. "PRECISION OF SAMPLING TECHNIQUES IN DETERMINING MICROSCOPIC FOLLICULAR POPULATION IN GILTS". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, nr 4 (1.12.1988): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-146.

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The precision of estimating populations of atretic and nonatretic antral follicles by sampling 10, 20 and 25% of follicles in serially sectioned ovaries was determined. From records on 18 374 gilt follicles (Data 1), three new data sets (Data 2, 3 and 4, generated by attributing a detection probability of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25 to each of the follicles, were compared with Data 1. Estimates of the follicular populations obtained from Data 2, 3 or 4 differed from the values of Data 1 only when there were fewer than five follicles of a given size on the ovary. The coefficient of variation of the estimated numbers of follicles from values of Data 1 was below 32 ± 19% for Data 2 and 3 when there were more than 50 follicles in a class. For Data 4, however, it was 8 ± 2% or below except for classes containing less than five follicles. Data 4, but not Data 2 and 3, was as efficient as Data 1 in detecting differences in follicle distribution between breeds, age and type of ovary (P < 0.05), except for follicular classes containing less than five follicles. Thus, follicular populations, as determined by sampling 25% of the total number of follicles, were consistent with the actual distribution if five or more follicles were present in a class. Key words: Follicles, sampling, ovary, gilts

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Mantovani, José Ricardo, José Antônio Lima, Ciro Pozzi Garcia i Tiago Teruel Rezende. "SITES AND SAMPLING TOOLS IN THE SOIL FERTILITY EVALUATION OF COFFEE PLANTS IN PRODUCTION". Coffee Science 14, nr 3 (25.09.2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.25186/cs.v14i3.1602.

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In soil sampling, the collection site and the tool used may induce errors that can compromise the results of the chemical analysis and, consequently, the definition of corrective and fertilizer doses. The objective in this study was to evaluate soil sampling sites and tools in a coffee growing area. The experiment was carried out in a field in the municipality of Alfenas-MG, in a 35-year coffee field. A randomized block design was used in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme and 4 replications, totaling 60 experimental units. The treatments consisted of 3 sampling sites: in the fertilizer strip (located in the projection of the plant canopy); between rows; and in the total area, with 1/3 of the samples collected under the canopy and close to the plant stem, 1/3 in the canopy projection and 1/3 collected between rows; and 5 sampling tools: Dutch auger; screw auger; probe; hoe and drill. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 0.2 m, and each composite sample was obtained by assembling and mixing 20 single samples. At each sampling point, an area of 2m2 was delimited, in which simple samples were collected in all the evaluated places and with all the tools used. The following parameters were determined in the soil samples: pH in CaCl2; potential acidity (H+Al); organic matter; P, extracted by Mehlich; K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and base saturation. In a coffee-growing area, he fertilizer strip (canopy projection) has topsoil with higher acidity and lower contents of organic matter and nutrients P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ than between rows. The tools used for soil sampling do not influence the results of soil chemical analysis in the coffee-growing area.

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Aprinia, Dina, i Siti Khorriyatul Khotimah. "Interaksi Sosial dan Rasa Humor terhadap kebahagiaan Lansia di Surabaya". Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 10, nr 2 (2.07.2022): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v10i2.7965.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara interaksi sosial dan rasa humr terhadap kebahagiaan pada lansia di Surabaya. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah accidental sampling dengan subjek sebanyak 100 orang lanjut usia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan analisis data menggunakan statistic deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan 3 skala yakni skala kebahagiaan (α = 0.961), skala interaksi sosial (α = 0.959), dan skala rasa humor (α = 0.954). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat pengaruh antara interaksi sosial dan rasa humor terhadap kebahagiaan lansia (F = 723.081; p<0,05; R2 = 0,283) (2) terdapat pengaruh antara interaksi sosial terhadap kebahagiaan (β = 0.368, t = 4.796, p< 0.05) (3) terdapat pengaruh antara rasa humor terhadap kebahagiaan (β = 0.613, t = 7.997, p< 0.05).

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Rinandyaswara, Raditya, Yuita Arum Sari i Muhammad Tanzil Furqon. "Pembentukan Daftar Stopword Menggunakan Term Based Random Sampling Pada Analisis Sentimen Dengan Metode Naïve Bayes (Studi Kasus: Kuliah Daring Di Masa Pandemi)". Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer 9, nr 4 (31.08.2022): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2022934707.

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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column">Stopword Removal merupakan bagian dari tahapan preprocessing teks yang bertujuan untuk menghapus kata yang tidak relevan didalam suatu kalimat berdasarkan daftar stopword. Daftar stopword yang biasa digunakan berbentuk digital library yang daftarnya sudah tersedia sebelumnya, namun tidak semua kata-kata yang terdapat didalam digital library merupakan kata yang tidak relevan dalam suatu data tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan daftar stopword yang dibentuk dengan algoritme Term Based Random Sampling. Dalam Term Based Random Sampling terdapat 3 parameter yaitu Y untuk jumlah perulangan pengambilan kata random, X untuk jumlah pengambilan bobot terendah dalam perulangan Y, dan L sebagai persentase jumlah stopword yang ingin digunakan. Sehingga penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mencari kombinasi terbaik dari 3 parameter tersebut serta membandingkan stopword Term Based Random Sampling dengan stopword Tala dan tanpa proses stopword removal dalam analisis sentimen tweet mengenai kuliah daring dengan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes. Hasil evaluasi dengan stopword Term Based Random Sampling mendapatkan akurasi tertinggi dengan X, Y, L sebesar 10, 10, 40 dengan macroaverage accuracy sebesar 0,758, macroaverage precision sebesar 0,658, macroaverage recall sebesar 0,636, dan macroaverage f-measure sebesar 0,647. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa semakin besar X, Y, L maka semakin tinggi kemungkinannya untuk hasil evaluasi turun. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa Term Based Random Sampling berhasil mendapatkan akurasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stopword Tala maupun tanpa menggunakan proses stopword removal. AbstractStopword Removal is part of the text preprocessing stage which aims to remove irrelevant words in a sentence based on the stopword list. The stopword list that is commonly used is in the form of a digital library whose list is already available, but not all words contained in the digital library are irrelevant words in certain data. This study uses a stopword list formed by the Term Based Random Sampling algorithm. In Term Based Random Sampling, there are 3 parameters, namely Y for the number of random word retrieval repetitions, X for the lowest number of weights in Y repetitions, and L as the percentage of the number of stopwords you want to use. So this research is aimed at finding the best combination of these 3 parameters and comparing the Term Based Random Sampling stopword with the stopword tuning and without the stopword removal process in the analysis of tweet sentiment regarding online lectures using the Naïve Bayes method. The results of the evaluation with the Term Based Random Sampling stopword get the highest accuracy with X, Y, L of 10, 10, 40 with a macroaverage accuracy of 0.758, a macroaverage precision of 0.658, a macroaverage recall of 0.636, and a macroaverage f-measure of 0.647. Based on the test results, it is concluded that the greater the X, Y, L, the higher the probability that the evaluation results will decrease. The test results prove that Term Based Random Sampling is successful in obtaining higher accuracy than stopword tuning or without using the stopword removal process.</div></div></div>

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Ponnampalam, E. N., R. D. Warner, S. Kitessa, M. B. McDonagh, D. W. Pethick, D. Allen i D. L. Hopkins. "Influence of finishing systems and sampling site on fatty acid composition and retail shelf-life of lamb". Animal Production Science 50, nr 8 (2010): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an10025.

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Thirty 7-month-old crossbred lambs (Poll Dorset × Border Leicester × Merino) finished over 5 weeks on either low quality pasture or grain-with-hay on a farm in southern Victoria were assessed for carcass parameters, muscle fat composition and retail colour stability. Lambs on the grain diet had a mix of barley grain (80%) and lentils (20%) at 800 g/head.day (air-dry basis ~ad libitum) with cape weed (Arctotheca calendula) hay available at all times. Lambs under grazing had predominantly rye grass (Lolium perenne) and barley grass (Hordeum leporinum) available ad libitum. Carcass weight tended to be higher (P = 0.14) in grain-fed lambs than in grass-fed lambs, but fatness indicated by GR (total muscle + fat tissue thickness at 11 cm from midline) did not differ between feeding systems. Fatty acid composition was determined in the loin from the forequarter (M. longissimus thoracis) and lumbar (M. longissimus lumborum) regions and from the leg region (M. semimembranosus). This showed that grain-finished lamb had higher muscle fat (P < 0.001) and omega-6 fatty acid (P < 0.001) content. Alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or total omega-3 fat did not differ (P > 0.05) between feeding groups. Saturated fatty acids were greater (P < 0.01) in both loin sampling sites than the leg. The levels of EPA, docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid were lower (P < 0.01) in the forequarter (9%) or lumbar (11%) sites than the leg sampling site. The distribution pattern of fatty acids across the three sampling sites did not differ between feed types. Retail colour stability determined over 4 days of display (only performed in muscle from the lumbar site), evaluated by the redness (HunterLab a*-value) and metmyoglobin formation (reflectance ratio at 630 : 580-nm wavelengths) was superior for grass-fed lamb compared with short-term grain-finished lamb. The results demonstrate that the health claimable omega-3 fat mainly EPA or total omega-3 fat content in lamb was not altered by short-term grain finishing compared with lamb finished under pasture grazing conditions.

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Rakiba, K., i Z. Ferdoushi. "Physico-chemical properties of Dhepa River in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh". Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 6, nr 1 (10.02.2015): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22041.

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Among different water quality parameters dissolved oxygen, transparency, pH, PO4-P and depth varied significantly among the sampling sites. The pH value in the present investigation remained a buffer condition (6.50- 7.90). Dissolved oxygen was ranges from 3.80 to 11.60 mg/l throughout the study periods. PO4-P concentration was observed highest (0.30 mg/l) in sampling site 2. On the basis of physical, chemical aspects sampling site 3 and sampling site 5 (situated in gosaipur and chandandoho) found in better condition in terms of limnological aspects. However, it could be concluded that Dhepa River will play important role in riverine fisheries and for further fisheries management.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22041 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 59-67 2013

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Azizah, Mia. "KORELASI ANTARA KELIMPAHAN VEGETASI MANGROVE DAN KERANG TOTOK Polymesoda erosa DENGAN FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN DI SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP". Jurnal Sains Natural 4, nr 1 (1.12.2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v4i1.78.

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Correlation Between Abundance of Mangrove Vegetation and Totok Clam (Polymesoda erosa) to Environmental Factors in Segara Anakan, Cilacap Segara Anakan ecosystem is one of the largest estuary in Java which has a high biodiversity. One of the biota totok clam (Polymesoda erosa ) that live in mangrove forests. These clams have high economic value. The study aimed to determine the correlation of abundance between mangrove community and totok clam (P. erosa) , because of abiotic environmental factors in Segara Anakan , Cilacap. Research using survey methods and sampling techniques. Sampling point were 11 stations and were 3 plot sampling respectively. The data analyzed using correlation analysis of BIO - ENV. The correlation value of the environmental factors and mangrove community was 0.362 , and the correlation value of the environmental factor and the abundance of P. erosa was 0.412. The correlation value of mangrove vegetation with an abundance Polymesoda erosa had a value of 0.468. Keywords: correlation, mangroves, Polymesoda erosa, Segara AnakanABSTRAK Ekosistem Segara Anakan merupakan salah satu estuaria terbesar di Pulau Jawa yang memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Salah satu biota yang ada adalah kerang totok(Polymesoda erosa) yang hidup berasosiasi dalam hutan mangrove. Kerang ini memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kelimpahan komunitas mangrove dan kelimpahan kerang totok (P. erosa), yang disebabkan faktor lingkungan abiotik P. erosa di Segara anakan, Cilacap. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei dan teknik pengambilan sampel. Titik sampling dibuat 11 stasiun dengan tiap stasiun diambil 3 plot. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi BIO-ENV. Nilai korelasi faktor lingkungan dengan struktur komunitas mangrove sebesar 0,362, dan nilai korelasi faktor lingkungan dengan kelimpahan P. erosa sebesar 0,412. Nilai korelasi vegetasi mangrove dan kelimpahan kerang totok memiliki nilai sebesar 0,468.Kata kunci: korelasi, mangrove, Polymesoda erosa, Segara AnakanSegara Anakan ecosystem is one of the largest estuary in Java which has a high biodiversity. One of the biota totok clam(Polymesoda erosa ) that live in mangrove forests.These clams have high economic value. The study aimed to determine the correlation of abundance between mangrove community and totok clam (P. erosa) , because of abiotic environmental factors in Segara Anakan , Cilacap. Research using survey methods and sampling techniques. Sampling point were11 stations and were 3 plot sampling respectively. The data analyzed using correlation analysis of BIO - ENV. The correlation value of the environmental factors and mangrove community was 0.362 , and the correlation value of the environmental factor and the abundance of P. erosa was 0.412.The correlation value of mangrove vegetation with an abundance Polymesoda erosa had a value of 0.468. Keywords: correlation, mangroves, Polymesoda erosa, Segara Anakan

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Lilly, MP, RO Jones, DJ Putney i DE Carlson. "Post-surgical recovery and time-of-day mask potentiated responses of ACTH to repeated moderate hemorrhage in conscious rats". Journal of Endocrinology 167, nr 2 (1.11.2000): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1670205.

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We determined how changes in the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system that accompany experimentation affect facilitation of HPA responses to hemorrhage. Hemorrhage (10 ml/kg over 3 min) was performed in conscious, chronically prepared rats. Blood was sampled over 1 h followed by reinfusion of shed blood. Hemorrhage was performed either once or twice separated by 24 h in different groups of animals. To test the effect of the circadian variation in responsiveness, rats were hemorrhaged on days 4 and 5 after surgery either in the morning (AM) or in the afternoon (PM). The response of ACTH to hemorrhage on day 4 was greater in the PM than in the AM (P<0.01). The ACTH response to the second hemorrhage on day 5 was greater than that to hemorrhage on day 4 only in the AM group (P<0.01). Thus, facilitation of ACTH responses by prior hemorrhage was evident only in the AM. To determine the effects of surgical recovery, additional experiments were done in the AM either early (days 3 and 4) or later (days 6 and 7) after surgery. In these experiments, hemorrhage was performed in all rats on days 4 and 7 and either hemorrhage or blood sampling alone was performed on day 3 and 6. ACTH did not increase in rats with sampling and no hemorrhage. ACTH increased more after an initial hemorrhage on day 3 than on day 6 (P<0.01). ACTH response to hemorrhage on day 4 was greater when preceded by hemorrhage vs sampling on day 3 (P<0.01). ACTH response to hemorrhage in rats bled twice did not differ on day 3 and day 4. On day 7, the response of ACTH in rats that had hemorrhage on day 6 was greater than both their own response on day 6 and the response of a control group with sampling on day 6 (P<0.01). These results demonstrate potentiation of ACTH responses to hemorrhage by an earlier similar hemorrhage, but clearly indicate that enhanced sensitivity of the HPA to hemorrhage either by circadian factors or by surgery can mask this effect.

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Hati, Febrina Suci, i Prasetya Lestari. "Pengaruh Pemberian Stimulasi pada Perkembangan Anak Usia 12-36 Bulan di Kecamatan Sedayu, Bantul". Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia 4, nr 1 (24.06.2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21927/jnki.2016.4(1).44-48.

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The important period during the growth of children is the ﬁ rst ﬁ ve years which is the golden period of life. Stimulation has important roles to improve child growth and development, especially cognitive function, psychomotor and affective. The lack of stimulation will result in the loss of function of the brain cells. Stimulations from parents and nutritional status are two factors which inﬂuence children’s growth. The purpose of this study was to identify the relation between development stimulation in 1-3 years old children. The research used analitic prospectif cohort in 1-3 year old children in Sedayu Sub-District, Bantul Regency from February until May 2015. The sampling technique used was cluster sampling. The instruments used were questionnaire, and KPSP form. Univariate data analysis technique used frequency distribution, bivariate analysis used Spearman’s rank, There was a signiﬁ cant relation between stimulation and development children in 1-3 years old (p=0,001; CI 95% ;OR=3,37).

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Viegas, Carla, Ana Monteiro, Elisabete Carolino i Susana Viegas. "Occupational exposure to bioburden in Portuguese bakeries: an approach to sampling viable microbial load". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3116.

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AbstractIn bakeries, a number of operations such as mixing are associated with exposure to air-suspended flour dust and related bioburden. The aim of this study was to find the best active sampling approach to the assessment of occupational exposure to bioburden in Portuguese bakeries based on the data obtained with the use of specific impaction and impinger devices. We used impaction to collect fungal particles from 100 L air samples onto malt extract agar (MEA) supplemented with chloramphenicol (0.05 %). For growing fungi we also used dichloran glycerol (DG18) agar-based media and for mesophilic bacteria we used tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with nystatin (0.2 %). For Enterobacteriaceae we used violet red bile agar (VRBA). With impingers we also collected 300 L air samples at the 300 L/min airflow rate, inoculated onto the same culture media. The two methods, impaction and impinger, showed statistically significant differences in the following counts: fungal on MEA (z=-2.721, p=0.007), fungal on DG18 (z=-4.830, p=0.000), total bacteria (z=-5.435, p=0.000), and Gram-negative coliforms (z=-3.716, p=0.000). In all cases the impaction method detected significantly higher concentrations than the impinger method. Fungal and bacterial loads were higher in the production unit and lower in the shop. The fungal load obtained with impaction varied between 10 and 5140 CFU m-3, and total bacterial counts ranged between 10 and 4120 CFU m-3. This study has shown that the impaction method is the best active sampling approach to assessing viable bioburden in this specific occupational environment, but a multi-faceted approach to sampling and analyses combining methods and media enables a more refined risk characterisation and, consequently, better tailored risk control measures to reduce adverse health outcomes in workers.

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Yulianingsih, Eni. "EMISI METHANA (CH4) DARI SALURAN DRAINASE LAHAN GAMBUT DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH". Agric 28, nr 1 (16.01.2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2016.v28.i1.p25-30.

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ABSTRACTPeatland development is increasingly becoming a strategic, both in terms of aspects of agronomy, and environmental aspects. Information magnitude of GHG emissions from drainage canals are important in the management of peat sustainability. Its objective is to determine the amount of GHG emissions from peatland drainage channels that are used for traditional rubber plantation. Gas sampling is done in the secondary drainage channel with a channel width of 5 m and 3 m wide tertiary. Sampling was performed six times with five points by using the lid closed cylinder. Sample was analyzed by gas chromatography flame ionization detector incorporates detector (FID) for the determination of the concentration of CH4. CH4 fluxes in peatland drainage channel width of 5 m is relatively higher than in the drainage channel width of 3 m in Jabiren peatlands of Central Kalimantan. GHG emissions in the channel width of 5 m was 542,20 ± 258,57 kg CO2-e yr-1 and 379,14 ± 260,7 kg CO2-e yr-1 of the channel width of 3 m.

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Ibikunle, Peter O., Anthea Rhoda i Mario Smith. "Structural validity and reliability of the return to work assessment scale among post stroke survivors". Work 69, nr 3 (16.07.2021): 969–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-213528.

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BACKGROUND: Return to work (RTW) after injury or illness is a behavior influenced by physical, psychological and social factors. This study aims to determine the structural validity and reliability of a return to work assessment scale using internal consistency and factor analysis. METHOD: A cross sectional survey research design was adopted for this study involving 101 Post stroke survivors. The return to work assessment scale, which was developed by Ibikunle et al. in 2019, was subjected to structural validity and reliability. RESULT: The results reveal that 58 (57.4%) were males and 43 (42.2%) females with mean ages of 53.88±10.68 years. Internal consistency was high with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.81 for Domain 1, 0.93 for Domain 2 and 0.76 for Domain 3.Test-retest reliability analysis gave an ICC of 0.85(p = 0.001) for Domain 1, Domain 2 an ICC of 0.91 (p = 0.001) and Domain 3 an ICC of 0.99 (p = 0.001). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) value for Domain 1 was X2 = 0.63 and that of Bartlett’s test of sphericity value was significant (P = 0.000), Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for Domain 2 was 0.84 and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity value was significant (P = 0.000), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy for Domain 3 was 0.66 while the Barlett’s test of sphericity was significant (p = 0.001). Therefore the factor analysis was appropriate. CONCLUSION: The return to work assessment scale is a good, internally consistent and reliable tool that has demonstrated good group and structural validity.

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PRIETO, MIGUEL, MARÍA L. GARCÍA, MARÍA R. GARCÍA, ANDRÉS OTERO i BENITO MORENO. "Distribution and Evolution of Bacteria on Lamb Carcasses During Aerobic Storage". Journal of Food Protection 54, nr 12 (1.12.1991): 945–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-54.12.945.

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The change of bacterial counts during storage life of chilled (3±1°C) lamb carcasses was determined by sampling at 0, 5, 10, and 15 d postslaughter and at the spoilage time. Three sites (neck, brisket, and leg) of each carcass were sampled using three sampling methods (swabbing, scraping, and excision of the swabbed and scraped areas). After slaughter, mean count of mesophiles (30°C) was 4.96 log10 CFU/cm2. The initial mean count of psychrotrophs (7°C) expressed as a percentage of the mean count of mesophiles was 33.4%. The mean values of mesophiles and psychrotrophs associated with spoilage were 7.4 log10/cm2 and 7.95 log10/cm2, respectively. Carcasses always had pH values above 5.8 and kept unspoiled 23–29 d. Brisket and leg were the most contaminated areas. Percentages of bacteria recovered by scraping were higher than those obtained by swabbing (ca. 20%). Bacterial counts were significantly affected by day of storage (p<0.001), sampling point (p<0.001), and temperature of incubation (p<0.05). Interaction between sampling day and sampling site was also observed.

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Lozada, Claudia Carolina, Rachel M. Park i Courtney L. Daigle. "Evaluating accurate and efficient sampling strategies designed to measure social behavior and brush use in drylot housed cattle". PLOS ONE 18, nr 1 (3.01.2023): e0278233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278233.

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Efficient sampling strategies expedite behavioral data collection. While multiple studies have evaluated sampling strategies for core behaviors in cattle, few have focused on social interactions. To identify sampling strategies that accurately captured cattle social behaviors and brush use feedlot steers (n = 3 pens; 9 steers/pen) were observed from 8:00 to 17:00. Average bout duration (sec), total duration per day (sec), and bout frequency were recorded for allogrooming, bar licking, tongue rolling, and brush utilization. Frequency was recorded for headbutting and mounting. Data was extracted from continuous observation datasets using eight different sampling strategies and the results subsequently compared. Differences among sampling strategies were evaluated using a non-parametric One-Way ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis Test. Pearson correlation evaluated the strength of association between a specific sampling strategy and continuous observations. Bout duration for allogrooming (P > 0.65), bar licking (P > 0.60), tongue rolling (P > 0.99), brush use (P > 0.99), and mounting frequency (P > 0.70) did not differ from continuous observations. Tongue rolling (r2 > 0.95, P <0.0001) and brush use (r2 > 0.70, P < 0.0003) were best captured when cattle were observed from 08:00 to 14:00. When cattle were continuously observed from 08:00 to 14:00 or for 15 minutes every 30 minutes, allogrooming (P > 0.2) (frequency, duration), bar licking (P > 0.95) (frequency, duration), brush use (P > 0.1) (frequency, duration), heat butt (P > 0.30) (frequency), or tongue rolling (P > 0.30) (frequency, duration) did not differ from continuous observations. Observing cattle for 15 minutes every 30 minutes yielded the highest accuracy for all behavioral metrics and was considered the most effective strategy for comprehensively evaluating cattle social behavior (r2 > 75; P < 0.05). These results provide insight into accurate and efficient sampling strategies that expedite social behavior data collection in cattle and will facilitate efficient generation of new knowledge regarding cattle social behaviors.

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Porksen, N., S. Munn, J. Steers, J. D. Veldhuis i P. C. Butler. "Impact of sampling technique on appraisal of pulsatile insulin secretion by deconvolution and cluster analysis". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 269, nr 6 (1.12.1995): E1106—E1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.269.6.e1106.

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Little is known about the optimal experimental conditions for assessing pulsatile insulin secretion in vivo. To address this, we employed a recently validated canine model (n = 12) to determine the consequences of 1) sampling from the systemic circulation (SC) vs. the portal vein (PV), 2) sampling intensity and duration, and 3) deconvolution vs. cluster analysis on assessing pulsatile insulin secretion. PV vs. SC sampling resulted in a approximately 40% higher pulse frequency by deconvolution (9.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.6 +/- 0.9 pulses/h, P < 0.02) and cluster analysis (7.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.6 pulses/h, P < 0.01) due to a higher signal-to-noise ratio (19 +/- 4.8 PV vs. 12 +/- 1.8 SC). PV sampling also disclosed a higher calculated contribution of the pulsatile vs. nonpulsatile mode of delivery to total insulin secretion (57 +/- 4 vs. 28 +/- 5%, P < 0.001). Analysis of the relevance of sampling intensity revealed that 1-min data yielded a markedly higher estimate of pulse frequency with PV sampling than 2-min data (9.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.5, P < 0.02, deconvolution; 7.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.6 pulses/h, P < 0.001, cluster). Optimal sampling duration was shown to be 40 min or more. We conclude that the resolving power of the analytical tool, the anatomic site of blood withdrawal, the frequency of blood sampling, and the duration of the total observation interval all significantly influence estimated insulin secretory pulse frequency and the fraction of insulin secreted in pulses. With the assumption that PV 1-min insulin data constitute the "gold standard," our in vivo inferences of 7.5-9.0 insulin pulses/h closely recapitulate in vitro islet secretory activity.

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Downes, Kevin J., Derrick Tam, Anna Sharova, Christina Vedar, Julie C. Fitzgerald, Abbas F. Jawad, Ganesh S. Moorthy i Athena F. Zuppa. "1104. Comparison of Antibiotic Sampling Techniques: Predicting Plasma Vancomycin Concentrations Using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) from Capillary and Venous/Arterial Whole Blood". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S643—S644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1298.

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Abstract Background Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is paramount to optimize the safety and efficacy of vancomycin (VAN). In children, TDM is challenged by difficulty in obtaining venous samples, impeding timely sampling. We assessed the ability of volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) as a novel, whole blood sampling technique to predict plasma VAN concentrations in plasma. Methods We conducted a prospective pilot study among critically ill children prescribed VAN for clinical care. Coincident with VAN TDM in plasma (P), we collected 20 µL of capillary whole blood (C) and venous/arterial whole blood (V) using VAMS. Paired VAMS-P samples drawn >5 mins apart and VAMS samples with over- or under-loaded filter tip on visual inspection were excluded. Plasma concentrations were measured via chemiluminescent immunoassay in the Chemistry Laboratory. VAMS C and V concentrations were measured using LC/MS in the Bioanalytic Core Laboratory. Plasma concentrations were predicted from whole blood VAMS with Passing-Bablok regression using 3 methods: 1) uncorrected VAMS measures, 2) hematocrit-corrected VAMS, and 3) lab-corrected VAMS (Figure 1). We then assessed bias, imprecision, and accuracy of plasma predictions from VAMS (C and V) as compared to coincident P concentrations for each technique (Figure 1). Figure 1. Methods for relating whole blood vancomycin concentrations collected via VAMS to plasma concentrations and measure to evaluate predictive performance. Results Paired samples were collected from 31 enrolled subjects (Figure 2), with a median age of 3.3 years (range 0.1-17.9). Measured P concentrations ranged from 4.6 - 54.9 mg/L. 11 C samples (29%) and 3 V samples (10%) were excluded due to collection issues. Prediction results are shown in Figure 3. The 3 prediction techniques had similar performance characteristics, with each method displaying minimal bias (-0.4-2.0%) and reasonable imprecision (13.7-20.2%). The accuracy of prediction of P concentrations using VAMS was better for V than C samples. Figure 2. Flow diagram from sample collection to evaluation. Abbreviations: C-P, capillary VAMS-plasma; V-P, venous/arterial VAMS-plasma; VAMS, volumetric absorptive microsampling. Figure 3. Performance of 3 techniques to predict plasma vancomycin concentrations using whole blood collected via VAMS. Conclusion Our pilot highlights the challenges of using VAMS for TDM. Sample collection issues were common. When VAMS is used, education on collection techniques is imperative. The predictive performance of VAMS was modest and V sampling had higher accuracy than C, although our sample size was small. Larger studies will be needed to further evaluate the predictive performance of the regression equations derived by our study. Disclosures Kevin J. Downes, MD, Merck, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)

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Padilha Junior, Milton C., Sérgio L. R. Donato, Paulo E. R. Donato i João A. da Silva. "Attributes of the soil with cactus pear under organic fertilization, different spacings and sampling times". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 24, nr 7 (lipiec 2020): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n7p444-450.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different doses of organic fertilizer, planting spacings and sampling times. Four doses of organic fertilizer with bovine manure (0, 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1), three spacings (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and three sampling times (0, 390 and 600 days after planting) corresponding to the periods prior to planting, growth and harvest of the first cycle, were evaluated in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme, with three repetitions. The pH in water, macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn), variables of the soil sorption complex (H + Al, SB, CEC, T, V) and soil organic matter (SOM) were determined. Organic fertilization increased the values of SOM, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, T and V and reduced H + Al in soils cultivated with ‘Gigante’ cactus pear at different times. The doses of manure increased pH and Mn, regardless of sampling time and spacing. The spacings did not influence the chemical attributes of the soil.

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Walther, Charles, Martin Jeremiasen, Pehr Rissler, Jan L. M. Johansson, Marie S. Larsson i Bruno S. C. S. Walther. "A New Method for Endoscopic Sampling of Submucosal Tissue in the Gastrointestinal Tract". Surgical Innovation 23, nr 6 (9.07.2016): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350616646478.

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Background. Sampling of submucosal lesions in the gastrointestinal tract through a flexible endoscope is a well-recognized clinical problem. One technique often used is endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, but it does not provide solid tissue biopsies with preserved architecture for histopathological evaluation. To obtain solid tissue biopsies from submucosal lesions, we have constructed a new endoscopic biopsy tool and compared it in a crossover study with the standard double cupped forceps. Methods. Ten patients with endoscopically verified submucosal lesions were sampled. The endoscopist selected the position for the biopsies and used the instrument selected by randomization. After a biopsy was harvested, the endoscopist chose the next site for a biopsy and again used the instrument picked by randomization. A total of 6 biopsies, 3 with the forceps and 3 with the drill instrument, were collected in every patient. Results. The drill instrument resulted in larger total size biopsies (mm2; Mann-Whitney U test, P = .048) and larger submucosal part (%) of the biopsies (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .003) than the forceps. Two patients were observed because of chest pain and suspicion of bleeding in 24 hours. No therapeutic measures were necessary to be taken. Conclusion. The new drill instrument for flexible endoscopy can safely deliver submucosal tissue samples from submucosal lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

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Dwijayanti, Ira. "THE EFFECT OF EGGPLANT JUICE TO THE THICKNESS OF AORTIC WALL IN WHITE RAT". Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi 20, nr 2 (październik 2021): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jtpg.v20i2.3174.

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Atherosclerosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids within arterial walls. Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin), an anthocyanin, was isolated as purple-colored crystals from eggplant peels. Nasunin protection against induced lipid peroxidation in rat. The aim of study was to determine the effect of eggplant juice to the thickness of aortic wall of white rat with atherogenic diet. This true experimental laboratoric study using control group post test design performed in white rat that placed in pharmacologic laboratory of Brawijaya University. Sampling was carried out by completely random sampling with 25 rats for the total sample. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 16. Statistical test using one-way ANOVA and continuing with post hoc Tukey. The result showed there was a significant effect between positive control of diet atherogenic with the dosage I (1,3 gr/3 ml), dosage II (2,6 gr/3 ml), and dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml) of eggplant juice to aorta wall thickness (p=0,000;p<0,05) . We can conclude that the effective dosage of eggplant juice for reducing the progression of aortic wall thickening is dosage III (5,2 gr/3 ml).

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Ioannidis, Georgios S., Søren Christensen, Katerina Nikiforaki, Eleftherios Trivizakis, Kostas Perisinakis, Adam Hatzidakis, Apostolos Karantanas, Mauricio Reyes, Maarten Lansberg i Kostas Marias. "Cerebral CT Perfusion in Acute Stroke: The Effect of Lowering the Tube Load and Sampling Rate on the Reproducibility of Parametric Maps". Diagnostics 11, nr 6 (19.06.2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061121.

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The aim of this study was to define lower dose parameters (tube load and temporal sampling) for CT perfusion that still preserve the diagnostic efficiency of the derived parametric maps. Ninety stroke CT examinations from four clinical sites with 1 s temporal sampling and a range of tube loads (mAs) (100–180) were studied. Realistic CT noise was retrospectively added to simulate a CT perfusion protocol, with a maximum reduction of 40% tube load (mAs) combined with increased sampling intervals (up to 3 s). Perfusion maps from the original and simulated protocols were compared by: (a) similarity using a voxel-wise Pearson’s correlation coefficient r with in-house software; (b) volumetric analysis of the infarcted and hypoperfused volumes using commercial software. Pearson’s r values varied for the different perfusion metrics from 0.1 to 0.85. The mean slope of increase and cerebral blood volume present the highest r values, remaining consistently above 0.7 for all protocol versions with 2 s sampling interval. Reduction of the sampling rate from 2 s to 1 s had only modest impacts on a TMAX volume of 0.4 mL (IQR −1–3) (p = 0.04) and core volume of −1.1 mL (IQR −4–0) (p < 0.001), indicating dose savings of 50%, with no practical loss of diagnostic accuracy. The lowest possible dose protocol was 2 s temporal sampling and a tube load of 100 mAs.

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Arfah, Harton, Agus Oman Sudrajat, Muhammad Agus Suprayudi i Muhammad Zairin Junior. "Biochemical study of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus broodstock induced by PMSG hormone + anti‒dopamine and turmeric addition". Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 17, nr 2 (30.07.2018): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.17.2.191-198.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate biochemical changes (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, glucose, and plasma protein) on striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus broodstock induced with PMSG hormone and turmeric addition. An observation was also done to blood glycogen content. The striped catfish broodstock was fed on commercial feed without any addition (control) and with turmeric addition (HKu). In control treatment, there was a decreasing on cholesterol, meanwhile, the triglyceride (TG) value was increased. The HDL concentration was decreased in 2nd sampling and increased in 4th sampling. In 1st until 4th sampling, glucose was quite stable, while LDL was on extremely low concentration. In HKu treatment, the cholesterol value was higher than the control treatment. The TG concentration also higher than control in 3rd sampling and decreased in 4th sampling. The HDL concentration was increased and higher than the control treatment, while LDL concentration was lower. The liver glycogen content on the control and HKu treatment were 0.015 (mg/100 mL) and 0.181 (mg/100 mL) respectively; while in the flesh of the control and HKu treatment were 0.76 (mg/100 mL) and 1.19 (mg/100 mL) respectively; and in the gonad of control and HKu treatment were 0.10 (mg/100 mL) and 0.70 (mg/100 mL) respectively. It was shown that the glycogen content in the liver, flesh, and gonad on experimental fish was higher than control treatment. Keywords : biochemistry, hormone, turmeric, channel catfish, reproduction ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan biokimia (kolesterol, trigliserida, HDL, LDL, glukosa dan protein plasma) induk ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus yang diberi perlakuan hormon PMSG dan kunyit (HKu). Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap glikogen dalam darah induk patin. Induk ikan patin diberi pakan tanpa penambahan kunyit (kontrol) dan pakan yang diberi HKu. Hasil penelitian pada kontrol menunjukkan adanya penurunan kolesterol, sedangkan pada TG mengalami peningkatan. HDL menurun pada sampling ke‒2 dan meningkat pada sampling ke‒4. Sementara itu, pada LDL rendah sekali dan pada glukosa terlihat stabil dari sampling ke‒1 sampai ke‒4. Pada perlakuan HKu terlihat bahwa pada kolesterol menghasilkan nilai lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Pada TG terlihat juga nilai lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol pada sampling ke‒3 dan menurun pada sampling ke‒4. Konsentrasi HDL meningkat dan lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol, sedangkan nilai LDL lebih rendah. Data yang diperoleh pada kadar glikogen hati perlakuan kontrol adalah 0,015 (mg/100 mL) dan HKu 0,181 (mg/100 mL); sedangkan pada daging kontrol sebesar 0,76 (mg/100 mL) dan HKu 1,19 (mg/100 mL); serta gonad kontrol 0,10 (mg/100 mL) dan HKu 0,70 (mg/100 mL). Hal ini menunjukkan kadar glikogen pada hati, daging, dan gonad ikan yang diberi perlakuan bernilai lebih tinggi dibanding kontrol. Kata kunci : biokimia, hormon, kunyit, ikan patin, reproduksi

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