Gotowa bibliografia na temat „3-D context modelling”

In the field of regenerative medicine applied to neurodegenerative diseases, one of the most important challenges is the obtainment of innovative scaffolds aimed at improving the development of new frontiers in stem-cell therapy. In recent years, additive manufacturing techniques have gained more and more relevance proving the great potential of the fabrication of precision 3-D scaffolds. In this review, recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques are presented and discussed, with an overview on stimulus-triggered approaches, such as 3-D Printing and laser-based techniques, and deposition-based approaches. Innovative 3-D bioprinting techniques, which allow the production of cell/molecule-laden scaffolds, are becoming a promising frontier in disease modelling and therapy. In this context, the specific biomaterial, stiffness, precise geometrical patterns, and structural properties are to be considered of great relevance for their subsequent translational applications. Moreover, this work reports numerous recent advances in neural diseases modelling and specifically focuses on pre-clinical and clinical translation for scaffolding technology in multiple neurodegenerative diseases.

Environmental context. Modelling of discrete sites of diagenesis in sediments (microniches) has typically been performed in 1-D and has involved a limited set of components. Here we present a new 3-D model for microniches within a traditional vertical sequence of redox reactions, and show example modelled niches of a range of sizes, close to the sediment–water interface. Microniche processes may have implications for understanding trace metal diagenesis, via formation of sulfides. The model provides a quantitative framework for examining microniche data and concepts. Abstract. Most reactive transport models have represented sediments as one-dimensional (1-D) systems and have solely considered the development of vertical concentration gradients. However, application of recently developed microscale and 2-D measurement techniques have demonstrated more complicated solute structures in some sediments, including discrete localised sites of depleted oxygen, and elevated trace metals and sulfide, referred to as microniches. A model of transport and reaction in sediments that can simulate the dynamic development of concentration gradients occurring in 3-D was developed. Its graphical user interface allows easy input of user-specified reactions and provides flexible schemes that prioritise their execution. The 3-D capability was demonstrated by quantitative modelling of hypothetical solute behaviour at organic matter microniches covering a range of sizes. Significant effects of microniches on the profiles of oxygen and nitrate are demonstrated. Sulfide is shown to be readily generated in microniches within 1 cm of the sediment surface, provided the diameter of the reactive organic material is greater than 1 mm. These modelling results illustrate the geochemical complexities that arise when processes occur in 3-D and demonstrate the need for such a model. Future use of high-resolution measurement techniques should include the collection of data for relevant major components, such as reactive iron and manganese oxides, to allow full, multicomponent modelling of microniche processes.

SUMMARY As 3-D geological models become more numerous and widely available, the opportunity arises to combine them into large regional compilations. One of the biggest challenges facing these compilations is the connection and alignment of individual models, especially in less explored areas or across political borders. In this regard, gravity modelling is suitable for revealing additional subsurface information that can support a harmonization of structural models. Here, we present an integrated geological and gravity modelling approach to support the harmonization process of two geological 3-D models of the North German Basin in the cross-border region between the federal states of Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg. Gravity gradient calculation, filtering and Euler deconvolution are utilized to reveal new insights into the local fault system and gravity anomaly sources. The independent models are merged and harmonized during 3-D forward and inverse gravity modelling. Herein, density gradients for individual layers are incorporated in the framework of model parametrization. The resulting geological 3-D model consists of harmonized interfaces and is consistent with the observed gravity field. To demonstrate the plausibility of the derived model, we discuss the new geophysical findings on the sedimentary and crustal structures of the cross-border region in the context of the regional geological setting. The cross-border region is dominated by an NW–SE oriented fault system that coincides with the Elbe Fault System. We interpret a low-density zone within the basement of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise as a northward continuation of the Pretzsch–Prettin Crystalline Complex into the basement of the North German Basin. Additionally, we observe two types of anticlines within the basin, which we link to provinces of contrasting basement rigidity. Our gravity modelling implies that the Zechstein salt has mostly migrated into the deeper parts of the basin west of the Seyda Fault. Finally, we identify a pronounced syncline that accommodates a narrow and up to 800 m deep Cenozoic basin.

We report results of an experimental investigation into the effects of small-scale (mm–cm) heterogeneities on solute spreading and mixing in a Berea sandstone core. Pulse-tracer tests have been carried out in the Péclet number regime $Pe=6{-}40$ and are supplemented by a unique combination of two imaging techniques. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to quantify subcore-scale heterogeneities in terms of permeability contrasts at a spatial resolution of approximately $10~\text{mm}^{3}$, while [11C] positron emission tomography (PET) is applied to image the spatial and temporal evolution of the full tracer plume non-invasively. To account for both advective spreading and local (Fickian) mixing as driving mechanisms for solute transport, a streamtube model is applied that is based on the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation. We refer to our modelling approach as semideterministic, because the spatial arrangement of the streamtubes and the corresponding solute travel times are known from the measured rock’s permeability map, which required only small adjustments to match the measured tracer breakthrough curve. The model reproduces the three-dimensional PET measurements accurately by capturing the larger-scale tracer plume deformation as well as subcore-scale mixing, while confirming negligible transverse dispersion over the scale of the experiment. We suggest that the obtained longitudinal dispersivity ($0.10\pm 0.02$ cm) is rock rather than sample specific, because of the ability of the model to decouple subcore-scale permeability heterogeneity effects from those of local dispersion. As such, the approach presented here proves to be very valuable, if not necessary, in the context of reservoir core analyses, because rock samples can rarely be regarded as ‘uniformly heterogeneous’.

Abstract. In this contribution, an atomic force microscope is modelled and in this context, a non-linear coupled 3-D-boundary value problem is solved numerically using the finite element method. The coupling of this system is done by using the Maxwell stress tensor. In general, an iterative weak coupling is used, where the two physical problems are solved separately. However, this method does not necessarily guarantee convergence of the nonlinear computation. Hence, this contribution shows the possibility of solving the multiphysical problem by a strong coupling, which is also referred to as monolithic approach. The electrostatic field and the mechanical displacements are calculated simultaneously by solving only one system of equation. Since the Maxwell stress tensor depends nonlinearly on the potential, the solution is solved iteratively by the Newton method.

Abstract. Computational models of mantle convection must accurately represent curved boundaries and the associated boundary conditions of a 3-D spherical shell, bounded by Earth's surface and the core–mantle boundary. This is also true for comparable models in a simplified 2-D cylindrical geometry. It is of fundamental importance that the codes underlying these models are carefully verified prior to their application in a geodynamical context, for which comparisons against analytical solutions are an indispensable tool. However, analytical solutions for the Stokes equations in these geometries, based upon simple source terms that adhere to physically realistic boundary conditions, are often complex and difficult to derive. In this paper, we present the analytical solutions for a smooth polynomial source and a delta-function forcing, in combination with free-slip and zero-slip boundary conditions, for both 2-D cylindrical- and 3-D spherical-shell domains. We study the convergence of the Taylor–Hood (P2–P1) discretisation with respect to these solutions, within the finite element computational modelling framework Fluidity, and discuss an issue of suboptimal convergence in the presence of discontinuities. To facilitate the verification of numerical codes across the wider community, we provide a Python package, Assess, that evaluates the analytical solutions at arbitrary points of the domain.

Abstract The Volvic natural mineral water is catched in a complex volcanic aquifer located in the northern part of the “Chaîne des Puys” volcanic system (Auvergne, France). In the watershed, water transits through scoria cones and basaltic to trachybasaltic lava flows. These aa lava flows, emitted by strombolian cones between 75,000 and 10,000 years ago, are emplaced in deep paleovalleys incised within the variscan crystalline bedrock. The volcanic infill is highly heterogeneous. In order to build a hydrogeological model of the watershed, a simple but robust methodology was developed to reconstruct the bedrock morphology and the volcanic infill in this paleovalley context. This methodology, based on the combination of genetic and geometric approaches, appears to be rather efficient to define both the substratum and the lava flows geometry. A 3D geological model is then proposed. It synthesizes the data from 99 boreholes logs, 2D geoelectric profiles, morphologic clues, datings and petrographic data. A genetic approach, integrating aa lava flow morphology and emplacement behaviour, was used to reconstruct the chronology of the volcanic events and lava flow emplacement from the upper part of the Dômes plateau to the Limagne plain. The precision of the volcanic reconstruction is discussed: the main limitation of the methodology are related to the homogeneity of the petrographic and geochemical composition of the lava flows succession (except for the trachyandesitic Nugere lava), the spatially variable borehole density, the lack of a real petrographical and geological description on most of the available geological logs. Nevertheless, the developed methodology combining spatial and genetic approaches appears to be well adapted to constrain complex lava flow infill geometries in paleovalley context.

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.

Abstract. The international endeavour to retrieve a continuous ice core, which spans the middle Pleistocene climate transition ca. 1.2–0.9 Myr ago, encompasses a multitude of field and model-based pre-site surveys. We expand on the current efforts to locate a suitable drilling site for the oldest Antarctic ice core by means of 3-D continental ice-sheet modelling. To this end, we present an ensemble of ice-sheet simulations spanning the last 2 Myr, employing transient boundary conditions derived from climate modelling and climate proxy records. We discuss the imprint of changing climate conditions, sea level and geothermal heat flux on the ice thickness, and basal conditions around previously identified sites with continuous records of old ice. Our modelling results show a range of configurational ice-sheet changes across the middle Pleistocene transition, suggesting a potential shift of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a marine-based configuration. Despite the middle Pleistocene climate reorganisation and associated ice-dynamic changes, we identify several regions conducive to conditions maintaining 1.5 Myr (million years) old ice, particularly around Dome Fuji, Dome C and Ridge B, which is in agreement with previous studies. This finding strengthens the notion that continuous records with such old ice do exist in previously identified regions, while we are also providing a dynamic continental ice-sheet context.

Abstract. This paper presents the current status of development of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system. The system can be used with different numerical weather prediction models, but it is mainly designed to be coupled with the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS). Analyses are given for the following parameters: zonal and meridional wind components, temperature, relative humidity, and geopotential height. Important features of the data assimilation system are the use of incremental formulation of the cost-function, and the use of an analysis space represented by recursive filters and eigenmodes of the vertical background error matrix. This matrix and the length-scale of the recursive filters are estimated by the National Meteorological Center (NMC) method. The data assimilation and forecasting system is applied to the real context of atmospheric profiling data assimilation, and in particular to the short-term wind prediction. The analyses are produced at 20 km horizontal resolution over central Europe and extend over the whole troposphere. Assimilated data are vertical soundings of wind, temperature, and relative humidity from radiosondes, and wind measurements of the European wind profiler network. Results show the validity of the analysis solutions because they are closer to the observations (lower RMSE) compared to the background (higher RMSE), and the differences of the RMSEs are consistent with the data assimilation settings. To quantify the impact of improved initial conditions on the short-term forecast, the analyses are used as initial conditions of a three-hours forecast of the RAMS model. In particular two sets of forecasts are produced: (a) the first uses the ECMWF analysis/forecast cycle as initial and boundary conditions; (b) the second uses the analyses produced by the 3-D-Var scheme as initial conditions, then is driven by the ECMWF forecast. The improvement is quantified by considering the horizontal components of the wind, which are measured at a-synoptic times by the European wind profiler network. The results show that the RMSE is effectively reduced at the short range (1–2 h). The results are in agreement with the set-up of the numerical experiment.

Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Numerical Modelling, Physical Modelling, Contact Tanks, Hydrodynamics, Hydraulic Efficiency, Solute Transport, Mixing Processes, Finite Volume Method, Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry, Tracer Techniques.

This thesis is concerned with maximizing the coding efficiency, random accessibility and visual performance of scalable compressed video. The unifying theme behind this work is the use of finely embedded localized coding structures, which govern the extent to which these goals may be jointly achieved. The first part focuses on scalable volumetric image compression. We investigate 3D transform and coding techniques which exploit inter-slice statistical redundancies without compromising slice accessibility. Our study shows that the motion-compensated temporal discrete wavelet transform (MC-TDWT) practically achieves an upper bound to the compression efficiency of slice transforms. From a video coding perspective, we find that most of the coding gain is attributed to offsetting the learning penalty in adaptive arithmetic coding through 3D code-block extension, rather than inter-frame context modelling. The second aspect of this thesis examines random accessibility. Accessibility refers to the ease with which a region of interest is accessed (subband samples needed for reconstruction are retrieved) from a compressed video bitstream, subject to spatiotemporal code-block constraints. We investigate the fundamental implications of motion compensation for random access efficiency and the compression performance of scalable interactive video. We demonstrate that inclusion of motion compensation operators within the lifting steps of a temporal subband transform incurs a random access penalty which depends on the characteristics of the motion field. The final aspect of this thesis aims to minimize the perceptual impact of visible distortion in scalable reconstructed video. We present a visual optimization strategy based on distortion scaling which raises the distortion-length slope of perceptually significant samples. This alters the codestream embedding order during post-compression rate-distortion optimization, thus allowing visually sensitive sites to be encoded with higher fidelity at a given bit-rate. For visual sensitivity analysis, we propose a contrast perception model that incorporates an adaptive masking slope. This versatile feature provides a context which models perceptual significance. It enables scene structures that otherwise suffer significant degradation to be preserved at lower bit-rates. The novelty in our approach derives from a set of "perceptual mappings" which account for quantization noise shaping effects induced by motion-compensated temporal synthesis. The proposed technique reduces wavelet compression artefacts and improves the perceptual quality of video.

This paper deals with the interaction of sea waves with a moored floating rectangular structure. The problem is of interest in various practical situations such as the design of floating breakwaters and of artificial islands, and the modelling of wave-ice sheet interaction. In the paper the incident wave field is modelled as a Gaussian stochastic process of a specified spectrum. In this context a diffraction problem and a radiation problem are posed. The related boundary value problem is discussed and solved by an eigen-functions expansion matching method. The method renders an estimate of the velocity potential at the first order in a Stokes’ expansion and, thus, of the wave pressure and of the wave forces. Several hydrodynamic quantities of interest are investigated. Specifically, reflection and transmission coefficients are derived and represented as a function of the structural dimensions. Further, the added mass and radiation damping terms are estimated. Then, the dynamics of the floating structure is examined by considering a 3-D-O-F system. Next, the wave-structure interaction is investigated in the context of a Quasi-Determinism theory. It is shown that the developed approach can be employed to account for both the dynamic and hydrodynamic effects of a structure in which diffraction is not negligible. The theoretical results are supplemented with data from pertinent Monte Carlo simulations.

Abstract An involute helical gear tooth is modelled by using helical gear geometry and a solid modelling package, and this model is used to determine the load distribution on contact lines of mating teeth, and to make the stress analysis by using three-dimensional tetrahedron finite elements with four nodes. Tooth contact analysis is made by using the theory of gearing. Geometry of the cutting tool is used to determine the surface equations of the pinion and the gear in their own coordinate systems, then these equations are transformed to a fixed coordinate system to make the tooth contact analysis and to find the coordinates of contact points. Found contact point coordinates are then transformed back to the original coordinate systems and contact lines on helical gear teeth are formed. Results of this analysis is used to determine the application points and directions of the forces acting on the tooth. Then the stiffnesses of meshing teeth and the load distributions on contact lines are found, which are then used for stress analysis.

Reliable estimation of the on-site sea state parameters is essential to decision support systems for safe navigation of ships. The sea state parameters can be estimated by Bayesian Modelling which uses complex-valued frequency response functions (FRF) to estimate the wave spectrum on the basis of measured ship responses. It is therefore interesting to investigate how the filtering aspect, introduced by FRF, affects the final outcome of the estimation procedures. The paper contains a study based on numerical generated time series, and the study shows that filtering has an influence on the estimations, since high frequency components of the wave excitations are not estimated as accurately as lower frequency components. Moreover, the paper investigates how the final outcome of the Bayesian Modelling is influenced by the accuracy of the FRF. Thus, full-scale data is analysed by use of FRF calculated by a 3-D time domain code and by closed-form (analytical) expressions, respectively. Based on comparisons with wave radar measurements and satellite measurements it is seen that the wave estimations based on closed-form expressions exhibit a reasonable energy content, but the distribution of energy appears to be incorrect.

Abstract This paper presents a creative energy harvesting system using a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever-beam to power wireless sensors in an IoT network for the Sunshine Skyway Bridge. The bimorph piezoelectric energy harvester (BPEH) comprises a cantilever beam as a substrate sandwiched between two piezoelectric layers to remarkably harness ambient vibrations of an inclined stay cable and convert them into electrical energy when the cable is subjected to a harmonic acceleration. To investigate and design the bridge energy harvesting system, a field measurement was required for collecting cable vibration data. The results of a non-contact laser vibrometer is used to remotely measure the dynamic characteristics of the inclined cables. A finite element study is employed to simulate a 3-D model of the proposed BPEH by COMSOL Multiphasics. The FE modelling results showed that the average power generated by the BPEH excited by a harmonic acceleration of 1 m/s2 at 1 Hz is up to 614 μW which satisfies the minimum electric power required for the sensor node in the proposed IoT network. In this research a LoRaWAN architecture is also developed to utilize the BPEH as a sustainable and sufficient power resource for an IoT platform which uses wireless sensor networks installed on the bridge stay cables to collect and remotely transfer bridge health monitoring data over the bridge in a low-power manner.

This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.