Artykuły w czasopismach: „2D+C (Program)”

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Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra, i Aikaterini Peperidou. "Exploring Cinnamic Acid Multitarget Hybrids in Terms of 2D-QSAR". International Journal of Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships 4, nr 3 (lipiec 2019): 34–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijqspr.2019070103.

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Cinnamic acids hybrids present a variety of significant biological activities and are characterized as pleiotropic agents. The 2D- QSAR analysis presented here attempts to identify the structural features and physicochemical properties of cinnamic acids hybrids presenting: a) antitumor activity; b) immunosuppressive activity; c) inhibitory activity on various enzymes; d) antioxidant activity. A 2D-QSAR analysis was carried out for 26 data sets of compounds taken from the literature using the C-QSAR program of Biobyte. In 5 cases hydrophobicity appeared to be important. Steric factors in the form of overall molar refractivity (CMR), molar refractivity of the substituents (MR), molar volume (MgVol) and the Verloop Sterimol parameters have a significant impact on the biological activity whereas electronic parameters as Hammett σp, σm, σo or Σσ appear in most of the cases. The anticancer as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of caffeic acid hybrids are governed by lipophilicity, electron and stereochemical factors.

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Prabhakar Rao, K., i G. Ashok Babu. "EMOD2D—a program in C++ for finite difference modelling of magnetotelluric TM mode responses over 2D earth". Computers & Geosciences 32, nr 9 (listopad 2006): 1499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.02.017.

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Pan, Ya-Ru, Xiu-Mei Li, Jian-Ye Ji i Qing-Wei Wang. "Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Theoretical Calculations of Two Cobalt, Nickel Coordination Polymers with 5-Nitroisophthalic Acid and Bis(imidazol) Ligands". Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, nr 11 (2016): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16110.

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Two new complexes [Co(NIPH)(bimb)(H2O)]n (1) and [Ni(NIPH)(mbix)]n (2) (H2NIPH = 5-nitroisophthalic acid, bimb = 1,4-bis(imidazol-1-yl)butane, mbix = 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) have been hydrothermally synthesised and structurally characterised by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 exhibits a two-dimensional (2D) network, which was stabilised through O–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions. Complex 2 shows a two-dimensional (2D) network structure, which was further extended into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure through C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. Moreover, we analysed the natural bond orbital (NBO) using the PBE0/LANL2DZ method in the Gaussian 03 program. The calculation results indicated the obvious covalent interactions between the coordinated atoms and the CoII or NiII ion.

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Sofjan, Hendy, Jeanny Pragantha i Darius Andana Haris. "PEMBUATAN GAME 2D VIRTUAL PET “BARCOMON” DENGAN FITUR BARCODE SCANNER". Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Sistem Informasi 8, nr 2 (5.08.2020): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jiksi.v8i2.11529.

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“Barcomon” is a virtual pet game for smartphone with an Android Operating System. This game was made using C# programming language and Unity as the development program. In this game, player will act as a Coder with a goal to achieve the Code Master title by winning all the battle on The Forum. Coder must take care and train the monsters. Player can get the monsters by scanning any barcode from any daily product. The testing of this game is done by using a blackbox testing method, alpha testing, and beta testing with a survey distributed to 39 respondents. The survey shows that Barcomon is a game with an interesting gameplay, easy to play, and has a unique barcode scanning feature that is rarely found in other games.

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Gordillo, Geovanny, Mario Morales-Hernández, I. Echeverribar, Javier Fernández-Pato i Pilar García-Navarro. "A GPU-based 2D shallow water quality model". Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, nr 5 (8.07.2020): 1182–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.030.

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Abstract In this study, a 2D shallow water flow solver integrated with a water quality model is presented. The interaction between the main water quality constituents included is based on the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program. Efficiency is achieved by computing with a combination of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) device. This technique is intended to provide robust and accurate simulations with high computation speedups with respect to a single-core CPU in real events. The proposed numerical model is evaluated in cases that include the transport and reaction of water quality components over irregular bed topography and dry–wet fronts, verifying that the numerical solution in these situations conserves the required properties (C-property and positivity). The model can operate in any steady or unsteady form allowing an efficient assessment of the environmental impact of water flows. The field data from an unsteady river reach test case are used to show that the model is capable of predicting the measured temporal distribution of dissolved oxygen and water temperature, proving the robustness and computational efficiency of the model, even in the presence of noisy signals such as wind speed.

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Bielecki, Włodzimierz, i Piotr Błaszyński. "Parallel Tiled Code for Computing General Linear Recurrence Equations". Electronics 10, nr 17 (25.08.2021): 2050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172050.

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In this article, we present a technique that allows us to generate parallel tiled code to calculate general linear recursion equations (GLRE). That code deals with multidimensional data and it is computing-intensive. We demonstrate that data dependencies available in an original code computing GLREs do not allow us to generate any parallel code because there is only one solution to the time partition constraints built for that program. We show how to transform the original code to another one that exposes dependencies such that there are two linear distinct solutions to the time partition restrictions derived from these dependencies. This allows us to generate parallel 2D tiled code computing GLREs. The wavefront technique is used to achieve parallelism, and the generated code conforms to the OpenMP C/C++ standard. The experiments that we conducted with the resulting parallel 2D tiled code show that this code is much more efficient than the original serial code computing GLREs. Code performance improvement is achieved by allowing parallelism and better locality of the target code.

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Li, Xiao-Hong, i Xian-Zhou Zhang. "The spectroscopic NMR analysis of 2-dicyanovinyl-5-phenylthiophene by the density functional method". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, nr 6 (czerwiec 2013): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2012-0482.

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Quantum chemistry calculations have been performed by using the Gaussian03 program to compute the optimized geometry and harmonic vibrational frequency of 2-dicyanovinyl-5-phenylthiophene (C14H8N2S) in the ground state. Atomic charges at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level are also calculated. Potential energy distributions (PEDs) using MOLVIB program are also used to interpret the theoretical vibrational spectra of the title compound. A detailed interpretation of the infrared spectra of the title compound is reported. The theoretical spectrograms for the IR spectra of the title compound have been constructed. The crystal structure obtained by molecular mechanics belongs to the P21 space group, with lattice parameters Z = 2, a = 6.6745 Å, b = 14.7672 Å, c = 11.0986 Å, ρ = 0.921 g cm–3. In addition, the 13C and 1H NMR are further investigated by the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) methods.

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She, Chen Hua, Jian Yu Lin i Shen Yung Lin. "Numerical Control Programming System for Mill-Turn Machining". Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (październik 2015): 1154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1154.

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To develop the numerical control program of mill-turn machine, the traditional method is to apply the computer-aided design and manufacture software to construct the geometric model, then to generate tool path and convert the path to NC program. For complex numerical control program of mill-turn machine, such as the multiple turret synchronized motion machining, because of the need to control time sequence, the NC program is highly required on using of dedicated software system. The objective of this paper is to establish a mill-turn machining system with window interface of via the language of Borland C++ Builder. The developed system can plan the machining path of simple mill-turn features, including turning shape, axial slot milling, and radial packet milling, and generate the corresponding NC program. For the milling functions, after the offset coordinates are calculated along the polygonal angle vector in the center point of cutters, the NC program is generated. For the turning functions, through importing the 2D DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file and inputting related configurations, the entity coordinates can be retrieved and the corresponding NC program is then converted. By means of the solid cutting simulation software and practical cutting experiment for the generated numerical control program, the accuracy of the tool path generation algorithm is confirmed. Hence, the cost of purchasing commercial software can be saved and the time of generating program can also be decreased so that the working efficiency can be enhanced.

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Manуuk, Oleksandr, i Yaroslav Sokolovskyy. "Development of Algorithm and Data Structure for 2D Regions Discrete Model Elements Accelerated Search". Computer Design Systems. Theory and Practice 6, nr 1 (2024): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/cds2024.01.079.

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This paper is devoted to improving the search request processing productivity for planar discrete models used in engineering software. A data structure has been developed to accelerate the search for discretization elements based on a hierarchical triangular mesh. The developed indexing structure is built by a downward iterative algorithm, which constructs each new level of the hierarchy based on the previous level or indexed triangulation by simplifying it, which ensures that the morphology of the triangulation mesh is preserved throughout all levels of the hierarchical indexing structure. The developed building algorithm ensures the presence of tree-like connections between the levels of the hierarchical triangulation mesh, which allows downward navigation between geometrically close triangles. Search acceleration is achieved by performing a directed search in the top level of the indexing structure and then navigating between levels using downward links until the indexed triangle is found. The program implementation was carried out using C++17, and visualization of triangulation grids and isolines was carried out using the ObjectARX library. Based on the software implementation, an executive library was created.

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Edy Soesanto, Aly Rasyid i Hadi Suyanto. "Perencanaan Desain Offshore Kontruksi Bawah Laut menggunakan Pengolahan Data Pemodelan Geofisika dengan Program Simulasi 3D Surfer". JURNAL BHARA PETRO ENERGI 1, nr 2 (26.07.2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/bpe.v1i2.1447.

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Abstract Underwater construction design planning is increasingly being developed as a 3D modeling simulation, because 3D simulation is expected to be able to make the initial plan for making a design framework. Surfer is one of the software that was created for the purpose of making contour maps and three-dimensional modeling based on existing grids and simplifying and accelerating data conversion activities into the form of contour maps and surface plots. One of the applications is Surfer in the field of Underwater Technology development is 3D modeling simulation and bathymetric contour map making, sediment layer modeling using SBP data and making current stick plots to determine circulation and current velocity and direction. In addition, Surfer can also display maps in 2D or 3D. on this occasion Surfer 16 software will be used to process marine acoustic data with X (Easting) data, Y (Northing) data and six Z layer depths, namely Z1-Z6, the data is processed in one step to make 2D and 3D models which are then will be interpreted as a simulation material for the initial planning of the underwater construction design. Keywords: design, offshore, construction, underwater, surfer Abstrak Perencanaan desain kontruksi bawah laut semakain banyak dikembangkan sebagai simulasi pemodelan 3D, karena simulasi 3D diharapkan dapat menjadikan rencana awal pembuatan kerangka desain. Surfer adalah salah satu dari perangkat lunak yang diciptakan untuk kegunaan pembuatan peta kontur dan pemodelan tiga dimensi yang berdasarkan grid yang ada dan mempermudah serta mempercepat akvitas konversi data ke dalam bentuk peta kontur dan plot permukaan. Salah satu aplikasi adalah Surfer dalam bidang pengembangan Teknologi Bawah laut adalah simulasi pemodelan 3D dan pembuatan peta kontur batimetri, pemodelan lapisan sedimen melalui data SBP dan pembuatan stick plot arus untuk mengetahui sirkulasi dan kecepatan dan arah arus. Selain itu, Surfer juga dapat menampilkan peta secara 2D ataupun 3D. pada kesempatan ini software Surfer 16 yang akan digunakan unutk mengolah data akustik kelautan dengan data X (Easting) ,data Y (Northing) dan enam kedalaman lapisan Z yaitu Z1-Z6, data tersebut diproses dengan sebuah tahapan untuk menjadikan model 2D dan 3D yang selanjutnya akan di interpretasi sebagai bahan simulasi perencanaan awal desain kontruksi bawah laut. Kata kunci: desain, offshore, kuntruksi, bawah laut, surfer Reference: Septina Anggiani. Pengolahan data oseanografi dengan surfer 10.0 dan odv 4.0 Surya, Yohanes Sam. 2008. Surfer8.http://www.gis4u.net [26 November2013] International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Standard for Hydrographic Surveys, Special Publication No.44 (SP.44), 5th Edition, February 2008 Alba, J. L. and Audibert, J. M. E. (1999). “Pile design in calcareous and carbonaceous granular materials: a historical overview”, Second International Conference Engineering on for Calcareous Sediments, Bahrain American Petroleum Institute (2000). “Recommended practice for planning, designing, and constructing fixed offshore platforms-working stress design”, API Recommended Practice 2A-WSD (RP 2A-WSD), (21’‘ ed.). API, Washington, D.C Anderson, D. G. and Stokoe, K. H. (1978). “Shear modulus: a time-dependent soil property”, Dynamic Geotechnical Testing, ASTM STP 654, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 66-90. Angemeer, J., Carlson, E. D., and Klick, J. H. (1973). “Techniques and results of offshore pile load testing in calcareous soils”, Proceedings, Ffth Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Vol. 2, pp. 677-692 Bogard, J. D. and Matlock, H. (1990). “Application of model pile tests to axial pile design”, Proceedings, Twenty-Second Annual Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Paper No. 6376 Coyle, H. M. and Gibson, G. C. (1970). “Empirical damping constants for sands and clays”. Journal, Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 96, No. SM3, pp. 949-965. Cox, W. R. and Reese, L. C. (1976). “Pullout tests of grouted piles in stiff”, Proceedings, Eighth Offshore Technology Conference, OTC 2473, Houston, Vol. 2, pp. 539-55 1 Datta, M., Gulhati, S. K., and Rao, G. V. (1980). “An appraisal of the existing practice of determining the axial load capacity of deep penetration piles in calcareous sands”, Proceedings, Twelfth Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Vol. 4, pp. 1 19-1 30

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Křepela, J., i Vladislav Singule. "Simulation of the Dynamic Behaviors of the C Axis Drive by the Turning Center". Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (styczeń 2009): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.356.

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The paper describes the mathematical model for C axis of the multifunction turning center with worm gear. Talks about the mathematical model with multi-body mass dynamic system. The drive works in the positional feedback and his mathematical model is specified for detection of the dynamical behaviors of the C axis. The turning center is designed for a heavy roughing forged piece from high carbon steels by the power of main motor 71kW. The C axis must be designed as accurate angle position axis and with big dynamic stability of regulation by step or pulse loading. The C axis drive is constructed with help of a hydraulic connected up the worm gearing on a spindle. The driven side of the worm gear is created two dual worms with own servomotors. Worm wheel is solved as one part with two gears. Servomotors are controlled with the mode speed/torque coupling (MASTER-SLAVE), which guarantees the constant torque prestressing between the servomotors. The difference of a torques guarantees leaning of both worm teeth on opposite tooth faces of both gears of the worm wheel. In the dynamic model are involved the friction on the worm gears, torsion stiffness located with help of the FEM and moment of inertia for all parts. 3D models of the C axis is designed in the program ProEngineer. From complete 3D model of the C axis are transfered individual parts to the FEM in surroundings Ansys as volume parts. In this paper is main output influence of the diference between the 3D and 2D for calculation of the stiffness in the contact of the worm gear on the whole dynamic system of the C axis. The value of the torsion stiffness by more situation of the load on the worm gear is used subsequently to the multi-body mass system of the C axis drive and to the eigen frequencies analyses. Results of this paper will be sensitivity check of the changing torsion stiffness on the worm gear by the loading changing on the resulted position accuracy on the C axis. Next review is, if the control modul MASTER-SLAVE is partially this problem of the difference between values of stiffness from 2D or 3D model or also stiffness non-linearity eliminated.

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Deliiski, Nencho, i Natalia Tumbarkova. "An Approach for Computing the Heat Sources in Logs Subjected to Freezing". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 14, nr 1 (1.06.2018): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aslh-2018-0002.

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Abstract This study suggests an approach for computing the specific energies of the internal heat sources in logs subjected to freezing. The approach maximally considers the physics of the freezing processes of both the free and the bound water in wood. It reflects the influence on the mentioned energies of the wood density above and below the hygroscopic range. It also considers the icing degrees formed separately by both the free and bound water in the logs, as well as the influence of the fiber saturation point of each wood species on its respective amount of non-frozen water depending on temperatures below 272.15 K. Mathematical descriptions of the specific heat energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw released in logs during free water freezing in the range from 0 °C to −1 °C and of the bound water below –1 °C, respectively, have been executed. These descriptions are introduced in own 2D non-linear mathematical model of the freezing process of logs. For the solution of the model and computation of the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw, a software program based on the suggested approach and mathematical descriptions was prepared in FORTRAN, which was input into the calculation environment of Visual Fortran. With the aid of the program, computations were completed to determine the energies Qv-fw and Qv-bw and their sum, Qv-total of a beech log subjected to freezing. The beech log had a diameter of 0.24 m, a length of 0.48 m, an initial temperature of 20.5 °C, a basic density of 683 kg·m−3, and a moisture content of 0.48 kg·kg–1 during its 30 hours in a freezer at approximately −30 °C.

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Parwoto, Parwoto, Sigit Widadi i Sri Handari Wahyuningsih. "Strengthening the Capacity of Bonorejo Hamlet Residents in the Development of The Ngesong Waterfall Tourism Object". Proceeding International Conference of Community Service 1, nr 1 (31.07.2023): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/iccs.v1i1.11.

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This PPM KKN service program carried out in the hamlet Bonorejo , Gulurejo , Lendah , Kulon Progo . PPM KKN program aim For give strengthening (empowerment) to institutional hamlet Bonorejo in area development for strengthen Power support ( call ) objects Ngseong waterfall tour. dedication program This held for 1 month start January 20th _ until February 19 , 2023, collab with KKN 173 group with partners residents of Bonorejo Hamlet . Implementation of the service program This done use method Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) through a number of stage namely : 1) Observation and Data Collection , 2) Programming , 3) Socialization and Preparation , 4) Implementation , and 5) Reporting . PPM KKN program succeed shape and improve capacity institutional public hamlet Bonorejo through Suite activities which include : 1) Counseling potential and development tour based hamlet as well as Formation Group Manager Travel ( hamlet level ) with Name Karsan Jaya, 2) Preparation of the development Master Plan Ngesong Waterfall Tour in form 2D drawings , 3) Formation / pioneering garden fruit longan as Power support tour an area of 500m2, 4) Extension and Training for craftsman neck , 5) Extension and Formation Women Farmers Group (KWT) with name Lestari Makmur, 6) Facilitation / stimulant assistance to formed groups _ in the form of : a) assistance equipment for craftsmen _ look , b) Help seeds longan for group manager tour as an initial stimulant realization garden fruit longan . c) Help seeds plant hard For guard sustainability Ngseong waterfalls and nature, d) help seeds vegetables for Farmer Women's Group

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Ramadhan, Rizki, Munirwansyah Munirwansyah i Munira Sungkar. "Faktor Keamanan Stabilitas Lereng pada Kondisi Eksisting dan Setelah Diperkuat Dinding Penahan Tanah Tipe Counterfort dengan Program Plaxis". Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia 5, nr 1 (8.12.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33366/rekabuana.v5i1.1485.

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The Aceh Tengah / Gayo Lues-Blangkejeren road segment (N.022) Km 438 + 775 is one of the Central Cross National Roads in the Province of Aceh, which often experiences landslides due to being in hilly areas. Landslides that occur in these locations are caused by scouring of road runoff, lack of optimal drainage and the absence of outlets for drainage and soil layers under asphalt pavement consisting of loose material. Therefore, a slope reinforcement study with Counterfort type retaining wall is needed. This study aims to analyze slope stability by obtaining safety factor numbers and identifying slope failure patterns. Analysis was carried out to obtain safety factors and slope failure patterns by using 2D Plaxis and slice methods. The calculation of safety factors for Counterfort type retaining walls is done manually. The input soil parameters used are dry volume weight (gd), wet volume weight (gw), permeability (k), modulus young (Eref), paisson's ratio (υ), shear angle (f), cohesion (c) . The results of slope stability analysis on the existing conditions using the Plaxis program and the slice method with radius (r) 65.06 meters found that safety factors were 1.038 and 1.079 with unsafe slope conditions (FK <1.25). The results of the analysis after reinforced counterfort and minipile type retaining wall with a length of 12 meters found 1,268 safety factor numbers with unsafe slope conditions (FK <1,5). Thus, additional reinforcement is needed by using anchor on the counterfort. The results of slope stability analysis after reinforced counterfort, minipile and anchor type retaining walls with a length of 20 meters and a slope of 30 ° were obtained with a safety factor number of 1.513 with safe slope conditions (SF> 1.5).ABSTRAKRuas jalan batas Aceh Tengah/Gayo Lues-Blangkejeren (N.022) Km 438+775 merupakan salah satu ruas jalan Nasional Lintas Tengah Provinsi Aceh, yang sering mengalami terjadi tanah longsor karena berada di daerah perbukitan. Longsoran yang terjadi pada lokasi tersebut disebabkan oleh gerusan air limpasan permukaan jalan, kurang optimalnya drainase dan tidak adanya outlet untuk pembuangan air serta lapisan tanah di bawah perkerasan aspal terdiri dari material lepas. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kajian perkuatan lereng dengan dinding penahan tanah tipe Counterfort. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis stabilitas lereng dengan mendapatkan angka faktor keamanan dan mengidentifikasi pola keruntuhan lereng. Analisis dilakukan untuk mendapatkan faktor keamanan dan pola keruntuhan lereng yaitu dengan menggunakan program Plaxis 2D dan metode irisan. Perhitungan faktor keamanan untuk dinding penahan tanah tipe Counterfort dilakukan secara manual. Adapun parameter tanah input yang digunakan adalah berat volume kering (gd), berat volume basah (gw), permeabilitas (k), modulus young (Eref), paisson’s rasio (υ), sudut geser (f), kohesi (c). Hasil analisis stabilitas lereng pada kondisi eksisting menggunakan program Plaxis dan metode irisan dengan jari-jari (r) 65,06 meter didapatkan akan faktor keamanan sebesar 1,038 dan 1,079 dengan kondisi lereng tidak aman (FK < 1,25). Hasil analisis setelah diperkuat dinding penahan tanah tipe counterfort dan minipile dengan panjang 12 meter didapatkan angka faktor keamanan 1,268 dengan kondisi lereng tidak aman (FK < 1,5). Dengan demikian, maka diperlukan perkuatan tambahan dengan menggunakan angkur pada counterfort. Hasil analisis stabilitas lereng setelah diperkuat dinding penahan tanah tipe counterfort, minipile dan angkur dengan panjang 20 meter serta sudut kemiringan 30° didapatkan angka faktor keamanan 1,513 dengan kondisi lereng aman (SF > 1,5).Kata kunci : longsoran; counterfort; plaxis 2D; faktor keamanan.

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Khodamoradi, Shadi, Marc Stadler, Joachim Wink i Frank Surup. "Litoralimycins A and B, New Cytotoxic Thiopeptides from Streptomonospora sp. M2". Marine Drugs 18, nr 6 (26.05.2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18060280.

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Streptomonospora sp. M2 has been isolated from a soil sample collected at the Wadden Sea beach in our ongoing program aimed at the isolation of rare Actinobacteria, ultimately targeting the discovery of new antibiotics. Because crude extracts derived from cultures of this strain showed inhibitory activity against the indicator organism Bacillus subtilis, it was selected for further analysis. HPLC–MS analysis of its culture broth revealed the presence of lipophilic metabolites. The two major metabolites of those were isolated by preparative reversed-phase HPLC and preparative TLC. Their planar structures were elucidated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR data as new thiopeptide antibiotics and named litoralimycin A (1) and B (2). Although rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY) data established a Z configuration of the Δ21,26 double bond, the stereochemistry of C-5 and C-15 were assigned as S by Marfey’s method after ozonolysis. The biological activity spectrum of 1 and 2 is highly uncommon for thiopeptide antibiotics, since they showed only insignificant antibacterial activity, but 1 showed strong cytotoxic effects.

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Infante-Rojas, Harvey, Leonardo Marino-Ramirez i Javier Hernández-Fernández. "Structural analysis of leucine, lysine and tryptophan mitochondrial tRNA of nesting turtles Caretta caretta (Testudines: Chelonioidea) in the Colombian Caribbean". PeerJ 8 (18.06.2020): e9204. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9204.

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The understanding of the functional properties of mitochondrial transfer RNA (mt tRNAs) depend on the knowledge of its structure. tRNA acts as an interface between polynucleotides and polypeptides thus, they are key molecules in protein biosynthesis. The tRNA molecule has a functional design and, given its importance in the translation of mitochondrial genes, it is plausible that modifications of the structure can affect the synthesis of proteins and the functional properties of the mitochondria. In a previous work, the mitochondrial genome of an individual of the nesting Caretta caretta of the Colombian Caribbean was obtained, where specific mutations were identified in the only tRNALeu (CUN), tRNATrp and tRNALys genes. In order to analyze the effect of these mutations on these three mt tRNAs, the prediction of 2D and 3D structures was performed. Genes were sequenced in 11 nesting loggerhead turtles from the Colombian Caribbean. Two-dimensional structures were inferred using the ARWEN program, and three-dimensional structures were obtained with the RNA Composer 3D program. Two polymorphisms were identified in tRNATrp and another one was located in tRNALys, both specific to C. caretta. The thymine substitution in nucleotide position 14 of tRNATrp could constitute an endemic polymorphism of the nesting colony of the Colombian Caribbean. Two 2D and three 3D patterns were obtained for tRNATrp. In the case of tRNALys and tRNALeu 2D and 3D structures were obtained respectively, which showed compliance to canonical structures, with 4 bp in the D-arm, 4–5 bp in the T-arm, and 5 bp in the anticodon arm. Moderate deviations were found, such as a change in the number of nucleotides, elongation in loops or stems and non-Watson–Crick base pairing: adenine–adenine in stem D of tRNATrp, uracil–uracil and adenine–cytosine in the acceptor arm of the tRNALys and cytosine–cytosine in the anticodon stem of the tRNALeu. In addition, distortions or lack of typical interactions in 3D structures gave them unique characteristics. According to the size of the variable region (4–5 nt), the three analyzed tRNAs belong to class I. The interactions in the three studied tRNAs occur mainly between D loop—variable region, and between spacer bases—variable region, which classifies them as tRNA of typology II. The polymorphisms and structural changes described can, apparently, be post-transcriptionally stabilized. It will be crucial to perform studies at the population and functional levels to elucidate the synthetic pathways affected by these genes. This article analyses for the first time the 1D, 2D and 3D structures of the mitochondrial tRNALys, tRNATrp and tRNALeu in the loggerhead turtle.

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Zhang, Jianghong, Kan Chen, Yijin Ma, Mingzhong Feng, Wei Liu, Junkai Zhang i Hebin Ren. "Analysis of the O-rings that influence the performance of RCP hydrostatic seal based on TEH coupling method". MATEC Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236301019.

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A Multi-body contacting Thermal-Elastic-Hydro Model, MTEHM has been established in this study. And which has been applied to analysis the leakage behavior of No.1 seal of the RCP hydrostatic seal. The hydro-model is based on 2D Reynolds equation and programmed by M-code. An interface program written in C has been carried out. And which is used to transit the end face pressure value from hydro-model to elastic-solid model. The FEA multi-body contacting method has been taken into the elastic-solid model. And which is used to obtain the deformation angle of seal rings. An opening force ratio has been carried out as a convergent judgment of the multi-physics iterative coupling process. The influence of position of O-rings (on the back of seal rings and relative to the hydrostatic clamp rings) has been discussed. For test and verify the MTEHM, a testing rig has been established. It can be used to simulate a high temperature high pressure seal media with a temperature range from 22°C to 100°C and a pressure range from 0.1MPa to 22MPa. At last, a comparison of pressure-leakage data from Westinghouse, Saint Alban power plant and this study has been presented. And a variance analysis has been attached.

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White, Malcolm C. A., Hongjian Fang, Nori Nakata i Yehuda Ben-Zion. "PyKonal: A Python Package for Solving the Eikonal Equation in Spherical and Cartesian Coordinates Using the Fast Marching Method". Seismological Research Letters 91, nr 4 (3.06.2020): 2378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190318.

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Abstract This article introduces PyKonal: a new open-source Python package for computing travel times and tracing ray paths in 2D or 3D heterogeneous media using the fast marching method for solving the eikonal equation in spherical and Cartesian coordinates. Compiled with the Cython compiler framework, PyKonal offers a Python application program interface (API) with execution speeds comparable to C or Fortran codes. Designed to be accurate, stable, fast, general, extensible, and easy to use, PyKonal offers low- and high-level API functions for full control and convenience, respectively. A scale-independent implementation allows problems to be solved at micro, local, regional, and global scales, and precision can be improved over existing open-source codes by combining different coordinate systems. The resulting code makes state-of-the-art computational capabilities accessible to novice programmers and is efficient enough for modern research problems in seismology.

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Satoh, M., K. J. Hamilton, A. K. Ajmani, X. Dong, J. Wang, Y. S. Kanwar i W. H. Reeves. "Autoantibodies to ribosomal P antigens with immune complex glomerulonephritis in SJL mice treated with pristane." Journal of Immunology 157, nr 7 (1.10.1996): 3200–3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.157.7.3200.

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Abstract BALB/c ByJ mice develop a lupus-like syndrome characterized by anti-nRNP/Sm and Su autoantibodies and immune complex glomerulonephritis after a single i.p. pristane injection. In contrast, mercuric chloride induces anti-fibrillarin Abs only in SJL and other H-2s mice, and not in BALB/c (H-2d) mice. In the present study, the specificities of autoantibodies induced by pristane and HgCl2 were compared in SJL and BALB/c mice to examine whether these strains are "programmed" to make different sets of autoantibodies in response to nonspecific immune stimulation. Unexpectedly, the predominant autoantibodies induced by pristane in SJL mice were neither those characteristic of HgCl2-treated SJL mice nor those associated with pristane-induced disease in BALB/c mice but, rather, anti-ribosomal P, another lupus-related specificity. The autoantibodies were strongly reactive with the C-terminal 22 amino acids of the ribosomal P2 protein, indicating that they exhibited similar fine specificities to anti-P Abs in human SLE and MRL/Ipr mice. Like BALB/c mice, pristane-treated SJL mice developed severe glomerulonephritis characterized by proteinuria, mesangial proliferation, and glomerular immune complex deposits. This is the first evidence that the induction of a lupus-like syndrome by pristane is not restricted to BALB/c mice. The predominance of anti-P Abs in SJL mice contrasts sharply with the predominance of anti-nRNP/Sm and Su, in pristane-treated BALB/c mice, even though the renal lesions were similar in both strains. The data suggest that H-2s does not program mice to produce anti-fibrillarin Abs in response to nonspecific immune stimulation, arguing that autoantibody induction by pristane involves Ag-specific mechanisms.

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Parvin, Shahanaz, Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa, Fuad S. Al- Duais, Syed M. Hussain, Wasim Jamshed, Rabia Safdar i Mohamed R. Eid. "The flow, thermal and mass properties of Soret-Dufour model of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid flow over a shrinkage inclined surface". PLOS ONE 17, nr 4 (29.04.2022): e0267148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267148.

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A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid created by a sloping slope surface is constructed in this paper. The numerical findings of non-Newtonian fluid are important to the chemical processing industry, mining industry, plastics processing industry, as well as lubrication and biomedical flows. The diversity of regulatory parameters like buoyancy rate, magnetic field, mixed convection, absorption, Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, Deborah number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, Soret number, as well as Dufour number contributes significant impact on the current model. The steps of research methodology are as followed: a) conversion from a separate matrix (PDE) to standard divisive calculations (ODEs), b) Final ODEs are solved in bvp4c program, which developed in MATLAB software, c) The stability analysis part also being developed in bvp4c program, to select the most effective solution in the real liquid state. Lastly, the numerical findings are built on a system of tables and diagrams. As a result, the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration are depicted due to the regulatory parameters, as mentioned above. In addition, the characteristics of the local Nusselt, coefficient of skin-friction as well as Sherwood numbers on the Maxwell fluid are described in detail.

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Kalis, Harijs, i Ilmārs Kangro. "VORTICAL FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE VISCOUS FLUID IN FINITE CYLINDER". Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, nr 3 (30.09.2008): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.371-381.

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The effective use of vortex energy in production of strong velocity fields by different devices is one of the modern areas of applications, developed during the last decade. In this paper the distribution of velocity field for viscous incompressible fluid in a pipe with a system of finite number of circular vortex lines, positioned on the inner surface of the finite cylinder is calculated. The approximation of the corresponding boundary value problem for the Navier‐Stokes equations is based on the finite difference method. This procedure allows us to reduce the 2D problem decribed by the system of Navier‐ Stokes PDEs to the monotonous difference equations. Calculations are done using the computer program Matlab and the following regimes are calculated: a) the flow in a smooth pipe; b) the flow, poured inside a pipe through the circle; c) the flow, poured inside a pipe through the ring. The model is investigated for different values of parameters Re (Reynolds number), G(swirl number) and A (vortex intensity).

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Kucharska, Monika, Sylwia Wiewiórowska, Jacek Michalczyk i Andrzej Gontarz. "The Influence of the Drawing Process on the Mechanical Properties of TRIP Steel Wires with 0.4% C Content". Materials 13, nr 24 (17.12.2020): 5769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245769.

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In the work, the results of the research concerned with the TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel wire drawing process in experimental and theoretical ways are shown. The wire drawing process tests on the experimental way were conducted in both laboratories as well as industrial conditions, with the use of two drawing speeds (1.6 and 6 m/s) and two drawing schemes (low and high single reductions). The mechanical properties of wires drawn with high drawing speed equal to 6 m/s showed higher values of mechanical properties for wires drawn with low single reductions than for wires drawn with high single reductions. Such a phenomenon contradicts the theory of drawing wires from steel with a ferritic-pearlitic structure and must be related to TRIP structure and the presence of retained austenite in it, which is transformed into martensite during the deformation process. In order to explain this phenomenon, the theoretical wire drawing process analysis was conducted with the use of the Drawing 2D program based on the finite element method. On the base of the simulation, a large increase in temperature was found on the surface for wires drawn with high drawing speed and low single reductions, which can cause the blocking of transformation retained austenite into martensite and thus a decrease in Rm. To confirm this thesis, further studies will include tests of the amount of retained austenite in wires obtained during experimental tests.

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Mollaamin, Fatemeh. "Structural and Functional Characterization of Medicinal Plants as Selective Antibodies towards Therapy of COVID-19 Symptoms". Antibodies 13, nr 2 (7.05.2024): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib13020038.

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Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, this research aims to investigate some herbs as probable therapies for this disease. Achillea millefolium (Yarrow), Alkanet, Rumex patientia (Patience dock), Dill, Tarragon, and sweet fennel, including some principal chemical compounds of achillin, alkannin, cuminaldehyde, dillapiole, estragole, and fenchone have been selected. The possible roles of these medicinal plants in COVID-19 treatment have been investigated through quantum sensing methods. The formation of hydrogen bonding between the principal substances selected in anti-COVID natural drugs and Tyr-Met-His (the database amino acids fragment), as the active area of the COVID protein, has been evaluated. The physical and chemical attributes of nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational frequency, the highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, partial charges, and spin density have been investigated using the DFT/TD-DFT method and 6-311+G (2d,p) basis set by the Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program toward the industry of drug design. This research has exhibited that there is relative agreement among the results that these medicinal plants could be efficient against COVID-19 symptoms.

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Goswami, A., i S. Deka. "Study of the Effect of Installation of Stone Columns on the Stability of Soil Slopes using Finite Element Method". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1282, nr 1 (1.10.2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1282/1/012020.

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Abstract There are several ways to mitigate the failure of a soil slope. The installation of stone columns for this purpose, is easy as well as economical. As their strength is greater than that of soil, they disrupt the slip surfaces. Also being more porous, they dissipate the pore pressure generated in the soil in the vicinity of the stone columns to a certain extent. This paper illustrates 2D finite element analyses carried out to simulate the behavior of stone columns in cohesive soil using the computer program PLAXIS. Parametric study was conducted to analyze the effect of number, length and diameter of the stone columns on the Factor of Safety of the soil slope. The F.O.S. of the soil slope was predicted using prediction models created using artificial neural networks (ANN) considering slope geometry like slope angle and height, material properties like cohesion and angle and internal friction of soil as well as granular material used in the columns, and the stone column parameters like the stone column’s number, length, diameter and the centre to centre (c/c) distance between two adjacent columns as input parameters. It was found that introduction of stone columns significantly improved the stability of the soil slopes. Further, it was seen that all the parameters considered in the study influenced the Factor of Safety of the soil slope.

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Kuznetsov, V. M. "Assessment of genetic differentiation of populations by analysis of molecular variance (analytical review)". Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 22, nr 2 (22.04.2021): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.2.167-187.

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Different approaches to using the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to assess the genetic differentiation of populations have been compared in the research. Data on 11 microsatellite loci of 84 bulls of seven breeds were used. The results were compared for three options of the AMOVA module of the GenAlEx 6.502 program: the allele distance matrix (calculated FST(W&C)(=θ) statistics – variant AMOVA1); the genotype distance matrix (ΦPT– AMOVA2); and the allele size difference matrix (RST– AMOVA3). Similar summary estimates of the genetic differentiation of breeds were obtained: FST(W&C)= 0.108, ΦPT= 0.115, RST= 0.110 (all with pperm≤ 0.001). Between the estimates of FST(W&C)and ΦPTfor each locus, the correlation coefficient was 0.99 (pvalue<0.0001); no statistically significant correlations with RSTwere found. A high correlation of FST(W&C)and ΦPTwith the estimates of differentiation according to Nei’s (0.96) was found. Programs other than GenAlEx (Arlequin v.3.5, GenePop v.4.7.3, RST22) gave similar AMOVA estimates. The negative linear dependence of FST(W&C)and ΦPTon the level of the average heterozygosity of the breed samples was established (R2= 0.6, rS= -0.75 for pvalue < 0.02) and the absence of such dependence for RST(R2= 0.04, rS= -0.23 for pvalue= 0.47). The standardization of the FST(W&C)and ΦPTestimates according to Hedrick’s eliminated this dependence and raised the initial estimates to 0.35 and 0.37, respectively. The latter were comparable to the estimates obtained by the Nei-Hedrick’s (0.364-0.375), Jost’s (0.292), and Morisit-Horn’s (0.308) methods. The Mantel correlations between the matrices of paired genetic distances (GD) calculated by different measures were >0.9 in most cases. The projections of the GD matrices in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on the 2D plane were generally similar. The PCoA identified a cluster of Holstein «ecotypes», a cluster of «Red» breeds, and a branch of the Jersey breed. In the two-factor AMOVA of data on clusters (as two «regions»), the interregional GD was 0.357; the differentiation of breeds within the «regions» did not exceed 0.027. Modeling the association of breeds with close to zero GD resulted in an increase in the number of alleles per locus in the «new» breeds by 29 %, and an increase in the combined estimate of genetic differentiation by 29-46 %. The results obtained can be used in the development of measures for the conservation of endangered breeds.

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Zahir, Abdul, i Jusrianto Jusrianto. "Deskripsi Hasil Belajar Mata Kuliah Pengetahuan Komputer Mahasiswa Agribisnis Semester Genap Tahun Akademik 2017/2018". Jurnal Studi Guru dan Pembelajaran 2, nr 2 (22.05.2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.2.2.2019.1351.

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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian ex-post facto, yang dilakukan untuk meneliti variabel atau peristiwa yang telah terjadi dan kemudian merunut ke belakang melalui data tersebut untuk menemukan faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya peristiwa yang diteliti. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah population sampling, yakni populasi sekaligus sebagai sampel. Jumlah sampelnya adalah 153 orang mahasiswa pada Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo yang memprogramkan dan mengikuti mata kuliah pengetahuan komputer. Seratus empat puluh satu mahasiswa lulus dalam mata kuliah ini. Kelas 2A lebih banyak mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai A dibanding mahasiswa di kelas lainnya. Pada tujuh kategori penilaian, mahasiswa kelas 2A mendapatkan ketujuh nilai tersebut. Kelas 2B lebih banyak mahasiswanya yang mendapatkan nilai B dibanding nilai dan kelas lain. Tidak ada mahasiswa yang mendapatkan nilai C dan D di kelas 2B. Kelas 2C tidak memperlihatkan unjuk kerja dominan dalam penilaian. Semua kategori nilai didapatkan dan pada nilai A, mahasiswa kelas 2C memperlihatkan unjuk kerja yang negatif, yakni paling sedikit mahasiswa yang memperolehnya. Kelas 2D merupakan kelas dengan mahasiswa yang terbanyak mendapatkan nilai E dan tidak ada satupun mahasiswanya mendapatkan nilai D.

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Li, Ying Lin, Man Liang Qiu i Lian He Yang. "Cutting Path Optimization of Pattern Pieces in Garment Automatic Cutter". Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (sierpień 2010): 973–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.973.

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In view of the defect and shortage in cutting path automatic optimization of 2D pattern pieces in current garment automatic cutter, a new optimization method of computer is explored. If there is no cutting path optimization implemented by garment automatic cutter before cutting, some problems will be caused, such as too much unless travel and too long processing time. At present, both at home and abroad, the studies on automatic optimization in cutting preprocessing are relatively weak. According to the “segment cutting from left to right” feature of automatic cutter in cutting process, an algorithm which can be summarized as “segment and reducing point” was proposed. This algorithm combined with the solution of shortest path problem, its purpose is to seek for the approximate optimal solution of cutting path. The algorithm implemented through Visual C++ 6.0 programming. Used in production by enterprise shows that the program is simple to operate, and has a high compute speed. Averagely, unless travel in cutting process reduced more than 10%. It proves that the algorithm is feasible and efficient. Using this algorithm achieved the purpose of reducing unless travel, improving cutting efficiency and lowering the cost.

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Sidoli, Simone. "CHROMATIN STATE AND MODIFICATIONS IN AGING". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.102.

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Abstract Program Overview: In this symposium, the speakers will discuss how genomic stability and chromatin state are affected during aging using complementary perspectives, model systems and technology. Methods such as structural genomics, genome-wide mapping, super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and enzymology are utilized to describe hallmarks of aging in models such as C. elegans, mice, and 2D vs 3D human cell culture. Dr. Lakadamyali applies innovative super-resolution microscopy to visualize and quantify the spatial organization of chromatin with nanoscale spatial resolution in single cells, revealing how disordered patches at the nucleosomal level correlate with cell phenotype. Dr. Sen will present a multi-omics approach on murine models to reveal that aged cells organize a specific type of heterochromatin unable to self-interact over long distances. These findings expose that global chromatin alterations pose a barrier and promote a cellular state that is refractory to injury sensing and repair. Finally, Dr. Sidoli will describe how mass spectrometry is applied to investigate combinatorial histone modifications that benchmark regions of decondensed heterochromatin, and show the enrichment of unusual histone modifications in a cohort of centenarian patients.

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Orhan, Orhan, i Huseyin Goren. "Largely Scalable Wireless Network Formation Architectures for Internet of Things". International Research Journal of Electronics and Computer Engineering 3, nr 4 (29.12.2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/irjece.2017.3.4.17.

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As number of mobile devices increases with Internet of Things (IoT) capability and power consumption is important in multi hop communication, there is need of considering network formation architectures inIoT networks.In this work power levels of nodes, urgency of messages to be transmitted are not taken into consideration, a general approach considered with all nodes with same power levels and no priority for messages to be sent.Another assumption is all nodes are on the same 2D plane. Multi hop wireless network architectures studied and scalable, best performing architecture which is hypercubic network architecture is highlighted for IoT networks. Especially for large number of nodes needs to be considered hypercubic architecture performs much better than mesh, tree and ring kind of architectures in terms of dilation and number of connections. The simulation results are based on a simulator developed on C++ program. The results are showed that Hypercubic architecture with logarithmic dilation is much better than other network types. Cube Connected Cycles (CCC)based network architecture (which is derivative of Hypercube) can be preferred, especially when a constant degree is needed, in communication technologies such as Bluetooth. As a future work, a network architecture study can be made which takes energy levels and urgency of messages to be sent.

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Bentahar, Mohammed, i Habib Benzaama. "Numerical simulation of two-dimensional crack propagation using stretching finite element method by Abaqus". Tribology and Materials 1, nr 4 (2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2022.018.

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Fatigue is a phenomenon that appears in items subjected to cyclic loads. Thus, rupture and partial oxidation are initiated from the beginning of the process. For this, the study of such a problem of material in fracture mechanics is based on the numerical analysis of the characteristics of a crack. In this article, we propose a modelling of crack propagation by a new method of stretching the mesh by 2D finite element in mixed mode, based on the creation of the elements through a program in the computer language Fortran. The parametric mesh with 4 nodes (CPE4) was created to make the simulation and to characterise the stress intensity factors, by the Abaqus computer code. For this, the validation of stretching finite element method (SFEM) results is done by other methods: extended finite element method (XFEM) and analytical method to simulate the crack propagation. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is an essential parameter of this study. Two possibilities for determining the SIF have been retained: one by the numerical method of our choice and the other by the analytical method. Parameters to characterise the stress state at the crack front KI and KII were evaluated in two stages one by the crack length and the other by the a/c ratio.

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Eberlin, L. S., C. R. Ferreira i R. G. Cooks. "65 THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHEMICAL IMAGING OF A WHOLE PIG FETUS BY DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 24, nr 1 (2012): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv24n1ab65.

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Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique in mass spectrometry (MS) used for 2-dimensional (2D) imaging of drugs, metabolites and lipids directly from biological samples such as tissue sections with high chemical specificity and no need for sample preparation. From a selected representative set of 2D images it is possible to construct 3-dimensional models (3D) to illustrate the spatial distributions of specific biomolecules. Recently, the use of a dimethylformamide-based solvent system was introduced, which allows non-destructive DESI-MS analysis of tissue sections. This work describes the application of 3D DESI-MS chemical imaging capability to allow the unambiguous matching of chemical and morphological information in a whole swine fetus at the end of the embryonic phase of the gestational period. Fifty longitudinal sections (15-μm thick) spaced by an average of 160 μm from a swine fetus were used for the experiments. Tissue sections were stored under –80°C and placed in desiccator for 15 min before analysis. Mass spectra were directly acquired in the negative ion mode at the mass-to-charge (m/z) range of 150 to 1000 using 1:1 (vol/vol) acetonitrile/DMF as solvent at 1.0 μL min–1 flow rate and 300 μm of spatial resolution. The mass spectrometer used was an LTQ linear ion trap controlled by Xcalibur 2.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). An in-house program allowed the conversion of mass spectra files into a format compatible with BioMap (freeware; Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland), used to generate 2D ion images of specific m/z values. The 2D images were processed and exported to the software 3D-Doctor (Able Software Corp., Lexington, MA, USA), on which the 3D models were built. Extensive chemical information was unambiguously matched with morphological features by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of samples after DESI-MS analysis. The lipid species detected in the mass spectra were deprotonated free fatty acids, fatty acid dimers and complex lipids represented mainly by glycerophospholipids, which were identified by tandem MS experiments. Multiple lipid species were chosen to construct 3D models, such as the ion m/z 788.7 (phophatidylserine 36:1) and the ion m/z 885.8 (phosphatidylinositol 38:4). Several structures of the swine fetus were chemically distinguished, such as the nervous system (brain and spinal cord), liver, heart and connective tissue, within others. Statistical multivariate analysis was additionally used to better individualize chemical features observed in the fetus body chemical imaging and to correlate the organs lipid profiles to their embryologic origin. Since DESI-MS 3D models allow the investigation of a variety of lipid species related to specific organs without the need of fluorescent or radioactive labelling, we expect that this approach will be used to increase the understanding and the development of strategies to avoid aberrations in organogenesis observed in fetuses generated by biotechnologies such as nuclear transfer and transgenesis. Supported by ACS IRG Purdue University Center for Cancer Research.

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Setiyowati, Yayuk. "ANALISIS DAYA DUKUNG TIANG GROUP PADA TANAH BERLENSA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN DENGAN PLAXIS 2D". Jurnal Teknologi Berkelanjutan 7, nr 01 (2.04.2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtb.v7i01.110.

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Lapisan lensa pasir memiliki karakteristik kuat geser yang lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan lapisan tanah di atas maupun di bawahnya. Hal ini lah yang menyebabkan lapisan ini seringkali dikira sebagai lapisan tanah keras diakibatkan pembacaan dari hasil sondir menunjukkan nilai tahanan ujung yang hampir mendekati dengan nilai tahanan ujung lapisan tanah keras. Memiliki nilai c yang hampir sama dengan lapisan tanah keras membawa peneliti berasumsi bahwa lapisan ini sebenarnya memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai lapisan penahan pondasi untuk group tiang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan skala kecil dengan membuat model group tiang dalam finite element dengan variabel pengaruh ketebalan lensa pasir (tlensa pasir), diameter tiang (Btiang), dan jarak tiang (Stiang) terhadap daya dukung. Permodelan lapisan tanah berlensa pasir dianalisa dengan menggunakan permodelan linear elastis yang terdapat di dalam program Plaxis. Data Tanah Permodelan diambil dari data tanah proyek flyover Gatot Subroto Banjarmasin. Kemudian permodelan group tiang dibuat dengan memodelkan baris plane dari tiang disederhanakan sebagai wall elements atau disebut plane strain tiang. Wall element didefinisikan per meter; kekakuan normal, kekakuan lentur dan berat dari tiang di luar baris plane dari tiang adalah dianggap per meter. Untuk mengekivalensikan wall element kedalaman kondisi yang sebenarnya di lapangan dimana group tiang berbaris kebelakang, maka digunakan rumus ekivalen terhadap kekakuan seperti yang dipaparkan oleh Andre Rytenius dalam master disertasinya. Pada tesis ini, daya dukung pondasi tiang tunggal dianalisis menggunakan metode Meyerhof dan Hanna’s. Hasil perhitungan daya dukung ultimit pondasi tiang tunggal (40 m) berdasarkan perhitungan manual diperoleh hasil sebesar 10438,1477 kN/m2. Dengan Plaxis, daya dukung yang didapat adalah 9000 kN/m2. Daya dukung tiang tunggal pada lapisan lensa hasil PLAXIS lebih kecil dari hasil perhitungan daya dukung secara teoritis. Daya dukung kelompok tiang pada lapisan lensa hasil PLAXIS didapatkan untuk diameter yang sama didapatkan kenaikan daya dukung berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan ketebalan lensa pasir. Kenaikan daya dukung tersebut dikarenakan karakteristik kuat geser dari lapisan lensa pasir yang memberikan pengaruh besar dan bahwa lensa yang memiliki tebal lebih dari 4 meter sudah memiliki karakteristik seperti tanah keras. Sedangkan untuk ketebalan lensa pasir yang sama maka didapatkan penurunan daya dukung berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan diameter tiang. Penurunan daya dukung tersebut dikarenakan area tekan pada lapisan lensa pasir memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan. Pada konfigurasi 4 tiang, jarak antar tiang yang paling berperan dalam memberikan daya dukung adalah di jarak antar tiang 3D, dimana hasil daya dukung yang dihasilkan pada jarak ini lebih tinggi. Sedangkan hasil daya dukung pada jarak antar tiang 4D dan 5D mengalami penurunan, dimungkinkan karena cara penarikan garis pada grafik daya dukung dengan penurunan. Pada konfigurasi 9 tiang, hasil didapatkan hampir serupa dengan hasil yang didapatkan pada konfigurasi 4 tiang. Dimana jarak antar tiang yang paling berperan dalam memberikan daya dukung adalah di jarak antar tiang 3D dan 5D, dimana hasil daya dukung yang dihasilkan pada jarak ini lebih tinggi.Sedangkan hasil daya dukung pada jarak antar tiang 4D mengalami penurunan, dimungkinkan karena cara penarikan garis pada grafik daya dukung dengan penurunan. Konfigurasi tiang yang lebih baik untuk diterapkan pada tanah berlensa pasir adalah konfigurasi 4 tiang simetris, dimana hasil daya dukung yang dihasilkan pada konfigurasi ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan konfigurasi 9 tiang simetris.

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Zhao, Shuyuan, Qian Sun, Yumin Zhang i Jin Jia. "Parametric Influences of Geometric Dimensions on High Temperature Mechanical Behaviors and Damage Mechanisms of Ceramic Matrix Composite and Superalloy Double Bolted Joints". International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022 (31.08.2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7169123.

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Given multiple material performance advantages, ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material has become one of the most promising hot structural materials used for thermal protection system in hypersonic vehicles. Under harsh thermal exposure of vehicles in flight, the design of connection structure would be a critical issue in improving load-carrying efficiency and ensuring service safety of aircraft structures in service environments. However, little attention was paid on mechanical behavior and its factors affecting the mechanical property of CMC joining at elevated temperature. To address this concern, a 3D finite element model coupled with progressive damage analysis is carried out to predict high temperature tensile properties and failure behavior of single-lap, double-bolt CMC/superalloy joints assembled by two serial protruding-head bolts. In the implementation of progressive damage analysis of 2D plain-woven C/SiC composites, a user-defined subroutine UMAT including a nonlinear constitutive model, 3D Alvaro failure criterion and Tan’s material degradation rule were embedded into the general package ABAQUS® through Fortran program interface. A parametric study considering geometries of joints was performed to evaluate their resultant influence on high temperature tensile behavior and the associated damage mechanisms for the CMC/superalloy double-bolt joint. New findings were provided for full exploitation of high performance through geometric design of ceramic matrix composite hot structure for hypersonic aircraft.

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Maodin, M. A., Faryansah, S. D. Ariadi, G. S. Verlandi, Alpiana i Hidayati. "Analysis of Andesite Rock Slope Stability with Bishop Method". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1175, nr 1 (1.05.2023): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1175/1/012007.

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Abstract Landslides are caused by disruption of the soil’s degree of stability. When a slope’s pushing force exceeds its restraining force, a land slide will result. Moreover, at Human activities, climate change and natural influences can disrupt the stability of the soil and rocks on slopes. Disruption of the level of soil stability causes landslides. A landslide occurs due to the driving force on the slope being greater than the resisting force of the slope. To prevent landslide, a slope stability analysis is necessary. Moreover, the research site tends to produce a gravitational force that moves the soil mass towards a higher surface. This occurs as a result of due to the area’s topography of the area, which has different elevations varying from gentle to step but however, the research location is an andesite rock mining located in Peseng Village, Gerung District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The slope stability is required to reveal the shear strength of the slope and its safety factor. The analysis was conducted by using a survey, especially a field method. The field method used was the Bishop method with 2D Slide Program Software. Based on the results of laboratory testing, the value of the bulk weight (ү) is 18.21 kN/m3, dry weight 18.14 kN/m3, wet weight 18.53 phi (Φ) is 13.50° and cohesion (c) is 136.8 kN/m3.

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Batth, Izhar S., Bijay S. Jaiswal, Dolonchampa Maji, Robert Sparks, William Glauser, Tamar Uziel, D. Ross Camidge, Athan Vasilopoulos, Peter Ansell i PK Epling-Burnette. "Abstract 540: c-MET mutations sensitize to antibody-drug conjugate telisotuzumab vedotin through efficient internalization and rapid intracellular drug delivery". Cancer Research 83, nr 7_Supplement (4.04.2023): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-540.

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Abstract Background: Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the c-MET antibody ABT-700 and the microtubule inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). Patients with EGFR wildtype (WT) nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer with high c-MET expression had an overall response rate of 54% with Teliso-V. In addition to overexpression and amplification, genetic alterations in c-MET, such as exon 14 deletion (ex14del) and missense mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD), contribute to its constitutive activation. The efficacy of Teliso-V in context of these genomic backgrounds is currently unknown. Methods: Recombinant retroviruses were used to express WT-c-MET, c-MET-TKD (D1228H/V/N and Y1230C/H mutations), c-MET-Y1003F/N (CBL E3 ubiquitin ligase binding site mutation), and c-MET-ex14del (47 aa juxtamembrane deletion) mutants in NIH3T3 and Ba/F3 cells. c-MET surface expression, intracellular signaling, ADC internalization and endolysosomal (EL) trafficking (using pHrodo Red-labeled Teliso-V), intracellular MMAE by LC/MS, and Teliso-V sensitivity were studied in 2D/3D cell cultures. Full-length c-MET protein structures were created with the ColabFold program and molecular dynamics simulation software (with/without artificial lipid bilayer) was used to predict the mechanistic basis for differential function. Results: c-MET expression was required for Teliso-V cytotoxicity and intracellular payload delivery in all cell lines. Compared with WT-c-MET, various mutants showed oncogene-driven transformation evident by elevated levels of phosphorylated c-MET/AKT, cytokine-independent colony formation, oncogene-driven proliferation, and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance. Interestingly, c-MET-TKD-expressing cells were the most sensitive to Teliso-V, which was associated with faster ADC internalization and EL trafficking. An AI-generated protein model and associated molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that all oncogenic TKD variants tested stabilized the c-MET-plexin-semaphorin-integrin domain (R592-L614), known for its ability to position the extracellular ligand-binding (ELB) site for optimal activation. Conclusions: c-MET-TKD mutations induced TKI resistance and enhanced MMAE delivery in association with robust ADC internalization and EL trafficking. Previous studies have shown that the HER2 ADC fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki was highly effective in cell lines and patients with ERBB2 kinase domain-mutant lung cancer via a similar mechanism, raising the possibility that this may be a general phenomenon across receptor tyrosine kinase-targeting ADCs. c-MET-TKD mutations are predicted to stabilize the ELB conformation to activate enhanced oncogenic signaling that may contribute to rapid endocytosis-mediated drug delivery. Citation Format: Izhar S. Batth, Bijay S. Jaiswal, Dolonchampa Maji, Robert Sparks, William Glauser, Tamar Uziel, D. Ross Camidge, Athan Vasilopoulos, Peter Ansell, PK Epling-Burnette. c-MET mutations sensitize to antibody-drug conjugate telisotuzumab vedotin through efficient internalization and rapid intracellular drug delivery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 540.

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Ayele, Alemayehu, Kifle Woldearegay i Matebie Meten. "Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) to Estimate the Shear Wave Velocity for Engineering Characterization of Soils at Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia". International Journal of Geophysics 2022 (19.12.2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7588306.

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Site characterization is a prerequisite for the successful and economic design of engineering structures and earthworks by providing geological information for any proposed project. Until now, no detail study has been carried out on the site characterization and classification using shear wave velocity (Vs) up to the top 30 m depth in Hawassa town. For this study, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) was used to determine the variation of Vs for a proper civil engineering design in the town. In addition, vertical electrical sounding (VES) and standard penetration test (SPT) were employed to characterize the near-surface materials. The Vs30 map was prepared for Hawassa town using the estimated Vs30 values which ranges from 248.9 m/s to 371.3 m/s while the SPT-N values were ranges from 5bpf to 50bpf. The correlation of Vs and SPT-N values has been done by considering both corrected and uncorrected SPT-N values. The VES result showed that groundwater is found at a shallow depth. The correlation of Vs and SPT-N value was validated using regression model. The 1D Vs profile and 2D cross-section showed low Vs at a shallow depth. The near-surface soils of the town are classified based on the Vs30 as site class C (stiff soil and soft rock) and D class (stiff soils) according to the NEHRP (Natural Earthquake hazards Reduction Program) and as subsoil classes B and C according to the Eurocode 8. The geotechnical tests also showed that the soils in the study area are silty sand, sand and silty sand with some gravel. The low Vs values observed at a shallow depth should be given much attention during foundation design for the stability of civil engineering structures.

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Mollaamin, Fatemeh. "Characterizing the structural and physicochemical properties of medicinal plants as a proposal for treating of viral malady". Trends in Immunotherapy 7, nr 2 (31.08.2023): 2329. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ti.v7.i2.2329.

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Regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this research article wants to study some herbals as the probable therapy for this disease. Cinnamon leaves, curcuma longa (turmeric), ginger, mentha pulegium (pennyroyal), rosemary, salvia divinorum and thyme including some principal chemical compounds of cynnamil, curcumin, gingerol, pulegone, rosmarinic acid, salvinorina A and thymol, respectively, as a probable anti COVID-19 receptor have been selected. The possible roles of these medicinal plants in COVID-19 treatment have been carried out through quantum sensing methods. Formation of hydrogen bonding between principal substances selected in COVID-19 natural drugs bound to Tyrosine-Methionine-Histidine (Tyr-Met-His) or (TMH) (the database amino acids fragment) as the active area of the COVID-19 protein has been evaluated. In fact, it has been exhibited the role of oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen atoms in the active sites of these anti-virus medications towards hydrogen bonding in the active site if “TMH” protein. The physical and chemical attributes of nuclear magnetic resonance, vibrational frequency, the highest occupied molecular orbital energy and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, partial charges and spin density and have been accomplished using density functional theory (DFT) method and 6-311+G (2d,p) basis set by Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program toward the industry of drug design. This research has exhibited that there is a relative agreement among the results that these medicinal plants could be efficient against COVID-19 symptoms.

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Hoeflich, P., C. Ashall, S. Bose, E. Baron, M. D. Stritzinger, S. Davis, M. Shahbandeh i in. "Measuring an Off-center Detonation through Infrared Line Profiles: The Peculiar Type Ia Supernova SN 2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq". Astrophysical Journal 922, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac250d.

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Abstract We present and analyze a near-infrared (NIR) spectrum of the underluminous Type Ia supernova SN 2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq obtained with NIRES at the Keck Observatory, 191 days after B-band maximum. The spectrum is dominated by a number of broad emission features, including the [Fe ii] at 1.644 μm, which is highly asymmetric with a tilted top and a peak redshifted by ≈2000 km s−1. In comparison with 2D non-LTE synthetic spectra computed from 3D simulations of off-center delayed-detonation Chandrasekhar-mass (M ch) white dwarf (WD) models, we find good agreement between the observed lines and the synthetic profiles, and are able to unravel the structure of the progenitor’s envelope. We find that the size and tilt of the [Fe ii] 1.644 μm profile (in velocity space) is an effective way to determine the location of an off-center delayed-detonation transition (DDT) and the viewing angle, and it requires a WD with a high central density of ∼4 × 109 g cm−3. We also tentatively identify a stable Ni feature around 1.9 μm characterized by a “pot-belly” profile that is slightly offset with respect to the kinematic center. In the case of SN 2020qxp/ASASSN-20jq, we estimate that the location of the DDT is ∼0.3M WD off center, which gives rise to an asymmetric distribution of the underlying ejecta. We also demonstrate that low-luminosity and high-density WD SN Ia progenitors exhibit a very strong overlap of Ca and 56Ni in physical space. This results in the formation of a prevalent [Ca ii] 0.73 μm emission feature that is sensitive to asymmetry effects. Our findings are discussed within the context of alternative scenarios, including off-center C/O detonations in He-triggered sub-M Ch WDs and the direct collision of two WDs. Snapshot programs with Gemini/Keck/Very Large Telescope (VLT)/ELT-class instruments and our spectropolarimetry program are complementary to mid-IR spectra by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

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Alpatova, M. V., i Yu V. Rudyak. "Optimal 2D Placement of Virtual Objects in Physical Space for Augmented Reality Applications". Advanced Engineering Research (Rostov-on-Don) 23, nr 4 (27.12.2023): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2023-23-4-410-421.

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Introduction. Research and applied works on the placement of virtual objects in real space most often focus on issues of interactivity, integration of reality and virtuality, physical properties of virtual elements. However, the task of simultaneously free and optimal placement of objects, taking into account their size and the surrounding comfort zone, has not been sufficiently worked out. In the literature, you can find a description of a similar task — about packing in a rectangular container. In our case, the goal is not limited to the greatest possible dense placement. Two conditions should be taken into account: rigid dimensions of the objects (it is forbidden to violate them) and additional areas — comfort zones (it is undesirable to occupy them). The work aims at creating and implementing such a 2D algorithm for placing objects in physical space, which takes into account the above limitations.Materials and Methods. Using a set of numerical methods, the authors applied the previously created 1D algorithm for the placement of objects. Calculations were based on a system of linear equations. In the one-dimensional case, the optimal placement of virtual objects was reduced to a task that did not depend on the type of comfort function. The elements of such a system were the dimensions of objects, the distances between them, as well as the distances to the edge of the embedding area, a comfort zone. The proposed 2D algorithm for optimal placement of virtual objects was implemented in the form of a program code in C# using the well-known Unity game engine. The solution was tested on gadgets in peak load mode for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 40, 45, and 50 objects. 1.8 thousand devices were used for experiments. About 77 thousand events were analyzed. To exclude unrepresentative values, each calculation was repeated 10 times, and a z-score was performed for each value. Abnormal events (more than 3 and less than -3) were excluded.Results. In this paper, a 2D placement algorithm that implements filling a rectangular area with virtual objects has been created. Each of the objects had a size and another characteristic — a comfort zone. The authors compiled a flowchart for the implementation of this algorithm in a given two-dimensional left-hand coordinate system. It was shown, in particular, at what stage objects were sorted by length, when their batches were formed, and arrangements were made along two axes. The first axis was horizontal, the second was directed forward from the user (this is the depth vector, or frontal measurement). The 1D-placement algorithm for the generated row provided optimal positioning the objects along X-axis based on the calculated comfort coefficient К. Calculations were made and schemes were drawn up to obtain certain comfort indicators. For each object of the first string, the displacement along Z-axis from the edge of the plane was determined so that the comfort in front was equal to the comfort along X. Starting from the 2nd row, to calculate the displacement, the presence of potential neighbors who were a row higher and had common areas along X with the object being processed, was checked. Each element of the string was set along Z-axis so that its comfort from above was the maximum of the one-sided horizontal comfort in this and the previous strings. The principle of calculating Z coordinate for a string object was presented in the form of a flowchart. The initial data for the implementation of this algorithm were 7 objects with 14 different sizes and 28 comfort zones. After the software implementation, the operation of the described 2D algorithm was tested in practice — in an augmented reality mobile application. Analytical data of user sessions was recorded. The average execution time was calculated. The hypothesis of quadratic dependence that arose during the work was tested on a personal computer. For this purpose, a similar experiment was conducted for a range of [10-10,000] objects. The hypothesis was confirmed. The algorithm can be assigned a complexity of O(n2). To compare the calculation speed, 10 of the most popular models of user devices were utilized. The results were presented in the form of a diagram. The minimum registered execution time was 0.093 ms, the maximum — 0.146 ms. Calculations showed high efficiency of the two-dimensional algorithm. Additionally, the placement schemes for different numbers and parameters of objects were visualized.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed algorithm of two-dimensional placement enables the user to work with a set of virtual objects with different sizes and comfort zones. Sufficiently high performance and stability are shown. On average, the algorithm is implemented in fractions of a millisecond, even with large batches of objects. Possible future focus areas:– expansion of the approach for building 3D models and algorithms;– inclusion of objects in the rotation algorithm for greater flexibility of their location and better use of space.The research results can be of interest to engineers and interface designers. In the future, it is required to study the user experience and the possibilities of including additional restrictions on positioning.

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Lee, Dongho, Hyunho Seok, Sihoon Son, Seokchan Lee, Dayoung Yu i Taesung Kim. "Regulated and Gradual Polymorph Transition By Thermal and Plasma Treatment on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 16 (22.12.2023): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02161159mtgabs.

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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have two different phase structure which exhibit different properties. Generally, it can be classified into 1T (metallic) and 2H (semiconductor) phase structures according to the relative atomic direction of the TMDs. Currently, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) materials is limited due to the lack of an appropriate phase control method of TMDs. There are several phase control methods reported so far (post-treatment chemical process, lattice deformation of physical crystals due to ion collision, phase control of materials through strain, etc.), but the disadvantages of requiring additional processes and low yield are limited for practical usage of those method. In this research, we conducted a study on gradual phase control of TMDs according to substrate temperature (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350°C) while other plasma parameters were kept constant (power, pressure, processing time, and gas ratio). By controlling the phase, the versatility of TMDs is dramatically improved. 1T-TMDs basal plane plays a crucial role as catalytically active site to enhance electrochemical properties more than 2H-TMDs. 1T-TMDs used as a hydrogen generation catalyst has been proposed as an alternative to noble metals (e.g., Pt, Ir, Ru). This is because 1T-TMDs have a metallic property and thus have dense catalytically active sites as edge and basal plane, which can be used as an electrochemical catalyst. However, the problem of (1T-TMDs) manufactured in the conventional way is that the unstable properties at room temperature of them. During the low-temperature plasma process, ion bombardment onto the substrate induces a grain boundary of several nano sizes to expand the active site per area of the surface crystal structure resulting in high catalytic activity. In addition, the possibility of large-scale production was presented on large-scale wafer synthesis, and the original phase of 1T-TMDs was preserved after the 1,000 HER cycle to prove robustness and durability. On the other hand, in the case of (2H-TMDs), instead of showing low catalytic activity, the existence of band gap makes them favorable for semiconductor device applications such as photodiode, transistor, and neuromorphic computing. In this study, by using the sputtered MoS2 and WS2 to control the ratio of different polymorph, memristive switching (RS) is investigated. Similarly, by ion bombardment onto substrates in a low-temperature plasma process, a few nano-sized particle boundaries were induced, creating a defect on the material surface. An experiment was conducted in which filaments are mimicking artificial neural networks and then ruptured under electrical bias. However, the reproducibility of filament formation for 2H-TMDs was relatively low, and the formed filament was relatively unstable. Therefore, it was intended to form a kind of 'road' to solve this problem. Here, the road was using a 1T-TMDs structure with high catalytic activity. The mixed phase of TMDs consist of a different phase (1T and 2H) structure, which depends on their process temperature. Diversity of process temperature results in various phase ratio into the material structure. Gradual phase change from 1T to 2H at various temperature (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 °C) confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. By utilizing the mixed phase of TMDs, the metal filaments were formed along the 1T structure within 2H structure, which showing uniform RS behavior. Higher reproducibility was obtained for mixed phase structure than the 2H-TMDs and secured stability. In conclusion, by presenting a research direction on how to control the TMDs’ phases, this study can increase the utilization of the 2D material while adjusting different phases together, rather than single usage of the 2D material phases such as 1T- and 2H-TMDs. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education 2022R1A6A3A13063381 and 2022R1A3B1078163). And this work was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No.2022R1A4A1031182).

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Wang, Yin-Tung. "Programming Flowering of the Phalaenopsis Orchid". HortScience 31, nr 4 (sierpień 1996): 581a—581. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.581a.

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Blooming Phalaenopsis orchids have become a popular pot plant in recent years. Plants start producing spikes after experiencing cool air in early fall, bloom in early spring, and become limited in supply after April when market demand is strong. Deferring spiking and flowering by maintaining the greenhouse air constantly above 28°C is cost prohibitive. Previous research has discovered that plants must be given light while being exposed to cool air to induce spiking. In Fall 1994, 2-year old Phalaenopsis TAM Butterfly plants were exposed to repeated cycles of 1 day in darkness and another day in light (1D/1L), 4D/3L, 7D/7L, or 0D/7L (continuous lighted control) between 15 Sept. and 16 Dec. Each plant was removed from the treatment once it had started spiking. The control plants bloomed on 20 Jan. 1995, whereas the 4D/3L plants did not reach anthesis until April 17, nearly three months later. Flowering of the 1D/1L and 7D/7L plants was also deferred until early April. The treatments had no adverse effect on flower count or size. In 1995, 3-year old plants were exposed to 0D/7L (control), 2D/5L, 3D/4L, 4D/3L, or 5D/2L from 15 Sept. to 22 Jan. 1996. The control plants spiked on 17 Oct. and bloomed on 8 Feb. 1996 when spikes had just emerged from plants in the 5D/2L treatment. The 5D/2L plants are expected to bloom in late May or early June. The other treatments were not as effective as that in 1994 and resulted in blooming only 2–3 weeks after the untreated control. The results of this research will help producers to stagger or precisely program the time of flowering to meet the market demand.

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Raue, Lars, i Helmut Klein. "Location Depending Textures of the Human Dental Enamel". Solid State Phenomena 160 (luty 2010): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.160.281.

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Dental enamel is the most highly mineralised and hardest biological tissue in human body [1]. Dental enamel is made of hydroxylapatite (HAP) - Ca5(PO4)3(OH), which is hexagonal (6/m). The lattice parameters are a = b = 0.9418 nm und c = 0.6875 nm [1]. Although HAP is a very hard mineral, it can be dissolved easily in a process which is known as enamel demineralization by lactic acid produced by bacteria. Also the direct consumption of acid (e.g. citric, lactic or phosphoric acid in soft drinks) can harm the dental enamel in a similar way. These processes can damage the dental enamel. It will be dissolved completely and a cavity occurs. The cavity must then be cleaned and filled. It exists a lot of dental fillings, like gold, amalgam, ceramics or polymeric materials. After filling other dangers can occur: The mechanical properties of the materials used to fill cavities can differ strongly from the ones of the dental enamel itself. In the worst case, the filling of a tooth can damage the enamel of the opposite tooth by chewing if the interaction of enamel and filling is not equivalent, so that the harder fillings can abrade the softer enamel of the healthy tooth at the opposite side. This could be avoided if the anisotropic mechanical properties of dental enamel would be known in detail, hence then another filling could be searched or fabricated as an equivalent opponent for the dental enamel with equal properties. To find such a material, one has to characterise the properties of dental enamel first in detail for the different types of teeth (incisor, canine, premolar and molar). This is here exemplary done for a human incisor tooth by texture analysis with the program MAUD from 2D synchrotron transmission images [2,3,4].

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Skrbic, Zdenka, Milos Lukic, Veselin Petricevic, Snezana Bogosavljevic-Boskovic, Natasa Tolimir, Vladimir Doskovic i Simeon Rakonjac. "Effects of intensity of light and stocking density on broiler body weight and yield of valuable carcass parts". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 34, nr 1 (2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1801083s.

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In order to determine the effect of intensity of light and stocking density, as well as the interaction of light intensity x stocking density on body weight and individual carcass traits, an experiment was performed on 1200 broilers of the Ross 308 genotype. The investigated factors were the intensity of light (LI): 20 lx (K) ; 150 lx (O) and stocking density (SD): 10 broilers/m2 (A); 13 broilers/m2 (B); 15 broilers/m2 (C), in 4 repetitions. The light source was incandescent bulbs of adequate intensity and a light program 16L: 4D: 2L: 2D was applied. Broiler body weight was controlled on 11th, 21st, 35th and 42nd day, by individual measurement of all chickens in the trial. The average sample containing 12 chickens per treatment with equal gender representation (total of 72 broilers) was used to study the slaughter quality of carcasses based on the parameters of absolute and relative yield of more valuable carcass parts (breast, thighs and drumsticks) and meat in the more valuable parts of the carcass. The effect of light with different intensity on the body weight differed depending on the broiler rearing phase. The interaction effect of the intensity of light and stocking density on the body weight of broilers was confirmed in all stages of growing up to the age of 42 days. A higher intensity of light (150 lx) showed the potential to alleviate the negative effects of higher stocking density (15 broilers/m2) on the final body weight of the broiler. The carcass traits were not significantly affected by the intensity of the light, while the stocking density, as well as the intensity of the light x stocking density did influence the yield of whole breast and the yield of breast meat.

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Simeonov, Julian, i Melvin E. Stern. "Equilibration of Two-Dimensional Double-Diffusive Intrusions". Journal of Physical Oceanography 37, nr 3 (1.03.2007): 625–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo3000.1.

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Abstract This paper considers the equilibration of lateral intrusions in a doubly diffusive fluid with uniform unbounded basic-state gradients in temperature and salinity. These are density compensated in the horizontal direction and finger favorable in the vertical direction. Previous nonlinear studies of this effect have qualitative and quantitative limitations because of their fictitious parameterizations of the weak “turbulence” that arises. Here, two-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) that resolve scales from the smallest to the intrusive are used to predict the equilibrium state. This is achieved by numerically tilting the x–z computational box so that the mean intrusion is represented by a mode with no lateral variation, but smaller-scale 2D eddies comparable to the intrusion thickness are resolved. The DNS show that the initial plane wave intrusion evolves to an equilibrium state containing both a salt finger interface and a diffusive interface, surrounded by well-mixed layers. The inversion of the horizontally averaged density in the mixed layer is negligibly small, but the salt finger buoyancy flux produces large transient density inversions that drive the mixed layer convection. For the considered values of horizontal/vertical gradients, the calculations yield small Cox numbers and buoyancy Reynolds numbers [comparable to those measured in staircases during the Caribbean-Sheets and Layers Transects (C-SALT) program]. An important testable result is the time-averaged maximum velocity of the fastest-growing intrusion Umax = 18.0 (Σ*z/Σ*x)+1/2KT(gΘ*z/νKT)1/4. Here Θ*z is the undisturbed vertical temperature gradient in buoyancy units, Σ*z and Σ*x are the corresponding vertical and horizontal salinity gradients, g is the gravity acceleration, and ν and KT are the respective values of the molecular viscosity and heat diffusivity. The paradoxical inverse dependence on the horizontal gradient results from the assumption that the latter is unbounded.

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Tsuda, Tetsuya, Ryutaro Miyakawa i Susumu Kuwabata. "(Invited) Aluminum Electrodeposition in AlCl₃–1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride–Urea Melts". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 23 (7.07.2022): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01231198mtgabs.

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Several non-aqueous solvents for aluminum (Al) electrodeposition have been reported so far. Currently most researches on Al electrodeposition are conducted in Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which contain AlCl3 over 50 mol% and have a liquid phase at room temperature. Recently these solvents have also drawn attention as electrolytes for Al metal anode anion-rechargeable batteries.1 Only a few years ago, we have reported that Al electrodeposits with unique 2D structure are obtained in a 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–urea DES without any difficulty, but not in the same composition chloroaluminate IL.2 Herein, in order to understand the unique 2D structure fabrication in the AlCl3–urea, we examine Al electrodeposition in the Lewis acidic chloroaluminate ternary melts consisting of AlCl3, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl), and urea. The preparation and purification processes for AlCl3, [C2mim]Cl, and urea, were identical with those described in previous articles.3 The molar fraction of AlCl3 used in the melts was 60 mol%. The sum of molar fraction for the [C2mim]Cl and urea was 40 mol% and these molar fraction was changed in the range of 0 ~ 40 mol%. The electrochemical measurements were conducted using a three-electrode cell. The working electrode was a Pt disk electrode. An Al plate was used for the counter electrode. The reference electrode was an Al wire immersed directly in the electrolyte. Galvanostatic electrodeposition was conducted using Cu plate electrodes. All the experiments were carried out in an Ar gas-filled glove box with O2 and H2O < 1 ppm. The resulting Al samples were characterized by SEM, EDX, and XRD. Operando digital microscope observation for the Al electrodeposition process was performed using the specially designed two-electrode airtight electrochemical cell. As described in previous article, Al deposition initiates at ca. 0 V (vs. Al(III)/Al) in both 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–[C2mim]Cl IL and 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–urea DES by the following commonly known electrode reaction.2,3 4 [Al2Cl7]− + 3 e− ⇌ Al + 7 [AlCl4]− Typical SEM images of the Al electrodeposits obtained in both electrolytes under the same conditions are exhibited in Fig. 1. In the 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–[C2mim]Cl, dense Al crystals were uniformly electrodeposited on the Cu electrode. Interestingly, in the 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–urea, 2D structured Al deposits, i.e., Al nanoplatelets, were obtained. Such unique Al deposits were yielded at the bath temperature over 313 K, if the applied current density was -5 ~ -20 mA cm-2. EDX analyses of all the electrodeposits revealed that the resultant deposits are pure Al without chloride contamination. XRD measurements strongly suggested that the Al deposits shown in Fig. 1a and 1b are polycrystalline Al and (111)-preferentially oriented Al, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this anomalous electrodeposition behavior recognized in the 60.0-40.0 mol% AlCl3–urea has not been known in the chloroaluminate IL. Further investigation was conducted by the electrodeposition in the ternary AlCl3–[C2mim]Cl–urea melts under the same condition that can produce Al nanoplatelets in the AlCl3–urea. In the present study, we used three types of melts, 60.0-30.0-10.0 mol%, 60.0-20.0-20.0 mol%, and 60.0-10.0-30.0 mol% AlCl3–[C2mim]Cl–urea. As we expected, the increase in the urea molar faction in the melts provoked the morphology variation in the Al deposits. The 2D structure appeared in only the 60.0-10.0-30.0 mol% AlCl3–[C2mim]Cl–urea, suggesting that the urea is highly involved in the nanoplatelet formation. Because direct observation of the electrodeposition process enables to propose the plausible formation mechanism, the airtight electrochemical cell for operando digital microscope was newly designed. Further insights obtained through the operando observation will be reported in our presentation. References T. Tsuda, in Next Generation Batteries, K. Kanamura, Ed., Springer, Singapore, pp. 565-580 (2021). T. Tsuda, R. Miyakawa, A. Konda, Y. Ikeda, and S. Kuwabata, Program & Book of Abstracts (BoA) of 69th Annual ISE Meeting, p. 1512 (2018). T. Tsuda, G. R. Stafford, and C. L. Hussey, J. Electrochem. Soc., 164, H5007 (2017) and references therein. Figure 1

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Mandai, Toshihiko, Kei Nishikawa, Gen Inoue i Kiyoshi Kanamura. "A Protocol for Predicting Lithium-Ion Battery Performances Reflecting the Three-Dimensional Structure of Electrodes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 6 (22.12.2023): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-026936mtgabs.

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As social needs for higher capacity and longer life of lithium-ion batteries increase, shortening the period from research to development and commercialization of batteries has become an extremely important issue. To minimize the above period, a protocol for predicting the performances of (lithium-ion) batteries is highly urged for. Many reports have been published so far regarding the simulation technology of charge-discharge profiles of lithium-ion batteries.1,2 However, in most of simulations, the porous structure of lithium-ion battery electrodes is simplified into a 1D or 2D models. To achieve more accurate battery performance prediction, we adopted the actual 3D structure of the positive and negative electrodes of lithium-ion batteries in simulations. A plasma FIB SEM (Helious5, Thermofisher Scientific Inc.) was used to obtain the 3D structures of the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium-ion battery. The porosity and tortuosity of the electrodes were calculated by reconstructing a 3D image and performing image analysis. Based on this 3D structure, we also calculated the lithium ion conductivity in the electrode. The obtained 3D structural parameters were applied to the simulation of battery characteristics and compared with actual charge/discharge test results. We have also developed a performance prediction protocol that allows to reflect the measured physical properties of battery materials in the simulation. Figure 1 shows cross-sectional images of two different high-nickel-type positive electrodes prepared under different experimental conditions. It can be seen that the active materials are packed densely for both the electrodes, but the level of conductive carbon and binder dispersion is different. The particle size distribution of the active materials was also found to be largely different between the two samples. Structural parameters were obtained from the 3D structure by image analysis, and highly accurate performance prediction was performed. It can be predicted that the rate capability reflects the structural homogeneity. Also, the simulation revealed that the particle size distribution plays an important role for achieving favorable rate capability. Acknowledgement This work was financially supported by the NEXT Center of Innovation Program (COI-NEXT, Grant Number JPMJPF2016) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency. References (1) M Doyle , J. Newman, A. S. Gozdz, C . N. Schmts, and M. Tarascon, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 143, 1890 (2) G. Li and C. W. Monroe, Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng. 2020, 11 277. Figure 1

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Aghashirin, Gholam D., MagedKafafy, Hoda S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy, Mohamed A. Zohdy i Adam Timmons. "Modeling and Designed of a Monopole Antenna that Operate at 3.3 GHz for Future 5G Sub 6 GHz". International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, nr 5 (30.06.2021): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e2832.0610521.

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Antenna unit is an importantpart of ADAS L2, L2+ and Automated Driving L3 systems. It needs to function as needed in dGPS, HD Map Correction Services, OEM Radios and Navigation Systems. The presented monopoleantenna model for 5G below 6 [GHz] operating at 3.3 [GHz] is developed. This work demonstrates the modeling, design, and determining of monopoleantenna with intended targeted applications within the automotive system emerging autonomous vehicles space and as well as 5G Wireless Cellular Technology domain. FEKO simulation is undertaken rather than mathematical modeling to create the structure and conduct the analysis of the proposed monopole antenna.In order to support the fifth generation (5G) of wireless communication networks, SOS messages, vehicle tracking, remote vehicle start, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) L2, L2+/ Autonomous Driving (AD) L3 systems self-driving vehicles powered by 5G with rapidly growing sets of ADAS and AD features and functions within the autonomous space, USA cellular carriers mobile phone communication standard 4G MISO and 5G MIMO, LTE1, LTE2, connected functions, features/services, IoT, DSRC, V2X, and C-V2X applications and 5G enable vehicles destined for the NAFTA (USA, Canada and Mexico) market, a new single monopole antenna that operate at 3.3 [GHz] for future 5G (MIMO) below 6 [GHz] modeling, design and simulation with intended automotive applicability and applications is proposed. The presented novel new 5G below 6 [GHz] monopoleantenna: 1. Is not being investigated on the literatures review and published papers studied. 2. No paper exists on these frequency bands. 3. The desired monopole antenna is a new antenna with fewer components, reduction in size, low profile, competitive cost, better response to received RF signals for frequencies for future 5G below 6 [GHz] with each of the following: a. Range of operating frequencies, 0.6 [GHz] to 5.9256 [GHz]. b. Centerfrequency = 3.2628 [GHz] ~ 3.3 [GHz] for the above band. c. Lambda (λ) = (3.0 x10^8 [m/sec^2])/(3.3x10^9 [Hz])=0.090 [m] = 90 [mm], lambda (λ) /4 = (0.090 [m])/4=0.0225 [m]=22.5 m To be more direct, simulation studies are carried out and are done utilizing FEKO software package from Altair to model the proposed monopole antenna for 5G below 6 [GHz] frequency band. The focus is on the frequency band for 5G sub 6 [GHz] cellular system. The paper will introduce the following key points: 1. Modelled and anayzed single element 5G sub 6 [GHz] monopole antenna. 2. Student version of CAD FEKO program was used to design our desired monopole antenna with a wire feed excitation coupled with step-by-step instructions is undertaken to highlight the model geometry creation of our monopole antenna. POST FEKO program is used to plot and view our simulation results. 3. We report the development of 5G below 6 [GHz] for fifth generation (5G) system that meets automotive and vehicle homologation specification requirement of antenna height < 70 [mm]. So that the proposed monopole antenna can easly be integrated into multi tuned cellular antenna system. 4. The FEKO simulation is conducted in 2D and 3D element model, in terms of Far-Field Vertical Gain as a function of an Elevation Angle plots. 5. Future research work and study for the next steps will be recommended.

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Kucherenko, V. O., Yu V. Таmarkina i O. O. Abakumov. "Formation of long-flame coal microporous structure under alkali activation. Influence of temperature". Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 15, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp15.02.241.

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The CMs were obtained in argon in three stages: 1) heating (4 grad/min) to the specified temperature t in the range of 350–825 °С; 2) isothermal exposure 1 h; 3) cooling, washing from alkali and drying. Samples are denoted as CM(t). The CM yield (Y, %) and CMs elemental composition are determined. Based on low-temperature (77 K) nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, integral and differential dependences of the specific surface area SDFT (m2/g) and pore volume V (cm3/g) on the average pore diameter (D, nm) were calculated by 2D-NLDFT-НS method (SAIEUS program). They were used to define volumes of ultramicropores (Vumi), supermicropores (Vsmi) and micropores (Vmi). The total pore volume V was calculated from the nitrogen amount adsorbed at a relative pressure p/p0 ~ 1.0. The S values of ultramicropores (Sumi), supermicropores (Ssmi) and micropores (Smi) were similarly determined. The CM yield was established to decrease linearly (R2 = 0.979) from 70.2 to 45.3 % with an increase in temperature from 350 to 825 °С. The carbon content decreases to a minimum value at 500 °С (72.6 %), and then increases to a maximum value (87.5 %) at 825 °С; the oxygen content changes antibatically. Two temperature regions were identified: region I (≤ 500 °С) of increasing the oxygen content due to reactions in which KOH acts as a donor of O atoms; region II (≥ 500 °C) of dominating the thermal destruction of functional groups (carboxyl, lactone, ester) with the release of CO and CO2, and condensation increasing the size of polyarenes of the CM secondary framework and formsng single Сar-Саr bonds between them. The CM(350) sample was found to contain only mesopores (D ≥ 10 nm) and macropores. An activation temperature increase to 400 °C initiates the additional formation of small-diameter micropores and mesopores. In samples CM(400) - CM(825), the main portion of newly formed pores falls on pores with D ≤ 5 nm. With increasing temperature, the micropores volume increases almost linearly (R2 = 0.992). The Vumi and Vsmi volumes increase up to 600 °C. At higher temperatures the ultramicropores volume decreases due to transforming ultramicropores (D ≤ 0.7 nm) into supermicropores (D = 0.7–2.0 nm). Portion of the ultramicropores volume changes with a maximum (23.9 %) in the CM(600) sample. The SBET specific surface area linearly (R2 = 0.992) increases with temperature up to 1729 m2/g. The SDFT values are close to SBET, but noticeably lower (1514–1530 m2/g) for CM(785)-CM(825). The micropores specific surface area increases to 1415 m2/g, and ultramicropore surface Sumi changes extremely with a maximum (526 m2/g) for the CM(600) sample, which should be expected based on the temperature dependence of the Vumi parameter. The decrease in Sumi values after the maximum is compensated by an increase in the supermicropore surface. Such an effect - the redistribution of pores by size in the microporous range (D ≤ 2 nm) with an increase in the alkaline activation temperature is not described in the literature. The portion of the micropores surface is dominant (92.6–97.0 %) in samples prepared at t ≥ 450 °C. The portion of the ultramicropore surface is maximum (56.3 %) in CM(500). Pores are revealed that do not form at all at 450–750 °C. These are supermicropores (D = 0.96–2.00 nm) and mesopores of small diameters (D = 2.0–2.82 nm). This effect was assumed to be due to the properties of the CM supramolecular framework, which is formed from polyarene fragments of the initial and activated coals having polyarenes with diameters of the same order (1.68–2.54 nm).

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Charalampopoulos, Georgios, Ilias Maniatis i Maria Daletou. "Non-PGM Cathode Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 40 (22.12.2023): 1940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02401940mtgabs.

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Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, PEMFCs, are considered the most ideal next generation energy conversion device, able to provide power to a broad range of applications; automotive, combined heat and power, portable electronic devices. Pt-based electrocatalysts are regarded as ideal for promoting the desired redox reactions of a fuel cell, especially the sluggish oxygen reduction at the cathode, ORR. High expense and scarcity of Pt are the greatest impediments to successful commercialization of this technology. The replacement of unsustainable noble-metal catalysts with platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for material wise and market value viable PEMFCs. Among the different attempts towards non-PGM catalysts, incorporating atomically dispersed transition metal atoms (Fe, Mn, etc.) and heteroatoms (N, S, etc.) into carbon frameworks is the most promising [1,2]. Large specific surface area, high intrinsic ORR electrocatalytic activity, efficient porosity and sufficient stability in acid media and/or in the actual working environment are the least requirements to consider when designing the catalysts. So far, despite the tremendous efforts, many drawbacks still persist that include poor understanding of the nature of active centres and their control over the synthesis, as well as fast decay of the structure under operation. In this work, we will present a rationally designed strategy to prepare hybrid composite catalysts by developing Fe–N–C materials onto different 2D and 3D templates [3,4] with differentiated surface chemistry (silicon and heteroatom-doped carbon structures). Despite structural and physicochemical characterization, the study includes extensive electrochemical characterization in terms of activity and durability in relative to the application conditions. An example is depicted in Figure 1 for a single atom Fe-N-C catalyst synthesized using porous silica nanotubes as the sacrificial template resulting in a hierarchically porous structure with a surface area of 370 m2/g. Electrochemical study revealed a half-wave potential of 0.72 V and an onset potential of 0.88 V with high stability in acidic environment. Very importantly, the different findings are correlated to one another, thereby establishing a composition to function relationship to provide a pathway for the integrated engineering of novel structures with improved performance. Acknowledgments Funding from the Operational Program “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship & Innovation” (EPAnEK), NSRF 2014-2020 through the project Solar2HyP Τ2ΕΔΚ-01877 References [1] L. Osmieri, et al., Current Opinion in Electrochemistry 25 (2020) 100627. [2] T. Asset, et al., Joule 4 (2019) 33-44. [3] Jin-Cheng Li et al., Asia Materials 10 (2018) e461 [4] Nan Zhang et al., Energy Environ. Sci. 13 (2020) 111-118 Figure 1

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WOLF-GLADROW, DIETER, i ARMIN VOGELER. "PAIR INTERACTION LATTICE GAS ON GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS: FORTRAN OR C?" International Journal of Modern Physics C 03, nr 06 (grudzień 1992): 1179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183192000804.

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We report on performance tests of pair interaction lattice gas automata in two and three dimensions coded in FORTRAN and C. The programs have been run on ALLIANT/FX-80, ALLIANT/FX-2800, CONVEX C2, CRAY-YMP, NEC/SX3, and SUN/IPC. The maximum update rates are 200 million site updates per second on the NEC/SX3 (FORTRAN), 117 (2D version) and 29 (3D version) on the CRAY-YMP (C). As a byproduct we give results for the performance of integer arithmetic and bit operations. Usually the C-programs were somewhat faster than the FORTRAN-programs except on the NEC/SX3 where the C-compiler was not able to vectorize the main loops.

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