Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „2017 g-375”

Good plantation management is important to increase the productivity of immature oil palm plants, one of which is chemical weed control. This study aims to (1) determine the dosage of paraquat herbicide which is effective in controlling weeds in the area of immature oil palm plantations, (2) find out the differences in the composition of weed species on immature oil palm plates after application of the paraquat herbicide, (3) find out the phytotoxicity of paraquat herbicides in immature oil palm plants after the application of the paraquat dichloride herbicide. This research was carried out in the farmers' oil palm plantation in Jontor Village, Gayabaru District , Central Lampung Regency and Weed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from November 2017 to February 2018. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 4 replications and 6 treatments consisting dose of paraquat dichloride herbicide of 375g / ha, 500 g / ha, 625 g / ha, 750 g / ha, and mechanical weeding and without weed control (control). Homogeneity of the various data was tested by the Bartlett test, data additivity was tested by the Tukey test and the difference in the mean was tested with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at α 5 level. The result of the study showed that : (1) the herbicide paraquat dichloride dose of 375-750 g / ha effectively control weeds in total, weed leaf width of up to 8 week after application, weed grasses and weeds puzzle to 4 week after application, (2) the herbicide paraquat dichloride dose of 375-750 g / ha is effective in controlling Praxelis clematidea weeds up to 8 week after application, weed Ottochloa nodosa and Asystasia gangetica up to 4 week after application, (3) paraquate dichloride dosage levels 375-750 g / ha resulting in differences in weed composition at 4, 8 and 12 week after application , (4) dosages of 375 - 750 g / ha parakuat dichloride herbicides applied to dishes not poisoning immature oil palm plants.

We present the temperature dependent elastic and ultrasonic properties of sodium borohydride. The second and third order elastic constants of NaBH4 have been computed in the temperature range 0-300K using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The sodium borohydride crystallizes into NaCl-type structure. The computed values of second order elastic constants have been applied to evaluate the temperature dependent mechanical properties such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, tetragonal modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Zener anisotropy factor and ultrasonic velocity to predict futuristic information about sodium borohydride. The fracture to toughness ratio (bulk modulus/shear modulus) in sodium borohydride varied from 1.91 to 1.62, which shows its behavioral change from ductile to brittle on increasing the temperature. Then, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters have been computed with the use of elastic constants in the temperature regime 100-300K. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available experimental and theoretical results. [1] A. Amudhavalli, M. Manikandan, A. Jemmy Cinthia, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy and K. Iyakutti, Z. Naturforsch. A 72 (2017) 321. [2] D.Singh, P.K.Yadawa and S.K.Sahu, Cryogenics 50 (2010) 476. [3] V. Bhalla, D.Singh and S.K.Jain, Int. J. Comput. Mat. Sc. Eng. 5 (2016) 1650012. [4] S. Kaushik, D. Singh and G. Mishra, Asian J. Chem. 24 (2012) 5655. [5] D. Chernyshov, A. Bosak, V. Dmitriev, Y. Filmchuk and H. Hagemann, Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008)172104. [6] H. Hagemann, S. Gomes, G. Renaudin and K. Yvon, J. Alloys Compd. 363 (2004) 126. [7] Y. Filinchuk, D. Chernyshov and V. Dmitriev, Z. Kristallogr. 223 (2008) 649. [8] Z.Xiao Dong, J.Z. Yi, Z. Bo, H. Z. Feng and H.Y. Qing, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(2011)076201. [9] T. Ghellab, Z. Charifi, H. Baaziz, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur and F. Soyalp, Phys. Scr. 91 (2016) 045804. [10] S. Bae, S. Gim, H. Kim and K. Hanna, Appl. Catal. B: Environm. 182 (2016) 541. [11] G. Renaudin, S. Gomes, H. Hagemann, L. Keller and K. Yvon, J Alloys Compd. 375 (2004) 98. [12] P. Vajeeston, P. Ravindran, A. Kjekshus and H. Fjellvåg, J Alloys Compd. 387 (2005) 97. [13] S. Orimo, Y. Nakamori, J.R. Eliseo, A. Zuttel and C. M. Jensen, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 4111. [14] A. Istek and E. Gonteki, J. Environ. Bio.7 (2009) 951. [15] R. S. Kumar and A.L. Cornelinus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 261916. [16] E. Kim, R. Kumar, P. F. Weck, A. L. Cornelius, M. Nicol, S. C. Vogel, J. Zhang, M. Hartl, A.C. Stowe, L. Daemen and Y. Zhao, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. B 111 (2007) 13873. [17] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev. 133 (1964) A1611. [18] P.B. Ghate, Phy. Rev. 139 (1965) A1666 [19] S. Mori, Y. Hiki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 45 (1975) 1449. [20] V. Bhalla, R. Kumar, C. Tripathy and D. Singh, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27 (2013) 1350116. [21] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S. Tripathi, V. Bhalla and A. K. Gupta, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2014) 485. [22] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev.137 (1965) 1826. [23] W. P. Mason, Physical Acoustics, vol. IIIB, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [24] M.P. Tosi, Solid State Physics, vol. 12, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [25] Y. Nakamori and S. Orimo, J. Alloy Compd.370(2004)271. [26] D. Singh, D.K. Pandey and P.K. Yadawa, Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 7 (2009) 198. [27] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, G. Mishra and M. Wan, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 38 (2016)23. [28] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S.K. Pandey, G. Mishra and V. Bhalla, VNU J. Sc.: Math. Phys. 32(2016)43. [29] J.P.Watt and L. Peselnick, J.Appl. Phys. 51 (1980) 1525. [30] S.F.Pugh, Philos.Mag. 45 (1954) 823. [31] V. Bhalla, D. Singh and S.K. Jain, Int. J. Thermophys. 37(2016)33. [32] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, S.K. Jain and R. Kumar, Pramana- J. Phys. 86 (2016)135.

The use of herbicide treatments is an important method for reducing the competition between crop and weeds. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the degree of selectivity and the effectiveness of five new herbicides applied early post-emergently (stage of development of crop 2-4 leaves; stage of development of weeds 1-3 leaves) in the control of the annual and perennial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species from the maize crop. The study was performed on cambic chernozem in the experimental) fields of the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea in the years 2017 and 2018. The herbicide treatments were: Adengo [isoxaflutol 225 g/l + tiencarbazon-metil 90 g/l + ciprosulfamide (safener) 150 g/l] + Lontrel 300 (300 g/l clopyralid); Adengo [isoxaflutol 225 g/l + tiencarbazon-metil 90 g/l + ciprosulfamide (safener) 150 g/l], Merlin Duo (isoxaflutol 37,5 g/l + terbutilazin 375 g/l), Akris (dimetenamid-P 280 g/l + terbutilazin 250 g/l) and Arigo (nicosulfuron 12% + rimsulfuron 3% + mezotrione 36%) + Adj. (Trend). In this study, best control of annual and perennial weeds was achieved in the experimental variants: Adengo + Lontrel; Arigo + Adj. The herbicides application must be correlated with: the infestation degree of weeds, the spectrum and dominance of weeds, the time of application, the type of soil, the local climatic conditions.

Abstract. This paper presents new laboratory measurements of the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) between 375 and 850 nm for 12 individual samples of mineral dust from different source areas worldwide and in two size classes: PM10. 6 (mass fraction of particles of aerodynamic diameter lower than 10.6 µm) and PM2. 5 (mass fraction of particles of aerodynamic diameter lower than 2.5 µm). The experiments were performed in the CESAM simulation chamber using mineral dust generated from natural parent soils and included optical and gravimetric analyses. The results show that the MAE values are lower for the PM10. 6 mass fraction (range 37–135 × 10−3 m2 g−1 at 375 nm) than for the PM2. 5 (range 95–711 × 10−3 m2 g−1 at 375 nm) and decrease with increasing wavelength as λ−AAE, where the Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) averages between 3.3 and 3.5, regardless of size. The size independence of AAE suggests that, for a given size distribution, the dust composition did not vary with size for this set of samples. Because of its high atmospheric concentration, light absorption by mineral dust can be competitive with black and brown carbon even during atmospheric transport over heavy polluted regions, when dust concentrations are significantly lower than at emission. The AAE values of mineral dust are higher than for black carbon (∼ 1) but in the same range as light-absorbing organic (brown) carbon. As a result, depending on the environment, there can be some ambiguity in apportioning the aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) based on spectral dependence, which is relevant to the development of remote sensing of light-absorbing aerosols and their assimilation in climate models. We suggest that the sample-to-sample variability in our dataset of MAE values is related to regional differences in the mineralogical composition of the parent soils. Particularly in the PM2. 5 fraction, we found a strong linear correlation between the dust light-absorption properties and elemental iron rather than the iron oxide fraction, which could ease the application and the validation of climate models that now start to include the representation of the dust composition, as well as for remote sensing of dust absorption in the UV–vis spectral region.

A field experiment was carried out at Instructional farm, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India during the rainy season of 2016 and 2017 to study the bio-efficacy of glufosinate ammonium 13.5% SL (15% w/v) herbicide on weed con- trol, growth and yield of Bt-cotton hybrid (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was conducted in 3 times repli- cated randomized block design (RBD) comprising 7 weed-control treatments, viz. 4 doses of glufosinate ammo- nium 13.5% SL (15% W/V) @ 300, 375, 450 and 525 g/ha, paraquat dichloride 24% SL @ 500 g/ha, hand-weeding (weed-free control) and weedy control. The weed-free treatment by frequent hand-weeding showed maximum growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of cotton. Among the herbicidal treatments, the post-emergence ap- plication of glufosinate ammonium 13.5% SL (15% W/V) @ 525 g/ha was found to be the alternative of hand-weed- ing in respect to weed-control efficiency, growth and yield of cotton. This treatment also realized the highest net re- turn (` 41,689/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.11), followed by glufosinate ammonium 13.5% SL (15% W/V) @ 450 g/ ha.

Farmer participatory field trials were conducted for assessing the effects of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technology for the management of major pests of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experiment was conducted during March to October, 2016 and 2017 at three locations, viz. Kota Kwanu, Majhgaon Kwanu and Malot Kwanu in Chakrata block of district Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India on two popular, bacterial wilt resistant tomato hybrids, viz. Abhinav and Heamsohna. The various treatments were as follows: T1, seed treatment with Trichoderma + Pseudomonas @ 20 g/kg of seeds: T2, use of FYM @ 100 Q/ha fortified with Trichoderma + Pseudomonas; T3, planting of Abhinav and Heamsohna; T4, weekly hand picking and destruction of leaves, shoots and fruits infected by late blight; T5, staking of plants; T6, four applications of cymoxanil + mancozeb @ 2 g/l at 30, 45, 60- and 75 days after planting; and T7, application of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 0.3 ml/l at 65-days. Incidence of diseases such as late blight and bacterial wilt, and pests such as fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera was significantly high in the control plots. The severity of pest and diseases was comparatively more in 2017 than 2016 due to conducive climatic conditions. Maximum yield (410 q and 400 q/ha) was recorded during 2016 and 2017, respectively due to IPM practices combining all possible components as compared to other treatments or control. As a result of enhanced fruit yield, the gross (Rupees 615 000/ha and Rupees 800 000/ha) and net income (Rupees 428 180/ha and Rupees 610 375/ha) were realized during 2016 and 2017, respectively. The cost benefit ratio was also maximum due to combination of all IPM components (1:2.3 and 1:3.22) both during 2016 and 2017, respectively. The IPM strategies combining all possible components proved significantly superior not only in effective management of major diseases and pests but also helped in realizing higher productivity and thereby enhanced income of tomato growers in remote tribal regions of Dehradun, Uttarakhand.

375 Background: Combination FP with P CT have become the standard of care for advanced G/GEJ cancer. Clinical trials in conjunction with practice, have adopted induction FP and P CT for 3-4 months (mos). In other GI malignancies, induction CT followed by maintenance CT (MTC) has been shown to improve patient (pt) outcomes compared to observation, with a decrease in treatment (trmt) related toxicities with induction therapy. However a maintenance approach in G/GEJ cancer has not been investigated in clinical trials. We investigated pt outcomes with metastatic G/GEJ cancer who received continuous induction (CTX) versus induction followed by MTC. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pts with metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma treated with (FP+ P)-based CT between 2007 to 2017 from three centers of a single institution was performed. Metastatic G/GEJ cancer pts who achieved at least stable disease after initial induction trmt were included. Pts were categorized into the CTX group if they received greater than 16 weeks or 8 cycles of combined CT and assigned to the MTC group if they received maintenance FP monotherapy after 8 or less cycles of combined induction CT. Data was extracted from the medical record to determine progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicities. Results: Sixty-four pts that met criteria and were evaluated, thirty-four received CTX and thirty received MTC. No significant difference in PFS (12.1 vs 8.0 mos p = .72, HR=1.10 95%CI .66-1.83) was observed between the CTX and MTC groups, additionally there was no significant difference in OS. A significant decrease in trmt related toxicities were observed, with a higher proportion of thrombocytopenia (84.8% vs 50.0% p = .004), and grade 3 neuropathy (39.4% vs 13.8% p =.024) in CTX pts (Table). Conclusions: MTC following induction FP/P CT is associated with an improved toxicity profile and appears to be effective compared to CTX in metastatic G/GEJ cancer. Prospective randomized studies confirming its potential benefits compared with continuous induction CT are warranted. [Table: see text]

Inshell walnuts collected from California walnut handlers over four harvests were evaluated for the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected in any of 2,903 375-g samples evaluated in 2011, 2012, and 2013 (<0.034% prevalence; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0 to 0.13%). Salmonella was not isolated from any of the 935 samples in 2010 (100 g evaluated; <0.11% prevalence; 95% CI, 0 to 0.41%) but was isolated from 2 of 905 (375 g; 0.22% prevalence; 95% CI, 0.061 to 0.80%), 1 of 998 (375 g; 0.10% prevalence; 95% CI, 0.018 to 0.56%), and 1 of 1,000 (375 g; 0.10% prevalence; 95% CI, 0.018 to 0.56%) samples in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively, for an average annual prevalence of 0.14% (375 g; 95% CI, 0.054 to 0.35%). The levels of Salmonella in positive samples determined by a modified most-probable-number (MPN) method were estimated to be 0.32 to 0.42 MPN/100 g (95% CI, 0.045 to 3.6 MPN/100 g).

AbstractThe feasibility of fabricating Mg alloy degradable composites with fly ash cenospheres (FACs) using stir casting has been demonstrated. The effects of FAC addition (mass fraction: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt.%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior were investigated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, density tests, compression tests, immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The result shows that the degradable composites are mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Mg17Al12, Mg2Si and MgO phase, and FAC can refine the grain size. The average measured densities of the FAC/Mg alloy composites are higher than the theoretical values due to the formation of the Mg2Si phase, which are in the range of 1.8843–2.0526 g/cm3. The compressive strength of the degradable composites dramatically enhances with the addition of FAC, and the maximum strength is 375 MPa with the 8-wt.% mass fraction, which can be attributed to the refined grains and the formation of massive Mg2Si phase. Furthermore, the corrosion rate of the degradable composites with 10 wt.% FACs shows the highest value of 5.02 g/h in 3 wt.% potassium chloride solution at 80°C, which is three times higher than the corrosion rate of composites without FAC. With the increase in FAC content, more Mg2Si phases formed; thus, micro-galvanic corrosion works well in the composites.

Current study was carried out for adaptability and response of newly introduced jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) variety in desert area of district Umerkot, Sindh with poor quality groundwater (>3500 ppm TSS). Aim of the study was to acclimatize this variety under harsh conditions to uplift the socio-economic situation of local population. The study was carried out for five consecutive fruiting seasons viz. flowering and fruiting season 2013-2014 to 2017-2018. The results revealed that during first fruiting season 2014-15, there were only three branches plant-1, 154 to 239 fruits branch-1, 462 to 879 fruits plant-1, 25.5 to 46.7 g fruit weight, 8.4 to 9.2 mm fruit size, 4.1 to 7.7 kg fruit yield plant-1 and 442.8 to 831.6 kg fruit yield acre-1. But from the third year to onwards i.e from 2015 to 2018 a continuous increase was observed for all characters studied like number of branches plant-1 increased from 5 to 8, number of fruits branch-1 increased from 339 to 375, total fruits plant-1 increased from 1695 to 2538, weight of fruit was increased from 58.6 to 107.15 g, size of fruit increased from 9.2 to 9.8 mm, yield plant-1 was increased from 11.0 to 31.45 kg, yield acre-1 was increased from 1188 to 3396 kg and water use efficiency increased from 2.7 to 10.6 kg m3. Considering the above results, it was concluded that Ziziphus fruit yield, weight and size increases from third year to onwards significantly on brackish water and soil of arid areas of Thar. Pruning each year after fruit harvesting was found to be essential. As this plant with stands in harsh climate of Thar desert successfully, so it provides food in the form of fruits, fodder through leaves and wood for fuel and shelter for humans and animals, thus it will be helpful to the people of Thar in terms of malnutrition, food scarcity and climate change, as well.

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica na área de Inovação Frugal (IF), nas bases de dados Web of Science e Scopus (CAPES, 2021). Metodologia: A pesquisa é caracterizada como descritiva com abordagem quantitativa e aplicação da técnica bibliométrica. Assim, após definir a técnica e tema, a busca foi realizada nas bases WoS e Scopus por tópico, utilizando os termos “frugal innovation”, com intervalo de tempo de 2010 a 2020, resultando em 306 publicações na WoS e 396 na Scopus. Em seguida, os dados foram organizados na Planilha Excel e após, as publicações foram identificadas nas seguintes categorias: evolução temporal, áreas temáticas, publicações por países, autores e frequência de citações. Por fim, utilizou-se o software VOSViewer para a criação de mapas textuais e clusters de co-citação. Resultados: Destaca-se que a temática de Inovação Frugal vem crescendo em frequência de publicações, destacando-se o ano de 2020. Dentre os resultados, a Índia e Estados Unidos encontram-se entre os primeiros que mais publicam e em nona posição encontra-se o Brasil encontra-se em nona posição. Quanto a area, Gestão, Negócios e Contabilidade tem a primeira posição. Entre os anos de 201 a 2020, somando entre as bases, tem-se o total de 5.281 citações. Originalidade/Valor: O uso da técnica de bibliometria apresenta-se como uma ferramenta relevante para a disseminação do conhecimento científico e tecnológico, possibilitando aos pesquisadores a análise quantitativa, descritiva e prognóstica de publicações realizadas em uma determinada área da ciência. Além disso, este estudo contribui com a disseminação do conhecimento sobre a inovação frugal, que é necessária para países que buscam o desenvolvimento econômico a partir da diminuição do uso de recursos e atendendo uma maior quantidade de pessoas, que antes não tinham acesso a determinados mercados e produtos. Palavra-chave: Inovação, Inovação Frugal, Bibliometria. Baptista, R., Escaria, V.& Madruga, P. (2008). Entrepreneurship, regional development and job creation: the case of Portugal. Small Business Economics, 30(1),49-58. Bhatti, Y. A. (2012). What is Frugal, What is Innovation? Towards a Theory of Frugal Innovation. SSRN Electronic Journal, p. 1-45. Bouchery, Y.; Ghaffari, A.; Jemai, Z. & Fransoo, J. (2016). Sustainable transportation and order quantity: insights from multiobjective optimization. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 28 (3), 367-396. Crossan, M. M.; Apaydin, M. (2010). A multi‐ dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Management Studies, 47 (6), 1154-1191. Drucker, P. F. (2016). Inovação e Espírito Empreendedor: (entrepreneurship): práticas e princípios. tradução de: Carlos J. Malferrari. São Paulo: Cengage Learning. Elia, G.; Margherita, A.& Petti, C. (2016). An operational model to develop technology entrepreneurship EGO-system, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 13 (5),164-182. Hair, J.F.; Tatham, R. L.; Anderson, R. E.& Black, W. C. (1998). Análise multivariada de dados. Tradução Adonai Schlup Sant’Anna e Anselmo Chaves Neto. 5. ed. Porto Alegre: Bookman. Hossain, M.; Simula, H.& Halme, M. (2016) Can Frugal go global? Diffusion patterns of frugal innovations. Technology in Society, 46, 132-139. Jiménez, D. J.; Costa, M. M. & Valle, R. S. (2014). Knowledge management practices for innovation: a multinational corporation‘s perspective. Journal of Knowledge Management, 18 (5), 905-918. Khan, R. (2016). How frugal innovation Promotes Social Sustainability. Sustainability, 8 (1034),1-29. Kunamaneni, S. (2019). Challenges in moving from incremental to radical low-cost innovation in emerging and transition countries: institutional perspectives based on rechargeable battery innovation in China and point-of-use water purification innovation in India. International Journal of Innovation Management, 23(03), 1-36. Leydesdorff, L.& Etzkowitz, H. (1998). The Triple Helix as a model for innovation studies. Science and Public Policy, 25(3), 195-203. Moustaghfir, K.& Schiuma, G. Knowledge, learning, and innovation: research and perspectives. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(4), 495 – 510. Oliveira, J.& Moraes, K. (2016). Produção do conhecimento na universidade pública no brasil: tensões, tendências e desafios. Educação em Revista. Belo Horizonte, 32(4). Prabhu, J. (2017) Frugal innovation: doing more with less for more, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 375 (2095), 375. Quandt, C. O.; Bezerra, C. A. & Ferraresi, A. A. (2015). Dimensions of organizational innovativeness and its impact on innovation performance: proposition and evaluation of a model. Gestão & Produção, 22(4), 873-886. Prahalad, C. K.& Hart, S. L. (2008). The fortune at the bottom of the pyramid. Estratégias e Negócios, Florianópolis, 1(2), 1-23. Radjou, N. & Prabhu, J. (2014). What frugal innovators do. Harvard Business Review, v. 10. Ramos‐Rodríguez, A. R & Ruíz‐Navarro, J. (2004). Changes in the intellectual structure of strategic management research: a bibliometric study of the Strategic Management Journal 1980-2000. Strategic Management Journal, 25, 981-1004. Rao, B. C. (2017). Advances in science and technology through frugality. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 45 (1), 32-38. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). A Teoria do Desenvolvimento Econômico: Uma Investigação sobre Lucros, Capital, Crédito, Juros e o Ciclo de Negócios, Transaction Publishers, Cambridge. Schumpeter, J. A. (1982). Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico: uma investigação sobre lucros, capital, crédito, juro e o ciclo econômico. Abril Cultural. Simula, H.; Hossain, M. & Halme, M. (2015). Frugal and reverse innovations – Quo Vadis? Current Science, 109 (5), 1567-1572. Tiwari, R. & Herstatt, C. (2012). India-a lead market for frugal innovations? Extending the lead market theory to emerging economies. TIM/TUHH Working Paper, n. 67. Torres, T. Z.; Pierozzi, J. I.; Pereira, N. R. & CASTRO, A. de. Knowledge management and communication in Brazilian agricultural research: An integrated procedural approach. International Journal of Information Management. v. 31, p. 121-127. Weyrauch, T. & Herstatt, C. (2017). What is frugal innovation? Three defining criteria. Journal of Frugal Innovation, 2 (1). Zeschky, M.; Widenmayer, B. & Gassmann, O. (2011). Frugal Innovation in Emerging Markets. Research-Technology Management, 54(4), 38-45.

Three treatments were used in two-year (2014–2015) field experiments with broccoli cv. Bejo 2914 F1: (1) untreated control; (2) Zn_0.75 – Zinkuran SC as foliar fertiliser at the rate of 0.75 L/ha (375 g Zn/ha); (3) Zn_1.50 – Zinkuran SC as foliar fertiliser at the rate of 1.50 L/ha (750 g Zn/ha). The statistically significant differences of individual broccoli parameters were found after zinc applications. In both experimental years the yield of broccoli with additional zinc fertilisation was significantly higher by about 8.2–14.4% (Zn_0.75) and 12.5–17.5% (Zn_1.50), respectively, than in the control. Foliar zinc application significantly increased the sulforaphane content in broccoli florets by about 19.8–32.9% (Zn_0.75) and 37.2–49.3% (Zn_1.50), respectively, compared to the control. By contrast, the content of total polyphenolics (of about 9.0–12.5% (Zn_0.75) and 33.9–35.2% (Zn_1.50)) and antioxidant activity (Zn_0.75 (3.7–4.2%) and Zn_1.50 (5.3–7.0)) decreased as a result of zinc fertilisation. The investigations pointed to zinc as a very important micronutrient with strong influence on the yield and chosen qualitative, health promoting parameters of broccoli.

Методом цитратной золь-гель технологии получен новый двойной борат рубидия–гольмия состава Rb3HoB6O12. Соединение кристаллизуется в тригональной сингонии (пр. гр. R32, a = 13.4038(7), с = 30.315(2) Å, V = 4716.76 Å3) и плавится инконгруэнтно при 818 °С. Попытки получить в однофазном состоянии Rb3HoB6O12 методом твердофазных реакций не привели к положительному результату REFERENCES Wu C., Yang G., Humphrey M.G., Zhang C. Recent advances in ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet secondorder nonlinear optical crystals // Chem. Rev., 2018, v. 375, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2018.02.017 Bubnova R., Volkov S., Albert B., Filatov S. Borates – crystal structures of prospective nonlinear optical materials: high anisotropy of the thermal expansion caused by anharmonic atomic vibrations // Crystals, 2017, v. 7, pp.1–32. DOI: 10.3390/cryst7030093 Becker P. Borate materials in nonlinear optics // Mater., 1998, v. 10, pp. 979–992. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199809)10:13<979::AIDADMA979>3.0.CO;2-N Chen C., Li R. The anionic group theory of the nonlinear optical effect and its applications in the development of new high-quality NLO crystals in the borate series // Rev. Phys. Chem., 1988, v. 8, pp. 65–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442358909353223 Chen C., Wu Y., Jiang A., Wu B., You G., Li R., Lin S. New nonlinear-optical crystal: LiB3O5 // Opt. Soc. Am. B: Opt. Phys., 1989, v. 6, pp. 616–621. https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.6.000616 French R. H., Ling J. W., Ohuchi F. S., Chen C. T. Electronic structure of b-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonlinear optical crystals // Rev. B: Condens. Matter, 1991, v. 44, pp. 8496–8502. https://doi.org/10.1103/Phys-RevB.44.8496 Yusuke Mori, Ikio Kuroda, Satoshi Nakajima, Takamoto Sasaki, Sadao Nakai. New nonlinear optical crystal: Cesium lithium borate // Phys. Lett., 1995, v. 67, pp. 1818–1820. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.115413 Haohai Yu, Zhongben Pan, Huaijin Zhang, Jiyang Wang. Recent advances in self-frequency-doubling crystals // Materiomics, 2016, v. 2, pp. 55–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmat.2015.12.001 Bajor A.L., Kisielewski J., Klos A., Kopzyński K., Lukasiewicz T., Mierczyk J., Mlyńczak J. Assessment of gadolinium calcium oxoborate (GdCOB) for laser applications // Opto-electronics Review, 2011, v. 19, pp. 439–448. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11772-011-0042-2 Dan Zhao, Cong-Kui Nie, Ye Tian, Bao-Zhong Liu, Yun-Chang Fan, Ji Zhao. A new luminescent host material K3GdB6O12: synthesis, crystal structure and luminescent properties activated by Sm3+ // Kristallogr., 2018, v. 233, pp. 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2017-2101 Dan Zhao, Fa-Xue Ma, Rui-Juan Zhang, Wei Wei, Juan Yang, Ying-Jie Li. A new rare-earth borate K3LuB6O12: crystal and electronic structure, and luminescent properties activated by Eu3+ // Mater Sci: Mater Electron., 2017, pp. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5501-6 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Dorzhieva S. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Pugachev A. M., Tushinova Yu. L., Yelisseyev A. P. Exploration of structural, thermal, vibrational and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric double borate Rb3NdB6O12 // Powder Technol., 2017, v. 28, pp. 1309–1315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.02.019 Atuchin V. V., Subanakov A. K., Aleksandrovsky A. S., Bazarov B. G., Bazarova J. G., Gavrilova T. A., Krylov A. S., Molokeev M. S., Oreshonkov A. S., Stefanovich S. Yu. Structural and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric selfactivated borate Rb3EuB6O12 with B5O10 units // Des., 2018, v. 140, pp. 488–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.12.004 Sangen Zhao, Guochun Zhang, Jiyong Yao, Yicheng Wu. K3YB6O12: A new nonlinear optical crystal with a short UV cutoff edge // Res. Bull., 2012, v. 47, pp. 3810–3813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.05.062 Miriding Mutailipu, Zhiqing Xie, Xin Su, Min Zhang, Ying Wang, Zhihua Yang, Muhammad Ramzan Saeed Ashraf Janjua, Shilie Pan. Chemical cosubstitution- oriented design of rare-earth borates as potential ultraviolet nonlinear optical materials // Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, v. 139, pp. 18397–18405. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11263 Li Yang, Yingpeng Wan, Honggen Weng, Yanlin Huang, Cuili Chen, Hyo Jin Seo. Luminescence and color center distributions in K3YB6O12 : Ce3+ phosphor // Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 2016, v. 49 (325303), pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/32/325303

Исследованы структурные особенности нанокомпозитов, полученных при лазерном облучении водно-белковых сред с одностенными углеродными нанотрубками (ОУНТ), электродуговым (ОУНТI) и газофазным методами (ОУНТII). С помощью спектроскопии комбинационного рассеяния нанокомпозитов определен нековалентный характер взаимодействия нанотрубок с молекулами белков. Белковая составляющая в нанокомпозитах подверглась необратимой денатурации и может выступать в качестве связующего биосовместимого материала, который является источником аминокислот для биологических тканей при имплантации нанокомпозитов в организм. Образцы, изготовленные из ОУНТI, с меньшим диаметром и длиной имели наиболее однородную структуру. При увеличении концентрации от 0.01 до 0.1 % происходило увеличение среднего размерамикропор от 45 до 85 мкм и пористости образца в общем с 46 до 58 %. При этом доля открытых пор для двух типов концентраций ОУНТI составила 2 % от общего объема композита. В нанокомпозитах на основе ОУНТI показано наличие мезопор. Увеличение концентрации нанотрубок привело к уменьшению удельных значений поверхности и объема пор образца. Исследованные нанокомпозиты могут использоваться в качестве тканеинженерных матриц для восстановления объемных дефектов биологических тканей REFERENCES Eletskii A. V. Carbon nanotubes. Usp., 1997, v. 40(9), pp. 899–924. https://dji.org/10.1070/PU1997v040n09ABEH000282 Tuchin A. V., Tyapkina V. A., Bityutskaya L. A., Bormontov E. N. Functionalization of capped ultrashort single-walled carbon nanotube (5, 5). Condensed matter and interphases, 2016, v. 18(4), pp. 568–577. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_4_2016_015.pdf (in Russ.) Dolgikh I., Tyapkina V. A., Kovaleva T. A., Bityutskaya L. A. 3D Topological changes in enzyme glucoamylase when immobilized on ulrta0short carbon naotubes. Condensed matter and interphases, 2016, v. 18(4), pp. 505–512. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_4_2016_007.pdf (in Russ.) Kulikova T. V., Tuchin A. V., Testov D. A., Bityutskaya L. A., Bormontov E. N., Averin A. A. Structure and properties of self-organized 2D and 3D antimony/carbon composites. Technical Physics, 2018, v. 63(7), pp. 995–1001. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063784218070216 Kulikova T. V., Bityutskaya L. A., Tuchin A. V., Lisov E. V., Nesterov S. I., Averin A. A., Agapov B. L. Structural heterogeneities and electronic effects in self-organized core-shell type structures of Sb. Letters on materials, 2017, v. 7(4), pp. 350–354. https://doi.org/10.22226/2410-3535-2017-4-350-354 Gerasimenko A. Yu. Laser structuring of the carbon nanotubes ensemble intended to form biocompatible ordered composite materials. Condensed matter and interphases, 2017, v. 19(4), pp. 489–501. https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2017.19/227 Ma R. Z., Wei B. Q., Xu C. L., Liang J., Wu D. H. The morphology changes of carbon nanotubes under laser irradiation. Carbon, 2000, vol. 38(4), pp. 636–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6223(00)00008-7 Sadeghpour H. R., Brian E. Interaction of laser light and electrons with nanotubes. Physica Scripta, 2004, vol. 110, pp. 262–267. https://doi.org/10.1238/physica. topical.110a00262 Gyorgy E., Perez del Pino A., Roqueta J., Ballesteros B., Cabana L., Tobias G. Effect of laser radiation on multi-wall carbon nanotubes: study of shell structure and immobilization process. of Nanoparticle Research, 2013, v. 15(8), p. 1852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1852-6 Krasheninnikov A. V., Banhart F. Engineering of nanostructured carbon materials with electron or ion beams. Nature Materials, 2007, v. 6(10), pp. 723–733. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1996 Ogihara N., Usui Y., Aoki K., Shimizu M., Narita N., Hara K., Nakamura K., Ishigaki N., Takanashi S., Okamoto M., Kato H., Haniu H., Ogiwara N., Nakayama N., Taruta S., Saito N. Biocompatibility and bone tissue compatibility of alumina ceramics reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Nanomedicine, 2012, v. 7(7), pp. 981–993. https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm.12.1 Abarrategi A., Gutiérrez M.C., Moreno-Vicente C., Hortigüela M. J., Ramos V., Lуpez-Lacomba J. L., Ferrer M. L., del Monte F. Multiwall carbon nanotube scaffolds for tissue engineering purposes. Biomaterials, 2008, v. 29(1), pp. 94–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.021 Newman P., Minett A., Ellis-Behnke R., Zreiqat H. Carbon nanotubes: Their potential and pitfalls for bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Nanomedicine, 2013, v. 9(8), pp. 1139–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.001 Sahithi K., Swetha M., Ramasamy K., Selvamurugan N. Polymeric composites containing carbon nanotubes for bone tissue engineering. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2010, v. 46(3). pp. 281–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.006 Pan L., Pei, He R., Wan Q., Wang J. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2012, vol. 93, pp. 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.01.011 Mattioli-Belmonte M., Vozzi G, Whulanza Y., Seggiani M., Fantauzzi V., Orsini G., Ahluwalia A. Tuning polycaprolactone–carbon nanotube composites for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2012, v. 32(2), pp. 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2011.10.010 Venkatesan J., Qian Z., Ryu B., Kumar N.A., Kim S. Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube-grafted-chitosan – Natural hydroxyapatite composite for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011, v. 83(2). pp. 569–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.019 Lin C., Wang Y., Lai Y., Yang W., Jiao F., Zhang H., Shefang Ye., Zhang Q. Incorporation of carboxylation multiwalled carbon nanotubes into biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) for bone tissue engineering. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2011, v. 83(2), pp. 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.011 Gerasimenko A. Yu. , Glukhova O. E., Savostyanov G. V., Podgaetsky V. M. Laser structuring of carbon nanotubes in the albumin matrix for the creation of composite biostructures. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2017, v. 22(6), pp. 065003-1–065003-8. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.065003

The industrial development era 4.0, many threats lurk children in the form of bad influence through books, videos, or other media and become a challenge for parents and teachers. Gender education and the introduction of personal identity are important given early on. This study aims to determine the effect of teacher knowledge on the implementation of gender education in early childhood. This research uses quantitative survey research methods with a simple linear regression design for data analysis. The respondents were 34 early childhood education teachers. The results show the data with the conclusion that the calculated value> t table and p-value (sig) of 0.001 (<0.05) which means that there is a significant influence on teacher knowledge about early childhood gender education. Research suggests about how to improve gender education in early childhood education and create learning modules for early childhood teacher guidance. Keywords: Early gender education, Teacher knowledge about gender education References: Adoniou, M. (2015). Teacher knowledge: a complex tapestry. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 43(2), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2014.932330 Awaji M, A. K. (2016). Analysis of workrelated injuries among health care workers in armed forces hospi-tal southern region, kingdom of saudi arabia. Br J Med Med Res., 15(4). Azwar, S. (2010). Sikap Manusia: Teori dan Pengukurannya Edisi 2. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Chapman, R. (2016). A case study of gendered play in preschools: how early childhood educators’ perceptions of gender influence children’s play. Early Child Development and Care, 186(8), 1271–1284. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1089435 Cherney, I. D., & Dempsey, J. (2010). Young children’s classification, stereotyping and play behaviour for gender neutral and ambiguous toys. Educational Psychology, 30(6), 651–669. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2010.498416 Filipović, K. (2018). Gender Representation in Children’s Books: Case of an Early Childhood Setting. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(3), 310–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2018.1464086 Francis, B. (2010). Gender, toys and learning. Oxford Review of Education, 36(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054981003732278 Frödén, S. (2019). Situated decoding of gender in a Swedish preschool practice. Ethnography and Education, 14(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2017.1422135 Ghozali, I. (2011). Aplikasi Analisis Mulivariante dengan Program IBM SPSS 19 Edisi 5. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Huggins, V. (2014). Education 3-13 : International Journal of Primary , Elementary and Early Years Education Children at play : Learning gender in the early years. gray2011.p(November). https://doi.org/10.1080/03004279.2011.644316 La Paro, K. M., Van Schagen, A., King, E., & Lippard, C. (2018). A Systems Perspective on Practicum Experiences in Early Childhood Teacher Education: Focus on Interprofessional Relationships. Early Childhood Education Journal, 46(4), 365–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-017-0872-8 Lynch, M. (2015). Guys and dolls: a qualitative study of teachers’ views of gendered play in kindergarten. Early Child Development and Care, 185(5), 679–693. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.950260 Meland, A. T., & Kaltvedt, E. H. (2019). Tracking gender in kindergarten. Early Child Development and Care, 189(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1302945 Muasya, J., & Kazungu, T. (2018). ‘The unfinished business’: Exploring teachers’ views on gender and pedagogical practices in public preschools in Nairobi county, Kenya. African Educational Research Journal, 6(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.30918/aerj.61.18.007 Notoatmodjo, S. (2014). Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Nursalam. (2014). Manajemen Keperawatan: Aplikasi Dalam Praktik Keperawatan Profesional. Jakarta: Salemba Medika. Papalia, D. E., & Duskin, R. (2015). Perkembangan Manusia. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika. Salawati, L., Herry, N., & Putra, A. (2014). Analisis Tindakan Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja Perawat Dalam Pengendalian Infeksi Nosokomial Di Ruang ICU RSUD DR. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. 14(3). Solehudin, M. (2018). Peran Guru Pai Dalam Mengembangkan Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) Dan Kecer-dasan Spiritual (SQ) Siswa Smk Komputama Majenang. Jurnal Tawadhu, 1(3). Sulastri, S., & Ahmad Tarmizi, A. T. (2017). Peran Orang Tua Dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Raudhatul Athfal: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 1(1), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.19109/ra.v1i1.1526 Suyadi. (2014). Teori pembelajaran anak usia dini, dalam kajian neourons. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Vanner, C. (2019). Examining gender safety in schools: Teacher agency and resistance in two primary schools in kirinyaga, kenya. Education Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010063 Warin, J., & Adriany, V. (2017). Gender flexible pedagogy in early childhood education. Journal of Gender Studies, 26(4), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2015.1105738 Wingrave, M. (2018). Perceptions of gender in early years. Gender and Education, 30(5), 587–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1258457 Wu, Y. P., Wu, J. F., Chen, Y. M., Han, L., Han, P. G., Wang, P., & Gao, F. (2015). Shyness and School Adjustment Among Chinese Preschool Children: Examining the Moderating Effect of Gender and Teacher–Child Relationship. Early Education and Development, 26(2), 149–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.970503 Zhukovskyi, V., & Kostiuk, O. (2015). Stages Of Gender Education In Canadian Secondary Schools. Comparative Professional Pedagogy, 5(2), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2015-0037

La distinción entre el lenguaje del humanismo cívico y el republicanismo resulta una aclaración conceptual adecuada para comprender las acciones de Robespierre ante la apertura de una nueva concepción de la política. En el humanismo cívico es posible encontrar elementos que responden a los presupuestos del comunitarismo, en tanto problemas que se circunscriben a una región limitada, y el republicanismo responde a exigencias que son susceptibles de universalidad. Ahora bien, esta distinción no es clara, ya que, durante la Revolución francesa, en especial en el caso de Robespierre, encontramos una mezcla entre la exigencia de la virtud cívica clásica con la búsqueda de un fundamento de legitimidad política con un enfoque social. Así, la anomalía ideológica de Robespierre solo puede esclarecerse a través de la comprensión de las peculiaridades del lenguaje de la virtud y el universalismo moral Palabras clave Republicanismo, comunitarismo, lenguaje político, mentalidades. Referencias Baron, H. (1966). The crisis of the early Italian Renaissance. Civic humanism and republican liberty in an age of classicism and tyranny. Princeton, Estados Unidos: Princeton University Press.Benjamin, W. (2013). Über den Begriff der Geschichte. En R. Tiedemann (Ed.).Walter Benjamin. Sprache und Geschichte. Philosophische Essays (pp. 141-154). Stuttgart, Alemania: Reclam.Bergeron, L., Furet, F. y Koselleck, R. (2012). La época de las revoluciones europeas, 1780-1848. Ciudad de México, México: Siglo xxi.Bernal, R. (2016). Fraternidad y democracia en el origen de nuestra modernidad política. En G. Ambriz Arévalo y R. Bernal Lugo (Coords.). El derecho contra el capital. Reflexiones desde la izquierda contemporánea (pp. 36-71). Chilpancingo, México: Contraste.Castro Gómez, S. (2019). Republicanismo transmoderno. En El tonto y los canallas. Notas para un republicanismo transmoderno (pp. 161-220). Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.Dubiel, H., Frankenberg, G. y Rödel, U. (1997). El dispositivo simbólico de la democracia. En La cuestión democrática (pp. 137-192). Madrid, España: Huerga y Fierro Editores.Gauthier, F. (2005, 23 de julio). Robespierre: por una república democrática social. Sin Permiso. Recuperado de http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/robespierre- por-una-repblica-democrtica-y-social.Gaytán, F. (2016). Hacia los nuevos testamentos jacobinos: los decálogos normativos para la laicidad. En Manual de redentores: laicidad y derechos, entre populismo y neojacobinismo (pp. 57-101). Ciudad de México, México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas.Gilroy, P. (2014). El Atlántico negro. Modernidad y doble conciencia. Madrid, España: Akal.James, C. L. R. (2003). Los jacobinos negros. Toussaint L’Overture y la Revolución de Haití. Ciudad de México, México: Turner-Fondo de Cultura Económica.Kant, I. (1900 s.). Kant’s Gesammelte Schriften (Editado por la Real Academia Prusiana de las Ciencias). Berlín, Alemania: Reimer [hoy De Gruyter]. Koselleck, R. (2017). Erfahrungsraum und Erwartungshorizont zwei historischen Kategorien. En Vergangene Zukunft. Zur Semantik geschichtlicher Zeiten (pp. 349-375). Fráncfort, Alemania: Suhrkamp Verlag.Mandeville, B. (1983). La fábula de las abejas. Ciudad de México, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Maquiavelo, N. (2015). Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Livio. Madrid, España: Alianza.McPherson, C.B. (1962). The political theory of possessive individualism: Hobbes to Locke. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: Oxford University Press.

Proximate analysis of Dioscorea hispida tubers, collected from five locations around Leuser ecosystem in Aceh Province, showed variations amongst samples. Standard AOAC method for proximate analysis of the fresh weight showed that the water content varied between 15.8 - 37.8%, crude protein 1.13 -6.20%, crude lipid 1.99 - 9.36% and ash 0.29 - 1.24%. The total carbohydrate was high, i.e. between 58.3 -71.9%. The main mineral was phosphorus, with a value of 11.7 - 46.9 mg/100g. These variations could be due to soil, climate and weather factors, as well as postharvest handling. Phytochemical tests showed that all of the samples contained alkaloids and terpenoids. One of the samples (LP) also contained phenol and steroid. The high cyanide content in the tubers (379 - 739 ppm) was easily removed by repeated washing. The cyanide level dropped significantly after the 3rd wash. Information on nutritional content in D. hispida is essential for planning its utilization. Increasing the economic value of D. hispida is expected to attract people around the Leuser ecosystem to cultivate and utilize it, thereby reducing illegal forest encroachment.Keywords: Dioscorea hispida, proximate, Leuser, janeng, gadung, starchREFERENCESBarton H 2014 Yams: Origins and Development, Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, p 7943-7947, (Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2193).Obidiegwu J E and Akpabio E M 2017 The Geography of Yam Cultivation in Southern Nigeria: Exploring Its Social Meanings and Cultural Functions J. Ethnic Foods 4 28-35.Chandrasekara A and Kumar T J 2016 Roots and Tuber Crops as Functional Foods: A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Their Potential Health Benefits Intl. J. Food Sci. 2016 1-15.Kumar S, Das G, Shin H-S and Patra J K 2017 Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve India Front. Pharmacol. 8 52.Lin J Y, Lu S, Liou Y L and Liou H L 2006a Antioxidant and Hypolipidaemic Effects of a Novel Yam–boxthorn Noodle in an In Vivo Murine Model Food Chem. 94 377–384.Lin J Y, Lu S, Liou Y L and Liou H L, 2006b, Increased IgA and IgG Serum Levels Using a Novel Yam–boxthorn Noodle in a BALB/c Mouse Model Food Chem. Toxicol. 44 170–178.Bhandari M R and Kawabata J 2004 Organic Acid, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Food Chem. 88 163–168.Lin J T and Yang D J 2008 Determination of Steroidal Saponins in Different Organs of Yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) Food Chem. 108 1068–1074.AOAC 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. Washington DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Harborne J B 1984 Phytochemical Method 2nd ed. (London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.)Bhandari M R, Kasai T and Kawabata J 2003 Nutritional Evaluation of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Food Chem. 82 619–623.Adepoju O T, Boyejo O and Adeniji P O 2017 Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Yellow Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) Products Data in Brief 11 428–431.Wu Z-G, Jiang W, Nitin M, Bao X-Q, Chen S-L and Tao Z-M 2016 Characterizing Diversity Based on Nutritional and Bioactive Compositions of Yam Germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) Commonly Cultivated in China J. Food Drug Anal. 24 367 – 375.Udensi E A, Osebele H O and Iweala O O 2008 The Investigation of Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata): Effect of Varietal Differences Pakistan J. Nutrition 7(2) 342-344.Hornick S B 1992 Factors Affecting the Nutritional Quality of Crops Am. J. Altern. Agric. 7 (Special Issue on Soil Quality) 63-68.Lewicki P P 2004 Water as the Determinant of Food Engineering Properties, A Review J. Food Eng. 61 483–495Yeh A-I, Chan T-Y and Chuang G C-C 2009 Effect of Water Content and Mucilage on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Yam (Discorea alata Purpurea) Starch J. Food Eng. 95 106–114.McPherson E and Jane J 1999 Comparison of Waxy Potato with Other Root And Tuber Starches Carbohydr. Polym. 40 57–70.Freitas R A, Paula R C, Feitosa J P A, Rocha S and Sierakowski M R 2004 Amylose Contents, Rheological Properties and Gelatinization Kinetics of Yam (Dioscorea alata) and cassava (Manihot utilissima) starches Carbohydr. Polym. 55 3–8.Barsby T L, Donald A M, Frazier P J, Donald A M, Perry P A and Waigh T A 2001 The Impact of Internal Granule Structure on Processing and Properties in Starch: Advances in Structure and Function p 45-52 (Royal Society of Chemistry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551917-00045)Tattiyakul J, Naksriarporn T and Pradipasena P 2012 X-ray Diffraction Pattern and Functional Properties of Dioscorea hispida Dennst Starch Hydrothermally Modified at Different Temperatures Food Bioproc. Technol. 5 964–971.Savikin-Fodulovic K, Grubisic D, Culafic L, Menkovic N and Ristic M 1998 Diosgenin and Phytosterols Content in Five Callus Lines of Dioscorea balcanica Plant Sci. 135 63–67.Cushnie T. P. T, Cushnie B and Lamb A J 2014 Alkaloids: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Antibiotic-enhancing and Antivirulence Activities Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 44 (5) 377-386.Tholl D 2015 Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Terpenoids in Plants, Biotechnology of Isoprenoids p 63-106 Part of the Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology book series (ABE, volume 148).Nagata K, Aistrup G L, Honda H, Shono T and Narahashi T 1999 Modulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Dioscorine in Clonal Rat Phaeochlomocytoma (PC12) Cells Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 64 (3) 157–165.Bhandari M R and Kawabata J 2005 Bitterness and Toxicity in Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 60 129–135, 2005.White W L B , Arias-Garzon D I, McMahon J M and Sayre R 1998 Cyanogenesis in Cassava: The Role of Hydroxynitrile Lyase in Root Cyanide Production Plant Physiol. 116 1219-25.Kumoro A C and Hartati I. 2015 Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dioscorin from Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour, Procedia Chem. 14 47 – 55.

Phototrophic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium (= zooxanthellae) are well known as symbionts of corals. They play an important role in maintaining the healthy as well as establishment of new reefs. In addition, products such as toxins or pigments from these symbiotic microalgae are potentially important for applications in the biomedical sciences, especially in new drug development. In this study, we isolated successfully a symbiotic microalga from soft coral Sinularia sp. which was collected in Cu Lao Cham coastal waters of Quang Nam province. Based on morphological characteristics and 18S rRNA gene sequences, isolated SHM8 strain was identified as Symbiodinium goreaui. This symbiont was cultured in different media such as ASP-A8, F2, ES, IMK, K, and L1. L1 culture medium supplemented with taurine concentration of 4.88 mM led to the cell density of SHM8 strain increased in 50% compared to control on day 2 in cultivation; amino acid mixture enhanced cell density by 31.7% on day 5 in cultivation. Supplementation of carbon source (bicarbonate salt of 16.8 g/L) and nitrogen source (nitrate salt of 0.055 g/L) enhanced the cell density by 40% and 27%, respectively on day 6 in culture. Obtained results in this study proved that this microalga can live independently without host. Successful isolation and cultivation of Symbiodinium microalga are one of the necessary conditions for promising researches on the natural bioactive substances from this microalgal biomass in the future in Vietnam. Citation: Dang Diem Hong, Pham Van Nhat, Hoang Thi Huong Quynh, Luu Thi Tam, Ngo Thi Hoai Thu, Nguyen Cam Ha, Hoang Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen Hoai Nam, Nguyen Thi Minh Hang, Chau Van Minh, 2017. Study on biocharacteristics of Symbiodinium sp. isolated from soft coral in coastal water of Quang Nam, south central Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 367-375. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.10112. *Corresponding author: ddhong60vn@yahoo.com Received 19 June 2017, accepted 20 August 2017

Para realizar las evaluaciones de los modelos y métodos ergonómicos y saber cuál o cuáles aplicar son las interrogantes más comunes, por lo cual la presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar distintos modelos y métodos para conocer los factores claves de mejoras en los puestos de trabajo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica siendo desde el punto de vista metodológico un estudio de carácter descriptivo. Se determinó que los métodos aplicados evalúan los esfuerzos en función de las posturas que determinan los trastornos musculo-esqueléticos de manera general indicando solamente los niveles de riesgos sin considerar acciones de cambio, y en cuanto a los modelos, estos se enfocan hacia la seguridad, la calidad y la productividad laboral para incrementar la efectividad de las mejoras. Finalmente, se presenta un modelo holístico que sintetiza las variables claves para evaluaciones y acciones de mejora en el sector básico de la industria del aluminio primario. Palabras Clave: Evaluación, Métodos Ergonómicos, Puestos de Trabajo, Trastornos Musculo-Esqueléticos. Referencias [1]Spanish Ergonomics Association, «AEE,» 2019. [En línea]. Available: http://ergonomos.es/ergonomia.php#:~:-text=According to the Spanish Association of, effectiveness%2C safety and well-being. [2]J. A. Diego-Mas, «Ergonautas. Universidad Politécnica de Valencia,» 2015. [En línea]. Available: https://www.ergonautas. upv.es/metodos/reba/reba-ayuda.php. [3]Organización Mundial de la Salud, «Organización Mundial de la Salud,» 08 Febrero 2021. [En línea]. Available: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions. [4]M. García Gómez y R. Castañeda López, «Enfermedades Declaradas en Hombres y Mujeres en España en 2004.,» Revista Española de Salud Pública, nº 4, pp. 361-375, 2006. [5]Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo (INSHT), «Posturas de trabajo: evaluación del riesgo,» España, 2015. [6]CENEA, «CENEA La ergonomía laboral del s.XXI,» 30 Octubre 2020. [En línea]. Available: https://www.cenea.eu/metodo-evaluacion-ergonomica-rula-conoces-los-riesgos-de-una-incorrecta-aplicacion/. [7]Osalan. Instituto Vasco de Seguridad y Salud Laborales, «Análisis bibliográfico y comparación de metodologías existentes a nivel internacional,» 2012. [8]S. Nogareda Cuixart y I. Dalmau Pons, «NTP 452: Evaluación de las condiciones de trabajo: carga postural,» Madrid, 1995. [9]B. M. Olvera Morán y M. I. Samaniego Zamora, «El desarrollo ergonómico a través de posturas forzadas en trabajo rutinario,» Polo del Conocimiento, vol. 5, nº 9, 2020. [10]Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, «Ergonautas,» 2015. [En línea]. Available: https://www.ergonautas.upv.es/metodos-evaluacion-ergonomica.html. [11]M. C. Barba Morán , Campos de Aplicación de la Pericial Ergonómica, Madrid: Tébar S.L., 2007. [12]M. G. Obregón Sánchez, Métodos Ergonómicos, México: Grupo Editorial Patria, 2016. [13]I. Sánchez Barragán, «Prevencionar,» 30 Noviembre 2017. [En línea]. Available: https://prevencionar.com/2017/11/30/evaluacion-la-carga-fisica-postural-owas-rula-reba/#:~:text=Los%20m%C3%A9todos%20OWAS%2C%20RULA%20y,evaluar%20la%20carga%20f%C3%ADsica%20postural.&text=La%20evaluaci%-C3%B3n%20de%20esos%20factores,m%C3%A9todo%20OCRA%20(m. [14]N. Stanton, A. Hedge, K. Brookhuis, E. Salas y H. Hendrick, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Florida: RC PRESS, 2004. [15]M. C. Escalante, M. Nuñez Bottini y H. Izquierdo Ojeda, «Evaluación ergonómica en la producción. Caso de estudio: Sector Aluminio, Estado Bolívar. Venezuela,» Actualidad y Nuevas Tendencias, vol. VI, nº 21, pp. 73-90, 2018. [16]S. Asensio Cuesta, J. Bastante Ceca y J. A. Diego Más, Métodos de Evaluación Ergonómica Para el Análisis Postural, Madrid: Paraninfo, 2012. [17]A. Anaya Velasco, «Modelo de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo con Gestión Integral para la Sustentabilidad de las organizaciones (SSeTGIS),» Ciencia & trabajo, vol. 19, nº 59, 2017. [18]Y. Rodríguez Ruíz, E. Pérez Mergarejo y R. Montero Martinez, «Modelo de Madurez de Ergonomía para Empresas (MMEE),» El Hombre y la Máquina, nº 40, pp. 22-30, 2012. [19]H. Kalkis y Z. Roja, «Modelo estratégico para la implementación de la ergonomía en la gestión de operaciones,» Revista de Ergonomía, vol. 6, 01 Enero 2016. [20]W. Rostykus y R. Barker, «EHSToday,» 04 Mayo 2018. [En línea]. Available: https://www.ehstoday.com/health/article/21919619/iso-45001-a-model-for-managing-workplace-ergonomics. [21]F. G. Arias, El Proyecto de Investigación, Sexta ed., Caracas: Episteme, 2016. [22]J. B. Dominguez Granda, Manual de Metodología de la Investigación Científica, Tercera ed., Chimbote: Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, 2015.

Работа посвящена обобщению результатов исследования анодирования алюминида титана (γ-TiAl) во фторсодержащих электролитах. Установлены оптимальные условия анодирования, приводящие к формированию самоорганизованных нанопористых анодных оксидных пленок (АОП) на поверхности образцов, сплава Ti-40 wt. % Al. Показано, что при оптимальных условиях образуются рентгеноаморфные оксидные пленки гетерогенного состава (Al2O3:TiO2 @ 1:1) с размерами пор в диапазоне от 40 до 80 nm. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности применения анодного наноструктурирования порошков Ti-40 wt. % Al для получения фотокаталитически активных материалов с расширенным до видимого света спектральным диапазоном поглощения. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Wang Y., Ma X., Li H., Yin S., Sato T. Advanced Catalytic materials - Photocatalysis and Other Current Trends, 2016, vol. 12, pp. 337–357. https://doi.org/10.5772/61864 Hashimoto K., Irie H., Fujishima A. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 8269–8285. https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.8269 Uddin Md.T., Engg M. Sc. Dr. Rer. Nat. Technical University of Darmstadt, 2014, 222 p. URL: https://d-nb.info/1061050335/04 (accessed 28.11.2018) Batzill M. Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, vol. 4, pp. 3275–3286. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01577j Marschall R. Funct. Mater., 2014. vol. 24. pp. 2421–2440. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201303214 Ghicov A., Schmuki P. Commun., 2009, pp. 2791–2808. https://doi.org/10.1039/b822726h Li F., Zhao Y., Hao Y., Wang X., Liu R., Zhao D., Chen D. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, vol. 239–240. pp. 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.08.016 Morris S. M., Horton J. A., Jaroniec M. Mesopor. Mater., 2010, vol. 128, pp. 180–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2009.08.018 Ahmed M. A., Abdel-Messih M. F. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, vol. 509, pp. 2154–2159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.10.172 Pakmehr M., Nourmohammadi A., Ghashang M., Saffar-Teluri A. Journal of Particle Science and Technology, 2015, pp. 31–38. https://doi.org/22104/JPST.2015.76 Pei J., Ma W., Li R., Li Y., Du H. Journal of Chemistry, 2015, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/806568 Il'in, A. A., Kolachev, B. A., Pol'kin, I. S. Titanovye splavy. sostav, struktura, svoistva [Titanium alloys. Composition, structure, properties]. Moscow, VILS-MATI Publ., 2009, 520 p. (in Russ.) Tsuchiya, H., Berger, S., Macak, J.M., Ghicov, A., Schmuki, P. Comm., 2007, vol. 9, pp. 2397–2402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2007.07.013 Berger, S., Tsuchiya, H., Schmuki, P. Mater., 2008, vol. 20, pp. 3245–3247. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm8004024 Stepanova K. V., Yakovleva N. M., Kokatev A. N., Pettersson Kh. zap. PetrGU. Seriya Estestvennye i tekhnicheskie nauki, 2015, vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 81–86. (in Russ.) Stepanova К. V., Yakovleva N. M., Kokatev А. N., Pettersson H. Journal of Surface Investigation. X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques, 2016, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 933– https://doi.org/10.1134/S102745101605013X Stepanova K. V. Diss. kand. tekh. nauk. Petrozavodsk, 2016, 162 p. (in Russ.) Yakovleva N. M., Kokatev A. N., Chupakhina E. A., Stepanova K. V., Yakovlev A. N., Vasil'ev S. G., Shul'ga A. M. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 6− URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_1_2016_001.pdf (in Russ.) Kokatev A. N. Diss. kand. tekh. nauk. Petrozavodsk, 2013, 170 p. Savchenko O. I., Yakovleva N. M., Yakovlev A. N., Kokatev A. N., Pettersson Kh. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2012, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 243–249. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_14_2_2012_018.pdf (in Russ.) Canulescu S., Rechendorff K., Borca C.N., Jones N.C., Bordo K., Schou J., Pleth Nielsen L., Hoffmann S. V., Ambat R. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, vol. 104, pp. 121910(1–4). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4866901 Chen C., Liu J., Liu P., Yu B. Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science, 2011, vol. 1, pp. 9– https://doi.org/10.4236/aces.2011.11002 Rashed M. N., El-Amin A. A. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2007, vol. 2 (3), pp. 073–081. URL: http://www.academicjournals.org/IJPS (accessed 28.11.2018) Ivanov V. M., Tsepkov M. G., Figurovskaya V. N. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Khimiya [Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin], 2010, vol. 65, 6, pp. 370-373. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3103%2FS0027131410060076 Scuderi V., Impellizzeri G., Romano L., Scuderi M., Nicotra G., Bergum K., Irrera A., Svensson B.G., Privitera V. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2014, vol. 9, pp. 458–464. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276x-9-458 AbdElmoula M. Dr. Philosophy. Boston, 2011, 275 р. Lee K., Mazare A., Schmuki P. Rev., 2014, vol. 114, pp. 9385–9454. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500061m Leyens C., Peters M. Titanium and Titanium Alloys. Fundamentals and Applications. Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2003, 532 p.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable stability and are key regulators of mRNA transcripts for several essential proteins required for the survival of cells and replication of the virus. Exosomes are thought to play an essential role in intercellular communications by transporting proteins and miRNAs, making them ideal in the search for biomarkers. Evidence suggests that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of influenza virus replication in many cell types. During the 2016 and 2017 influenza season, we collected blood samples from 54 patients infected with influenza and from 30 healthy volunteers to identify the potential role of circulating serum miRNAs and cytokines in influenza infection. Data comparing the exosomal miRNAs in patients with influenza B to healthy volunteers showed 76 miRNAs that were differentially expressed (p < 0.05). In contrast, 26 miRNAs were differentially expressed between patients with influenza A (p < 0.05) and the controls. Of these miRNAs, 11 were commonly expressed in both the influenza A and B patients. Interferon (IFN)-inducing protein 10 (IP-10), which is involved in IFN synthesis during influenza infection, showed the highest level of expression in both influenza A and B patients. Influenza A patients showed increased expression of IFNα, GM-CSF, interleukin (IL)-13, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, while influenza B induced increased levels of EGF, G-CSF, IL-1α, MIP-1α, and TNF-β. In addition, hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-15b-5p, hsa-miR-885, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, and hsa-miR-150-5p showed high correlations to IL-6, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) with both strains of influenza. Next-generation sequencing studies of H1N1-infected human lung small airway epithelial cells also showed similar pattern of expression of miR-375-5p, miR-143-3p, 199a-3p, and miR-199a-5p compared to influenza A patients. In summary, this study provides insights into the miRNA profiling in both influenza A and B virus in circulation and a novel approach to identify the early infections through a combination of cytokines and miRNA expression.

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) will perform the crucial role of energy conversion when society shifts towards the hydrogen economy. However, to perform the the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) efficiently, a finely dispersed platinum catalyst on a carbon black support is generally utilised. Platinum is an expensive critical raw material (CRM) and is thus susceptible to future shocks, such as bottlenecks in supply or volatile prices. As such it is imperative to investigate alternative platinum-free electrocatalysts. Over the past decade we have developed platinum-free Fe-N-C electrocatalysts with unique properties and microstructure. The basis for our catalysts is a nitrogen-doped carbon foam, which is obtained by thermal decomposition of metal alkoxides. The materials are exceptional in this field due to their unusually large macropores which aid gas diffusion, the very large surface area due to high microporosity, and the fact that the nitrogen content can be systematically varied. Using these electrocatalysts we have with achieved high activity and excellent durability in both acid and alkaline media. One of the advantages of this materials system is that it can be applied as a model catalyst to independently study the effect of different parameters on the catalytic activity. As such we have made important insights into the synthesis mechanisms of Fe-N-C electrocatalysts using techniques such as in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Furthermore, whilst most research into platinum-free catalysts focusses on iron-containing materials, iron is known to cause degradation in the microporous layer and membrane due to the generation of peroxide-related radicals. As such, a new generation of Me-N-C electrocatalysts are being developed, in which Fe is replaced with e.g., Co or Sn. Here we will discuss the performance of these interesting new Fe-free electrocatalysts. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19H02558. 1. Mufundirwa, M. Ismail, G. F. Harrington, B. Smid, K. Sasaki, M. Pourkashanian, A. Hayashi, S. M. Lyth, Nanotechnology 31 (22), 225401 (2020) 2. Mufundirwa, B. Smid, G. Harrington, B. V. Cunning, K. Sasaki, and S. M. Lyth, Journal of Power Sources, 375, 244-254 (2018) 3. Zitolo, N. Ranjbar-Sahraie, T. Mineva, J. Li, Q. Jia, S. Stamatin, P. Krtil, S. M. Lyth, G. Harrington, S. Mukerjee, E. Fonda, F. Jaouen, Nature Communications, 8, 959 (2017) 4. Liu, T. Daio, A. Mufundirwa, B. Cunning, K. Sasaki, S. M. Lyth, Electrochimica Acta, 220, 554-561 (2016) 5. Liu, S. Yu, T. Daio, M. Ismail, K. Sasaki, and S. M. Lyth, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163 (9), F1049-F1054 (2016) 6. Liu, T. Daio, K. Sasaki, S. M. Lyth, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161 (9), F838-F844 (2014) 7. Liu, T. Daio, D. Orejon, K. Sasaki, S. M. Lyth, Journal of the Electrochemical Society 161 (4), F544-F550 (2014) 8. S. M. Lyth*, Y. Nabae, N. M. Islam, T. Hayakawa, S. Kuroki, M. Kakimoto, S. Miyata, eJournal of Surface Science and Nanotechnology, 10, 29-32 (2012)

Abstract Purpose Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is widely used as a part of induction treatment for transplantation-eligible patients with multiple myeloma. For successful ASCT, mobilizing hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood is essential because collecting a sufficient number of stem cells using apheresis is mandatory. As a method for mobilization, chemomobilization consisting of high-dose chemotherapy plus granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) or G-CSF alone (G-mobilization) has been used. However, the mobilization failure still remains a problematic issue. Given repeated mobilization attempts increase medical costs and the risk of morbidity related with apheresis, the mobilization process should be efficient. Chemomobilization is more effective than G-mobilization, however, chemomobilization has the risk of complication such as febrile neutropenia or chemotherapy-induced second malignancy. Thus, we compared the efficacy and safety of our new chemomobilization regimen, one-day low-dose etoposide with that of two-day low-dose etoposide, one-day high-dose cyclophosphamide, and G-mobilization. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 234 patients who underwent ASCT for MM between 2008 and 2018 in four tertiary hospitals in Korea. One-day low-dose etoposide regimen (E1) was the intravenous (IV) administration of etoposide (375 mg/m2) over 4 hours whereas two-day low-dose etoposide (E2) was the same dose of etoposide on 1st and 2nd day in outpatient clinic. G-CSF administration was started around on 10th day until the end of collection. In G-mobilization regimen (G), the injection of G-CSF was started four days (day -4) before initiation of apheresis (day 0), and G-CSF once a day was maintained untill the end of collection. One-day high-dose cyclophosphamide regimen (C) was the IV administration of cyclophosphamide (3.5 g/m2) on 1st day and the daily injection of G-CSF from 2nd day until the end of stem cell collection. Peripheral blood stem cell collection was started when CD34-positive cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells were more than 5000/μL in peripheral blood, or white blood cell count was more than 5000/μL. In this study, we defined the 'adequate mobilization' as CD34-positive cells more than 4ⅹ106/kg, and 'mobilization failure' as a collected CD34-positive cells less than 2ⅹ106/kg. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment was defined as more than 500/μL and 20,000/μL on consecutive two days, respectively. Results 31 patients received single dose etoposide (E1) between 2016 and 2018 whereas 28 patients received double dose etoposide (E2) between 2011 and 2018. The other two regimens were used in 105 (C, 2008-2015) and 70 patients (G, 2008-2017) according to physicians' decision. The comparison of four regimens showed the median CD34-positive cells of E1 regimen was 5.57ⅹ106/kg that was comparable to that of E2 and C (Table 1). The number of CD34-positive cells on 1st day of apheresis was 4.03ⅹ106/kg in E1 regimen, and it was higher than that of C and G (3.32 and 1.79ⅹ106/kg, respectively). As a result, E1 regimen achieved 'adequate mobilization' in 100% of patients (n=30) like E2 regimen (n=28, 100%). Mobilization failure did not occur in E1 and E2 regimens whereas 4-10% of patients experienced mobilization failure in C and G regimens (Table 1). All patients receiving E1 and E2 regimen but one patient in E1 could collect more than 4ⅹ106/kg of CD34-positive cells within three cycles of apheresis. The occurrence of febrile neutropenia was extremely lower in E1 regimen (7%) than E2 and C regimens (43% and 34%, respectively, p<0.001). Both neutrophil and platelet engraftment were the fastest in E1 (the median 9 days after ASCT, p<0.001). Conclusions One-day low-dose etoposide administration could be effective for chemomobilization in myeloma patients with reduced risk of complication compared to two-day low-dose etoposide, high-dose cyclophosphamide and G-mobilization. Table 1. Table 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

There are multiple ergonomic models and methods to perform ergonomic evaluations. However, knowing which ones to apply are the most common questions, so this research aims to evaluate different models and methods to know the key factors for improvement in the workplace. An extensive bibliographic review was carried out, being from the methodological point of view of a descriptive study. It was determined that the methods applied to evaluate the efforts in the function of the postures that determine musculoskeletal disorders in a general way, indicating only the risk levels without considering actions for change, and as for the models, these are focused on safety, quality and labor productivity to increase the effectiveness of the improvements. Finally, a holistic model is presented that synthesizes the key variables for evaluations and improvement actions in the basic industrial sector. Keywords: Ergonomic models, ergonomic methods, basic industries, job evaluation. References [1]Asociación Española de Ergonomía, “¿Qué es la ergonomía?” http://ergonomos.es/ergonomia.php#:~:-text=Según la Asociación Española de,la eficacia%2Cseguridad y bienestar. [2]J. A. Diego Mas, “Evaluación Postural Mediante el Método REBA,” Ergonautas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 2015. http://www.ergonautas.upv.es/metodos/reba/reba-ayuda.php. [3]Organización Mundial de la Salud, “Trastornos musculoesqueléticos,” 2021. https://www.who.int/es/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/musculoskeletal-conditions. [4]M. García Gómez and R. Castañeda López, “ENFERMEDADES PROFESIONALES DECLARADAS EN HOMBRES Y MUJERES EN ESPAÑA EN 2004,” Salud Pública, vol. 4, pp. 361–375, 2006, [Online]. Available: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/gl/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/vol80/vol80_4/RS804C_361.pdf. [5]Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo (INSHT), Posturas de trabajo. Madrid. [6]CENEA, “MÉTODO EVALUACIÓN ERGONÓMICA RULA: ¿CONOCES LOS RIESGOS DE UNA INCORRECTA APLICACIÓN?,” Centro de Ergonomía Aplicada. https://www.cenea.eu/metodo-evaluacion-ergonomica-rula-conoces-los-riesgos-de-una-incorrecta-aplicacion/. [7]Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, “NTP 452 : Evaluación de las condiciones de trabajo: carga postural,” Cent. Nac. Condiciones Trab.,1995, [Online]. Available: https://saludlaboralydiscapacidad.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/NTP-452-Evaluación-de-las-condiciones-de-trabajo-Carga-postural.pdf. [8]F. G. Arias, El Proyecto de Investigación. Introducción a la metodología científica, 6a. Caracas. Venezuela: Episteme, 2012. [9]R. Pino Gotuzzo, Metodología de la Investigación. Elaboración de diseños para contrastar hipótesis. Perú: San Marcos, 2018. [10]Ergonautas, “Métodos de evaluación de la ergonomía de puestos de trabajo,” Ergonautas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. https://www.ergonautas.upv.es/metodos-evaluacion-ergonomica.html. [11]M. C. Barba Morán, El dictamen pericial en ergonomía y psicosociología aplicada. Madrid: Tébar, 2007. [12]M. G. Obregón Sánchez, Fundamentos de Ergonomía, Primera. México: Patria, 2016. [13]I. Sánchez Barragán, “Prevencionar.com,” Evaluación de la Carga Física Postural: ¿OWAS, RULA o REBA?, 2017. https://prevencionar.com/2017/11/30/evaluacion-la-carga-fisica-postural-owas-rula-reba. [14]N. Stanton, A. Hedge, K. Brookhuis, E. Salas, and H. Hendrick, Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics Methods © 2005. United States of America: CRCPRESS, 2005. [15]M. Escalante and M. (+) Núñez Bottini, “Evaluaciónergonómica en la producción. Caso de estudio:Sector Aluminio, Estado Bolívar. Venezuela,” Ing. Ind.Actual. y Nuevas Tendencias, vol. VI, No 21, no. 2610–7813, pp. 73–90, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://servicio.bc.uc.edu.ve/ingenieria/revista/Inge-Industrial/index.htm. [16]S. Asensio Cuesta, J. Bastante Ceca, and J. A. Diego Más, Evaluación Ergonómica de Puestos de Trabajo. Madrid: Paraninfo, 2012. [17]A. Anaya-velasco, “Modelo de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo con Gestión Integral para la Sustentabilidad de las organizaciones ( SSeTGIS ),” Cienc.Trab., vol. 59, pp. 95–104, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/cyt/v19n59/0718-2449-cyt-19-59-00095.pdf. [18]Y. Rodríguez Ruíz, E. Pérez Mergarejo, and R. Montero Martínez, “Modelo de Madurez de Ergonomía para Empresas ( MMEE ),” El Hombre y la Máquina,vol. 40, 2012, [Online]. Available: https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/478/47826850003.pdf. [19]H. Kalkis and Z. Roja, “Strategic Model for Ergonomics Implementation in Operations Management,” J. Ergon., vol. 6, no. 4, 2016. doi: 10.4172/2165-7556.1000173. [20]W. Rostykus and R. Barker, “ISO 45001: un modelo para la gestión de la ergonomía en el lugar de trabajo,” EHSToday, 2018. https://www.ehstoday.com/health/article/21919619/iso-45001-a-model-for-managing-workplace-ergonomics. [21]M. García-garcía, A. Sánchez-lite, A. M. Camacho, and R. Domingo, “Análisis de métodos de valoración postural en las herramientas de simulación virtual para la ingeniería de fabricación.,” DYNA, vol. 80, pp. 5–15, 2013, [Online]. Available: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49628728001.

Although both Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) and grammatical gender acquisition have been the focus of scientific interest for decades, a few research has been conducted in order to explore how DLD Russian-speaking children acquire this linguistic category. One of the main reasons for this is the difficulty of recruiting DLD children as we still cannot reliably identify these children. Previous studies claim that typically developing children acquire grammatical gender at about 3-4 years of age, but have difficulties with neuter gender up to 6 years of age. This brief report aims at providing the theoretical background of a research in process. The review deals with the issue of grammatical gender acquisition by Russian-speaking children diagnosed with DLD. Specifically, this paper reviews i) the main findings of studies on gender acquisition in typically developing Russian-speaking children, ii) the outcomes of research on how Russian-speaking DLD children make use of grammatical gender. References Anderson, R.T. & Souto, S.M. (2005). The use of articles by monolingual Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26(4), 621-647. Bedore, L. M., & Leonard, L. B. (2001). Grammatical morphology deficits in Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(4), 905–924 Bishop, D.V.M., Snowling M.J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh Y., & The CATALISE Consortium. (2017): Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1-26. Clahsen, H., Bartke, S. & Göllner S. (1997). Formal features in impaired grammars: A Com­parison of English and German SLI children. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 10(2/3), 151-171. Corbett, G. G. (1991). Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Гвоздев, А.Н. (1961). Формирование у ребенка грамматического строя русского языка. Москва: АПН РСФСР. Jackson-Maldonado, D. & Maldonado, R. (2017). Grammaticality differences between Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment and their typically developing peers. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 52(6), 750-765. Leonard, Laurence B. (2014). Children with Specific Language Impairment. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Mitrofanova, N., Rodina, Y., Urek, O. & Westergaard, M. (2018). Bilinguals’ Sensitivity to Grammatical Gender Cues in Russian: The Role of Cumulative Input, Proficiency, and Dominance. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01894 Orgassa, A., & Weerman, F. (2008). Dutch gender in specific language impairment and second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 24(3), 333–364. Popova, M. I. (1973). Grammatical elements of language in the speech of pre-preschool children. In Studies of child language development, (pp. 269–80). C. A. Ferguson & D. I. Slobin (eds). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Rakhlin, N., Kornilov, S., & Grigorenko, E. (2014). Gender and agreement processing in children with Developmental Language Disorder. Journal of Child Language, 41(2), 241–274. Rodina, Y. (2008). Semantics and morphology: The acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian. Doctoral thesis. Tromso: University of Tromso. Retrieved from: https://munin.uit.no/handle/ 10037/2247. Rodina, Y. & Westeergard M. (2012). A cue-based approach to the acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian. Journal of Child Language, 39(5), 1077-1106. Roulet-Amiot, L., & Jacubowicz, C. (2006). Production and perception of gender agreement in French SLI. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 8(4), 335–346. Silveira, M. (2006). A preliminary investigation of grammatical gender abilities in Portuguese speaking children with Specific Language Impairment. Unpublished working paper, University College London, Department of Phonetics and Linguistics. Retrieved from: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ psychlangsci/research/linguistics/publications/wpl/06papers/silveira Tribushinina, E., & Dubinkina, E. (2012). Adjective production by Russian-speaking children with specific language impairment. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 26(6), 554–571. Tribushinina, E., Mak, M., Dubinkina, E. & Mak, W.M. (2018). Adjective production by Russian-speaking children with developmental language disorder and Dutch-Russian simultaneous bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(5), 1033-1064. Цейтлин, С. Н. (2005). Категория рода в детской речи. Проблемы функциональной грамматики: полевые структуры. А.В. Бондаренко (ред.). Санкт-Петербург: Наука, 346-375. Цейтлин, С.Н. (2009). Очерки по словообразованию и формообразованию в детской речи. Москва: Знак. Varlokosta, S. & Nerantzini, M. (2013). Grammatical gender in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence from Determiner-Noun Contexts in Greek. Psychology, 20(3), 338-357. References (translated and transliterated) Anderson, R.T. & Souto, S.M. (2005). The use of articles by monolingual Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment. Applied Psycholinguistics, 26(4), 621-647. Bedore, L. M., & Leonard, L. B. (2001). Grammatical morphology deficits in Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44(4), 905–924 Bishop, D.V.M., Snowling M.J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh Y., & The CATALISE Consortium. (2017): Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology. PLoS ONE, 11(7), 1-26. Clahsen, H., Bartke, S. & Göllner S. (1997). Formal features in impaired grammars: A Com­parison of English and German SLI children. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 10(2/3), 151-171. Corbett, G. G. (1991). Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Гвоздев, А.Н. (1961). Формирование у ребенка грамматического строя русского языка. Москва: АПН РСФСР. Gvozdev, A. N. (1961). Formirovanie u Rebenka Grammatičeskogo Stroja Russkogo Jazyka [The Construction of the Grammatical Basis of the Russian Language in a Child]. Moscow: The Russian Academy of Pedagogical Sciences. Jackson-Maldonado, D. & Maldonado, R. (2017). Grammaticality differences between Spanish-speaking children with specific language impairment and their typically developing peers. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 52(6), 750-765. Leonard, Laurence B. (2014). Children with Specific Language Impairment. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Mitrofanova, N., Rodina, Y., Urek, O. & Westergaard, M. (2018). Bilinguals’ Sensitivity to Grammatical Gender Cues in Russian: The Role of Cumulative Input, Proficiency, and Dominance. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01894 Orgassa, A., & Weerman, F. (2008). Dutch gender in specific language impairment and second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 24(3), 333–364. Popova, M. I. (1973). Grammatical elements of language in the speech of pre-preschool children. In Studies of child language development, (pp. 269–80). C. A. Ferguson & D. I. Slobin (eds). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Rakhlin, N., Kornilov, S., & Grigorenko, E. (2014). Gender and agreement processing in children with Developmental Language Disorder. Journal of Child Language, 41(2), 241–274. Rodina, Y. (2008). Semantics and morphology: The acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian. Doctoral thesis. Tromso: University of Tromso. Retrieved from: https://munin.uit.no/handle/ 10037/2247. Rodina, Y. & Westeergard M. (2012). A cue-based approach to the acquisition of grammatical gender in Russian. Journal of Child Language, 39(5), 1077-1106. Roulet-Amiot, L., & Jacubowicz, C. (2006). Production and perception of gender agreement in French SLI. Advances in Speech Language Pathology, 8(4), 335–346. Silveira, M. (2006). A preliminary investigation of grammatical gender abilities in Portuguese speaking children with Specific Language Impairment. Unpublished working paper, University College London, Department of Phonetics and Linguistics. Retrieved from: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ psychlangsci/research/linguistics/publications/wpl/06papers/silveira Tribushinina, E., & Dubinkina, E. (2012). Adjective production by Russian-speaking children with specific language impairment. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 26(6), 554–571. Tribushinina, E., Mak, M., Dubinkina, E. & Mak, W.M. (2018). Adjective production by Russian-speaking children with developmental language disorder and Dutch-Russian simultaneous bilinguals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 39(5), 1033-1064. Цейтлин, С. Н. (2005). Категория рода в детской речи. Проблемы функциональной грамматики: полевые структуры. А.В. Бондаренко (ред.). Санкт-Петербург: Наука, 346-375. Ceitlin, S. N. (2005). Kategorija roda v detskoj reči [The category of gender in child speech]. In Problemy funkcional'noj grammatiki: Polevye struktury [Issues in functional grammar: Field structures], (pp. 346–375). A. V. Bondarko (ed.). S.-Petersburg: Nauka. Цейтлин, С.Н. (2009). Очерки по словообразованию и формообразованию в детской речи. Москва: Знак. Ceitlin, S. N. (2009). Ocherki po slovoobrazovaniju i formoobrazovaniju v detskoj rechi [On Inflection and Derivation in Child Language]. Moscow: Znak. Varlokosta, S. & Nerantzini, M. (2013). Grammatical gender in Specific Language Impairment: Evidence from Determiner-Noun Contexts in Greek. Psychology, 20(3), 338-357.

Given the emerging health benefits of regular legume consumption, we hypothesized that the historically low legume consumption levels in US adults increased. We evaluated legume consumption patterns in US adults using cross-sectional data from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) and a 2017 cross-sectional, online survey of Oregon families named “Beans, Lentils, Peas (BLP) Survey”. We also compared legume consumption patterns between consumers below US dietary recommendations for mature legumes (<37.5 g/day, marginal), below levels showing nutritional and disease-prevention benefits (37.5–87.49 g/day, recommended); and levels demonstrating nutritional and disease prevention benefits (≥87.5 g/day; beneficial). In NHANES, legume consumption remained low in US adults and declined from 2011 to 2014 (mature legumes: 12.8 to 8.3%; dry beans: 10.0 to 6.5%). In BLP, less than 5% consumed legumes daily; approximately one-third did not consume legumes during the last month. Marginal mature-legume consumers ate a limited variety of legumes (dry beans and green legumes on a weekly to monthly basis). Beneficial amount consumers ate mature legumes daily or every other day and included chickpeas, lentils and dry peas to their legume mix. Our data suggest that legume consumption declined in US adults, warranting improved communication about the benefits of regular legume consumption.

Data on biology, ecology and fishery of asiatic smelt in the Uda River during its spawning migration are analyzed. The spawning begins in May-June in 2–11 km from the river mouth and lasts 3–10 days. Timing of its start varies from May 22 (2014 and 2018) to June 14 (2001), with 24 days difference. The spawning migration begins under the water temperature 6.0 оС, during the spawning the temperature varies from 6.2 to 11.9 оС. The river flow velocity on the spawning grounds is 1.2–2.6 m/s, the river depth varies from 0.3 to 2.5 m. Age of the spawners is 2–8 years, their length is 11.5–32.0 cm and weight 10.8–275.0 g, males usually prevail in number (63–81 %). Depending on the year-class strength, the fish in age of 3 or 4 years prevail among the spawners. After spawning, females leave the spawning grounds immediately — in that time their occurrence in the catches below the spawning grounds can reach 85 %. Size of the spawners decreases during the migration, for males the decreasing was from 19.0 to 15.0 cm in 2007, from 20.2 to 18.8 cm in 2014, from 19.3 to 16.6 cm in 2015, and from 19.4 to 16.0 cm in 2016, for females — from 21.0 to 18.0 cm in 2007, from 22.1 to 19.6 cm in 2014, from 21.3 to 19.0 cm in 2015, and from 24.5 to 16.1 cm in 2016. Annual increments of the smelt body length are 0.7–7.8 cm, on average 3.9 cm, for the body weight 17.1–39.9 g, on average 32.1 g. The minimum registered size of mature male and female was 11.5 and 13.0 cm, respectively. Percentage of the smelt with non-commercial size during spawning migration was 19.2 % in 2007, 0.4 % in 2014, 15.4 % in 2015, and 28.4 % in 2016. The group linear growth of asiatic smelt could be approximated by Bertalanffy equation: L = 30.5 [1 – e–0.317 (t – 0.533)]. Its body length dependence on weight is described by the equation of simple allometry: W = 0.002 L3.380 (determination r 2 = 0.92–0.99). The body weight depends on age as the function: Wt = 2.974t 2.136. Individual absolute fecundity of the smelt in the Uda varies from 11300 to 141300 eggs, on average 52500 eggs in 2016 and 50400 eggs in 2007; these values are close to the smelt fecundity in the Ulbeya and Inya rivers. The fecundity variation generally increases with the age: the registered ranges of absolute fecundity (thousand eggs) were, by age groups: 19.1 for 3 years, 53.5 for 4 years, 37.8 for 5 years, 57.5 for 6 years, and 60.3 for 7 years old fish, the ranges of relative fecundity (eggs/g of body weight) were: 864, 537, 565, 501, and 449 eggs/g for the same age groups. The total population fecundity was 32.7. 109 eggs in 2016. The individual absolute fecundity has the following dependencies on body length, weight, and age: AF(L) = 0.001 L3.437, AF(W) = 0.650 W0.986, and AF(t) = 1.661 t 2.250, respectively. The stock of asiatic smelt in the Uda is represented by migrating fish only. Its fishery was conducted by 8 companies, their total annual landing increased from 10 t in 2012 to 373 t in 2017 and slightly decreased recently: the mean landing for 2013–2019 was 276 t. The spawning biomass of smelt was estimated from 637 to 1734 t, by years, that was about 70 % of the biomass of mature smelt in the Shantar Sea.

Referências 1. Keeling, M. J. & Rohani, P. Modeling infectious diseases in humans and animals. Modeling Infectious Diseases in Humans and Animals (PRINCETON UNIVERSITYPRESS, 2011). 2. Aquilanti, V., Coutinho, N. D. & Carvalho-Silva, V. H. Kinetics of Low-Temperature Transitions and Reaction Rate Theory from Non-Equilibrium Distributions. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London A 375, 20160204 (2017). 3. Carvalho-Silva, V. H., Coutinho, N. D. & Aquilanti, V. Temperature dependence of rate processes beyond Arrhenius and Eyring: Activation and Transitivity. Front. Chem. 7, 380 (2019). 4. Center For Systems Science And Engineering Johns Hopkins University. CSSEGISandData/COVID-19 (2020). Available at: https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19. (Accessed: 30th March 2020) 5. Machado, H. G. et al. “Transitivity”: a code for computing kinetic and related parameters in chemical transformations and transport phenomena. Molecules 24, 3478 (2019). 6. Aquilanti, V., Borges, E. P., Coutinho, N. D., Mundim, K. C. & Carvalho-Silva, V. H. From statistical thermodynamics to molecular kinetics: the change, the chance and the choice. Rend. Lincei. Sci. Fis. e Nat. 28, 787–802 (2018). 7. Arnold, B. C. Pareto and Generalized Pareto Distributions. in Modeling Income Distributions and Lorenz Curves 119–145 (Springer New York, 2008). 8. Tsallis, C. Possible Generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs Statistics. J. Stat. Phys. 52, 479–487 (1988). 9. Jena, A. K. & Chaturvedi, M. C. Phase transformation in materials. (Prentice Hall, 1992). 10. Poccia, N. et al. Evolution and control of oxygen order in a cuprate superconductor. Nat. Mater. 10, 733–736 (2011). 11. Zhao, S., Musa, S. S., Fu, H., He, D. & Qin, J. Simple framework for real-time forecast in a data-limited situation: The Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks in Brazil from 2015 to 2016 as an example. Parasites and Vectors 12, 344 (2019). 12. Subbaraman, N. Coronavirus tests: researchers chase new diagnostics to fight the pandemic. Nature (2020). doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00827-6 13. Balilla, J. Assessment of COVID-19 Mass Testing: The Case of South Korea. SSRN Electron. J. (2020). doi:10.2139/ssrn.3556346 14. Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D. & Hollingsworth, T. D. How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet 395, 931–934 (2020).

The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

Abstract Background Faecal calprotectin (FC) demonstrates an excellent correlation with endoscopic inflammation. In addition, a treatment-decision algorithm for Crohn’s disease (CD) incorporating FC outperforms and improves 12-month mucosal healing compared with a strategy based on symptoms alone. The aim of this study was to determine whether normalisation of FC (&lt;250 μg/g) within 12-months of diagnosis is associated with a reduction in disease progression in CD. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study performed at a tertiary IBD centre. All incident cases of CD diagnosed between 2005 and 2017 were identified. Patients with an FC measurement of &gt;250 μg/g at diagnosis who also had at least 1 follow-up FC measured within the first 12-months of diagnosis and &gt;12 months of follow-up were included. The primary endpoint was a composite of progression in Montreal disease behaviour (B1 to B2/3 or B2 to B3 or new perianal disease), surgery or hospitalisation. Results A total of 375 patients were included with a median follow-up of 5.3 years (IQR 3.1–7.4). Normalisation of FC (&lt;250 μg/g) within 12 months of diagnosis was confirmed in 43.5% (n = 163/375) of the cohort. On multivariable Cox-proportional hazards regression analysis, individuals who normalised their FC within 12 months of diagnosis had a significantly lower risk of composite disease progression (HR 0.351, 95% CI 0.235–0.523, p &lt; 0.001) (Figure 1). Cumulative rates of composite disease progression were 7.8%, 21.4% and 29.9% in those that normalised their FC vs. 22.8%, 50.7% and 60.5% in those that did not at 2, 5 and 7 years after diagnosis, respectively. In addition, normalisation of FC was the only predictor that remained significant for all the separate progression end-points (progression in Montreal behaviour / new perianal disease: HR 0.250, 95% CI 0.122–0.512, p &lt; 0.001; hospitalisation: HR 0.346, 95% CI 0.217–0.553, p &lt; 0.001; surgery: HR 0.370. 95% CI 0.181–0.755, p = 0.006). The strongest predictor of whether an individual normalised their FC within 12 months was the commencement of a biologic within 3 months of diagnosis (OR 4.288, 95% CI 1.585–11.0601, p = 0.004). Conclusion Normalisation of FC by 12-months of diagnosis is associated with a reduced risk of disease progression in CD. Our data provide strong support for implementation of treat-to-target strategies earlier than previously tested in Crohn’s disease. The immediate implication for healthcare providers and patients is that by ensuring resolution of mucosal inflammation - measured by proxy with faecal calprotectin, and regardless of other variables - within 1 year of diagnosis has a dramatic effect on disease course.

Company’s financial health is one of the important factors that must be maintained by the company to maintain the sustainability of its business. The objective of the study is to examine the effect of financial performance and corporate governance on financial health. Financial performance is reflected by three indeps: leverage, liquidity, and profitability. While corporate governance is reflected by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, the proportion of independent commissioners, and the size of audit committee. This study used financial report of listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2013-2017. The data was collected by purposive sampling. This study used logistic regression analysis to examine seven of independent variables on financial health. The result indicate leverage and institutional ownership were significant and negatively affected the company’s financial health. While liquidity and profitability were significant and positively affected the company’s financial health. Almilia, L. S., dan Kristijadi. 2003. Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Memprediksi Kondisi Financial Distress Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta. JAAI, 7(2), 183–210. Bodroastuti, T. 2009. Pengaruh Struktur Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress. Retrieved from Pengaruh Corporate Governance Structure dan Management Agency Cost terhadap Financial Distress Cinantya, I., dan Merkusiwati, N. 2015. Pengaruh Corporate Governance , Financial Indicators , dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Financial Distress. E, 10.3, 897–915. Diakses dari: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/Akuntansi/article/view/10418 Dewi, N. K. U. G., & Dana, M. 2017. Variabel Penentu Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di Bursa Efek Indonesia. E-Jurnal Manajemen Unud, 6(11), 5834–5858. Gottardo P., Moisello A.M. 2019. Family Influence, Leverage and Probability of Financial Distress. In: Capital Structure, Earnings Management, and Risk of Financial Distress. SpringerBriefs in Bussiness. Springer, Cham Gunawijaya, I. N. A. 2015. Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit, Independensi Dewan Komisaris, Reputasi Auditor terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, XIV(27), 111–130. Hanafi, J., & Breliastiti, R. 2016. Peran Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance dalam Mencegah Perusahaan Mengalami Financial Distress. Jurnal Online Insan Akuntan, 1(1), 195–220. Hanifah, O. E., & Purwanto, A. 2013. Pengaruh Struktur Corporate Governance dan Financial Indicators terhadap Kondisi Financial. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 2(2), 1–15. Haq, A. Q., Rikumahu, B., dan Firli, A. 2016. Pengaruh Karakteristik Praktik Corporate Governance terhadap Prediksi Financial Distress. Jurnal Profit, 3(1), 9–20. Harmawan, D. 2013. Pengaruh Karakteristik Komite Audit, Ukuran Dewan, dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Financial Distress. Helena, S., & Saifi, M. 2018. Pengaruh Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress ( Studi pada Perusahaan Transportasi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2016 ). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 60(2), 143–152. Herdinata, C. 2016. Mekanisme Kontrol dan Konflik Keagenan. Diakses dari: http://repository.wima.ac.id/5363/1/ Jantadej, P. 2006. Using the Combinations of Cash Flow Components to Predict Financial Distress. Diakses dari: https://search.proquest.com/docview/305290668 Jumianti, R., Rambe, P. A., dan Ratih, A. E. 2015. Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2011-2014. Mafiroh, A., dan Triyono. 2016. Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Mekanisme Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress ( Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2011-2014. Riset Akuntansi Dan Keuangan Indonesia 1(1): 46–53. Mashady, D., dan Husaini, A. 2014. Pengaruh Working Capital Turnover (WCT), Current Ratio (CR), dan Debt to Total Assets (DTA) Terhadap Return on Investment (ROI). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis, 7(1): 1-10. Maulida, I. S., Moehaditoyo, S. H., dan Nugroho, M. 2018. Analisis Rasio Keuangan untuk Memprediksi Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia 2014-2016. JIABI, 2(1), 179–193. Munawir. 2001. Analisis Laporan Keuangan, Yogyakarta: Liberty. Murhadi, W. 2013. Analisis Laporan Keuangan: Proyeksi dan Valuasi Saham. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Noor, H. 2009. Pengelolaan Keuangan Bisnis dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat. Jakarta: Indeks. Platt, H., dan Platt, M. 2002. Predicting Corporate Financial Distress : Reflections on Choice-Based Sample Bias. Journal of Economic and Finance, 26(2). Pratiwi, et al. 2015. Analisis Mekanisme Good Corporate Governance terhadap Manajemen Laba pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Akuntansi, 1–15. Rahmawati, T. 2016. Pengaruh Kapasitas Operasi, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Komisaris Independen, dan Kepemilikan Publik terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Dan Akuntansi Terapan, 7(2), 132–145. Revina, Januarsi, Y., dan Muhtar. 2014. Mekanisme Internal dan Eksternal Corporate Governance dalam Memitigasi Financial Distress pad Industri Transportasi di Indonesia, 1–21. Rustam, B.2018. Manajemen Risiko: Prinsip, Penerapan, dan Penelitian. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Sameera, T.K.G., Senaratne, S. 2015. Impact of Corporate Governance Practices on Probability and Resolution of Financial Distress of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka. Insight for Suistainable Development in Emerging Economics. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Management and Economics-ICME 2015 Santoso, S. I., Fala, D. Y. A. S., dan Khoirin, A. N. N. 2017. Pengaruh Laba , Arus Kas dan Corporate Governance terhadap Financial Distress. Jurnal Al-Buhuts, 1(1), 1–22. Sari, P. 2012. Analisis Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011, 43–53. Diakses dari: http://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/manajerial/article/view/427/373 Sari, N. L. K. M., dan Putri, I. G. A. M. A. D. 2016. Kemampuan Profitabilitas Memoderasi Pengaruh Likuiditas dan Leverage terhadap Financial Distress. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 5.10, 3419–3448. Sekaran, U. 2015. Research Methods for Business. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Setiyowati, N. H. 2016. Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Corporate Governance, Likuiditas, Dan Leverage terhadap Financial Distress pada Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2013. Shahwan, Tamer Mohamed. 2015. The Effect of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance and Financial Distress: Evidence from Egypt. Corporate Governance. The International Journal of Bussiness in Society, 15 (5). Subramanyam, K.,dan Wild, J. 2013. Analisis Laporan Keuangan. Jakarta: Salemba Empat. Surya, I., dan Yustiavandana, I. 2006. Penerapan Good Corporate Governance: Mengesampingkan Hak-Hak Istimewa demi Kelangsungan Usaha. Jakarta: Kencana. Triwahyuningtias, M., dan Muharam, H. 2012. Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Ukuran Dewan, Komisaris Independen, Likuiditas dan Leverage terhadap Terjadinya Kondisi Finacial Distress. Diponegoro Journal of Management. Warastuti, Y.,& Sitinjak, E. 2014. Analysis of Model-Based Prediction of Bank Bankruptcy in The Banking Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2008-2012. South East Asia Journal of Contempory Bussiness, Economic and Law, 5(1), 71-81. Widyastuti, L. 2015. Analisis Pengaruh Mekanisme Corporate Governance , Financial Indicators dan Firm Size terhadap Financial Distress pada Perusahaan Manufaktur di BEI Periode Tahun 2010-2014, 1–10. Keputusan Menteri Badan Usaha Milik Negara Nomor KEP-117/M-MBU/2002. Diakses Dari: https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http:// Abstrak Kesehatan keuangan perusahaan merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang harus dijaga oleh perusahaan untuk mempertahankan keberlanjutan usahanya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari kinerja keuangan dan tata kelola perusahaan terhadap kondisi kesehatan perusahaan. Kinerja keuangan di cerminkan oleh tiga variabel: leverage, likuiditas, dan profitabilitas. Sedangkan tata kelola perusahaan dicerminkan oleh kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan institusional, proporsi dewan komisaris independen, dan ukuran komite audit. Penelitian ini menggunakan laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2013-2017. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dan hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa leverage dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan yang berarti perusahaan dengan leverage dan kepemilikan institusional tinggi cenderung berada pada kondisi financial distress, sedangkan likuiditas dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kondisi kesehatan keuangan perusahaan yang berarti bahwa perusahaan dengan likuiditas dan profitabilitas tinggi akan cenderung pada kondisi finansial sehat.

This study aims to determine the implementation of curriculum in learning activities of pre-school children and develop motion pattern-based learning media for pre-school children. This research was carried out in thirty kindergartens in East Jakarta. It was conducted in 4 months, from June to October 2018. This research is included in the development and evaluation research (mixed method). The scope of the research is the implementation of curriculum and the development of learning media for pre-school children by using customized tools. Data was collected by using questionnaires and analyzed by using Guttman scale and Likert scale. Percentage of the implementation of learning for pre-schoolers in Kindergarten in East Jakarta is very good. The goal dimension got 98.2%, the content dimension got 99.3%, the method dimension got 99.3% and the evaluation dimension got 98.3%. The product of this study is a learning media that is adjusted to the implementation of motion pattern-based learning activities for pre-school children. Keywords: Early childhood education curriculum, Motion Pattern-Based Learning Media, Pre-school children References Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Arikunto, S. (2014). Prosedur Penelitian. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. Ayob, A., Badzis, M., & Nordin, A. L.Abdullah, R. (2016). Kurikulum Permata Negara. Tanjong Malim: NCDRC, UPSI. Azia, R. S. (1976). Curriculum Principles and Foundation. New York: Harper and Row Publisher. Boyle, T., & Phelps, R. (2010). Curriculum To Acknowledge Diversity. The International Journal of Learning, 17(2), 357–370. Brady, L. (1995). Curriculum development (5th ed.). Sydney: Prentice-Hall. Cholimah, N. (2012). Pengembangan Kurikulum PAUD Berdasarkan Permen 58 Tahun 2009. Criticos. (1996). Media. Amazon. George A.Beauchamp. (1981). Curriculum Theory. F.E. Peacock Publisher. Jamaris, M. (2006). Perkembangan dan Pengembangan Anak Usia Dini Taman Kanak-kanak. Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana. Johnson, M. (1967). Intentionality in Education. New York: Center for Curriculum Research and Services. Kawaitouw, Y. I., Widiastuti, A. A., & Kurniawan, M. (2018). Unit Studies Curriculum: Strategi Guru Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum di Jungle School Sidomukti. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 371–380. Kerlinger, F. N. (1990). Asas-asas Penelitian Behavioral (3th ed.). Yogyakarta: Gajah Mada University Press. Langgulung, H. (1989). Manusia dan Pendidikan: Suatu Analisa Psikologik dan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Pustaka al-Husna. MacDonald, J. B. (1965). Educational Models for Instruction. Washington DC: The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Olivia, P. F. (1992). Developing the Curriculum (Third Edit). New York: Harper Collins Publishers Inc. Ornstein, A. C. (2004). Curriculum:Foundation, Principles, and Issues. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Ozturk, I. H. (2011). Curriculum Reform and Teacher Autonomy in Turkey: the case of the History Teaching". International Journal of Instruction, 4 (2)(2), 113–127. Prihatini, P. (2014). Kajian Ide Kurikulum 2012 PAUD dan Implikasinya dalam Pengembangan KTSP. Cakrawala: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak USia Dini. Rahelly, Y. (2018). Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(November), 381–390. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.122.19 Rohmansyah, N. A. (2017). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Pendidikan Jasmani Pada Pembelajaran Tematik Terintegrasi Siswa Kelas IV. JURNAL PENJAKORA, 4(28–35). Saylor, J. G., & Alexander, W. M. (1981). Curriculum Planning for Better Teaching and Learning. Holt-Rinehart and Winston. Sujiono, Y. N. (2009). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Sukmadinata, N. S. (2000). Pengembangan Kurikulum Teori dan Praktek. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya. Sutapa, P. (2014). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani Berbasis Kinestetik Untuk Anak Usia Pra Sekolah. Yogyakarta. Webster. (1993). Webster’s New International Dictionary. GC Company. Widoyoko, E. P. (2012). Evaluasi Program Pembelajaran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Winarno. (2011). Winarno. Metodologi dalam Penelitian Pendidikan Jasmani. Malang: Media Cakrawala Press. Winarso, W. (2017). Dasar Pengembangan Kurikulum Sekolah, (January 2015).

TPS7092 Background: The most common therapy FL pts receive remains chemotherapy which yields high efficacy but also significant toxicity.(Marcus 2017, Rummel 2013). FL pts are largely aged over 65 and may require treatment multiple times over their disease course thus novel regimens which enhance efficacy and minimise toxicity are highly desirable. FL patient (pt) outcomes are influenced by tumor microenvironment composition and manipulation with immunotherapy. Ikaros and Aiolos, key cell development and homeostasis transcription factors are upregulated in FL. Cereblon-modulating compounds (CELMoDs) such as golcadomide (G) promote degradation of these with demonstrated efficacy alone or with rituximab (R) in FL (responses-ORR- upto 75% in heavily pre-treated FL pts) (Morschhauser 2018, Michot 2021). We reported favourable efficacy of nivolumab (N) a PD1 inhibitor plus R in 1L treatment of FL (ORR 92% complete response CR 54%). (Hawkes 2021).This study (‘TOP-FLOR’; NCT05788081) builds on these findings and potential immunomodulatory synergy to explore the efficacy and safety of R + G, a novel CELMoD +/- N in treatment-naïve advanced stage FL pts. Methods: This is an open label multicentre umbrella Bayesian Optimal randomised Phase 2 trial (n=40). Eligibility includes: age >18 years, treatment-naïve, stage II-IV, low grade FL, ECOG 0-2. Pts from 5 Australian sites are randomised 1:1 to receive 8 cycles of R-G +/-N 8 cycles of 28 days (D) each as follows: Arm A; R 375 mg/m2 IV D1 + G 0.4 mg orally D1- 14; Arm B; R-G as above +N 480mg IV D1. All pts in partial response (PR) or CR post cycle 8 receive 8 doses of 12-weekly R maintenance. The primary endpoint (EP) is CR rate post induction in the absence of prohibitive toxicity (CTCAE V5.0). Secondary EP are overall toxicity, ORR (as per Lugano criteria), time to treatment failure, progression free survival, overall survival. Exploratory EP include: pt reported outcomes, PET radiomics, laboratory biomarkers. Study assessments include safety assessments every cycle until D28 post final study drug delivery. Response assessments (PET/CT), pt reported outcomes & biomarker bloods are performed at baseline, post cycles 2, 5 & 8, then 6 monthly during R maintenance. Futility analysis occurs after 11 pts are recruited to each arm with < 7 pts achieve the primary EP. Treatment arms will not be formally compared. Kaplan-Meier analysis will be used to report survival probabilities. This trial received IRB approval on 14 July 2023 (HREC/88597/Austin-2023). To date 15 pts have been randomised. Clinical trial information: NCT05788081 .

La investigación –cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional y transversal– pretendió conocer si las dimensiones del liderazgo directivo –transformacional, transaccional y laissez-faire– predicen significativamente el desempeño docente, de acuerdo con la percepción de 105 docentes de un grupo de nueve colegios privados salvadoreños, quienes respondieron (a) el Cuestionario Multifactorial (MQL), de 45 ítems, y (b) el Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Docente, para medir la variable desempeño docente, de 20 ítems. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión múltiple. De las tres dimensiones del liderazgo del director, el liderazgo transaccional mostró una correlación positiva con el desempeño docente. La predicción es significativa para todas las dimensiones del desempeño docente, excepto emocionalidad. Los docentes que laboran en colegios cuyos directores están en función por más de siete años mostraron un desempeño significativamente mejor en las dimensiones de capacidad pedagógica y emocionalidad. A la vez, demostraron una percepción del liderazgo transformacional más baja en términos de motivación por inspiración. Referencias Aguilar Ludeña, E. H. (2018). Liderazgo directivo y el desempeño docente en la institución educativa 1278, La Molina (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Perú. Alonso Ayala, O., Ávila Sánchez, M. y Sánchez López, M. (2016). Desempeño del profesional de enfermería en la atención a los pacientes con afecciones traumatológicas y ortopédicas. Revista Cubana de Tecnología de la Salud, 7(4), 30-35. Alzate Sánchez, A. y López Cortés, M. C. (2014). Impacto del liderazgo transformacional y la felicidad en la cultura organizacional – caso Google informe del VII seminario internacional en gestión de las organizaciones Estados Unidos 2014 (Trabajo de grado). Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, Colombia. Añazco Camacho, K. A., Valdivieso Salas, R. P. y Sánchez Córdova, S. W. (2018). Los estilos de liderazgo y su efecto en la satisfacción laboral. INNOVA, 3(10), 142-148. Arana Agüero, L. y Coronado Tarrillo, J. M. (2017). Liderazgo directivo y desempeño docente en una institución educativa parroquial del distrito de San Isidro (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Marcelino Champagnat, Lima, Perú. Aydin, A., Sarier, Y. y Uysal S. (2013). The effect of school principals’ leadership styles on teachers’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction”. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(2), 806-811. Ayvar Bazán, Z. (2014). Liderazgo pedagógico del director y evaluación del desempeño docente en las instituciones educativas del nivel secundario de la red n° 09 del distrito de Villa María del Triunfo. LOGOS, 6(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.21503/ log. Vil.1317 Bravo Salinas, G. A. y Vicente Acevedo, C. P. (2013). Liderazgo transformacional, engagement y desempeño intra-extra rol en un hospital público de la región del Maule (Tesis de grado). Universidad de Talca, Chile. Cervera Cajo, L. (2012). Liderazgo transformacional del director y su relación con el clima organizacional en las instituciones educativas del distrito de Los Olivos (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Cesar Rivera, C. (2018). Liderazgo transformacional y desempeño directivo en la institución educativa n° 125 “Ricardo Palma”, San Juan de Lurigancho – 2017 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad César Vallejo, Perú. Chacón Luna, G. (2016). Liderazgo transformacional y su relación con la satisfacción laboral (Tesis de licenciatura). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú. Chen, J. (2013). The effect of kindergarten principals’ leadership behaviors on teacher work performance. Social Behavior and Personality, 41(2), 251-262. https://doi.org/ 10.2224/sbp.2013.41.2.251 Chiang Vega, M., Méndez Urra, G. y Sánchez Bernales, G. (2010). Cómo influye la satisfacción laboral sobre el desempeño: caso empresa de Retail. Theoría, 9(2), 21-36. Chiavenato, I. (2002). Administración (3ª ed.). Bogotá: McGraw Hill. Coronado Quintana, J. A., Domínguez Canizales, K. G., Olivares Leal, A. y Retes López, R. (2014). Estilos de liderazgo de los agrónomos y su percepción de desempeño: caso Universidad de Sonora, México. Revista Mexicana de Agronegocios, 18(35), 1012- 1022. Cruz Ortiz, V., Salanova Soria, M. y Martínez Martínez, I. (2013). Liderazgo transformacional y desempeño grupal: unidos por el engagement grupal. Revista de Psicología Social, 28(1), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347413806196762 Espinoza Poves, J. L. (2017). Clima organizacional y liderazgo: predictores del desempeño docente, en los centros educativos iniciales de la Unión Peruana del Norte, 2016 (Tesis doctoral). Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú. Félix Román, J. J. (2014). Relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y el clima organizacional, en el instituto de educación superior tecnológico público Catalina Buendía de Pecho de Ica, durante el año 2013 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú. Fernández, M. C. y Quintero, N. (2017). Liderazgo transformacional y transaccional en emprendedores venezolanos. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 22(77), 56-74. Fierro Ulloa, I. J. y Villalva, M. (2017). El liderazgo democrático, una aproximación conceptual. INNOVA, 2(4), 155-162. García Rojas, V. C. (2017). Liderazgo transformacional directivo y desempeño docente en el centro preuniversitario de la Universidad Nacional de Educación “Enrique Guzmán y Valle” (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Perú. Giraldo González, D. y Naranjo Agudelo, J. A. (2014). Liderazgo: desarrollo del concepto, evolución y tendencias (Estudio monográfico). Universidad del Rosario, Colombia. González, O., González, O., Ríos, G. y León, L. (2013). Características del liderazgo transformacional presentes en un grupo de docentes universitario. TELOS, 15(3), 355-371. Guanilo Pizarro, W. D. (2017). El liderazgo transaccional y su relación con el desempeño laboral en la empresa Conservas Ricofres, Chancay – 2017 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad César Vallejo, Perú. Hermosilla, D., Amutio, A., Costa, S. y Páez, D. (2016). El liderazgo transformacional en las organizaciones: variables mediadoras y consecuencias a largo plazo. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpto.2016.06. 003 Huillca Condori, B. (2015). Liderazgo transformacional y desempeño docente en la especialidad de ciencias histórico – sociales del Instituto Pedagógico Nacional Monterrico (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Julca Chuquista, E. M. (2014). El liderazgo del equipo directivo y su relación con el desempeño docente, en la Asociación Educativa Adventista Sur Oriental del Perú, 2014 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú. Leal Soto, F., Albornoz Hernández, M., y Rojas Parada, M. (2016). Liderazgo directivo y condiciones para la innovación en escuelas chilenas: el que nada hace, nada teme. Estudios Pedagógicos (Valdivia), 42(2), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-070520 16000200011 Llorens, S., Salanova, M. y Losilla, J. (2009). Liderazgo transformacional y capital psicológico positivo: un estudio de caso en una empresa de construcción. Directivos Construcción, 220, 48-55. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G. y Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness of correlates of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. Leadership Quarterly, 7, 385-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(96) 90027-2 Maldonado Yaranga, R. (2012). Percepción del desempeño docente en relación con el aprendizaje de los estudiantes (Tesis de grado). Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Perú. Martínez de la Hidalga, Z. y Villardón Gallego, L. (2015). La imagen del profesor de educación secundaria en la formación inicial. Profesorado: Revista de Currículum y Formación de Profesorado, 19(1), 452-467. Mendoza Torres, M. y Ortiz Riaga, C. (2006). El liderazgo transformacional, dimensiones e impacto en la cultura organizacional y eficacia de las empresas. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 14(1), 118-134. Minaya Canales, M. (2014). El liderazgo transformacional de los directivos y las actitudes de los docentes hacia el compromiso organizacional en la institución educativa nº 5084 “Carlos Philips Previ” Callao 2010 – 2011 (Tesis de maestría).Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Mora Acuña. J. (2017). Liderazgo y desempeño laboral en docentes de instituciones educativas de San Martin de Porres, año 2016 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad César Vallejo, Perú. Onorato, M. (2013). Transformational leadership style in the educational sector: an empirical study of corporate managers and educational leaders. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 17(1), 33-47. Ortiz Chávez, A. (2016). Gestión de la calidad administrativa y su relación con el nivel de desempeño docente en la IE N° 0006 “Aplicación” de Juanjuí – 2016 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad César Vallejos, Perú. Pacsi Choque, A.Y., Estrada Mejía, W., Pérez Vásquez, A. y Cruz Machaca, P. (2015). Liderazgo laissez faire. Revista Cuaderno Empresarial, 1(1), 9-16. Parra Rivas, R. (2011). Liderazgo transformacional del director y desempeño laboral de los docentes. Revista Científica Digital del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Gerenciales, 2(2), 54-72. Recuperado de http://www.grupocieg.org/archivos_revista/2-2-5%20(54-72)%20Parra%20Rosibel%20rcieg%20noviembre%2011_articulo_id70.pdf Pazmiño Solys, G. A., Beltrán Morales, M. y Gallardo Media, W. M. (2016). Los estilos de liderazgo y su influencia en el desarrollo empresarial: caso pymes de la provincia de Tungurahua – Ecuador. PUCE, 103(1), 355-369. Pedraja Rejas, L., Rodríguez Ponce, E., Barreda Olavarría, M., Sagredo Núñez, O. y Segovia León, C. (2009). Estilos de liderazgo y resultados del sistema de medición de la calidad de la educación: un estudio empírico en los colegios básicos de la ciudad de Arica-Chile. Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 17(1), 21-26. Pedraja Rejas, L., Rodríguez Ponce, E., Delgado Almonte, M. y Rodríguez Ponce, J. (2006). Liderazgo transformacional y transaccional: un estudio de su influencia en las pequeñas empresas. Ingeniare: Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 14(2), 159-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-33052006000100010 Pedraja Rejas, L., Rodríguez Ponce, E. y Rodríguez Mardones, P. (2016). Estilos de liderazgo de dirección escolar y el logro académico de los estudiantes: un estudio exploratorio. Interciencia, 41(11), 748-756. Pérez Perea, L., Soler Cárdenas, S. F. y Díaz Hernández, L. (2009). Ambiente laboral en los policlínicos universitarios. Educación Médica Superior, 23(2). Recuperado de http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ems/v23n2/ems04209.pdf Perilla Toro, L. y Gómez Ortíz, V. (2017). Relación del estilo de liderazgo transformacional con la salud y el bienestar del empleado: el rol mediador de la confianza en el líder. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones, 33(2), 95-108. Ponce Luque, E. J. (2018). Liderazgo directivo y desempeño docente en la institución educativa Manuel Veramendi e Hidalgo del distrito de Mariano Melgar, Arequipa 2017 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional de San Agustín Arequipa, Perú. Ponce Vidal, R. A. (2008). El liderazgo y su relación con el rendimiento académico (Tesis de maestría). Universidad del Bío Bío, Chile. Quispe Quispe, P. (2011). Relación entre el estilo de liderazgo del director y el desempeño docente en las instituciones educativas públicas del 2do. Sector de Villa El Salvador de la UGEL 01 San Juan de Miraflores, en los años 2009 y 2010 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Ramón Molina, D. G., Muñoz Aparicio, C. G., Ancona Alcocer, M. C. y Navarrete Torres, M. C. (2015). El liderazgo y su influencia en el aprendizaje en el estudiante de Mercadotecnia. Revista Internacional de Organización Educativa y Liderazgo, 2(2), 65-74. Ramos Cuba, J. J. (2015). Liderazgo del director y el desempeño docente en las I.E. de primaria de la red n° 03 de la Ugel n° 02 del Rímac, Lima, año 2012 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Peruana Unión, Perú. Reyes Gastañadui, N. H. (2018). Liderazgo transaccional y transformacional con el desempeño laboral según el proceso de atención de enfermería en los profesionales de enfermería estudiantes de las especialidades en la unidad de posgrado UpeU Lima – 2017 (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Peruana Unión, Perú. Reynaga Utani, Y. (2015). Motivación y desempeño laboral del personal en el hospital Hugo Pesce Pescetto de Andahuaylas, 2015 (Tesis de grado). Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Perú. Rodríguez Ponce, E., Pedraja Rejas, L. y Ganga Contreras, F. (2017). La relación entre los estilos de liderazgo y el desempeño de los equipos de dirección intermedia: un estudio exploratorio desde Chile. Contabilidad y Negocios, 12(23), 129-144. Rojas Jara, A. (2012). El liderazgo transformacional en directores de tres liceos bicentenario y tres liceos regulares de la región metropolitana (Tesis de maestría). Universidad de Chile, Chile. Salas Vallina, A. (2013). Liderazgo transformacional, capacidad de aprendizaje organizativo y felicidad en el trabajo (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Valencia, Valencia. Salem, H. (2015). The impact of leadership styles on job satisfaction and mediating role of perceived organizational politics. Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.403 Sgreccia, N. y Cirelli, M. (2015). Cualidades de docentes memorables destacadas por aspirantes a profesor en matemática. Profesorado Revista de Currículum y Formación de Profesorado, 19(2), 333-350. Silva Peralta, Y., Olsen, C., Pezzi, L. y Sanjurjo, N. (2016). Liderazgo transaccional y transformacional de voluntarios jóvenes y adultos de Mar del Plata. Psicoperspectivas, 15(3), 146-157. Sum Mazariegos, M. (2015). Motivación y desempeño laboral (Tesis de grado). Universidad Rafael Landívar, Guatemala. Yang, M. (2012). Transformational leadership and Taiwanese public relations practitioners’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Social Behavior and Personality, 40(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.1.31 Zarate Ramírez, D. (2011). Liderazgo directivo y el desempeño docente en instituciones educativas de primaria del distrito de Independencia (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú.

У статті розглянуто маніпулятивний переклад як одну з технологій контролю над свідомістю реципієнтів. Ми зазначаємо, що такий переклад є допоміжним засобом впливу на аудиторію, яка є споживачем єдиного інформаційного поля, яке характеризується мовною, національною та територіальною принадлежністю. У праці проаналізовано переклади, що стосуються основних політичних новин у світі та в Україні. Автором було проаналізовано вітчизняні та зарубіжні інформаційні повідомлення. Шляхом наукового аналізу ми зіставили першоджерела та перекладені версії однієї й тієї само новини, що дало змогу зробити висновок, що маніпулятивний переклад здійснюються за допомогою певних прийомів. Автор виокремила п’ять прийомів маніпулятивного перекладу. Наведено приклади їхнього вживання та показано, як маніпулятивний переклад викривляє вихідну інформацію. У статті також окреслено роль семантичних одиниць у перекладі, зокрема як заміна семантичної одиниці на синонімічну, але з відмінним центральним ключовим словом цього семантичного поля, дає змогу «майстерно» маніпулювати вихідною інформацією. У роботі продемонстровано, що прийоми перекладацьких маніпуляції в медіапросторі є потужним інструментом пропаганди. Література References Крилова-Грек Ю. М. Психолінгвістичні особливості перекладу семантичних одиниць:Дис.... канд. психол. наук: 19.00.01. Київ, 2007.Krylova-Grek, Y.M. (2007). Psycholingustychni osoblyvosti pereklady semantychnyh odynyts[The psycholinguistic peculiarities of semantic units]. Ph.D. dissertation. Kyiv. Кара-Мурза С. Г. (2007), Манипуляции сознанием. М.: Эксмо, 2007.Kara-Murza, S. G. (2007). Manipuliaciya Soznaniem [Consciousness Manipulation]. Moscow:Eksmo. Шмелев И. В. Историческая ретроспектива договора Вайтанги // Вопросы современнойюриспруденции: Сб. ст. по матер. V междунар. науч.-практ. конф. № 5. Новосибирск:СибАК, 2011. Режим доступа: https://sibac.info/conf/law/v/37958.Shmelov, I.V. (2011). Istoricheskaya retrospectiva dogovora Waitangi [The historicalretrospective of Waitangi treaty]. Voprosy Sovremennoy Yurysprudentsyy. ConferenceProceedings, 5. Retrieved from: https://sibac.info/conf/law/v/37958. Tremblay, G. (2014). From Marshall McLuhan to Harold Innis, or From the global village tothe world empire. Canadian Journal of Communication, 37(4). Sources Вице-президент США назвал Украину самой коррумпированной страной в мире.(2015, Апрель 11). Expert Online Vice-prezident ssha nazval ukrainu samoikorrumpirovannoi stranoi v mire. (2015, April 11). Retrieved from:http://expert.ru/2015/12/8/vitse-prezident-ssha-nazval-ukrainu-samoj-korrumpirovannojstranoj-v-mire/ Forbes: Украине пора перестать строить из себя принцессу, ожидающую рыцаря.(2016, Март 27). Новостное агентство Харьков. Forbes: Ukraine pora perestat stroit iz sebya princessu, ozhidayushhuyu rycarya. (2016,Mart 27). Novostnoe agentstvo Kharkov. Retrieved from: https://nahnews.org/657737-forbes-ukraine-pora-perestat-stroit-princessu-v-ozhidanii-rycarya-na-belom-kone. Николай Лазаренко (2015, Червень 2). FT: назначение Саакашвили – начало большихпроблем Порошенко.Nikolai Lazarenko (2015, June 2). FT: naznachenie saakashvili – nachalo bolshix problemporoshenko. Retrieved from: https://ria.ru/world/20150602/1067801366.html Трамп назвав Путіна “твердим печивом”. (2017, Березень 19). ЦензорНет.Trump nazvav Putina “tverdym pechyvom”. (2017, Berezen’ 19). TsenzorNet Retrievedfrom: http://ua.censor.net.ua/news/43 2556/ tramp_nazvav_putina_tverdym_pechyvom. Мария Бондаренко (2017, Март 19). Трамп назвал Путина «крепким орешком».Mariya Bondarenko (2017, Mart 19). Trump nazval putina «krepkim oreshkom».Retrieved from: http://www.rbc.ru/society/19/03/2017/58cde8f49a794717c2202ef4 “Уточнение перевода”: Кремль изменил цитату из письма Эрдогана к Путину. (2016,Червень 28). Інформаційна агенція УНІАН. “Utochnenie perevoda”: Kreml izmenil citatu iz pisma erdogana k putinu. (2016, Cherven’28). Informatsiyna ahentsiya UNIAN. Retrieved from:https://www.unian.net/world/1390007-kreml-izmenil-tsitatu-iz-pisma-erdogana-kputinu.html. Doug Bandow (2016, March 25) Busted Fantasies In Kiev: America And Europe Won’tSave Ukrainian Maiden In Distress. Forbes. Retrieved from:https://www.forbes.com/sites/dougbandow/2016/03/25/busted-fantasies-in-kiev-americaand-europe-wont-save-the-ukrainian-maiden-in-distress/3/#4243b00e6166 From Berezovsky to Erdogan: who and what were apologizing for Putin. (2017, February7). FreeNews English. Retrieved from: http://freenews-en.tk/2017/02/07/fromberezovsky-to-erdogan-who-and-what-were-apologizing-for-putin/ Jon Snow [The Viral Network]. (2017, March 19). Trump: “Putin Is One Tough Cookie”(19.03.2017). Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=glVY2afl_d4 Paul Meredith, Rawinia Higgins Kāwanatanga. Māori engagement with the state / PaulMeredith, Rawinia Higgins Kāwanatanga. Retrieved from:http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kawanatanga-maori-engagement-with-the-state/page-1#2 Remarks by Vice President Joe Biden to The Ukrainian Rada. (2015, December 9). TheWhite House, Office of the Vice President. Retrieved from:https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/12/09/remarks-vicepresident-joe-biden-ukrainian-rada. Tony Barber (2015, June 2). Odessa appointment raises questions over Poroshenko’sjudgement. Financial Times. Retrieved from: https://www.ft.com/content/1751c125-d923-3755-88e7-c5378a952578

Las clases virtuales son una modalidad de estudio a distancia que ha sido aplicadas por más de 10 años. Son utilizadas principalmente en universidades para abarcar las necesidades de sus estudiantes que no pueden acceder al sistema presencial. Al encontrarnos en una emergencia sanitaria por el COVID-19, la aplicación de las clases virtuales alrededor del mundo se volvió una obligación para precautelar la vida de los estudiantes. Es por esto que la población universitaria tuvo que adaptarse a nuevas condiciones de estudio como: las clases, trabajos y exámenes en línea con el fin de no detener su aprendizaje. Sin duda, esto desencadenó inconformidades e inquietudes al estudiar por primera vez bajo esta modalidad. En este trabajo se evaluó la satisfacción sobre clases virtuales tomadas el primer semestre del 2020 a estudiantes de la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad de las Américas con edades entre 18 a 20 años. Para ello se realizó una encuesta de 15 ítems los cuales evaluaron las distintas condiciones que se presentaron en las clases virtuales durante el periodo de pandemia, con datos validados por un alfa de Cronbach 0,92. En este trabajo se obtuvo como resultado que gran parte de las personas encuestadas aprobó el software aplicado para la realización de las clases virtuales debido a que es una herramienta de uso intuitivo y de fácil acceso, por otro lado, están en desacuerdo con la modalidad de evaluación del conocimiento adquirido. Palabras Clave: Clases virtuales, Satisfacción estudiantil, COVID-19, TIC’s. Referencias [1]K. Brandl, «Are you ready to Moodle?,» Language Learning & Technology, vol. 9, nº 2, pp. 16-23, 2005. [2]C. Belloch, «Entornos virtuales de aprendizaje,» Universidad de Valencia, vol. 1, nº 1, pp. 1-3, 2012. [3]J. Jarrín, «Informe Nacional: Ecuador,» Universa, Quito, 2016. [4]M. Reeves. y T. Barbour, «The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature,» Computers & Education, vol. 52, nº 10, pp. 402-416, 2009. [5]C. Bonfill, «Clases virtuales a través de videoconferencias: factores críticos vivenciados por los tutores en un sistema de educación a distancia.,» Temas de Managment, vol. 5, nº 2, pp. 12-20, 2007. [6]A. García, M. Mediavilla y A. Casares, «Evaluación entre iguales en entornos de edcucación superior online mediante el taller Moodle,» A case study, vol. 13, nº 2, pp. 119-126, 2020. [7]R. Bendezu, A. Quijuano, H. Rebatta y G. Gutierrez, «Aprendizaje en tiempos de aislamiento social: cursos masivos abiertos en línea sobre la COVID-19,» vol. 37, nº 2, pp. 375-277, 2020. [8]M. Bautista y R. Torres, «El uso de material didáctico y las tecnologías de la información y comunicación(TIC's) para mejorar el alcance académico,» Ciencia y tecnología, nº 14, 2014. [9]G. Gutierrez, P. Krystell, C. Zarate, I. Juarez. y M. López, «Uso de tecnologías de la información en el rendimiento académico basado en una población de estudiantes de Medicina,» Educ Med Super, vol. 31, nº 2, pp. 23-34, 2017. [10]A. Rodrífuez, B. González y J. Fariñas, «Simulaciones virtuales como complemento de las clases y los laboratorios de Física. Ejemplos en la carrera de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones y Electrónica.,» Latin-American Journal of Physics Education, vol. 7, nº 4, pp. 16-20, 2013.

According to some early childhood education experts, a child is ready for school if they have the specific information and abilities they need to do so. They define readiness in this sense as a state that must be achieved before studying at school. Previous research has linked sustained academic performance across life to preparation for school. In this study, the researchers examined the strategies used by kindergarten teachers to support children's school readiness and transition to elementary school after the pandemic. Specifically, this research aims to find out the learning strategies implemented by kindergarten teachers when children return to school. Focus Group Discussions (FGD) for nineteen kindergarten teachers were used by researchers to collect narrative data, which was then studied using thematic analysis. Based on the results of qualitative data, researchers obtained information about various strategies implemented by teachers and the challenges they faced when accompanying children to learn. It is expected that the results of this research will provide enlightenment for early childhood teachers in general about the various strategies that need to be implemented to motivate children to learn so that they are ready for school and have a successful transition to elementary school. Keywords: early childhood, kindergarten teachers‘ strategy, school readiness, transition to elementary school References: Beaton, W., & McDonell, L. (2013). The transition into kindergarten: A community approach to integrating a child’s fragmented world – A discussion paper examining issues and implications of early childhood transitions to kindergarten. Nanaimo, BC: Tillicum Lelum Aboriginal Friendship Centre and Vancouver Island University. Cushon , J.A; Vu , Lan T; Janzen, T.B.L; & Muhajarine, N. (2011) Neighborhood Poverty Impacts Children's Physical Health and Well-Being Over Time: Evidence From the Early Development Instrument, Early Education and Development, 22:2, 183-205, DOI: 10.1080/10409280902915861 Creswell J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Dockett, S., Perry, & Kearney (2011). Facilitating children’s transition to school from families with complex support needs. Albury: Research Institute for Professional Practice, Learning and Education, Charles Sturt University. Fridani, L. (2014). School Readiness and Transition to Primary School: A Study of Teachers, Parents, and Educational Policy Makers’ Perspectives and Practices in the Capital City of Indonesia. Doctoral dissertation. Monash University, Australia. Halle, T. G., Hair, E. C., Wandner, L. D., & Chien, N. C. (2012). Pro- files of school readiness among four-year-old Head Start children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(4), 613–626. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2012.04.001. Harradine C. & Clifford R.M. (1996) When are Children Ready for Kindergarten? Views of Families, Kindergarten Teachers and Child Care Providers, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, April. Hustedt, J. T., Buell, M. J., Hallam, R. A., & Pinder, W. M. (2017). While kindergarten has changed, some beliefs stay the same: kin- dergarten teachers’ beliefs about readiness. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 32(1), 52–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02568543.2017.1393031 Jensen, J. L., Goldstein, J., & Brunetti, B. A. (2021). Kindergarten readiness assessments help identify skill gaps .WestEd. Johnson, L. J., Gallagher, R. J., Cook, M., & Wong, P. (1995). Critical skills for kindergarten: Perceptions from kindergarten teachers. Journal of Early Intervention, 2, 315–349. Jiang, Y., & Monk, H. (2015). Young Chinese-Australian children’s use of technology at home: Parents and grandparents’s views. Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Early Childhood Education, 10 (1), 87-106. Laura, E.L., & Munsch,J. (2014). Child Development : An active Learning Approach. Sage Publications, Inc. Ma, Xin & Shen, Jianping & Krenn, Huilan. (2013). The relationship between parental involvement and adequate yearly progress among urban, suburban, and rural schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. 25. 629-650. 10.1080/09243453.2013.862281. McCain, M. N., Mustard, J. F., & McCuaig, K. (2011). Early years study 3: Making decisions taking action. Toronto,on: Margaret & Wallace McCain Family Foundation. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Two decades of developments in qualitative inquiry: A personal, experiential perspective. Qualitative social work, 1(3), 261-283 Petriwskyj, A.,Thorpe, K., & Tayler, C. (2005). Trends in construction of transition to school in three western regions, 1990-2004. International Journal of Early Years Education ,12, (2), 39-49. Puccioni, J. (2015) Parents’ Conceptions of School Readiness, Transition Practices, and Children's Academic Achievement Trajectories, The Journal of Educational Research, 108:2, 130-147, DOI: 10.1080/00220671.2013.850399 Radesky, Jenny & Schumacher, Jayna & Zuckerman, Barry. (2015). Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. Pediatrics. 135. 1-3. 10.1542/peds.2014-2251. Reynolds, A. J. (2019). The power of P-3 school reform. Phi Delta Kappan, 100(6), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031721719834025 Rosier, K. & Mc Donald,M. (2011). Promoting positive education and care transitions for children. The Australian Institute of Families Studies (13). Sayers,M., Moore,T., Brinkman, S., & Goldfled, S. (2012). The impact of reschool on children’s developemental oucomes and transition to school in Australia. Manuscript submitted for publication. Scott-Little, C., Kagan, S. L., & Frelow, V. (2006). Conceptualiza-tions of readiness and the content of early learning standards: The intersection of policy and research? Early Childhood Research Quar-terly, 21, 153–173. Venter, N.V., Joubert, J., & Chetty, R. (2014). Characteristics of a School, Community and Family Partnership to Increase Parental Involvement in Learning at Rural Multigrade Schools. Mediterranean journal of social sciences, 5, 1225. Vogler, P., Crivello, G. (2008). Early childhood transitions research: a review of concepts, theory, and practice. The Hague: Bernard van Leer Foundation. Xin Ma, Jianping Shen & Huilan Y. Krenn (2014) The relationship between parental involvement and adequate yearly progress among urban, suburban, and rural schools, School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 25:4, 629-650, DOI: 10.1080/09243453.2013.862281 Wesley, P. W., & Buysse, V. (2003). Making meaning of school readi- ness in schools and communities. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 18(3), 351–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0885- 2006(03)00044-9. Williams, G. P., Lerner, M. A., Sells, J., Alderman, S. L., Hashi- kawa, A., Mendelsohn, A., McFadden, T., Navsaria, D., Pea- cock, G., Scholer, S., Takagishi, J., Vanderbilt, D., Pinto, C. D. L., Attisha, E., Beers, N., Gibson, E., Gorski, P., Kjolhede, C., O’Leary, S. C., & Weiss-Harrison, A. (2019, August 1). School Readiness. American Academy of Pediatrics. Zubrick, Taylor, & Christensen. (2015). Patterns and predictors of language and literacy abilities 4-10 years in the longitudinal study of Australian children.

One form of early mathematical recognition is to introduce the concept of geometric shapes. Geometry is an important scientific discipline for present and future life by developing various ways that fit 21st century skills. This study aims to overcome the problem of early mathematical recognition of early childhood on geometry, especially how to recognize geometric forms based on computer learning. A total of 24 children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten has to carrying out 2 research cycles with a total of 5 meetings. Treatment activities in each learning cycle include mentioning, grouping and imitating geometric shapes. There were only 7 children who were able to recognize the geometric shapes in the pre-research cycle (29.2%). An increase in the number of children who are able to do activities well in each research cycle includes: 1) The activities mentioned in the first cycle and 75% in the second cycle; 2) Classifying activities in the first cycle were 37.5% and 75% in the second cycle; 3) Imitation activities in the first cycle 54.2% and 79.2% in the second cycle. The results of data acquisition show that computer learning application can improve the ability to recognize geometric shapes, this is because computer learning provides software that has activities to recognize geometric shapes with the animation and visuals displayed. Keywords: Early Childhood Computer Learning, Geometry Forms, Early Math Skills Reference Alia, T., & Irwansyah. (2018). Pendampingan Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Penggunaan Teknologi Digital. A Journal of Language, Literature, Culture and Education, 14(1), 65– 78. https://doi.org/10.19166/pji.v14i1.639 Ameliola, S., & Nugraha, H. D. (2013). Perkembangan Media Informasi dan Teknologi Terhadap Anak di Era Globalisasi. International Conferences in Indonesian Studies : “Etnicity and Globalization.” Anderson, L. W., Krathwohl, D. R., & Bloom, B. S. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives. New York: Longman. Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Arsyad, N., Rahman, A., & Ahmar, A. S. (2017). Developing a self-learning model based on open-ended questions to increase the students’ creativity in calculus. Global Journal of Engineering Education, 19(2), 143–147. https://doi.org/10.26858/gjeev19i2y2017p143147 Asiye, I., Ahmet, E., & Abdullah, A. (2018). Developing a Test for Geometry and Spatial Perceptions of 5-6 Year-Old. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(1). Aslan, D., & Yasare, A. (2007). Three to Six Years OldChildren’s Recognition of Geometric Shapes. International Journal of Early Years Education, 15 :1, 83–104. Ben-Yehoshua, D., Yaski, O., & Eilam, D. (2011). Spatial behavior: the impact of global and local geometry. Animal Cognition Journal, 13(3), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071- 010-0368-z Charlesworth, R., & Lind, K. K. (2010). Math and Sciend for Young Children. Canada: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Chen, J.-Q., & Chang, C. (2006). using computers in early childhood classrooms teachers’ attitudes,skills and practices. Early Childhood Research. Clements, D. H., & Samara. (2003). Strip mining for gold: Research and policy in educational technology—a response to “Fool’s Gold.” Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) Journal, 11(1), 7–69. Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research Methods in Education (fourth edi). London: Routledge. Conorldi, C., Mammarela, I. C., & Fine, G. G. (2016). Nonverbal Learning Disability (J. P. Guilford, Ed.). New York. Corey, S. M. (1953). Action Research to Improve School Practice. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Couse, L. J., & Chen, D. W. (2010). A tablet computer for young children? Exploring its viability for early childhood education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(1), 75– 98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2010.10782562 Delima, R., Arianti, N. K., & Pramudyawardani, B. (2015). Identifikasi Kebutuhan Pengguna Untuk Aplikasi Permainan Edukasi Bagi Anak Usia 4 sampai 6 Tahun. Jurnal Teknik Informatika Dan Sistem Informasi, 1(1). Depdiknas. (2007). Permainan Berhitung Permulaan Di Taman Kanak-kanak. In Pedoman Pembelajaran. Jakarta: Depdiknas. Djadir, Minggi, I., Ja’faruddin., Zaki, A., & Sidjara, S. (2017). Sumber Belajar PLPG 2017: Bangun Datar. In Modul PLPG. Jakarta: Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan.Dooley, T., Dunphy, E., & Shiel, G. (2014). Mathematics in Early Childhood and Primary Education (3-8 years). Duncan, G. J., Dowsett, C. J., Claessens, A., Magnuson, K., Huston, A. C., Klebanov, P., ... Japel, C. (2007). School Readiness and Later Achievement. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1428–1446. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1428 Duncan, G. J., & Magnuson, K. (2011). The nature and impact of early achievement skills, attention skills, and behavior problems. Whither Opportunity?: Rising Inequality, Schools, and Children’s Life Chances, (0322356), 47–69. Edwards, S. (2009). Early Childhood Education and Care: a sociocultural Approach. New South Wales: Pademelon Press. Feliyanah, Norman, S., & Yulidesni. (2014). Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematika dengan Menggunakan Teknik Mengurutkan dan Membandingkan. Universitas Bengkulu. Gardner, H. (2011). Frame of Mind ; The theory of Multiple Intelegences. New York: Basic Book. Gimbert, B., & Cristol, D. (2004). Teaching Curriculum with Technology: Enhancing Children’s Technological Competence During Early Childhood. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31(1). Gulay, H. (2011a). The evaluation of the relationship between the computer using habits and proso_cial and aggressive behaviours of 5–6 years old children. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(2), 252. Gulay, H. (2011b). The evaluation of the relationship between the computer using habits and proso_cial and aggressive behaviours of 5–6 years old children. International Journal of Academic Research, 3(2), 252–257. Gunawan, I., & Palupi, A. R. (2012). Taksonomi Bloom-Revisi Ranah Kognitif; Kerangka Landasan untuk Pembelajaran, Pengajaran, dan Penilaian. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Pembelajaran, 2 No.2, 100–108. Inan, H. Z., & Dogan-Temur, O. (2010). Understanding kindergarten teachers’ perspectives of teaching basic geometric shapes: A phenomenographic research. ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, 42(5), 457–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-010- 0241-1 Jackman, H. I., Beaver, N. H., & Wyatt, S. S. (2014). Early Childhood Curriculum: A child’s connection to the world. (sixth edit). Canada: Cengage Learning. Kennedy, L. M., Tipps, S., & Johnson, A. (2008). Guiding Children’s Learning of Mathematic (Eleventh E; Belmot, Ed.). CA: Thomson Wadsworth. Mackintosh, B. B., & McCoy, D. C. (2019). Exploring Social Competence as a Mediator of Head Start’s Impact on Children’s Early Math Skills: Evidence from the Head Start Impact Study. Early Education and Development, 30(5), 655–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2019.1576156 Martin, M. O., Mullis, I. V. S., Foy, P., & Stanco, G. M. (2011). Results in Science. Mirawati. (2017). Matematika Kreatif; Pembelajaran Matematika bagi Anak Usia Dini Melalui Kegiatan yang Menyenangkan dan Bermakna. Jurnal Anak Usia Dini Dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3. Mohammad, M., & Mohammad, H. (2012). Computer integration into the early childhood curriculum. Education, 133(1), 97–116. National Research Council. (2009). Mathematics Learning in Early Chidhood Paths Toward Excellence and Equity (C. T. Cross, T. Woods, & H. Schweingruber, Eds.). Washinton D.C: The National Academies Press. Norton, A., & Nurnberger-Haag, J. (2018). Bridging frameworks for understanding numerical cognition. Journal of Numerical Cognition, 4(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v4i1.160 Novitasari, D. R. (2010). Pembangunan Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris Untuk Siswa Kelas 1 Pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri 15 Sragen. Sentra Penelitian Engineering Dan Edukas, Volume 2 N. Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., & Zaranis, N. (2017). Improving Mathematics Teaching in Kindergarten with Realistic Mathematical Education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(3), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0768-4 Papalia, Old, & Feldman. (2009). Human Development (Psikologi Perkembangan (Kesembilan). Jakarta: Kencana. Paquette, K. R., Fello, S. E., & Jalongo, M. R. (2007). The talking drawings strategy: Using primary children’s Illustrations and oral language to improve comprehension of expository text. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643- 007-0184-5 Putra, L. D., & Ishartiwi. (2015). Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaram Interaktif Mengenal Angka dan Huruf untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 2(2). Rich, B., & Thomas, C. (2009). Geometry: Includes Plane, Analytic, and Transformational Geometries. . (4th Editio). New York: McGraw-Hill. Rochanah, L. (2016). Pemanfaatan Media Berbasis Komputer Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Huruf pada Anak Usia Dini (Urgensi Media Berbasis Komputer pada Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf ). Jurnal Program Studi PGRA, Volume 2 N, 1–8. Runtukahu, T., & Kandou, S. (2014). Pembelajaran matematika dasar bagi anak berkesulitan belajar. Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media. Santrock, J. W. (2016). Children (Thirteenth). New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Sarama, J., & Clements, D. H. (2006). Mathematics, Young Students, and Computers: Software, Teaching Strategies and Professional Development. The Mathematics Educato, 9(2), 112– 134. Schoenfeld, A. H., & Stipek, D. (2011). Math Matters. Barkeley, California.Shilpa, S., & Sunita, M. (2013). A Study About Role of Multimedia in Early Childhood Education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention, 2(6). Siswono, T. Y. E. (2012). Belajar dan Mengajar Matematika Anak Usia Dini. Universitas Negeri Surabaya.Smaldino, S. E., Russel, J. D., & Lowther, D. L. (2014). Instructional Technology & Media for Learning (9th ed.). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Sudaryanti. (2006). Pengenalan Matematika Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: FIP UNY. Sufa, F. F., & Setiawan, H. Y. (2017). Analisis Kebutuhan Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun Pada Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer Pada Anak Usia Dini. Research Fair Unisri, 1(1). Suharjana, A. (2008). Pengenalan Bangun Ruang dan Sifat-sifatnya di SD. Yogyakarta: Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Matematika. Sujiono, Y . N. (2014). Batasan dan Dasar T eori Pengembangan Kognitif. In Hakikat Pengembangan Kognitif (p. 12). Suryana, D. (2013). Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (teori dan praktik pembelajaran). Padang: UNP Press. Susperreguy, M. I., & Davis-Kean, P. E. (2016). Maternal Math Talk in the Home and Math Skills in Preschool Children. Early Education and Development, 27(6), 841–857. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1148480 Suwarna. (2010). Pengembangan Multimedia Pembelajaran untuk Pembinaan Kreativitas Melukis di Taman Kanak-kanak. Jurnal Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Suziedelyte, A. (2012). Can video games affect children’s cognitive and non-cognitive skills? UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2140983 Tarigan, D. (2006). Pembelajaran Matematika Realistik. Jakarta: Departeman Pendidikan Nasional, Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tunggi, Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan dan Ketenaga Perguruan Tinggi. Tatang, S. (2012). Ilmu Pendidikan. Bandung: Pustaka Setia.Trawick, M. (2007). Enemy Line ; Warfare, Childhood, and Play in Batticaloa. London: University of California Press. Trifunović, A., Čičević, S., Lazarević, D., Mitrović1, S., & Dragovi, M. (2018). Comparing Tablets (Touchscreen Devices and PCs in Preschool Children Education: Testing Spatial Relationship Using Geometric Syimbols Traffic Signs. IETI Transections on Economics and Safety, 2(1), 35–41. https://doi.org/10.6722/TES.201808_2(1).0004 Vitianingsih, A. V. (2016). Game Edukasi Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal INFORM, 1 No. 1. Wang, F., & Kinzie, M. B. (2010). Applying Technology to Inquiry- Based Learning in Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education Journal. Weil, M., Calhoun, E., & Joyce, B. (2011). Models of Teaching. New York.: New York. Zack, N. (2014). Philosophy of Science and Race. New York: Routledge. Zare, Sarikhani, Salarii, & Mansouri. (2016). The Impact Of E-learning on University Student’s Academic Achievement and Creativity. Journal of Technical Education and Training (JTET), 8(11).

Language skills are significant predictors of early academic and social-emotional outcomes of children and are important predictors of school readiness. This study aims to improve children's language skills through the application of mind mapping learning methods. This classroom action research used Kemmis and Taggart's cycle model. The research subjects were 12 children in group B consisting of eight boys and four girls. The data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation with the validity of the data using source triangulation and method triangulation. This research uses data analysis techniques in the form of data condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the children's language skills through the application of the mind mapping method in the first cycle were 75%, and in the second cycle had increased to 92%. Based on the results of teacher observations in the implementation of cycle I, the children's language skills obtained a percentage value of 61.5%, and in cycle II increased to 92.3%. While the results of observations of children's activities in the implementation of the first cycle obtained a percentage of 54%, and in the second cycle, it increased to 85%. This study found that the teacher's assessment of this mind mapping method was an easy method to understand so that it was easy to apply in classroom learning. The implication of this research is that it is necessary to carry out further research on the application of the mind mapping method for other aspects of development. Keywords: Early Childhood, language Skills, Mind Mapping Learning Methods References: Abi-El-Mona, I., & Adb-El-Khalick, F. (2008). The influence of mind mapping on eighth graders’ science achievement. School Science and Mathematics, 108(7), 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2008.tb17843.x Alamsyah, M. (2019). Kiat jitu meningkatkan prestasi dengan mind mapping (A. Safa, Ed.; 2nd ed.). Mitra Pelajar. Arimbi, Y. D., Saparahayuningsih, S., & Ardina, M. (2018). Meningkatkan Perkembangan Kognitif Melalui Kegiatan Mind Mapping. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 3(2), 64–71. Aykac, V. (2014). An application regarding the availability of mind maps in visual art education based on active learning method. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1859–1866. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.sbspro.2015.01.848. Balim, A. G. (2013). The effect of mind-mapping applications on upper primary students success and inquiry-learning skills in science and environment education. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education, 22(4), 337–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/10382046.2013.826543 Batdi, V. (2015). A Meta-analysis Study of Mind Mapping Techniques and Traditional Learning Methods. The Anthropologist, 20(1–2), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2015.11891724 Berman, R. A. (2007). Developing Linguistic Knowledge and Language Use Across Adolescence. In E. Hoff & M. Shatz (Eds.), Blackwell Handbook of Language Development (pp. 347–367). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470757833.ch17 Bishop, D. V. M., Snowling, M. J., Thompson, P. A., Greenhalgh, T., & and the CATALISE-2 consortium. (2017). Phase 2 of CATALISE: A multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(10), 1068–1080. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12721 Botting, N., & Conti-Ramsden, G. (2000). Social and behavioural difficulties in children with language impairment. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 16(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565900001600201 Budd, J. W. (2004). Mind maps as classroom exercises. Journal of Economic Education, 35(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.3200/JECE.35.1.35-46 Budyawati, L. P. I. (2016). Implementasi Metode Mind Mapping untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bercerita Anak kelas B di PAUD Sarin Rare Mas Ubud. Pancaran, 5(3), 1–16. Buzan, T. (2005). Mind map: The ultimate thinking tool. Thorston. Buzan, Tony. (2005). Buku Pintar Mind Map. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Buzan, Tony. (2007). Buku Pintar Mind Map untuk Anak. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Chang, Y. H., Chang, C. Y., & Tseng, Y. H. (2010). Trends of science education research: An automatic content analysis. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 19(4), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-009-9202-2 Chiou, C. C. (2008). The effect of concept mapping on students’ learning achievements and interests. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 45(4), 375–387. Chow, J. C., & Jacobs, M. (2016). The role of language in fraction performance: A synthesis of literature. Learning and Individual Differences, 47, 252–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.017 Chularut, P., & DeBacker, T. K. (2004). The influence of concept mapping on achievement, self-regulation, and self-efficacy in students of English as a second language. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 29(3), 248–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2003.09.001 Clegg, J., Law, J., Rush, R., Peters, T. J., & Roulstone, S. (2015). The contribution of early language development to children’s emotional and behavioural functioning at 6 years: An analysis of data from the Children in Focus sample from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12281 Davies, M. (2011). Concept mapping, mind mapping and argument mapping: What are the differences and do they matter? Higher Education, 62, 279–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-010-9387-6. DePorter, B., & Hernacki, M. (2015). Quantum Learning: Membiasakan Belajar Nyaman dan Menyenangkan. Kaifa. Dhieni, N. (2008). Metode Pengembangan Bahasa. Universitas Terbuka. Dhindsa, HS., M., K., & Anderson, OR. (2011). Constructivist-visual mind map teaching approach and the quality of students’ cognitive structures. Science Education Technology, 20, 186–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-010- 9245-4. Duff, F. J., Reen, G., Plunkett, K., & Nation, K. (2015). Do infant vocabulary skills predict school‐age language and literacy outcomes? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(8), 848–856. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12378 Farrand, P., Fearzana, H., & Hennessy, E. (2002). The efficacy of the mind map study technique. Medical Education, 36, 426–431. Hapidin, H., Pujianti, Y., & Juniasih, I. (2019). The The Effectiveness of Using Mind Mapping Method to Improve Child Development Assessment. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 13(1), 172–186. https://doi.org/10.21009/10.21009/jpud.131.13 Hendarwati, E. (2015). Peningkatan Kemampuan Bahasa Melalui Mind Mapping pada Anak TK Aisyah 29 Surabaya. Jurnal Didaktis, 12(1). Hoff, E. (2013). Interpreting the early language trajectories of children from low-SES and language minority homes: Implications for closing achievement gaps. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027238 Holley, C. D., Dansereau, D. F., McDonald, B. A., Garland, J. C., & Collins, K. W. (1979). Evaluation of a hierarchical mapping technique as an aid to prose processing. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 4(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-476X(79)90043-2 Horton, P. B., McConney, A. A., Gallo, M., Woods, A. L., Senn. G. J., & Hamelin, D. (1993). An investigation of the effectiveness of concept mapping as an instructional tool. Science Education, 77, 95–111. Hulme, C., Nash, H. M., Gooch, D., Lervåg, A., & Snowling, M. J. (2015). The Foundations of Literacy Development in Children at Familial Risk of Dyslexia. Psychological Science, 26(12), 1877–1886. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615603702 Indriyani, M. P., Wirya, I. N., & Parmiti, D. P. (2013). Penerapan metoda mind mapping berbantuan media. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Undiksha, 1(1), 1–10. Jalongo, M. R. (2014). E arly Childhood Language Arts (6th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc. Jones, B. D., Ruff, C., Tech, V., Snyder, J. D., Tech, V., Petrich, B., Tech, V., & Koonce, C. (2012). The Effects of Mind Mapping Activities on Students ’ Motivation. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 6(1). Karpicke, J. D., & Blunt, J. R. (2011). Retrieval practice produces more learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. Science, 331(6018), 772–775. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199327 Keles, O. (2012). Elementary teachers’ views on mind mapping. International Journal of Education, 4(1), 93–100. Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-67-2 Law, J., Rush, R., Schoon, I., & Parsons, S. (2009). Modeling developmental language difficulties from school entry into adulthood: Literacy, mental health, and employment outcomes. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR, 52 6, 1401–1416. Lestari, N. G. A. M. Y. (2020). Penerapan Metode Mind Map Dalam Pengembangan Kreativitas Anak Usia Dini. Pratama Widya: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia DIni, 5(1), 35–42. Locke, A., Ginsborg, J., & Peers, I. (2002). Development and disadvantage: Implications for the early years and beyond. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 37(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13682820110089911 Madu, BC., & Metu, IC. (2010). Effect of mind map as a notetaking approach on students’ achievements’ in economics. Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 3(3), 247–251. McGillion, M., Pine, J. M., Herbert, J. S., & Matthews, D. (2017). A randomised controlled trial to test the effect of promoting caregiver contingent talk on language development in infants from diverse socioeconomic status backgrounds. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(10), 1122–1131. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12725 Meier, PS. (2007). Mind-mapping. Social Research, 52, 1–4. Merchie, E., & Van Keer, H. (2016). Mind mapping as a meta-learning strategy: Stimulating pre-adolescents’ textlearning strategies and performance? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 46, 128–147. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.cedpsych.2016.05.005 Mona, IA., & Khlaick, FA. (2008). The influence of mind mapping on eighth graders’ science achievement. School Science and Mathematics, 108(7), 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2008.tb17843.x Nesbit, J. C., & Adesope, O. O. (2006). Learning with concept and knjowledge maps: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 76(3), 413–448. Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. Cambridge University Press. O‟Donnell, A. M., Dansereau, D. F., & Hall, R. H. (2002). Knowledge maps as scaffolds for cognitive processing. Educational Psychology Review, 14, 71–86. Olivia, F. (2013). 5—7 Menit Asyik Mind Mapping Kreatif. Elex Media Computindo. Pace, A., Alper, R., Burchinal, M. R., Golinkoff, R. M., & Hirsh-Pasek, K. (2019). Measuring success: Within and cross-domain predictors of academic and social trajectories in elementary school. Early Childhood Research Quarterly,46, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.04.001 Padang, J. S. M., & Gurning, B. (2014). Improving Students’ Achievement in Writing Descriptive Text through Mind Mapping Strategy. Register Journal of English Language Teaching of FBS-Unimed, 3, 1–11. Patmonodewo, S. (2000). Pendidikan Anak Pra Sekolah. Rineka Cipta. Paxman, CG. (2011). Map your way to speech success! Employing mind mapping as a speech preparation technique. Communication Teacher, 25(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2010.513994 Riswanto, & Putra, P. P. (2012). The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy in the Teaching of Writing at SMAN 3 Bengkulu , Indonesia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(21), 60–68. Saed, H. A., & AL-Omari, H. A. (2014). The Effectiveness of a Proposed Program Based on a Mind Mapping Strategy in Developing the Writing Achievement of Eleventh Grade EFL Students in Jordan and Their Attitudes Towards Writing. Journal of Education and Practice, 5, 88–109. San Risqiya, R. (2013). The Use of Mind Mapping in Teaching Reading Comprehension. ELTIN Journal, 1, 32–43. Serig, D. (2011). Beyond brainstorming: The mind map as art. Teaching Artist Journal, 9(4), 249–257. Somers, MJ., Passerini, K., Parhankangas, A., & Casal, J. (2014). Using mind maps to study how business school students and faculty organize and apply general business knowledge. The International Journal of Management Education, 12, 1–13. Warsidi, Burhanuddin, A., & Mustafa, M. (2014). A Collaboration Of Mind Mapping And Organizational Pattern To Improve Students ’ Essay Writing Ability. Jurnal Pasca Unhas, 11, 1–12. Whitehurst, G. J., & Fischel, J. E. (1994). Practitioner Review: Early Developmental language Delay: What. If Anything. Should the Clinician Do About It? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(4), 613–648. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01210.x Williams, M. H. (2012). Physical webbing: Collaborative kinesthetic three-dimensional mind maps. Active Learning in Higher Education, 13(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787411429185 Willis, C. L., & Miertschin, S. L. (2006). Mind maps as active learning tools. Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges, 21(4), 266–272. Yunus, M. M., & Chien, C. H. (2016). The Use of Mind Mapping Strategy in Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Writing. Creative Education, 07(04), 619–626. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.74064

Diabetic keratopathy is one of the most common ocular complications in diabetes mellitus. Protocol for diabetes induction in rat model also has been established in many centers. Nonetheless, method in developing diabetic keratopathy rat model has not been well covered. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes is widely being used as animal diabetic model.The purpose of this study is to obtain an animal model of diabetic keratopathy that can be used to study the morphology, metabolism, and function of cornea in cases where human samples can be difficult to obtain.A single dose STZ (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to control and intervention group. Plasma glucose level concentrations were tested in day 3 post injections. Obtained animal model of diabetic keratopathy, with significant difference of blood glucose level between intervention and control group (P0.00).Sensibility of cornea was decreased by week 14th in intervention group. Epithelial defect were more prominent in diabetic group. Despite the differences between human and animal characteristic of diabetic keratopathy, the use of animal models has contributed to better understanding of this disease and to examine more effective treatment.Bikbova G, Oshitari T, Baba T, Yamamoto S. 2016. Neuronal changes in the diabetic cornea: perspectives for neuroprotection. BioMed Research International. 2016:1-8.Cousen P, Cackett P, Bennett H, Swa K, Dhillon B. 2007. Tear production and corneal sensitivity in diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 21(6):371-373. Furman BL. 2015.Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic models in mice and rats. Current Protocols in Pharmacology. 70(1):5-47.King AJ. 2012. The use of animal models in diabetes research. British Journal of Pharmacology. 166(3):877-894.Ljubimov AV. 2017. Diabetic complications in the cornea. Vision Research. 139:138-152. Vieira-Potter VJ, Karamichos D, Lee DJ. 2016. Ocular complications of diabetes and therapeutic approaches. BioMed Research International. 2016: 1-14. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. 2004. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care.27(5):1047-53.Yin J, Huang J, Chen C, Gao N, Wang F, Fu-Shin XY. 2011. Corneal complications in streptozocin-induced type I diabetic rats. Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science. 52(9):6589-6596.

The quality of groundwater should be improved by keeping safe water sources from contaminants in protective way by doing regular measuring and checkup before it supplied for usage. Private Wells do not receive the same services that wells supplying the public do. Well owners are responsible for protecting their drinking water. This work was carried out in Badra city, Iraq from December 2017 to May 2018, six wells water were investigated to determine the general characteristics of wells as well as studying the effect of environmental factors on the quality of water. The average of six wells were eleven parameters that is out of permissible limits were EC, Sal., Alk., TH, TDS, Na, Ca, Cl, SO4, Fe, Zn (4402-5183 /cm, 2.76-3.9 ppt, 302-366mg/L, 3164-4248 mg/L, 604-675 mg/L, 375-524 mg/L, 635-871 mg/L, 631-1107 mg/L, 2430-4570 g/L, 114-392 g/L). Respectively, microbiological investigations involved the total coliform, total plate count, as well as the detection for the presence of E. coli, Salmonella and Cholera. Results shows that there is a significant relation between the increasing of the TDS and Turbidity, TDS gives an indication for the significant increasing of chemical ions. Wells number 3, 4 and 5 showed gave positive results for E.coli growth which as a source of microbial pollution. Detection for the presence of chemical and microbial contaminate is an important alarm since this water has a direct effect on the human and animal's health. Advance method of rapid detection for the well water quality is highly recommended to avoid any health issue and prevent the outbreak of health risk and ecological contaminants.

Historia nauki polskiej, t. 10: 1944–1989, Cz. 1: Warunki rozwoju nauki polskiej, państwo i społeczeństwo; Cz. 2: Instytucje; Cz. 3: Idee i praktyka, pod red. Leszka Zasztowta i Joanny Schiller- Walickiej, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk, 2015, Cz. 1: ss. 447, Cz. 2: ss. 717, Cz. 3: ss. 445, ISBN 978-83-7545-607-3 (całość) – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [355-358] Modlitewnik Olbrachta Gasztołda kanclerza wielkiego litewskiego 1528 r. Facsimile, Wstęp Wiesław Wydra, Libri Precationum Illuminati Poloniae Veteris. Facsimilia, editores: Catharina Krzak-Weiss, Raphael Wójcik, Wiesław Wydra, t. 1, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2015, ss. 560, ISBN 978-83232- 2774-8 – Karolina Figaszewska [358-360] Katalog inkunabułów Biblioteki Naukowej PAU i PAN w Krakowie, oprac. Teresa Dąbrowa, Elżbieta Knapek, Jacek Wojtowicz, Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, 2015, ss. 285, ISBN 978-83-7676-223-4 – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [360-361] Przyjaźń w kulturze staropolskiej, pod redakcją naukową Agnieszki Czechowicz i Małgorzaty Trębskiej, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego, 2013, ss. 331, ISBN: 978-83-7702-798-1 – Magdalena Bejm [362-364] Olaf Kwapis, Do Rzymu, Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Pro Cultura Litteraria, Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, 2014, ss. 366, ISBN 979-83-61757-54-1 – Magdalena Bejm [365-367] Urszula Paszkiewicz, Cathalogus cathalogorum. Inwentarze i katalogi bibliotek z ziem wschodnich Rzeczypospolitej od XVI wieku do 1939 roku. Spis scalony, poprawiony i uzupełniony, t. 1–2, Warszawa: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, 2015, t. 1: ss. 717, t. 2: ss. 772 ISBN 978-83-62622-41-2 (całość) – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [367-369] Zdabytki: dokumental’nyja pomniki na Belarusi, Nacyjanalnaja biblioteka Belarusi; Wypusk 16; Minsk 2013 – Michał Pędracki [369-372] Маteryjały IX Мiżnarodnych knigaznauczych czytannjau „Statut Wjalikaga Knjastwa Litouskaga u gistorii kultury Biełarusi”, Мinsk, 18–19 krasawika 2013 g. – Michał Pędracki [372-376] Kasaty klasztorów na obszarze dawnej Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów i na Śląsku na tle procesów sekularyzacyjnych w Europie, t. 1–4, t. 1: Geneza. Kasaty na ziemiach zaborów austriackiego i rosyjskiego; t. 2: Kasaty na Śląsku Pruskim i na ziemiach zaboru pruskiego; t. 3: Źródła. Skutki kasat XVIII i XIX w. Kasata w latach 1954–1956; t. 4: Dokumentacja, redakcja Marek Derwich, Wrocław: Wrocławskie Towarzystwo Miłośników Historii, 2014, t. 1: ss. 464, t. 2: ss. 474, t. 3: ss. 520, t. 4: ss. 560, ISBN 978-83- 87843-21-2 (całość) – Agnieszka Chamera-Nowak [376-377]

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the change in Na content of Australian pasta sauces between 2008 and 2011. A secondary objective was to project the mean Na content of these same products in 2014 using the Australian Food and Health Dialogue Na commitment and compare projections with the 2012 UK Na target for pasta sauce.DesignNa data were collected from the product labels of pasta sauce products. Mean Na content was calculated for 2008 and 2011 and change assessed. Projected mean values for 2014 were derived by applying a 15 % reduction to the 2011 products above the ‘action point’ of 420 mg Na/100 g, consistent with the Food and Health Dialogue commitment (scenario 1). A 15 % reduction was applied to products already below the ‘action point’ (scenario 2). Projections were compared with the 2012 UK target.SettingNa data for pasta sauce products in Australian supermarkets (July–September) in 2008 and 2011.SubjectsNot applicable.ResultsData were available for 124 (2008) and 187 (2011) products, and mean Na levels were not significantly different (451 mg/100 g v. 423 mg/100 g; P = 0·16). The projected means (381 mg Na/100 g in scenario 1; 375 mg Na/100 g in scenario 2) exceeded the 2012 UK target (330 mg Na/100 g) and to attain this would require a 22 % reduction from 2011 levels.ConclusionsThere is little evidence that all Australian manufacturers of pasta sauces systematically reduced the Na content of their products between 2008 and 2011. Even if all manufacturers achieve the current voluntary commitment by 2014, average salt levels in Australian products would still be above the 2012 UK target.

We discuss here a possibility of generation of steerable states in asymmetric chains comprising three Kerr-like nonlinear oscillators. We show that steering between modes can be generated in the system and it strongly depends on the asymmetry of internal couplings in our model. We can lead to the appearance of new steering effects, which were not present in symmetric models already studied in the literature. Full Text: PDF ReferencesE. Schrödinger, "Discussion of Probability Relations between Separated Systems", Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 31, 555 (1935). CrossRef M.D. Reid, "Demonstration of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox using nondegenerate parametric amplification", Phys. Rev. A 40, 913 (1989). CrossRef E.G. Cavalcanti, M.D. Reid, "Uncertainty relations for the realization of macroscopic quantum superpositions and EPR paradoxes", Journal of Modern Optics 54, 2373 (2007). CrossRef S.P. Walborn, A. Salles, R.M. Gomes, F. Toscano, P.H. Souto Ribeiro, "Revealing Hidden Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Nonlocality", Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 130402 (2011). CrossRef H.M. Wiseman, S.J. Jones, A.C. Doherty, "Steering, Entanglement, Nonlocality, and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox", Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 140402 (2007). CrossRef S.J. Jones, H.M. Wiseman, A.C. Doherty, "Entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations, Bell nonlocality, and steering", Phys. Rev. A 76, 052116 (2007). CrossRef J.K. Kalaga, W. Leoński, "Quantum steering borders in three-qubit systems", Quantum Inf Process 16, 175 (2017). CrossRef Q. He, Z. Ficek, "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox and quantum steering in a three-mode optomechanical system", Phys. Rev. A 89, 022332 (2014). CrossRef S. Kiesewetter, Q.Y. He, P.D. Drummond, M.D. Reid, "Scalable quantum simulation of pulsed entanglement and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering in optomechanics", Phys. Rev. A 90, 043805 (2014). CrossRef K. Bartkiewicz, A. Cernoch, K. Lemr, A. Miranowicz, F. Nori, "Experimental temporal quantum steering", Scientific Reports 6, 38076 (2016). CrossRef A. Barasiński, B. Brzostowski, R. Matysiak, P. Sobczak, D. Woźniak, In: R. Wyrzykowski, J. Dongarra, K. Karczewski, J. Wasniewski editor, Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics (PPAM 2013), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8385. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2014). CrossRef A. Drzewiński, J. Sznajd, "On the real-space renormalization-group study of some 2D quantum spin systems", Physica A 170, 415 (1991). CrossRef G.J. Milburn, C.A. Holmes, "Quantum coherence and classical chaos in a pulsed parametric oscillator with a Kerr nonlinearity", Phys. Rev. A 44, 4704 (1991). CrossRef W. Leoński, "Quantum and classical dynamics for a pulsed nonlinear oscillator", Physica A 233, 365 (1996). CrossRef A. Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk, J.K. Kalaga, W. Leoński, "Long-time fidelity and chaos for a kicked nonlinear oscillator system", Physics Letters A 373, 1334 (2009). CrossRef J.K. Kalaga, W. Leoński, "Two proposals of quantum chaos indicators related to the mean number of photons: pulsed Kerr-like oscillator case", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421L (2016). CrossRef A. Barasiński, W. Leoński, T. Sowiński, "Ground-state entanglement of spin-1 bosons undergoing superexchange interactions in optical superlattices", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31, 1845 (2014). CrossRef A. Barasiński, W. Leoński, "Symmetry restoring and ancilla-driven entanglement for ultra-cold spin-1 atoms in a three-site ring", Quantum Inf Process 16, 6 (2017). CrossRef D. Woźniak, A. Drzewiński, G. Kamieniarz, "Relaxation Dynamics in the Spin-1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chain after a Quantum Quench of the Uniaxial Anisotropy", Acta Physica Polonica A 130, 1395 (2016). CrossRef R. Szczęśniak, D. Szczęśniak, E.A. Drzazga, "Superconducting state in the atomic metallic hydrogen just above the pressure of the molecular dissociation", Solid State Communications 152, 2023 (2012). CrossRef A. P. Durajski, R. Szczęśniak, M.W. Jarosik, "Properties of the superconducting state in compressed sulphur", Phase Transitions 85, 727 (2012). CrossRef R. Szczęśniak, A. P. Durajski, "The thermodynamic properties of the high-pressure superconducting state in the hydrogen-rich compounds", Solid State Sciences 25, 45 (2013). CrossRef X. Wang, A. Miranowicz, H.R. Li, F. Nori, "Multiple-output microwave single-photon source using superconducting circuits with longitudinal and transverse couplings", Phys. Rev. A 94, 053858, (2016). CrossRef Y.X. Liu, X.W. Xu, A. Miranowicz, F. Nori, "From blockade to transparency: Controllable photon transmission through a circuit-QED system", Phys. Rev. A 89, 043818 (2014). CrossRef M.K. Olsen, "Spreading of entanglement and steering along small Bose-Hubbard chains", Phys. Rev. A 92, 033627 (2015). CrossRef E.G. Cavalcanti, Q.Y. He, M.D. Reid, H.M. Wiseman, "Unified criteria for multipartite quantum nonlocality", Phys. Rev. A 84, 032115 (2011). CrossRef

Статтю присвячено дослідженню стратегії дискредитації, що є специфічною лінгвопрагматичною характеристикою сучасного англомовного дипломатичного дискурсу, а саме мовленнєвим тактикам, що сприяють її реалізації в дискурсі дипломатів США, зокрема в промовах чотирьох американських дипломатів – Саманти Пауер, Вікторії Нуланд, Джеффрі Пайєтта та Деніела Байєра – стосовно військового конфлікту на сході України, виголошених упродовж 2013–2015 рр. У чотирьох досліджуваних мовців, основними виявились дві тактики: тактика згадування в негативному світлі та звинувачення, які найповніше та найчастотніше реалізують стратегію дискредитації в мовленні дипломатів переважно через прямі асертивні мовленнєві акти, що безумовно свідчить про стверджувальний характер мовлення в текстах промов усіх чотирьох дипломатів. Відтак встановлено, що провідними мовленнєвими тактиками реалізації стратегії дискредитації в англомовному дипломатичному дискурсі є тактики згадування в негативному світлі та звинувачення. Ці мовленнєві тактики реалізуються в англомовному дипломатичному дискурсі прямими асертивними мовленнєвими актами, а також їм притаманні певні лінгвальні маркери. Література References D’Acquisto, G. (2017). Linguistic Analysis of Diplomatic Discourse: UN Resolutions on the Question of Palestine. UK : Cambridge Scolars Publishing. Donahue, R. (1997) Diplomatic Discourse: International Conflict at the United Nations. London : Greenwood Publishing Group. Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: CUP. McClellan, M. Public Diplomacy in the Context of Traditional Diplomacy. Retrieved from: http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/45.htm Newmann, I. (2002). Returning Practice to the Linguistic Turn: The Case of Diplomacy. Millenium: Journal of International Studies, 31(3), 627-651. Pratkanis, A. (2009). Public Diplomacy in International Conflicts. A Social Influence Analysis. Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. California, 2009. Schuster, J. (2015). Diplomatic Discourse. Lulu.com. Scotto di Carlo G. (2015). “Weasel words” in legal and diplomatic discourse : vague nouns and phrases in UN resolutions relating to the second Gulf war. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 28(3), 559-576. Snow, N. (2009). Rethinking Public Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. London. Беляков М. Характер эмотивности дипломатического дискурса. Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Лингвистика, 2015. C. 124-131. Вебер Е. Опыт лингвистического исследования когнитивного диссонанса в английском дипломатическом дискурсе : автореф. дис. на соиск. науч. ст. канд. фил. наук : 10.02.04 «Германские языки». И., 2004. Голованова Д. Интердискурсивность дипломатического дискурса. Известия Волгоградского государственного педагогического университета. Сер. : Филологические науки, 2014, 7. C. 25-30. Зонова Т. Современная модель дипломатии. Истоки становления и перспективы развития. М.: РОССПЭН, 2003. Кащишин Н. Диференціація таксономічних одиниць англомовного дипломатичного дискурсу. Східноєвропейський журнал психолінгвістики, 2014, 1(2). C. 54-62. Кожетева А. Лингвопрагматические характеристики дипломатического дискурса [Элек­т­ронный ресурс] : дис. на соиск. науч. ст. канд. филол. наук: спец. 10.02.19 «Теория языка». Москва, 2012. – Режим доступа : http://www.dissercat.com/content/ lingvopragmaticheskie-kharakteristiki-diplomaticheskogo-diskursa Мельник І. В. Типи комунікативних стратегій. Studia Linguistica, 2011, №5. C. 377-380. Судус Ю. Лінгвопрагматичні засоби реалізації стратегії дискредитації в американському дипломатичному мовленні (на матеріалі промов Дж. Р. Пайєтта). Вісник Львівського у-ту. Серія: Іноземні мови. Львів, 2016, №23. С. 47-56. Судус Ю. Мовленнєві засоби реалізації стратегії дискредитації в англомовному дипломатичному дискурсі. Актуальні питання іноземної філології. Луцьк: Східноєвроп. нац. ун-т ім. Лесі Українки, 2016, №5. С. 152-160. Судус Ю. Прагматичні засоби реалізації стратегії дискредитації в американському дипломатичному мовленні (на матеріалі промов Д. Б. Байєра). Науковий часопис НПУ імені М. П. Драгоманова. Київ, 2015, №13. С. 108-115. Судус Ю. “Weasel words” як один з прийомів реалізації стратегії дискредитації в англомовному дипломатичному дискурсі (на матеріалі промов С. Пауер, В. Нуланд,Д. Байєра, Дж. Пайєтта). Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Серія: філологія. – Запоріжжя, 2016, №1. С. 237-244. Терентий Л. Дипломатический дискурс как особая форма политической коммуникации. Вопросы когнитивной лингвистики. 2010, №1. С. 47-56. References (translated and transliterated) D’Acquisto, G. (2017). Linguistic Analysis of Diplomatic Discourse: UN Resolutions on the Question of Palestine. UK : Cambridge Scolars Publishing. Donahue, R. (1997) Diplomatic Discourse : International Conflict at the United Nations. London : Greenwood Publishing Group. Gumperz, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge : CUP. McClellan, M. Public Diplomacy in the Context of Traditional Diplomacy. Retrieved from http://www.publicdiplomacy.org/45.htm Newmann, I. (2002). Returning Practice to the Linguistic Turn : The Case of Diplomacy. Millenium : Journal of International Studies, 31(3), 627-651. Pratkanis, A. (2009). Public Diplomacy in International Conflicts. A Social Influence Analysis. Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. California, 2009. Schuster, J. (2015). Diplomatic Discourse. Lulu.com. Scotto di Carlo G. (2015). “Weasel words” in legal and diplomatic discourse : vague nouns and phrases in UN resolutions relating to the second Gulf war. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 28(3), 559-576. Snow, N. (2009). Rethinking Public Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy. London. Beliakov, M. (2015). Harakter emotivnosti diplomaticheskogo diskursa [The character of the diplomatic discourse's emotiveness]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo Universiteta Druzhby Narodov. Seriia: Lingvistika, 124-131. Veber, Ie. (2004). Opyt lingvisticheskogo issledovaniya kognitivnogo dissonansa v anglijskom diplomaticheskom diskurse. [Experience of linguistic research of cognitive dissonance in English diplomatic discourse]. Extended Summary of Ph.D. dissertation. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Linguistic University. Golovanova, D. (2014). Interdiskursivnost diplomaticheskogo diskursa [Interdiskursivity of diplomatic discourse]. Izvestiya Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Pedagogicheskogo Universiteta. Ser.: Filologicheskie Nauki, 7, 25-30. Zonova, T. (2003). Sovremennaya model diplomatii. Istoki stanovleniya i perspektivy razvitiya [Modern model of diplomacy. The origins and prospects of development]. Moscow: ROSSPEN. Kashchyshyn, N. (2014). Dyferentsiatsiia taksonomichnykh odynyts anhlomovnoho dyplomatychnoho dyskursu [Differentiation of taxonomic units of English-speaking diplomatic discourse], East European Journal of Psycholinguistics, 1(2), 54-62. Kozheteva, A. Lingvopragmaticheskie harakteristiki diplomaticheskogo diskursa [Linguistic and pragmatic peculiarities of diplomatic discourse]. Retrieved from: http://www.dissercat.com/ content/lingvopragmaticheskie-kharakteristiki-diplomaticheskogo-diskursa Melnyk, I. (2011). Typy komunikatyvnykh stratehii [Types of communicative strategies]. Studia Linguistica, 5, 377-380. Sudus, Yu. (2016). Linhvoprahmatychni zasoby realizatsii stratehii dyskredytatsii v amerykanskomu dyplomatychnomu movlenni (na materiali promov Dzh. R. Paiietta) [Linguopragmatic means of implementing of discrediting strategy in American diplomatic speech (based on the statements by G. Pyatt)]. Visnyk Lvivskoho Universytetu. Seriia: Inozemni Movy, 23, 47-56. Sudus, Yu (2016). Movlennievi zasoby realizatsii stratehii dyskredytatsii v anhlomovnomu dyplomatychnomu dyskursi [Language means of discrediting strategy implementation in English diplomatic discourse]. Aktualni Pytannia Inozemnoi Filolohii, 5, 152-160. Sudus, Yu (2015). Prahmatychni zasoby realizatsii stratehii dyskredytatsii v amerykanskomu dyplomatychnomu movlenni (na materiali promov D. B. Baiiera) [Pragmatic means of discrediting strategy implementation in the American diplomatic speech (based on the statements by D. Baer)]. Naukovyi chasopys NPU imeni M. P. Drahomanova, 13, 108-115. Sudus, Yu (2016). “Weasel words” yak odyn z pryiomiv realizatsii stratehii dyskredytatsii v anhlomovnomu dyplomatychnomu dyskursi (na materiali promov S. Pauer, V. Nuland, D. Baiiera, Dzh. Paiietta) ["Weasel words" as one of the methods of discrediting strategy implementation in the English-speaking diplomatic discourse (based on statements by S. Power, V. Nuland, D. Baer,G. Pyatt]. Visnyk Zaporizkoho Natsionalnoho Universytetu. Seriia: Filolohiia, 1, 237-244. Terentii, L. (2010). Diplomaticheskij diskurs kak osobaya forma politicheskoj kommunikacii [Diplomatic discourse as a special form of political communication]. Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, 1, 47-56. Sources Baer D. April 16, 2015. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/statements/osce-violations-04162015.html Nuland V. April 9, 2014. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/statements/nuland-ukraine-04092014.html Nuland V. January 27, 2015. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/statements/nuland-transatlantic-resolve-01272015.html Power, S. August 28, 2014. Retrieved from: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/full-transcript-remarks-by-ambassador-samantha-power-us-permanent-representative-to-the-united-nations-at-a-security-council-session-on-ukraine/2014/08/28/b3f579b2-2ee8-11e4-bb9b-997ae96fad33_story.html Power S. March 19, 2014. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/statements/power-ukraine-03192014.html Pyatt G. April 24, 2015. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/speeches/pyatt-vox-ukraine-conf-04242015.html Pyatt G. January 31, 2014. Retrieved from: http://ukraine.usembassy.gov/statements/amb-ukraine.html

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a heterogeneous disease with varying prognosis owing to differences in clinical, laboratory, and disease parameters. Although FL is considered incurable disease with standard chemotherapy, advances in treatment have improved disease its management and clinical outcomes. Treatment for relapsed or refractory patients is influenced by initial first-line therapy and the duration and quality of the response. Presently, there is no consensus for treatment of patients with early or multiple relapsed disease; however, numerous drugs, combination regimens, and transplant options have demonstrated efficacy. Considering that there is no consensus to treat such patients, we are reporting this case. A 37-yo woman presented in Sep 2005 with abdominal masses, constitutional symptoms and two years of recurrence of urinary and pelvic infections, with previous lymph nodes biopsies revealing hiperplasia. At this time grade I FL, stage IVB, with bone marrow involved was done. There was no response to four cycles of Rituximab and three of COP. In Jan 2006 a histological review confirmed the diagnosis. Then she underwent to six cycles of R-CHOP 21, resulting in complete remission (CR) was ruled out. Consolidation therapy consisted to IL-2 monthly four cycles, and an eight quarterly Rituximab for two years. Supportive care with polyclonal immunoglobuline infusion monthly was demanded to overcome frequent urinary and respiratory infections. After nine years, Dec 2015, constitutional symptoms returned and PET/CT was positive in mediastinum and there was bone marrow involvement. From Jan to Jun 2016, 6 cycles of Rituximab and Chlorambucil was done, and after the second one she complicated with pulmonary aspergillosis and there underwent voriconazole for 18 months. In Jul and Nov 2016 PET/CT revealed a second CR. Just four months later, BMB and pulmonary infiltrated disclosed a new relapse. Four cycles of Fludarabine 30 mg/m², Mitoxantrone 8 mg/m², Rituximab 375 mg/m² and dexamethasone were attempted, since Apr to Jul 2017. A fosfomycin therapy was done to prevent a recurrence of Escherichia coli multi-resistant urinary tract infections. The patient achieved a third CR at PET/CT in Aug 2017. Based on the last rapidly progression of the disease, and bone marrow involvement in all relapses, we proposed an allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). But she didn't have a match related donor. So, her twelve years old son was considered as an haploidentical donor. A reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) was performed with Cyclophosphamide 14.5 mg/Kg D-6 and D-5, Fludarabine 30 mg/m² D-6 to D-3, TBI 200 cGy at D-1. A double source of stem cells: primed-bone marrow (TNC 4.49 x 10⁸/Kg) plus peripheral blood stem cell (4.48 x 10⁶ CD34+/Kg) was infused on Oct-10-2017. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of Cyclophosphamide 50 mg/Kg at D+3 and D+4 (PT-Cy), Tacrolimus and MMF starting at D+5, and G-CSF from D+5 until neutrophil engraftment. The neutrophil engraftment reached at D+14. Cytokine Releasing Syndrome, febrile neutropenia, rectal prolapse and grade I/II acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) were immediate complications. Discharge occurred at day +18. CMV PCR positive was preemptive treated from Nov to Dec 2017. Steroid therapy was given for grade II aGvHD, Nov 2017 till Dec 2018. She had an Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome from Feb to Oct 2018; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, from Jul to Aug 2018; Rhino and B Influenza upper airway infection on Mar 2019. A complete chimerism was achieve at +100, +180 and +365 days. PET/CT confirmed CR at D+180 and +365. At the present she is off treatment since Jan 2019. In this situation a double source haplo-SCT was a successfully therapy overcame the complicated comorbidities before transplantation, with a good quality of life nowadays. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Degree-days may be an alternative for predicting the influence of temperature on physiological aspects of plants in a changing climate. The objective of this research was to evaluate the relation between cumulative degree-days index (∑G) and the development, growth, and water consumption of irrigated bean under different soil tillage systems (STS). We developed an experiment in Southeast Brazil in plots managed with the following STS: chisel ploughing (CP), disk ploughing (DP), and revolving hoe (RH). The treatments did not influence the crop phenology when correlated to∑G. The parameters of canopy ground cover, leaf area index, total dry matter, and the plant height presented a highly significant relationship with∑G(P<0.05). We also compared the results of field water balance with a simulation developed between the crop coefficient and∑Gand found a strong relationship (R2= 0.93∗∗; ∗∗: high statistical significance (P<0.01)) between these measurements and the model. The total water consumption measured at the irrigated bean crop reached 383 mm, 386 mm, and 375 mm while that simulated from dual crop coefficient approach based on∑Greached 378 mm, 373 mm, and 349 mm to CP, DP, and RH, respectively, representing a mean difference of 4.2%.

Fine chemistry historically relies on the fossil fuel industry, implying oil extraction and refining [1]. The rarefaction of this resource and adverse environmental consequences of its extraction motivate research for alternative sources of chemicals. Low carbon footprint chemicals can be synthesized from nonedible biomass waste [2]; cellulose extracted from biomass can therefore play an important role, being a clean and widely accessible carbon source. One can extract D-Glucose (units that constitute cellulose) from cellulose and obtain numerous chemicals of interest, such as sorbitol [3][4] or gluconic acid [5][6] (gluconate in alkaline media), respectively by selective reduction or oxidation. Searching for high-performance non-enzymatic catalysts to perform such reactions brought us to study the activity and selectivity of gold and nickel in alkaline media. At the anode, results from differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) seem to indicate that the glucose oxidation on a gold surface initiates by its dissociative adsorption (dehydrogenation): the dihydrogen (H2) produced likely originates from the formation of metastable H adsorbates (Had) [7] that diffuse onto the surface [8] and recombine into H2. In parallel, the adsorbed glucose oxidizes into value-added products such as gluconic acid, through a mechanism proposed from in situ (Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy, FTIR) and ex situ (products analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC) observations, and on the evaluation of the number of exchanged electrons using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE). Confronting the experimental data to a microkinetics model enables to validate the proposed mechanism and to estimate the kinetics rate constants. At the cathode, the glucose reduction reaction (GRR) into sorbitol competes with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The HER activity of nickel strongly depends on its surface oxidation state [9], which can be tuned to search the best selectivity towards sorbitol. Combining high value-added compounds production with H2 as by-product allows to improve the overall energy efficiency of this electrolysis. [1] P. G. Levi and J. M. Cullen, “Mapping global flows of chemicals: from fossil fuel feedstocks to chemical products,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1725–1734, 2018, doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04573. [2] D. Saygin, D. J. Gielen, M. Draeck, E. Worrell, and M. K. Patel, “Assessment of the technical and economic potentials of biomass use for the production of steam, chemicals and polymers,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 40, pp. 1153–1167, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.114. [3] B. García, J. Moreno, G. Morales, J. A. Melero, and J. Iglesias, “Production of sorbitol via catalytic transfer hydrogenation of glucose,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 5, 2020, doi: 10.3390/app10051843. [4] X. Guo et al., “Selective hydrogenation of D-glucose to D-sorbitol over Ru/ZSM-5 catalysts,” Chinese J. Catal., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 733–740, May 2014, doi: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60077-2. [5] H. S. Isbell, H. L. Frush, and F. J. Bates, “Manufacture of calcium gluconate by electrolytic oxidation of dextrose,” Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 375–378, 1932, doi: 10.1021/ie50268a003. [6] S. Anastassiadis and I. Morgunov, “Gluconic acid production,” Recent Pat. Biotechnol., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 167–180, May 2007, doi: 10.2174/187220807780809472. [7] M. M. Jaksic, B. Johansen, and R. Tunold, “Electrochemical behaviour of gold in acidic and alkaline solutions of heavy and regular water,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 91–110, Feb. 1993, doi: 10.1016/0360-3199(93)90196-H. [8] J. Cornejo-Romero, A. Solis-Garcia, S. M. Vega-Diaz, and J. C. Fierro-Gonzalez, “Reverse hydrogen spillover during ethanol dehydrogenation on TiO2-supported gold catalysts,” Mol. Catal., vol. 433, pp. 391–402, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.02.041. [9] A. G. Oshchepkov et al., “Nanostructured nickel nanoparticles supported on vulcan carbon as a highly active catalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline media,” J. Power Sources, vol. 402, no. June, pp. 447–452, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.09.051. Figure 1

Hoy por hoy, la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) es una nueva forma de enfocar las organizaciones, y de tener un poco de conciencia o respeto hacia los diferentes medios o entornos en los cuales éstas desarrollan sus actividades empresariales. Aparte de ello se puede mencionar que, aunque no existe una gran cantidad de organizaciones pertenecientes al sector secundario, encargado de transformar la materia prima en un bien final, existe una amplia cantidad de pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) del sector primario en la región amazónica, que realizan actividades como la extracción de madera, carbón, peces, producción de ganado, entre otras, acciones que perjudican toda la biodiversidad de la Amazonía colombiana. El presente artículo es de enfoque cualitativo y tipo metodológico descriptivo, ya que se buscó caracterizar el impacto de la RSE en la Amazonía colombiana por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas. Referencias: Acero, R. (2016). Lineamientos estratégicos para la incorporación congruente de la variable ambiental en los planes y esquemas de ordenamiento territorial de Colombia (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad de Chile. Recuperado de http://mgpa.forestaluchile.cl/Tesis/Acero%20Ronald.pdf Agudelo, E. (2015). Bases científicas para contribuir a la gestión de la pesquería comercial de bagres (familia pimelodidae) en la Amazonía colombiana y sus zonas de frontera. Recuperado de https://ddd.uab.cat/record/142475 Agudelo, S. (2009). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Una mirada desde Colombia. Revista de Negocios Internacionales, 2(1), 3‐11. Altuna, M. (2013). Los Factores de la Responsabilidad Social: El Análisis de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas Manufactureras Guipuzcoanas. Azkoaga, 16, 149-172. Anónimo. (s.f.). La RSE. “Modelo de Buena Práctica Empresarial”. Recuperado de https://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/ tgcontaduria/article/viewFile/323512/20780676 Arenas, A., Escobar, E., Acosta, J., Monsalve, L. y Oyola, E. (2012). RSE “Moda o Compromiso Real” (Trabajo de Grado). Universidad de Medellín. Medellín, Colombia. Recuperado de http://repository.udem.edu.co/bitstream/handle/11407/357/ Responsabilidad%20social%20empresarial.%20%E2%80%9CModa% 20o%20compromiso%20 real%E2%80%9D.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Aristimuño, M. y Rodríguez, C. (2014), Responsabilidad social universitaria. Su gestión desde la perspectiva de directivos y docentes. Estudio de caso: una pequeña universidad latinoamericana. Interciencia, 39(6), 375-382. Baltera, P., Díaz, E. y Dussert, J. (2005). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Alcances y Potencialidades en Materia Laboral. Cuaderno de Investigación N° 25. Recuperado de http://www.dt.gob.cl/portal/1626/articles-88984_recurso_1.pdf Barrena, A. (2012). La protección de las especies silvestres, especial tratamiento de la protección en situ (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Alicante. Recuperada de https://rua.ua.es/dspace/handle/10045/28038Bencomo, T. (2007). Desarrollo de las TIC y la formación profesional. http://www.saber.ula.ve/bitstream/handle/123456789/25149/articulo1.pdf; jsessionid=A8697326F48141C4F9366A86EA3CED46?sequence=2 Buriticá, L. (2011). La RSE y su Relación Teórica con la Gestión del Talento Humano. Universidad de Manizales (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad de Manizales. Recuperado de http://ridum.umanizales.edu.co:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/6789/297/Buritica_ Castro_Lida_Marcela_ 2011.pdf?sequence= Camejo, A. y Cejas, M. (2009). Responsabilidad social: factor clave de la gestión de los recursos humanos en las organizaciones del siglo XXI. Nómadas, Critical Journal of Social and Juridical Sciences, 21(1), 127-142. Cardona, C. y Giraldo, L. (2010). Estandarización de Indicadores de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial Propuestas por Organizaciones de Reconocimiento Mundial (Trabajo de Grado). Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Recuperado de http://repositorio.utp.edu.co/dspace/bitstream/handle/11059/1549/ 658408C268. pdf;jsessionid=A24F7FD84FFE4F942F3159EE7AB68BF7?sequence=1 Congreso de la República de Colombia. (2000). Ley 590 de 2000 “por la cual se dicta disposiciones para promover el desarrollo de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas”. Bogotá, Colombia. Recuperada de http://www.alcaldiabogota.gov.co/sisjur/normas/Norma1.jsp?i=12672 Curatola, G. (2011). Patrones de distribución espacial de Triplaris Americana en Tambopata, Perú. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Recuperado de http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/454 De La Cuadra, F. (2013). Cambio climático, movimientos sociales y políticas públicas, una vinculación necesaria. Recuperado de https://journals.openedition.org/polis/9651 Delgado, V. y Olarte, M. (2012). Responsabilidad social corporativa en el sector de la televisión. Un estudio longitudinal de las memorias de sostenibilidad. Revista Internacional de Investigación en Comunicación aDResearch ESIC, 6(6), 112-129. Delgado, Y., Herrera, N. y Gallón, C. (2014). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: una mirada a la aplicación en el sector transporte público automotor. Trabajos de Grado Contaduría Pública, 8(1), 1-29. Duque, Y., Cardona, M. y Rendón, J. (2013). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: Teorías, índices, estándares y certificaciones. Cuadernos de Administración, 29(50), 196-206. Escamilla, S., Jiménez, I. y Prado, C. (2013). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, una forma de crear valor. Madrid, España: Editorial Académica Española. Fernández, C. (2012). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: Cultura y Medio ambiente (Tesis de Posgrado). Recuperado de http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112084 Franco, C. (s.f.). Dinámica de construcción de una nueva sociedad desde los negocios. Recuperado de http://interamerican-usa.com/articulos/Gob-Corp-Adm/Responsabilidad%20Social%20Carolina%20Franco[1].pdf García, M. y Duque, J. (2012). Gestión Humana y Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: un enfoque estratégico para la vinculación de prácticas responsables a las Organizaciones. Libre Empresa, 17, 13-37. Gil, F. (2013). La responsabilidad social universitaria desde la perspectiva ambiental: universidad y desarrollo sustentable (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Recuperado de http://132.248.9.195/ptd2013/agosto/0700625/0700625.pdf Gómez, M. (2010). La Gestión y la Información sobre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial de las PYMES: la Necesidad de Diferenciación. Contaduría Universidad de Antioquia, 56, 15-40. Gómez-Villegas, M. y Quintanilla, D. (2012). Los informes de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: su evolución y tendencias en el contexto internacional colombiano. Cuadernos de Contaduría, 13(32), 121-158. Gómez, H. (2014). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en la municipalidad de Huehuetenango (Trabajo de Grado). Universidad Rafael Landívar. Recuperado de http://biblio3.url.edu.gt/Tesario/2014/01/01/Gomez-Helen.pdf Guerra, F., Higuera, K., Molina, F. y Villagrán, P. (2015). Estudio comparativo sobre responsabilidad social entre empresas y países. Recuperado de http://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/131943/ Estudio%20comparativo %20sobre% 20responsa.pdf Henao, J. (2013). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como Estrategia de Gestión en la Organización Pranha S.A. (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Recuperado de http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/12095/1/7711507.2013.pdf Lara, M. (2003). La responsabilidad social de la empresa: implicaciones contables. España: Editorial Edisofer S.L. López, I. (2014). El cambio climático, ¿reto para la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial? Revista Internacional de Organizaciones, 13, 39-53. Mantilla, M. (2012). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y Población Indígena Colombiana. Bogotá, Colombia: Fondo de Publicaciones de la Universidad Sergio Arboleda. Méndez-Beltrán, J. y Peralta-Borray, D. (2014). Reflexiones respecto a la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la creación de valor económico desde la perspectiva de los proveedores. Cuadernos de Contabilidad, 15(38), 625-645. Meza, A. (2007). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como factor de competitividad (Trabajo de Grado). Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Recuperado de http://www.javeriana.edu.co/biblos/tesis/economia/tesis27.pdf Milian, L. (2015). Responsabilidad social corporativa. Origen y evolución del concepto de RSC en el entorno empresarial europeo y español. Recuperado de https://repositorio.comillas.edu/rest/bitstreams/7232/retrieve Montoya, J. (2011). Plan de educación ambiental para el desarrollo sostenible en los colegios de la institución La Salle. Recuperado de https://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/41714 Montoya, B. y Martínez, P. (Coord.). (2012). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: Una Respuesta Ética ante los Desafíos Globales. Recuperado de http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_37565-1522-4-30.pdf?140425034037 Navarro, F. (2008). Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: Teoría y Práctica. Recensiones, Revista del Ministerio de Trabajo e Inmigración, 76, 193-195. Núñez, I., González, E. y Barahona, A. (2003). La biodiversidad: historia y contexto de un concepto. Interciencia, 28(7), 387-393. Observatorio de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Comisión Europea. (2001). Libro Verde: Fomentar un Marco Europeo para la Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas. Recuperado de https://observatoriorsc.org/libro-verde-fomentar-un-marco-europeo-para-la-responsabilidad-social-de-las-empresas/ Ortiz, P. (2009). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial como base de la estrategia competitiva de HZX (Trabajo de Grado). Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia. Recuperado de https://repository.javeriana.edu.co/handle/10554/9169 Pérez, C. (2014). Acuerdos ambientales multilaterales para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Análisis de cumplimiento en Chile (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad de Chile. Recuperado de http://mgpa.forestaluchile.cl/Tesis/Perez%20Cristian.pdf Porter, M. & Kramer, M. (2011). Creating Shared Value. Recuperado de https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value Puentes, R., Antequeras, J. y Velasco, M. (2008). La responsabilidad social corporativa y su importancia en el espacio europeo de educación superior. Recuperado de https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2740076 Rodríguez, Y., Alemán, R., Domínguez, J., Soria, S., Hernández, H. Salazar, C. y Jara, A. (2016). Efecto de dos abonos orgánicos (compost y biol) sobre el desarrollo morfológico de Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla bajo condiciones de invernadero. Revista Amazónica Ciencia y Tecnología, 5(2), 103-117. Ruiz, J. (2013). Diseño de Modelo de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en PYME Constructora Araucana (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Orinoquia. Recuperado de http://www.bdigital.unal.edu.co/10192/1/7709579.2013.pdf Saavedra, M. (2011). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y las Finanzas. Cuadernos de administración, 27(46), 39-54. Sabogal, J. (2008). Aproximación y cuestionamientos al concepto RSE. Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 16(1), 179-195. Sánchez-Calero, J. (2013). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y la buena administración. GCG Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 7(3), 103-114. Sanín, S. y Redondo, J. (2008). Aplicación de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en el Proyecto de Infraestructura Vial Concesión Santa Marta - Paraguachón con respecto a los stakeholders comunitarios (Trabajo de Grado). Fundación Universidad del Norte. Barranquilla. Recuperado de http://manglar.uninorte.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10584/ 127/39.773.438.%20doc. pdf? sequence=1 Sarmiento, S. (2011). La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: gestión estratégica para la supervivencia de las empresas. Revista Dimens, 9(2), 6-15. Vargas, O. (2011). Restauración ecológica: Biodiversidad y conservación. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 16(2), 221-246. Vargas, L. (2017). Estrategias de gestión empresarial sostenible para el complejo turístico Paraíso escondido de la ciudad Ibarra. Recuperado de http://dspace.uniandes.edu.ec/handle/123456789/5827 Vásquez, Y. (2015). Evaluación sociocultural de servicios ecosistémicos del Parque Nacional de Cutervo, región Cajamarca-Perú (Tesis de Maestría). Universidad de Chile. Recuperada de http://mgpa.forestaluchile.cl/Tesis/Vasquez%20Yaneth.pdf Vives, A. y Peinado-Vara, E. (Eds.). (2011). Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. La responsabilidad social de la empresa en América Latina. Recuperado de https://publications.iadb.org/bitstream/handle/11319/5383/ La%20responsabilidad%20social%20de%20la%20empresa%20en% 20Am%C3%A9rica%20Latina %20.pdf?sequence=1 World Resources Institute (WRI), Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) y Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA). (1992). Estrategia Global para la Biodiversidad. Guía para quienes toman decisiones. Recuperado de http://pdf.wri.org/estrategiabiodiversidadespguia_bw.pdf

Climate change induced sea-level rise (SLR) is on its increase globally. Regionally the lowlands of China, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and islands of the Malaysian, Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the world’s most threatened regions. Sea-level rise has major impacts on the ecosystems and society. It threatens coastal populations, economic activities, and fragile ecosystems as mangroves, coastal salt-marches and wetlands. This paper provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of sea level-rise and its effects on both human and natural ecosystems. The focus is on coastal urban areas and low lying deltas in South-East Asia and Vietnam, as one of the most threatened areas in the world. About 3 mm per year reflects the growing consensus on the average SLR worldwide. The trend speeds up during recent decades. The figures are subject to local, temporal and methodological variation. In Vietnam the average values of 3.3 mm per year during the 1993-2014 period are above the worldwide average. Although a basic conceptual understanding exists that the increasing global frequency of the strongest tropical cyclones is related with the increasing temperature and SLR, this relationship is insufficiently understood. Moreover the precise, complex environmental, economic, social, and health impacts are currently unclear. SLR, storms and changing precipitation patterns increase flood risks, in particular in urban areas. Part of the current scientific debate is on how urban agglomeration can be made more resilient to flood risks. Where originally mainly technical interventions dominated this discussion, it becomes increasingly clear that proactive special planning, flood defense, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation, and flood recovery are important, but costly instruments. Next to the main focus on SLR and its effects on resilience, the paper reviews main SLR associated impacts: Floods and inundation, salinization, shoreline change, and effects on mangroves and wetlands. The hazards of SLR related floods increase fastest in urban areas. This is related with both the increasing surface major cities are expected to occupy during the decades to come and the increasing coastal population. In particular Asia and its megacities in the southern part of the continent are increasingly at risk. The discussion points to complexity, inter-disciplinarity, and the related uncertainty, as core characteristics. An integrated combination of mitigation, adaptation and resilience measures is currently considered as the most indicated way to resist SLR today and in the near future.References Aerts J.C.J.H., Hassan A., Savenije H.H.G., Khan M.F., 2000. Using GIS tools and rapid assessment techniques for determining salt intrusion: Stream a river basin management instrument. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 265-273. Doi: 10.1016/S1464-1909(00)00014-9. Alongi D.M., 2002. Present state and future of the world’s mangrove forests. Environmental Conservation, 29, 331-349. Doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000231 Alongi D.M., 2015. The impact of climate change on mangrove forests. Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 1, 30-39. Doi: 10.1007/s404641-015-0002-x. Anderson F., Al-Thani N., 2016. Effect of sea level rise and groundwater withdrawal on seawater intrusion in the Gulf Coast aquifer: Implications for agriculture. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 4, 116-124. Doi: 10.4236/gep.2016.44015. Anguelovski I., Chu E., Carmin J., 2014. Variations in approaches to urban climate adaptation: Experiences and experimentation from the global South. Global Environmental Change, 27, 156-167. Doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.05.010. Arustienè J., Kriukaitè J., Satkunas J., Gregorauskas M., 2013. Climate change and groundwater - From modelling to some adaptation means in example of Klaipèda region, Lithuania. In: Climate change adaptation in practice. P. Schmidt-Thomé, J. Klein Eds. John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, UK., 157-169. Bamber J.L., Aspinall W.P., Cooke R.M., 2016. A commentary on “how to interpret expert judgement assessments of twenty-first century sea-level rise” by Hylke de Vries and Roderik S.W. Van de Wal. Climatic Change, 137, 321-328. Doi: 10.1007/s10584-016-1672-7. Barnes C., 2014. Coastal population vulnerability to sea level rise and tropical cyclone intensification under global warming. BSc-thesis. Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Alberta Canada. Be T.T., Sinh B.T., Miller F., 2007. Challenges to sustainable development in the Mekong Delta: Regional and national policy issues and research needs. The Sustainable Mekong Research Network, Bangkok, Thailand, 1-210. Bellard C., Leclerc C., Courchamp F., 2014. Impact of sea level rise on 10 insular biodiversity hotspots. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 203-212. Doi: 10.1111/geb.12093. Berg H., Söderholm A.E., Sönderström A.S., Nguyen Thanh Tam, 2017. Recognizing wetland ecosystem services for sustainable rice farming in the Mekong delta, Vietnam. Sustainability Science, 12, 137-154. Doi: 10.1007/s11625-016-0409-x. Bilskie M.V., Hagen S.C., Medeiros S.C., Passeri D.L., 2014. Dynamics of sea level rise and coastal flooding on a changing landscape. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 927-934. Doi: 10.1002/2013GL058759. Binh T.N.K.D., Vromant N., Hung N.T., Hens L., Boon E.K., 2005. Land cover changes between 1968 and 2003 in Cai Nuoc, Ca Mau penisula, Vietnam. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 7, 519-536. Doi: 10.1007/s10668-004-6001-z. Blankespoor B., Dasgupta S., Laplante B., 2014. Sea-level rise and coastal wetlands. Ambio, 43, 996- 005.Doi: 10.1007/s13280-014-0500-4. Brockway R., Bowers D., Hoguane A., Dove V., Vassele V., 2006. A note on salt intrusion in funnel shaped estuaries: Application to the Incomati estuary, Mozambique.Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 66, 1-5. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.07.014. Cannaby H., Palmer M.D., Howard T., Bricheno L., Calvert D., Krijnen J., Wood R., Tinker J., Bunney C., Harle J., Saulter A., O’Neill C., Bellingham C., Lowe J., 2015. Projected sea level rise and changes in extreme storm surge and wave events during the 21st century in the region of Singapore. Ocean Sci. Discuss, 12, 2955-3001. Doi: 10.5194/osd-12-2955-2015. Carraro C., Favero A., Massetti E., 2012. Investment in public finance in a green, low carbon economy. Energy Economics, 34, S15-S18. Castan-Broto V., Bulkeley H., 2013. A survey ofurban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Global Environmental Change, 23, 92-102. Doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.07.005. Cazenave A., Le Cozannet G., 2014. Sea level rise and its coastal impacts. GeoHealth, 2, 15-34. Doi: 10.1002/2013EF000188. Chu M.L., Guzman J.A., Munoz-Carpena R., Kiker G.A., Linkov I., 2014. A simplified approach for simulating changes in beach habitat due to the combined effects of long-term sea level rise, storm erosion and nourishment. Environmental modelling and software, 52, 111-120. Doi.org/10.1016/j.envcsoft.2013.10.020. Church J.A. et al., 2013. Sea level change. In: Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Eds: Stocker T.F., Qin D., Plattner G.-K., Tignor M., Allen S.K., Boschung J., Nauels A., Xia Y., Bex V., Midgley P.M., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Connell J., 2016. Last days of the Carteret Islands? Climate change, livelihoods and migration on coral atolls. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 57, 3-15. Doi: 10.1111/apv.12118. Dasgupta S., Laplante B., Meisner C., Wheeler, Yan J., 2009. The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: A comparative analysis. Climatic Change, 93, 379-388. Doi: 10.1007/s 10584-008-9499-5. Delbeke J., Vis P., 2015. EU climate policy explained, 136p. Routledge, Oxon, UK. DiGeorgio M., 2015. Bargaining with disaster: Flooding, climate change, and urban growth ambitions in QuyNhon, Vietnam. Public Affairs, 88, 577-597. Doi: 10.5509/2015883577. Do Minh Duc, Yasuhara K., Nguyen Manh Hieu, 2015. Enhancement of coastal protection under the context of climate change: A case study of Hai Hau coast, Vietnam. Proceedings of the 10th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG, 1-8. Do Minh Duc, Yasuhara K., Nguyen Manh Hieu, Lan Nguyen Chau, 2017. Climate change impacts on a large-scale erosion coast of Hai Hau district, Vietnam and the adaptation. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 21, 47-62. Donner S.D., Webber S., 2014. Obstacles to climate change adaptation decisions: A case study of sea level rise; and coastal protection measures in Kiribati. Sustainability Science, 9, 331-345. Doi: 10.1007/s11625-014-0242-z. Driessen P.P.J., Hegger D.L.T., Bakker M.H.N., Van Renswick H.F.M.W., Kundzewicz Z.W., 2016. Toward more resilient flood risk governance. Ecology and Society, 21, 53-61. Doi: 10.5751/ES-08921-210453. Duangyiwa C., Yu D., Wilby R., Aobpaet A., 2015. Coastal flood risks in the Bangkok Metropolitan region, Thailand: Combined impacts on land subsidence, sea level rise and storm surge. American Geophysical Union, Fall meeting 2015, abstract#NH33C-1927. Duarte C.M., Losada I.J., Hendriks I.E., Mazarrasa I., Marba N., 2013. The role of coastal plant communities for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Nature Climate Change, 3, 961-968. Doi: 10.1038/nclimate1970. Erban L.E., Gorelick S.M., Zebker H.A., 2014. Groundwater extraction, land subsidence, and sea-level rise in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Research Letters, 9, 1-20. Doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084010. FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2007.The world’s mangroves 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper, 153, Rome, Italy. Farbotko C., 2010. Wishful sinking: Disappearing islands, climate refugees and cosmopolitan experimentation. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 51, 47-60. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8373.2010.001413.x. Goltermann D., Ujeyl G., Pasche E., 2008. Making coastal cities flood resilient in the era of climate change. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on flood defense: Managing flood risk, reliability and vulnerability, 148-1-148-11. Toronto, Canada. Gong W., Shen J., 2011. The response of salt intrusion to changes in river discharge and tidal mixing during the dry season in the Modaomen Estuary, China.Continental Shelf Research, 31, 769-788. Doi: 10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.011. Gosian L., 2014. Protect the world’s deltas. Nature, 516, 31-34. Graham S., Barnett J., Fincher R., Mortreux C., Hurlimann A., 2015. Towards fair outcomes in adaptation to sea-level rise. Climatic Change, 130, 411-424. Doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1171-7. COASTRES-D-12-00175.1. Güneralp B., Güneralp I., Liu Y., 2015. Changing global patterns of urban expoàsure to flood and drought hazards. Global Environmental Change, 31, 217-225. Doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.01.002. Hallegatte S., Green C., Nicholls R.J., Corfee-Morlot J., 2013. Future flood losses in major coastal cities. Nature Climate Change, 3, 802-806. Doi: 10.1038/nclimate1979. Hamlington B.D., Strassburg M.W., Leben R.R., Han W., Nerem R.S., Kim K.-Y., 2014. Uncovering an anthropogenic sea-level rise signal in the Pacific Ocean. Nature Climate Change, 4, 782-785. Doi: 10.1038/nclimate2307. Hashimoto T.R., 2001. Environmental issues and recent infrastructure development in the Mekong Delta: Review, analysis and recommendations with particular reference to large-scale water control projects and the development of coastal areas. Working paper series (Working paper No. 4). Australian Mekong Resource Centre, University of Sydney, Australia, 1-70. Hibbert F.D., Rohling E.J., Dutton A., Williams F.H., Chutcharavan P.M., Zhao C., Tamisiea M.E., 2016. Coral indicators of past sea-level change: A global repository of U-series dated benchmarks. Quaternary Science Reviews, 145, 1-56. Doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.019. Hinkel J., Lincke D., Vafeidis A., Perrette M., Nicholls R.J., Tol R.S.J., Mazeion B., Fettweis X., Ionescu C., Levermann A., 2014. Coastal flood damage and adaptation costs under 21st century sea-level rise. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 3292-3297. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1222469111. Hinkel J., Nicholls R.J., Tol R.S.J., Wang Z.B., Hamilton J.M., Boot G., Vafeidis A.T., McFadden L., Ganapolski A., Klei R.J.Y., 2013. A global analysis of erosion of sandy beaches and sea level rise: An application of DIVA. Global and Planetary Change, 111, 150-158. Doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.09.002. Huong H.T.L., Pathirana A., 2013. Urbanization and climate change impacts on future urban flooding in Can Tho city, Vietnam. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 379-394. Doi: 10.5194/hess-17-379-2013. Hurlimann A., Barnett J., Fincher R., Osbaldiston N., Montreux C., Graham S., 2014. Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea-level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 84-93. Doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.013. IMHEN-Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, 2011. Climate change vulnerability and risk assessment study for Ca Mau and KienGiang provinces, Vietnam. Hanoi, Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN), 250p. IMHEN-Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment, Ca Mau PPC, 2011. Climate change impact and adaptation study in The Mekong Delta - Part A: Ca Mau Atlas. Hanoi, Vietnam: Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology and Environment (IMHEN), 48p. IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014. Fifth assessment report. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Jevrejeva S., Jackson L.P., Riva R.E.M., Grinsted A., Moore J.C., 2016. Coastal sea level rise with warming above 2°C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 13342-13347. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605312113. Junk W.J., AN S., Finlayson C.M., Gopal B., Kvet J., Mitchell S.A., Mitsch W.J., Robarts R.D., 2013. Current state of knowledge regarding the world’s wetlands and their future under global climate change: A synthesis. Aquatic Science, 75, 151-167. Doi: 10.1007/s00027-012-0278-z. Jordan A., Rayner T., Schroeder H., Adger N., Anderson K., Bows A., Le Quéré C., Joshi M., Mander S., Vaughan N., Whitmarsh L., 2013. Going beyond two degrees? The risks and opportunities of alternative options. Climate Policy, 13, 751-769. Doi: 10.1080/14693062.2013.835705. Kelly P.M., Adger W.N., 2000. Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47, 325-352. Doi: 10.1023/A:1005627828199. Kirwan M.L., Megonigal J.P., 2013. Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rice. Nature, 504, 53-60. Doi: 10.1038/nature12856. Koerth J., Vafeidis A.T., Hinkel J., Sterr H., 2013. What motivates coastal households to adapt pro actively to sea-level rise and increased flood risk? Regional Environmental Change, 13, 879-909. Doi: 10.1007/s10113-12-399-x. Kontgis K., Schneider A., Fox J;,Saksena S., Spencer J.H., Castrence M., 2014. Monitoring peri urbanization in the greater Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area. Applied Geography, 53, 377-388. Doi: 10.1016/j.apgeogr.2014.06.029. Kopp R.E., Horton R.M., Little C.M., Mitrovica J.X., Oppenheimer M., Rasmussen D.J., Strauss B.H., Tebaldi C., 2014. Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide-gauge sites. Earth’s Future, 2, 383-406. Doi: 10.1002/2014EF000239. Kuenzer C., Bluemel A., Gebhardt S., Quoc T., Dech S., 2011. Remote sensing of mangrove ecosystems: A review.Remote Sensing, 3, 878-928. Doi: 10.3390/rs3050878. Lacerda G.B.M., Silva C., Pimenteira C.A.P., Kopp Jr. R.V., Grumback R., Rosa L.P., de Freitas M.A.V., 2013. Guidelines for the strategic management of flood risks in industrial plant oil in the Brazilian coast: Adaptive measures to the impacts of sea level rise. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19, 104-1062. Doi: 10.1007/s11027-013-09459-x. Lam Dao Nguyen, Pham Van Bach, Nguyen Thanh Minh, Pham Thi Mai Thy, Hoang Phi Hung, 2011. Change detection of land use and river bank in Mekong Delta, Vietnam using time series remotely sensed data. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2, 370-374. Doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-764x.2011.04.011. Lang N.T., Ky B.X., Kobayashi H., Buu B.C., 2004. Development of salt tolerant varieties in the Mekong delta. JIRCAS Project, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam, 152. Le Cozannet G., Rohmer J., Cazenave A., Idier D., Van de Wal R., de Winter R., Pedreros R., Balouin Y., Vinchon C., Oliveros C., 2015. Evaluating uncertainties of future marine flooding occurrence as sea-level rises. Environmental Modelling and Software, 73, 44-56. Doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.07.021. Le Cozannet G., Manceau J.-C., Rohmer J., 2017. Bounding probabilistic sea-level projections with the framework of the possible theory. Environmental Letters Research, 12, 12-14. Doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5528.Chikamoto Y., 2014. Recent Walker circulation strengthening and Pacific cooling amplified by Atlantic warming. Nature Climate Change, 4, 888-892. Doi: 10.1038/nclimate2330. Lovelock C.E., Cahoon D.R., Friess D.A., Gutenspergen G.R., Krauss K.W., Reef R., Rogers K., Saunders M.L., Sidik F., Swales A., Saintilan N., Le Xuan Tuyen, Tran Triet, 2015. The vulnerability of Indo-Pacific mangrove forests to sea-level rise. Nature, 526, 559-563. Doi: 10.1038/nature15538. MA Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends. Island Press, Washington DC, 266p. Masterson J.P., Fienen M.N., Thieler E.R., Gesch D.B., Gutierrez B.T., Plant N.G., 2014. Effects of sea level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics - ecohydrological implications. Ecohydrology, 7, 1064-1071. Doi: 10.1002/eco.1442. McGanahan G., Balk D., Anderson B., 2007. The rising tide: Assessing the risks of climate changes and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones.Environment and urbanization, 19, 17-37. Doi: 10.1177/095624780707960. McIvor A., Möller I., Spencer T., Spalding M., 2012. Reduction of wind and swell waves by mangroves. The Nature Conservancy and Wetlands International, 1-27. Merryn T., Pidgeon N., Whitmarsh L., Ballenger R., 2016. Expert judgements of sea-level rise at the local scale. Journal of Risk Research, 19, 664-685. Doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2015.1043568. Monioudi I.N., Velegrakis A.F., Chatzipavlis A.E., Rigos A., Karambas T., Vousdoukas M.I., Hasiotis T., Koukourouvli N., Peduzzi P., Manoutsoglou E., Poulos S.E., Collins M.B., 2017. Assessment of island beach erosion due to sea level rise: The case of the Aegean archipelago (Eastern Mediterranean). Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 449-466. Doi: 10.5194/nhess-17-449-2017. MONRE - Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2016. Scenarios of climate change and sea level rise for Vietnam. Publishing House of Environmental Resources and Maps Vietnam, Hanoi, 188p. Montz B.E., Tobin G.A., Hagelman III R.R., 2017. Natural hazards. Explanation and integration. The Guilford Press, NY, 445p. Morgan L.K., Werner A.D., 2014. Water intrusion vulnerability for freshwater lenses near islands. Journal of Hydrology, 508, 322-327. Doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.11.002. Muis S., Güneralp B., Jongman B., Aerts J.C.H.J., Ward P.J., 2015. Science of the Total Environment, 538, 445-457. Doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.068. Murray N.J., Clemens R.S., Phinn S.R., Possingham H.P., Fuller R.A., 2014. Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea. Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 12, 267-272. Doi: 10.1890/130260. Neumann B., Vafeidis A.T., Zimmermann J., Nicholls R.J., 2015a. Future coastal population growth and exposure to sea-level rise and coastal flooding. A global assessment. Plos One, 10, 1-22. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118571. Nguyen A. Duoc, Savenije H. H., 2006. Salt intrusion in multi-channel estuaries: a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, European Geosciences Union, 10, 743-754. Doi: 10.5194/hess-10-743-2006. Nguyen An Thinh, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh, Luong Thi Tuyen, Luc Hens, 2017. Tourism and beach erosion: Valuing the damage of beach erosion for tourism in the Hoi An, World Heritage site. Journal of Environment, Development and Sustainability. Nguyen An Thinh, Luc Hens (Eds.), 2018. Human ecology of climate change associated disasters in Vietnam: Risks for nature and humans in lowland and upland areas. Springer Verlag, Berlin.Nguyen An Thinh, Vu Anh Dung, Vu Van Phai, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh, Pham Minh Tam, Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang, Le Trinh Hai, Nguyen Viet Thanh, Hoang Khac Lich, Vu Duc Thanh, Nguyen Song Tung, Luong Thi Tuyen, Trinh Phuong Ngoc, Luc Hens, 2017. Human ecological effects of tropical storms in the coastal area of Ky Anh (Ha Tinh, Vietnam). Environ Dev Sustain, 19, 745-767. Doi: 10.1007/s/10668-016-9761-3. Nguyen Van Hoang, 2017. Potential for desalinization of brackish groundwater aquifer under a background of rising sea level via salt-intrusion prevention river gates in the coastal area of the Red River delta, Vietnam. Environment, Development and Sustainability. Nguyen Tho, Vromant N., Nguyen Thanh Hung, Hens L., 2008. Soil salinity and sodicity in a shrimp farming coastal area of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Environmental Geology, 54, 1739-1746. Doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0951-z. Nguyen Thang T.X., Woodroffe C.D., 2016. Assessing relative vulnerability to sea-level rise in the western part of the Mekong River delta. Sustainability Science, 11, 645-659. Doi: 10.1007/s11625-015-0336-2. Nicholls N.N., Hoozemans F.M.J., Marchand M., Analyzing flood risk and wetland losses due to the global sea-level rise: Regional and global analyses.Global Environmental Change, 9, S69-S87. Doi: 10.1016/s0959-3780(99)00019-9. Phan Minh Thu, 2006. Application of remote sensing and GIS tools for recognizing changes of mangrove forests in Ca Mau province. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Geoinformatics for Spatial Infrastructure Development in Earth and Allied Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 9-11 November, 1-17. Reise K., 2017. Facing the third dimension in coastal flatlands.Global sea level rise and the need for coastal transformations. Gaia, 26, 89-93. Renaud F.G., Le Thi Thu Huong, Lindener C., Vo Thi Guong, Sebesvari Z., 2015. Resilience and shifts in agro-ecosystems facing increasing sea-level rise and salinity intrusion in Ben Tre province, Mekong Delta. Climatic Change, 133, 69-84. Doi: 10.1007/s10584-014-1113-4. Serra P., Pons X., Sauri D., 2008. Land cover and land use in a Mediterranean landscape. Applied Geography, 28, 189-209. Shearman P., Bryan J., Walsh J.P., 2013.Trends in deltaic change over three decades in the Asia-Pacific Region. Journal of Coastal Research, 29, 1169-1183. Doi: 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00120.1. SIWRR-Southern Institute of Water Resources Research, 2016. Annual Report. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, 1-19. Slangen A.B.A., Katsman C.A., Van de Wal R.S.W., Vermeersen L.L.A., Riva R.E.M., 2012. Towards regional projections of twenty-first century sea-level change based on IPCC RES scenarios. Climate Dynamics, 38, 1191-1209. Doi: 10.1007/s00382-011-1057-6. Spencer T., Schuerch M., Nicholls R.J., Hinkel J., Lincke D., Vafeidis A.T., Reef R., McFadden L., Brown S., 2016. Global coastal wetland change under sea-level rise and related stresses: The DIVA wetland change model. Global and Planetary Change, 139, 15-30. Doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.018. Stammer D., Cazenave A., Ponte R.M., Tamisiea M.E., 2013. Causes of contemporary regional sea level changes. Annual Review of Marine Science, 5, 21-46. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172406. Tett P., Mee L., 2015. Scenarios explored with Delphi. In: Coastal zones ecosystems services. Eds., Springer, Berlin, Germany, 127-144. Tran Hong Hanh, 2017. Land use dynamics, its drivers and consequences in the Ca Mau province, Mekong delta, Vietnam. PhD dissertation, 191p. VUBPRESS Brussels University Press, ISBN 9789057186226, Brussels, Belgium. Tran Thuc, Nguyen Van Thang, Huynh Thi Lan Huong, Mai Van Khiem, Nguyen Xuan Hien, Doan Ha Phong, 2016. Climate change and sea level rise scenarios for Vietnam. Ministry of Natural resources and Environment. Hanoi, Vietnam. Tran Hong Hanh, Tran Thuc, Kervyn M., 2015. Dynamics of land cover/land use changes in the Mekong Delta, 1973-2011: A remote sensing analysis of the Tran Van Thoi District, Ca Mau province, Vietnam. Remote Sensing, 7, 2899-2925. Doi: 10.1007/s00254-007-0951-z Van Lavieren H., Spalding M., Alongi D., Kainuma M., Clüsener-Godt M., Adeel Z., 2012. Securing the future of Mangroves. The United Nations University, Okinawa, Japan, 53, 1-56. Water Resources Directorate. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2016. Available online: http://www.tongcucthuyloi.gov.vn/Tin-tuc-Su-kien/Tin-tuc-su-kien-tong-hop/catid/12/item/2670/xam-nhap-man-vung-dong-bang-song-cuu-long--2015---2016---han-han-o-mien-trung--tay-nguyen-va-giai-phap-khac-phuc. Last accessed on: 30/9/2016. Webster P.J., Holland G.J., Curry J.A., Chang H.-R., 2005. Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science, 309, 1844-1846. Doi: 10.1126/science.1116448. Were K.O., Dick O.B., Singh B.R., 2013. Remotely sensing the spatial and temporal land cover changes in Eastern Mau forest reserve and Lake Nakuru drainage Basin, Kenya. Applied Geography, 41, 75-86. Williams G.A., Helmuth B., Russel B.D., Dong W.-Y., Thiyagarajan V., Seuront L., 2016. Meeting the climate change challenge: Pressing issues in southern China an SE Asian coastal ecosystems. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 8, 373-381. Doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2016.07.002. Woodroffe C.D., Rogers K., McKee K.L., Lovdelock C.E., Mendelssohn I.A., Saintilan N., 2016. Mangrove sedimentation and response to relative sea-level rise. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8, 243-266. Doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034025.