Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „2015 j-482”

This study empirically examines oil price volatility and the impact of oil price changes on the growth of the economy and food security in Bangladesh. The study uses yearly data of macroeconomic variables from 1991 to 2015 and global food security index (GFSI) for the period 2012 to 2015. Furthermore, data of GFSI for previous four years have been simulated using exponential model. The GARCH (2, 1) model with minimum AIC postulates that volatility was high in the previous period and it has been continued to be lower in the current period (i.e. 2015). The co-integration test and error correction model exhibit that both in short-run and long-run case the increasing oil price negatively affected the growth of the economy. The simultaneous equations regression model using three-stage least squares estimator discloses that an increase in oil price declines the economic growth and food security simultaneously and significantly. Moreover, this study suggests that oil price volatility is not a good sign for the economy of Bangladesh, since, the country is an importer of crude oil, government policy should be quick responsive in relation to international oil market to create consistent oil market and sustainable economic development in Bangladesh. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 482–491, December 2018

RESUMENExposición del proyecto EpiCAT. Cartas familiares de Cataluña (siglos xvi-xix) y de la plataforma digital que recoge las cartas familiares de los fondos patrimoniales de Cataluña (España). Después de exponer las singularidades de esta investigación respecto a otros corpus epistolares digitales, se muestran las temáticas que pueden ser testimoniadas y los colectivos sociales que adquieren voz propia gracias al uso masivo de esta fuente y a la eficiente gestión de los metadatos. Palabras clave: cartas familiares, humanidades digitales, archivos patrimonialesTopónimos: CataluñaPeríodo: siglos xvi-xix, Edad Moderna ABSTRACTExplanation of the EpiCAT Project. Family Letters from Catalonia (XVI-XIX centuries) and the digital platform that collects family letters from the heritage funds of Catalonia (Spain). After exposing the singularities of this research with respect to other digital epistolary corpora, the themes that can be testified and the social groups that acquire their own voice thanks to the massive use of this source and the efficient management of metadata are shown. Keywords: family letters, digital humanities, heritage filesPlace names: CataloniaPeriod: 16th-19th centuries, early Modern Age REFERENCIASAntón Pelayo, J., La herencia cultural. Alfabetización y lectura en la ciudad de Girona (1747-1807). Bellaterra, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1998— “La teoría de la carta familiar (siglos xv-xix)”, Revista de Historia Moderna. Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, 37 (2019), pp. 95-125.Fernández Trabal, J., “Els arxius personals i patrimonials”, Dovella, 89 (2009), pp. 19-24.Gifre, P., Matas, J., Soler, S., Els arxius patrimonials, Girona, Documenta universitaria, 2002.Jornet i Benito, N., “La correspondencia integrada en los procesos judiciales del siglo xiv en Cataluña. Función y contenido”, en Sáez, Carlos y Castillo Gómez, A. (eds.), La correspondencia en la historia. Modelos y prácticas de la escritura epistolar, Madrid, Calambur, 2002, pp. 53-66.Méndez Rodríguez, E. M., “Metadatos y tesauros: aplicación de XML/RDF a los sistemas de organización del conocimiento en intranets”, en La gestión del conocimiento: retos y soluciones de los profesionales de la información, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco, 2000, pp. 211-220.Miralles Vieira, M. A., La correspondencia privada: un caso entre las causas secretas de la Chancillería de Valladolid, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, 2015. Trabajo de fin de grado (Grado en Historia) tutorizado por Irene Ruiz Albí.Palermo, M., “El ceod: un archivo de la escritura epistolar italiana del siglo xix”, Manuscrits. Revista d’Història Moderna, 29 (2011), pp. 107-114.Ravenek, W., Van Den Heuvel, C. y Gerritsen, G., “The ePistolarium: Origins and Techniques”, en Odijk, J. y van Hessen, A. (eds.), CLARIN in the Low Countries, Londres, Ubiquity Press, 2017, pp. 317-323.Sánchez Rubio, R. y Testón Núñez, I., “Al servicio de la Inquisición. Cartas y correspondencia privada en el Tribunal de Nueva España durante el período moderno”, en Castillo Gómez, A. y Sierra Blas, V. (dirs.), Cinco siglos de cartas: historia y prácticas epistolares en las épocas moderna y contemporánea, Huelva, Universidad de Huelva, 2014, pp. 165-185.Vaamonde, G., Costa, A. L., Marquilhas, R. et alii, “Post Scriptum: Archivo Digital de Escritura Cotidiana”, Humanidades Digitales: desafíos, logros y perspectivas de futuro. Janus, Anexo 1 (2014), pp. 473-482.Vaamonde, G., “P.S. Post Scriptum: dos corpus diacrónicos de escritura cotidiana”, Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, 55 (2015), pp. 57-64.

A polarization independent and fast electrically switchable beam steering device is presented, based on a surface relief grating combined with polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals. Switching on and off times are both less than 2 milliseconds. The prospects of further improvements are discussed. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.C. Wright, et al., "Crystalline liquids: the blue phases", Rev. Mod. Phys. 61, 385 (1989). CrossRef H. Kikuchi, et al., "Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal blue phases", Nat. Mater. 1, 64 (2002). CrossRef Samsung, Korea, SID exhibition, (2008).J. Yan, et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18, 11450 (2010). CrossRef L. Rao, et al., "A large Kerr constant polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 081109 (2011). CrossRef Y. Hisakado, et al., "Large Electro-optic Kerr Effect in Polymer-Stabilized Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phases", Adv. Mater. 17, 96 (2005). CrossRef K. M. et al., "Submillisecond Gray-Level Response Time of a Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal", J. Disp. Technol. 6, 49 (2010). CrossRef Y. Chen, et al., "Level set based topology optimization for optical cloaks", Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 251106 (2013). CrossRef H. Choi, et al., "Fast electro-optic switching in liquid crystal blue phase II", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 131905 (2011). CrossRef Y.H. Chen, et al., "Polarization independent Fabry-Pérot filter based on polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals with fast response time", Opt. Express 19, 25441 (2011). CrossRef Y. Li, et al., "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 8045 (2011). CrossRef C.T. Lee, et al., "Design of polarization-insensitive multi-electrode GRIN lens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19, 17402 (2011). CrossRef Y.T. Lin, et al., "Mid-infrared absorptance of silicon hyperdoped with chalcogen via fs-laser irradiation", J. Appl. Phys. 113, (2013). CrossRef J.D. Lin, et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Optics Express 22, 29479 (2014). CrossRef W. Cao, et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mat. 1, 111 (2002). CrossRef S.T. Hur, et al., "Liquid-Crystalline Blue Phase Laser with Widely Tunable Wavelength", Adv. Mater. 25, 3002 (2013). CrossRef A. Mazzulla, et al., "Thermal and electrical laser tuning in liquid crystal blue phase I", Soft. Mater. 8, 4882 (2012). CrossRef C.W. Chen, et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978 (2012). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Ferroelectric thin films with liquid crystal for gradient index applications", Opt. Exp. 24, 8088 (2016). CrossRef O. Willekens, et al., "Reflective liquid crystal hybrid beam-steerer", Opt. Exp. 24, 1541 (2016). CrossRef M. Jazbinšek, et al., "Characterization of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal transmission gratings", J. Appl. Phys. 90, 3831 (2001). CrossRef C.C. Bowley, et al., "Variable-wavelength switchable Bragg gratings formed in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 9 (2001). CrossRef Y.Q. Lu, et al., "Polarization switch using thick holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal grating", Appl. Phys. 95, 810 (2004). CrossRef J.J. Butler et al., "Diffraction properties of highly birefringent liquid-crystal composite gratings", Opt. Lett. 25, 420 (2000). CrossRef R.L. Sutherland et al., "Electrically switchable volume gratings in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1074 (1994). CrossRef X. Shang, et al., "Electrically Controllable Liquid Crystal Component for Efficient Light Steering", IEEE Photo. J. 7, 1 (2015). CrossRef J. Yan, et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef J. Yan. et al., "Dual-period tunable phase grating using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Opt. Lett. 40, 4520 (2015). CrossRef H.S. Chen, et al., "Hysteresis-free polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals using thermal recycles", Opt. Mat. Exp. 2, 1149 (2012). CrossRef H.C. Cheng, et al., "Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching", J. Disp. Technol. 8, 98 (2012). CrossRef

Religious tolerance is a supporter of social harmony and brings a country to a better life. Instilling tolerance in early childhood is a challenge for early childhood educators. This study aims to describe the transformation of religious tolerance values ​​by teachers in early childhood education. This research is a type of qualitative case study research model with researchers as observer participants. This research produces the following findings, that (1) transformation of tolerance values ​​among religious communities, is explicitly not taught in Early Childhood Education (ECE) on the grounds that all students are of the same religion, (2) transformation of tolerance of values among religious students taught through learning integrated with other lessons, (3) although explicitly the values ​​of tolerance among religious students are not taught, but the values ​​of togetherness such as greeting, sharing something that is owned, and helping the needs of other students are taught by practicing at the same time. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Tolerance Values in Religion References: Adams, K. (2019). Navigating the spaces of children’s spiritual experiences: influences of tradition(s), multidisciplinarity and perceptions. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 24(1), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2019.1619531 Adams, K., Bull, R., & Maynes, M. L. (2016). 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The spiritual potential of childhood: Awakening to the fullness of life. International Journal of Children’s Spirituality, 18(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364436X.2013.776266 Kirschenbaum, H. (2019). Models of Values Education and Moral Education in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 8(2), 103–109. Lehtonen, M. (2019). The Development of Religious Tolerance: Co-operative Board Games with Children and Adolescents. IATL Reinvention: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2(2). Retrieved from https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/cross_fac/iatl/reinvention/ Łowicki, P., & Zajenkowski, M. (2019). Empathy and Exposure to Credible Religious Acts during Childhood Independently Predict Religiosity. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2019.1672486 Maussen, M., Bader, V., Dobbernack, J., Modood, T., Olsen, T. V., Fox, J., & Vidra, Z. (2012). Tolerance and cultural diversity in schools Comparative report. Amsterdam. Miedema, S., & Bertram-Troost, G. (2008). Democratic citizenship and religious education: Challenges and perspectives for schools in the Netherlands. British Journal of Religious Education, 30(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200701830970 Moore, D. . (2007). Overcoming Religious Illiteracy: A Cultural Studies Approach to the Study of Religion in Secondary Education. US: Palgrave Macmillan. Niculescu, R. M., & Norel, M. (2013). Religious Education an Important Dimension of Human’s Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 338–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.200 Pandya, S. P. (2019). Spiritual education programme (SEP) for enhancing the quality of life of kindergarten school children. Pastoral Care in Education, 37(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2018.1562493 Parekh, B. (2019). Ethnocentric Political Theory. Ethnocentric Political Theory, 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11708-5 Sari, A. D. P., & Indartono, S. 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Целью настоящей работы было термографическое исследование T-x диаграммы системы Ga – Se в диапазоне температур от 500 до 1100 °С и в диапазоне составов от 48.0 до 61.5 mol % Se. Методом исследования являлся дифференциальный термический анализ c компьютерной регистрацией данных. Получены свидетельства о наличии ретроградного солидуса фазы g-GaSe со стороны селена (с областью гомогенности в несколько десятых mol % при температурах выше эвтектической) и о независимом существовании близких по составу фаз e-GaSe и g-GaSe. При этом более богатая галлием фаза e-GaSe испытывает перитектический распад с образованием расплава (L2) и g-GaSe. Для темпера-туры предполагаемой перитектической реакции получено значение 921 ±2 °С. Вместе стем, на данном этапе работ не получено никаких данных в пользу существования ожидавшейся (по аналогии с системой Ga – S) высокотемпературной модификации, близкой по составу к сесквиселениду галлия (Ga2S3). Другие результаты, полученные в настоящей работе (характер и температуры плавления промежуточных фаз, температуры эвтектического и монотектического превращений, а также координата эвтектического состава), хорошо согласуются с литературными данными по исследованной системе ЛИТЕРАТУРА1. Kainzbauer P., Richter K. W., Ipser H. The binary Bi-Rh phase diagram: stable and metastable phases //J. Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2018, v. 39(1), pp. 17– 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-017-0600-52. Dolyniuk J.-A., Kaseman D. C., Sen S., Zhao J., Osterloh F. E., Kovnir K. mP-BaP3: A new phase froman old binary system // Chem. Eur. J., 2014, v. 20, pp. 10829–10837, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.2013050783. Березин С. С., Завражнов А. Ю., Наумов А. В., Некрылов И. Н., Брежнев Н. Ю. Фазовая диаграммасистемы Ga–S в области 48.0–60.7 мол. % S // Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы, 2017,т. 19(3), с. 321–335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2017.19/2084. Волков В. В., Сидей В. И., Наумов А. В., Некрылов И. Н., Брежнев Н. Ю., Малыгина Е. Н., Завражнов А. Ю. Высокотемпературная кубическая модификация сульфида галлия (Xs = 59 мол. %) и Т, х-диаграмма системы Ga – S // Конденсированные среды и межфазные границы, 2019, т. 21(1), с. 37–50.DOI: https://doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2019.21/7155. Zavrazhnov A., Berezin S., Kosyakov A., Naumov A., Berezina M., Brezhnev N. J. The phase diagramof the Ga–S system in the concentration range of 48.0–60.7 mol % S // Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2018, v. 134(1), pp. 483–492. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7124-z6. Okamoto H. Ga–Se (Gallium-Selenium) // J. Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2009, v. 30, p. 658. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-009-9601-37. Dieleman J., Sanders F. H. M. Phase diagram of the Ga-Se system // Phillips J. Res., 1982, v. 37(4),pp. 204 – 229.8. Zavrazhnov A. Yu. Turchen D. N., Goncharov Eu. G., Zlomanov V. P. Manometric method for thestudy of P-T-x diagrams // J. Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2001, v. 22(4), pp. 482–490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1361/1054971017703330639. Shtanov V. I, Komov A. A, Tamm M. E., Atrashenko D. V., Zlomanov V. P. Gallium-selenium systemphase diagram and photoluminescence spectra of GaSe crystals // Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1998, v. 361(3),pp. 357–361. (in Russ.)10. Glazov V. M., Pavlova L. M. Semiconductor and metal binary systems. Phase equilibria and chemicalthermodynamics. Springer, 1989, 327 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1680-011. Ider M. Pankajavalli R., Zhuang W. Thermochemistry of the Ga–Se System. J. Solid State Scienceand Techn., 2015, v. 4(5), Q51–Q60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0011507jss12. Zavrazhnov A., Naumov A., Sidey V., Pervov V. Composition control of low-volatile solids throughchemical vapor transport reactions. III. The example of gallium monoselenide: Control of the polytypicstructure, non-stoichiometry and properties // Thermochimica Acta, 2012, v. 527, pp. 118–124. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2011.10.012

TAMANHO DE GRÃOS DO CAFEEIRO CONILON IRRIGADO E NÃO IRRIGADO DURANTE QUATRO SAFRAS1 LUCAS ROSA PEREIRA2; EDVALDO FIALHO DOS REIS2; MATHEUS GASPAR SCHWAN 2; WILIAN RODRIGUES RIBEIRO2, MARIA CHRISTINA JUNGER DELÔGO DARDENGO3 E SAMUEL FERREIRA DA SILVA4 1 Trabalho extraído da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor 2 Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Alto Universitário S/N, Bairro Guararema, CEP: 29.500.000, Alegre, ES, Brasil, lucasrosapereira@hotmail.com; efialhodosreis@gmail.com; schwan.matheus@gmail.com; wilianrodrigues@msn.com. 3 Setor de Cafeicultura, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo - Campus Alegre – IFES, Rodovia ES-482, km 47 Distrito de Rive, CEP: 29.500.000, Alegre, ES, Brasil, mchrisjunger@hotmail.com. 4 Departamento de Agronomia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Alto Universitário S/N, Bairro Guararema, CEP: 29.500.000, Alegre, ES, Brasil, samuelfd.silva@yahoo.com.br. 1 RESUMO A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de verificar o tamanho dos grãos do cafeeiro conilon irrigado e não irrigado, durante quatro safras, por meio da classificação física por peneiras. O experimento foi instalado em novembro de 2013 no Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Alegre, em esquema de parcela subdividida 3 x 4, sendo nas parcelas o fator manejo de irrigação em três níveis (irrigado com reposição de 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), irrigado com 50% da ETc e sem irrigação) e nas subparcelas o fator safra em quatro níveis (2013, 2014, 2015 e 2016), em um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foi avaliado o percentual de grãos retidos em peneira 13 e superiores, grãos moca e grãos retidos no fundo do conjunto de peneiras. A irrigação influenciou positivamente no tamanho dos grãos. Plantas irrigadas com 100% da ETc obtiveram 72,5% de grãos retidos em peneiras 13 e superiores, já plantas sem irrigação obtiveram 33,1%. Nas safras de 2013 e 2014, foi observado maiores valores de grãos retidos em peneiras 13 e superiores e menores valores de fundo, 76,1% e 7,5%, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: Coffea canephora, cafeicultura sustentável, déficit hídrico, manejo de irrigação. PEREIRA, L. R.; REIS, E. F.; SCHWAN, M. G.; RIBEIRO, W. R.; DARDENGO, M. C. J. D.; SILVA, S. F. SIZE OF CONILON COFFEE BEANS IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED DURING FOUR HARVESTS 2 ABSTRACT The research was conducted with the objective of verifying the grain size of irrigated and non-irrigated conilon coffee during four harvests, through the physical classification by sieves. The experiment was installed in the year of 2013 in the Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Federal Institute of Espírito Santo), in a subdivided-plots scheme 3 x 4, being the plots the factor irrigation management in three levels (irrigated with replacement of 100% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc), irrigated with 50% of the ETc, and non-irrigated), and in the subplots, the harvest factor in 4 levels (2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016), in a randomized block design, with three replications. The percentage of grains retained in sieve 13 and above, mocha grains, and grains retained at the fund of the sieve set were evaluated. Irrigation had a positive influence on grain size. Plants irrigated with 100% of the ETc obtained 72.5% of grains retained in sieves 13 and higher, while plants without irrigation obtained 33.1%. In the 2013 and 2014 harvests, higher values ​​of grains retained in sieves 13 and higher and lower bottom values, 76.1% and 7.5%, respectively, were observed. Keywords: Coffea canephora, sustainable coffee growing, water deficit, irrigation management.

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Abstract Objective The literature supports using tests developed in high-income countries to assess children in low and lower-middle income countries (LMICs) when carefully translated, adapted, and applied (Holding et al., 2018; Mitchell et al., 2017). Research has shown the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) to have adequate validity and sensitivity when used in LMICs (Bangirana et al., 2014; Koura et al., 2013), as well as equivalency to the American normative sample in lower risk populations (Bornman et al., 2010). Here, we describe the pattern of MSEL results in rural Guatemala. Participants and Method Children (n = 842; M enrollment age = 15.9 months; range 0-5 years) enrolled in an observational study of postnatal Zika exposure in rural Guatemala were administered an adapted and translated version of the MSEL (Connery et al., in press). To date, 352 children completed one, 393 children completed two, and 97 children completed three MSELs, for a total of 1,429 administrations. Results MSEL composite scores were similar to the American normative sample in children <12 months (M = 93.3, SD = 11.1), but lower for children ages 1-5 years (mean = 71.1, SD = 15.1, p < 0.0001). Moreover, lower scores were observed in children ages 1-5 years for all MSEL subscales, with the largest differences observed in receptive language (<12 years: mean = 47.8, SD = 7.1; 1-5 years: mean = 35.1, SD = 10.0, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Results are consistent with research that demonstrates a widening gap in test performance over time between children from higher and lower risk communities (Fernald et al., 2011; Paxson et al., 2005; Schady et al., 2015). Although findings are not meant to diagnose individual children, they highlight population changes in neurodevelopmental skills and the need for a better understanding of developmental patterns in LMICs. Future analyses will evaluate the impact of developmental risk factors over time and the performance of the MSEL in this population. References Bangirana, P., Opoka, R. O., Boivin, M. J., Idro, R., Hodges, J. S., Romero, R. A., … John, C. C. (2014). Severe Malarial Anemia is Associated With Long-term Neurocognitive Impairment. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 59(3), 336–344. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu293. Bornman, J., Sevcik, R. A., Romski, M., & Pae, H. K. (2010). Successfully Translating Language and Culture when Adapting Assessment Measures, ppi_254 111.118. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00254.x. Fernald, L. C. H., Weber, A., Galasso, E., & Ratsifandrihamanana, L. (2011). Socioeconomic gradients and child development in a very low income population: Evidence from Madagascar. Developmental Science, 14(4), 832–847. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01032.x. Holding, P., Anum, A., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Vokhiwa, M., Bugase, N., Hossen, T., … Gomes, M. (2018). Can we measure cognitive constructs consistently within and across cultures? Evidence from a test battery in Bangladesh, Ghana, and Tanzania. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 7(1), 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2016.1206823. Koura, K. G., Boivin, M. J., Davidson, L. L., Ouédraogo, S., Zoumenou, R., Alao, M. J., … Bodeau-Livinec, F. (2013). Usefulness of child development assessments for low-resource settings in francophone Africa. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 34(7), 486–93. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e31829d211c. Mitchell, J. M., Tomlinson, M., Bland, R. M., Houle, B., Stein, A., & Rochat, T. J. (2017). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Kaufman assessment battery in a sample of primary school-aged children in rural South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246317741822. Paxson, C., Schady, N., Izquierdo, S., León, M., Lucio, R., Ponce, J., … Hall, W. (2005). Cognitive Development among Young Children in Ecuador The Roles of Wealth, Health, and Parenting. Retrieved from http://econ.worldbank.org. Schady, N., Behrman, J., Araujo, M. C., Azuero, R., Bernal, R., Bravo, D., … Vakis, R. (2015). Wealth gradients in early childhood cognitive development in five Latin American countries. The Journal of Human Resources, 50(2), 446–463. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25983344.

Wire-grid polarizers constitute a traditional component for the control of polarization in free-space devices that operate in a broad part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, we present an aluminium-based THz wire grid polarizer, fabricated on a sub-wavelength thin flexible and conformal foil of Zeonor polymer having a thickness of 40um. The fabricated device,characterized by means of THz time-domain spectroscopy, exhibitsa high extinction ratio between 30 and 45dB in the 0.3-2.1THz range. The insertion losses oscillate between 0 and 1.1dB andthey stemalmost exclusively from moderate Fabry-Perót reflections and it is engineered forvanishing at 2THz for operation with quantum cascade lasers. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Akyildiz, J. M. Jornet, C. Han, "Terahertz band: Next frontier for wireless communications", Phys. Commun. 12, 16 (2014). CrossRef M.C. Kemp, P.F. Taday, B.E. Cole, J.A. Cluff, A.J. Fitzgerald, W.R. Tribe, "Security applications of terahertz technology", Proc. SPIE 5070, 44 (2003). CrossRef M. Schirmer, M. Fujio, M. Minami, J. Miura, T. Araki, T. Yasui, "Biomedical applications of a real-time terahertz color scanner", Biomed. Opt. Express 1, 354 (2010). CrossRef R.P. Cogdill, R.N. Forcht, Y. Shen, P.F. Taday, J.R. Creekmore, C.A. Anderson, J.K. Drennen, "Comparison of Terahertz Pulse Imaging and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid, Non-Destructive Analysis of Tablet Coating Thickness and Uniformity", J. Pharm. Innov. 2, 29 (2007). CrossRef Y.-C. Shen, "Terahertz pulsed spectroscopy and imaging for pharmaceutical applications: A review", Int. J. Pharm. 417, 48(2011). CrossRef A.G. Davies, A.D. Burnett, W. Fan, E.H. Linfield, J.E. Cunningham, "Terahertz spectroscopy of explosives and drugs", Mater. Today 11, 18 (2008). CrossRef J.F. Federici, B. Schulkin, F. Huang, D. Gary, R. Barat, F. Oliveira, D. Zimdars, "THz imaging and sensing for security applications?explosives, weapons and drugs", Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20, S266 (2005). CrossRef D. Saeedkia, Handbook of Terahertz Technology for Imaging, Sensing and Communications (Elsevier, 2013).N. Born, M. Reuter, M. Koch, M. Scheller, "High-Q terahertz bandpass filters based on coherently interfering metasurface reflections", Opt. Lett. 38, 908 (2013). CrossRef A. Ferraro, D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Periodical Elements as Low-Cost Building Blocks for Tunable Terahertz Filters", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 28, 2459 (2016). CrossRef A. Ferraro, D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Broad- and Narrow-Line Terahertz Filtering in Frequency-Selective Surfaces Patterned on Thin Low-Loss Polymer Substrates", IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23 (2017). CrossRef B. S.-Y. Ung, B. Weng, R. Shepherd, D. Abbott, C. Fumeaux, "Inkjet printed conductive polymer-based beam-splitters for terahertz applications", Opt. Mater. Express 3, 1242 (2013). CrossRef J.-S. Li, D. Xu, J. Yao, "Compact terahertz wave polarizing beam splitter", Appl. Opt. 49, 4494 (2010). CrossRef K. Altmann, M. Reuter, K. Garbat, M. Koch, R. Dabrowski, I. Dierking, "Polymer stabilized liquid crystal phase shifter for terahertz waves", Opt. Express 21, 12395 (2013). CrossRef D.C. Zografopoulos, R. Beccherelli, "Tunable terahertz fishnet metamaterials based on thin nematic liquid crystal layers for fast switching", Sci. Rep. 5, 13137 (2015). CrossRef G. Isić, B. Vasić, D. C. Zografopoulos, R. Beccherelli, R. Gajić, "Electrically Tunable Critically Coupled Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals", Phys. Rev. Appl. 3, 064007 (2015). CrossRef K. Iwaszczuk, A.C. Strikwerda, K. Fan, X. Zhang, R.D. Averitt, P.U. Jepsen, "Flexible metamaterial absorbers for stealth applications at terahertz frequencies", Opt. Express 20, 635 (2012). CrossRef F. Yan, C. Yu, H. Park, E.P.J. Parrott, E. Pickwell-MacPherson, "Advances in Polarizer Technology for Terahertz Frequency Applications", J. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves 34, 489 (2013). CrossRef http://www.tydexoptics.com DirectLink K. Imakita, T. Kamada, M. Fujii, K. Aoki, M. Mizuhata, S. Hayashi, "Terahertz wire grid polarizer fabricated by imprinting porous silicon", Opt. Lett. 38, 5067 (2013). CrossRef A. Isozaki, et al., "Double-layer wire grid polarizer for improving extinction ratio", Solid-State Sens. Actuators Microsyst. Transducers Eurosensors XXVII 2013 Transducers Eurosensors XXVII 17th Int. Conf. On, IEEE, pp. 530?533 (2013). DirectLink A. Ferraro, D. C. Zografopoulos, M. Missori, M. Peccianti, R. Caputo, R. Beccherelli, "Flexible terahertz wire grid polarizer with high extinction ratio and low loss", Opt. Lett. 41, 2009(2016). CrossRef M.S. Vitiello, G. Scalari, B. Williams, P.D. Natale, "Quantum cascade lasers: 20 years of challenges", Opt. Express 23, 5167(2015). CrossRef A. Podzorov, G. Gallot, "Low-loss polymers for terahertz applications", Appl. Opt. 47, 3254(2008). CrossRef

We say that a countable group $G$ is McDuff if it admits a free ergodic probability measure preserving action such that the crossed product is a McDuff $\text{II}_{1}$ factor. Similarly, $G$ is said to be stable if it admits such an action with the orbit equivalence relation being stable. The McDuff property, stability, inner amenability and property Gamma are subtly related and several implications and non-implications were obtained in Effros [Property $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$ and inner amenability. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.47 (1975), 483–486], Jones and Schmidt [Asymptotically invariant sequences and approximate finiteness. Amer. J. Math.109 (1987), 91–114], Vaes [An inner amenable group whose von Neumann algebra does not have property Gamma. Acta Math.208 (2012), 389–394], Kida [Inner amenable groups having no stable action. Geom. Dedicata173 (2014), 185–192] and Kida [Stability in orbit equivalence for Baumslag–Solitar groups and Vaes groups. Groups Geom. Dyn.9 (2015), 203–235]. We complete the picture with the remaining implications and counterexamples.

ABSTRACT: Regarding their competence, teachers must be able to improve their professional competence by utilizing technology and communication (ICT) by the demands of 21st-century competence. Furthermore, the nation's problems in the field of education and professionalism include several main problems that require more applicable and quality training for teachers and parents. This research aims to measure the perceptions of ECCE parents and teachers regarding the digital competence (use of technological devices and ability to access the internet) of online learning that they carry out, whether the learning is effective and able to measure children's competence or competence still needs to be improved to make it even better. The method that will be used in this research is quantitative research with a survey method in the form of a questionnaire. Participants are focused on ECCE teachers and parents who have early childhood children, especially kindergartens and elementary school grades 1 and 2 (aged 4 to 8 years). The results of the data analysis, of this research show that both parents and teachers feel face-to-face learning is more effective than online learning. This condition is supported by data that both parents and teachers feel obstacles and doubts that online learning can measure children's competence. Keywords: professional development, digital learning, digital competencies, technology in learning References: Abbas, H. (2015). Straightening the Direction of Education. PT PP Mardi Mulyo. Abbas, H. (2020). Contemporary Issues on Indonesian Education: Expedient Truths. PT PP Mardi Mulyo. Abdallah, A. K. (2018). Parents Perception of E-Learning in Abu Dhabi Schools in United Arab Emirates. International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 4(10). http://ijasos.ocerintjournals.org/en/download/article-file/458240 Advocates, E. (2015). Every Student Succeeds Act: Comparison of the No Child Left Behind Act to the Every Student Succeeds Act. www.acsd.org Ala-Mutka, K. (2011). Mapping digital competence: towards a conceptual understanding. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies. Alhumaid, K., Ali, S., Waheed, A., Zahid, E., & Habes, M. (2020). COVID-19 & Elearning: Perceptions &Attitudes Of Teachers Towards E-Learning Acceptance in The Developing Countries. Multicultural Education, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4060121 Alkaabi, S. A. R., Alkaabi, W., &; Vyver, G. (2017). Researching Student Motivation. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 10(3). https://clutejournals.com/index.php/CIER/article/view/9985/10086 Anderson, T., & Dron, J. (2011). Three generations of distance education pedagogy. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. 12(3). Aparicio, M., Bacao, F., &; Oliveira, T. (2017). Grit in the path to e-learning success. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 388–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2016.10.009 Best, S. J., & Harrison, C. H. (2009). Internet Survey Methods. In L. Bickman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Research Methods (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=m4_MAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA375&dq=fowler+2009+survey&ots=ZVUJUrEXyq&sig=ULNAWcDriqjKfOWg9FasuNS39ns&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Billingham, K. A., & Billingham, K. A. (2019). Early Childhood Development. In Developmental Psychology for the Health Care Professions. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429045141-3 Cheok, M. L., Wong, S. L., Ayub, A. F., &; Mahmud, R. (2017). Teachers' Perceptions of E-Learning in Malaysian Secondary Schools. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 5(2). www.mojet.net Cole, A. W., Anderson, C., Bunton, T., Cherney, M. R., Cronin Fisher, V., Draeger, Jr., R., Featherston, M., Motel, L., Nicolini, K. M., Peck, B., & Allen, M. (2017). Student Predisposition to Instructor Feedback and Perceptions of Teaching Presence Predict Motivation Toward Online Courses. Online Learning, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v21i4.966 Cresswell, J. (2013). Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. In Research Design (Fifth). SAGE. https://edge.sagepub.com/creswellrd5e/student-resources-0 Cresswell, J. W., &; Cresswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Fifth). SAGE Publications, Inc. Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Method Approaches (fourth). Student Library. Crompton, H., Burke, D., Gregory, K. H., &; Gräbe, C. (2016). The Use of Mobile Learning in Science: A Systematic Review. Journal of Science Education and Technology 2016 25:2, 25(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10956-015-9597-X Daniels, M. M., Sarte, E., & Cruz, J. Dela. (2019). Students' perception of e-learning: a basis for the development of e-learning framework in higher education institutions Recent citations. The International Conference on Information Technology and Digital Applications. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/482/1/012008 Ferrari, A., Punie, Y., & Bre, B. N. (2013). DIGCOMP: A Framework for Developing and Understanding Digital Competence in Europe. https://doi.org/10.2788/52966 Ghomi, M., &; Redecker, C. (2019). Digital competence of educators (DigCompedu): Development and evaluation of a self-assessment instrument for teachers' digital competence. CSEDU 2019 - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, 1(Csedu), 541–548. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007679005410548 Hobbs, R., & Tuzel, S. (2017). Teacher motivations for digital and media literacy: An examination of Turkish educators. British Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12326 Jiménez-Hernández, D., González-Calatayud, V., Torres-Soto, A., Mayoral, A. M., &; Morales, J. (2020). Digital competence of future secondary school teachers: Differences according to gender, age, and branch of knowledge. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229473 Kontos, G. (2015). Practical teaching aids for online classes. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 44(1), 36-52 Krumsvik, R. J. (2014). Teacher educators' digital competence. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 58(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2012.726273 Lestiyanawati, R. (2020). The Strategies and Problems Faced by Indonesian Teachers in Conducting E-learning During COVID-19 Outbreak. CLLiENT (Culture et al.), 2(1). https://ojs.unsiq.ac.id/index.php/cllient/article/view/1271 Lin, M.-H., Chen, H., &; Liu, K. S. (2017). A study of the effects of digital learning on learning motivation and learning outcome. Eurasian Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(7), 3553–3564. Lubis, A. H., &; Lubis, Z. (2020). Parent's Perceptions on E-Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(18). McGarr, O., & McDonagh, A. (2020). Exploring the digital competence of pre-service teachers on entry onto an initial teacher education program in Ireland. Irish Educational Studies, 40(1), 115–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2020.1800501 McKnight, K., O'Malley, K., Ruzic, R., Horsley, M., Franey, J. J., & Bassett, K. (2016). Teaching in a digital age: How educators use technology to improve student learning. Journal of Research on Technology in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2016.1175856 Røkenes, F. M., &; Krumsvik, R. J. (2016). Prepared to teach ESL with ICT? A study of digital competence in Norwegian teacher education. Computers and Education, 97, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.014 Simonson, M., Zvacek, S. M., & Smaldino, S. (2019). Teaching and Learning at a Distance: Foundations of Distance Education 7th Edition. IAP. Tudor, S., Stan, M., & Paisi-Lazarescu, M. (2015). Integration of e-learning in teaching/learning courses at preschool and primary pedagogical teachers. eLearning & Software for Education, 2, 340-345 Vitoria, L., Mislinawati, M., &; Nurmasyitah, N. (2018). Students' perceptions on the implementation of e-learning: Helpful or unhelpful? The 6th South East Asia Design Research International Conference (6th SEA-DR IC).https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1088/1/012058 Wasserman, E., &; Migdal, R. (2019). Professional development: Teachers' attitudes in online and traditional training courses. Online Learning Journal. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i1.1299

Low-temperature CO2 electrolysis technology, which converts CO2 into valuable products, has attracted attention for its potential to mitigate climate change caused by global warming. Various products, such as CO and ethylene glycol, can be obtained from electrochemical reactions [1,2]. CO, a useful raw material for hydrocarbons, is a particularly simple product. In order to implement an industrial-scale low-temperature CO2 electrolysis system, we must further reinforce the properties of the CO2 electrolysis cell: namely, energetic (energy conversion) efficiency, CO2 conversion rate (current density and scaling) and durability. For realizing high energetic efficiency, decreasing ohmic resistance and overvoltage is required. Therefore, a zero-gap electrolysis cell, which has short electrodes distance leading to lower ohmic resistance, has been adopted. The zero-gap configuration contains a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) constructed from cathode and anode electrodes and a diaphragm. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been mainly used in past research as the diaphragm, however, the AEMs have several shortcomings for practical use as the diaphragm, e.g., low thermal stability, weak mechanical strength and high cost. In this work, we have focused on porous membranes as a novel diaphragm which is more suitable for overcoming those instabilities and costs. We have achieved an increase in energetic efficiency of the zero-gap CO2 electrolysis cell using the porous membrane when compared to that of AEMs. We have experimentally revealed higher ion permeability, lower ohmic resistance and lower overvoltage when using the porous membrane, resulting in improvement of the energetic efficiency. Regarding CO2 conversion rate and durability, we have developed a large-scale cell stack constructed with ten layers of a 100 cm2 size cell and demonstrated durable operation over one month. This work is partially supported by the Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan. [1] Y. Kofuji, A. Ono, Y. Sugano, A. Motoshige, Y. Kudo, M. Yamagiwa, J. Tamura, S. Mikoshiba and R. Kitagawa, Chem. Lett. 50, 482 (2021). [2] J. Tamura, A. Ono, Y. Sugano, C. Huang, N. Hideyuki, and S. Mikoshiba, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 26072 (2015).

Alkali and alkaline earth metal anodes are gaining increasing research attention because they could provide high energy densities and theoretical specific capacities. Among them, lithium metal is the most investigated anode candidate for next generation batteries. However, due to some challenges, the commercialization of lithium metal anodes is still delayed. Reactions between lithium metal and the electrolyte lead to the formation of an inhomogeneous solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Consequently, electrodissolution/-deposition of lithium is favored where the SEI is less resistive or cracked, resulting in high surface area lithium and dendrite growth. This does not only lower the coulombic efficiency (CE) and cell specific capacity but also causes safety issues due to an increased risk of short-circuits and thermal runaway.1,2 To enable increased safety in high energy batteries with lithium metal anodes an effective SEI is required to limit lithium dendrite growth. There is a variety of approaches to grow an effective SEI, such as the use of electrolyte additives, mechanical methods and chemical modification.3-5 Recently, alkaline earth metal anodes, such as magnesium or calcium, are also of considerable interest for next generation anodes. Their main advantage is the significantly lower susceptibility to dendrite formation, while still offering high theoretical specific capacities. However, their oxide passivation layer does not allow significant mobility for their divalent ions, leading to large overvoltage and slow reaction kinetics which hinders the cycling. Therefore, electrolytes which enable a non-passivating SEI have to be applied and additives are investigated on their ability to remove the oxide layers.6,7 Herein, we present a novel mechanochemical approach to form an effective SEI on the lithium metal surface by combining mechanical and chemical modification utilizing ionic liquids (ILs) prior to cell assembly. This method suppresses dendrite growth even at high current densities of 10 mA cm-2 in lithium metal batteries with liquid electrolytes. To further highlight the importance of surface treatment and SEI formation, we investigate electrolytes for calcium metal batteries as well as mechanical modification of calcium metal anodes. Acknowledgements: The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the European Union through the Horizon 2020 framework program for research and innovation within the project “VIDICAT” (829145). References: Peled, E.; Menkin, S., Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2017, 164 (7), A1703-A1719. Bieker, G.; Winter, M.; Bieker, P., Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2015, 17 (14), 8670-8679. Peled, E., Journal of The Electrochemical Society 1979, 126 (12), 2047-2051. Josef, E.; Yan, Y.; Stan, M. C.; Wellmann, J.; Vizintin, A.; Winter, M.; Johansson, P.; Dominko, R.; Guterman, R., Israel Journal of Chemistry 2019, 59 (9), 832-842. Wellmann, J.; Brinkmann, J.-P.; Wankmiller, B.; Neuhaus, K.; Rodehorst, U.; Hansen, M. R.; Winter, M.; Paillard, E., ACS Applied Matererials & Interfaces 2021, 13 (29), 34227-34237. Shterenberg, I.; Salama, M.; Yoo, H. D.; Gofer, Y.; Park, J.-B.; Sun, Y.-K.; Aurbach, D., Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2015, 162 (13), A7118-A7128. Stievano, L.; de Meatza, I.; Bitenc, J.; Cavallo, C.; Brutti, S.; Navarra, M. A., Journal of Power Sources 2021, 482, 228875.

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Aims This study aimed to compare the change in health-related quality of life of patients receiving a traditional cemented monoblock Thompson hemiarthroplasty compared with a modern cemented modular polished-taper stemmed hemiarthroplasty for displaced intracapsular hip fractures. Patients and Methods This was a pragmatic, multicentre, multisurgeon, two-arm, parallel group, randomized standard-of-care controlled trial. It was embedded within the WHiTE Comprehensive Cohort Study. The sample size was 964 patients. The setting was five National Health Service Trauma Hospitals in England. A total of 964 patients over 60 years of age who required hemiarthroplasty of the hip between February 2015 and March 2016 were included. A standardized measure of health outcome, the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire, was carried out on admission and at four months following the operation. Results Of the 964 patients enrolled, 482 died or were lost to follow-up (50%). No significant differences were noted in EQ-5D between groups, with a mean difference at four months of 0.037 in favour of the Exeter/Unitrax implant (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.014 to 0.087, p = 0.156), rising to 0.045 (95% CI 0.007 to 0.098, p = 0.09) when patients who died were excluded. The minimum clinically important difference for EQ-5D-5L used in this study is 0.08, therefore any benefit between implants is unlikely to be noticeable to the patient. There was no difference in mortality or mobility score. Conclusion Allowing for the high rate of loss to follow-up, the use of the traditional Thompson hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of the displaced intracapsular hip fracture shows no difference in health outcome when compared with a modern cemented hemiarthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:352–60.

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Heterojunctions of p-Si/Cd1-xZnxO were synthesized by depositing of Cd1-xZnxO films on p-Si substrates by electrochemical deposition. The morphological properties of the films were studied by scanning microscopy. The electric and photoelectrical properties of heterojunctions were investigated depending on the deposition potential and films composition. Heterojunctions of p-Si/Cd1-xZnxO, which deposited at cathode potential of -1.2 V, shows good rectification (k=1640). Under AM1.5 conditions the maximal values of open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor and efficiency of our best nano-structured cell, were Uoc = 442 mV, Jsc = 19.9 mA/cm2, FF = 0.59 and n = 5.1 %, respectively. Full Text: PDF ReferencesX. Li, et al. "Role of donor defects in enhancing ferromagnetism of Cu-doped ZnO films", J. Appl. Phys., 105, 103914 (2009). CrossRef X. Han, K. Han and M. Tao, "Electrodeposition of Group-IIIA Doped ZnO as a Transparent Conductive Oxide", ECS Trans., 25, 93 (2010). CrossRef W. Liu et al. "Na-Doped p-Type ZnO Microwires", J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132, 2498 (2010). CrossRef R.A. Ismail and O.A. Abdulrazaq, "A new route for fabricating CdO/c-Si heterojunction solar cells", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 91, 903 (2007). CrossRef R.S. Mane, H.M. Pathan, C.D. Lokhande and S.H.Han, "An effective use of nanocrystalline CdO thin films in dye-sensitized solar cells", Sol. Energy, 80 185 (2006). CrossRef E. Martin et al. "Properties of multilayer transparent conducting oxide films", Thin Solid Films, 461, 309 (2004). CrossRef Y. Caglar, M. Caglar, S. Ilican and A. Ates, "Morphological, optical and electrical properties of CdZnO films prepared by sol?gel method", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 42, 065421 (2009). CrossRef F. Wang, Z. Ye, D. Ma, L. Zhu and F. Zhuge, "Formation of quasi-aligned ZnCdO nanorods and nanoneedles", J. Cryst. Growth, 283, 373 (2005). CrossRef A. Abdinov, H. Mamedov, S. Amirova, "Investigation of Electrodeposited Glass/SnO2/CuInSe2/Cd1-xZnxS1-ySey/ZnO Thin Solar Cells", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 46, 7359 (2007). CrossRef A. Abdinov, H. Mamedov, H. Hasanov, and S. Amirova, "Photosensitivity of p,n-Si/n-Cd1?xZnxS heterojunctions manufactured by a method of electrochemical deposition", Thin Solid Films, 480-481, 388 (2005). CrossRef A. Abdinov, H. Mamedov, and S. Amirova, "Investigation of electrodeposited p-Si/Cd1 ? xZnxS1 ? ySey heterojunction solar cells", Thin Solid Films, 511-512, 140 (2006) CrossRef H. Mamedov, V. Mamedov, V. Mamedova, Kh. Ahmadova, "Investigation of p-GaAs/n-Cd1-xZnxS1-yTey/Cd1-xZnxO heterojunctions deposited by electrochemical deposition", J. Optoelectrom. Adv. M., 17, 67 (2015). DirectLink H. Mamedov et al. "Preparation and Investigation of p-GaAs/n-Cd1-xZnxS1-yTey Heterojunctions Deposited by Electrochemical Deposition", J. Solar Energy Engineering, 136, 044503 (2014). CrossRef S. Sadofev, S. Blumstengel, J. Cui, J. Puls, S. Rogaschewski, P. Schafer and F. Henneberger, "Visible band-gap ZnCdO heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy", Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 201907 (2006). CrossRef G. Torres-Delgado et al. "Percolation Mechanism and Characterization of (CdO)y(ZnO)1?y Thin Films", Adv. Funct. Mater., 12, 129 (2002). CrossRef H. Tabet-Derraz, N. Benramdane, D. Nacer, A. Bouzidi and M. Medles, "Investigations on ZnxCd1?xO thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 73, 249 (2002). CrossRef M. Tortosa, M. Mollar and B. Mar?, "Synthesis of ZnCdO thin films by electrodeposition", J. Cryst. Growth, 304, 97 (2007). CrossRef A. Singh, D. Kumar, P. K. Khanna, M. Kumar, and B. Prasad, "Phase Segregation Limit in ZnCdO Thin Films Deposited by Sol?Gel Method: A Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties", ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2 (9), Q136 (2013). CrossRef F.Z. Bedia, A. Bedia, B. Benyoucef and S.Hamzaoui, "Electrical Characterization of n-ZnO/p-Si Heterojunction Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis Technique", Physics Procedia, 55, 61 (2014). CrossRef M. Jing-Jing et al. "Rectifying and Photovoltage Properties of ZnO:A1/p-Si Heterojunction", Chin. Phys. Lett., 27 (10), 107304 (2010). CrossRef

Heavy metals contamination is a serious threat to all life forms. Long term exposure of heavy metals can lead to different life-threatening medical conditions including cancers of different body parts. Phytoremediation and bioremediation offer a potential eco-friendly solution to such problems. Different microbes can interact with heavy metals in a variety of ways such as biotransformation, oxidation/reduction, and biosorption. Phytoremediation of the heavy metals using plants mostly involves rhizofilteration, phytoextraction, phytovolatization, and Phyto stabilization. A synergistic approach using both plants and microbes has proven much more efficient as compared to the individual applications of microbes or plants. This article aims to highlight the synergistic methods used in bioremediation, emphasizing the potent collaboration between bacteria and plants for environmental cleaning, along with the discussion of the importance of site-specific variables and potential constraints. 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The potential of Thlaspi caerulescens for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. Plant Soil. 203: 47-56. Romantschuk M, Lahti-Leikas K, Kontro M, Allen JA, Sinkkonen A (2023). Bioremediation of contaminated soil and groundwater by in situ Front. Microbiol. 14: 1258148. Sabreena, Hassan S, Bhat SA, Kumar V, Ganai BA, Ameen F (2022). Phytoremediation of heavy metals: An indispensable contrivance in green remediation technology. Plants. 11(9): 1255. Saha L, Tiwari J, Bauddh K, Ma Y (2021). Recent developments in microbe–plant-based bioremediation for tackling heavy metal-polluted soils. Front. Microbiol. 12: 731723. Sharma I. (2020). Bioremediation techniques for polluted environment: concept, advantages, limitations, and prospects, In Trace metals in the environment-new approaches and recent advances. IntechOpen. Sharma JK, Kumar N, Singh NP, Santal, AR (2023). Phytoremediation technologies and their mechanism for removal of heavy metal from contaminated soil: An approach for a sustainable environment. Front. Plant Sci. 14: 1076876. Shen X, Dai M, Yang J, Sun L, Tan X, Peng C, Ali I, and Naz I (2022). A critical review on the phytoremediation of heavy metals from environment: Performance and challenges. Chemosphere. 291: 132979. Silver S (2011). BioMetals: a historical and personal perspective. Biometals. 24(3): 379-390. Silver S, Phung LT (2005). A bacterial view of the periodic table: genes and proteins for toxic inorganic ions. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 32: 587-605. Singh N, Santal AR (2015). Phytoremediation of heavy metals: the use of green approaches to clean the environment, In Phytoremediation: Management of Environmental Contaminants. Volume 2: 115-129. Strong PJ, Burgess JE (2008). Treatment methods for wine-related and distillery wastewaters: a review. Bioremediation J. 12(2): 70-87. 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The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production. Can. J. Soil Sci., 73, 51-59. Atkinson Ch.J., Fitzgerald J.D., Hipps N.A., 2010. Potential mechanisms for achieving agricultural benefits from biochar application to temperate soils: a review. Plant Soil, 337, 1-18. Balashov E., Buchkina N., 2011. Impact of short- and long-term agricultural use of chernozem on its quality indicators. Int. Agrophys., 25, 1-5. Barrow C.J., 2012. Biochar: potential for countering land degradation and for improving agriculture. Appl. Geogr., 34, 21-28. Barthes B.G., Kouakoua E.T., Larre-Larrouy M.C., Razafimbelo T.M., De Luca E.F., Azontonde A., Neves C.S.V.J., De Freitas P.L., Feller C.L., 2008. Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma, 143, 14-25. Benbi D.K., Brar K., Toor A.S., Sharma S., 2015. Sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon pools to long-term fertilizer, straw and manure management in rice-wheat system. Pedosphere, 25, 534-545. Benbi D.K., Brar K., Toor A.S., Singh P., Singh H., 2012. Soil carbon pools under poplar-based agroforestry, rice-wheat, and maize-wheat cropping systems in semi-arid India. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys., 92, 107-118. Blanco-Canqui H., Lal L., 2004. Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in soil aggregates. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci., 23, 481-504. Brevik E.C., Cerda A., Mataix-Solera J., Pereg L., Quinton J.N., Six J., Van Oost K., 2015. The interdisciplinary nature of SOIL. SOIL, 1, 117-129. Brodowski S., John B., Flessa H., Amelung W., 2006. Aggregate-occluded black carbon in soil. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 57, 539-546. Bronick C.J., Lal R., 2005. The soil structure and land management: a review. Geoderma, 124, 3-22. Chenu C., Plante A., 2006. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequece: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. Dziadowiec H., Gonet S.S., 1999. Methodical guide-book for soil organic matter studies. Polish Society of Soil Science, Warszawa, 65p. Elliott E.T., 1986. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 627-633. Fischer D., Glaser B., 2012. Synergisms between compost and biochar for sustainable soil amelioration, In: Kumar S. (ed.): Management of Organic Waste, In Tech Europe, Rijeka, 167-198. Glaser B., Lehmann J., Zech W., 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biol. Fertil. Soils., 35, 219-230. Heitkotter J., and B. Marschner, 2015. Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production. Geoderma, 245-246, 56-64. Herath H.M.S.K., Camps-Arbestain M., Hedley M., 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210, 188-197. Hillel D., 1982, Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA , 364 p. Chenu C., Plante A., 2006. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequence: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. IUSS Working Group WRB., 2014. World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports, 106, FAO, Rome., 112p. Jeffery S., Verheijen F.G.A., Van der Velde M., Bastos A.C., 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agr. Ecosys. Environ., 144, 175-187. Jien S.H., Wang Ch.S., 2013. Effects of biochar on soil properties and erosion potential in a highly weathered soil. Catena, 110, 225-233. Kammann C., Linsel S., Goßling J., Koyro H.W., 2011. Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil-plant relations. Plant Soil, 345, 195-210. Kodesova R., Nemecek K., Zigova A., Nikodem A., Fer M., 2015. Using dye tracer for visualizing roots I pact on soil structure and soil porous system. Biologia, 70, 1439-1443. Krol, A., Lipiec, J., Turski, M., J. Kuoe, 2013. Effects of organic and conventional management on physical properties of soil aggregates. Int. Agrophys., 27, 15-21. Kurakov A.V., Kharin S.A., 2012. The Formation of Water-Stable Coprolite Aggregates in Soddy-Podzolic Soils and the Participation of Fungi in This Process. Eur. Soil Sci., 45, 429-434. Loginow W., Wisniewski W., Gonet S.S., Ciescinska B., 1987. Fractionation of organic carbon based on susceptibility to oxidation. Pol. J. Soil Sci., 20, 47-52. Lynch, J.M., and E. Bragg, 1985. Microorganisms and soil aggregate stability. Adv. Soil Sci., 2, 133-171. MHYPERLINK "about:blank"unkholm L.J., Schjonning P., Debosz K., Jensen H.E., Christensen B.T., 2002. Aggregate strength and mechanical behaviour of a sandy loam soil under long-term fertilization treatments. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 53, 129-137. Paradelo R., Van Oort F., Chenu C., 2013. Water-dispersible clay in bare fallow soils after 80 years of continuous fertilizer addition. Geoderma, 200-201, 40-44. Purakayastha T.J., Kumari S., Pathak H., 2015. Characterisation, stability, and microbial effects of four biochars produced from crop residues. Geoderma, 239-240, 293-303. Rees F., Germain C., Sterckeman T., Morel J.L., 2015. Plant growth and metal uptake by a non-hyperaccumulating species (Lolium perenne) and a Cd-Zn hyperaccumulator (Noccaea caerulescens) in contaminated soils amended with biochar. Plant Soil, 395, 57-73. Saha D., Kukal S.S., Sharma S., 2011. Land use impacts on SOC fractions and aggregate stability in typic Ustochrepts of Northwest India. Plant Soil, 339, 457-470. Six J., Bossuyt H., Degryze S., Denef K., 2004. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till. Res., 79, 7-31. Six J., Elliott E.T., Paustian K., 2000. Soil macroaggregate turnover and microaggregate formation: A mechanism for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biol. Biochem., 32, 2099-2103. Soinne H., Hovi J., Tammeorg P., Turtola E., 2014. Effect of biochar on phosphorus sorption and clay soil aggregate stability. Geoderma, 219-220, 162-167. Simansky V., 2013. Soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates under different soil management practices in a productive vineyard. Arch. Agron. Soil Sci., 59(9), 1207-1214. Simansky V., Jonczak J., 2016. Water-stable aggregates as a key element in the stabilization of soil organic matter in the Chernozems. Carp. J. Earth Environ. Sci., 11, 511-517. Simon T., Javurek M., Mikanova O., Vach M., 2009. The influence of tillage systems on soil organic matter and soil hydrophobicity. Soil Till, Res., 105, 44-48. Tiessen H., Stewart J.W.B., 1988. Light and electron microscopy of stainedmicroaggregates: the role of organic matter and microbes in soil aggregation. Biogeochemistry, 5, 312-322. Tisdall J.M., Oades J.M., 1980. The effect of crop rotation on aggregation in a red-brown earth. Austr. J. Soil Res., 18, 423-433. Vadjunina A.F., Korchagina Z.A., 1986. Methods of Study of Soil Physical Properties. Agropromizdat, Moscow, 415p. Vaezi A.R., Sadeghi S.H.R., Bahrami H.A., Mahdian M.H., 2008. Modeling the USLE K-factor for calcareous soils in northwestern Iran. Geomorphology, 97, 414-423. Von Lutzow M., Kogel-Knabner I., Ekschmitt K., Matzner E., Guggenberger G., Marschner B., Flessa H., 2006. Stabilization of organicmatter in temperate soils:mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions a review. Eur. 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We present here characterizations of graphs whose semi-splitting block graphs are planar, outer planar. Also we characterize graphs whose semi-splitting block graphs are planar and outer planar in terms of forbidden sub graphs. Keywords: Semi-splitting; Block; Planar; Outer planar; Forbidden. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.3626 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 485-488 (2010)

A new fluorimetric and colorimetric dual-mode probe, 4-bromo-2-(hydrazonomethyl) phenol (BHP) has been synthesized and successfully utilized for the recognition of Cd2+/F‒ ions in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system. The probe displays dual channel of detection via fluorescence enhancement and colorimetric changes upon binding with F‒ and Cd2+ ions respectively. The Job’s plot analysis, ESI-MS studies, Density Functional Theoretical (DFT) calculations, 1H NMR and 19F NMR titration results were confirmed and highly supported the 1:1 binding stoichiometry of the probe was complexed with Cd2+/F‒ ions. Furthermore, intracellular detection of F‒ ions in HeLa cells and fluorescence imaging analysis in Zebrafish embryos results of the probe BHP might be used to reveal their potential applications in a biological living system. Introduction The quantification and detection of toxic metal ions in diverse fields have fascinated more attention in recent years due to their prominent and significant roles in clinical diagnosis and ecological system.1–6 Besides metal ions, anions also play an exclusive role in a variety of chemical and biological processes.7–12 In earlier, analytical methods for the detection of cations/anions has required highly sophisticated and expensive instruments such as atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ion sensitive electrodes, and gas and ion chromatography. Amid, fluorescent techniques have more expedient in terms of rapidness, excellent sensitivity and selectivity, low cost, easy and feasible detection. In addition, optical detection mode analysis is a more appropriate method because of their potential features such as easy handling, real-time analysis and different signal output modes.13–16 Besides, colorimetric assays are more feasible and potent tool as they provide a simple visible authentication for analyte detection in the absence of instruments and tedious techniques. In this perspective, the recent research area has been mainly focused to design the novel multi-functional fluorometric and colorimetric sensors for the detection of ions in the different environments. Cadmium (Cd2+) is one of the important hazardous heavy transition metal ions17 in the environment due its carcinogenic nature. The higher accumulation of Cd2+ ion and inhalation of Cd-dust prompts more awful health issues in human like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, kidneys and liver damage.18 Furthermore, the Cd2+ ion has more advantages in several industries such as pigments in plastics, electroplating and batteries, etc. On the other hand, fluoride ions play an ample role in dental health and in the treatment of osteoporosis.19–22 The excess of fluoride ingestion prompted severe disease in human health like gastric and kidney problems.23 In some remote areas, the high level contamination of fluoride ions in drinking water triggered bone disease such as fluorosis.24–31 Thus, to develop and synthesize novel multifunctional probe for the detection and quantification of both cations and anions is a highly anticipated and imperative task. Scheme 1. Synthesis of probe BHP Herein, we have fabricated and synthesized a novel chromogenic and fluorogenic assay based on bromo substituted salicylhydrazone moiety for the colorimetric and fluorometric detection of F‒ ions and colorimetric detection of Cd2+ ions in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system. The UV-visible and fluorescence spectral analysis of BHP with Cd2+/F‒ ions exposed an outstanding ratiometric absorbance and colorimetric responses towards F‒ ions and also showed a visible colorimetric response towards Cd2+ ions. The fluorescence enhancement of BHP with F‒ ion was highly evaluated by DFT calculations. As well, the cell viability experimental results of BHP can be used for the detection of F‒ ions in both HeLa cells and Zebrafish embryos via high content analysis system. Experimental Methods 2.1 Materials All the chemicals used in the present study were in the analytical reagent grade and solvents used were of HPLC grade. Reagents were used as such received without any further purification. Metal ions such as K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ag+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Al3+, Cr3+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ were purchased from Merck and S.D. Fine chemicals. The anions of Cl-, Br-, I-, SCN-, CN-, H2PO4-, HSO4-, NO3-, AcO- and F- were purchased as their tetrabutylammonium salts from Sigma–Aldrich Pvt. Ltd. Absorption measurements were performed on JASCO V-630 spectrophotometer in 1 cm path length quartz cuvette with a volume of 2 mL at room temperature. Fluorescence measurements were made on a JASCO and F- 4500 Hitachi Spectrofluorimeter with excitation slit set at 5.0 nm band pass and emission at 5.0 nm band pass in 1 cm ×1 cm quartz cell. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were obtained on a Bruker 300 MHz NMR instrument with TMS as internal reference using DMSO-d6 as solvent. Standard Bruker software was used throughout. 19F NMR spectra were recorded at 293K on BRUKER 400 MHz FT-NMR spectrometers using DMSO-d6 as solvent. ElectroSpray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis was performed in the positive/negative ion mode on a liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometer (LCQ Fleet, Thermo Fisher Instruments Limited, US). Fluorescence microscopic imaging measurements were determined using Operetta High Content Imaging System (PerkinElmer, US) 2.2. Synthesis of (E)-4-bromo-2-(hydrazonomethyl) phenol, BHP An absolute alcoholic solution (50 ml) of 5-bromosalicylaldehyde (0.5gm, 2.49 mmol) was refluxed under hydrazine hydrate (in excess) for 5 hr and the pale yellow color solid product was collected after recrystallized with ethanol and ethyl acetate mixture (yield, 95 %). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 8.92 (s, 1H), 11.89 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ (ppm): 161.36, 158.51, 135.84, 131.82, 120.86, 119.69, 106.72. 2.3 Photophysical analysis of BHP The optical mode analysis of BHP towards various cations/anions in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system was carried out by using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV-visible and fluorescence analysis of BHP with cations were gauged by using their corresponding acetate salts of metal ions. Tetrabutylammonium salts of competing anions were used for the anionic sensing analysis. 2.4 Computational Studies The optimized geometrical and ground state energy level calculations of BHP were obtained by Density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations were executed using Gaussian 09 program 32 with the 6-311G basis set. The optimized geometries and the fluorescence enhancement of probe BHP complexed with Cd2+/F- ions were attained by DFT-B3LYP level theory using 6-311G and LANL2DZ basis sets. 2.5 Cytotoxicity studies HeLa cell lines were procured from the National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India. Cell lines are kept in the Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% antimycotic and antibiotic solution was used in this study. The cells were kept in an incubator at 25 °C with humidified atmosphere comprising 5% of CO2 and 95% of air. HeLa cells were loaded over the wells of 96 well-culture plates with a density of 1 x 104 cells/well. After 48 h of incubation, previous DMEM medium was exchanged with new medium and BHP (dissolved in DMSO) was added in the range of 0-200 µM to all the wells and further incubated over 3h. Cytotoxicity of BHP was measured by using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. After incubation of HeLa cells with BHP, the medium was detached. Further, 100 μl of DMSO was added and the resulting formazan crystals were dissolved in DMSO. The cell viability was determined by measuring the absorbance of each well at 540-660 nm (formation of formazan) using a microplate reader. 2.6 In vivo fluorescence analysis in Zebrafish embryos The fluorescence imaging analysis was performed in four days old embryos. The embryos were seeded over F- ion alone for 2 h in the E3 medium. The E3 medium was prepared by dissolving 5.0 mM NaCl, 0.17mM KCl, 0.33mM CaCl2, 0.33mM MgSO4 ingredients in H2O (2L) and the pH 7.2 was adjusted by adding NaOH. The embryos were thoroughly washed with E3 medium. Successively, incubated embryos were sowed over 25 mM of BHP (in DMSO) solution for 3h. Further, embryos were washed again with E3 medium and fixed in 10% methyl cellulose solution for the good oriented images. The fluorescent images of BHP-F- were logged using high content screening microscopy. (Excitation wavelength of 482 nm and emission wavelength range of 500-700 nm). Results and discussion The probe, (E)-4-bromo-2-(hydrazonomethyl) phenol (BHP) has been synthesized by one step condensation between hydrazine and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde in ethanol (yield, 95 %) as shown in Scheme 1. The structure of the probe BHP was confirmed via 1H, 13C NMR analysis (Figure S1-S2, See ESI) 3.1. UV–vis spectral analysis of cations with BHP To investigate the cation sensing events of BHP towards different cations in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system by using UV-vis and fluorescence titration experiments. Initially, free probe BHP exhibited an absorption band at 367 nm and further addition of mono, di and trivalent cations such as Li+, K+, Ag+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+ exhibited tiny changes in absorption spectr due to their weak interaction towards BHP except Cd2+ ion as shown in Figure 1. Interestingly, upon titrated with Cd2+ ion, a new absorption band appeared at 470 nm due to the highly resonance induced charge transfer ability of bromo substituted salicyl moiety while the solution turns into dark yellow color from pale yellow. Increasing addition of Cd2+ ion results gradual reduction of both higher and lower energy bands at 367 nm and 470 nm respectively as depicted in Figure 2. Figure 1. UV-vis spectra of BHP (10 µM) with different cations (5 × 10-3 M) in DMSO/H2O (9: 1, v/v) system. Figure 2. UV-vis spectra of BHP (10 µM) with Cd2+ (0 – 100 µM) in DMSO/H2O (9: 1, v/v) system Besides, fluorescence response of probe BHP towards various cations such as Li+, K+, Ag+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Fe3+ and Cr3+ including Cd2+ ion have been inspected in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system. Initially, the probe BHP displayed low intensed fluorescence band in free state. Addition of other commonly coexistent metal ions including Cd2+ ions exhibited trivial changes in fluorescence spectra. From these results, it is concluded that the probe BHP could serve as an excellent colorimetric assay for the detection of Cd2+ ions. 3.2. The sensing analysis of BHP towards anions Moreover, the anion binding attraction of BHP towards anions have been investigated in DMSO/H2O (9:1, v/v) system via both UV-visible and fluorescence spectral techniques. Initially the probe BHP showed the absorption band at 367 nm. Upon titrated with other anions such as Cl‒, Br‒, I‒, NO3‒, AcO‒, HSO4‒, H2PO4‒ and CN‒ were failed to alter the absorbance of the probe BHP except F‒ ions as shown in Figure 3a. Moreover, the incremental addition of F‒ ions (0-50 µM), the higher energy band at 367 nm was decreased along with the increment in new absorption band at 482 nm results an excellent ratiometric response. The new low energy band observed at 482 nm due to the deprotonation of–OH group present in salicyl moiety initiated by hydrogen bonding [Figure 3b]. At that affair, the solution turns into orange color from pale yellow and it was simply discerned by naked eye [Figure 4]. Besides, under identical condition, the fluorescence titration experiment of BHP was carried out in the presence of different anions. Interestingly, the probe BHP displayed low intensed fluorescence band at 601 nm and the other competing anions were failed to affect the fluorescence intensity except F‒ ions as shown in [Figure 5a]. Further, the incremental addition of F‒ ions triggers the enhancement in intensity results an excellent “turn on” fluorescence response due to the deprotonation and the inhibition of charge transfer state stimulated by resonance around the moiety [Figure 5b]. 3.3. Competitive experiments To gauge the selectivity and recognizing ability of BHP, competitive analysis was performed in the presence of varying concentration of F‒ ion (0-50 µM). Initially, the probe was treated with 5 × 10-3 M of different anions such as, CN-, I-, Br-, Cl-, NO2-, CH3COO-, H2PO4- and HSO4-. The other common competing anions were failed to bind with the probe BHP except F- ion [Figure 6 (a) and (b)]. From these observations, it is ensured that BHP could act as an excellent selective and sensitve chromogenic receptor for F- ions in real time monitoring and different biological applications. Figure 3 (a): UV-vis spectra of BHP with 5 × 10-3 M of other anions in DMSO/H2O (9: 1 v/v) system. (b) UV-visible spectra of BHP (5 µM) with F‒ (0-50 µM) in DMSO/H2O (9: 1 v/v) system. Figure 4. Naked eye detection of F‒ ions with BHP under visible light (top) and UV-lamp (bottom) and BHP with Cd2+ visible light only (bottom). Figure 5 (a): Fluorescence spectra of BHP (5µM) with 5 × 10-3 M of other anions in DMSO/H2O (9: 1, v/v) system. Excitation at 482 nm. Slit width is 5 nm. (b) Fluorescence spectra of BHP (5µM) with F‒ (0-50 µM) in DMSO/H2O (9: 1, v/v) system. Excitation at 482 nm. Slit width is 5 nm. Figure 6 (a): Selectivity analysis of F‒ ion with BHP in the presence of competing anions. Excitation at 480 nm, Slit width = 5 nm. (b) The blue bars represent the change of the fluorescence intensity of BHP with the consequent addition of other anions. The pink bars represent the addition of the competing anions to BHP. Excitation at 480 nm, Slit width = 5 nm. 3.4. Job’s plot analysis and calculation of binding constant of BHP for Cd2+/F‒ ions Furthermore, the Job’s plot [Figure 7(a) and (b)] analysis based on UV-visible and fluorescence titration experiments results confirmed the 1:1 binding stoichiometry of BHP with both Cd2+/F‒ ions respectively. To further support the binding stoichiometry of BHP with Cd2+/F‒ions, ESI-MS spectral analysis were performed. The ESI-MS spectral analysis of BHP-Cd2+/BHP-F‒ disclosed peaks at 327.45/258.28 corresponds to [BHP+Cd2++Na+]/[BHP+F‒+H++Na+] respectively (Figure S3-S4, See ESI). Furthermore, the 1:1 binding stoichiometry of BHP with F− ions was confirmed via 1H NMR titration profile (Figure 8) and 19F NMR. The deprotonation of ‒OH group present in the salicyl moiety was initiated by hydrogen bonding and the plausible binding mode of BHP with Cd2+ and F‒ ion is shown in Scheme 2. Further, the absorbance and fluorescence intensity changes of Cd2+ ions (A472 nm) and F‒ ions (A482 nm, I603 nm) were plotted against [Cd2+] and [F‒] respectively provided a good linear relationship between both BHP and Cd2+/F‒ ions (Figure S5, S6 and S7, See ESI). From absorbance and fluorescence titration profile, the binding constant values of BHP for Cd2+/F‒ ions were calculated using modified Benesi-Hildebrand method ions (Figure S8, S9 and S10, See ESI). The binding constant values of BHP with Cd2+ ions were found to be 4.26 ×10-4 M from UV-visible titration profile. Similarly, the binding constant values of BHP with F‒ ions were estimated to be 6.03 ×10-3 M / and 3.01 × 10-4 M from UV-visible and fluorescence titration profile respectively. The detection limits (LOD) of F‒ were calculated to be 0.05 nM respectively. Moreover, the LOD values of BHP signifies that the probe might be utilized for the quantitative determination of F‒ ions in environment and real system. Figure 7 (a) Job’s plot for BHP with F‒ ion. (b) Job’s plot for BHP with Cd2+ ion Scheme 2. Binding mode of BHP with Cd2+/F‒ ions 3.5. 1H NMR titrations of BHP with F- ions In addition, to confirm and highly supported the 1:1 binding stoichiometry of probe with F- ions, 1H NMR titrations was performed. Upon addition of F- ion (0.5 equiv), the proton signal corresponds to phenolic –OH group at 11.14 ppm was gradually decreased. Further, addition of 1 equiv. of F- ions to BHP showed the complete disappearance of –OH proton signal as depicted in Figure 8. Moreover, the binding stoichiometric ratio of F- ion with BHP was further supported by 19F NMR experiment. The (H2F)- signal appeared at -124.33 ppm (Figure S11-S12, See ESI) confirms the deprotonation process arose from phenolic –OH proton. Figure 8 1H NMR titration of BHP with F- (0-1equiv) in DMSO-d6 3.6. DFT calculations of BHP with Cd2+/F- ion To recognize the fluorescence enhancement of probe BHP after complexation with F-, DFT calculations were accomplished. The optimized structures of BHP, BHP-Cd2+ and BHP-F- were obtained using DFT/B3LYP-6-311G and B3LYP/LanL2DZ basis sets respectively. The frontier molecular orbital diagram obtained from optimized structure of BHP is presented in Figure 9. Upon binding with Cd2+ ion, the HOMO and LUMO are delocalized over the entire salicyl unit and their energy gap was reduced. It is noteworthy that inhibition of charge transfer in probe BHP renders the reduction of absorbance at 367 nm and 470 nm. Moreover, Complexation of F- ion to the probe BHP leads to lowering of HOMO-LUMO energy gap. In the presence of F-, HOMO and LUMO are distributed over the whole molecule of BHP. From these results, the F- ion was efficiently binded and complexed with BHP than Cd2+ ion. Figure 9. Frontier molecular orbital diagram of BHP, BHP-Cd2+and BHP-F‒ 3.7. Live cell Imaging analysis of BHP in HeLa cells / Zebrafish embryos The cell viability or cytotoxicity analysis of BHP (0–200 µM) against Human HeLa cells were performed using MTT assay. In 100 µM of BHP, cell viability was obtained as too high as 98%. (Figure S13, See ESI). Hence, the probe was sucessfully used for live cell imaging analysis of F- ions in Figure 10. Live cell fluorescence imaging analysis of BHP in HeLa cells. (a) Bright field images of HeLa cells incubated with BHP (25 µM) for 3h (b) Fluorescence merged images of HeLa cells incubated with BHP (25 µM) (c) Fluorescence image of HeLa cells incubated with BHP (25 µM) alone (d) Fluorescence image of HeLa cells incubated with BHP (25 µM) and 25 µM of F‒ ions for 1 h HeLa cells. Further, the HeLa cells were pre-treated with 25 µM of BHP alone for 3 h. Then HeLa cells were seaded with 25 µM of F- ions for 1h. In the absence of F- ions, the probe BHP exposed a weak yellow fluorescence. However, addition of F- ions to the probe BHP induced a bright orange fluorescence (Figure 10). These results endorsed that the probe BHP can be successfully utilized for the intracellular fluorescence imaging analysis of F- ions in HeLa cells. Besides, the exceptional cell viability output of BHP has been further explored in four days Zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish has positioned as a well-known vertebrate model in numerous biological applications. From this perspective, we have utilized also zebrafish embryos as a living animal model to expose the excellent imaging potential of BHP for the detection of F‒ ion in the biological environment (Figure 11) . Figure 11. Fluorescence imaging analysis of F‒ ion in 4 days old Zebrafish embryos developed with BHP and various concentrations of F‒ ion (a) bright field images of BHP (25 µM) alone, (b) fluorescence merged images of BHP and F- ion (25 µM) (c) fluorescence image of BHP (25 µM) alone (d) 25 µM of F‒ ion for 2 h continuously incubated with BHP (25 µM) for 3 h. 3.8. Evaluation of BHP with previous reports The probe BHP has valid and multi features such as single step synthesis, dual-mode recognition, turn-on fluorescence response and colorimetric change. The probe BHP displayed unique sensing property among other dual sensors. Table S1 compares the sensing performance of BHP with recently reported F‒ receptors. Amid, BHP exhibits too low limit of detection when compared with other previously reported chemoreceptors cited in table S1. Also, the limit of detection of BHP is within the range of recommended limits set by both EPA and WHO for F‒ Ions. Moreover, the fluorescence imaging experiments inferred that the probe BHP can be utilized as potential tool for mapping F‒ ion distribution in HeLa cells and Zebrafish embryos. Conclusions We have designed and synthesized a new chromogenic and fluorogenic probe based on salicylhydrazone derivative for the selective and sensitive detection of both Cd2+/F- ions by colorimetrically and fluorimetrically respectively. As per our knowledge, it is a novel simple hydrazone receptor for sensing carcinogenic heavy metal Cd2+ via colorimetric method and biologically significant F‒ ion by both colorimetric and fluorimetric methods. The binding constant value of Cd2+ ion was found to be 4.26×10-4 M by UV-visible method where as 6.03×10-3 and 3.01×10-4 M for F- ion by both UV-visible and fluorescence methods respectively. The limit of detection was found to be 0.05 nM for F- ion. The excellent biological potential of BHP has been successfully utilized for the detection of F- ions in Zebrafish embryos and human HeLa cells. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Extramural Research, New Delhi, India (Grant No. 01(2901)17/EMR-II. The Department of Science and Technology, SERB, Extramural Major Research Project (Grant No. EMR/2015/000969), Department of Science and Technology, CERI, New Delhi, India (Grant No. DST/TM/CERI/C130(G) and we acknowledge the DST-FIST, DST-PURSE,DST-IRPHA, UPE programme and UGC-NRCBS, SBS, MKU for providing instrumentation facilities. References Jäkle, F. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3985. 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Produção sazonal de duas espécies FORRAGEIRAS irrigadAS Jhésmila Ingridy Bueno1; Giuliani do Prado1; Adriano Catossi Tinos1; Rafael Rech Bruscagin1 e Gessyka Roberti Volpato1 1Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola - DEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Rodovia PR 482, km 45, CEP: 87.820-000, Cidade Gaúcha-PR, Brasil. E-mail: jhesmilabueno@hotmail.com, gprado@uem.br, actinos@uem.br, rafaelrechbruscagin@hotmail.com, gessyka_volpato@hotmail.com. 1 RESUMO Esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da irrigação sobre a produção de dois capins, em diferentes épocas do ano. O experimento foi conduzido entre maio de 2014 e junho de 2015, na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha-PR. O delineamento experimental foi em faixas com parcelas subdividas, quatro repetições e três fatores: i) espécies forrageiras (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça e Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Piatã); ii) irrigação (irrigado e não irrigado); iii) épocas de corte (oito cortes). As lâminas de irrigação foram determinadas para reposição da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0), estimada pela equação de Penman-Monteith. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que: i) a produtividade das duas forrageiras não apresentou diferenças significativas; ii) a época de corte teve efeito significativo sobre a produção das forrageiras sob irrigação e o cultivo irrigado foi superior ao de sequeiro do primeiro ao quarto corte; iii) as maiores produtividades de matéria seca ocorreram nos meses de maiores temperaturas e radiação solar (novembro a janeiro). Para diferentes épocas do ano, a produção de massa seca pode ser estimada a partir de equações de regressão em função da temperatura e da radiação solar, para o cultivo irrigado (R2 = 73,5%) e de sequeiro (R2 = 91,9%). Palavras-chave: irrigação de pastagem, forrageiras tropicais, temperatura, radiação solar. Bueno, J. I.; Prado, G.; Tinos, A. C.; Bruscagin, R. R.; Volpato, G. R. Seasonal production of two irrigated FORAGE species 2 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the irrigation effect under pasture production of Mombaça and Piatã grasses in different year seasons. The experiment was carried out from May 2014 to June 2015, at Universidade Estadual de Maringá, at Cidade Gaúcha-PR. The experiment was set up in strip-plot design, four replications and three factors: i) forage species (Megathyrsus maximus cv. ‘Mombaça’ and Urochloa brizantha cv. ‘BRS Piatã’); ii) irrigation (irrigated and non-irrigated); iii) cutting cycles (eight cuts). Irrigation water depths were calculated forreplacement of reference evapotranspiration (ET0), estimated with Penman-Monteith equation. The results showed that: i) there were no significant differences across the forage species yield; ii) the forage dry matter yield under irrigation was dependent on the harvest season, and the irrigated forages had yields higher than those of non-irrigated forages from the first to fourth cutting cycle; iii) the highest dry matter yields occurred in months with higher values of temperature and solar radiation (November to January). The forage yields depended on the year season, and the forage dry matter yields can be estimated from regression equations as a function of temperature and solar radiation, for irrigated (R2 = 73.5%) and non-irrigated (R2 = 91.9%) pasture. Keywords: pasture irrigation, tropical forage crops, temperature, solar radiation.

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Ключові слова: пам’ять, ідентичність, національна ідентичність, комеморація, кмеморативні практики. Анотація Національна ідентичність, з одного боку, є однією з фундаментальних ідентичностей, тобто, вона може служити орієнтиром для людини навіть тоді, коли інші (професійні, родинні, класові) швидко змінюються внаслідок трансформації суспільства. З іншого боку, зміни суспільства, його соціальних інститутів (як агентів впливу) змінюють зміст і форми національної ідентичності членів суспільства. Відтак усталення тієї чи іншої моделі ідентичності здійснюється в певному соціальному контексті, який задає не тільки спектр альтернатив, але й набір різних комеморативних практик. У статті обґрунтовується взаємообумовленість смислоконституювання пам’яттєвого та ідентичнісного дискурсів, із урахуванням того, що пам’яттєвий дискурс, з одного боку, віддзеркалює характерні риси національної ідентичності, а з іншого – формує своєрідну смислову основу останньої, моделює її, впливаючи на зміни з різним ступенем інтенсивності. Доведено, що національна ідентичність формується за допомогою колективної пам’яті та комеморативних практик. Посилання Anderson, 2001 – Anderson B. Voobrazhaemыe soobshchestva. Razmыshlenyia ob ystokakh y rasprostranenyy natsyonalyzma [Imaginary communities. Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism]. M. : Kanon-press, 2001. 288 s. [in Russian] Assman, 2012 – Assman A. Prostory spohadu. Formy ta transformatsii kulturnoi pam’iati [Spaces of memory . Forms and transformations of cultural memory] / per. z nim. K. Dmytrenko, L. Doronicheva, O. Yudin. K.: Nika-Tsentr, 2012. 440 s. (Seriia «Zmina paradyhmy». Vyp. 15). 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Memoryalyzatsyia y zabvenye kak mekhanyzmы proyzvodstva kulturnoho edynstva y raznoobrazyia [Memorialization and oblivion as mechanisms for the production of cultural unity and diversity] // Fundamentalnыe problemы kulturolohy. T. VI. Kulturnoe nasledye: ot proshloho k budushchemu / otv. red. D.L. Spyvak M., Spb.: Novыi khronohraf, Эidos, 2009. C. 56–68. [in Russian] Voropaieva, 2011 – Voropaieva T.S. Formuvannia natsionalnoi i yevropeiskoi identychnosti hromadian Ukrainy: teoretyko-empirychni aspekty (1993–2010 roky) [Formation of national and European identity of citizens of Ukraine: theoretical and empirical aspects (1993-2010)]. // Naukovi studii iz sotsialnoi ta politychnoi psykholohii. 2011. Vyp. 26. S. 333-343. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nsspp_2011_26_40. [in Ukrainian] Hibernau, 2012 – Hibernau M. Identychnist natsii [Identity of Nations] / per. z anhl. P. Tarashchuka; red. L. Marchenko. K.: Tempora, 2012. 303 s. [in Ukrainian] Huzman, Sappa, 2016 – Huzman O.A., Sappa H-M.M. 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Kommemoratsyia ystorycheskykh sobytyi kak ynstrument symvolycheskoi polytyky: Vozmozhnosty sravnytelnoho analyza [Commemorating Historical Events as a Tool of Symbolic Politics: Possibilities for Comparative Analysis] // Polytyia. 2017. № 4 (87). S. 6-11. [in Russian] Malynova, 2018 – Malynova O.Yu. Kommemoratsyia stoletyia revoliutsyy(i) 1917 hoda v RF: analyz stratehyi kliuchevykh mnemonycheskykh aktorov [Commemoration of the centenary of the revolution (s) of 1917 in the Russian Federation: analysis of the strategies of key mnemonic actors] // Polys. Polytycheskye yssledovanyia. 2018. № 1. S. 9–25. [in Russian] Mehyll, 2007 – Mehyll A. Ystorycheskaia epystemolohyia [Historical epistemology] / Perevod Kukartsevoi M., Kashchaeva V., Tymonyna V. M.: «Kanon+»; ROOY «Reabylytatsyia», 2007. 480 s. [in Russian] Nahorna, 2005 – Nahorna L. Identychnist natsionalna [National identity] // Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy: T. 3: E-I / Redkol.: V.A. Smolii (holova) ta in. NAN Ukrainy. 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[in Russian] Nora, 2005 – Nora P. Vsemyrnoe torzhestvo pamiaty [World commemoration] // Neprykosnovennыi zapas. 2005. № 2–3 (40-41). URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2005/2/ ha2.html. [in Russian] Ptashnyk-Serdiuk, 2012 – Ptashnyk-Serdiuk O.I. Sotsiolohichnyi analiz protsesu identyfikatsii [Sociological analysis of the identification process] // Naukovi pratsi. Sotsiolohiia. 2012. Vyp. 189. T. 201. S. 60–64. [in Ukrainian] Renan, 2006 – Renan E. Shcho take natsiia? [What is a nation?] // Natsionalizm: Antolohiia / Uporiad. O. Protsenko, V. Lisovyi. 2-he vyd. K.: Smoloskyp, 2006. S. 107-120. [in Ukrainian] Rykёr, 2004 – Rykёr P. Pamiat, ystoryia, zabvenye [Memory, history, oblivion] / Per. s fr. M.: Yzd-vo humanytarnoi lyt-ry, 2004. 728 s. [in Russian] Romanovskaia, Fomenko, 2015 – Romanovskaia E.V., Fomenko N.L. Ydentychnost y kommemoratsyia [Identity and commemoration] // Vlast. 2015. № 7. S. 81–84. [in Russian] Riuzen ,2010 – Riuzen Y. 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Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have proven to be good nano-sources of heat in the presence of specific electromagnetic radiation. This process, in fact, becomes strongly enhanced under plasmon resonance. In particular, the amount of generated heat and the consequent temperature increase depend on the number of GNPs that are collectively excited and on their relative distance. As a result, the regime of heat localization is deeply controlled by this last parameter. Full Text: PDF ReferencesHutter, E., and Fendler, J. H. "Exploitation of localized surface plasmon resonance". Advanced Materials 16.19, 1685-1706 (2004) CrossRef Liz-Marzán, L. M., Murphy, C. J., & Wang, J. "Nanoplasmonics". Chemical Society Reviews, 43(11), 3820-3822 (2014). CrossRef Maier, S. A. "Plasmonics: fundamentals and applications". Springer Science & Business Media (2007). CrossRef Palpant, B. "Photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles in physics, chemistry and biology". Imperial College Press, London, (2012). DirectLink Baffou, G. and Quidant R. "Thermo-plasmonics: using metallic nanostructures as nanosources of heat". Laser & Photonics Reviews, 7(2):171?187, (2013). CrossRef Pelton, M., Aizpurua, J., & Bryant, G. "Metal?nanoparticle plasmonics". Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2(3), 136-159 (2008). CrossRef Kreibig, U., & Vollmer, M. "Optical properties of metal clusters" (Vol. 25). Springer Science & Business Media (2013). DirectLink J., Prashant K., S. Eustis, and M. A. El-Sayed. "Plasmon coupling in nanorod assemblies: optical absorption, discrete dipole approximation simulation, and exciton-coupling model." The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110 (37) 18243-18253 (2006). CrossRef Jain, P. K., & El-Sayed, M. A. "Surface plasmon coupling and its universal size scaling in metal nanostructures of complex geometry: elongated particle pairs and nanosphere trimmers". The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 112(13), 4954-4960 (2008). CrossRef Chapuis, P. O., Laroche, M., Volz, S., & Greffet, J. J. "Radiative heat transfer between metallic nanoparticles". Applied Physics Letters, 92(20), 201906 (2008). CrossRef Jain, P. K., & El-Sayed, M. A. "Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures". Chemical Physics Letters, 487(4), 153-164 (2010). CrossRef Cataldi, U., Caputo, R., Kurylyak, Y., Klein, G., Chekini, M. Cesare Umeton, C., Bürgi, T. "Growing gold nanoparticles on a flexible substrate to enable simple mechanical control of their plasmonic coupling". J. Mater. Chem. C, 2, 7927-7933 (2014). CrossRef

Integrated multispectral devices provide convenient means for assessing the inputs to the five known photoreceptors present in the human retina. These photoreceptors drive relevant visual and non-visual pathways that control key aspects of human physiology. In this Letter we show that standard metrics of retinal photoreceptoral exposure can be quantitatively estimated, to within a 5%, by means of 12 multispectral channels, 20 nm wide (FWHM), distributed across the visible range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesD.M. Berson, F.A. Dunn, M. Takao, "Phototransduction by Retinal Ganglion Cells That Set the Circadian Clock", Science 295, 1070 (2002). CrossRef R.J. Lucas et al. "Measuring and using light in the melanopsin age", Trends in Neurosciences 37, 1 (2014). CrossRef Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage. TN 003:2015 Report on the First International Workshop on Circadian and Neurophysiological Photometry, 2013. CIE, 2015. DirectLink A. Sánchez de Miguel et al, "Evaluating Human Photoreceptoral Inputs from Night-Time Lights Using RGB Imaging Photometry", Journal of Imaging 5(4), 49 (2019). CrossRef M.S. Rea, M.G. Figueiro, A. Bierman, R. Hamner. "Modelling the spectral sensitivity of the human circadian system", Lighting Research and Technology 44, 386 (2012). CrossRef D. Cao, P.A. Barrionuevo, "Estimating photoreceptor excitations from spectral outputs of a personal light exposure measurement device", Chronobiology International 32(2), 270 (2015). CrossRef P.B. Liebelt, An Introduction to Optimal Estimation (Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley, 1967). CrossRef J. Escofet, S. Bará, "Reducing the circadian input from self-luminous devices using hardware filters and software applications", Lighting Research and Technology 49, 481 (2017). CrossRef

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been identified as one of the most promising alternative technologies for future stationary large-scale storage and light electromobility applications. Indeed, the potential cost decrease with respect to the lithium-ion technology, and the sustainability provided by using Earth abundant elements lead to lower economic and geopolitical impact.[1,2] Great achievements in terms of materials development have been reported in the recent years. However, further work is still needed to fully understand the structure-function correlation in several SIB materials. Easy-synthesis Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have attracted much attention as potential cathode material in SIBs. Their open framework structure with large interstitial spaces allows a range of different compositions and enables fast Na+ insertion/extraction. However, a key factor affecting the electrochemical performance of PBAs is the crystal water in the structure arising from aqueous synthesis environments.[3] Thus, many have investigated improved synthesis methods aiming at reducing crystal water and associated structural defects.[4] Goodenough et al[5] firstly reported the improved electrochemical stability of PBAs through dehydration converting Na-rich monoclinic Na2MnFe(CN)6 to a rhombohedral structure. More recent studies, including Zhou et al[6] and Chou et al[7], further highlighted the negative impact of structural water on electrochemical performance. So far, the water sensitivity of PBAs has hindered aqueous electrode processing as demonstrated by the several studies conducted on N-methyl pyrrolidone-based electrodes. A more comprehensive understanding of the effect of crystal water and the induced degradation processes is necessary for obtaining high-performance electrode materials produced through environmentally friendly aqueous processing. Herein, we investigate the electrochemical behaviour of an aqueous-processed Fe-based Prussian white (PW) cathode material (Na2-x Fe[Fe(CN)6]1-y·zH2O).[8] The use of such material and processing matches the requirements for low toxicity, cost, and resource abundance in large-scale applications. We uniquely show that, by carefully tuning the water content in the PW structure, the electrochemical performance can be significantly improved. As structural water is removed by tuning the temperature and vacuum conditions during the electrode preparation, the crystallinity of the structure can be controlled, and optimal electrochemical behaviour can be achieved. Moreover, with the combination of cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we elucidate the activity of the low spin/ high spin Fe2+/3+redox reactions, the Na+ transport properties and the electrode’s structural and morphological changes. This allows to understand holistically the effect of crystal water on the electrochemical performance of PW cathodes. We then demonstrate that our approach is scalable and can be applied to different cell formats representing a step forward in the upscale of sustainable and low-cost sodium-ion cells. References [1] I. Hasa et al, Journal of Power Sources 2021, 482, 228872. [2] C. Vaalma et al, Nature reviews materials 2018, 3, 1. [3] W.-J. Li et al, Small 2019, 15, 1900470. [4] J. Qian et al, Advanced Energy Materials 2018, 8, 1702619. [5] J. Song et al, J Am Chem Soc 2015, 137, 2658. [6] J. Hu et al, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2022, 14, 12234. [7] W. Wang et al, Advanced Functional Materials 2022, 2111727. [8] D. O. Ojwang et al, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2021, 13, 10054.

In this paper an improved and modified version of full Nesterov–Todd step infeasible interior-point methods for symmetric optimization published in [A new infeasible interior-point method based on Darvay’s technique for symmetric optimization, Ann. Oper. Res. 211(1) (2013) 209–224; G. Gu, M. Zangiabadi and C. Roos, Full Nesterov–Todd step infeasible interior-point method for symmetric optimization, European J. Oper. Res. 214(3) (2011) 473–484; Simplified analysis of a full Nesterov–Todd step infeasible interior-point method for symmetric optimization, Asian-Eur. J. Math. 8(4) (2015) 1550071, 14 pp.] is considered. Each main iteration of our algorithm consisted of only a feasibility step, whereas in the earlier versions each iteration is composed of one feasibility step and several — at most three — centering steps. The algorithm finds an [Formula: see text]-solution of the underlying problem in polynomial-time and its iteration bound improves the earlier bounds factor from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Moreover, our method unifies the analysis for linear optimization, second-order cone optimization and semidefinite optimization.

ABSTRACTOn a global and regional scale, Indonesia has one of the least environmentally sustainable economies in the Asia-Pacific region. Consumption is one of the key factors contributing to environmental degradation. By using materialism and environmental knowledge as mediators, this study aimed to understand how religiosity affects ethical consumption. This research used quantitative methods with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis techniques based on partial least squares (PLS). The data came from a questionnaire distributed online. 153 valid questionnaires were selected for analysis. All respondents came from Indonesia, were adults (from 18 years old), and were Muslims. Findings show that religiosity influences ethical consumption, materialism, and environmental knowledge. This research also reveals that materialism and environmental knowledge influence ethical consumption, as well as the mediating effect of materialism and environmental knowledge on the influence between religiosity and ethical consumption. So, all hypotheses from this research can be accepted. These findings contribute theoretically to explaining the relationship between religiosity, materialism, environmental knowledge, and ethical consumption. Thus, this findings contribute to the field of Islamic economics. Practically, the findings of this research can help marketers formulate communication strategies that take into account the level of religiosity of consumers in Indonesia. Marketers must avoid unethical practices to encourage ethical consumption.Keywords: Religiosity, ethical consumption, materialism, environmental knowledge ABSTRAKPada skala global dan regional, Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan perekonomian paling tidak ramah lingkungan di kawasan Asia-Pasifik. Konsumsi merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap degradasi lingkungan. Dengan menggunakan materialisme dan enviromental knowledge sebagai mediator, penelitian ini berupaya memahami bagaimana religiosity mempengaruhi ethical consumption. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis Structural Equation Model (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS). Data berasal dari kuesioner yang disebarkan online. 153 kuesioner yang valid dipilih untuk analisis. Seluruh responden berasal dari Indonesia, dewasa (mulai 18 tahun) dan beragama Islam. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa religiosity berpengaruh terhadap ethical consumption, materialism, dan environmental knowledge. Selain itu juga diketahui bahwa materialism dan environmental knowledge berpengaruh ethical consumption, serta adanya efek mediasi dari materialism dan environmental knowledge pada pengaruh antara religiosity dan ethical consumption. Sehingga, semua hipotesis penelitian ini dapat diterima. 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The challenge of implementing character education has an impact on the development of children's character. This study aims to describe the form of parenting using tueak serembeak in early character development and education in the Rejang tribe. This qualitative research uses a case study method with two male respondents. Data was collected by documentation, interviews, observations, and field notes and analysed using the Miles and Huberman stages. The theoretical study as the basis of research shows that tueak serembeak can form twelve characters in early childhood, responsibility, courage to take decisions, sharing, caring, survival, tenacity, cooperation, hard work, never give up, keep the spirit, dare to accept challenges, and be patient in dealing with problems. However, the findings in the field show that there are only four characters that appear, being responsible, sharing, caring and patient in dealing with problems. 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A glucose meter has been developed utilizing boric acid-modified carbon dots as a fluorescence probe. Boric acid-modified carbon dots produces varying fluorescence emission with varying glucose concentration in water. Boric acid-modified carbon dots mixed with glucose addition was excited by a violet laser (405 nm), then the emission intensity was detected by a photodetector to be converted to an electrical signal that as an input signal for a microcontroller for glucose concentration measurement. The output voltage of the glucose meter is corresponding to the fluorescence emission measured by using a spectrofluorometer with glucose concentration in the boric acid-modified carbon dots. Full Text: PDF ReferencesH. Teymourian, A. Barfidokht, J. Wang, "Electrochemical glucose sensors in diabetes management: an updated review (2010–2020)", Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 7671 (2020). CrossRef D.C. Klonoff, "Overview of Fluorescence Glucose Sensing: A Technology with a Bright Future", J Diabetes Sci. Technol. 6(6), 1242 (2012). CrossRef J.C. Pickup, F. Hussain, N.D. Evans, O.J. Rolinski, David J.S. Birch, "Fluorescence-based glucose sensors", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 2555 (2005). CrossRef H. Fang, G. Kaur, B. Wang, "Progress in Boronic Acid-Based Fluorescent Glucose Sensors", J. Fluoresc. 14(5), 481 (2004). CrossRef T. Kawanishi, M.A. Romey, P.C. Zhu, M.Z. Holody, S. Shinkai, "A Study of Boronic Acid Based Fluorescent Glucose Sensors", J. Fluoresc. 14(5), 499 (2004). CrossRef A.S. Krishna, P.A. Nair, C. Radhakumary, K. Sreenivasan, "Carbon dot based non enzymatic approach for the detection and estimation of glucose in blood serum", Mater. Res. Express 3(1), 055001 (2016). CrossRef G.P.C. Mello, E.F.C. Simões, D.M.A. Crista, J.M.M. Leitão, L. Pinto da Silva, J.C.G. Esteves da Silva, "Glucose Sensing by Fluorescent Nanomaterials", Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 49(6), 542 (2019). CrossRef X. Shan, L. Chai, J. Ma, Z. Qian, J. Chen, H. Feng, "B-doped carbon quantum dots as a sensitive fluorescence probe for hydrogen peroxide and glucose detection", Analyst 139, 2322 (2014). CrossRef J. Dong, S. Li, H. Wang, Q. Meng, L. Fan, H. Xie, C. Cao, W. Zhang, "Simple Boric Acid-Based Fluorescent Focusing for Sensing of Glucose and Glycoprotein via Multipath Moving Supramolecular Boundary Electrophoresis Chip", Anal. Chem. 85(12), 5884 (2013). CrossRef Y. Cui, F. Chen, X-B. Yin, "A ratiometric fluorescence platform based on boric-acid-functional Eu-MOF for sensitive detection of H2O2 and glucose", Biosens. Bioelectron. 135, 208 (2019). CrossRef

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Sclerosant foam, a mixture of a surfactant liquid and air, is injected directly into varicose veins as a treatment that causes the vein to collapse. This investigation develops a model that will allow the medical specialist to visualise how the sclerosant foam will interact with the blood and behave within the vein. The process is simulated using a multiphase computational fluid dynamics model with the sclerosant foam considered as a two-phase non-Newtonian power law viscosity liquid. The governing multiphase equations are solved using an Eulerian⁠–⁠Eulerian approach coupled with a population balance model to predict the bubble size distribution within the flow field. The computational results demonstrate similar flow characteristics and flow features to an available set of experimental results. The model predicts the mixing layers between the sclerosant foam and the ambient fluid, and the sclerosant liquid and the ambient fluid, as well as the sclerosant liquid coverage on the vein wall and the bubble size distribution within the vein. These quantities are of interest to medical specialists allowing them to assess the treatment feasibility and safety before treating the patients. References S. Ali Mirjalili, J. C. Muirhead, and M. D. Stringer. Redefining the surface anatomy of the saphenofemoral junction in vivo. Clin. Anat., 27(6):915–919, 2014. doi:10.1002/ca.22386. E. Cameron, T. Chen, D. E. Connor, M. Behnia, and K. Parsi. Sclerosant foam structure is strongly influenced by liquid air fraction. Eur. J. Vasc. Endo. Surg., 46:488–494, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.07.013. P. Coleridge-Smith. Saphenous ablation: Sclerosant or sclerofoam? Semin. Vasc. Surg., 18:19–24, 2005. doi:10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2004.12.007. J.-J. Guex. Complications and side-effects of foam sclerotherapy. Phlebology, 24:270–274, 2009. doi:10.1258/phleb.2009.009049. Ansys Inc. ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 population balance module manual. ANSYS, 2010. URL https://www.afs.enea.it/project/neptunius/docs/fluent/html/popbal/main_pre.htm. F. Ren, N. A. Noda, T. Ueda, Y. Sano, Y. Takase, T. Umekage, Y. Yonezawa, and H. Tanaka. CFD-PMB coupled simulation of a nanobubble generator with honeycomb structure. volume 372 of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, page 012012, June 2018. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/372/1/012012. P. Souroullas, R. Barnes, G. Smith, S. Nandhra, D. Carradice, and I. Chetter. The classic saphenofemoral junction and its anatomical variations. Phlebology, 32(3):172–178, 2017. doi:10.1177/0268355516635960. A. H. Syed, M. Boulet, T. Melchiori, and J. M. Lavoie. CFD simulations of an air-water bubble column: Effect of Luo coalescence parameter and breakup kernels. Front. Chem., 5(68):1–16, 2017. doi:10.3389/fchem.2017.00068. T. Wang and J. Wang. Numerical simulation of gas-liquid mass transfer in bubble column with a CFD-PBM coupled model. Chem. Eng. Sci., 62:7107–7118, 2007. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.08.033. M. R. Watkins. Deactivation of sodium tetradecyl sulphate injection by blood proteins. Euro. J. Vasc. Endo. Surg., 41(4): 521–525, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2010.12.012. K. Wong. Experimental and numerical investigation and modelling of sclerosant foam. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 2018. K. Wong, T. Chen, D. E. Connor, M. Behnia, and K. Parsi. Basic physiochemical and rheological properties of detergent sclerosants. Phlebology, 30(5):339–349, 2015. doi:10.1177/0268355514529271. K. C. Wong, T. Chen, D. E. Connor, M. Behnia, and K. Parsi. Computational fluid dynamics of liquid and foam sclerosant injection in a vein model. Appl. Mech. Mater., 553:293–298, 2014. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.553.293.

Solar cells based on c-Si/porous-Si/CdS/ZnxCd1-xO heterojunctions were synthesized by depositing CdS films on c-Si/porous-Si (PS) substrates by electrochemical deposition (ED). PS layers with systematically varied pore diameter (8-45 nm) and were fabricated on p-type c-Si wafers using electrochemical etching. The window layers of ZnxCd1-xO with several Zn concentrations(x=0.2; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6) were also deposited on the CdS buffer layers by ED. The photoelectrical properties of heterojunctions were studied as functions of PS pore size and Zn content in ZnxCd1-xO. The optimal pore size and Zn contents were found to be 10 nm and x=0.6, respectively. These yielded a solar cell sample exhibiting an efficiency of 9.9%, the maximum observed in this study. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.A.Green. "Limiting efficiency of bulk and thin-film silicon solar cells in the presence of surface recombination", Progress in Photovoltaic 7, 327 (1999). CrossRef P.Papet, O. Nichiporik, A. Kaminski et al. "Pyramidal texturing of silicon solar cell with TMAH chemical anisotropic etching", Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, 2319 (2006). CrossRef P. Vitanovet et al. "High-efficiency solar cell using a thin porous silicon layer", Thin Solid Films 297, 299 (1997). CrossRef L. Santinacci et al. "Electrochemical and optical characterizations of anodic porous n-InP(1 0 0) layers", Electrochim. Acta 56, 878 (2010). CrossRef V.Lehmann. "The Physics of Macropore Formation in Low Doped n‐Type Silicon", J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 2836 (1993). CrossRef Bisi O et al. "Porous silicon: a quantum sponge structure for silicon based optoelectronics", Surface Science Reports 38, 1 (2000). CrossRef A.I. Raid et al. Applied Nanoscience 7, 9 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Naser et al. "Characteristics of Nanostructure Silicon Photodiode using Laser Assisted Etching", Procedia Engineering 53, 393 (2013). CrossRef D.H. Oh et al. J. Ceram. Process. Res. "Effects of a H2SO4 treatment on the optical properties in porous Si layers and electrical properties of diode devices fabricated with a H2SO4 treated porous Si layer", 9, 57 (2008). DirectLink H. Foll et al. "Formation and application of porous silicon", Materials Science and Engineering R 280, 1 (2002). CrossRef P. Granitzer et al. "Porous Silicon—A Versatile Host Material", Materials 3, 943 (2010). CrossRef G. Korotcenkov, Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application (Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2016). DirectLink V.Y. Yerokhov. "Porous silicon in solar cell structures: a review of achievements and modern directions of further use", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rev. 3, 291 (1999). CrossRef A. Ramizy et al. "New optical features to enhance solar cell performance based on porous silicon surfaces", Appl. Surf. Science 257, 6112 (2011). CrossRef F. Ruske et al. "Large area ZnO:Al films with tailored light scattering properties for photovoltaic applications", Thin Solid Films 515, 8695 (2007). CrossRef Y. Alivov et al. "Observation of 430 nm electroluminescence from ZnO/GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2943 (2003). CrossRef G.V. Lashkarev et al. "Properties of zinc oxide at low and moderate temperatures", Low Temp. Phys. 37, 289 (2011). CrossRef P.M. Devshette et al. "Growth and physical properties of ZnxCd1−xO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique", J. of Alloys and Compunds 463, 576 (2008). CrossRef Y. Caglar et al. "Morphological, optical and electrical properties of CdZnO films prepared by sol–gel method", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 065421 (2009). CrossRef A. Abdinov et al. "Photosensitivity of p,n-Si/n-Cd1−xZnxS heterojunctions manufactured by a method of electrochemical deposition", Thin Solid Films 480-481, 388 (2005). CrossRef A Abdinov et al. "Investigation of electrodeposited p-Si/Cd1 − xZnxS1 − ySey heterojunction solar cells", Thin Solid Films 511-512,140 (2006) CrossRef J.B. Orhan et al. "Nano-textured superstrates for thin film silicon solar cells: Status and industrial challenges", Sol. Cells 140, 344 (2015). CrossRef H.Ch. Alan et al. "Light management of tandem solar cells on nanostructured substrates", J. Photon. Energy 7, 027001 (2017) CrossRef

New methods are presented for determining the role of coupled ocean-atmosphere model climate bias on the strength and variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and on the seasonal ensemble prediction of El Nino and La Nina events. An intermediate complexity model with a global atmosphere coupled to a Pacific basin ocean is executed with parallelised algorithms to produce computationally efficient year-long forecasts of large ensembles of coupled flow fields, beginning every month between 1980 and 1999. Firstly, the model is provided with forcing functions that reproduce the average annual cycle of climatology of the atmosphere and ocean based on reanalysed observations. We also configure the model to generate realistic ENSO fluctuations. Next, an ensemble prediction scheme is employed which produces perturbations that amplify rapidly over a month. These perturbations are added to the analyses and give the initial conditions for the ensemble forecasts. The skill of the forecasts is presented and the dependency on the annual and ENSO cycles determined. Secondly, we replace the forcing functions in our model with functions that reproduce the averaged annual cycles of climatology of two state of the art, comprehensive Coupled General Circulation Models. The changes in skill of subsequent ensemble forecasts elucidate the roles of model bias in error growth and potential predictability. References C. S. Frederiksen, J. S. Frederiksen, and R. C. Balgovind. ENSO variability and prediction in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Aust. Met. Ocean. J., 59:35–52, 2010a. URL http://www.bom.gov.au/jshess/papers.php?year=2010. C. S. Frederiksen, J. S. Frederiksen, and R. C. Balgovind. Dynamic variability and seasonal predictability in an intermediate complexity coupled ocean-atmosphere model. In Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2012, volume 54 of ANZIAM J., pages C34–C55, 2013a. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v54i0.6296. C. S. Frederiksen, J. S. Frederiksen, J. M. Sisson, and S. L. Osbrough. Trends and projections of Southern Hemisphere baroclinicity: the role of external forcing and impact on Australian rainfall. Clim. Dyn., 48:3261–3282, 2017. doi:10.1007/s00382-016-3263-8. J. S. Frederiksen, C. S. Frederiksen, and S. L. Osbrough. Seasonal ensemble prediction with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Aust. Met. Ocean. J., 59:53–66, 2010b. URL http://www.bom.gov.au/jshess/papers.php?year=2010. J. S. Frederiksen, C. S. Frederiksen, and S. L. Osbrough. Methods of ensemble prediction for seasonal forecasts with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. In Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Computational Techniques and Applications Conference, CTAC-2012, volume 54 of ANZIAM J., pages C361–C376, 2013b. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v54i0.6509. P. R. Gent, G. Danabasoglu, L. J. Donner, M. M. Holland, E. C. Hunke, S. R. Jayne, D. M. Lawrence, R. B. Neale, P. J. Rasch, M. Vertenstein, P. H. Worley, Z.-L. Yang, and M. Zhang. The community Climate System Model version 4. J. Clim., 24:4973–4991, 2011. doi:10.1175/2011JCLI4083.1. S. Grainger, C. S. Frederiksen, and X. Zheng. Assessment of modes of interannual variability of Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation in CMIP5 models. J. Clim., 27:8107–8125, 2014. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00251.1. E. Kalnay, M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77:437–472, 1996. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2. H. A. Rashid, A. Sullivan, A. C. Hirst, D. Bi, X. Zhou, and S. J. Marsland. Evaluation of El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the ACCESS coupled model simulations for CMIP5. Aust. Met. Ocean. J., 63:161–180, 2013. doi:10.22499/2.6301.010. K. E. Taylor, R. J. Stouffer, and G. A. Meehl. An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93:485–498, 2012. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1.

Gaudet, D. A., Puchalski, B. J., Despins, T., McCartney, C., Menzies, J. G. and Graf, R. J. 2013. Seeding date and location affect winter wheat infection by common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) in western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 483–489. The majority of western Canadian winter wheat varieties are susceptible to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis) and the risk to production, particularly in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, where the majority of production occurs, is unknown. Inoculated trials were employed to determine the effects of fall seeding date on bunt infection levels on one resistant and two susceptible winter wheat varieties at three locations in western Canada during three growing seasons from 2007/2008 to 2009/2010. Among the three locations, average infection levels were highest in Lethbridge, AB, followed by Glenlea, MB, and Saskatoon, SK. Later seeding resulted in high infection levels at all three locations in the susceptible varieties, particularly in Lethbridge, but high infection levels were observed in the earliest seeded treatments at both the Saskatchewan and Manitoba locations. The resistant variety Blizzard consistently exhibited infection levels of less than 3% infection across all environments. In a second test at conducted at Lethbridge, 10 of the 11 currently grown winter wheat varieties were susceptible to common bunt. These results indicate that there is a general risk of common bunt infection to winter wheat production across western Canada and that control measures must be taken until resistant varieties are developed.

Ensuring that Older People have good quality of life is one of the major goals of any caregiver. Caregivers, which includes nurses, must be holistic in their provision of care to meet such a goal. Since one of the dimensions of quality of life is spirituality, these researchers sought to describe if any relationship exists between the caregivers’ spiritual care practices and the quality of life of the older people in their care. Institutionalized older people were surveyed using the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics scale and WHO Quality of Life for Filipino Older People to measure the spiritual care practices of caregivers and the quality of life of Older People, respectively. Results show no significant relationship between the two variables, which may be due to the fact that quality of life is composed of several dimensions, in which spirituality is only one, and is multi-factorial in nature; suggesting that quality of life is influenced by several factors and how these factors interplay ultimately determine the quality of life of Older People. The researchers recommend that a mixed-method approach be used to further understand the lack of direct relationship between the two variables. References Abbasi, M., Farahani-Nia, M., Mehrdad, N., Azamgivari, and Haghani, H. (2014). Nursing students’ spiritual well-being, spirituality and spiritual care. Iran Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2014 May-Jun; 19(3): 242-247.Almeida-Brasil, C. C., Silveira, M. R., Silva, K. R., Lima, M. G., Faria, C. D. C. de M., Cardoso, C. L., Menzel, H.-J. K., Ceccato, M. das G. B. (2017). Qualidade de vida e características associadas: aplicação do WHOQOL-BREF no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 22(5), 1705-1716. doi:10.1590/1413-81232017225.20362015Bai, M., & Lazenby, M. (2015). A systematic review of associations between spiritual well-being and quality of life at the scale and factor levels in studies among patients with cancer. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 18(3), 286-298. doi:10.1089/jpm.2014.0189Baldacchino, D. R. (2006). Nursing competencies for spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(7), 885-896. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01643.xBerman, A., and Snyder, S. (2012). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of nursing: concepts, process, and practice, 9th ed. WY: Pearson Canada, A. L., Murphy, P. E., Fitchett, G., & Stein, K. (2015). Reexamining the Contributions of Faith, Meaning, and Peace to Quality of Life: a Report from the American Cancer Society’s Studies of Cancer Survivors-II (SCS-II). Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 50(1), 79-86. doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9735-yCarpenter, K., Girvin, L., Kitner, W., & Ruth-Sahd, L. A. (2008). Spirituality. dimensions of critical care nursing, 27(1), 16-20.doi:10.1097/01.dcc.0000304668.99121Chen, J., Lin, Y., Yan, J., Wu, Y., and Hu, R. (2018). The effects of spiritual care on quality of life and spiritual well-being among patients with terminal illness: A systematic review. Palliative Medicine, 1-13. doi: 10.1177/0269216318772267 Chen, Y.-H., Lin, L.-C., Chuang, L.-L., & Chen, M.-L. (2017). The relationship of physiopsychosocial factors and spiritual wellbeingin elderly residents: Implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 14(6), 484-491. doi:10.1111/wvn.12243Counted, V., Possamai, A., & Meade, T. (2018). Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017: an integrative research review.health and quality of life outcomes, 16(1). doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0895-xCrimmins, EM (2015). Lifespan and healthspan: Past, preseny, promise. Gerontologist, 55(6):901-11. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnv130De Araújo, A. A., Rebouças Barbosa, R. A. S., de Menezes, M. S. S., de Medeiros, I. I. F., de Araújo, R. F., & de Medeiros, C. A. C. X. (2015). Quality of life, family support, and comorbidities in institutionalized elders with and without symptoms of depression. Psychiatric Quarterly, 87(2), 281-291. doi:10.1007/s11126-015-9386-yDe Almeida Moreira, P., Roriz, A. K. C., Mello, A. L., & Ramos, L. B. (2015). Quality of life of institutionalized elderly in Brazil. SocialIndicators Research, 126(1), 187-197. doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0888-7Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rojo-Pérez, F., Martínez-Martín, P., Prieto-Flores, M.-E., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Martín-García, S., Rojo-Abuín, J.-M. and Forjaz, M.-J. (2015). Active ageing and quality of life: factors associated with participation in leisure activities among institutionalized older adults, with and without dementia. Aging & Mental Health, 19(11), 1031-1041. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.996734Garcia, L.M.R., and Navarro, J.M.R. (2018). The impact of quality of life on the health of older people from a multidimensional perspective. Journal of Aging Research. 2018: 4086294. doi: 10.1155/2018/4086294Goldberg, B. (1998). Connection: an exploration of spirituality in nursing care. Journal of advanced nursing, 27(4):836-42. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00596.x Haugan, G. (2014). The relationship between nurse–patient interaction and meaning-in-life in cognitively intact nursing home patients.Journal of Advanced Nursing 70(1), 107-120. doi: 10.1111/jan.12173Jacobs, J. (2009). Quality of life: what does it mean for general practice? British Journal of General Practice, 59(568), 807-808. doi:10.3399/bjgp09x472854Kalish, N. (2012). Evidence-based spiritual care: a literature review. Current Opinion Supportive and Palliative Care, 2012, 6:242-246. doi:10.1097/SPC.0b013e328353811cKhaje-Bishak, Y., Payahoo, L., Pourghasem, B., Jafarabadi, M.A. (2014). Assessing the quality of life in elderly people and related factors in Tabriz, Iran. Journal of Caring Sciences, 2014, 3(4), 257-263. doi:10.5681/jcs.2014.028Mamier, I. & Taylor, E. J. (2015). Psychometric evaluation of the nurse spiritual care therapeutics scale. Western Journal of Nursing Research. 37(5), 679-694. doi: 10.1177/0193945914530191Matos TDS, Meneguin S, Ferreira MLS, and Miot HA. (2017). Quality of life and religious-spiritual coping in palliative cancer carepatients. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem; 25:e2910. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1857.2910Parse, R. R. (Ed.). (1999). Illumination: The human becoming theory in practice and research. Boston, MA: Jones & Bartlett.Pinkas, J., Gujski, M., Humeniuk, E., Raczkiewicz, D., Bejga, P., Owoc, A., and Bojar, I. (2016). State of health and quality of life of women at advanced age. Medical Science Monitor, 2016; 22: 3095-3105. doi:10.12659/MSM.900572Şahin, Z.A., and Özdemir, F.K. (2016): Spirituality and spiritual care: A descriptive survey of nursing practices In Turkey, Contemporary Nurse. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2016.1221324Sawatzky, R. Ratner, P.A., and Chiu, L. (2005). A meta-analysis of the relationship between spirituality and quality of life. SocialIndicators Research. 72 (2) 153-188. doi: 10.1007/s11205-004-5577-xShrivastava, S.R., Shrivastava, P.S., Ramasamy, J. (2013). Role of selfcare in management of diabetes mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorder, 5;12(1):14. doi: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-14Walker, A. and Breitmaster, C. (2017). The provision of spiritual care in hospices: A study in four hospices in North Rhine-Westphalia. Journal of Religion and Health. 56(6): 2237-2250. doi: 10.1007/s10943-017-0396-yWorld Health Organization (WHO) 2012. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77777/1/WHO_MSD_MER_Rev.2012.04_eng.pdf?ua=1.Willemse, S., Smeets, W., Leeuwen, E., Janssen, L., and Foudraine, N. (2017). Spiritual care in the ICU: Perspectives of Dutch intensivists, ICU nurses, and spiritual caregivers. Journal of Religion and Health. 57(2): 583-595. doi: 10.1007/s10943-017-0457-2Yousefi, H. and Abedi, H.A. (2011). Spiritual care in hospitalized patients. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. Winter;16(1):125-132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203292/

We present the temperature dependent elastic and ultrasonic properties of sodium borohydride. The second and third order elastic constants of NaBH4 have been computed in the temperature range 0-300K using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The sodium borohydride crystallizes into NaCl-type structure. The computed values of second order elastic constants have been applied to evaluate the temperature dependent mechanical properties such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, tetragonal modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Zener anisotropy factor and ultrasonic velocity to predict futuristic information about sodium borohydride. The fracture to toughness ratio (bulk modulus/shear modulus) in sodium borohydride varied from 1.91 to 1.62, which shows its behavioral change from ductile to brittle on increasing the temperature. Then, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters have been computed with the use of elastic constants in the temperature regime 100-300K. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available experimental and theoretical results. [1] A. Amudhavalli, M. Manikandan, A. Jemmy Cinthia, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy and K. Iyakutti, Z. Naturforsch. A 72 (2017) 321. [2] D.Singh, P.K.Yadawa and S.K.Sahu, Cryogenics 50 (2010) 476. [3] V. Bhalla, D.Singh and S.K.Jain, Int. J. Comput. Mat. Sc. Eng. 5 (2016) 1650012. [4] S. Kaushik, D. Singh and G. Mishra, Asian J. Chem. 24 (2012) 5655. [5] D. Chernyshov, A. Bosak, V. Dmitriev, Y. Filmchuk and H. Hagemann, Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008)172104. [6] H. Hagemann, S. Gomes, G. Renaudin and K. Yvon, J. Alloys Compd. 363 (2004) 126. [7] Y. Filinchuk, D. Chernyshov and V. Dmitriev, Z. Kristallogr. 223 (2008) 649. [8] Z.Xiao Dong, J.Z. Yi, Z. Bo, H. Z. Feng and H.Y. Qing, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(2011)076201. [9] T. Ghellab, Z. Charifi, H. Baaziz, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur and F. Soyalp, Phys. Scr. 91 (2016) 045804. [10] S. Bae, S. Gim, H. Kim and K. Hanna, Appl. Catal. B: Environm. 182 (2016) 541. [11] G. Renaudin, S. Gomes, H. Hagemann, L. Keller and K. Yvon, J Alloys Compd. 375 (2004) 98. [12] P. Vajeeston, P. Ravindran, A. Kjekshus and H. Fjellvåg, J Alloys Compd. 387 (2005) 97. [13] S. Orimo, Y. Nakamori, J.R. Eliseo, A. Zuttel and C. M. Jensen, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 4111. [14] A. Istek and E. Gonteki, J. Environ. Bio.7 (2009) 951. [15] R. S. Kumar and A.L. Cornelinus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 261916. [16] E. Kim, R. Kumar, P. F. Weck, A. L. Cornelius, M. Nicol, S. C. Vogel, J. Zhang, M. Hartl, A.C. Stowe, L. Daemen and Y. Zhao, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. B 111 (2007) 13873. [17] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev. 133 (1964) A1611. [18] P.B. Ghate, Phy. Rev. 139 (1965) A1666 [19] S. Mori, Y. Hiki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 45 (1975) 1449. [20] V. Bhalla, R. Kumar, C. Tripathy and D. Singh, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27 (2013) 1350116. [21] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S. Tripathi, V. Bhalla and A. K. Gupta, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2014) 485. [22] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev.137 (1965) 1826. [23] W. P. Mason, Physical Acoustics, vol. IIIB, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [24] M.P. Tosi, Solid State Physics, vol. 12, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [25] Y. Nakamori and S. Orimo, J. Alloy Compd.370(2004)271. [26] D. Singh, D.K. Pandey and P.K. Yadawa, Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 7 (2009) 198. [27] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, G. Mishra and M. Wan, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 38 (2016)23. [28] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S.K. Pandey, G. Mishra and V. Bhalla, VNU J. Sc.: Math. Phys. 32(2016)43. [29] J.P.Watt and L. Peselnick, J.Appl. Phys. 51 (1980) 1525. [30] S.F.Pugh, Philos.Mag. 45 (1954) 823. [31] V. Bhalla, D. Singh and S.K. Jain, Int. J. Thermophys. 37(2016)33. [32] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, S.K. Jain and R. Kumar, Pramana- J. Phys. 86 (2016)135.

The over prescribing of broad-spectrum antibiotics has given rise to the multidrug resistance in bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance caused the medicines and treatments to become ineffective and became difficult to treat infection. In order to avoid the overuse of antibiotics, antibacterial material have been developed and applied in preventing bacterial infection, drug delivery, and medical implant. Nanomaterials materials show great potential in many applications [1-33]. Therefore, in our study, we designed nanosilica islands on graphene oxide template to disperse the silver nanoparticles and improve its antibacterial properties. Silver nanoparticles have been known for its exceptional antimicrobial properties. However, some bacteria were able to use their flagellum to cause the silver nanoparticles agglomerated. By using silica nanoparticles and graphene oxide, we not only avoid the agglomerated issues but also improve the antibacterial ability of the material. Our novel composite was characterized by using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Tranmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The silica nanoparticles and graphene template helped to form dispersed nanoparticles of 7 nm. The composite successfully eliminated 99.99% of Escherichia coli and Bacillus Subtilis within one hour. References: ME Mahmoud, SS Haggag, MA Rafea, TM Abdel-Fattah, Polyhedron 28 (16), 3407-3414 (2009) C Huff, JM Long, A Aboulatta, A Heyman, TM Abdel-Fattah, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 6 (10), M115 (2017) A Wixtrom, J Buhler, T Abdel-Fattah, Journal of Chemical Education 91 (8), 1232-1235 (2014) ME Mahmoud, SS Haggag, TM Abdel-Fattah, Polyhedron 26 (14), 3956-3962 (2007) C Huff, T Dushatinski, A Barzanji, N Abdel-Fattah, K Barzanji, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 6 (5), M69 (2017) TM Abdel-Fattah, B Bishop, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 39 (11-12), 2855-2866 (2014) Quach, E. Biehler, A. Elzamzami, C. Huff, J.M. Long, T.M. Abdel Fattah, Catalysts, 11, 118 (2021). Biehler, Q. Quach, C. Huff, T. M. Abdel-Fattah, Materials, 15, 2692 (2022). TM Abdel-Fattah, ME Mahmoud, MM Osmam, SB Ahmed, Journal of Environmental Science and health, part A 49 (9), 1064-1076 (2014) ME Mahmoud, TM Abdel-Fattah, MM Osman, SB Ahmed, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 47 (1), 130-141 (2012) C Huff, E Biehler, Q Quach, JM Long, TM Abdel-Fattah, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 610 (5), 125734 (2021) K Foe, G Namkoong, TM Abdel-Fattah, H Baumgart, MS Jeong, DS Lee, Thin solid films 534, 76-82 (2013) M Abdel-Fattah, A Wixtrom, K Zhang, W Cao, H Baumgart, ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology 3 (10), M61 (2014) M. Abdel Fattah, M.E. Mahmoud, S.B. Ahmed, M.D. Huff, J.W. Lee, S. Kumar, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 22, 103-109 (2015) M. Abdel-Fattah, M.E Mahmoud, M. M. Osmam, S.B. Ahmed, Journal of Environmental Science and health part A, 49, 1064-1076 (2014) ME Mahmoud, MA Khalifa, YM El Wakeel, MS Header, TM Abdel-Fattah, Journal of Nuclear Materials 487, 13-22 (2017) C Huff, T Dushatinski, TM Abdel-Fattah, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (30), 18985-18990 (2017) M Stacey, C Osgood, BS Kalluri, W Cao, H Elsayed-Ali, T Abdel-Fattah, Biomedical Materials 6 (1), 011002 (2011) SE Mohmed Labeb, Abdel-Hamed Sakr, Moataz Soliman, Tarek M.Abdel-Fattah, Optical Materials 79, 331-335 (2018) ME Mahmoud, MM Osman, SB Ahmed, TM Abdel-Fattah, Chemical engineering journal 175, 84-94 (2011) TM Abdel-Fattah, ME Mahmoud, Chemical engineering journal 172 (1), 177-183 (2011) R Bhure, TM Abdel-Fattah, C Bonner, JC Hall, A Mahapatro, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology 6 (2), 117-128 (2010) TM Abdel-Fattah, D Loftis, A Mahapatro, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology 7 (6), 794-800 (2011) OH Elsayed-Ali, T Abdel-Fattah, HE Elsayed-Ali, Journal of hazardous materials 185 (2-3), 1550-1557 (2011) R Bhure, A Mahapatro, C Bonner, TM Abdel-Fattah, Materials Science and Engineering: C 33 (4), 2050-2058 (2013) BE Bishop, BA Savitzky, T Abdel-Fattah, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 73 (4), 565-571 (2010) C Huff, JM Long, A Heyman, TM Abdel-Fattah, ACS Applied Energy Materials 1 (9), 4635-4640 (2018) TM Abdel-Fattah, EM Younes, G Namkoong, EM El-Maghraby, Synthetic Metals 209, 348-354 (2015) S Ebrahim, M Soliman, TM Abdel-Fattah, Journal of electronic materials 40 (9), 2033-2041 (2011) SH Lapidus, A Naik, A Wixtrom, NE Massa, V Ta Phuoc, L del Campo, Crystal growth & design 14 (1), 91-100 (2014) A Mahapatro, TD Matos Negrón, C Bonner, TM Abdel-Fattah, Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 3 (2), 196-204 (2013) S Ebrahim, M Labeb, T Abdel-Fattah, M Soliman, Journal of Luminescence 182, 154-159 (2017) T Dushatinski, C Huff, TM Abdel-Fattah, Applied Surface Science 385, 282-288 (2016)

With the rising demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have become an attractive alternative with the promise of improved safety, reduced cost, and lower environmental impact.1 However, the larger ion size of sodium cation has major consequence on the battery chemistry, which provides several challenges and opportunities for designing electrode materials and electrolyte solutions.2 Graphite is the currently most used anode material in LIBs. However, its use in SIBs, with traditional carbonate-based electrolytes, results in very poor specific capacities due to unfavorable thermodynamic processes.3 A strategy around this problem is to choose different solvents: Ethers and in particular glymes can exhibit a co-intercalation behavior into the graphite structure by forming ternary graphite intercalation compounds.4, 5 Although the co-intercalation of solvent molecules with sodium cation leads to a large increase in the graphite framework, the cycle life and rate capability of the reaction are excellent. Regardless of this, there is a lack of evidence for a comparable reaction with other electrode materials. Hence, it would be of interest to identify a cathode material that operates via this same mechanism. A battery based on solvent co-intercalation at both electrodes can have minimized charge-transfer resistances due to the absence of desolvation steps, and great cycle life. Thus, such a system can show high power density over many cycles. It has also been shown that stripping of the solvation shell can be the rate limiting step for battery operation, especially at subzero temperatures.6 Such a solvent co-intercalation battery (CoIB) could therefore be more energy efficient compared to other batteries or could enable a better low-temperature performance. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as promising anode materials owing to their low cost, high electric conductivity, good thermal stability and environmental friendliness. Among them, titanium sulphide (TiS2), with a two-dimensional framework, exhibits several advantages such as a high conductivity (compare to other metal oxides), a larger interlayer distance (0.569 nm) compared to graphite (0.335 nm) and high stability. 7 Several papers have reported on the use of TiS2 as an anode material for SIBs, and observed that the voltage profiles and electrochemical behaviour of the system is highly dependent on the choice of electrolyte. However, this has seldomly been explicitly stated and the cause of the electrolyte dependence has never been investigated. By using operando and in-situ techniques such as Operando XRD and dilatometry, Na-diglyme complexes were showed to co-intercalate, similar as graphite, into TiS2. In contrast, no signs of solvent co-intercalation are observed in cyclic ethers and conventional carbonate-based electrolytes – where instead the redox reaction with TiS2 results in the formation of different NaxTiS2 compounds. As we identified TiS2 as “co-intercalation electrode” in glyme-based electrolytes it served to create the first ever solvent co-intercalation battery (CoIB – pronounced Co-IB) which was done by pairing TiS2 (positive electrode) with graphite (negative electrode).8 This work could enable the development of highly energy efficient batteries with minimum charge transfer resistances and References I. Hasa, S. Mariyappan, D. Saurel, P. Adelhelm, A. Y. Koposov, C. Masquelier, L. Croguennec and M. Casas-Cabanas, J. Power Sources, 2021, 482, 228872. P. Adelhelm, P. Hartmann, C. L. Bender, M. Busche, C. Eufinger and J. Janek, Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 2015, 6, 1016-1055. B. Jache and P. Adelhelm, Angew. Chem., 2014, 126, 10333-10337. B. Jache, J. O. Binder, T. Abe and P. Adelhelm, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2016, 18, 14299-14316. M. Goktas, C. Bolli, J. Buchheim, E. J. Berg, P. Novák, F. Bonilla, T. f. Rojo, S. Komaba, K. Kubota and P. Adelhelm, ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2019, 11, 32844-32855. S. S. Zhang, K. Xu and T. R. Jow, Journal of Power Sources, 2003, 115, 137-140. Q. Yun, L. Li, Z. Hu, Q. Lu, B. Chen and H. Zhang, Adv. Mater., 2020, 32, 1903826. G. A. Ferrero, G. Avall, K. A. Mazzio, Y. Son, K. Janssen, S. Risse and P. Adelhelm, Adv. Energy Mater., 2022, 2202377. an improved low temperature performance, where the charge transfer can become rate limiting. Figure 1

El aprendizaje autorregulado, los estilos de aprendizaje y la motivación para el trabajo intelectual tienen gran importancia en la actualidad por su influencia sobre los procesos de aprendizaje. Este estudio, descriptivo y correlacional, procura determinar el grado de relación que existe entre estas variables y su nivel de significación, pues esta información podría ser de gran ayuda en el momento de planear las estrategias de aprendizaje dentro de las aulas. Se administró el Cuestionario Honey-Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA) y el Cuestionario de Estrategias de Aprendizaje y Motivación (CEAM) para el trabajo intelectual a una muestra de 110 alumnos de una escuela preparatoria de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Se encontró que la supervisión y la autoevaluación, como estrategias metacognitivas, fueron las mejores valoradas. Por otro lado, la organización de la información resaltando las ideas principales obtuvo una valoración muy pobre. El modelo planteado para analizar la relación entre las estrategias metacognitivas, la motivación y los estilos de aprendizaje alcanzó niveles de ajuste satisfactorios. Se observa una aparente ausencia de relación entre la motivación y los estilos de aprendizaje en coincidencia con resultados de otros estudios consultados. Por otro lado, en la literatura se ha encontrado que estudiantes con ciertos estilos de aprendizaje tienden a tener una preferencia por determinadas estrategias metacognitivas. No obstante, en la presente investigación no se observaron tales correlaciones, lo cual puede atribuirse a que en esta investigación el desarrollo de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje es muy equilibrado, además de que únicamente la mitad de los encuestados tiende a tener un estilo preferente. En conclusión, los estilos de aprendizaje conforman un constructo que es independiente de la motivación y las estrategias metacognitivas. Referencias Aguilera Pupo, E. y Ortiz Torres, E. A. (2008). La caracterización de perfiles de estilos de aprendizaje y sus implicaciones didácticas en la educación superior. Pedagogía Universitaria, 13(5), 1-13. Alarcón Díaz, M. A. (2013). Motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y metacomprensión lectora: un estudio descriptivo en alumnos universitarios peruanos. Revista Educación y Desarrollo Social, 7(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.18359/reds.735 Alonso, C., Gallego, D. y Honey, P. (1999). Los estilos de aprendizaje (5ª ed.). Bilbao: Mensajero. Arias Gallegos, W. L., Zegarra Valdivia, J. y Justo Velarde, O. (2014). Estilos de aprendizaje y metacognición en estudiantes de psicología de Arequipa. Liberabit, 20(2), 267-279. Blumen, S., Rivero, C. y Guerrero, D. (2011). Universitarios en educación a distancia: estilos de aprendizaje y rendimiento académico. Revista de Psicología, 29(2), 225-243. Cázares Castillo, A. (2009). El papel de la motivación intrínseca, los estilos de aprendizaje y estrategias metacognitivas en la búsqueda efectiva de información online. Pixel-Bit, 35, 73-85. Contreras Gastélum, Y. I. y Lozano Rodríguez, A. (2012). Aprendizaje auto-regulado como competencia para el aprovechamiento de los estilos de aprendizaje en alumnos de educación superior. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 10(5), 114-147. Collins, N. D. (1994). Metacognition and reading to learn. ERIC Digest. Recuperado de http://www.indiana.edu/~reading/ieo/digests/d96.html Gravini Donado, M. L. e Iriarte Diazgranados, F. (2008). Procesos metacognitivos de estudiantes con diferentes estilos de aprendizaje. Psicología desde el Caribe, 22, 1-24. Hacker, D. (1995). Metacognition: Definitions and empirical foundations. New York: Roudlegde. Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B. y Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (7ª ed.). México: Pearson Prentice Hall. Herczeg, C. y Lapegna, M. (2010). Autorregulación, estrategias y motivación en el aprendizaje. Lenguas Modernas, 37, 9-19. Isaza Valencia, L. (2014). Estilos de aprendizaje: una apuesta por el desempeño académico de los estudiantes en la educación superior. Encuentros, 12(2), 25-34. Kohler Herrera, J. L. (2013). Rendimiento académico, habilidades intelectuales y estrategias de aprendizaje en universitarios de Lima. Liberabit, 19(2), 277-288. Lamas Rojas, H. (2008). Aprendizaje autorregulado, motivación y rendimiento académico. Liberabit, 14, 15-20. Lanz, M. (Comp.). (2006). El aprendizaje autorregulado. Enseñar a aprender en diferentes entornos educativos. Buenos Aires: Noveduc. Laudadío, M. y Da Dalt, E. (2014). Estudio de los estilos de enseñanza y estilos de aprendizaje en la universidad. Educación y Educadores, 17(3), 483-498. doi:10.5294/edu.2014.17.3.5 López Aguado, M. y Silva Falchetti, E. (2009). Estilos de aprendizaje. Relación con motivación y estrategias. Revista Estilos de Aprendizaje, 4(2), 36-55. 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In this paper we propose and study simultaneous transmission of photonic power and bidirectional communication to and from sensors via 840/1310 nm WDMs. The photovoltaic converter is used both for power conversion and data transfer from the high power laser at 808nm up to 1Mb/s while the 1310nm link can be up to 155 Mb/s.Full Text: PDF References:J.C.V.da Silva, E.L.A.S.de Souza, V.Garcia, J.B.Rosolem, C.Floridia, M.A.B.Sanches, "Design of a Multimode Fiber Optic Cable to Transmit Optical Energy for Long Reach in PoF Systems", Proceedings of the 63rd IWCS Conference, International Wire & Cable Symposium, Shrewsbury, PA, USA, 2014, pp.832-839. [CrossRef]J.B. Rosolem, E.K.Tomiyama, D.C.Dini, F.R.Bassan, R.S.Penze, A.A.Leonardi, C. Floridia, J.P.Fracarolli, R.M.Teixeira, "A fiber optic powered sensor designed for partial discharges monitoring on high voltage bushings". Proc. of SBMO/IEEE MTT‐S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC); 3-6 Nov. 2015; Porto de Galinhas, Brazil, pp. 1-5. [CrossRef]T.C. Banwell, R.C.Estes, L.A.Reith, P.W.Shumate, E.M.Vogel, "Powering the fiber loop optically - a cost analysis", IEEE J. of Lightwave Techn., Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 481-494, 1993. [CrossRef]M. Dumke, G. Heiserich, S. Franke, L. Schulz, and L. Overmeyer, "Power Transmission by Optical Fibers for Component Inherent Communication", Systemics, Cybernetics And Informatics, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 55-60, (2010) [DirectLink]C. Gao, J. Wang, L. Yin, J. Yang, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Optically Powered Active Sensing System for Internet Of Things, Proc. SPIE 9270, Optoelectronic Devices and Integration V, 927016 (24 October 2014) [CrossRef]J. Yan, J. Wang, Y. Lu, J. Jiang, H. Wan, Novel Wireless Sensor System Based on Power-over-Fiber Technique, 14th Int. Conf. on Optical Comm. and Networks (ICOCN) 3-5 July 2015, Nanjing, China, 15382393 [CrossRef]Böttger, G.; Dreschmann, M.; Klamouris, C.; Hü bner, M.; Röger, M.; Bett, A. W.; Kueng, T.; Becker, J.; Freu de, W.; Leuthold, J.: An Otically Powered Video Camera Link. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 20, No. 1, pages 39-41, 2008. [CrossRef]M. Matsuura and J. Sato, Bidirectional Radio-Over-Fiber Systems Using Double-Clad Fibers for Optically Powered Remote Antenna Units, IEEE Photonics J., Vol. 7, No. 1, 2015, 7900609 [CrossRef]J. Wang, Q. Li, J. Yan, Y. Ding, Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, H. Wan, Power-Over-Fiber Technique based Sensing System for Internet оf Things, 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), Hangzhou, China, Sep. 24-27, 2016. [CrossRef]S. Kartalopoulos, Optical Bit Error Rate: An Estimation Methodology (2004) Willey- IEEE Press. [CrossRef]J. Shikoski, R. Arnaudov, and T. Eftimov, A study of the frequency characteristics of a photovoltaic convertor РРС-4Е, Photonics Letters of Poland, Vol. 10(3), (2018), pp. 70-72 [CrossRef]J. B. Rosolem, Optical Fiber and Wireless Communications, Ed. by R. Róka, Ch. 13, Power‐Over‐Fiber Applications for Telecommunications and for Electric Utilities, Intech Open Ltd, London, 2017, pp.255-278. [CrossRef]

The purpose of this research and development research was (1) to produce a humanistic social-based learning model that was suitable for the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students and (2) to test its effectiveness. The type of research used was RnD with a 4-D development model developed by Thiagarajan. The research subjects on a small scale were 4 students of grade IV and on a wide scale were all students in grade IV of SD Taman Muda IP. The data analysis technique used descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative analysis technique was used to describe the stages of developing a humanistic social-based learning model in improving mathematical communication skills. Quantitative analysis techniques were utilized to test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Based on research data, validation tests from experts and practitioners, it can be concluded that the humanistic social-based learning model in improving the mathematical communication skills of elementary school students was valid, practical, and effective. After going through the validation stage, both experts and practitioners, the product developed was said to be valid (feasible and can be used). After being tested on a small scale and a large scale, the product developed was included in the practical and effective criteria. Thus, the developed model can be used as reference material in enriching the learning process in elementary schools so that it is hoped that student learning outcomes can alsobe enhanced Keywords: humanistic, communication, mathematics, social. References: Aloni, N. 2013. Empowering dialogues in humanistic education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 45(10), 1067-1081. Ansari, B. I. 2012. Komunikasi Matematik dan Politik. Banda Aceh: Yayasan Pena. 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This work presents barium gallo-germanate glasses co-doped with Bi+/Er3+ and Cr3+/Er3+ ions for NIR luminescence. The addition of Al2O3 content in the glass matrix made it possible to obtain luminescence corresponding to the 3P1→3P0 transition of Bi+ ions. Co-doping with the Bi+/Er3+ system resulted in a broad luminescence spectrum of 1.0-1.6 µm and Cr3+/Er3+ co-doping in selected glass matrix resulted in luminescence in 0.9-1.6 µm band. However, the luminescence of the Cr3+ ions is much lower than that of Er3+ ions. Full Text: PDF References T. Suzuki, G.S. Murugan, and Y. Ohishi, 'Optical properties of transparent Li2O-Ga2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics embedding Ni-doped nanocrystals', Appl. Phys. Lett., 86(13), 131903 (2005). CrossRef N.V. Golubev et al., 'Pre-crystallization heat treatment and infrared luminescence enhancement in Ni2+-doped transparent glass-ceramics', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 515, 42 (2019) CrossRef Z. Xu, W. Feng, T. Chen, X. Liu, and J. Qiu, 'Tuning optical properties in PbSe quantum dot-doped borosilicate glass fiber by modulation of network topology', Opt. Laser Technol., 158, 108910 (2023). CrossRef M.A. Hughes, T. Suzuki, and Y. Ohishi, 'Spectroscopy of bismuth-doped lead-aluminum-germanate glass and yttrium-aluminum-silicate glass', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 356(44), 2302 (2010). CrossRef J. Song, Z. Zhou, B. Zhong, M. Zhang, J. Huang, and L. Han, 'Ultra-broadband near-infrared Cr3+-doped multi-phase glass-ceramics realized by the selective enrichment strategy for near-infrared spectroscopy applications', J. Alloys Compd., 968, 172126 (2023). CrossRef M.A.U. Martines, M.R. Davolos, M.J. Júnior, D.F. de Souza, and L.A.O. Nunes, 'Cr3+ and Cr4+ luminescence in glass ceramic silica', J. Lumin., 128(11), 1787 (2008). CrossRef S. Zhou, H. Dong, H. Zeng, J. Hao, J. Chen, and J. Qiu, 'Infrared luminescence and amplification properties of Bi-doped GeO2−Ga2O3−Al2O3 glasses', J. Appl. Phys., 103(10), 103532 (2008). CrossRef T. Suzuki and Y. Ohishi, 'Ultrabroadband near-infrared emission from Bi-doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glass', Appl. Phys. Lett., 88(19), 191912 (2006). CrossRef T. Minh Hau et al., 'Super broadband near-infrared emission and energy transfer in Bi-Er co-doped lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses', Opt. Mater., 35(3), 487 (2013). CrossRef H.K. Dan et al., 'Effects of Y3+on the enhancement NIR emission of Bi+-Er3+ co-doped in transparent silicate glass-ceramics for Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA)', J. Lumin., 219, 116942 (2020). CrossRef E.M. Dianov, 'Bismuth-doped optical fibers: a challenging active medium for near-IR lasers and optical amplifiers', Light Sci. Appl., 1(5) (2012). CrossRef L. Wang, L. Tan, Y. Yue, M. Peng, and J. Qiu, 'Efficient Enhancement of Bismuth NIR Luminescence by Aluminum and Its Mechanism in Bismuth‐Doped Germanate Laser Glass', J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 99(6), 2071 (2016). CrossRef Z. Jiang et al., 'Effects of Al2O3 composition on the near-infrared emission in Bi-doped and Yb-Bi-codoped silicate glasses for broadband optical amplification', J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 383, 196 (2014). CrossRef

The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (ES) of non-irradiated (thermally treated) and irradiated Polypropylene (PP) - styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were studied. The content of SBR (mass %) on PP and radiation dose play an important role on tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PP-SBR composites. Tensile strength (TS) decreased markedly on increasing the SBR content on PP and even on exposing to radiation. The elastic modulus (EM) of PP-SBR composite has a tendency to increase with radiation dose and aging time but decreases with SBR loading. The water uptakes increase with SBR loading which accelerate with aging.Keywords: Polypropylene; Styrene butadiene rubber; Tensile strength; Elastic modulus.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.3288 J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 481-489 (2011)