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Cobo Sánchez, José Luis, Antonio Ochando-García, Ian Blanco Mavillard, Francisco Cirera Segura, Rodolfo Crespo Montero i Rafael Casas Cuestas. "Análisis del impacto de la producción científica de la revista Enfermería Nefrológica entre 1998 y 2017". Enfermería Nefrológica 21, nr 4 (12.12.2018): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s2254-28842018000400004.
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Introducción: Enfermería Nefrológica es la publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Enfermería Nefrológica, que cumple su 20 aniversario. El análisis de los artículos de una revista permite determinar la evolución de una publicación. Objetivo: Analizar la producción científica publicada en la revista Enfermería Nefrológica durante el periodo 1998-2017. Metodología: Estudio bibliométrico descriptivo transversal de la revista Enfermería Nefrológica, del volumen 1 al 20, mediante el software “Publish or Perish” V6. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: número total de artículos y de citas; citas por artículo, por autor, por año; artículos por autor y autores por artículo; AWCR, índice g e índice h. Se realizaron análisis por periodos de 5 años (P1 1998-2002, P2 2003-2007, P3 2008-2011, P4 2012-2017). Resultados: Se analizaron 1198 artículos: P1 n=81 (6,76%), P2 n= 160 (13,35%), P3 n=164 (13,68%), P4 n=793 (66,19%); y 2167 citaciones: P1 n=47 (2,17%), P2 n= 759 (35%), P3 n=782 (36%), P4 n=579 (26,7%). Media de autores por artículo: P1: 1,96, P2: 2,66, P3: 2,82, P4: 3. AWCR: P1: 2.80 (sqrt=1.67) 1.58/autor, P2: 60.33 (sqrt=7.77) 26.58/autor, P3: 93.93 (sqrt=9.69), 35.21/autor, P4: 147.12 (sqrt=12.13), 57.31/autor. Índice h: P1: 4 (a=2.94, m=0.20, 35 citas=74.5% cobertura), P2: 16 (a=2.96, m=1.07, 433 citas=57.0% cobertura), P3: 9 (a=7.15, m=1.50, 116 citas=20.0% cobertura), P4: 11 (g/h=1.22, 133 citas=23.0% cobertura). Conclusiones: La revista Enfermería Nefrológica ha crecido de forma exponencial en los últimos 20 años, tanto en volumen de producción como en calidad y visibilidad, convirtiéndose en la publicación de referencia del cuidado renal en el ámbito hispano-hablante.
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Al-Ani, Fatimah, Yo-Liang Teng, Alla Iansavichene i Alejandro Lazo-Langner. "Evaluating the Effect of Ethnicity on the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): A Systematic Review". Blood 126, nr 23 (3.12.2015): 4714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4714.4714.
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Abstract Background Studies of hospital discharge data and large observational cohorts show that the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) varies by race. We sought to determine the incidence of VTE in each of the following ethnic groups Caucasians, Africans, Asians, and Hispanics. Methods A systematic literature search strategy was used to identify potential studies in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL using an OVID interface. The methodological quality of eligible studies was assessed according to Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The primary outcome measure was to identify the incidence/prevalence of VTE of each ethnic group available for the study in the context of a population based study. Results Out of 3418 potential studies, 19 met our inclusion criteria (Table). Of these, 9 studies were population based studies: 5 reported VTE incidence per 100,000 person-years (PY), 2 measured the standardized incidence ratio, and 2 European studies assessed VTE rate according to country of origin but not ethnicity (data not shown). In addition, 7 studies measured the hospital incidence rate of VTE, and 3 assessed VTE prevalence. Data could not be pooled due to marked heterogeneity including varied periods of study. VTE incidence per 100,000 PY was found to be between 162 and 439 in Caucasians, 143 and 746 in Africans, 3.2 and 16.6 in Asians. Hospital incidence of VTE per 100,000 PY was found to be between 21 and 131 in Caucasians, 22 and 155 in Africans, 2 and 26 in Asians, 33.1 and 71 in American Indians/Alaskan Indians, and 9 in Hispanics. Conclusions Our findings suggest a wide variation in reported incidence rates for VTE among different ethnic groups, even within the same group. In general, studies in Asian populations suggest a lower incidence of VTE. A marked heterogeneity of study designs, population settings prevent drawing firm conclusions. A significant risk of bias cannot be excluded for several studies. Further studies assessing concurrently the risk of VTE among different ethnicities in the same geographical area are needed. Table 1. Summary of the included studies. Study Country Time Period f/u duration Sample size VTE incidence /Prevalence (95% CI) Zakai, 2014 US 439,090 person year 51,149 Zakai: ARIC US 1987-1996 15,792 (I) Cauc.: 166 (1.48-1.86) Afr.: 259 (2.21-3.03) Zakai: CHS US 1989-1997 5,888 (I) Cauc.: 439 (3.13-6.16) Afr.: 746 (4.68-11.90) Zakai: REGARDS, Southeast area US 2003-2007 30,239 (I) Cauc.: 162 (1.26-2.07) Afr.: 224 (1.72-2.92) Zakai: REGARDS, Rest of US US 2003-2007 30,239 (I) Cauc.: 205 (1.58-2.66) Afr.: 143 (1.02-2.00) Deitelzweig, 2010 US 2002 46,652 (P) per 100,000 persons Cauc.: M 457, F NA Afr.: M 584, F NA Hisp.: M 94, F 93 Others: M 329, F 345 2005 46,652 (P) per 100,000 persons Cauc.: M 643, F 446 Afr.: M 784, F 444 Hisp.: M 149, F 154 Others: M 285, F 297 DeMonaco, 2008 US 1997 37,892 (HI) Cauc.: 44 Afr.: 53 2001 37,892 (HI) Cauc.: 56 Afr.: 60 Heit, 2010 US 2003-2009 2,397 (P) N(%) Cauc.: Total= 1381 (69) Afr.: Total=272 (69) N(%) Cauc.: VTE = 551 (27) Afr.: VTE = 75 (19) Hooper, 2003 US 1980-1996 (HI) American Indians/Alaskan Indians: 33.1 Jang, 2011 Korea 2004 (I) Asians: VTE: 8.83, DVT: 3.91, PE: 3.74 2008 (I) Asians: VTE: 13.8, DVT: 5.31 , PE: 7.01 Kitamukai, 2003 Japan 2000 (I) Asians: 3.2 (29.2-33.9) Klatsky, 2000 US 1978-1994 1,822,302 total person years 128,934 (HI) Cauc.: 21 Afr.: 22 Asians: 2 Hisp.: 9 Others (unspecified): 15 Lee, 2010 Taiwan 2001 & 2002 11,566 person year Crude Incidence per 100,000 person year: Asians: VTE=15.9 Liu, 2002 China 1997-2000 (I) Asians: 16.6 Sakuma, 2009 Japan 2006 (I) Asians: PE= 6.19 (51.7- 72.1) DVT= 11.5 (98.2-132.9) Schneider, 2006 US 1998-2000 (HI) Cauc.: M 36.47 ; F 37.96 Afr.: M 53.64 ; F 61.53 Stein, Am J Med. 2004 US 1990-1999 (HI) Cauc.: VTE= 122 Afr.: VTE= 134 Asians: VTE= 23 Stein, Arch Intern Med. 2004 US 1996-2001 (HI) Cauc.: 131 Afr.: 155 American Indians and Alaskan Indians: 71 Tan, 2007 Singa-pore 1998-2001 271 pairs of cases and controls (P) N(%) Asians: 32.1% (29.0-35.3) White, 2005 US 1996 21,002 (SIR): Cauc.: 103 (101-105) Afr.: 138 (132-145) Asians: 29 (27-32) Hisp.: 61 (59-64) Others: 72 (65-80) White, 1998 US 1991-1994 17991 (SIR): Cauc.: 23 Afr.: 29.3 Asians: 6 Hisp.: 13.9 Abbreviations. f/u: follow up; CI: confidence interval; (I): incidence per 100,000 PY; (P): prevalence; (HI): Hospital Incidence per 100,000 PY; (SIR): Standardized Incidence Rate; M:male; F: female; N: total number. Cauc. Caucasians, Afr. Africans, Hisp. hispanics Disclosures Lazo-Langner: Pfizer: Honoraria; Bayer: Honoraria.
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Готцева, Маріана. "A Neurocognitive Perspective on Language Acquisition in Ullman’s DP Model". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, nr 2 (28.12.2017): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.2.got.
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In the last few decades, the studies in second language acquisition have not answered the question what mechanisms a human’s brain uses to make acquisition of language(s) possible. A neurocognitive model which tries to address SLA from such a perspective was suggested by Ullman (2005; 2015), according to which, “both first and second languages are acquired and processed by well-studied brain systems that are known to subserve particular nonlanguage functions” (Ullman, 2005: 141). The brain systems in question have analogous roles in their language and nonlanguage functions. This article is meant to critically analyse the suggested DP model within the context of neurocognitive studies of L2; and evaluate its contribution to the field of SLA studies.
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Braun, Lois, Jeffrey Gillman, Emily Hoover i Michael Russelle. "Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, nr 4 (lipiec 2011): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2011-015.
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Braun, L. C., Gillman, J. H., Hoover, E. E. and Russelle, M. P. 2011. Nitrogen fertilization for new plantings of hybrid hazelnuts in the Upper Midwest of the United States of America. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 773–782. Seed-propagated hybrids of Corylus avellana and C. americana are a potential crop for the Upper Midwest. Current N recommendations for hazelnuts are based on research on clonally propagated C. avellana in Oregon and may not be applicable in the Upper Midwest due to differing soils, climate, and plant genetics. We established three field plots in 2003 to test N fertilization rates on new plantings, with rates up to 33 g N plant−1 as ammonium nitrate applied annually in the spring, starting 2 wk after transplanting. We observed a strong negative linear effect of N rate on plant survival. In the second year we added trials on same-aged plants that had not previously been fertilized and found no N effect on survival. We concluded that waiting 1 yr after transplanting before fertilizing increases plant survival, but even then N requirements during establishment years are very low for hybrid hazelnuts. Standard leaf N concentrations for C. avellana in Oregon are roughly applicable to hybrid hazelnuts, except that the threshold between deficiency and sufficiency should be raised slightly to 1.9% N. The current threshold between deficient and sufficient, 2.2%, should be regarded as a target, rather than as a threshold to be exceeded.
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Zamalieva, Faniya. "BIOLOGICAL JUSTIFICATION OF REDUCTION OF Y-VIRUS REINFECTION DURING REPRODUCTION OF SEED POTATO WITH A LOW DEGREE OF INFECTION". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 15, nr 3 (30.11.2020): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2020-16-20.
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The studies were carried out with the aim of biological substantiation of a decrease in Y-virus reinfection during the reproduction of seed potatoes with a low degree of infection. The experiments were carried out in 2001-2006 in Laishevskiy district of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2001-2003 and 2002-2004 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was 393 and 310 equivalent units, respectively, the degree of infestation at the final stage reached 45.8 and 20.8%. In 2003-2005 and 2004-2006 the total vector activity of aphids for three years was higher than in previous cycles by 2.0 ... 2.5 times (785 and 610 equivalent units, respectively), but the degree of infestation at the final stage was only 4.1% and 1, 7%. For the first time, a calculation formula was obtained and the distances between diseased potato plants were specified, depending on the degree of contamination of the seed material. With a planting density of 55 thousand
plants/ha, the formula takes the following form: , where у is the distance between infected plants, meter;
х is the degree of infection with the virus (х > 0), %. The relationship between the degree of planting infestation and the distance between diseased plants is inversely proportional, graphically it is a hyperbole. The dynamics of changes in the distance between infected plants was traced with a decrease in infection from 100% to close to zero values. It was revealed that the 1% level of infection is critical. With an increase in infestation from 1 to 100%, the distance between diseased plants decreases from 4.26 to 0.42 m, which is a small distance for winged aphids to overcome. A decrease in infestation from 1% to close to zero value may lead to an increase in the distance between diseased plants from 4.26 m to theoretically infinite. Seed material, with close to zero infection, is safe to reproduce for a long time without the risk of rapid reinfection, due to the significant distance for vectors between sources of infection and a decrease in the participation of most aphids in the transmission of viruses. The results obtained formed the basis for the potato seed-growing system and the technology for protecting seed potatoes from reinfection with the Y-virus in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan
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Pinheiro, Ana Costa, Filomena Ferreira, Margarida Areias, Carolina Oliveira, Cristina Sousa i Miguel Leal. "Injuries of the Sportsman’s Hand". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, nr 6_suppl3 (1.06.2018): 2325967118S0005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00054.
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Introduction: Injuries from the athlete’s hand are frequent. We present 2 clinical cases: Stener injury and traumatic dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. The “skier’s thumb” is an injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb produced by abduction and hyperextension of the thumb. Dorsal dislocation of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) in children is a rare entity. There are three types of dislocation: incomplete, simple and complete complete complex. Methods: Presentation of 2 clinical cases of injuries of the athlete’s hand: Stener injury and traumatic dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Retrospective descriptive method with reports of clinical cases based on patients’ electronic clinical processes. Results: CASE 1: Male 11 years old, put into service urgency by hand trauma during football match. He had pain and swelling at the ulnar rim of the joint of the first metacarpal-phalangeal joint. Radiogram unchanged. Coping with clinical suspicion was carried out ray under stress (radial deviation) showed that this instability of the joint. Ultrasonography confirmed complete rupture of the ulnar side of the attachment with the aponeurosis interposition of the adductor - stener lesion. Surgery decided. Focus through internal and distal reinsertion. 4 weeks immobilization period, followed by a return to activities of daily living. At the last visit, at 6 months after the operation there was no residual instability. CASE 2: Seven-year-old boy put into service urgency for thumb injury in hyperextension during football match. The objective examination shows hyperextension deformity of MCF. The radiological study confirmed complete MCF dorsal joint dislocation diagnosis of the thumb joint. A closed reduction procedure under sedation, by McLaughlin corset technique. Immobilization was performed for two weeks. At six weeks he was asymptomatic, with normal mobilities, symmetrical grip and clamp strength without instability or radiographic changes. Discussion/Conclusion: Lesion of the ulnar side ligament is a possible diagnosis of the pediatric age, even without associated withdrawal. Proper clinical observation and x-rays provide supplemented by ultrasound, often all the information necessary for diagnosis and therapeutic decision. The low frequency relevance of pediatric Stener injuries can damage your diagnosis of the emergency situation. In this clinical case, it is possible to detect this damage. The dislocations dorsal joint MCP thumb are more frequent than flying, lesional mechanism involving the traumatic hyperextension of it. The diagnosis is based on clinical information supplemented by radiography, which allows the differentiation between complete and incomplete dislocations. A complete dislocation can not be reduced by maneuvering bloodless injury is complex and requires surgical treatment. The reduction technique involves MCF hyperextension and replacement of the base of the phalanx. Other gestures should be avoided, and axial traction, risk of joint injury structures, cartilage growth or conversion of a simple dislocation into complex, to determine the need for surgical intervention. After reducing the stability of the collateral ligaments should be evaluated, often directly damaged by trauma or inappropriate gestures reducing the reduction of multiple attempts. Lateral instability may benefit from surgical correction. References STENER, B.: “Displacement of the ruptured ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb”. A clinical and anatomical study. J. Bone Jt. Surg. 44-B: 869, 1962. STENER, B.: “Hyperextension injuries to the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb. Rupture of ligaments, fracture of sesamoid bones, rupture of flexor pollicis brevis. An anatomical and clinic study”. Acta Chir. Scand. 125: 275, 1963. COONRAD, R.W., GOLDNER, J.L.: “A study of the pathological findings and treatment in soft-tissue injury of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint”. J. Bone Jt Surg. 59- A: 439, 1968. PARIKH, M., NAHIGIAN, S., FROIMSON, A.: “Gamekeeper’s thumb”. Plast. Reconstr, Surg. 58:24, 1976. STENER, B.: “Entorses récents de la métacarpophalangienne du pource”, en Traité de chirurgie de la main de Tubiana R. Tomo II, pág. 779. París, Masson, 1984. KAPLAN, E.B.: “The pathology and treatment of radial subluxation of the thumb with ulnar displacement of the head of the first metacarpal”. J. Bone Jt Surg. 43-A: 541, 1961. YAMANAKA, K., YOSHIDA, K., INOVE, A., MIYAGI, T.: “Locking of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thurnb”. J. Bone Jt Surg. 67-A: 782, 1985. NAVES, J., SALVADOR, A., PUIG, M.: “Traumatología del deporte”. Pág. 251. Salvat, Barcelona, 1986, SMITH, R.J.: “Post-traumatic instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb”. J. bone Jt Surg. 59-A: 14-21, 1977. Kasuaki M. Dorsal dislocations of the second to fifth carpometacarpal joints: a case report. Hand Surg 2008; 13(2): 129-132. Laforgia R, Specchiulli F, Mariani A. Dorsal dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint. Hand Surg Am 1990; 15: 463-465. Gangloff D, Mansat P, Gaston A, Apredoaei C, Rongières M. Carpometacarpal dislocation of the fifth finger: descriptive study of 31 cases. Chir Main 2007; 26(4-5): 206-213. Epub 2007 Jul 16. Eichhorn-Sens J, Katzer A, Meenen NM, Rueger JM. Carpometacarpal dislocation injuries. Handchir, Mikrochir, Plast Chir 2001; 33(3): 189. Yoshida R, Shah MA, Patterson RM, Buford WL Jr, Knighten J, Viegas SF. Anatomy and pathomechanics of ring and small finger carpometacarpal joint injuries. J Hand Surg Am 2003; 28(6): 1035-1043.
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Sokov, A. V., i N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. "IN MEMORY OF THE TECHNICAL GENIUS IGOR’ EVGENIEVICH MIKHALTSEV (1923–2010)". Journal of Oceanological Research 51, nr 3 (9.11.2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2023.51(3).8.
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The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Igor’ Evgenievich Mikhaltsev – oceanologist, Doctor of Technical Sciences (1970), Professor (1971), from 1989 to 2006 – Head of the Laboratory of Exploratory Technical Research of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS). Mikhaltsev – the creator of a new direction in technical oceanology – a comprehensive experimental study of ocean acoustics, including acoustic methods for studying the ocean, head of work on the creation and testing of manned research vehicles “Pisces” up to 2000 m (1970–1976) and manned vehicles “MIR” – up to 6000 m (1979–1987). Hero of Socialist Labor. The material was prepared on the basis of biographical data and photographs according to sources: IO RAS website https:// ocean.ru/index.php/component/k2/item/782-mikhaltsev-igor-evgenevich-1923-2010; Journal “Nostalgiya” No. 10, 2007. Article by I. Mikhaltsev “Science should be a hobby”. Also in this issue of our “Journal of Oceanological Research” you will find an article by I. E. Mikhaltsev himself, “Ocean research, technology, fleet: yesterday, today, tomorrow”.
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Benabed, Yasmine, Diana Dahliah, Mickael Dolle i Geoffroy Hautier. "Exploring Charged Defects and Dopability Limits of Solid Electrolytes, a Computational Study". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 1 (7.07.2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011151mtgabs.
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All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (ASSLBs) are a new generation of lithium batteries that is developed to meet high expectations in terms of safety, stability and high energy density. The liquid electrolyte of conventional Li-ion batteries is replaced in ASSLBs by a safer and more stable solid electrolyte (SE). These solid electrolytes must meet a number of requirements before they can be considered in ASSLBs, including a wide electrochemical stability window, a high ionic conductivity and a negligible electronic conductivity [1]. For a long time, researchers have focused on achieving the highest ionic conductivity possible on these materials, comparable to the one of liquid electrolytes. The ionic conductivity in SEs has been successfully increased by the introduction of defects (doping) and Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 and Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolytes are both excellent examples of such achievement. However, the formation of defects can also have a significant effect on the SEs electronic conductivity [2],[ 3],[ 4]. Increasing the electronic conductivity in solid electrolytes is detrimental to the ASSLBs safety and integrity. Therefore, it is essential to understand the defect chemistry in SEs. Due to their negligible concentration, characterizing point defects is hardly possible using standard characterization techniques, justifying the need for first-principles calculations. In this work, we have investigated the defect chemistry of most common solid electrolytes (LixM2(PO4)3 (M = Zr, Ti, Ge, Al), Li7La3Zr2O12, LiLaTi2O6, Li10Ge(PS6)2, Li7P3S11, Li3PS4, Li3PO4 and LiPO3). For each SE, we computed the formation energies for intrinsic defects and assessed the dopability limits as a function of the synthesis conditions. We found that the position of the Fermi level and dopability limits depend strongly on lithium and oxygen/sulfur chemical potentials but also on the nature of the solid electrolyte. We advocate that it is imperative to better regulate the synthesis conditions if we want to gain control over the formation of defects in solid electrolytes. The outcoming properties of these materials, such as the ionic and electronic conductivities, depend on it. [1] N. Dudney. Springer. 2003, 624-642. [2] E. Zhao et al. J. Alloys Comp. 2019. 782, 384-391. [3] Y. Song et al. J. Mat. Chem. A. 2019, 7(40), 22898-22902. [4] Y. Shan et al. J. Power Sources. 1995, 54(2), 397-402.
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Imig, John D. "Epoxide hydrolase and epoxygenase metabolites as therapeutic targets for renal diseases". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 289, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): F496—F503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00350.2004.
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Renal epoxygenase metabolites are involved in blood flow regulation and long-term blood pressure control. One feature of renal and cardiovascular diseases is the inability of the kidney to properly increase epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) levels. Others (Busse R, Edwards G, Félétou M, Fleming I, Vanhoutte PM, and Weston AH. Trends Phamacol Sci 23: 374–380, 2002; Campbell WB, Gebremedhin D, Pratt PF, and Harder DR. Circ Res 78: 415–423, 1996; Capdevila JH and Falck JR. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285: 571–576, 2001; Roman RJ. Physiol Rev 82: 131–185, 2002; Zeldin DC. J Biol Chem 276: 36059–36062, 2001) and we (Imig JD, Falck JR, Wei S, and Capdevila JH. J Vasc Res 38: 247–255, 2001; Imig JD, Zhao X, Capdevila JH, Morisseau C, and Hammock BD. Hypertension 39: 690–694, 2002; Zhao X, Pollock DM, Inscho EW, Zeldin DC, and Imig JD. Hypertension 41: 709–714, 2003; Zhao X, Pollock DM, Zeldin DC, and Imig JD. Hypertension 42: 775–780, 2003) have provided compelling evidence that cytochrome P-450-derived EETs have antihypertensive properties and are endothelially derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs) in the kidney. EETs also possess anti-inflammatory actions that could protect the kidney vasculature from injury during renal and cardiovascular diseases. A tactic that has been used to increase EET levels has been inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme. Epoxide hydrolase inhibitors have been demonstrated to be antihypertensive and renal protective. Thus the renal and cardiovascular protective actions of increasing epoxygenase levels could be translated to therapies for preventing end-organ damage.
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Abrahams, S. C. "Structurally ferroelectric SrMgF4". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 58, nr 1 (24.01.2001): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768101017062.
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The crystal structure of 0.06% Ce-doped SrMgF4, strontium magnesium tetrafluoride, reported by Ishizawa et al. [(2001), Acta Cryst. C57, 784–786] is shown to satisfy the structural criteria for ferroelectricity and to have a predicted Curie temperature T c ≃ l450 K. The estimated spontaneous polarization P s ≃ 11 × 10−2 C m−2 is consistent with classification as a two-dimensional ferroelectric in which minor Δx and major Δy, Δz atomic coordinate component displacements are required for ferroelectric switching.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "2003 m-782"
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Dobie, I. "The impact of new technologies and the Internet on the music industry, 1997-2001". Thesis, University of Salford, 2001. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2027/.
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This dissertation analyses the controversial issues surrounding the rise of the online music space at the turn of the millennium.' The consumer-led online music revolution rode on the back of a new technology that enhanced connectivity but disregarded notions of copyright and intellectual property. This enabled artists to create, promote and disseminate their own music, but also allowed end users to share unauthorized music files, to the financial detriment of the music industry. It examines the major music corporations' attempts to halt what they considered to be undesirable behaviour, as well as the struggle over control of copyrights, and assesses the likely path of the development of viable online music services. The findings suggest that the music industry is capable of success within the online environment as long as it heeds the lessons of the consumer-driven market. Artists and end users have been empowered by the technology, and niches have emerged for new intermediaries to service new demands. The significance of this study is that it contextualizes and analyses the turmoil and flux which this period experienced; it identifies the underlying issues, and points the direction for the future of the industry. This has been an important juncture in the history of the recording industry, and the new network technology has engendered considerable changes in the relationship between the major corporations and the public. While existing studies of the music industry and copyright law have informed the work, this dissertation provides original research into how the online music space relates to and affects the major label- dominated offline music industry, weaving together the various strands in a multi-disciplinary approach.
Książki na temat "2003 m-782"
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Lithuania. LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS BAUDŽIAMOJO PROCESO KODEKSAS: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785, įsigaliojo 2003 m. gegužės 1 dieną. Vilnius: VĮ Registrų centras, 2012.
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Lithuania. Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo proceso kodeksas: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785 : įsigalioja 2003 m. gegužės 1 d. Kaunas: Poligrafija ir informatika, 2003.
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Lithuania. LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS BAUDŽIAMOJO PROCESO KODEKSAS: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785, įsigaliojo 2003 m. gegužės 1 dieną. Vilnius: VĮ Registrų centras, 2010.
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ministerija, Lithuania Teisingumo, red. Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo proceso kodeksas: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785, įsigaliojo 2003 m. gegužės 1 dieną. Wyd. 9. Vilnius: Teisingumo ministerija, VĮ Registrų centras, 2009.
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Lithuania. Lietuvos Respublikos Baudžiamojo proceso kodeksas: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785, įsigaliojo 2003 m. gegužės 1 d. : oficialus tekstas (parengtas ir išleistas vykdant Lietuvos Respublikos Teisingumo ministro 2005 m. sausio 26 d. įsakymą Nr. IR-27). Wyd. 4. Vilnius: Lietuvos Respublikos Teisingumo ministerija, 2005.
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Lithuania. Lietuvos Respublikos Baudžiamojo proceso kodeksas: Patvirtintas 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu nr. IX-785, įsigaliojo 2003 m. gegužės 1 d. : oficialus tekstas (parengtas ir išleistas vykdant Lietuvos Respublikos Teisingumo ministro 2004 m. vasario 20 d. įsakymą nr. IR-51). Wyd. 3. Vilnius: VĮ Teisinės informacijos centras, 2004.
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Lithuania. Lietuvos Respublikos baudžiamojo proceso kodeksas: PATVIRTINTAS 2002 m. kovo 14 d. įstatymu Nr. IX-785 : Su pakeitimais ir papildymais 2012 m. birželio 5 dienai. Vilnius: Eugrimas, 2012.
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Forgive and remember: Managing medical failure. Wyd. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
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Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure. University of Chicago Press, 2011.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "2003 m-782"
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Zheng, Yan, Bin Xu, Jingyu Liu, Yating Shen, Kongkea Phan i Benjamin C. Bostick. "Arsenic in Hydro-geo-biospheres of the Mekong River Watershed: Implications for Human Health". W Water Resources in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin: Impact of Climate Change and Human Interventions, 121–202. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0759-1_4.
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AbstractThis chapter assesses human health risks of inorganic arsenic (As) from drinking well water and consumption of rice irrigated by high-As groundwater in the Mekong River Delta. Geogenic inorganic As (iAs) occurring at elevated levels in groundwater has been detected in more than 70 countries. Among mostly rural residents relying on groundwater for drinking, this exposure has resulted in negative health consequences including visible skin lesions, multiple internal organ cancers, numerous invisible non-cancer health effects such as cardiovascular diseases, and premature deaths. In the Mekong River Delta (MRD, defined by elevation <10 m above sea level in this book), As issues in groundwater have been documented as early as 1999 in Cambodia, with literature reporting its occurrence in Vietnam since 2005. Since the early 2000s, efforts have been made to test for As in about 100,000 wells from Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. Here, a combined dataset with a total of 94,768 unique As tests was analyzed to illustrate the spatial patterns and to assess the health risks of drinking well water As in Cambodia and in southern Vietnam. Although knowledge is far more limited, an attempt was also made to examine the potential health risks associated with iAs exposure from rice, a major staple for the MRD. Here, irrigation using highly As enriched groundwater for rice cultivation has expanded this environmental health problem from the hydrosphere (water) to the geosphere (soil) and, in turn, the biosphere (rice, and ultimately humans). Of 41,928 tests in Cambodia, 35.8% exceeded 10 μg/L, the WHO guideline value for drinking water As, while 21.5% exceeded 50 μg/L, the Cambodian drinking water standard. Of 52,858 tests in Vietnam, the exceedance rate for 10 μg/L, which is also the Vietnamese drinking water standard, is 10.0%. High As wells, regardless of whether it is relative to 10 or 50 μg/L, are located in proximity to the main course of the Mekong-Bassac Rivers, especially within a 5 km distance. The vast majority (>98%) of high-As wells are located in low-lying areas, i.e. <25 m elevation in Cambodia and <10 m elevation in Vietnam. High-As wells occur frequently at shallow depths (<70 m) across the MRD but also at deeper depths (300–500 m) in Vietnam. Due to the clustering of high As wells along the Mekong-Bassac Rivers, extreme human health tolls are identified in 11 districts of Cambodia and 3 districts of Vietnam with a population attributable fraction exceeding 0.1, meaning that >1 in every 10 adult deaths is solely due to drinking water As exposure. The annual excess deaths attributable to arsenic exposure alone is 1204 in Cambodia and 1486 in Vietnam, or 1 in every 27 adult deaths and 1 in every 78 adult deaths, respectively. In addition to uncertainties in bioavailability and toxicity of iAs in rice grains, soil and rice As data, especially rice As speciation data needed for risk assessment, are still limited in the MRD.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Metal-Mediated Ring Construction: The Hoveyda Synthesis of (–)-Nakadomarin A". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0077.
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John F. Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 3375) selective borylation of the cyclopropane 1 to give 2. It would be particularly useful if this borylation could be made enantioselective. Eric M. Ferreira of Colorado State University showed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1772) that the enantomeric excess of 3 was transferred to the highly substituted cyclopropane 4. Antonio M. Echavarren of ICIQ Tarragona demonstrated (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1576) that Au-mediated cyclobutene construction could be used to form the medium ring of 6. Joseph M. Fox of the University of Delaware developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 9283) what promises to be a general enantioselective route to cyclobutanes such as 8 by way of the intermediate bicyclobutane (not illustrated). Huw M.L. Davies of Emory University reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 310) a preliminary investigation in this same direction. Masahisa Nakada of Waseda University prepared (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 1004) the cyclopentane 10 by enantioselective cyclization of 9 followed by reductive opening. Young-Ger Suh of Seoul National University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 531) the lactone 11 to the cyclopentane 12. Xavier Ariza and Jaume Farràs of the Universitat de Barcelona optimized (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 5482) the Ti-mediated reductive cyclization of 13 to 14. The hydrogenation catalyst reduced the intermediate Ti–C bond without affecting the alkene. Erick M. Carreira of ETH Zürich observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5382) that a sterically demanding Rh catalyst mediated the highly diastereoselective cyclization of 15 to 16. The ketone 16 was the key intermediate in a synthesis of the epoxyisoprostanes. Jianrong (Steve) Zhou of Nanyang Technological University used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 4906) a Pd catalyst to effect the coupling of 17 with the prochiral 18. Geum-Sook Hwang and Do Hyun Ryu of Sungkyunkwan University devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7126) a boron catalyst to effect the addition of the diazo ester 21 to 20. They showed that the sidechain stereocenter was effective in directing the subsequent hydrogenation of 22.
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Taber, Douglass F. "C–N Ring Construction: The Hoye Synthesis of (±)-Leuconolactam". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0057.
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Manas K. Ghorai of the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur depended (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 2311) on memory of chirality during deprotonation to convert 1 to the aziridine 3. X. Peter Zhang of the University of South Florida demonstrated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 5309) that Co-catalyzed enantioselective aziridination is compatible with fluoro-aromatics such as 5. David M. Hodgson of the University of Oxford prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1098) the azetidine 8 by double deprotonation of 7 followed by acylation. Laurel L. Schafer of the University of British Columbia assembled (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2182) 11 by Ta-catalyzed aminoalkylation of 10 with 9, followed by cyclization. Nicholas A. Magnus of Eli Lilly reduced (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 5768) the ketone 12 to the alcohol 13 with high de and ee. Pei-Qiang Huang of Xiamen University effected (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1790) the reductive addition of 14 to 15 to give 16. The titanocene protocol reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 3494) by Xiao Zheng, also of Xiamen University, effectively mediated similar transformations. En route to (–)-quinocarcin, Nobutaka Fujii and Hiroaki Ohno of Kyoto University cyclized (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 8875) 17 to 18 with high diastereoselectivity. Dipolar cycloaddition, long a workhorse of pyrrolidine synthesis, has been improved by enantioselective organocatalysis. For instance, Liu-Zhu Gong of the University of Science and Technology of China combined (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2676) 19, 20, and 21 to give the triester 22. Qi-Lin Zhou of Nankai University reduced (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 6072) the tetrahydropyridine 23 to 24 in high ee. Takaaki Sato and Noritaka Chida of Keio University cyclized (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 678) the intermediate from reduction of 25 to the piperidine 26. Yasumasa Hamada of Chiba University devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 1562) the rearrangement of 27 to the piperidine 28. In a synthesis of (–)-hippodamine, Shigeo Katsumura of Kwansei Gakuin University used (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2758) the chiral auxiliary 29 to direct the combination of 30 with 31 to give 32.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Organocatalyzed C–C Ring Construction: The Carreira Synthesis of (+)-Crotogoudin". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0069.
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Kazuaki Kudo of the University of Tokyo developed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4964) a peptide catalyst for the enantioselective construction of 3 by the addition of 2 to 1. Thorsten Bach of the Technische Universität München devised (Science 2013, 342, 840; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 14948) a Lewis acid organocatalyst for the photocyclization of 4 to 5. Albert Moyano of the Universitat de Barcelona effected (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 3103) enantioselective conjugate addition of 7 to 6 to give the cyclopentane 8. Daniel Romo of Texas A&M optimized (Nature Chem. 2013, 5, 1049) the addition of 9 to 10 to give the β-lactone 11. Kamal Kumar and Herbert Waldmann of the Technische Universität Dortmund found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9576) that the addition of 12 to 13 followed by Bayer–Villiger oxidation and deacylation delivered 14 in high ee. David W. Lupton of Monash University opened (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9149) the cyclopropane of 15 in situ, leading to an ester enolate that added to 16 to give 17. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina used (Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2828) an organocatalyst to mediate the addition of the prochiral 18 to 19, leading to 20. M. Belén Cid of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid added (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 10737) the nitroalkane 22 to the unsaturated aldehyde 21, leading, after intramolecular Julia-Kocienski addition, to the cyclohexene 23. Additions that proceed in high ee with cyclopentenone and cyclohexenone are often not as selective with cycloheptenone 24. Wei Wang of the University of New Mexico and Wenhu Duan of the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica observed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2013, 54, 3791) that addition of nitromethane and of nitroethane to 24 were both highly effective. Strategies have been developed for applying organocatalysis to the assembly of polycarbacyclic ring systems. Sanzhong Luo of the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecule Sciences uncovered (Synthesis 2013, 45, 1939) a simple amine that efficiently catalyzed the Robinson annulation of 26 with 27 to give 28.
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Taber, Douglass. "Enantioselective Preparation of Alcohols and Amines". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0035.
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Enzymatic reduction of a ketone can proceed in high enantiomeric excess, but this would require a stoichiometric amount of a reducing agent. Wolfgang Kroutil of the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 741) a protocol for preparing the alcohol 2 in high ee starting from the racemic alcohol. The alcohol dehydrogenase chosen was selective for the R-alcohol, and the microorganism reduced the ketone so produced selectively to the S alcohol. James M. Takacs of the University of Nebraska established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 3734) that chiral Rh catalyzed addition of pinacolborane to a β,γ-unsaturated N-phenyl amide 3 proceeded with high enantiocontrol. The product organoborane was oxidized to the alcohol 4 . J. R. Falck of the UT Southwestern Medical Center used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 46) an organocatalyst to effect addition of phenylboronic acid to the γ-hydroxy enone 5, to give, after hydrolysis, the diol 6. John F. Hartwig of the University of Illinois effectively telescoped (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1928) alcohol formation and protection into a single step, by developing a procedure for the direct conversion of a primary allylic acetate 7 to the enantiomerically-enriched secondary benzyl ether 8. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Chemistry Lett. 2008, 37, 502) a catalyst for the enantioselective hydrocyanation of an aldehyde 9, by HCN transfer from the inexpensive 10. Mei-Xiang Wang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing and Jieping Zhu of CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 388) a catalyst for a complementary one-carbon homologation, the enantioselective Passerini three-component coupling of an aldehyde 12, an isonitrile 13, and an acid 14. Joseph M. Ready, also of UT Southwestern, developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 7828) the preparation of enol benzoates such as 17 from the corresponding alkynes. Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of 17 proceeded with high ee to give, after reduction, the diol 18. Toshiro Harada of the Kyoto Institute of Technology described (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 1088) a potentially very practical enantioselective homologation, the catalyzed addition of an alkyl titanium, prepared in situ from the corresponding Grignard reagent, to the aldehyde 19, to give 21 in high ee.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Metal-Mediated C–C Ring Construction: The Carreira Synthesis of (+)-Asperolide C". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0073.
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Djamaladdin G. Musaev and Huw M. L. Davies of Emory University effected (Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 2844) enantioselective cyclopropanation of ethyl acrylate 2 with the α-diazo ester 1 to give 3 in high ee. Philippe Compain of the Université de Strasbourg used (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 6751) SmI2 to cyclize 4 to the cyclobutanol 5. Jianrong (Steve) Zhou of Nanyang Technological University effected (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 11758) enantioselective Heck addition of 7 to the prochiral ester 6 to give the cyclopentene 8. Liu-Zhu Gong of USTC, Hefei added (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3958) the Rh enolate from the enantioselective ring expansion of the α-diazo ester 9 to the nitroalkene 10, to give 11 in high de. Stephen P. Fletcher of the University of Oxford set (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 7995) the cyclic quaternary center of 14 by the enantioselective conjugate addition to 12 of the alkyl zirconocene derived from 13. Alexandre Alexakis of the University of Geneva reported (Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 15226) high ee from the conjugate addition of alkenyl Al reagents (not illustrated) to 12. Paultheo von Zezschwitz of Philipps-Universität Marburg prepared (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 2651) the silyl enol ether 17 by trapping the intermediate from the conjugate addition of 16 to 15. Stefan Bräse of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology effected (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 7110) conjugate addition to the prochiral dienone 18 to give the highly substituted cyclohexenone 19. Ping Tian and Guo-Qiang Lin of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry cyclized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 11700) 20 to the kinetic, less stable epimer of the diketone 21. Rh-mediated intramolecular C–H insertion has been a powerful tool for the construction of cyclopentane derivatives. Douglass F. Taber of the University of Delaware found (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 9772) that the Rh carbene derived from 22 was discriminating enough to target the more nucleophilic C–H bond, leading to the cyclohexanone 23. Kozo Shishido of the University of Tokushima observed (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3666) high diastereoselectivity in the intramolecular Heck cyclization of 24 to 25.
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Saikouk, Tarik, i Nejib Fattam. "Cas en logistique et Supply Chain Management". W Cas en logistique et Supply Chain Management, 61–72. EMS Editions, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ems.lavas.2023.01.0061.
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Énoncé Monastirakio-Delta, un grand constructeur aéronautique représenté par son PDG M. Dimitripolous, décide de confier la conception et le pilotage de sa SC à un Prestataire de Services Logistiques de type Fourth Party Logistics (4PL) dénommé Ellinikos-Logis. Le 4PL se définit comme étant « un intégrateur qui rassemble ses propres ressources, capacités, technologies et celles d’autres prestataires de services pour concevoir et gérer des chaînes logistiques complexes » (Bade et Mueller, 1999, p. 78). C’est une configuration organisationnelle d’intermédiation encastrée dans un système de relations sociales et économiques qui sont à la fois interpersonnelles et inter-organisationnelles à savoir les Supply Chains (SC) (Saikouk et Fattam, 2022). Cet acteur majeur mobilise des relations, basées principalement sur la confiance, afin de compenser le manque des ressources physiques (Fattam et Paché, 2017 ; Ounnar et Pujo, 2018). Étant organisateur logistique incontournable sans moyens physiques et régulateur de flux, le 4PL gère une myriade de fournisseurs et opère une parfaite communication au niveau des interfaces (Krakovics et al ., 2008). Il offre des services dépassant la vision exclusivement opérationnelle pour proposer des solutions de conseils aussi bien que la conception des modèles d’optimisation (Huang et al ., 2015 ; Saikouk et Fattam, 2022 ; Saglietto, 2009). Comme c’est le cas de plusieurs PDG des grands groupes, issus de grandes écoles, ayant des diplômes MBA, etc., un tel choix est souvent fait sur la base de critères assez objectifs et communément acceptables par les collaborateurs. Ellinikos-Logis, représenté par son Vice-Président M. Triantafellou, est une grande entreprise disposant d’une réputation infaillible, d’un grand réseau mondial de partenaires, d’actifs logistiques partout dans le globe, etc. Les compétences organisationnelles et techniques de ce coordinateur de réseaux complexes sont réunies pour une meilleure offre de prestations pour le compte de son client. Le 4PL, qui joue un rôle de chef d’orchestre dans la SC, réunit ainsi une meilleure combinaison de partenaires assurant la rentabilité et la durabilité des SC (Figure 1).
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Taber, Douglass F. "Selective Functionalization of C–H Bonds". W Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.003.0019.
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Jianhui Huang and Kang Zhao of Tianjin University devised (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 1211) a protocol for the oxidation of a terminal alkene 1 to the valuable four-carbon synthon 2. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7831) the oxidation of the terminal alkene 3 to the enone 4. Miquel Costas of the Universitat de Girona developed (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1421; Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 1908) a family of Fe catalysts for the oxidation of methylenes to ketones. Depending on the catalyst, any of the three ketones from the oxidation of 5, including 6, could be made the dominant product. Yumei Xiao and Zhaohai Qin of China Agricultural University optimized (Synthesis 2013, 45, 615) the Co-catalyzed oxidation of the methyl group of 7 to give the aldehyde 8. Thanh Binh Nguyen of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 118) a protocol (not illustrated) for the oxidation of methyl groups on heteroaromatics. Shunsuke Chiba of Nanyang Technological University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 212, 3214) the amidine 9 to 10, and the hydrazone 11 to 12. These cyclizations proceeded by sequential C–H abstraction followed by recombination, and so were racemizing. In contrast, the conversion of 13 to 14, developed (Science 2013, 340, 591) by Theodore A. Betley of Harvard University, proceeded with substantial retention of absolute configuration. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1739) a Ru catalyst that was selective for the allylic position of the E-alkene 15 to give 16. Amination was highly regioselective, and proceeded with excellent ee. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University and Maurizio Fagnoni of the University of Pavia reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2554) the direct carbonylation of 17 to the amide 18. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University devised (Science 2013, 339, 1593) a protocol for the β- arylation of an aldehyde 19 to give 20. Directed palladation of distal C–H bonds continues to be developed. Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research effected (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3238) diastereoselective arylation of the cyclopropane 21 with 22 to give 23.
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"b-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer 1997MAT Characterization: M /g.mol = 13000 (2000 PPO block), 80.0 wt% ethylene oxide Epan 785, Lot 69K004, Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Japan Solvent (A): water H O 7732-18-5". W CRC Handbook of Thermodynamic Data of Aqueous Polymer Solutions, 265. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203998205-107.
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Su, Chunming, Robert W. Puls, Thomas A. Krug, Mark T. Watling, Suzanne K. O'Hara, Jacqueline W. Quinn i Nancy E. Ruiz. "Long-Term Performance Evaluation of Groundwater Chlorinated Solvents Remediation Using Nanoscale Emulsified Zerovalent Iron at a Superfund Site". W Waste Management, 1352–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch061.
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This chapter addresses a case study of long-term assessment of a field application of environmental nanotechnology. Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) are a type of recalcitrant compounds commonly found at contaminated sites. Recent research has focused on their remediation using environmental nanotechnology in which nanomaterials such as nanoscale Emulsified Zerovalent Iron (EZVI) are added to the subsurface environment to enhance contaminant degradation. Such nanoremediation approach may be mostly applicable to the source zone where the contaminant mass is the greatest and source removal is a critical step in controlling the further spreading of the groundwater plume. Compared to micro-scale and granular counterparts, NZVI exhibits greater degradation rates due to its greater surface area and reactivity from its faster corrosion. While NZVI shows promise in both laboratory and field tests, limited information is available about the long-term effectiveness of nanoremediation because previous field tests are mostly less than two years. Here an update is provided for a six-year performance evaluation of EZVI for treating PCE and its daughter products at a Superfund site at Parris Island, South Carolina, USA. The field test consisted of two side-by-side treatment plots to remedy a shallow PCE source zone (less than 6 m below ground surface) using pneumatic injection and direct injection, separately in October 2006. For the pneumatic injections, a two-step injection procedure was used. First, the formation was fluidized by the injection of nitrogen gas alone, followed by injection of the EZVI with nitrogen gas as the carrier. In the pneumatic injection plot, 2,180 liters of EZVI containing 225 kg of iron (Toda RNIP-10DS), 856 kg of corn oil, and 22.5 kg of surfactant were injected to remedy an estimated 38 kg of chlorinated volatile compounds (CVOC)s. Direct injections were performed using a direct push rig. In the direct injection plot, 572 liters of EZVI were injected to treat an estimated 0.155 kg of CVOCs. Visual inspection of collected soil cores before and after EZVI injections shows that the travel distance of EZVI was dependent on the method of delivery with pneumatic injection achieving a greater distance of 2.1 m than did direct injection reaching a distance of 0.89 m. Significant decreases in PCE and TCE concentrations were observed in downgradient wells with corresponding increases in degradation products including significant increases in ethene. In the pneumatic injection plot, there were significant reductions in the downgradient groundwater mass flux values for chlorinated ethenes (>58%) and a significant increase in the mass flux of ethene (628%). There were significant reductions in total CVOCs mass (78%), which was less than an estimated 86% decrease in total CVOCs made at 2.5 years due to variations in soil cores collected for CVOCs extraction and determination; an estimated reduction of 23% (vs.63% at 2.5 years) in the sorbed and dissolved phases and 95% (vs. 93% at 2.5 years) reduction in the PCE DNAPL mass. Significant increases in dissolved sulfide, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed and dissolved sulfate and pH decreased in many monitoring wells. The apparent effective destruction of CVOC was accomplished by a combination of abiotic dechlorination by nanoiron and biological reductive dechlorination stimulated by the oil in the emulsion. No adverse effects of EZVI were observed for the microbes. In contrast, populations of dehalococcoides showed an increase up to 10,000 fold after EZVI injection. The dechlorination reactions were sustained for the six-year period from a single EZVI delivery. Repeated EZVI injections four to six years apart may be cost-effective to more completely remove the source zone contaminant mass. Overall, the advantages of the EZVI technology include an effective “one-two punch” of rapid abiotic dechlorination followed by a sustained biodegradation; contaminants are destroyed rather than transferred to another medium; ability to treat both DNAPL source zones and dissolved-phase contaminants to contain plume migration; ability to deliver reactants to targeted zones not readily accessible by conventional permeable reactive barriers; and potential for lower overall costs relative to alternative technologies such as groundwater pump-and-treat with high operation and maintenance costs or thermal technologies with high capital costs. The main limitations of the EZVI technology are difficulty in effectively distributing the viscous EZVI to all areas impacted with DNAPL; potential decrease in hydraulic conductivity due to iron corrosion products buildup or biofouling; potential to adversely impact secondary groundwater quality through mobilization of metals and production of sulfides or methane; injection of EZVI may displace DNAPL away from the injection point; and repeated injections may be required to completely destroy the contaminants.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "2003 m-782"
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Yong Hong Tao i Libin Yao. "A 1-V, 81-dB, 780-KS/s, sigma-delta modulator in 0.13-μm digital CMOS technology". W 2008 IEEE International Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edssc.2008.4760655.
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Lei, Dongxue, i Andong Lu. "A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses". W 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5895.
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A Study of Chinese Traditional Wetland Island Settlement Combining Morphological and Narrative Analyses Dongxue Lei¹, Andong Lu² School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing UniversityHankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, ChinaE-mail: dxlei@outlook.com, andonglu@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): wetland island settlement, morphology, townscape, cognitive map Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology The Lixiahe region, a low-lying wetland located to the eastern side of the Huaiyang section of the Grand Canal, is characterized by a complex hydrological environment and has changed slowly in the urbanization process. The historical town of Shagou, a representative case of island settlements in this region, has a recorded history of continuous morphological change over six hundred years. Regarding Shagou as a cultural-geographical entity, this article aims at combining morphological analysis and narrative-based cognitive mapping to revel the characteristic townscape that strongly depends on cultural-geographic complexity. Based on survey work, this article will first define distinguishable plan elements that underpins the spatial form of Shagou: 1) natural context; 2) streets system; 3) plots system, and then investigate diachronically different phases of the formation of its spatial structure. On the other hand, based on archiving and data analysis of the oral history study, this article will generate a narrative cognitive map, in terms of paths, nodes, landmarks and areas. In conjunction with fieldwork and documentary record, this study testifies that the method derived from the plan analysis developed by Conzon is applicable to the study of wetland island settlement form in China and that narrative spatial analysis provides important supplemental spatial information. A careful combination of these methods might be used for understanding culturally embedded settlement forms in China. References (100 words) Conzen, M. R. G. (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis (London, George Philip). Herman, D. (ed.) (2003) Narrative theory and the cognitive sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information Publication). Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Extending the compass of plan analysis: a Chinese exploration’, Urban Morphology, 11(2), 91-109. Whitehand, J. W. R. and Gu, K. (2007) ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’, The Town Planning Review, 78(5), 643-670.
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Sant’anna, Pedro C., Ernandes M. Rizzo, Samuel Irati N. Gomes i Itamar Ferreira. "Fracture Toughness of the API 5L X65 Steel Submitted to Intercritical Heat Treatments". W ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28115.
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The intercritical heat treatment effect on the mechanical properties of the API 5L X65 steel, microalloyed with Ti and Nb, widely used in welded structures, was investigated. The embrittlement, observed by several authors in the intercritical region of the heat affected zone of welds performed in HSLA steels, is closely related to the volume fraction of M-A constituent, formed in the cooling. Just upon the homogenization and normalizing heat treatments, the specimens were submitted to different intercritical heat treatments, performed at 780 °C for 30 minutes and cooled with various Δt8/5 rates, with the purpose of varying the microstructure. High fracture toughness was obtained with the lower cooling rate. Also, it was verified that the low M-A constituent volume fraction was not enough to promote reduction on the fracture toughness.
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Dougherty, Robert P., William D’Andrea Fonseca i Samir N. Y. Gerges. "Beamforming in Reflecting Environments: An Experiment in a Reverberation Chamber". W ASME 2008 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2008-73020.
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Beamforming in reverberant environments is important to locate and quantify noise sources in turbofan engine nacelles, automobile interiors, factories, and architectural settings. In order to validate and explore the limits of this approach, a beamforming experiment was conducted in a reverberation chamber using a 32 channel planar phased array and a B&K sound power source. In the reference configuration, the source was located 2 m from the 1.1 m diameter array, and neither was close to the chamber walls. A less-demanding case was constructed by adding some foam absorber to the room to reduce reverberation. A difficult case resulted when the source was placed 5 m from the array, about 1 m from a corner of the chamber. Conventional frequency-domain beamforming with diagonal deletion was applied. The sound source was accurately located at the 2 m distance, with and without the added absorber. In the 5 m case, the sound source could be located at only a few frequencies and only when the processing bandwidth was increased from 48.8 Hz to 781 Hz. Processing individual eigenvectors of the CSM separated the direct and reflected source in 5 m case. The error in the deduced broadband sound power was 0.72 dB in the baseline case, 1.47 dB with the added absorber, and 5.41 dB with the speaker in the corner. Application of CLEAN-SC did not improve the accuracy of the corner results. Use of a Green’s function that attempts to account for reflections was ineffective. It is concluded that beamforming in highly reverberant environment with the free space Green’s function is practical, provided the array is designed and positioned correctly for the environment and source location.
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Tu, X., i P. Hrnjak. "Pressure Drop Characteristics of R134a Two-Phase Flow in a Horizontal Rectangular Microchannel". W ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-39195.
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Adiabatic two-phase flow pressure drop of R134a have been investigated experimentally in a rectangular channel with hydraulic diameter of 0.14 mm. Single-phase flow experiments were also conducted with liquid and vapor R134a, and an empirical correlation was developed for the turbulent flow regime. The parameter ranges examined for two-phase flow are: mass flux from 158 to 785 kg m−2 s−1; vapor quality from 0.01 to 0.95; and saturation temperature at about 24 ~ 32°C. The experimental data were compared with twelve existing correlations. The homogeneous model and the Mishima and Hibiki (1996) correlation give better predictions than any other correlations.
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Bish, Jack, Keith Friedman, Anil V. Khadilkar i Anthony Sances. "Dynamic Padding Comparison". W ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2604.
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Abstract Studies were conducted with 3.4 to 6.7 m/s 5th percentile female Hybrid III head drops on approximately 2.5 cm thick air gap padding, Simpson roll bar padding and a commercially available padded brush bar. The addition of padding gave up to 78% reduction in HIC (Head Injury Criterion) and 72% reduction in angular acceleration when compared to an unpadded vehicle brush bar.
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Kim, Dong Jun, Young Uk Min, Jin Young Kim i Kyung Nam Chung. "A Study of Tip Clearance Effect for a Mixed-Flow Pump on Performance". W ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16346.
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A vertical mixed-flow pump characterized as large flowrate and high efficiency is used for water supply in the power plants and seawater desalination plants. High specific speed pumps, like axial and mixed-flow pumps, tend to present saddled formation “dip” which restricts the operation range of the pumps due to vibration and noise. In this study, the pump performance test was performed to compare with the numerically simulated results for the mixed-flow pump with specific speed of 780 (m3/min, m, rpm). The impeller tip clearance effect on the pump head and hydraulic efficiency was investigated. The numerically simulated results showed that tip clearance effect changes Q-H curve. It is deduced that altered flow field of outer streamline is related with the prediction of dip phenomenon. Also, possible causes of dip were investigated and a new pump having Q-H curve free from saddled formation was designed.
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Borg, J. Y., M. Vasse i M. Monconduit. "PROTEIN C : ROUEN - A NEW HEREDITARY PROTEIN C ABNORMALITY WITH LOW ANTICOAGULANT BUT NORMAL AMIDOLYTIC ACTIVITIES". W XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644306.
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During the last three years, we could detect hereditary quantitative protein C (PC) deficiency in 43 patients belonging to 18 families. In those defects type I without oral anticoagulant treatment, the values of PC measured either by an ELISA method (PC:Ag) or by a chronometric functional assay were very closed and well correlated. (Results expressed in % of normal pooled plasmas PC:Ag m=44,l %, SD = 15,3 ; PC : activity m = 49,5, SD = 13,5 - correlation r = 0,82). In a 32 year#old man with a severe thrombo-embolic disease and in 11 related people, we could diagnose a hereditary qualitative PC deficiency type II, because of a discrepancy between normal PC:Ag levels (m = 105 %, SD = 20,3, range = 78-143) and low PC anticoagulant activities (m = 46 %, SD = 9,5, range = 30-60). FunctionalpC studies included assays, with or without preliminary adsorption on baryum citrate or aluminium hydroxide, with various PC activators (thrombin, PROTAC venom), in chronometric and amidolytic assays.(Normal protein S levelswere first tested).As shown by those results, PC activity is normal in amidolytic assays even after preliminary adsorption whatever the activation is. On the contrary, the PC anticoagulant activity is reduced in any technique. We can conclude that the activation is normal. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) with or without calcium showed normal migration as compared to controls. Normal adsorption on insoluble salts and normal Ca-binding in CIE allow us to say that the abnormal PC is not completely acarboxylated. As amidolytic assays (normal in patients) do not assess the ability of activated PC to interact with protein S (PS) and phospholipids via calcium, 3 hypothesis can explain the functional abnormality:- abnormal binding to PS- abnormal binding to phospholipids due to partially carboxylated glutamic acids (which would be sufficient to promote adsorption)- defective inhibition of Va and Villa because a conformational change allowing only hydrolysis of little synthetic peptides.
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Sojoudi, Hossein, Fernando Reiter i Samuel Graham. "Transparent Electrodes From Graphene/Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Composites". W ASME 2013 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2013-73158.
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A transparent conductive electrode comprised of alternating layers of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and metallic single wall nanotubes (M-SWNTs) is presented. It was found that the addition of two single-layer graphene sheets enhances the conduction pathways in the M-SWNT film, yielding up to a 75% decrease in the sheet resistance with little sacrifice in the optical transmittance. Enhancements in the electrical properties of the films were made through a heat treatment process followed by nitric acid and thionyl chloride doping, yielding a sheet resistance of 70 Ω/sq with a transmittance of 78% at 550 nm. Composite films having undergone an annealing step were found to have stable electrical properties upon exposure to atmospheric conditions while doped films demonstrated limited stability.
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Lukhanin, Alexey, Andrey Byelyayev, Dmitrij Fedorchenko, Manap Khazhmuradov, Oleksandr Lukhanin, Sergey Martynov, Yegor Rudychev, Eugene Sporov i Upendra S. Rohatgi. "Investigation of Air Flow Cooling of Li-Ion Batteries". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63095.
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Lithium -ion batteries are used in electric cars, hybrid cars and Boeing 787 Dreamliner. There is an issue with heat generation in these batteries that may cause fire and reduce performance. An experimental chamber has been setup that provides dynamic and static cooling/heating regimes for Li-ion batteries. Air flow is produced by air station with maximum output of 80 m3/h. The maximum possible pressure drop is 7000 Pa. Air station can work both in pumping and exhausting mode. This test setup will be used to study various surface topology to enhance heat transfer without increase weight. Experimental setup contains two-stage temperature stabilization system. During the first stage we use the preliminary heating or cooling of the inlet air in the air buffer. The aim is to achieve the air temperature close to required inlet temperature. During the next stage air passes through the chamber with temperature controller where eventually the flow temperature is set. This approach provides flow temperature stabilization within −30°C to +50°C range with 0.2°C accuracy. For our studies we have designed and manufactured simulators of Li-ion battery power cells with the same thermal properties as the original ones. Each simulator contains 40 surface temperature sensors (20 per side). The data from sensors is transferred to computer by the NI-6225 PC card for control and further processing. The design of the simulators provides information about the placement of cooling surfaces with various surface elements and its efficiency — fins, triangles, wings, etc. In this paper, the characteristics of cooling surfaces with filleted pins will be reported. We have measured the surface temperature distributions and obtained the corresponding cooling diagrams for 10–40°C temperature range and 1 m/sec – 4 m/sec flow rates. The experimental results are compared to the computer simulation using SolidWorks Flow Simulation™ software.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "2003 m-782"
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Epiphan, Jean, i Steven Handel. Trajectory of forest vegetation under contrasting stressors over a 26-year period, at Morristown National Historical Park: Focused condition assessment report. National Park Service, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2297281.
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The Jockey Hollow section and the New Jersey Brigade Area of Morristown National Historical Park (MORR) are predominantly comprised of upland oak-hickory forests that have regrown over the past 200 years from previous land uses. The forest is being damaged by two major stressors, a large population of white-tailed deer and an abundance of non-native, invasive shrubs and herbaceous species. This study explores changes to the forest over 26 years and suggests management techniques to avoid future degradation. The forest is typical of many upland stands in the region, and studies here would be applicable to many lands controlled by the National Park Service and to many public and private land owners. In 1995, 18 vegetation experimental plots were established in the forest, each 20 x 20 m. Ten plots were in areas that had no non-native, invasive plants. The other eight plots had invasive species. All trees, shrubs and a sampling of herbs were recorded in each of the 18 plots. At that time, no GPS technology was available and handwritten maps were used to record locations. The plots were revisited and resurveyed in 2001; however, only 13 plots were found. This 2021 study is a new survey of the plot conditions. The investigators were able to relocate 17 of the original plots. New GPS locations were recorded for these 17 plots to facilitate future studies. The goal of the study was to test if changes over 26 years in forest conditions differed between the original invaded plots as compared to the uninvaded plots. Also, these data will allow us to measure the progress of invasion into previously uninvaded areas. Together, these results will allow the forest managers to focus attention on the most aggressive plant invaders and to understand the fate of this forest type that is being challenged by deer and non-native plants. Over the last 26 years there has been no hunting for deer here. Also, the plots were not within the few deer exclosures at MORR; deer were able to enter the landscape from surrounding heavily wooded areas. Data were collected in four layers of vegetation – mature trees, saplings, shrubs, and herbaceous groundcovers. The mature trees in the invaded forest plots demonstrated declining trends. The species richness declined by 6%, the average number of trees declined by 30%, white ash and flowering dogwood had the most losses, and basal area did not increase over time because very few new saplings grew into mature tree sizes. The uninvaded plots’ mature trees also revealed a 20% declined in richness, number of trees declined by 18%, the greatest losses occurred for red maple and black birch, but basal area increased slightly due to growth of large persisting trees. Saplings in the invaded forest experienced declines over the 26 years. Species richness declined by 38%, number of native saplings decreased by 44%, and number of invasive saplings increased by 600%. In the uninvaded forest, the conditions and trends were variable. Richness decreased by 21%, no invasive saplings found, number of native saplings increased by 37% (due to increases in American beech). With American beech excluded, the number of native saplings decreased by 60%. In both forest types, the declining number of native saplings was primarily caused by excessive deer damage. For the shrub layer in invaded plots, Japanese barberry stems increased by 122% by 2001 and 276% by 2021. Barberry became the dominant species. Similarly, wineberry stands increased 486% in 2001 and 157% for 2021. It is now the second most common species. However, in the uninvaded plots there was no significant increase in the number of barberry stems and wineberry was not present in 1995 or 2001, and only averaged 1.5 stems per plot in 2021. Neither species has a significant presence now and eradication is possible. A major finding is that the process of invasion of these shrubs over 26 years is very slow. For the herbaceous plants, in the invaded plots there was a sharp decrease in cover by 2021 due to the competitive impact by the abundant invasive shrubs. The invasive Japanese stiltgrass declined 86% in cover and native Carex (sedge) species declined by 78%. In the uninvaded forest plots, stiltgrass was present in very low amounts and did not increase significantly over 26 years. The number of quadrats with any stiltgrass only increased from 3 to 5 over the 26 years. These data show that stiltgrass invades slowly in the uninvaded plots, but in the invaded plots it was greatly replaced by invasive shrubs. Overall, the rate of change of the native herb cover was slow. Together, these data suggest that currently uninvaded forest areas can be protected by monitoring and rigorously eliminating any initial invasions by non-native shrubs and herbs. Once these species reach a significant presence in number of stems or cover in a plot they explode in number. Early intervention when invasive plants first appear is the most practical management tool. Reduction of deer density will also increase the reproductive potential and sustainability of our main forest tree species. Planting of new young canopy tree species, with protection from deer, can retard the ability of invasive plants to begin new populations.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar i Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.
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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Informe de la Evolución de la Balanza de Pagos y de la Posición de Inversión Internacional - IV trimestre del 2023. Banco de la República, marzec 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/balanzapagos.tr4-2023.
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El resultado global de la balanza de pagos para el cuarto trimestre de 2023 registra un déficit en cuenta corriente de US$ 2.293 millones (m) equivalente a 2,3% del PIB trimestral, superior en US$ 341 m y en 0,3 puntos porcentuales (pp.) del PIB con respecto al trimestre inmediatamente anterior. Por su parte, la cuenta financiera registró entradas netas de capital por US$ 1.621 m equivalentes a 1,6% del PIB trimestral, inferiores en US$ 78 m y en 0,1 pp. del PIB frente a lo reportado un trimestre atrás. Se estimaron errores y omisiones por US$ 672 m. Para 2023 se estima un déficit corriente de US$ 9.715 m equivalentes a 2,7% del PIB anual, inferior en US$ 11.652 m y en 3,5 pp. del PIB frente a lo observado un año antes. A su vez, la cuenta financiera, incluyendo un aumento de las reservas internacionales por US$ 1.718 m, registra entradas netas de capital por US$ 8.880 m, que representan 2,4% del PIB anual, inferiores en US$ 11.587 m y en 3,5 pp. del PIB frente a lo reportado un año atrás. Se estimaron errores y omisiones por US$ 836 m. Con el propósito de suministrar información que permita comprender con mayor claridad la evolución reciente del sector externo colombiano, este boletín contiene tres partes: la primera describe la evolución de la balanza de pagos en el cuarto trimestre de 2023 frente a lo ocurrido en el tercer trimestre de ese año. La segunda parte presenta los resultados del total anual de 2023 frente al de 2022. En la tercera parte se resumen los resultados de la posición de inversión internacional del país a diciembre de 2023.