Gotowa bibliografia na temat „2002 f-725”

4627 Background: ChemoRT after surgery for locally advanced gastric cancer improves overall and relapse-free survival (OS and RFS) compared to observation (NEJM 2000,345:725–30). However, loco-regional recurrences (>50%) remain high and we hypothesized that adding IP FUDR would further improve outcome. Methods: Patients (pts) ECOG performance status (PS) 0–2, gastric/gastroesphogeal(GEJ) adenocarcinoma stage Ib-IV (M0) undergoing R0 resection were eligible, and had insertion of IP catheters at surgery. IP FUDR(3gm/dose/day) was given on protocol days 1, 2, 3 and 15, 16, 17 prior to 5-FU/LV and external beam RT (45Gy) as in cited study. Simon 2-stage optimum design was used to demonstrate safety. Endpoints also included were loco-regional recurrence and survival. Results: 28 pts with gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma (25/3) were enrolled from 2002 to 2006 at 2 institutions: median age 59.5 years (range 39–81), M /F (21/7). R0 gastric resection was performed with dissection of median 22 (range 8–102) lymph nodes(LN’s). 22/28 pts were lymph node positive. Full dose IP FUDR was completed in 20/28 pts. 4 pts required dose reduction (1 for grade(gr) 2 hepatic enzyme elevation, 2 gr 2 neutropenia, 1 gr 4 neutropenia), 3 discontinued therapy (1 gr 3 abdominal pain, 1 GI abscess, and 1 bleeding arterial pseudoaneurysm). One pt received no IP treatment due to catheter failure. 24/28 pts completed chemoRT and had toxicity comparable to that previously reported in the Intergroup 0116 trial. At 26 month median follow up (range 2.8–43.4), of the 26 pts evaluable for response, 16 pts are NED, 6 alive with disease, 3 dead of disease, and 1 dead from other cause. 5 recurrences were intra-abdominal, 1 local, 2 distant, and 1 at multiple sites. At present analysis, the median RFS is 32.5 months. Conclusions: IP FUDR prior to chemoRT after R0 gastric cancer resection is well tolerated. A randomized study to test its role in reducing regional recurrence and improving outcome is warranted. (FDA Orphan Products grant# FD-R-2150–04) No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Lattice rules are widely studied in the context of quasi-Monte Carlo methods as a means to achieve a small integration error. The rules themselves are determined completely by so called generating vectors, so there is an interest in methods for constructing vectors that perform well. This article introduces a new component-wise construction of a generating vector using the principles of Monte Carlo tree search, with the goal of avoiding local optima. Error bounds are proven for the vectors obtained from this method, which are analogous to existing results for the popular component by component construction. References J. Dick. On the convergence rate of the component-by-component construction of good lattice rules. J. Complex. 20 (2004), pp. 493–522. doi: 10.1016/j.jco.2003.11.008 J. Dick, F. Y. Kuo, and I. H. Sloan. High-dimensional integration: The quasi-Monte Carlo way. Acta Numer. 22 (2013), pp. 133–288. doi: 10.1017/S0962492913000044 M. Giles, F. Y. Kuo, I. H. Sloan, and B. J. Waterhouse. Quasi-Monte Carlo for finance applications. ANZIAM J. 50 (2008), pp. C308–C323. doi: 10.21914/anziamj.v50i0.1440 N. M. Korobov. Approximate evaluation of repeated integrals. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 124 (1959), pp. 1207–1210 F. Y. Kuo. Component-by-component constructions achieve the optimal rate of convergence for multivariate integration in weighted Korobov and Sobolev spaces. J. Complex. 19 (2003), pp. 301–320. doi: 10.1016/S0885-064X(03)00006-2 D. Nuyens and R. Cools. Fast algorithms for component-by-component construction of rank-1 lattice rules in shift-invariant reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. Math. Comput. 75 (2006), pp. 903–920. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-06-01785-6 I. H. Sloan and A. V. Restzov. Component-by-component construction of good lattice rules. Math. Comput. 71 (2002), pp. 263–273. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-01-01342-4 I. H. Sloan and H. Woźniakowski. When are quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms efficient for high-dimensional integrals? J. Complex. 14 (1998), pp. 1–33. doi: 10.1006/jcom.1997.0463 X. Wang and I. H. Sloan. Efficient weighted lattice rules with applications to finance. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 28 (2006), pp. 728–750. doi: 10.1137/S1064827502418197

The objective of this study was to evaluate the actions offered in the Teacher Development Program from the perceptions of the teachers of the medical course of a public university that has been working with active teaching and learning methods since 2002. After each action of the program, an evaluation instrument was applied to the participants, and the answers were submitted to content analysis and then organized into three categories: infrastructure and logistics, the teaching-learning strategies and the developed content. Teachers highlight the importance of organization and planning of activities and the environment in which these actions are developed; they emphasize the importance of using teaching–learning strategies that allow greater re?ection on own practice and the integration of theory and practice. They point out that the themes proposed were timely and necessary, they recognize the importance of being in development, they talk about the motivation from the experiences lived. It is concluded that the Teacher Development is a process through which the teacher is in transformation, through a conscious and constant reflection of his own practice. This process can be promoted by institutional investments and by the regulatory mechanisms of institutions, constituted of an evaluation referenced in objective indicators, consistent with the goals to be achieved. In this sense, it is necessary to invest in permanent education, because long-term programs allow the development of the teacher´s and the institution´s needs.ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as ações oferecidas em um Programa de Desenvolvimento Docente a partir da percepção dos professores do curso de medicina de uma universidade pública que utiliza métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem desde 2002. Após cada ação do programa, um instrumento de avaliação foi aplicado aos participantes, e respostas foram submetidas à análise do conteúdo e em seguida foram organizadas em três categorias: infraestrutura e logística, estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem utilizadas, e conteúdo desenvolvido. Os professores destacam a importância da organização e planejamento das atividades e do ambiente em que essas ações se desenvolveram; Enfatizam a importância de utilizar estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem que possibilitem maior reflexão sobre a própria prática e a integração da teoria e a prática. Apontam que os temas propostos foram oportunos e necessários, reconhecem a importância de estarem em desenvolvimento, falam sobre a motivação a partir das experiências vivenciadas. Conclui-se que o Desenvolvimento Docente é um processo pelo qual o professor está em transformação, por meio de uma re?exão consciente e constante de sua própria prática. Esse processo pode ser promovido pelos investimentos institucionais e pelos mecanismos reguladores das instituições constituídos por uma avaliação referenciada em indicadores objetivos, coerentes com as metas a serem alcançadas. Nesse sentido, é necessário investir na educação permanente, pois os programas em longo prazo permitem trabalhar as necessidades do professor e da instituição.ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las acciones ofrecidas en un Programa de Desarrollo Docente a partir de la percepción de los profesores del curso de medicina de una universidad pública que utiliza métodos activos de enseñanza - aprendizaje desde 2002. Después de cada acción del programa, un instrumento de evaluación se aplicó a los participantes, y las respuestas se sometieron al análisis del contenido y luego se organizaron en tres categorías: infraestructura y logística, estrategias de enseñanza - aprendizaje utilizadas, y contenido desarrollado. Los profesores destacan la importancia de la organización y planificación de las actividades y del ambiente en que esas acciones se desarrollaron; Enfatizan la importancia de utilizar estrategias de enseñanza - aprendizaje que posibiliten una mayor reflexión sobre la propia práctica y la integración de la teoría y la práctica. Se señalan que los temas propuestos fueron oportunos y necesarios, reconocen la importancia de estar en desarrollo, hablan sobre la motivación a partir de las experiencias vivenciadas. Se concluye que el Desarrollo Docente es un proceso por el cual el profesor está en transformación, por medio de una re?exión consciente y constante de su propia práctica. Este proceso puede ser promovido por las inversiones institucionales y por los mecanismos reguladores de las instituciones constituidos por una evaluación referenciada en indicadores objetivos, coherentes con las metas a ser alcanzadas. En este sentido, es necesario invertir en la educación permanente, pues los programas a largo plazo permiten trabajar las necesidades del profesor y de la institución.Keywords: Educational development, Medical education, Professional development, Qualitative research.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento e educação, Formação médica, Desenvolvimento profissional, Pesquisa qualitativa.Palabras claves: Desarrollo y educación, Formación médica, Desarrollo profesional, Investigación cualitativa.ReferencesABID, Kauser. Faculty development: a need in time for educators in healthcare. J Pak Med Assoc, v. 63, n. 4, p. 428-431, Apr., 2013.ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza Carvalho; BATISTA, Nildo Alves. Ser docente em métodos ativos de ensino-aprendizagem na formação do médico. Rev Bras Educ Med, v. 35, n. 4, p. 468-476, julho, 2011.ALMEIDA, Maria Tereza Carvalho; MAIA, Fernanda Alves; BATISTA, Nildo Alves. Gestão nas escolas médicas e sustentabilidade dos programas de desenvolvimento docente. Avaliação: Revista da Avaliação da Educação Superior, v. 18, n. 2, p. 299-310, jul., 2013.ANDERSON, Winston A. et al. Changing the culture of Science Education at research universities. Science Education, v. 331, p.152-153, Jan., 2011.ARMSTRONG, Elizabeth G.; BARSION, Sylvia J. Creating “Innovator’s DNA” in Health Care Education. Academic Medicine, v. 88, n. 3, p. 342-348, Mar., 2013.ARMSTRONG, Elizabeth G.; DOYLE, Jennifer; BENNETT, Nancy L. Transformative professional development of physicians as educators: assessment of a model. Academic Medicine, v. 78, n. 7, p. 702-708, Jul., 2003.AUSUBEL, David Paul. A aprendizagem significativa: a teoria de David Ausubel. São Paulo: Moraes, 1982.BALMER, Dorene F.; RICHARDS, Boyd F. Faculty development as transformation: Lessons learned from a process-oriented program. Teaching and learning in medicine, v. 24, n. 3, p. 242-247, Jul., 2012.BARDIN, Laurence. Análise de conteúdo. 3ed. Lisboa: Almedina, 2004.CATE, Olle Ten et al. Faculty development through international exchange: The IMEX initiative. Medical teacher, v. 36, n. 7, p. 591-595, Jun., 2014.CECIM, Ricardo Burg. Educação permanente em saúde: desafio ambicioso e necessário. Interface – Comunicação, Saúde e Educação, v. 9, n. 16, p. 161-177, fev., 2005.CENTRA, John A. Types of faculty development programs. The Journal of Higher Education, v. 49, n. 2, p. 151-162, 1978.CHOU, Calvin L. et al. The Impact of a Faculty Learning Community on Professional and Personal Development: The Facilitator Training Program of the American Academy on Communication in Healthcare. Academic Medicine, v. 89, n. 7, p. 1051-1056, Jul., 2014.COSTA, Nilce Maria da Silva Campos. Docência no ensino médico: por que é tão difícil mudar?. Rev bras educ méd, v. 31, n. 1, p. 21-30, 2007.DEWEY, John. Experiência e Natureza - Lógica - a Arte Como Experiência - Vida e Educação - Teoria da Vida moral. 2 ed. São Paulo: Abril cultural, 1985.DONABEDIAN, Avedis. Evaluating physician competence. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 78, n. 6, p. 857-860, 2000.EBRAHIMI, Sedigheh; KOJURI, Javad. Assessing the Impact of Faculty Development Fellowship in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Arch Iran Med, v. 15, n. 2, p. 79-81, Feb., 2012.FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia da autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1996.GADAMER, Hans Georg. Verdade e Método: traços fundamentais de uma hermenêutica filosófica. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1999.HABERMAS, Jurgen. Conhecimento e interesse. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Zahar, 1987.KIRKPATRICK, Donald L. Como implementar os quatro níveis de avaliação de treinamento de equipes: um guia prático. 1 ed, Rio de Janeiro: Artmed, 2010.KNIGHT, Amy M. et al. Long?Term Follow?Up of a Longitudinal Faculty Development Program in Teaching Skills. Journal of general internal medicine, v. 20, n. 8, p. 721-725, Aug., 2005.MOORE, Philippa. Logros más alla de los objetivos: evaluación cualitativa de un programa de formación en educación médica. Revista médica de Chile, v. 142, n. 3, p. 336-343, mar., 2014.MORAHAN, Page S.; FLEETWOOD, J. Do we really value what our faculty do? Academic Physician & Scientist, p. 7-9, Sep.-Oct., 2009.NÓVOA, António. Formação de professores e profissão docente. Lisboa: Publicações Dom Quixote. Cap. 1, p. 1-27. 1992.PELIZZARI, Adriana et al. Teoria da aprendizagem significativa segundo Ausubel. Revista PEC, v. 2, n. 1, p. 37-42, jul., 2002.PERRON, Noelle Junod et al. Impact of a faculty development program for teaching communication skills on participants’ practice. Postgraduate medical journal, v. 90, n. 1063, p. 245-250, Apr., 2014.SARIKAYA, Ozlem et al. The impact of a faculty development program: evaluation based on the self-assessment of medical educators from preclinical and clinical disciplines. Advances in physiology education, v. 34, n. 2, p. 35-40, Jun., 2010.SCHÖN, Donald. A. Formar professores como profissionais reflexivos. In: NÓVOA, Antônio. Os professores e sua formação. Lisboa: Dom Quixote. v. 2, p. 77-91, 1992.SIMPSON, Deborah et al. Fifteen years of aligning faculty development with primary care clinician–educator roles and academic advancement at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Academic Medicine, v. 81, n. 11, p. 945-953, Nov., 2006.SINGH, Tejinder et al. Impact of a fellowship program for faculty development on the self-efficacy beliefs of health professions teachers: A longitudinal study. Medical teacher, v. 35, n. 5, p. 359-364, Jun., 2013.STEINERT, Yvonne et al. A systematic review of faculty development initiatives designed to improve teaching effectiveness in medical education: BEME Guide No. 8. Medical teacher, v. 28, n. 6, p. 497-526, Sep., 2006.STEINERT, Yvonne et al. Faculty development as an instrument of change: A case study on teaching professionalism. Academic Medicine, v. 82, n. 11, p. 1057-1064, Nov., 2007.WILKERSON, LuAnn; IRBY, David M. Strategies for improving teaching practices: a comprehensive approach to faculty development. Academic Medicine, v. 73, n. 4, p. 387-396, Apr., 1998.

In August 2008, long and narrow lesions were observed on leaves of corn (Zea mays L.) growing in a field in Pope County, Illinois. Lesions were 10 to 35 × 50 to 250 mm and were cream to tan. Dark pycnidia inside the lesions were immersed and approximately 350 μm in diameter. Affected leaves were collected and placed into a moist chamber to encourage the development of conidia. Conidia developed in cirri and were dark, one septate, and 7 to 11 × 59 to 87 μm. Cirri were streaked onto potato dextrose agar (PDA; Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and cultures arising from single conidia were transferred and maintained. On the basis of the corn leaf symptoms and the morphological characteristics of the pycnidia and conidia, the fungus was tentatively identified as Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton (1). To complete Koch's postulates, ‘Garst 84H80-3000GT’ corn was inoculated in the greenhouse. Conidia were produced by placing a S. macrospora isolate from Pope County, IL onto water agar containing autoclaved corn leaves and incubating at room temperature until pycnidia and conidia were produced (approximately 3 weeks). A conidial suspension was used to inoculate the leaf whorls of corn plants (approximately at the V4 growth stage). Control plants were mock inoculated with sterile water. The experiment was repeated once over time. Twenty days after inoculation, all plants inoculated with S. macrospora conidia developed lesions similar to those observed in the field, and mock-inoculated plants remained symptomless. The fungus was reisolated on PDA from the symptomatic leaves. In August 2009, symptomatic leaves similar to those observed in Pope County, IL in 2008 were observed and collected from corn fields in Gallatin and Vermillion counties. Pycnidia and conidia from these lesions were similar to those described above, and isolates from single conidia were obtained from these samples. To confirm the identity of all isolates collected, PCR amplification of the small subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers EF3RCNL and ITS4 was conducted (3). The PCR product was sequenced with these primers at the Keck Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana. The resulting nucleotide sequence was compared with small subunit rDNA and ITS sequences deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database, which revealed 99% homology to sequences of S. macrospora. In total, six of our S. macrospora isolates from Gallatin, Pope, and Vermillion counties were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, IL, where they have received NRRL Accession Nos. 54190–54195. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. macrospora affecting corn in Illinois. Although not observed in the Illinois corn fields described above, S. macrospora has been reported to infect stalks and ears (2). Because of the large leaf lesions caused by S. macrospora and its reported aggressiveness in causing disease on leaves, ears, and stalks, this pathogen has the potential to cause severe yield and quality losses to corn in the United States (2). References: (1) M. L. Carson. Diseases of minor importance or limited occurrence. Page 23 in: Compendium of Corn Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (2) F. M. Latterell and A. E. Rossi. Plant Dis. 67:725, 1983. (3) N. S. Lord et al. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42:327, 2002.

We prove a functional equation for the characteristic ideal of the "big" Selmer group 𝒳(𝒯ℱ/F cyc ) associated to an ordinary Hida family of elliptic modular forms over the cyclotomic ℤp extension of a general number field F, under the assumption that there is at least one arithmetic specialization whose Selmer group is torsion over its Iwasawa algebra. For a general number field, the two-variable cyclotomic Iwasawa main conjecture for ordinary Hida family is not proved and this can be thought of as an evidence to the validity of the Iwasawa main conjecture. The central idea of the proof is to prove a variant of the result of Perrin-Riou [Groupes de Selmer et accouplements; cas particulier des courbes elliptiques, Doc. Math.2003 (2003) 725–760, Extra Volume: Kazuya Kato's fiftieth birthday] by constructing a generalized pairing on the individual Selmer groups corresponding to the arithmetic points and make use of the appropriate specialization techniques of Ochiai [Euler system for Galois deformations, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble)55(1) (2005) 113–146].

The concept of plants and microbes utilization for remediation measure of pollutant contaminated soil is the newest development in term of petroleum waste management technique. The research objective was to obtain wild grass types and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria which are capable to synergize in decreasing petroleum concentration within petroleum contaminated soil. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. This research was conducted by using randomized completely block design. The first factor treatments were consisted of without plant, Tridax procumbens grass and Lepironia mucronata grass. The second factor treatments were consisted of without bacterium, single bacterium of Alcaligenes faecalis, single bacterium of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and mixed bacteria of Alcaligenes faecalis with P. alcaligenes. The results showed that mixed bacteria (A. faecalis and P. alcaligenes) were capable to increase the crown and roots dry weights of these two grasses, bacteria population, percentage of TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) decrease as well as TPH decrease and better pH value than that of single bacterium. The highest TPH decrease with magnitude of 70.1% was obtained on treatment of L. mucronata grass in combination with mixed bacteria.[How to Cite: Gofar N. 2013.Synergism of Wild Grass and Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria in Petroleum Biodegradation. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 161-168. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.161]REFERENCESBello YM. 2007. Biodegradation of Lagoma crude oil using pig dung. Afr J Biotechnol 6: 2821-2825.Gerhardt KE, XD Huang, BR Glick and BM Greenberg. 2009. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation of organic soil contaminants: Potential and challenges. Plant Sci 176: 20-30.Glick BR. 2010. Using soil bacteria to facilitate phytoremediation. Biotechnol Adv 28: 367-374. Gofar N. 2011. Characterization of petroleum hydrocarbon decomposing fungi isolated from mangrove rhizosphere. J Trop Soils 16(1): 39-45. doi: 10.5400/jts.2011.16.1.39Gofar N. 2012. Aplikasi isolat bakteri hidrokarbonoklastik asal rhizosfer mangrove pada tanah tercemar minyak bumi. J Lahan Suboptimal 1: 123-129 (in Indonesian). Hong WF, IJ Farmayan, CY Dortch, SK Chiang and JL Schnoor. 2001. Environ Sci Technol 35: 1231.Khashayar T and T Mahsa. 2010. Biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons by bacterial diversity in soil. Morld App Sci J 8: 750-755.Lal B and S Khanna. 1996. Degradation of Crude Oil by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Alcaligenes odorans, J Appl Bacteriol 81: 355- 362.Mackova M, D Dowling and T Macek. 2006. Phytoremediation and rhizoremediation: Theoretical background. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands. 300 p. Malik ZA and S Ahmed. 2012. 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Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and some cations (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in a crude oil polluted soil and possible phytoremediation by Cynodon dactylon L (Bermuda grass). J Environ Earth Sci 2: 12-17.Pezeshki SR, MW Hester, Q Lin and JA Nyman. 2000. The effect of oil spill and clean-up on dominant US Gulf Coast Marsh Macrophytes: a review. Environ Pollution 108: 129-139.Pikoli MR, P Aditiawati and DI Astuti. 2000. Isolasi bertahap dan identifikasi isolat bakteri termofilik pendegradasi minyak bumi dari sumur bangko. Laporan Penelitian pada Jurusan Biologi, ITB, Bandung (unpublished, in Indonesian).Pilon-Smits E and JL Freeman. 2006. Environmental cleanup using plants: biotechnological advances and ecological considerations. Front Ecol Environ 4: 203-10. Rahman KSM, JT Rahman, P Lakshmanaperumalsamy, and IM Banat. 2002. Towards efficient crude oil degradation by a mixed bacterial consortium. Bioresource Technol 85: 257-261.Rossiana N. 2004. Oily Sludge Bioremediation with Zeolite and Microorganism and It’s Test with Albizia Plant (Paraserianthes falcataria) L (Nielsen). Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Biology Padjadjaran University, Bandung (unpublished).Rossiana, N. 2005. Penurunan Kandungan Logam Berat dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L (Nielsen) Bermikoriza dalam Media Limbah Lumpur Minyak Hasil Ekstraksi. Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biologi Lingkungan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung (in Indonesian).Sathishkumar M, B Arthur Raj, B Sang-Ho, and Y Sei-Eok. 2008. Biodegradation of crude oil by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated areas clean. Ind J Biotechnol 36: 92-96.Shirdam R, AD Zand, GN Bidhendi and N Mehrdadi. 2008. Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils with emphasis on effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on the growth of plant species. Phytoprotection 89: 21-29.Singer AC, DE Crowley and IP Thompson. 2003. Secondary plant metabolites in phytoremediation and biotransformation. Trends Biotechnol 21: 123-130.Singh A and OP Ward. 2004. Applied Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. Springler, Berlin, 281p.Surtikanti H and W Surakusumah. 2004. Peranan Tanaman dalam Proses Bioremediasi Oli Bekas dalam Tanah Tercemar. Ekol Biodivers Trop 2: 48-52 (in Indonesian).Wenzel WW. 2009. Rhizosphere processes and management in plant-assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soil. Plant Soil 321: 385-408.Widjajanti H, I Anas, N Gofar and MR Ridho. 2010. Screening of petroleum hydrocarbons degrading bacteria as a bioremediating agents from mangrove areas. Proceeding of International Seminar, workshop on integrated lowland development and management, pp. C7 1-9.Widjajanti H. 2012. Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi Menggunakan Bakteri dan Kapang Hidrokarbonoklastik dari Kawasan Mangrove Tercemar Minyak Bumi. [Disertasi]. Universitas Sriwijaya (in Indonesian).

Este artículo de reflexión es el resultado de la revisión analítica, interpretativa y crítica de los documentos, leyes y jurisprudencia relacionada con el derecho al olvido de los pederastas, la pedofilia y la pederastia, cumpliendo con los objetivos principales de clarificar los conceptos objeto de discusión y formular posibles alternativas frente a las escasas limitaciones para la vinculación al mercado laboral de quienes han sido condenados por delitos sexuales contra menores de catorce años. Mediante la utilización del tipo de investigación dogmática, descriptiva y de análisis estático de precedente se logró concluir que la pedofilia, al ser una enfermedad incurable, debe ser tratada con el fin de evitar su materialización en la pederastia y, como medida preventiva de delitos, el Congreso de la República de Colombia ostenta la misión de reglar el manejo de las bases de datos de los condenados por estos delitos a través de una ley estatutaria. 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The debate about diagnoses and treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children continue to range on between the developmental and biological perspectives. While there is increasing evidence that support the biological susceptibility of the disorder, a number of researches also emphasized the significant effect of environment on the syndrome. This study used developmental perspectives to evaluate and bring together various bio-psychosocial factors that impact on children diagnosed with ADHD. The study explored and integrated the existing and advancing study on ADHD to a more refined pattern that embraced developmental perspectives. The study also discussed how the linkage in childhood ADHD fits within the developmental psychopathology perspective. 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Abstract Abstract 2986 Poster Board II-962 Introduction: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulator of coagulation. Similar to the adult population, it is of utmost importance in pediatric patients to maintain the balance between pro- and anticoagulatory signals (Petaja and Manco-Johnson 2003). Cancer patients have been shown to have cancer and cancer-therapy associated pathologies of the protein C pathway. (Nijziel, van Oerle et al. 2003; Woodley-Cook, Shin et al. 2006). A test evaluating the response of the protein C pathway after activation of endogenous protein C has been shown to be a sensitive tool to screen for protein C deficiency and APC resistance whereas protein S deficiency is detected less reliably (Toulon, Halbmeyer et al. 2000). This is in line with findings suggesting that any pathology of this assay is related to an increased risk of VTE, independent of the pathology related to the abnormality of the test result (Toulon, Perez et al. 2007). Similarly, patients with idiopathic pregnancy loss were found to have a pathological response independent of the pathology related (Sarig, Lanir et al. 2002). Methods: We therefore evaluated the influence of different variables on the results of the global protein C assay (Pro C Global on a BCS analyzer, Siemens, Marburg, Germany) in 431 children enrolled into the Thrombotect study. The Thrombotect study is a prospective, randomized trial evaluating unfractionated heparin vs low molecular weight heparin vs antithrombin replacement for prevention of thromboembolism in children undergoing asparaginase containing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblasic leukaemia within the BFM protocol. A multivariate linear regression analysis on results obtained before treatment was performed (MedCalc 10.0.1). Results: To date (as of 8/09), 720 children have been randomized in the Thrombotect trial. At the time, we had complete data for laboratory evaluation available for 431 children on day 0 of the treatment protocol. Free protein S, IgG antibodies against cardiolipin or phosphatidlyserine, dRVVT, fibrinogen, the presence of F II G20210A, homocystein concentration, Lp(a) concentration and PAI-1 activity had no predictive value towards the protein C pathway assay result in this multivariate analysis. In contrast, the protein C pathway activity was expectedly shown to be dependent on the presence of the F V Leiden mutation (p<0.0001), protein C activity (p<0.0001) and F VIIIc (p=0.0001). Unexpectedly, the protein C pathway activity was also dependent on antithrombin activity (p=0.0166), F XIIc (p=0.0137) and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies against cardiolipin (p=0.0304) and phosphatidylserine (p=0.0006) in this multivariate analysis. Importantly, the association between protein C pathway activity and the “unexpected” predictors were independent of whether or not the results were in the reference range or not (median [95% CI] antithrombin activity 0.95 [0.93-0.97], median F XIIc 0.94 [0.90-0.98], median ACL IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml, median APS IgM 2 [2-3] U/ml). Conclusions: The protein C pathway is believed to be a crucial regulatory element of haemostasis. Our results from a large cohort (n = 431) of children with ALL and thus at risk for thromboembolism indicate that the protein C pathway is -expectedly (such as F V Leiden mutation, protein C activity, F VIIIc) and unexpectedly (such as antithrombin activity and the concentration of antiphospholipid IgM antibodies) - interdependent with many other variables of the coagulation system. These data provide evidence that the protein C pathway ex vivo in children with ALL is targeted by various elements of other haemostasis pathways in a significant manner in multivariate analysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Previous literature in cognitive psychology has provided data involving differences in language processing between men and women. It has been found that women are usually more proficient with certain semantic categories such as fruit, vegetables and furniture. Men are reported to be better at other categories semantic, e.g. tools and transport. The aim of this article is to provide an inquiry about possible differences in semantic category processing of living things (LT) and inanimate objects (IO) by Argentinian Spanish-speakers school-aged children. The group of 86 children between 8 and 12 years old (51.16% boys) has been assessed on a semantic fluency task. Six semantic categories have been tested, three of them from the LT domain (animals, fruit/vegetables, and body parts) and three from the IO domain (transport, clothes and musical instruments). Results showed differences in semantic processing between boys and girls. Girls retrieved more items from the LT domain and activated more animals and fruit/vegetables. These findings appear to support an innate conceptual organization of the mind, which is presumably influenced by cultural factors and/or schooling. References Albanese, E., Capitani, E., Barbarotto, R., & Laiacona, M. (2000). Semantic categorydissociations, familiarity and gender. Cortex, 36, 733–746. Barbarotto, R., Laiacona, M., & Capitani, E. (2008). Does sex influence the age of acquisitionof common names? A contrast of different semantic categories. Cortex, 44(9), 1161–1170. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2007.08.016 Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., & Barbarotto, R. (1999). Gender affects Word retrieval of certaincategories in semantic fluency tasks. Cortex, 35, 273–278. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70800-1 Capitani, E., Laiacona, M., Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2003). What are the facts ofsemantic category-specific deficits? 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J. & Moratilla-Pérez, I. (2016). Naming and Categorization in HealthyParticipants: Crowded Domains and Blurred Effects of Gender. The Spanish Journal ofPsychology 19, 49, 1–15. doi:10.1017/sjp.2016.59 Nieto, A., Galtier, I., Barroso, J., & Espinosa, G. (2008). Fluencia verbal en niños españoles enedad escolar: estudio normativo piloto y análisis de las estrategias organizativas. Revista deNeurología, 46(1), 2–6. Olabarrieta Landa, L., Benito Sanchez, I., Landa Torre, E., López Mugartza Iriarte, J., Alegret,M., Arango-Lasprilla, J. (2015) The Effect of Specific Language on Performance on VerbalFluency Tasks in Basque-Spanish Bilinguals. Arch ClinNeuropsychol, 30(6), 565. doi:10.1093/arclin/acv047.208 Pekkala, S., Goral, M., Hyun, J., Obler, L. K., Erkinjuntti, T., & & Albert, M. (2009).Semantic verbal fluency in two contrasting languages. Clin Linguist Phon., 23(6), 431–445.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699200902839800 Riva, D., Nichelli, F., & Devoti, M. (2000). 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Der von Karl Korinek und Michael Holoubek begründete Großkommentar bietet traditionell eine ebenso umfassende wie profunde Aufarbeitung des österreichischen Verfassungsrechts. Was vor mehr als zwanzig Jahren als Pionierprojekt begonnen hat, ist mittlerweile zum bestimmenden Referenzwerk für Wissenschaft und Praxis geworden. Der zwischenzeitlich um Christoph Bezemek, Claudia Fuchs, Andrea Martin und Ulrich E. Zellenberg ergänzte Kreis der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber verfolgt nach wie vor konsequent jenen Anspruch, der das Werk seit jeher ausgezeichnet hat: die Verbindung von unbedingter wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz mit größtmöglicher Aktualität. In zehn laufend ergänzten und aktualisierten Teilbänden vermessen führende Vertreterinnen und Vertreter des öffentlichen Rechts aus Wissenschaft und Praxis sämtliche Bestandteile der Grundordnung der Republik. Sie machen den "Korinek/Holoubek" damit nicht nur zu einem Zentralwerk der österreichischen Rechtsdogmatik, sondern auch zum Ankerpunkt jeder akademisch fundierten Auseinandersetzung mit der österreichischen Bundesverfassung. Die 17. Lieferung (Februar 2022) umfasst: Art 10/1 Z 6 2. Tb und Art 10/1 Z 6 3. Tb (Andreas Wimmer) Art 23e und Art 23k (Theodor Öhlinger/Christoph Konrath) Art 29/2-3 (Georg Lienbacher) Art 72 (Christoph Hofstätter) Art 78/1 (Bernd Wieser) Art 78a-d (Magdalena Pöschl) Art 90/2 (Christoph Herbst) Art 101 (Thomas Müller) Art 130/1a und Art 130/2a (Harald Eberhard) Art 131/3 und Art 131/4-6 (Thomas Ziniel) Art 133/1-2a und 9 (David Leeb) § 7 F-VG (Teilaustausch) und 17 F-VG (Hans-Georg Ruppe) Art 22 GRC (Jürgen Pirker) Art 38 GRC (Reinhard Klaushofer) Art 11 StGG (Ulrich E. Zellenberg) Aufbau des Gesamtwerkes: Band I/1: Art 1 bis 12 B-VG Band I/2: Art 13 bis 49b B-VG Band I/3: Art 50 bis 81c B-VG Band I/4: Art 82 bis 128 B-VG Band I/5: Art 129 bis 152 B-VG Band II/1: Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention samt Protokollen, Charta der Grundrechte Band II/2: Staatsgrundgesetz über die allgemeinen Rechte der Staatsbürger, BVG zum Schutz der persönlichen Freiheit sowie weitere Grundrechte (zB Grundrecht auf Datenschutz) Band III/1: Kommentar zum sonstigen Bundesverfassungsrecht: Internationale Beziehungen - Demokratische Grundordnung - Finanzverfassung - Staatsorganisation - Verfassungsaufträge und Staatszielbestimmungen - Energieverfassungsrecht Bände IV/1 und IV/2: Archiv

Tosylates are among the least expensive, but also among the least reactive toward Pd(0) oxidative addition, of aryl sulfonates. Jie Wu of Fudan University has now devised conditions (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 9346) for the Pd-catalyzed coupling of aryl tosylates such as 1 with arene trifluoroborates. Kei Manabe of RIKEN has found (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5593) that an ortho OH activates an adjacent Cl for Pd-mediated coupling, allowing the conversion of 4 to 6 . Philippe Uriac and Pierre van de Weghe of the Université de Rennes I have developed (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 3623) conditions for the catalytic acylation of aryl halides with alkenyl acetates such as 8. Multi-component coupling lends itself well to diversity-oriented synthesis. As illustrated by the combination of 10 with 11 and 12 to give 13 reported (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5589) by Michael F. Greaney of the University of Edinburgh, benzynes can do double addition with high regiocontrol. For other recent references to unsymmetrical double additions to arynes, see Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5921; Chem. Commun. 2007, 2405; and J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 14042. C-H functionalization of arenes is of increasing importance. John F. Hartwig of the University of Illinois has described (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 757; 761) improved conditions for Ir-catalyzed meta borylation, and conditions for further coupling of the initial borate 16 to give amines such as 17. Lei Liu and Qing-Xiang Guo of the University of Science and Technology, Hefei have found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 5449) that oxygen can be used as the stoichiometric oxidant in the Pd-catalyzed functionalization of H’s ortho to anilides. Two other research groups (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 6066; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 5554; J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7720) reported advances in this area. In a close competition, Jin-Quan Yu, now at Scripps/La Jolla (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 3510) and Olafs Daugulis of the University of Houston (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9879) both reported that a carboxyl group can activate an ortho H for direct functionalization.

The sedative alkaloid paliurine F 7 is a pentapeptide bridged by an arene. Gwilherm Evano of the Université de Versailles took advantage of this in his synthesis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 572) of 7, although it was necessary to prepare, from serine, one of the amino acid derivatives, the protected 3-hydroxyprolinol 2. The key step in the synthesis was the Cu-catalyzed intramolecular coupling of 5 to give the macrolactam 6. Deprotection and acylation then gave paliurine F 7. Lepadiformine 14, isolated from the tunicate Clavelina lepadiformis, shows moderate cytotoxicity, and is also a K+ channel blocker. The synthesis of 14 (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2631) by Donald Craig of Imperial College started with the aziridine 8, prepared from the corresponding epoxide. Opening of the protected aziridine with the anion of methyl phenyl sulfone set the stage for condensation of the dianion derived from 9 with the aldehyde 10, to give, with high diastereocontrol, the amine 11. Deprotection followed by cyclization then led to the activated ether 12. While the opening of 12 with an alkyl Grignard reagent proceeded with undesired inversion at the reacting center, opening with the alkynyl Grignard delivered mainly the desired 13. Reduction followed by oxidation, epimerization and reduction then gave lepadiformine 14. The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid 7-deoxypancratistatin 21 has potent antiviral activity. A challenge in the assembly of 21 is that the ring fusion is trans, less stable than the corresponding cis diastereomer. The synthesis of 21 (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 2570) by Albert Padwa of Emory University started with 17, the preparation of which by the combination 15 and 16 he had previously reported in the course of his synthesis of lycoricidine (OHL December 11, 2006). Ester 17 had the desired trans ring fusion, but with an angular ester substituent that had to be removed. While it would be expected from the mechanism that Rh-mediated decarbonylation of an aldehyde would proceed with retention of absolute configuration, and this had been confirmed experimentally, this reaction had not been applied to such a challenging substrate. In the event, the transformation proceeded smoothly, to give the desired trans 19. Dehydration and dihydroxylation of 19 led to the cyclic sulfate 20, selective SN2 opening of which delivered 7-deoxypancratistatin 21.

Enantiomerically-pure natural amino acids can serve as starting materials for alkaloid synthesis. In his synthesis (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 10114) of (-)-α-kainic acid 3, Kyung Woon Jung of the University of Southern California prepared the diazo sulfone 1 from (L)-glutamic acid. Rh-mediated intramolecular C-H insertion proceeded with the predicted high diastereoselectivity, to give the lactam 2, containing seven of the ten carbon atoms and two of the three stereogenic centers of (-)-α-kainic acid 3. The absolute configuration of the nitrogen ring system(s) can also be established by chiral catalysis. Dawei Ma of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry has developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9300) a chiral Cu catalyst that mediated the addition of alkynyl esters and ketones to the prochiral acylated pyridine 4 in high enantiomeric excess. The dihydro-pyridines (e.g. 5) so produced will be versatile starting materials both for alkaloid synthesis, as illustrated by the preparation of the Dendrobatid alkaloid 223AB 6, and for the production of pharmaceuticals. In his synthesis of the Dentrobatid alkaloid pumiliotoxin 251D 9, Timothy F. Jamison took (J. Org. Chem. 2007, 72, 7451) as his starting material another amino acid, proline. Ni-mediated cyclization of the epoxide 8 proceeded with high geometric and regiocontrol, to give 9. The chemistry to convert 7 into 8 with high diastereocontrol and without racemization is a substantial contribution that will have many other applications. In his synthesis (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 2763) of spirotryprostatin B 12, Barry M. Trost of Stanford University also started with proline, which was readily elaborated to the oxindole 10. The question was, could the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation of 10 be induced to provide specifically 11? Counting geometric isomers of the trisubstituted alkene, and allylic regioisomers, as well as diastereomers, there were sixteen possible products from this prenylation. Using chiral Pd control, the rearrangement proceeded with 14:1 regiocontrol, and 16:1 diasterocontrol. Oxidative cyclization of 11 then delivered spirotryprostatin B 12. The Cephalotaxus alkaloid (-)-drupacine 19 has five stereogenic centers, including four of the five positions on the cyclopentane ring.

The article focuses on the Canon on the miracles of St. John of Rila. Its Slavonic text is known solely from a Cyrillic Western Bulgarian manuscript copy of the early 14th century (St. Petersburg, National Library of Russia, Main Collection of the Manuscript Books (f. 550), F.I.p.72, fol. 35r‒38v.). It was published by Kl. Ivanova (1983), who considered it to be an original Slavonic composition, dated it to 1186‒1187 (when the relics of St. John of Rila returned from Hungary to the Bulgarian city of Serdica) and revealed its textual relation to the Life of John of Rila by the Byzantine writer George Skylitzes (the Greek original is nonextant). I. Dobrev (2002, 2007), using the method of reverse (Slavonic to Greek) translation of the initial words of the troparia of the Canon, identified a Greek acrostic ΥΜΝΟΣ ‘song (Nominative case)’ in the first five troparia (through the 1st troparion of the 3rd ode inclusive) and considered this Canon to be a compilation of two different sources, both translated from Greek: the first five troparia are taken from an unknown acrostic canon to St. John of Rila by George Skylitzes, and the rest were written without the use of an acrostic by an anonymous Byzantine hymnographer. Later Kl. Ivanova (2018) accepted the proposed Greek origin of the first five troparia of the Canon, but spoke out again for a Slavonic origin of the subsequent (main) part of the same composition. The present article reveals a textual relation of two troparia from the 8th ode of the Canon on the miracles of John of Rila with two authentic (composed with an acrostic) hymnographic works by George Skylitzes: his canons to the great martyrs St. George and St. Demetrius of Thessalonica. In addition, an original Greek acrostic (*ΥΜΝΟΣ ΝΕΑΡΟΣ ΘΑΥΜΑΤΩΝ ΙΩΑΝΝΟΥ. ΣΚΥΛΙΤΖ[ΗΣ] ‘A new hymn to the wonders of John. Skylitzes’) is reconstructed using the method of reverse (Slavonic to Greek) translation of the initial words of the troparia of the Canon. The last two hymns are missing from the unique manuscript copy of its Slavonic version. The new attribution of authorship indicates that the author was still alive in 1186‒1187.

A 72-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary sought care for a 3-month history of progressive difficulty walking on uneven terrain and climbing stairs. In the 2 preceding weeks, she also noted difficulty standing up from a seated position. She reported no sensory symptoms but recently noticed dry mouth and new-onset constipation with decreased appetite. Electromyography showed diffusely low-amplitude compound muscle action potential responses to single-nerve stimuli at rest, with normal sensory nerve action potentials. Studies of the ulnar and femoral motor nerves demonstrated a decrement to low-frequency repetitive stimulation (12%) and substantial postexercise facilitation (200%) and decrement repair. The serum was positive for cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody, rheumatoid factor, and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel antibody. Computed tomography of the chest showed subcarinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy without evidence of a primary lesion, with avidity on ¹⁸F-fludeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Transbronchial fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the lymph node revealed small cell lung carcinoma. The patient was diagnosed with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and small cell lung carcinoma. Concurrent chemotherapy and radiation were administered for the small cell lung carcinoma, with some improvement of the patient’s weakness. Symptomatic treatment for Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome was initiated. Therapy with 3,4-diaminopyridine improved the patient’s weakness, but her daily activities were limited by persistent, moderate, lower extremity weakness. The weakness objectively improved with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Two years later, the patient was maintained on 3,4-diaminopyridine and monthly intravenous immunoglobulin, with minimal persistent weakness and no evidence of cancer recurrence. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome was first described at Mayo Clinic in 1956 as a “myasthenic syndrome associated with malignant tumors” that had characteristic electromyographic findings, later shown to be presynaptic by microelectrophysiologic testing.

In order to realize alternative fueling for military and commercial use, the industry has set forth guidelines that must be met by each fuel. These aviation fueling requirements are outlined in MIL-DTL-83133F(2008) or ASTM D 7566-Annex standards and are classified as “drop-in” fuel replacements. This paper provides combustor performance data for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP-8+100, relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Data were taken at various nominal inlet conditions: 75 psia (0.52 MPa) at 500 °F (533 K), 125 psia (0.86 MPa) at 625 °F (603 K), 175 psia (1.21 MPa) at 725 °F (658 K), and 225 psia (1.55 MPa) at 790 °F (694 K). Combustor performance analysis assessments were made for the change in flame temperatures, combustor efficiency, wall temperatures, and exhaust plane temperatures at 3%, 4%, and 5% combustor pressure drop (%ΔP) for fuel:air ratios (F/A) ranging from 0.010 to 0.025. Significant general trends show lower liner temperatures and higher flame and combustor outlet temperatures with increases in FT fueling relative to JP-8+100 fueling. The latter affects both turbine efficiency and blade/vane life. In general, 100% SPK-FT fuel and blends with JP-8+100 produce less particulates and less smoke and have lower thermal impact on combustor hardware.

Process industries such as oil, gas and petrochemical plants have critical process equipment operating at high temperatures. These equipment require periodic comprehensive integrity assessments for safe and reliable operation. Conventional NDE techniques such as manual ultrasonic are not only slow and subjective, but also often unsuccessful beyond 300°F (150°C). There have been tremendous efforts in the industry to invent suitable new technologies for high temperature application. Hence, comprehensive monitoring of large size equipment operating at higher temperatures remained as a challenging task for decades. In line with this requirement, and in an ongoing effort to deploy new technologies, Uthmaniyah Gas Plant (UGP) in Saudi Aramco, one of the largest gas processing plants in the world, partnered with the Inspection Department in a pilot test program to validate a new corrosion mapping technology at high temperature application up to 500°F. Implementation of this breakthrough technology for the first time in Saudi Aramco at UGP has been successful. This technology also has the capability to scan the process equipment at an operating temperature beyond 725°F (385°C). This paper provides an overview of the importance of a comprehensive assessment to critical process equipment operating at high temperature, ongoing developments to enrich the assessment capabilities and how this technology added value in enhancing the safety and reliability of the operating facility.

Abstract Surfactant-based, SB fluids exhibit complex rheological behavior due to substantial structural changes caused by the molecules self-assembled colloidal aggregation. Temperature and salinity affect their rheology and flow properties. In this study, both rheological and viscoelastic properties for the optimum concentration, 4%, of Aromox® APA-T viscoelastic surfactant (VES) were investigated using two brine solutions; 2 and 4% KCl and wide range of temperatures (72°F – 200°F). Flow properties were examined using a 1/2-in. straight and coiled tubing (CR = 0.019). The results show that increasing solution salinity promotes formation of rod-like micelles and increases its flexibility. Salinity affects micelles growth and their rheological and viscoelastic behavior is very sensitive to the nature and structure of the added salt. Different molecular structures are formed; spherical micelles occur first and then increased temperature and/or salinity promotes the formation of rod-like micelles. Later, rod-like micelles are aligned in the flow direction and form a large super ordered structure of micellar bundles or aggregates called shear induced structure (SIS). Different structures implies different rheological and flow properties. Likewise, rheology improves with increasing temperature up to 100°F. Further increase in temperature reverses the effects and viscosity decreases. In addition, drag reduction and flow characteristics of SB fluids are improved by the addition of salt and/or increasing temperature up to 100°F. Results obtained are in full agreement with rheological and viscoelastic behavior of SB fluids for both salinity and temperature.

Abstract High pressure turbine (HPT) blades manufactured from single crystal (SX) materials exhibit tip degradation during service resulting in loss of coatings and parent metal, primarily from abrasion, thermal-mechanical fatigue cracking (TMF), creep, and oxidation. Currently, Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Laser Beam Welding (LBW) with Merl 72 and Rene 142 (R142) welding materials are used for repairing the tips of SX HPT blades. Tips repaired with Merl 72, despite the superior oxidation resistance of the cobalt welding material, are prone to cracking due to the low mechanical properties of the Merl 72 welds at temperatures exceeding 1800°F (982°C). Additionally, despite the high strength of R142 in its cast condition, R142 welds are prone to weld stress-strain cracking and thus require preheating of the blades above 1700°F (926°C) to repair the part with a predetermined level of micro cracking present. Preheating can adversely affect the inert atmospheric conditions of the argon protection. This inadequate shielding of the welding area may result in contamination of welds with non-metallic inclusions which reduce creep and TMF properties. The current study focuses on substantiating the replacement of Merl 72 with alternative LW3 and LW4280 nickel based welding materials for minor dimensional restoration and full tip replacement on SX HPT blades with a solid tip cap. LW3 and LW4280 contain 28 vol.% and 49 vol.% gamma prime phase respectively, after post weld aging heat treatment. A time-transient thermal mechanical Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the SX HPT blade was completed for takeoff, cruise, and landing conditions. The resultant temperature and stresses from the FEA study were used as the basis for qualification of the tip repair. Tensile and stress rupture properties of dissimilar SX-LW3 and SX-LW4280 welds produced at ambient temperature using manual GTAW and Laser Direct Energy Deposition (L-DED) on a LAWS1000 welding system utilizing a 3D additive manufacturing (AM) concept were studied. It was demonstrated that LW4280 welds had superior stress rupture, and fatigue properties when compared to M 72. Cyclic oxidation resistance of LW4280 at 2048°F (1120°C) was found to be sufficient to ensure required durability of repaired blades for 6,000 cycles in cases of damage to protective coatings. Some examples of repairs of HPT blades developed using these materials and technologies are provided.

Combustion dynamics have detrimental effects on hardware durability as well as combustor performance and emissions. This paper presents a detailed study on the impact of combustion dynamics on NOx and CO emissions generated from a prototype gas turbine combustor operating at a pressure of 180 psia (12.2 bars) with a pre-heat temperature of 720 F (655.3 K) (E-class machine operating conditions). Two unstable modes are discussed. The first is an intermittent mode, at 750 Hz, that emerges at flame temperatures near 2900°F (1866.5 K), resulting in high NOx and CO emissions. With increasing fuel flow, NOx and CO emissions continue to increase until the flame temperature reaches approximately 3250°F (2061 K), at which point the second acoustic mode begins to dominate. Flame images indicate that the intermittent mode is associated with flame motion which induces the high NOx and CO emissions. The second mode is also a 750 Hz, but of constant amplitude (no intermittency). Operation in this second 750 Hz mode results in significantly reduced NOx and CO emissions. At pressures higher than 180 psia (12.2 bars), the intermittent mode intensifies, leading to flashback at flame temperatures above 2850°F (1839 K). In order to mitigate the intermittent mode, a second configuration of the combustor included an exit area restriction. The exit area restriction eliminated the intermittent mode, resulting in stable operation and low emissions over a temperature range of 2700–3200°F (1755–2033 K). A comparison of the NOx emissions, as function of flame temperature, with previous published data for perfectly premixed indicates that, while the low amplitude 750 Hz oscillations have little effect, the intermittent mode significantly increases emissions. Mode shape analysis shows that the 750 Hz instability corresponds to the 1/4 wave axial mode. In the current research a ceramic liner is used while the previous published data was collected with a quartz liner. Typically, quartz is avoided due to reductions in effective flame temperature by radiation losses. Experiments showed that NOx emissions were not affected by the combustor liner type. This agreement between the quartz and ceramic liners data indicates limited effect from the radiation heat losses on NOx emissions.

Forced convective heat transfer coefficients and friction factor for flow of water and FC-72 in microchannels with a rectangular cross section were measured. An integrated microsystem consisting of five microchannels on one side and a localized heater and seven polysilicon temperature sensors along the selected channels on the other side was fabricated by using a double side polished silicon wafer. For the microchannels tested, the friction factor constant C = f ReDh obtained are values between 35.7 and 81.9, which are close to the theoretical value of 57.0. The measured Nusselt number in the laminar regime tested could be correlated by a correlation, Nu = A ReDh1.37 Pr1/3 where A is the value between 0.000 454 and 0.000 646.

High temperature fuel cells can be successfully integrated in a simple cycle or in a combined cycle configuration and achieve lower heating value (LHV) efficiencies greater than gas turbines and reciprocating engines. A simple cycle fuel cell system reaches 50 to 51% LHV efficiencies. A fuel cell system integrated with gas and steam turbines in a hybrid system could lead to LHV efficiencies of 70% to 72%. An aero-derivative gas turbine that is the most efficient simple cycle gas turbine achieves 40% to 46% thermal efficiency and a new generation reciprocating engine 39% to 42%. Upon integration in a combined cycle configuration with steam injection, aero-derivative gas turbines potentially reach LHV efficiencies of 55% to 58%. The purpose of the present paper is to compare initially the performance of a stand alone fuel cell with a stand alone gas turbine and a stand alone reciprocating engine. Then the fuel cell is integrated in a hybrid system and it is compared with a gas turbine combined cycle plant. The system sizes explored are 5MW in the stand alone case, and 20MW, 30MW, 60MW, 100MW and 200MW in the hybrid / combined cycle case. The performance of the hybrid system was reviewed under different ambient temperatures (0° F–90° F) and site elevations (0 ft–3000 ft). High temperature fuel cells are more efficient and have lower emissions than gas turbines and reciprocating engines. However fuel cells cannot be used for peak power generation due to long start-up time or load following applications.

Maddalena Iovene¹, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova2, Ombretta Romice¹, Sergio Porta¹ ¹Urban Design Studies Unit (UDSU). Department of Architecture. University of Strathclyde. 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G11XJ, UK. 2Centro de Investigación de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad (CIAC), Departamento de Arquitectura, PUCP. Av. Universitaria 1801, 32 San Miguel, Lima, Peru. E-mail: maddalena.iovene@strath.ac.uk, gdcfernandez@pucp.edu.pe, ombretta.r.romice@strath.ac.uk, sergioporta@strath.ac.uk Keywords (3-5): Informal Settlement, Peru, Lima, Model of Change, Urban Morphology Conference topics and scale: Reading and Regenerating the Informal City Cities are the largest complex adaptive system in human culture and have always been changing in time according to largely unplanned patterns of development. Though urban morphology has typically addressed studies of form in cities, with emphasis on historical cases, diachronic comparative studies are still relatively rare, especially those based on quantitative analysis. As a result, we are still far from laying the ground for a comprehensive understanding of the urban form’s model of change. However, developing such understanding is extremely relevant as the cross-scale interlink between the spatial and social-economic dynamics in cities are increasingly recognized to play a major role in the complex functioning of urban systems and quality of life. We study the urban form of San Pedro de Ate, an informal settlement in Lima, Peru, along its entire cycle of development over the last seventy years. Our study, conducted through a four-months on-site field research, is based on the idea that informal settlements would change according to patterns similar to those of pre-modern cities, though at a much faster pace of growth, yet giving the opportunity to observe the evolution of an urban organism in a limited time span. To do so we first digitalize aerial photographs of five different time periods (from 1944 to 2013), to then conduct a typo-morphological analysis at five scales: a) unit, b) building, c) plot, d) block, and e) settlement (comprehensive of public spaces and street network). We identify and classify patterns of change in the settlement’s urban structure using recognised literature on pre-modern cities, thus supporting our original hypothesis. We then suggest a unitary model of analysis that we name Temporal Settlement Matrix (TSM). Reference List Caniggia, G., &amp; Maffei, G. L. (2008). Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Vol. 215). Alinea Editrice. Conzen, M. R. G. (1958). The growth and character of Whitby. A Survey of Whitby and the Surrounding Area, 49–89. Hernández, F., Kellett, P. W., &amp; Allen, L. K. (2010). Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Vol. 11). Berghahn Books. Kropf, K. (2009). Aspects of urban form. Urban Morphology, 13(2), 105–120. Muratori, S. (1960). Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia. Palladio, 1959, 1–113. 22. Porta, S., Romice, O., Maxwell, J. A., Russell, P., &amp; Baird, D. (2014). Alterations in scale: patterns of change in main street networks across time and space. Urban Studies, 51(16), 3383–3400. Watson, V. (2009). “The planned city sweeps the poor away…”: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 72(3), 151–193. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001). Changing suburban landscapes at the microscale. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 92(2), 164–184.

U. S. commercial reactor plants are installing spent fuel storage facilities formally called Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations (ISFSI) to provide needed storage space for spent nuclear fuel assemblies. Although this might be a primary objective for the utility that owns the plant, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) has other priorities as addressed by ISFSI regulations in Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72. These regulations establish a number of criteria that ensure that above all, the storage of spent nuclear fuel does not adversely affect the health and safety of the public or the environment. There are 3 primary ISFSI design activities that ensure the health and safety of the public and protection of the environment: site selection, storage system selection, and storage facility design. The regulatory requirements that address ISFSI site selection are found in 10 CFR 72, Subpart E, “Siting Evaluation Factors.” This section requires that potential ISFSI sites be assessed for impacts such as site characteristics that may affect safety or the environment, external natural and man-induced events, radiological and other environmental conditions, floodplains and natural phenomena, man-made facilities and activities that could endanger the ISFSI, and construction, operation, and decommission activities. All of these potential impacts must be carefully evaluated. First, the ISFSI capacity requirements should be determined. Potential sites should then be evaluated for siting impacts to ensure the site has adequate space, it can be licensed, it will minimize radiological doses to the general public and on-site workers, and construction, operation, and decommissioning won’t have a major effect on the environment or nearby population. The regulatory requirements that address storage system selection are found in 10 CFR 72, Subpart F, “General Design Criteria.” This section requires that the storage system be designed to withstand environmental conditions, natural phenomena, fires and explosions and that it includes confinement barriers, retrievability measures, and criticality safety. In order to be licensed by the U. S. NRC, all spent fuel storage systems must be evaluated to show how they meet these requirements. U.S. NRC approval of the system ensures that the requirements have been met and therefore ensure the health and safety of the public and environment are protected. The regulatory requirements that address the ISFSI design are also found in 10 CFR 72, Subpart F as well as 10 CFR 72, Subpart H, “Physical Protection.” Like the storage systems, the ISFSI site must be designed to withstand environmental conditions, natural phenomena, fires, and explosions. But the design must also include security provisions. Security features protect the spent fuel from attack or sabotage and therefore protect the health and safety of the public and the environment. The primary potential impact of spent fuel storage is radiation dose. The key regulatory requirement that addresses radiation dose is found in 10 CFR 72.104. This section requires that the dose to any individual member of the public not exceed 0.25 mSv (25 mrem) to the whole body, 0.75 mSv (75 mrem) to the thyroid, and 0.25 mSv (25 mrem) to any other organ, from exposure to direct radiation from the ISFSI, radioactive liquid or gaseous effluents, and radiation from other nearby nuclear facilities. Design features of the storage system and ISFSI include shielding by the cask enclosure, distance, berms as required, etc. to attenuate direct radiation, and confinement provisions to prevent radiological effluent leakage. The ISFSI must be located such that the cumulative doses from the ISFSI and reactor plant do not exceed regulatory requirements. Thus it can be seen that ISFSI site selection, storage system selection, and storage facility design all work together to ensure the health and safety of the public and environment are protected. Comments regarding the contents of this paper may be submitted to the author, Donald W. Lewis, Shaw Environmental & Infrastructure, 9201 E. Dry Creek Road, Centennial, Colorado, 80112, U.S.A.