Gotowa bibliografia na temat „2000 g-412”

Abstract ATRA combined to anthracycline based chemotherapy is the reference treatment of newly diagnosed APL and a role for maintenance treatment is supported by many studies, but some controversies remain, like the role of AraC. Methods: We performed a joint analysis of pts < 65 yrs included in studies LPA99 (Spanish PETHEMA) and APL 2000 (French -Belgian-Swiss APL group) to address some of those issues. In LPA99, pts received ATRA combined to Idarubicin (IDA) for induction, followed by 3 consolidation courses, 2 with IDA and 1 with mitoxantrone (MTZ, at cumulative dose of 50 mg/m2), and maintenance with intermittent ATRA and continuous 6MP + MTX during 2 years. Pts with high (WBC > 10000/mm3) and intermediate (WBC < 10000/mm3, platelets < 40000/mm3) Sanz score also received ATRA during consolidation courses and higher cumulative dose of IDA (100 mg/m2), vs low risk pts (no consolidation ATRA, cumulative IDA: 80 mg/m2). No AraC was administered in LPA99 trial. For APL 2000, we restricted the analysis to treatment groups that received AraC: pts with low or intermediate Sanz score received induction with ATRA and DNR (60 mg/m2/d x 3) + AraC (200 mg/m2/d x 7) followed by consolidation with a similar course and a final DNR (45 mg/m2/d x 3) + AraC (1 g/m2/12h x 8) course and the same maintenance as in LPA99. High risk patients received the same treatment, but with intrathecal CNS prophylaxis and, in pts < 60 years, AraC 2g/m2/12h x 8 during the last course. Median follow up was 30 and 22 months in LPA99 (412 pts) and APL 2000 (180 pts), respectively. Comparisons were adjusted on age, gender, WBC and platelet counts. Results: In low and intermediate risk patients (308 LPA99 pts, 97 APL 2000 pts), the CR rates, 2 year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), EFS and survival were 96% and 99% (p = 0.2), 2.5% and 6.9% (p = 0.05), 93% and 91% (p = 0.6), 95% and 97% (p = 0.3) in LPA99 and APL 2000 trials, respectively. In high risk patients (104 LPA99 pts, 83 APL 2000 pts), the CR rate, 2 year CIR, EFS and survival were 84% and 95% (p = 0.02), 16.0% and 3.3% (p = 0.06), 69.2% and 88.0% (p = 0.01), 82.4% and 91.2% (p = 0.04) in LPA 99 and APL 2000, respectively. Four relapses in high risk pts involved the CNS in LPA99, vs. none in APL 2000. Three and 5 pts in LPA99 and APL 2000 respectively, died in CR, from treatment toxicity. Conclusion: This analysis suggests than in pts with WBC < 10000/mm3, the current PETHEMA approach yields even fewer relapses than a classical ATRA + DNR + AraC regimen, while being less myelosuppressive. This may be due to the anthracyclines used (IDA and MTZ instead of DNR) and/or to the higher cumulative dose of anthracyclines used in LPA99 trial, and possibly also to consolidation ATRA for intermediate risk pts. On the other hand, in pts with high WBC counts, APL 2000 results yielded better EFS and survival and a strong trend for fewer relapses (including relapses involving the CNS), suggesting a beneficial role for AraC, possibly at high dose, in this subset of patients

In the last few decades, the studies in second language acquisition have not answered the question what mechanisms a human’s brain uses to make acquisition of language(s) possible. A neurocognitive model which tries to address SLA from such a perspective was suggested by Ullman (2005; 2015), according to which, “both first and second languages are acquired and processed by well-studied brain systems that are known to subserve particular nonlanguage functions” (Ullman, 2005: 141). The brain systems in question have analogous roles in their language and nonlanguage functions. This article is meant to critically analyse the suggested DP model within the context of neurocognitive studies of L2; and evaluate its contribution to the field of SLA studies. References Aboitiz, F. (1995). Working memory networks and the origin of language areas in the human brain. Medical Hypothesis, 25, 504-506. Aboitiz, F. & Garcia, R. (1977). The anatomy of language revisited. Biological Research, 30, 171-183. Aboitiz, F., Garcia, R., Brunetti, E. & Bosman, C. (2006). The origin of Broca’s area and its connections from an ancestral working memory network. In: Broca’s Region, (pp. 3-16). Y.Grodzinsky and K. Amunts, (Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Alexander, M. P. (1997). Aphasia: clinical and anatomic aspects. In: Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology, (pp. 133–150). T. E. Feinberg, & M. J. Farah, (Eds.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Alexander, G.E., DeLong, M.R. & Strick, P.L. (1986). Parallel organisation of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 9, 357-381. Anderson, J. R., Bothell, D., Byrne, M. D., Douglass, S., Lebiere, C., Qin, Y. (2004). An integrated theory of the mind. Psychological Review, 111, 1036–1060. Birdsong, D., ed. (1999). Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Buckner, R. L., & Wheeler, M. E. (2001). The cognitive neuroscience of remembering. Nature Review Neuroscience, 2(9), pp. 624–634. Calabresi, P., Centonze, D., Gubellini, P., Pisani, A. & Bernardi, G. (2000). Acetyl-chlorine-ediated modulation of striatal function. Trends in Neurosciences, 23(3), 120-126. Cepeda, N.J., Vul. E., Rohrer, D., Wixted, J. T., Pashler, H. (2008) Spacing effects in learning: A temporal ridgeline of optimal retention. Psychological Science, 19, 1095-1102. Chun, M.M. (2000). Contextual cueing of visual attention. Trends in Cognitive Science, 4(5), 170-178.Crosson, B., Benefield, H., Cato, M. A., Sadek, R. J., Moore, A. B., Auerbach, E. J., Gokcay, D., Leonard, C.M. & Briggs, R.W. (2003). Left and right basal ganglia activity during language generation: contributions to lexical, semantic and phonological processes. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 9, 1061-1077. Devescovi, A., Caselli, M. C., Marchione, D., Pasqualetti, P., Reilly, J., & Bates, E. (2005). A crosslinguistic study of relationship between grammar and lexical development. Journal of Child Language, 32, 759–786. Di Giulio, D.V., Seidenberg, M., O’Leary, D. S. & Raz, N. (1994). Procedural and declarative memory: a developmental study. Brain and Cognition, 25(1), 79-91. Dionne, G., Dale, P., Boivin, M., & Plomin, R. (2003). Genetic evidence for bidirectional effects of early lexical and grammatical development. Child Development, 74, 394–412. Eichenbaum, H. & Cohen, N.J. (2001). From Conditioning to Conscious Recollection: Memory Systems of the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ellis, N.C. (1994). Implicit and Explicit Learning of Languages. New York: Academic Press. Ellis, N.C. (2002). Reflections on frequency effects in language processing. Studies in Second language acquisition, 24, 297-339. Ellis, R., Loewen, S., Elder, C., Erlam, R., Philp, J., Reinders, H. (2009). Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Second Language Learning, Testing and Teaching. Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Embick, D., Marantz, A., Miyashita, Y., O’Neil, W., & Sakai, K. L. (2000). A syntactic specialization for Broca’s area. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 97, (6150–6154). Fabbro, F., Clarici, A., Bava, A. (1996). Effects of left basal ganglia lesions on language production. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82(3), 1291–1298. Ferman, S., Olshtain, E., Schechtman, E. & Karni, A. (2009). The acquisition of a linguistic skill by adults: procedural and declarative memory interact in the learning of an artificial morphological rule. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 22, 384-412. Retrieved from: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jneuroling. Fredriksson, A. (2000). Maze learning and motor activity deficits in adult mice induced by iron exposure during a critical postnatal period. Developmental Brain Research, 119(1), 65-74. Friederici, A. (2002). Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(2), 78–84. Friederici, A., von Cramon, D., Kotz, S. (1999). Language related brain potentials in patients with cortical and subcortical left hemisphere lesions. Brain, 122, 1033-1047. Goodale, M. A. (2000). Perception and action in the human visual system. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences, (pp. 365-378). M. S. Gazzaniga, (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Hahne, A., Friederichi, D. (2003). Processing a second language: late learners’ comprehension strategies as revealed by event-related brain potentials. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 4, 1-42. Henke, K (2010) A model for memory systems based on processing modes rather than consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 523–532. Hikosaka, O., Sakai, K., Nakahara, H., Lu, X., Miyachi, S., Nakamura, K., Rand, M. K. (2000). Neural mechanisms for learning of sequential procedures. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences, (pp. 553-572). M. S. Gazzaniga, (ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Joanisse, M.F., Seidenberg, M.S. (1999). Impairments in verb morphology after brain injury: a connectionist model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA. 96, (7592 –7597). Middleton, F.A., Strick, P.L. (2000). Basal ganglia and cerebral loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain research reviews, 31, 236-250. Moro, A., Tettamanti, M., Perani, D., Donati, C., Cappa, S. F., & Fazio, F. (2003). Syntax and the brain: disentangling grammar by selective anomalies. Neuroimage, 13(1), 110–118. Neurolinguistic and Psycholinguistic Perspectives on SLA. (2010). Arabski, J. & Wojtaszek, A. (Eds.), Bristol: Multilingual Matters. Newport, E. (1993). Maturational constraints on language learning. Cognitive Science, 14(1), 11-28. Opitz, B. & Friederichi, A.D. (2003). Interactions of the hippocampal system and the prefrontal cortex in learning language-like rules. Neuroimage, 19(4), 1730-1737. Packard, M.& Knowlton, B. (2002). Learning and memory functions of the basal ganglia. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 25, 563–593. Park, D., Lautenschlager, G., Hedden, T., Davidson, N., Smith, A. & Smith, P. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 16, 299-320. Peelle, J.E., McMillan, C., Moore, P., Grossman, M. & Wingfield, A. (2004). Dissociable patterns of brain activity during comprehension of rapid and syntactically complex speech: evidence from fMRI. Brain and Language, 91, 315-325. Pinker, S. (1994). The Language Instinct. New York: William Morrow. Poldrack, R., Packard, M. G. (2003). Competition among multiple memory systems: converging evidence from animal and human brain studies. Neuropsychologia, 41(3), 245–251. Roediger, H.L., Butler, A.C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Science, 15, 20-27. Schlaug, G. (2001). The brain of musicians: a model for functional and structural adaptation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 930(1), 281-299. Squire, L.R., Knowlton, B.J. (2000). The medial temporal lobe, the hippocampus, and the memory systems of the brain. In: The New Cognitive Neurosciences. (pp. 765-780). M. S. Gazzaniga, Ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Squire, L. R., Zola, S. M. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93. (13515–13522). Sun, R., Zhang, X. (2004). Top-down versus bottom-up learning in cognitive skill acquisition. Cognitive Systems Research, 5, 63–89. Ullman, M.T. (2004). Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model. Cognition, 92(1-2), 231-70. Ullman, M.T. (2005). A cognitive neuroscience perspective on second language acquisition: the declarative/procedural model. In: Adult Second Language Acquisition, (pp. 141-178). C. Sanz, (ed.). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. Ullman, M.T. & Pieport, E.I. (2005). Specific language impairment is not specific to language: the procedural deficit hypothesis. Cortex, 41, 399-433. Ullman, M. (2006). Is Broca’s area part of a basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit? In: The Cortex: Integrative Models of Broca’s Area and the Ventral Premotor Cortex. (pp. 480-485). R. Schubotz & C. Fiebach, (Eds.). Milan: Masson. Ullman, M. (2015) The declarative / procedural model: A neurobiologically motivated theory of first and second language. In: Theories in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction, (pp. 135-158.) VanPatten, B. and J. Williams, (Eds.). 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. Ullman, M. and Lovelett, J. (2016). Implications of the declarative / procedural model for improving second language learning: The role of memory enhancement techniques. Second Language Research, Special issue, 1-27. Zurowski, B., Gostomzyk, J., Gron, G., Weller, R., Schirrmeister, H., Neumeier, B., Spitzer, M., Reske, S.N. & Walter, H. (2002). Dissociating a common working memory network from different neural substrates of phonological and spatial stimulus processing. 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The rapid spread of Corona Virus 2019 known as COVID 19 has brought disturbance to a large number of people’s lives and economic stability. It has greatly challenged the people’s holistic way of life with uncertainties considering the significant public health risks COVID-19 poses. This pandemic has affected the global educational systems which led to delve into advanced teaching-learning tools or modalities that would help bring about the transition from the usual face-to-face mode to flexible learning. The objective of this study was to find out the perception of the respondents on the implementation of Flexible Learning in the delivery of nursing education programs as the basis for the recommended course of actions in the schools of nursing. This is a descriptive-quantitative study, which utilized a self-rated standardized questionnaire—The flexibility questionnaire developed by Bergamin et al., (2012). The questionnaires were purposively administered to a total of sixty-six (66) respondents composed of the deans, coordinators/program heads, and faculty members of selected nursing schools in Metro Manila. The results had shown that the respondents agreed to all indicators mentioned in the survey tool. It has therefore shown in this study that respondents desired an approach to flexible learning in which teaching and learning could exercise regulation and jurisdiction.ReferencesAlly, M. (2004). Foundations of educational theory for online learning. In T. Anderson (Ed.), The theory and practice of online learning. 15–44. Athabasca University Press.Arbaugh, J. B. (2000). Virtual classroom characteristics and student satisfaction with Internet-based MBA courses. Journal of Management Education, 24(1), 32–54. doi:10.1177/105256290002400104.Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S.-L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation in online and blended learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education, 12(1), 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.10.005.Bergamin, P.B., Werlen, E.,Siegenthaler, E., & Zizka, S. (2012). The relationship between flexible and self-regulated learning in open and distance universities. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 13(2), 101-103.Daniel, J. (2020). Education and the Covid 19 pandemic. Viewpoints/Controversies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09464-3.Ghebreyesus, T. (2020). Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID 19 response. World Psychiatry. 19(2), 129-30.Hart, I. (2000). Learning and the “F” word. Educational Media International, 37(2), 98-101. doi:10.1080/095239800410388.Lewis, R. & Spencer, D. (1986). What is Open Learning?. Council for Educational Technology.Moran, L., & Myringer, B. (1999). Flexible learning and university change. In K. Harry (Ed.), Higher education through open and distance learning: World review of distance education and open learning.157–171. Routledge.Palmer, S.R. (2011). The lived experience of flexible education –theory, policy and practice. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice. 8(3), 16.Sadler‐Smith, E., & Smith, J. P. (2004). Strategies for accommodating individuals’ styles andpreferences in flexible learning programmes. British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(4), 395–412. doi:10.1111/j.0007-1013.2004.00399.Shurville, S., O’Grady, T. and Mayall, P. (2008). Educational and institutional flexibility of Australian Educational Software. Campus-Wide Information Systems, Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 25(2), 74-84.Tucker, R. & Morris, G. (2012). By Design: Negotiating Flexible Learning in the Built Environment. Discipline Research in Learning Technology, Co-Action Publishing. 20(1).United Nations. (2020). Policy brief: COVID 19 and the need for action on mental health.

Проведены исследования начальных стадий роста пленок ниобата лития на Si в процессе ВЧМР, исследовано влияние условий ВЧМР и последующих обработок (ТО, ИФО, БТО) на структуру, субструктуру и ориентацию получаемых покрытий. Установлено, что начальные стадии роста пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР на подогретой до 550 °С Si подложке характеризуются островковым зарождением кристаллитов и последующей их коалесценцией. Показана возможность управления текстурой пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР в условиях воздействия плазмы ВЧ-разряда, путем изменения состава рабочего газа. Показан эффект ИФО в кристаллизации аморфных пленок состава ниобата лития, заключающийся в формировании однофазной нанокристаллической пленки ниобата лития, в процессе обработки на воздухе. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-33-00836. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Lu Y, Dekker P., Dawes J.M. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2009, vol. 311, pp. 1441-1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.12.035 Poghosyan A. R., Guo R., Manukyan A. L., Grigoryana S. G. SPIE, 2007, vol. 6698, pp. 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734353 Kadota M., Suzuki Y., Ito Y. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2011, vol. 50, pp. 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.50.07hd10 Hao L., Li Y., Zhu J., Wu Z., Wang J., Liu X., Zhang W. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, vol. 599, pp. 108-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.02.078 Gupta V., Bhattacharya P., Yuzyuk Yu. I., Katiyar R. S. Mater. Res., 2004, vol. 19, N 8, pp. 2235-2239. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.0322 Tan S., Gilbert T., Hung C.-Y., and Schlesinger T. E. Phys. Lett., 1996, vol. 68, p. 2651. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.116270 Shih W.-C., Sun X.-Y. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2010, vol. 405, no. 6, pp. 1619–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2009.12.054 Barinov S. M., Belonogov E. K., Ievlev V. M., et al. DokladyPhysical Chemistry, 2007, vol. 412, no. 1, pp. 15-18. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0012501607010058 Hansen P. J., Terao Y., Wu Y., York R. A., Mishra U. K., Speck J. S. Vac. Sci. Technol., 2005, vol. 23, № 1, pp. 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1850106 Sumets M., Ievlev V., Kostyuchenko A., Vakhtel V., Kannykin S., Kobzev A. Thin Solid Films, 2014, vol. 552, pp. 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2013.12.005 Seok-Won Choi, et al. The Korean Journal of Ceramics, 2000, vol. 6, no. 20, pp. 138-142. Ievlev V. M., Soldatenko S. A., Kushhev S. B., Gorozhankin Ju. V. Inorganic Materials, 2008, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 705-712. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168508070066 Ievlev V. M., Turaeva T. L., Latyshev A. N., et al. The Physics of Metals and Metallography, 2007, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x07010073

Abstract In this study we used the yeast Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 immobilized by entrapment in Ca-alginate beads (2 .5 -3 mm diameter) for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate in a repeated batch system. The fermentation runs were carried out in 125- and 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks placed in an orbital shaker at 30 °C and 200 rpm during 72 h, keeping constant the proportion between work volume and flask total volume. According to the results, cell viability was substantially high (98%) in all fermentative cycles. The values of parameters xylitol yield and volumetric productivity increased significantly with the reutilization of the immobilized biocatalysts. The highest values of xylitol final concentration (11.05 g/1), yield factor (0.47 gig) and volumetric productivity (0.22 g/lh) were obtained in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 80 ml of medium plus 20 mi of immobilized biocatalysts. The support used in this study (Ca-alginate) presented stability in the experimental conditions used. The results show that the use of immobilized cells is a promising approach for increasing the xylitol production rates.

Abstract A reliable estimate of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) may identify donors at risk for poor mobilization and help optimize transplantation approaches. We studied 639 allogeneic PBSC collections performed in 412 white, 75 black, 116 Hispanic, and 36 Asian/Pacific adult donors who were prescribed G-CSF dosed at either 10 or 16 μg/kg per day for 5 days followed by large-volume leukapheresis (LVL). Additional LVL (mean, 11 L) to collect lymphocytes for donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and other therapies was performed before G-CSF administration in 299 of these donors. Day 5 preapheresis blood CD34+ cell counts after mobilization were significantly lower in whites compared with blacks, Hispanics, and Asian/Pacific donors (79 vs 104, 94, and 101 cells/μL, P < .001). In addition, donors who underwent lymphapheresis before mobilization had higher CD34+ cell counts than donors who did not (94 vs 79 cells/μL, P < .001). In multivariate analysis, higher post–G-CSF CD34+ cell counts were most strongly associated with the total amount of G-CSF received, followed by the pre–G-CSF platelet count, pre–G-CSF mononuclear count, and performance of prior LVL for DLI collection. Age, white ethnicity, and female gender were associated with significantly lower post–G-CSF CD34+ cell counts.

Abstract Event-free survival for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) now exceeds 80% in the most effective trials. Failures are due to relapse, toxicity, and second cancers such as therapy-related myeloid leukemia or myelodysplasia (t-ML). Topoisomerase II inhibitors and alkylators can induce t-ML; additional risk factors for t-ML remain poorly defined. The occurrence of t-ML among children who had received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) following ALL remission induction therapy prompted us to examine this and other putative risk factors for t-ML in 412 children treated on 2 consecutive ALL protocols from 1991 to 1998. All children received etoposide and anthracyclines, 99 of whom received G-CSF; 284 also received cyclophosphamide, 58 of whom also received cranial irradiation. There were 20 children who developed t-ML at a median of 2.3 years (range, 1.0-6.0 years), including 16 cases of acute myeloid leukemia, 3 myelodysplasia, and 1 chronic myeloid leukemia. Stratifying by protocol, the cumulative incidence functions differed (P = .017) according to the use of G-CSF and irradiation: 6-year cumulative incidence (standard error) of t-ML of 12.3% (5.3%) among the 44 children who received irradiation without G-CSF, 11.0% (3.5%) among the 85 children who received G-CSF but no irradiation, 7.1% (7.2%) among the 14 children who received irradiation plus G-CSF, and 2.7% (1.3%) among the 269 children who received neither irradiation nor G-CSF. Even when children receiving irradiation were excluded, the incidence was still higher in those receiving G-CSF (P = .019). In the setting of intensive antileukemic therapy, short-term use of G-CSF may increase the risk of t-ML.

Abstract M₃ derived mutants from two bread wheat varieties, namely, 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', were screened for resistance to the rust Ug99 at two locations in Njoro (Kenya) and in Tihama (Yemen). At Tihama, two mutants of 'Giza 186' (G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52) and four mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12, S-M2-2010-21-13, S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were seen to be resistant at both seedling and adult stages while their parents were resistant at seedling stage and susceptible at adult stage. In Kenya, the resistance score of the mutants was slightly different from those obtained at Tihama. The mutants G-M2-2010-1-28 and G-M2-2010-41-52 were stable in their level of resistance recorded at Tihama, but only two mutants of 'Saha 93' (S-M2-2010-16-12 and S-M2-2010-27-15) were resistant at both growth stages. S-M2-2010-22-14 and S-M2-2010-21-13 were resistant at the seedling stage while susceptible at adult stage. Further selection on these mutants for yield potential, agronomic performance and yellow rust disease resistance, as well as on selected mutants of both 'Giza 186' and 'Saha 93', at M5-M6 stages identified superior mutant lines compared with the two parents 'Saha 93' and 'Giza 186'. These included the line Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40, which ranked first in yield (3768 kg/ha), followed by the lines Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19, Erra-010-GM2w-1-28-18 and Erra-010-SwM2-22-14-6. Moreover, it can be concluded that Erra-010-GM2w-41-52-40 and Erra-010-SwM2-16-12-19 are highly recommended for their resistance to stem and yellow rust diseases as well as for yield potential and preference by farmers. Therefore, efforts are in progress to increase their seeds for dissemination over a wide range of farmers and wheat areas where rust diseases are an epidemic, and for registration of the lines as improved mutant varieties.

AbstractNext-generation observational surveys in astronomy provide empirical data with increasingly high resolution and precision. After presenting the basic methods of population synthesis (via Conroy C, Ann Rev Astronom Astrophys 51:393–455, 2013; Maraston C, Mon Not Royal Astronom Soc 362:799–825, 2005), this paper argues for several related conclusions. The increased precision of the new methods requires the development of improved theoretical resources and models to provide the richest interpretation of the new data (as argued by Maraston C, Strömbäck G, Monthly Not Royal Astronom Soc 418:2785–2811, 2011). The measurement of physical variables and parameters in population synthesis is best understood using a model-based account along the lines of (Tal E, The epistemology of measurement: a model-based approach. Dissertation, The University of Toronto, 2012) and (Parker WS, Br J Philos Sci 68:273–304, 2017). Finally, in the case of population synthesis, improved empirical data does not dispense with the need for theoretical reasoning in post-data analysis. In fact, the high-resolution data used in next-generation population synthesis demands ever richer theories and models, a process that results in hybrid enrichment of theoretical and observational methods and results.

Abstract Manuscripts dated certainly or possib y before 1261 H Jerusalem, Patriarchike Bibliotheke 36. Turyn 86–7, Matthiessen 41-2, Mastronarde 2. Facsimile: S. G. Daitz, The Jerusalem Palimpsest of Euripides. A Facsimile Edition with Commenta y (1970). Scholia (and corrigenda to the preceding work): S. G. Daitz, The Scholia in the Jerusalem Palimpsest of Euripides. A critical Edition (1979). A collation, made from photographs, was published by J. A. Spranger, CQ32 (1938) 200–2 10th–11th century. Lines 105–213, 313–412, 564–614, 716–66, 897–946, II52–1200, 1356–1556. Collated from the facsimile.

<em>Abstract.</em>—Red snapper, <em>Lutjanus campechanus</em>, (<em>n </em>= 4,317) were captured and tagged at 14 experimental artificial reefs of two designs during quarterly research cruises (<em>n </em>= 17) off coastal Alabama between January 1999 and October 2002. Six-hundred and twenty nine recaptures were reported, representing 578 tagged red snapper. Sixty-five percent of recaptures (<em>n </em>= 412) were made at the site of release on subsequent research cruises, while 217 recaptures were reported by fishers. Eighty-six percent of individuals with known recapture locations moved 2 km or less from the site of release; mean and maximum distances moved were 2.1 km and 201 km, respectively. Nine red snapper moved greater than 80 km. Mean dispersion rate from release sites was 8.6 m d^⁻1. Annual site fidelity of tagged fish was estimated using nonlinear decay models. Estimated annual site fidelity ranged from 48% to 52% year^⁻1 and was not significantly affected by artificial reef design, reef fish biomass at the site of release, or artificial reef densities surrounding each tagging site. Growth rates were estimated by regressing the change in red snapper total length versus the days a fish was at liberty. Mean growth rate for all recaptured fish was 0.206 mm d^⁻1. Growth rates were significantly affected by reef size (faster at larger experimental reefs) and reef fish biomass (slower at tagging sites supporting low reef fish biomass), but were not affected by artificial reef density. Moderate site fidelity and low dispersion rates during our study provide support for the hypothesis that artificial reefs off Alabama are suitable habitat for adult red snapper. However, characteristics of artificial reefs, such as reef size and standing stock biomass, may affect red snapper growth. Furthermore, ratios of instantaneous growth in weight to total mortality (<EM>G/Z</EM>) suggest artificial reefs off Alabama serve as net sinks (i.e., <EM>G/Z </EM>< 1) of red snapper biomass under current fishing mortality rates.

The catalytic reduction of the alkene 1 gave the cis-fused product (not illustrated), by kinetic H₂ addition to the less congested face of the alkene. Ryan A. Shenvi of Scripps La Jolla found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 1300) conditions for stepwise HAT, con­verting 1 to the thermodynamically-favored trans-fused ketone 2. Seth B. Herzon of Yale University devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 6884) a protocol for the reduc­tion, mediated by 4, of the double bond of a haloalkene 3 to give the saturated halide 5. The Shenvi conditions also reduced a haloalkene to the saturated halide. Daniel J. Weix of the University of Rochester and Patrick L. Holland, also of Yale University, established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 945) conditions for the kinetic isomerization of a terminal alkene 6 to the Z internal alkene 7. Christoforos G. Kokotos of the University of Athens showed (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 4270) that the ketone 9, used catalytically, markedly accelerated the Payne epoxidation of 8 to 10. Note that Helena M. C. Ferraz of the Universidade of São Paulo reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41, 5021) several years ago that alkene epoxidation was also easily carried out with DMDO generated in situ from acetone and oxone. Theodore A. Betley of Harvard University prepared (Chem. Sci. 2014, 5, 1526) the allylic amine 12 by reacting the alkene 11 with 1-azidoadamantane in the presence of an iron catalyst. Rodney A. Fernandes of the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay developed (J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 5787) efficient conditions for the Wacker oxida­tion of a terminal alkene 6 to the methyl ketone 13. Yong-Qiang Wang of Northwest University oxidized (Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 1610) the alkene 6 to the enone 14. Peili Teo of the National University of Singapore devised (Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 2608) conditions for the Markovnikov hydration of the alkene 6 to the alcohol 15. Internal alkenes were inert under these conditions, but Yoshikazo Kitano of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology effected (Synthesis 2014, 46, 1455) the Markovnikov amination (not illustrated) of more highly substituted alkenes.

Structural design is the main part of nowadays in life of civil and structural Engineer. As in today’s scenario there are a lot of parameters which is used in designing parameter which affects the life and quality and the working life and ability of the structure. In today’s life software’s are used to design structure. The software’s which are used in daily life nowadays are Stand pro and Etabs. So, in this project we are going to planning, designing and Analyze a Residential G+12 Building using Etabs. M25 grade of concrete and Fe 415 steel material use for the design of structure. IS Code 456-2000 & IS 800-2007 LSM are used for concrete and steel section design. We are looking for the seismic analysis due to earthquake load.

BackgroundCare recipients in care and welfare are increasingly presenting themselves with complex needs (Huber et al., 2016). An answer to this is the integrated organization of care and welfare in a way that personalized care is the measure (Topol, 2016). The reality, however, is that care and welfare are still mainly offered in a standardized, specialized and fragmented way. This imbalance between the need for care and the supply of care not only leads to under-treatment and over-treatment and thus to less (experienced) quality, but also entails the risk of mis-treatment, which means that patient safety is at stake (Berwick, 2005). It also leads to a reduction in the functioning of citizens and unnecessary healthcare cost (Olsson et al, 2009).Integrated CareIntegrated care is the by fellow human beings experienced smooth process of effective help, care and service provided by various disciplines in the zero line, the first line, the second line and the third line in healthcare and welfare, as close as possible (Ettema et al, 2018; Goodwin et al, 2015). Integrated care starts with an extensive assessment with the care recipient. Then the required care and services in the zero line, the first line, the second line and / or the third line are coordinated between different care providers. The care is then delivered to the person (fellow human) at home or as close as possible (Bruce and Parry, 2015; Evers and Paulus, 2015; Lewis, 2015; Spicer, 2015; Cringles, 2002).AimSupport societal participation, quality of live and reduce care demand and costs in people with complex care demands, through integration of healthcare and welfare servicesMethods (overview)1. Create best healthcare and welfare practices in Slovenia, Poland, Austria, Norway, UK, Finland, The Netherlands: three integrated best care practices per involved country 2. Get insight in working mechanisms of favourable outcomes (by studying the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes) to enable personalised integrated care for meeting the complex care demand of people focussed on societal participation in all integrated care best practices.3. Disclose program design features and requirements regarding finance, governance, accountability and management for European policymakers, national policy makers, regional policymakers, national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, funding organisations, and managers of healthcare and welfare organisations.4. Identify needs of healthcare and welfare deliverers for creating and supporting dynamic partnerships for integrating these care services for meeting complex care demands in a personalised way for the client.5. Studying desired behaviours of healthcare and welfare professionals, managers of healthcare and welfare organisations, members of involved funding organisations and national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, regional policymakers, national policy makers and European policymakersInvolved partiesAlma Mater Europaea Maribor Slovenia, Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland, University Graz Austria, Kristiania University Oslo Norway, Salford University Manchester UK, University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht The Netherlands (secretary), Rotterdam Stroke Service The Netherlands, Vilans National Centre of Expertise for Long-term Care The Netherlands, NIVEL Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, International Foundation of Integrated Care IFIC.References1. Berwick DM. The John Eisenberg Lecture: Health Services Research as a Citizen in Improvement. Health Serv Res. 2005 Apr; 40(2): 317–336.2. Bruce D, Parry B. Integrated care: a Scottish perspective. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 44–48.3. Cringles MC. Developing an integrated care pathway to manage cancer pain across primary, secondary and tertiary care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2002 May 8;247279.4. Ettema RGA, Eastwood JG, Schrijvers G. Towards Evidence Based Integrated Care. International journal of integrated care 2018;18(s2):293. DOI: 10.5334/ijic.s22935. Evers SM, Paulus AT. Health economics and integrated care: a growing and challenging relationship. Int J Integr Care. 2015 Jun 17;15:e024.6. Goodwin N, Dixon A, Anderson G, Wodchis W. Providing integrated care for older people with complex needs: lessons from seven international case studies. King’s Fund London; 2014.7. Huber M, van Vliet M, Giezenberg M, Winkens B, Heerkens Y, Dagnelie PC, Knottnerus JA. Towards a 'patient-centred' operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 12;6(1):e010091. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-0100918. Lewis M. Integrated care in Wales: a summary position. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 49–54.9. Olsson EL, Hansson E, Ekman I, Karlsson J. A cost-effectiveness study of a patient-centred integrated care pathway. 2009 65;1626–1635.10. Spicer J. Integrated care in the UK: variations on a theme? London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 41–43.11. Topol E. (2016) The Patient Will See You Now. The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands. New York: Basic Books.

AbstractObservational records provide a strong basis for constraining sea ice models within a narrow range of climate conditions. Given current trends away from these conditions, models need to be tested over a wider range of climate states. The past provides many such examples based on paleoclimate data, including abrupt tipping points. However, the millennial-duration of typical paleoclimatesimulations necessitates balancing the inclusion and sophistication of model processes against computational cost. We investigate the impact on climate mean states and variability of introducing sea ice dynamics into the simplified general circulation model PlaSim-LSG [1-3].Considering the technical constraints of PlaSim-LSG, we choose to integrate a modied version of the MITgcm's dynamical sea ice component [4, 5] into the model setup. We adapt the component to the structure and parallelization scheme of PlaSim-LSG, validate the physical consistency and stability of the component, and evaluate the impact of sea ice dynamics onto the simulated climate from decadal to millennial time scales. Specifically, we compare climatologies, variability and scaling of the extended model to control simulations of the preexisting setups, and quantify how additional sea ice dynamics affect well-known climatic biases of the PlaSim model family.With our extended PlaSim-LSG model we aim at capturing the key small-scale sea ice processes that are important to past climate tipping points while maintaining model efficiency for millennial simulations. Sea ice is a key component of coupled atmosphere-ocean processes that led to large-amplitude, abrupt climate variability in the past [6-8]. Therefore, the extended model can be usedto investigate the role of sea ice for such oscillations. This facilitates the understanding of processes that lead to current mismatches between palaeoclimate data and simulations, and that impact thesimulated surface climate variability [9].References[1] K. Fraedrich et al. Meteorol. Z. 14.3 (2005), 299-304. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0043.[2] F. Lunkeit et al. Tech. rep. 2011. url: https://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de/en/arbeitsgruppen/theoretische-meteorologie/modelle/sources/psreferencemanual-1.pdf.[3] H. J. Andres et al. Clim. Past 15.4 (2019), 1621-1646. doi: 10.5194/cp-15-1621-2019.[4] J. Zhang et al. J. Geophys. Res. 102.4 (1997), 412-415.[5] M. Losch et al. Ocean Model. 33.1-2 (2010), 129-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.12.008.[6] T. M. Dokken et al. Paleoceanography 28.3 (2013), 491-502. doi: 10.1002/palo.20042.[7] G. Vettoretti et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 43.10 (2016), 5336-5344. doi: 10.1002/2016GL068891.[8] C. Li et al. Quat. Sci. Rev. 203 (2019), 1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.10.031.[9] N. Weitzel et al. presented at Fall Meeting AGU. 2020. url: https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm20/webprogram/Paper739241.html.

PM effects on health are believed to be more related to particle total number rather than to particle total mass. This gave rise in Europe to the forthcoming introduction of an emission standard on total particle number, that will take place for passenger cars from EURO5 (stage b) on. The behavior of the DPF is therefore under investigation, to better understand its effectiveness toward particle number reduction. Moving from that background, a study on the effect of a close coupled DOC-CDPF (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst + Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter) on PM emissions is proposed in this paper, with special focus on the comparison between mass and number collection efficiency. Experimental data have been gathered at the engine laboratory of the University of Rome Tor Vergata, equipped with a FIAT 2.0l EURO 5 passenger car engine. Data have been acquired with a TSI 3090 EEPS to measure particle distribution and total number, and an AVL-415 S to measure PM mass emissions. A numerical code has been also developed to represent the DPF behavior, in terms of soot load (g/l) trend, under forced regenerating operating conditions and better understand regeneration potential as a function of time. Results, acquired for three non regenerating and one forced regenerating modes, prove that mass and number efficiencies are close to 100%, with a slight decrease during the forced regeneration mode.

A comparative study on engine performance and emissions (NOx, soot) formation has been carried out for the Volvo D12C diesel engine fueled by Rapeseed Methyl Ester, RME and conventional diesel oil. The combustion models, used in this paper, are the modifications of those described in [1–2]. After the compilation of liquid properties of RME specified as methyl oleate, C19H36O2, making up 60% of RME. The oxidation mechanism has been compiled based on methyl butanoate ester, mb, C5H10O2 oxidation model [3] supplemented by the sub-mechanisms for two proposed fuel constituent components, methyl decanoate, md, C11H22O2, n-heptane, C7H16, and soot and NOx formations reduced and “tuned” by using the sensitivity analysis. A special global reaction was introduced to “crack” the main fuel into constituent components, md, mb and propyne, C3H4, to reproduce accurately the proposed RME chemical formula. The sub-mechanisms were collected in the general one consisting of 99 species participating in 411 reactions. The combustion mechanism was validated using shock-tube ignition-delay data at diesel engine conditions and flame propagation speeds at atmospheric conditions. The engine simulations were carried out for Volvo D12C engine fueled both RME and conventional diesel oil. The numerical results illustrate that in the case of RME, nearly 100% combustion efficiency was predicted when the cumulative heat release, was compared with the RME LHV, 37.2 kJ/g.. To minimize NOx emissions, the effects of 20–30% EGR levels depending on the engine loads and different injection strategies were analyses. To confirm the optimal engine operation conditions, a special technique based on the time-transient parametric φ-T maps [4] has been used.

Benefited by the progress of material science, Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) with UV-emitting have been produced successfully. Like other LEDs, UV-LEDs exhibit several advantages, such as energy conservation, long life, compact, and quick response. The UV-LED application to microlithography is attractive. In contrast to point light sources requiring lens to generate parallel light beams, an array of UV-LEDs can emit nearly parallel light beams easily. UV-LEDs only need 3 to 4 voltages to ignite, which is much lower than that required by mercury short arc lamps. The cost of using UV-LEDs is also much lower than current solutions. In this study, we used UV-LEDs as the light source in the laboratory lithography system. LEDs, whose emitting spectrum distributed between 370 to 410 nm mostly, were displaced on the bottom of a heat sink. Two 10-by-10 cm2 test masks, where the smallest pattern was 20 μm, were used to examine the resolution ability of this combination. Each light module was utilized to exposure photosensitized printed circuit board (PCB). After etching, the printed patterns were observed under microscope. The minimum reproducible feature size was 100 μm. Through the 4” mask, the uniformity was decent, and could be improved by using LEDs from the same batch, collimator, or LED displacement optimization. In the future, standard g-line process can be performed, and further tests will be performed to check the limits of the UV-LED system. Based on these preliminary tests, it seems like the usage of UV-LEDs should be a feasible solution for microlithography.

Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) leads to an unwanted increase in fission rate and power in a region of the reactor core confined around the position of occurrence. The power excursion due to such events may cause fuel rods failures and a subsequent release of radioactive material into the primary coolant of reactor, in severe cases, this release could damage nearby fuel assemblies. In nuclear power plants, RIAs are due to control system faults, e. g. control elements ejection/insertion, or rapid changes in temperature or pressure of moderator. In Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs), the control rod drop accidents (RDAs) at cold zero power have been deeply investigated, in fact, notwithstanding they are less frequent in comparison with the control rod ejection event in PWRs, in this kind of plant these conditions are the most severe in case of a RIA occurrence. RDA transient, comprised in the design basis events considered in safety analysis, may cause rod failures especially at high burnup. To simulate a RIA, a peaked power pulse is applied to a pre-irradiated and re-instrumented rodlet aiming at investigating the most important phenomena that could lead to the rupture of cladding tubes. This paper is focused on the investigation of the TRANSURANUS fuel performance code capability to predict the thermomechanical state of rodlets subjected to RIA tests. To this purpose the FK-1 test, carried out at the Nuclear Safety Research Reactor (NSRR) of Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), was simulated. This experiment is part of a set of 12 tests performed at the NSRR facility to study the performance under a reactivity initiated accident of BWR rodlets with burnup between 41 and 61 MWd/kgHM. In the FK-1 test, a STEP I BWR rodlet, previously irradiated in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (Unit 3) operated by the Tokyo Electric Power COmpany (TEPCO) up to 45 MWd/kgHM, was subjected to a peak enthalpy insertion of 544 J/g. In this paper the code findings for the FK-1 test are discussed on the basis of the experimental data and the predictions of other stand-alone codes for transient analysis. The FK-1 predictions of FRAPTRAN (2001), FALCON (2003) and SCANAIR (ver. 3–2) are reported. The choice of fuel relocation model and important cladding properties (swelling, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity) was made relying on preliminary calculations whose results are also presented. Notwithstanding a satisfactory agreement between predictions and experimental data and a good agreement in the presented code-to-code comparison were envisaged, these results also emphasized the need to improve the models for FGR, heat transfer to plenum. Investigations are also required to ascertain possible contribution from fission gas to pelles thermal expansion. Ongoing modeling activity, performed at the ITU Joint Research Centre, is focused on a new model for FGR, ENEA (Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile) is expected, in the near term, to give a contribution to refine the model for plenum gas temperature. These activities should improve the description of RIA transient and further investigations on NSRR tests will be performed with newly developed models. The work presented in this paper will be part of ENEA contribution in FUMEX III project leaded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and aimed at the improvement of fuel codes predictions at high burnup.

Abstract Design codes and standards are used for new designs and also for management of operation and in service inspection of existing NPP primary circuit pressure boundaries. The current codes — ASME, KTA, RCC-M, PNAE-G and JSME — have been originally rooted to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Nuclear Vessels, which was published in 1963. Article 4, N-415 “Analysis for cyclic operation” instructed calculation of stress intensities for fatigue transients and provided two design curves for basic material types — one for ferritic, the other for austenitic steels. The design curves were based on strain-controlled LCF tests, which measured the allowable numbers of cycles as function of plastic strain. The obtained material performance was then processed to strain-life and design curves (Sa = Ex εa). This local strain fatigue approach was found applicable for both ferritic and austenitic steels though their elastic plastic cyclic responses are much different. Fatigue data for stainless steels extended to ¼ million cycles and the design curve was extrapolated to one million cycles. Later on — supported by load-controlled HCF tests — the original LCF approach has been extended even beyond HCF to VHCF regime. Our strain-controlled HCF results for alloy types 347 and 304L are in conflict with the reference mean curve behind current ASME curve for stainless steels. We assume that this reflects a generic issue related to extrapolation of the LCF methodology by Coffin, Langer and other pioneers. Furthermore, analysis of cyclic responses and variable amplitude testing to millions of cycles give reasons to assume that the concept of an endurance limit (Se) is applicable also for variable amplitude straining. Variable amplitude HCF straining was not studied for ferritic steels and we propose the concept of enforced endurance limit to austenitic stainless steels only. We propose a critical review on relevance of the current ASME III design curve for stainless steels.

Introducción Nuestro objetivo fue explorar la ocurrencia de experiencias traumáticas en la infancia y la presencia de dificultades de regulación emocional en una muestra de usuarios del programa de Chemsex de la ONG Apoyo Positivo(AP+). Material y métodos Se ofreció realizar una encuesta on-line a los usuarios del programa que habían practicado Chemsex en el último año y a un grupo control sin dichas prácticas. Los grupos no difirieron en edad, sexo y orientación del deseo(hombres gais /bisexuales). Incluimos cuestionarios relacionados con consumo de drogas (DUDIT), regulación emocional(DERS) y experiencias traumáticas tempranas(EARLY-G). Presentamos el análisis descriptivo del grupo de usuarios(n=41). Comparamos usuarios y grupo control en variables relacionadas con trauma y regulación emocional(n=39). Resultados y conclusiones La media de edad de los usuarios fue 38,4 años, 56% nacieron en España y 34% en Latinoamérica. El 71% fue diagnosticado de VIH. Las drogas más consumidas en contexto de chemsex fueron: mefedrona(100%), metanfetamina inhalada(88%), GHB(90%), cocaína(66%) y ketamina(68%). Otras sustancias utilizadas en las sesiones de sexo y drogas fueron: poppers(78%), sildenafilo o similar(68%) y alcohol(27%). El 66% inyectó drogas en dichas sesiones(slamsex). Todos los usuarios presentaron puntuaciones sugerentes de consumo de drogas de riesgo y el 34% probable dependencia en el test DUDIT. Los usuarios refirieron significativamente mayor frecuencia de abusos sexuales tempranos que los controles (22 vs. 5% en la familia cercana y 23 vs. 10% fuera de la familia), y problemas económicos graves en la infancia(58 vs. 5%)(p<.05). Los usuarios obtuvieron puntuaciones asociadas a mayor desregulación emocional general que los controles (DERS total, X(DT)=73,1(20,6) vs. 59,4(15,3)) y peores puntuaciones en las sub-escalas de descontrol, rechazo e interferencia (p<.05). Algunas personas que practican Chemsex parecen presentar experiencias traumáticas tempranas y dificultades de regulación emocional. De confirmarse nuestros resultados, esta población podría beneficiarse específicamente de terapias centradas en trauma y regulación emocional.