Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / 1999 earthquake

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „1999 earthquake”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Myrtle, Robert C., Sami F. Masri, Robert L. Nigbor i John P. Caffrey. "Classification and Prioritization of Essential Systems in Hospitals under Extreme Events". Earthquake Spectra 21, nr 3 (sierpień 2005): 779–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1988338.

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This paper presents a classification and prioritization of nonstructural systems, including medical equipment, in hospitals based upon the results of extensive surveys of effects of major seismic events. Surveys included damage surveys, interviews of medical and administrative personnel, and solicitation of expert opinion. As part of a larger study on nonstructural mitigation in hospitals, this effort sought to identify the importance and interdependence of various nonstructural systems subjected to earthquakes and other extreme events. Focused information was obtained for the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Additional information was obtained from experiences in the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, and the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake. Survey results led to a prioritized list of hospital nonstructural systems that can aid mitigation efforts in maximizing the continued functionality of essential medical facilities when exposed to extreme events.
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Duma, G., i Y. Ruzhin. "Diurnal changes of earthquake activity and geomagnetic Sq-variations". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 3, nr 3/4 (31.08.2003): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-3-171-2003.

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Abstract. Statistic analyses demonstrate that the probability of earthquake occurrence in many earthquake regions strongly depends on the time of day, that is on Local Time (e.g. Conrad, 1909, 1932; Shimshoni, 1971; Duma, 1997; Duma and Vilardo, 1998). This also applies to strong earthquake activity. Moreover, recent observations reveal an involvement of the regular diurnal variations of the Earth’s magnetic field, commonly known as Sq-variations, in this geodynamic process of changing earthquake activity with the time of day (Duma, 1996, 1999). In the article it is attempted to quantify the forces which result from the interaction between the induced Sq-variation currents in the Earth’s lithosphere and the regional Earth’s magnetic field, in order to assess the influence on the tectonic stress field and on seismic activity. A reliable model is obtained, which indicates a high energy involved in this process. The effect of Sq-induction is compared with the results of the large scale electromagnetic experiment "Khibiny" (Velikhov, 1989), where a giant artificial current loop was activated in the Barents Sea.
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Shoaf, Kimberley, Cary Sauter, Linda B. Bourque, Christian Giangreco i Billie Weiss. "Suicides in Los Angeles County in Relation to the Northridge Earthquake". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, nr 04 (grudzień 2004): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0000193x.

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AbstractIntroduction:Recently, there has been speculation that suicide rates increase after a disaster. Yet, in spite of anecdotal reports, it is difficult to demonstrate a systematic relationship between suicide and disaster. Suicides are fairly rare events, and single disasters rarely have covered geographic areas with large enough populations to be able to find statistically significant differences in such relatively rare events (annual suicide rates in the United States average 12/100,000 population).Hypothesis:Suicide rates increased in the three calendar years (1994–1996) following the Northridge earthquake as compared to the three calendar years (1991–1993) prior to the earthquake. Likewise the suicide rates for 1993 are compared with the rates in 1994. By looking at the suicide rates in a three-year period after the earthquake, the additional disasters that befell Southern California in 1995 and 1996 may have had an additive effect on psychological disorders and suicide rates that can be measured.Methods:Data on suicide mortality were compiled for the years from 1989 through 1996. Differences in rates for 1993 compared with 1994 and for three-year periods before and after the earthquake (1991–1993 vs. 1994 –1996) were analyzed using az-statistic.Results:There is a statistically significant difference in the rates for the years prior to the earthquake (1991–1993) when pooled and compared to the suicide rates for the years after the earthquake (1994–1996). The rates of suicide are lower in the three years following the earthquake (11.85 vs. 13.12/100,000 population) than they are in the three years prior to the earthquake (z= -3.85,p<0.05). Likewise, there is a similar difference when comparing 1993 to 1994 (11.77 vs. 13.84,z= -3.57,p<0.05). The patterns of suicide remain similar over time, with males and non-Hispanic Whites having the highest rates of suicide.Conclusion:It does not appear that suicide rates increase as a result of earthquakes in this setting. This study demonstrates that the psychological impacts of the Northridge earthquake did not culminate in an increase in the rates of suicide.
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Yeh, T. K., C. H. Chen, C. H. Wang i S. Wen. "Frequency anomaly of groundwater level before major earthquakes in Taiwan". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (12.11.2015): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-101-2015.

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Abstract. Anomalous decreases on water levels were observed in 78 % of wells in central Taiwan about 250 days before the Chi-Chi earthquake whose magnitude is 7.6 on 20 September 1999. Variations in groundwater levels measured on anomalous wells from 1 August 1997 to 19 September 1999, were transferred into the frequency domain to unveil frequency characteristics. Analytical results show that amplitudes at the frequency band between 0.02 and 0.04 day−1 generally maintained at low stage and were apparently enhanced a few weeks before the Chi-Chi earthquake. Variations of amplitude at this particular frequency band were further examined along with other Taiwan earthquakes whose magnitude is larger than 6 from 1 August 1997 to 31 December 2009. Features of the enhanced amplitudes at the frequency band are consistently observed prior to the other two earthquakes during the 12.5-year study period. Result confirms that abnormal rise and fall changes in groundwater level yield an agreement with forward and backward surface displacements around epicenter prior to the Chi-Chi earthquake.
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Chen, C. H., C. H. Wang, S. Wen, T. K. Yeh, C. H. Lin, J. Y. Liu, H. Y. Yen, C. Lin, R. J. Rau i T. W. Lin. "Anomalous frequency characteristics of groundwater level before major earthquakes in Taiwan". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, nr 5 (2.05.2013): 1693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1693-2013.

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Abstract. Unusual decreases of water levels were consistently observed in 78% (= 42/54) of wells in the Choshuichi Alluvial Fan of central Taiwan about 250 days before the Chi-Chi earthquake (M = 7.6 on 20 September 1999) while possible factors of barometric pressure, earth tides, precipitation as well as artificial pumping were removed. Variations in groundwater levels measured on anomalous wells from 1 August 1997 to 19 September 1999, which covers the 250 day unusual decreases, were transferred into the frequency domain to unveil frequency characteristics associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake. Analytical results show that amplitudes at the frequency band between 0.02 day−1 and 0.04 day−1 generally maintained at the low stage and were apparently enhanced a few weeks before the Chi-Chi earthquake. Variations of amplitude at this particular frequency band were further examined along with other Taiwan earthquakes (M > 6) from 1 August 1997 to 31 December 2009. Features of the enhanced amplitudes at the frequency band are consistently observed prior to the other two earthquakes (the Rei-Li and Ming-Jian earthquakes) during the 12.5 yr study period. In addition, surface displacements recorded from GPS, which provides insights into understanding stress status in subsurface during the Chi-Chi earthquake, are also inspected. The result confirms that abnormal rise and fall changes in groundwater level yield an agreement with forward and backward surface displacements around the epicentre prior to the Chi-Chi earthquake.
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Chen, C. H., C. H. Wang, S. Wen, T. K. Yeh, C. H. Lin, J. Y. Liu, H. Y. Yen i T. W. Lin. "Anomalous frequency characteristics of groundwater levels before major earthquakes in Taiwan". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, nr 6 (4.06.2012): 6979–7000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-6979-2012.

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Abstract. Unusual decreases in water levels were consistently observed in 78% (=42/54) of the wells in the Choshuichi Alluvial Fan of central Taiwan roughly 150 days before the Chi-Chi earthquake (M = 7.6 on 20 September 1999) when the influences of barometric pressure, earth tides, precipitation and artificial pumping were removed. Variations in groundwater levels measured in the anomalous wells between 1 August 1997 and 19 September 1999, the time period covering the unusual decreases, were transferred into the frequency domain to examine anomalous frequency bands associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake. Analytical results show that amplitudes at the frequency band between 0.02 day−1 and 0.04 day−1 were generally maintained at the low stage and were enhanced in the few weeks before the Chi-Chi earthquake. Variations in amplitude within this particular frequency band were further examined in association with earthquakes (M > 6) between 1 August 1997 and 31 December 2009. Enhanced amplitude phenomena are consistently observed prior to the other two earthquakes (the Rei-Li and Ming-Jian earthquakes) during the 12.5 yr, which sheds a promising light on research into precursors of strong earthquakes when combined with other geophysical observations such as geomagnetic anomalies and crustal displacements.
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PRAKASH, RAJESH, S. K. SRIVASTAV, H. V. GUPTA i H. N. SRIVASTAVA. "Spatio temporal seismicity variation in earthquakes of Uttaranchal region". MAUSAM 55, nr 4 (19.01.2022): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v55i4.1402.

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The spatio temporal variations of seismicity preceding Uttarkashi, 1991 and Chamoli, 1999 earthquakes were studied based on the data during the period 1981 to 2000 using the catalogues of earthquakes prepared by the India Meteorological Department. Two scenarios were examined. In one case the epicentral distance from the respective impending earthquakes were worked out for all the earthquakes recorded during a ten years period prior to the earthquake of Uttarkashi and Chamoli respectively. In the other case, the epicenter near latitude 30.2° N and longitude 80.2° E near India Nepal border (where earthquakes of 1966 and 1980 occurred) were considered to compute the epicentral distance. The second case was included because it is a seismically active region where Dharachulla earthquake of 1916 (magnitude 7.5) occurred. The earthquakes of 1999, 1991 and 1980 in Uttaranchal were characterised by six phases of seismic activity namely (i) first quiescence or gap, (ii) swarm, (iii) second quiescence or gap, (iv) foreshocks, (v) main shock and (vi) aftershocks. Some differences among these phases could however, be noticed which were explained through source mechanism, isoseismals, ‘b’ (Gutenberg Richter’s relationship), ‘h’ values (Omori’s law ) and fractal dimension. It is interesting to point out that prior to the occurrence of earthquake swarms (second phase) the seismic pattern exhibits the development of a seismic gap (first phase) after the decay of the aftershock activity associated with a previous large earthquake of magnitude greater than or equal to M: 6.0 in this region. We infer that this second ‘gap’ (third phase) is a characteristic of the complexity of the tectonics in the Uttaranchal. Thus, the simple Kanamori’s asperity model could be modified to consist of six phases of seismic activity in the complex tectonic zone of Garhwal Himalaya. Detailed difference in the seismicity patterns prior to the earthquake were explained by the fractal dimensions estimated from the ‘b’values.
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Yalcin, A., C. Gokceoglu i H. Sönmez. "Liquefaction severity map for Aksaray city center (Central Anatolia, Turkey)". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, nr 4 (7.07.2008): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-641-2008.

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Abstract. Turkey having a long history of large earthquakes have been subjected to progressive adjacent earthquakes. Starting in 1939, the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) produced a sequence of major earthquakes, of which the Mw 7.4 earthquake that struck western Turkey on 17 August 1999. Following the Erzincan earthquake in 1992, the soil liquefaction has been crucial important in the agenda of Turkey. Soil liquefaction was also observed widely during the Marmara and the Düzce Earthquake in 1999 (Sönmez, 2003). Aksaray city center locates in the central part of Turkey and the Tuzgolu Fault Zone passes through near the city center. The fault zone has been generated to moderate magnitude earthquakes. The geology of the Aksaray province basin contains Quaternary alluvial deposits formed by gravel, sand, silt, and clay layers in different thickness. The Tuzgolu Fault Zone (TFZ) came into being after the sedimetation of alluvial deposits. Thus, the fault is younger from lithological units and it is active. In addition, the ground water level is very shallow, within approximately 3 m from the surface. In this study, the liquefaction potential of the Aksaray province is investigated by recent procedure suggested by Sonmez and Gokceoglu (2005). For this purpose, the liquefaction susceptibility map of the Aksaray city center for liquefaction is presented. In the analysis, the input parameters such as the depth of the upper and lower boundaries of soil layer, SPT-N values, fine content, clay content and the liquid limit were used for all layers within 20 m from the surface. As a result, the category of very high susceptibility liquefaction class was not observed for the earthquake scenario of Ms=5.2, 4.9% of the study area has high liquefaction susceptibility. The percentage of the moderately, low, and very low liquefied areas are 28.2%, 30.2%, and 36.3%, respectively. The rank of non-liquefied susceptibility area is less than 1%.
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Julius, Admiral Musa, i Daryono. "Overview of 1990s deadly tsunamis in Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133107001.

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In the 1990s there were 7 (seven) deadly tsunami events due to earthquakes in Indonesia. There is M 7.8 North-east of Flores island sea earthquake (1992), M 7.6 South of Java island sea earthquake (1994), M 6.8 South of Timor Island sea earthquake (1995), M 7.8 North-west of Sulawesi island sea earthquake (1996), M 7.9 East of Biak island sea earthquake (1996), M 7.7 Taliabu island sea earthquake (1998), and M 7.4 East of Banggai Island sea earthquake (2000). Those earthquake and tsunami disasters events affected the number of casualties and damaged houses in coastal areas. Surely those events present a few lessons learned for future disaster preparedness in Indonesia.
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Zöller, G., i S. Hainzl. "Detecting premonitory seismicity patterns based on critical point dynamics". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 1, nr 1/2 (30.06.2001): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-1-93-2001.

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Abstract. We test the hypothesis that critical point dynamics precedes strong earthquakes in a region surrounding the future hypocenter. Therefore, we search systematically for regions obeying critical point dynamics in terms of a growing spatial correlation length (GCL). The question of whether or not these spatial patterns are correlated with future seismicity is crucial for the problem of predictability. The analysis is conducted for earthquakes with M > 6.5 in California. As a result, we observe that GCL patterns are correlated with the distribution of future seismicity. In particular, there are clear correlations in some cases, e.g. the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1999 Hector Mine earthquake. We claim that the critical point concept can improve the seismic hazard assessment.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Petal, Marla Ann. "Urban disaster mitigation and preparedness the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake /". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3142562.

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Wu, Jie Ying. "A comparative study of housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan /". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/74.

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Sakiroglu, Mehmet. "Positive Outcomes Among The 1999 Duzce Earthquake Survivors: Earthquake Preparedness Behavior And Posttraumatic Growth". Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613479/index.pdf.

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The current study aimed to examine two potential positive outcomes of an earthquake experience, namely posttraumatic growth (PTG) and earthquake preparedness behavior. Variables that may be related to PTG and earthquake preparedness behavior were examined after earthquake victimization by using two models, which were the Person Relative to Event (PrE) Model (Mulilis &
Duval, 1997) to understand earthquake preparedness behavior, and Model of Life Crises and Personal Growth (Schaefer &
Moos, 1992) to understand PTG. In order to examine earthquake preparedness behavior, the roles of demographic variables, event-related variables, cognitive appraisal factors, and coping strategies, and in order to examine PTG, environmental factors, system factors, event related factors, earthquake specific coping and cognitive appraisal factors, and general ways of coping responses factors were examined. Data was collected by a questionnaire consisting of three parts. The first part was a socio-demographic information form. The second part of the questionnaire included set of items designed to examine past earthquake experience, the severity of past earthquake experience and reasons to prepare for a possible future earthquake. The third part of the questionnaire consisted of eight scales. These scales were Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI) to measure coping strategies used in stressful situations, Revised and Translated Mulilis-Lippa Earthquake Preparedness Scale (MLEPS) to measure the level of earthquake preparedness behavior, perceived difficulty and perceived effectiveness of being prepared, Religiousness Scale (RS) to measure the level of religious resources of participants, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to measure perceived adequacy of social support, The Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL) to measure the quality of life of the participants, Psychological Well-Being Scale to measure the level of psychological well-being of participants, Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist (TSSC) to measure posttraumatic stress, and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) to measure stress-related growth. One hundred ninety nine adults (105 females and 94 males with an age range of 18 to 73) were participants of the study. The participants were from Kaynasli, Dü
zce. The participants were selected on the basis of their age, gender, and the type of their houses. They were contacted through home visits. In the result section, the level of the different categories of earthquake preparedness behavior, self-efficacy and outcome efficacy
the reasons of preparedness and nonpreparedness for earthquakes, the variables related to earthquake preparedness behavior and PTG were presented. Hierarchical regression analysis results revealed that perceived responsibility to prepare for earthquakes, outcome efficacy, and problem-focused coping were positively and posttraumatic stress was negatively related to earthquake preparedness behavior. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that being married, perceived social support, well-being, problem-focused coping, and seeking social support coping were significant predictors of the level of PTG. The results of regression analysis also showed that, general problem focused coping was more efficient than earthquake specific active coping after earthquake victimization for the development of PTG. The results of the study were discussed within the relevant literature, shortcomings of the current study, clinical implications and suggestions for future research were proposed.
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Yargici, Volkan. "Assessment Of Buried Pipeline Performance During The 1999 Duzce Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1063197/index.pdf.

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The goal of this study is to develop probabilistically based empirical correlations for seismic performance assessment of buried pipelines. Within the scope of these research efforts, pipeline performance case histories have been compiled from Duzce city after Duzce earthquake. The characteristics of Duzce water supply and distribution system with the earthquake damage on the system were studied. Correlations of the damage patterns with the water distribution system, earthquake and geotechnical characteristics have been developed. Moreover spatial distributions of the earthquake effects havebeen transferred into Geographic Information System (GIS) format. As a result of these studies, it was intended to define the seismic, geotechnical and structural parameters which may explain the spatial variability of the observed seismic pipeline hazard. For the development of such correlations, a maximum likelihood framework for the probabilistic assessment of seismically induced buried pipeline performance is described. A database, consisting of postearthquake field observations of buried pipeline performance after Duzce earthquake in conjunction with in-situ index test results, is used for the development of probabilistically based seismic pipeline performance correlations. As a result of careful processing of available data, the variables of the problem are selected as: liquefaction susceptibility of soil, thickness of soft soil layer if it exists, peak ground acceleration and estimated ground deformations. A limit state function is defined in terms of these variables. Repairs on the pipeline system due to earthquake are compiled with the surrounding soil and earthquake parameters and the correlations of pipeline performances with the mentioned variables are determined. Different sets of fragility curves are developed for seismic pipeline performance problem, representing various sources of uncertainty that are intrinsic to the problem. Such information is believed to be useful to utility system operators in planning a seismic retrofit or upgrade program for existing pipeline systems.
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Osgoie, Mahtab Ghafari. "A survey of earthquake-induced damage to telecommunications towers (1999-2011)". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112070.

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Technical Report. Structural Engineering Series No. 2012-15
The author and her supervisor, Prof. Ghyslaine McClure, recently worked on a research aimed at validating computational seismic response predictions of a guyed telecommunication mast with ambient vibration measurements. This report summarizes telecommunication towers damages due to recent earthquakes (from 1999 to 2011) as reported in damage reconnaissance accounts openly accessible.
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Assimaki, Dominic 1975. "Topography effects in the 1999 Athens earthquake : engineering issues in seismology". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30048.

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Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references.
It is well known that irregular topography can substantially affect the amplitude and frequency characteristics of seismic motion. Macroseismic observations of destructive earthquakes often show higher damage intensity at the tops of hills, ridges and canyons than at lower elevations and on flat areas. Systematic seismic motion amplification over convex topographies has been confirmed by instrumental studies and also predicted by theoretical and numerical simulations of wave diffraction. Nonetheless, for the most part, the former have been limited to weak motion data and the later have treated topographic asperities as simple geometric irregularities on the surface of homogeneous, linearly elastic halfspaces. Despite the qualitative agreement between theory and observations on topography effects, there is still much uncertainty concerning the actual severity of amplification near topographic irregularities, inasmuch as predictive methods are still lacking on the quantitative aspects of seismic amplification near such features. Focusing of seismic rays by convex topographies does play a significant role as shown theoretically, yet it is not the only physical phenomenon involved. On the other hand, weak motion data may not be applicable to describe topography effects for strong shaking, and indeed there exist very few- if any- well documented case studies demonstrating the severity of topographic effects for strong ground motion. In this dissertation, we find that topography and local soil conditions need to be accounted for simultaneously for the prediction of site amplification factors, especially when earthquake motions are strong enough to elicit clear nonlinear soil behavior.
(cont.) We examine how local stratigraphy, material heterogeneity and nonlinear soil response can alter the focusing mechanism at the vertex of cliff-type topographies, and how the free-field response is further modified on account of soil-structure interaction. By means of a case-study from the Athens 1999 earthquake, we validate the effects of local soil conditions by comparison with weak motion data, and illustrate the effects of nonlinear soil behavior and soil-structure interaction on strong motion amplification. Our finite-element, nonlinear simulations seem to explain the uneven distribution of severe damage in the community of Adàmes that borders the crest of the Kifissos river canyon at its deepest point. They also resolve in part previously unexplained discrepancies, often observed between strong amplification during actual earthquakes and moderate values predicted by simple theoretical models. Combining our findings with earlier published results, we propose a period- and space-dependent factor, referred to as Topographic Aggravation Factor (TAF), which can be used in engineering design to modify site-specific design spectra of seismic code provisions to account for topography effects.
by Dominic Assimaki.
Sc.D.
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Bulbul, Oguzhan. "An Analysis Of Degirmendere Shore Landslide During 17 August 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607845/index.pdf.

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In this study, the failure mechanism of the shore landslide which occured at Degirmendere coast region during 17 August 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit) - Turkey earthquake is analyzed. Geotechnical studies of the region are at hand, which reveal soil properties and geological formation of the region as well as the topography of the shore basin after deformations. The failure is analyzed as a landslide and permanent displacements are calculated by Newmark Method under 17 August 1999 Izmit record, scaled to a maximum acceleration of 0.4g. There are discussions on the main dominating mechanism of failure
landslide, liquefaction, fault rupture and lateral spreading. According to the studies, the failure mechanism is a seismically induced shore landslide also triggered by liquefaction and fault rupture, accompanied by the mechanism of lateral spreading by turbulence. A seismically induced landslide is discussed and modeled in this study. The finite element programs TELSTA and TELDYN are employed for static and dynamic analyses. Slope stability analyses are performed with the program SLOPE. The permanent displacements are calculated with Newmark Method, with the help of a MATLAB program, without considering the excess pore pressures.
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Yilmaz, Zeynep. "Gis-based Structural Performance Assessment Of Sakarya City After 1999 Kocaeli-turkey Earthquake From Geotechnical And Earthquake Engineering Point Of View". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605150/index.pdf.

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The August 17, 1999 Kocaeli-Turkey Earthquake (Mw=7.4) caused severe damage to the structures and lifelines in the Marmara region. Soil liquefaction was identified as one of the major causes of this damage. The aim of this study is to determine geotechnical and earthquake engineering factors that contribute to the structural damage observed in Sakarya city after 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake. For this purpose, the results of an extensive field investigation program compiled by General Directorate of Disaster Affairs including subsurface soil characterization and documenting structural performance data were used. The database was carefully screened for poor quality data and was transferred to geographic information system (GIS) framework. Maximum likelihood methodology for the probabilistic assessment of seismically induced structural performance was chosen as the statistical tool. After series of sensitivity analyses, important geotechnical and earthquake engineering parameters of the problem were selected as i) liquefaction severity index, ii) post liquefaction volumetric settlement, iii) peak ground acceleration and, iv) spectral acceleration defined at the period range of conventional buildings. In addition to these parameters, structural performance defined as a) no damage and light, b) moderate damage, c) heavy damage and collapse, as well as the number of storeys of each structure were used as to correlate structural damage with geotechnical earthquake engineering factors. As a conclusion series of vulnerability functions specific to Adapazari shaken by Kocaeli Earthquake were developed. Performance predictions of these vulnerability functions were shown to be consistent with as high as 65 percent of the observed structural performance.
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Chen, Ming-Chu. "Knickpoint retreat and fluvial incision following the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake: Da-An River gorge, Taiwan". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34810.

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The lower Da-An River in western Taiwan was uplifted ~10 during the 1999 Mw 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake, resulting in a 20- to 30-m-deep bedrock gorge. However, the amount of coseismic displacement along the channel bed does not fully explain the resulting bedrock channel incision. Using a series of aerial photographs, digital terrain models (DEM), and real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK GPS) surveys, we characterized knickpoint retreat and fluvial incision in the Da-An River gorge. We also analyzed discharge and precipitation data and collected measurements of rock strength and joint plane orientations to understand the climatic, lithological, and structural influence on the evolution of the actively incising gorge. Two stages of fluvial incision and knickpoint migration are identified in the gorge following surface uplift during the Chi-Chi earthquake. From 1999 to 2004, 3 to 5 m of alluvium was removed from the channel bed, followed by 3 to 4 m of bedrock channel incision. The knickpoint generated immediately after the earthquake stayed where the uplift occurred at this time. Since 2005, the channel bed has lowered rapidly with local incision rate as high as 15 m/yr in terms of knickpoint migration. The average knickpoint migration rate over the period 2005 to 2009 was 238 m/yr; total upstream migration from the location of knickpoint formation was 1190 m. While tectonic uplift formed the knickpoint and set the stage for channel incision, climate played a critical role in accelerating the fluvial response to coseismic displacement. More than 20 m of bedrock channel incision and 1180 m knickpoint migration occurred during the post-2004 typhoon seasons (May-October). Based on repeat surveys of the Da-An River longitudinal profile and analysis of precipitation and discharge data, we suggest that a discharge threshold of 1200 to 2600 m³/s is required to initiate upstream knickpoint migration. However, once the threshold is exceeded, bedding dip becomes the primary control on rates and patterns of knickpoint propagation. Rotation occurred in a hinge zone where the bedding dips change from horizontal to upstream-dipping, while replacement was observed in the strata dipping upstream. The highest knickpoint migration rates (> 300 m/yr) were recorded in flat-lying, horizontal strata (< 10º) where parallel retreat was the dominate process. Overall, the knickpoint propagation followed the process of replacement behavior, in which the height of knickpoint decreases while migrating upstream. Thus, while tectonic processes set the initial conditions for knickpoint propagation in the Da-An River, the response time of the fluvial system to this forcing is strongly dependent on climate and local structure.
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Acar, Fikri. "Low Cycle Fatigue Effects In The Damage Caused By The Marmara Earthquake Of August 17, 1999". Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605534/index.pdf.

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This study mainly addresses the problem of estimating the prior earthquake damage on the response of reinforced concrete structures to future earthquakes. The motivation has arisen from the heavy damages or collapses that occurred in many reinforced concrete structures following two major earthquakes that recently occurred in the Marmara Region, Turkey. The analysis tool employed for this purpose is the package named IDARC2D. Deterioration parameters of IDARC'
s hysteretic model have been calibrated using a search method. In the calibration process experimental data of a total of twenty-two beam and column specimens, tested under constant and variable amplitude displacement histories, has been used. Fine-tuning of deterioration parameters is essential for more realistic predictions about inelastic behavior and structural damage. In order to provide more realistic damage prediction, three ranges of parameters are proposed. Some damage controlling structural parameters have been assessed via a large number of two-dimensional section analyses, inelastic time history and damage analyses of SDOF systems and seismic vulnerability analyses of reinforced concrete buildings. Inelastic time history and damage analyses of numerous SDOF systems have been carried out to determine whether the loading history has an effect on damage and dissipated hysteretic energy. Then this emphasis is directed to the analyses of MDOF systems. In the analyses of the SDOF systems, various forms of constant and variable amplitude inelastic displacement reversals and synthetic ground motions composed of one of the four earthquake records preceded or followed by its modified records acted as a prior or successive earthquake, have been used. The analyses of two five-story R/C buildings have been caried out using synthetic accelerograms comprised of base input provided by the two recorded ground motions. It is shown that both damage progression and cumulative hysteretic energy dissipated along a path seem to depend on the number and amplitude of cycles constituting the path. However, final damage and accumulated hysteretic energy dissipated along a loading path are independent of the ordering of the same number and amplitude cycles along the path. There is a nonlinear relationship between the earthquake excitation intensity and final damage attained in the end. Increase in the acceleration amplitude leads to exponential increase in damage. As the prior earthquake intensity increases the damage from the succeding main earthquake decreases. A definite ground motion acting as prior and successive earthquake causes substantially different amount of damage. Prior earthquake damage does not substantially affect the maximum drift response in future larger earthquakes. A MDOF frame type structure with aprior damage suffers less overall damage in an earthquake in comparison with the one without a prior damage.
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Książki na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Efe, Recep. Gölcük and Düzce earthquakes, 1999. [Istanbul: Fatih University, 2000.

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Larson, Timothy H. The earthquake of September 2, 1999, in northern Illinois: Big lessons from a small earthquake. Champaign, IL (615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign 61820-6924): Illinois State Geological Survey, 2001.

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17 Ağustos 1999 depreminde iki çimento fabrikası: Bir afet sosyolojisi çalışması. Cağaloğlu, İstanbul: Beta, 2011.

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Gakkai, Doboku, i Jiban Kōgakkai, red. 1999-nen Toruko Kojaeri jishin saigai chōsa hōkoku. Tōkyō: Nihon Kenchiku Gakkai, 2001.

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Jian zheng 921 zhen zai zhong jian: 921 Jiji da di zhen wu zhou nian. Taibei Shi: Chuan wen wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2004.

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Ji yi jiu er yi zhen zai chong jian: Ji nian jiu er yi zhen zai shi zhou nian. Taibei Shi: Wu nan tu shu chu ban gu fen you xian gong si, 2009.

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17 Ağustos sonrası Marmara'da deprem riski. Sirkeci, İstanbul: İnkılâp, 2001.

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Taiwan 921 da di zhen de ji ti ji yi. Taibei Xian Zhonghe Shi: INK yin ke wen xue sheng huo za zhi chu ban you xian gong si, 2009.

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Beklenen büyük Marmara depremi. Beşiktaş, İstanbul: Sınır Ötesi Yayınları, 2000.

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Kaya, Yalçın. Depremden kalanlar: 17 Ağustos'un ardından deprem, devlet ve toplum. İstanbul: Otopsi, 2000.

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Części książek na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Lazaridou-Varotsos, Mary S. "Disastrous Athens earthquake, 1999". W Earthquake Prediction by Seismic Electric Signals, 155–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24406-3_17.

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Ural, Derin N. "Kocaeli Earthquake 1999: Lessons Learned". W Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 1–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_264-1.

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Ilki, A., O. F. Halici, M. Comert i C. Demir. "The Modified Post-earthquake Damage Assessment Methodology for TCIP (TCIP-DAM-2020)". W Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 85–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_5.

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AbstractPost-Earthquake damage assessment has always been one of the major challenges that both engineers and authorities face after disastrous earthquakes all around the world. Considering the number of buildings in need of inspection and the insufficient number of qualified inspectors, the availability of a thorough, quantitative and rapidly applicable damage assessment methodology is vitally important after such events. At the beginning of the new millennia, an assessment system satisfying these needs was developed for the Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool (TCIP, known as DASK in Turkey) to evaluate the damages in reinforced concrete (RC) and masonry structures. Since its enforcement, this assessment method has been successfully used after several earthquakes that took place in Turkey, such as 2011 Van Earthquake, 2011 Kutahya Earthquake, 2019 Istanbul Earthquake and 2020 Elazig Earthquake to decide the future of damaged structures to be either ‘repaired’ or ‘demolished’. Throughout the years, the number of research activities focusing on the reparability of earthquake-damaged structures has increased, which is a purposeful parameter in the determination of buildings’ future after earthquakes. Accordingly, TCIP initiated a research project with a sole aim to regulate and reevaluate the damage assessment algorithm based on the results of state-of-the-art scientific research. This chapter presents the new version of the damage assessment methodology for reinforced concrete structures which was developed for TCIP (TCIP-DAM-2020). In addition, an application of the developed damage assessment algorithm on an earthquake-damaged reinforced concrete building which was struck by Kocaeli (1999) earthquake is presented.
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Lee, Chyi-Tyi. "Re-Evaluation of Factors Controlling Landslides Triggered by the 1999 Chi–Chi Earthquake". W Earthquake-Induced Landslides, 213–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32238-9_22.

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Abe, Shinro, Daisuke Higaki i Kazunori Hayashi. "The Role of Translational Landslides in the Evolution of Cuesta Topography". W Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 149–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_10.

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AbstractIn recent years, large-scale earthquakes such as the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in Japan and the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan have caused rockslides on the back slopes of cuestas. These rockslides in cuestas appear not only in earthquakes but also during rainfalls. This study focuses on the rockslides on cuesta’s back slopes. From field surveys in Japan, Taiwan, Switzerland, and Nepal, we extracted geological, structural, and morphological features common to them. We examined the relationships between these features and triggers, such as pore pressure increases and earthquakes. The majority of landslides initially occur as primary landslides; the forms of these masses then change gradually over a long period. However, our results show that landslides on cuesta’s back slopes slide over and over along the same laminar rock joints and thus hardly change their landscape essence. We demonstrate that rockslides on cuesta’s back slopes play a vital role in the evolution of cuesta landscapes.
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Tanırcan, Gülüm, Luis Dalguer, Feyza Nur Bekler i Nurcan Meral Özel. "Dynamic Rupture Modelling of the 1999 Düzce, Turkey Earthquake". W Pageoph Topical Volumes, 19–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72709-7_3.

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Yelles-chaouche, A. K., H. Djellit, H. Beldjoudi, M. Bezzeghoud i E. Buforn. "The Ain Temouchent (Algeria) Earthquake of December 22nd, 1999". W Geodynamics of Azores-Tunisia, 607–21. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7899-9_8.

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Papadopoulos, G. A. "Earthquake Triggering in Greece and the Case of the 7 September 1999 Athens Earthquake". W Integration of Earth Science Research on the Turkish and Greek 1999 Earthquakes, 141–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0383-4_11.

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Tsai, Jiin-Song, Lap-Loi Chung i Karl Gee-Yu Liu. "Damage and Recovery from the 1999 Chichi Earthquake in Taiwan". W Environmental Science and Engineering, 171–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29107-4_8.

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Mariolakos, I., i I. Fountoulis. "The Athens Earthquake September 7, 1999 Neotectonic Regime and Geodynamic Phenomena". W Integration of Earth Science Research on the Turkish and Greek 1999 Earthquakes, 113–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0383-4_9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Minowa, Chikahiro. "Development of a New Method of Baseline Correction on Earthquake Strong Motions and Its Application to Long Period Sloshing Responses of Liquid Storage Tanks During Strong Earthquakes". W ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2121.

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In this paper, a new method of baseline correction on strong motion acceleration records is presented and the fundamental concept for baseline corrections on the earthquake strong motions is described. Considering the filtering effect, the earthquakes ground motion displacements of 1995 JMA KOBE, 1999 Kocaeli YPT and 1999 Chi-Chi TCU068 are discussed. Also, the linear sloshing responses of large liquid tanks subjected to these motions were discussed. Since liquid storage tanks show the low frequency (long period) sloshing characteristics and the strong motion characteristics of 1999 Kocaeli and Chi-Chi earthquakes are also low frequencies and large permanent displacements, the sloshing responses in large liquid tanks, especially in long natural periods, were significantly affected by the low frequency motions (large permanent displacements) of these devastating earthquakes. It is very important to use suitable ground motion characterized low frequency content for earthquake resistant design of liquid storage tanks. The baseline correction method presented in the paper may be adequately used to correct strong motion records for large liquid storage design.
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Hays, Walter W. "The 1999 Kocalei, Turkey Earthquake and Puerto Rico". W Second Forensic Engineering Congress. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40482(280)21.

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SYRMAKEZIS, C. A., i A. A. SOPHOCLEOUS. "THE ATHENS (GREECE) EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 7, 1999". W Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Structural Control. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811707_0045.

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Pickett, Mark A. "Hospital Lifeline Response to the 1999 Izmit Turkey Earthquake". W Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE) 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40687(2003)24.

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Stewart, Jonathan P., Daniel B. Chu, Shannon Lee, J. S. Tsai, P. S. Lin, B. L. Chu, Robb E. S. Moss i in. "Liquefaction and Non-Liquefaction from 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake". W Sixth U.S. Conference and Workshop on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE) 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40687(2003)103.

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Okur, Volkan, Selim Altun i Atilla Ansal. "Cyclic Failure of Fine-Grained Soils during the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake". W Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)87.

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Lu, Chih-Chieh, i Jin-Hung Hwang. "Damage of New Sanyi Railway Tunnel during the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake". W Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics Congress IV. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)207.

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Martin, II, J. R., i C. G. Olgun. "Liquefaction Mitigation Using Jet-Grout Columns — 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake Case History". W GeoShanghai International Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40864(196)47.

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Çeti˙n, Kemal Önder, VoIkan Yargici i Ali Anil yunatci. "Assessment of Buried Pipeline Performance during the 1999 Duzce Earthquake, Turkey". W Pipelines Specialty Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41069(360)25.

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Steinberg, Laura J., Ana Maria Cruz, Fazilet Vardar-Sukar i Yasin Ersoz. "Hazardous Materials Releases during the August 17, 1999 Earthquake in Turkey". W World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)445.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "1999 earthquake"

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Baskaya, Yusuf Soner, i Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan. Sovereign Risk and Bank Lending: Evidence from 1999 Turkish Earthquake. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22335.

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Lamontagne, M., P. Archambault i S. Halchuk. Macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes of the Charlevoix seismic zone, Quebec, between 1870 and 2021: February 3, 1902, M 4.5; September 30, 1924, M 5.2; January 08, 1931, M 4.9; October 19, 1939, M 5.3; October 14, 1952, M 4.5; August 19, 1979, M 4.8; March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329135.

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This Open File Report provides the available macroseismic information for the seven largest moderate earthquakes that occurred in the Charlevoix Seismic Zone between 1870 and 2021. These earthquakes and their moment magnitude (M) are: 1) February 3, 1902, M 4.5; 2) September 30, 1924, M 5.2; 3) January 08, 1931, M 4.9; 4) October 19, 1939, M 5.3; 5) October 14, 1952, M 4.5; 6) August 19, 1979, M 4.8; 7) March 6, 2005, M 4.7. Five, possibly six, of these seven earthquakes occurred in the northeast portion of the CSZ, where the largest event of the period, the 1925 M 6.2 earthquake, also occurred. For each locality where the earthquakes were felt, macroseismic information is given and interpreted on the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. The original mail questionnaires filled by postmasters for earthquakes no. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are lost. Consequently, the main sources of information are the newspaper accounts except for no. 7 for which web-based questionnaires are available. The macroseismic information from localities in Canada and in the US (from NOAA) are tabulated in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Most newspaper clippings that have macroseismic information are included. The Open File also provides Google Earth kmz files that allow the felt information reports to be viewed in a spatial tool.
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Bent, A. L. Seismographs for historic Canadian earthquakes: the 18 November 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194327.

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Pitarka, A. Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake Using 3DFinite Element Method. Sensitivity Analysis of Slip Rate Function to ModelParameters of Crustal Weak-Zone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1845214.

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Brent, A. L., i H. K. C. Perry. Focal mechanisms for Eastern Canadian earthquakes:1994-1995. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/212833.

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Chung, Riley M., H. S. Lew, Andrew W. Taylor i William D. Walton. 1994 Northridge earthquake:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5396.

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Todd, Diana, Diana Todd, Nicholas Carino, Riley M. Chung, H. S. Lew, Andrew W. Taylor, William D. Walton, James D. Cooper i Roland Nimis. 1994 Northridge earthquake. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.862.

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Lamontagne, M., K. B. S. Burke i L. Olson. Felt reports and impact of the November 25, 1988, magnitude 5.9 Saguenay, Quebec, earthquake sequence. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328194.

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The November 25, 1988, moment magnitude 5.9 (Mw) Saguenay earthquake is one of the largest eastern Canadian earthquakes of the 20th century. It was preceded by a magnitude (MN) 4.7 foreshock and followed by very few aftershocks considering the magnitude of the main shock. The largest aftershock was a magnitude (MN) 4.3 event. This Open File (OF) Report presents a variety of documents (including original and interpreted felt information, images, newspaper clippings, various engineering reports on the damage, mass movements). This OF updates the report of Cajka and Drysdale (1994) with additional material, including descriptions of the foreshock and largest aftershock. Most of the felt report information come from replies of a questionnaire sent to postmasters in more than 2000 localities in Canada and in the United States. Images of the original felt reports from Canada are included. The OF also includes information gathered in damage assessments and newspaper accounts. For each locality, the interpreted information is presented in a digital table. The fields include the name, latitude and longitude of the municipality and the interpreted intensity on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale (most of which are the interpretations of Cajka and Drysdale, 1996). When available or significant, excerpts of the felt reports are added. This OF Report also includes images from contemporary newspapers that describe the impact. In addition, information contained in post-earthquake reports are discussed together with pictures of damage and mass movements. Finally, a GoogleEarth kmz file is added for viewing the felt information reports within a spatial tool.
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Johnson, A. M. Character and origins of ground rupturing and ground deformation during the 28 June 1992 Landers, California earthquake (as well as the 1989 Loma Prieta and 1994 Northridge earthquakes). Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674695.

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Wetmiller, R. J., i J. A. Drysdale. Eastern Canadian earthquakes 1992. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/184130.

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