Gotowa bibliografia na temat „1997 k-589”

Experiments were conducted on high-energy surface treatment of a structural steel substrate with a flow of tungsten, nickel, and titanium nitride powder particles. The impact pressure of the steel target and particles accelerated by explosion energy was estimated using the momentum conservation equation and the linear equation of the particle material shock adiabat. It was found that the impact pressure of the target and particles is 62 GPa for a tungsten particle, 48 GPa for a nickel particle, and 41 GPa for a titanium nitride particle. The heating temperature of particles during their collision with the steel target surface was calculated taking into account the conditions of mass and momentum conservation at the shock wave front. The maximum heating temperature of particles at the point of their collision with the substrate surface (at a particle velocity of 2000 m/s) is 1103 K for tungsten particles, 755 K for nickel particles, and 589 K for titanium nitride particles. It was shown that the steel target strength increases when it is subjected to high-energy treatment with a flow of particles. The maximum hardening of the steel target surface layer increases by 32–55 % compared to initial microhardness and is observed at a depth of 2–4 mm from the treatment surface. Then it decreases to the value of starting material microhardness (170 HV) at a distance of 15–20 mm from the treated surface.

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Henderson (eds.) - Peter Boomgaard, Tony Whitten, The ecology of Java and Bali. [Singapore]: Periplus Editions, 1996, xxiii + 969 pp. [The Ecology of Indonesia Series 2.], Roehayat Emon Soeriaatmadja, Surya A. Afiff (eds.) - Han Knapen, Kathy MacKinnon, The ecology of Kalimantan. [Singapore]: Periplus Editions, 1996, xxiv + 802 pp., tables, figures, boxes, index. [The Ecology of Indonesia Series 3.], Gusti Hatta, Hakimah Halim (eds.) - Bernice de Jong Boers, Manon Ossewiejer, Kathryn A. Monk, The ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. [Singapore]: Periplus Editions, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, xvii + 966 pages, tables, figures, boxes, annexes, appendixes, index. [The Ecology of Indonesia Series 5.], Yance de Fretes, Gayatri Reksodiharjo-Lilley (eds.) - Freek Colombijn, Tomas Tomascik, The ecology of the Indonesian seas [2 volumes]. Hong Kong: Periplus, 1997, xiv + vi + 1388 pp., photographs, figures, tables, indexes. 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Streaming potential in rocks is the electrical potential developing when an ionic fluid flows through the pores of rocks. The zeta potential is a key parameter of streaming potential and it depends on many parameters such as the mineral composition of rocks, fluid properties, temperature etc. Therefore, the zeta potential is different for various rocks and liquids. In this work, streaming potential measurements are performed for five rock samples saturated with six different monovalent electrolytes. From streaming potential coefficients, the zeta potential is deduced. The experimental results are then explained by a theoretical model. From the model, the surface site density for different rocks and the binding constant for different cations are found and they are in good agreement with those reported in literature. The result also shows that (1) the surface site density of Bentheim sandstone mostly composed of silica is the largest of five rock samples; (2) the binding constant is almost the same for a given cation but it increases in the order KMe(Na+) < KMe(K+) < KMe(Cs+) for a given rock.References Corwin R. F., Hoovert D.B., 1979. The self-potential method in geothermal exploration. Geophysics 44, 226-245. Dove P.M., Rimstidt J.D., 1994. Silica-Water Interactions. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 29, 259-308. Glover P.W.J., Walker E., Jackson M., 2012. Streaming-potential coefficient of reservoir rock: A theoretical model. Geophysics, 77, D17-D43. Ishido T. and Mizutani H., 1981. Experimental and theoretical basis of electrokinetic phenomena in rock-water systems and its applications to geophysics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 86, 1763-1775. Jackson M., Butler A., Vinogradov J., 2012. Measurements of spontaneous potential in chalk with application to aquifer characterization in the southern UK: Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology, 45, 457-471. Jouniaux L. and T. Ishido, 2012. International Journal of Geophysics. Article ID 286107, 16p. Doi:10.1155/2012/286107. Kim S.S., Kim H.S., Kim S.G., Kim W.S., 2004. Effect of electrolyte additives on sol-precipitated nano silica particles. Ceramics International 30, 171-175. Kirby B.J. and Hasselbrink E.F., 2004. Zeta potential of microfluidic substrates: 1. Theory, experimental techniques, and effects on separations. Electrophoresis, 25, 187-202. Kosmulski M., and Dahlsten D., 2006. High ionic strength electrokinetics of clay minerals. Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicocemical and Engineering Aspects, 291, 212-218. Lide D.R., 2009, Handbook of chemistry and physics, 90th edition: CRC Press. Luong Duy Thanh, 2014. Electrokinetics in porous media, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016a. Zeta potential in porous rocks in contact with monovalent and divalent electrolyte aqueous solutions, Geophysics, 81, D303-D314. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016b. Permeability dependence of streaming potential coefficient in porous media. Geophysical Prospecting, 64, 714-725. Luong Duy Thanh and Sprik R., 2016c. Laboratory Measurement of Microstructure Parameters of Porous Rocks. VNU Journal of Science: Mathematics-Physics 32, 22-33. Mizutani H., Ishido T., Yokokura T., Ohnishi S., 1976. Electrokinetic phenomena associated with earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 3, 365-368. Ogilvy A.A., Ayed M.A., Bogoslovsky V.A., 1969. Geophysical studies of water leakage from reservoirs. Geophysical Prospecting, 17, 36-62. Onsager L., 1931. Reciprocal relations in irreversible processes. I. Physical Review, 37, 405-426. Revil A. and Glover P.W.J., 1997. Theory of ionic-surface electrical conduction in porous media. Physical Review B, 55, 1757-1773. Scales P.J., 1990. Electrokinetics of the muscovite mica-aqueous solution interface. Langmuir, 6, 582-589. Behrens S.H. and Grier D.G., 2001. The charge of glass and silica surfaces. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 115, 6716-6721. Stern O., 1924. Zurtheorieder electrolytischendoppelschist. Z. Elektrochem, 30, 508-516. Tchistiakov A.A., 2000. Physico-chemical aspects of clay migration and injectivity decrease of geothermal clastic reservoirs: Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, 3087-3095. Wurmstich B., Morgan F.D., 1994. Modeling of streaming potential responses caused by oil well pumping. Geophysics, 59, 46-56.

Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) are the most serious viral pathogens in the production of ornamental plants in Europe and North America (1). During a survey for the presence of tospoviruses in July 2012, potted begonia hybrids (Begonia × tuberhybrida Voss) exhibiting foliar chlorotic rings and zonal spots accompanied by leaf necrosis and distortion, were observed in a greenhouse in the vicinity of Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Leaf samples collected from 12 symptomatic plants were analyzed for the presence of INSV and TSWV by commercial double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA kits (Bioreba AG, Reinach, Switzerland). Commercial positive and negative controls and extracts from healthy begonia leaves were included in each ELISA. INSV was detected serologically in all 12 begonia samples and all tested samples were negative for TSWV. Five healthy plants of each Petunia × hybrida and Nicotiana benthamiana were mechanically inoculated with sap from an ELISA-positive sample (157-12) using chilled 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7) containing 0.1% sodium sulphite. Local necrotic lesions on P. × hybrida and systemic chlorotic mottling on N. benthamiana were observed on all inoculated plants 4 and 10 days post-inoculation, respectively. For further confirmation of INSV infection, total RNAs were extracted from all ELISA-positive begonia plants as well as mechanically inoculated N. benthamiana plants with the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and used as template in reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. RT-PCR was performed with the OneStep RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen) using primer pair INSV-589 and TOS-R15 (3), specific to the partial INSV nucleocapsid (N) gene. Total RNA obtained from Serbian INSV isolate from a begonia (GenBank Accession No. HQ724289) and RNA extracts from healthy begonia plants were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. All naturally and mechanically infected plants as well as the positive control yielded an amplicon of the expected size (589 bp), while no amplification products were obtained from the healthy controls. The RT-PCR product derived from the isolate 157-12 was sequenced directly after purification with QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) and submitted to GenBank (KC494869). Pairwise comparison of the 157-12 isolate N sequence with other homologous sequences available in GenBank, conducted using MEGA5 software (2), revealed that begonia isolate from Bosnia and Herzegovina showed the highest nucleotide identity of 99.7% (100% amino acid identity) with the Chinese INSV isolate (FN400772) originating from Oncidium sp. To our knowledge, this is the first report of INSV on begonia in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Begonias are very popular and widely grown ornamentals in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the presence of a new and devastating pathogen could represent a serious threat for its production. Since begonia is commonly grown together with numerous ornamental plants susceptible to INSV, further investigations are needed in order to prevent spread of this potentially harmful pathogen to new hosts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. References: (1) M. L. Daughtrey et al. Plant Dis. 81:1220, 1997. (2) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731, 2011. (3) H. Uga and S. Tsuda. Phytopathology 95:166, 2005.

Reports excavations in areas thought to encompass the donjon and hall respectively. Traces of an early curtain wall predating the north tower were found. At ground level, two window embrasures were revealed in the east wall of the building and, on its south side, a doorway into a passage linking with the east range. In the late seventeenth or eighteenth century the passage was blocked and a fireplace inserted into the north gable of the east range, which was occupied at least until the late eighteenth century. There are specialist reports on: `Sculptured stones' by Pamela Graves (576--8); `Coins' by Nicholas M McQ Holmes (578--9); `Other small finds' by David Caldwell (579--87); `Pottery' by Helen Smith (587 & 589) followed by `Medieval and post-medieval pottery' by Robert S Will (589--90); `Clay tobacco pipes' by Dennis B Gallagher (590--6); `Vessel glass' by K R Murdoch (596--7); The environmental evidence begins with `Charcoal' by Sheila Boardman (597), followed by `Faunal remains' by Tanya O'Sullivan & Jennifer Thoms (597--8).

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MOD5 gene encodes proteins that function in three subcellular locations: mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and nuclei (M. Boguta, L.A. Hunter, W.-C. Shen, E. C. Gillman, N. C. Martin, and A. K. Hopper, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:2298-2306, 1994; E. C. Gillman, L. B. Slusher, N. C. Martin, and A. K. Hopper, Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:2382-2390, 1991). A mutant allele of MOD5 encoding a protein (Mod5p-I,KR6) located predominantly in mitochondria was constructed. Mutants defective in delivering Mod5p-I,KR6 to mitochondria were sought by selecting cells with increased cytosolic activity of this protein. Twenty-five mutants defining four complementation groups, mdp1, mdp2, mdp3, and mdp4, were found. They are unable to respire at 34 degrees C or to grow on glucose medium at 38 degrees C. Cell fractionation studies showed that mdp1, mdp2, and mdp3 mutants have an altered mitochondrial-cytoplasmic distribution of Mod5p. mdp2 can be suppressed by ACT1, the actin-encoding gene. The actin cytoskeleton organization is also aberrant in mdp2 cells. MDP2 is the same as VRP1 (S. F. H. Donnelly, M. J. Picklington, D. Pallotta, and E. Orr, Mol. Microbiol. 10:585-596, 1993). MDP3 is identical to PAN1, which encodes a protein that interacts with mRNA 3' ends and affects initiation of protein synthesis (A. B. Sachs and J. A. Deardoff, Cell 70:961-973, 1992). These results implicate the actin cytoskeleton and mRNA 3' ends and/or protein synthesis as being as important for protein distribution in S. cerevisiae as they are for distribution of cytosolic proteins in higher eukaryotes. This provides the potential to apply genetic and molecular approaches to study gene products and mechanisms involved in this type of protein distribution. The selection strategy also offers a new approach for identifying gene products involved in the distribution of proteins to their subscellular destinations.

It is difficult to introduce highly versatile automation using robots to handling deformable objects such as thread, cloth, wire, long beams, and thin plates in plant production processes, compared to the handling of rigid objects. Office equipment handles deformable objects such as paper and plastic. Problems unique to these objects is caused by speeding up such equipment and demand for upgrading its accuracy. In agriculture and medical care, automatic, intelligent handling of deformable objects such as fruit and animals has long been desired and practical systems sought. Deformable objects whose handling should be versatiley and accurately automated are classified into two groups based on handling: (A) Flexible, mostly thin, fine objects capable of elastic deformation (B) Soft objects easily crushed, such as soft fruits or animals The problem in handling the first group is controlling object deformation of an infinite degree of freedom with a finite number of manipulated variables. In contrast, a significant problem in handling the second group is often how to handle them without exerting excessive stress and how to handle them safely and reliably. The handling of these two groups differ greatly in mechanics and control theory, and this special issue focuses on the first group — flexible objects — mechanical collection and transport studies, control, and software. Recent studies on their handling are classified into four groups for convenience based on handled objects and types of handling task: (a) Control of deformation, internal force, and vibration or path planning of flexible objects (mainly thin plates and beams) using single or multiple manipulators. (b) Task understanding in insertion of elastic into rigid parts and vice versa, and the study of human skills to help robots accomplish these task. (c) Approaches on improved accuracy, intelligent control, and vibration damping in handling and transfer of sheets and strings with low flexural rigidity, represented by paper or wire. (d) Strategies for grasping and unfolding sheets such as cloth whose flexural rigidity is almost nil. For (a), studies are active on deformation control by two robot hands attempting to grasp cloth. 1-3) In the automobile industry, so-called flexible fixtureless assembly systems are advancing in which two robots process or assemble parts in mid-air without a fixed table to reduce lead time and cost. These systems are mostly developed assuming handled parts are rigid. Nguyen et al. work assuming parts such as sheet metal whose deformation must be taken into consideration.1) Nakagaki et al. propose form estimation that considers even plastic deformation in wire handling by robots, in connection with the development of robots for electric wire installation.4) Many studies cover flexible wire as elastic beams,3-9) but comparatively few focus on bending deformation of thin plates. This special edition includes a paper by Kosuge et al. on thin-plate deformation control. Vibration control of grasped objects becomes important as speed increases. Matsuno kindly contributed his paper on optimum path planning in elastic plate handling. In controlling the deformation of elastic bodies, the mechanics of objects handled is often unknown. This special issue features a paper by Kojima et al. on an approach to this problem by adaptive feed-forward control. For (b), we consider three cases: (1) A cylindrical rigid body inserted into a hole on an elastic plate. (2) An elastic bar inserted into a hole on a rigid body. (3) A tubular elastic body put on a cylindrical rigid body. This special issue carries papers on these problems by Brata et al., Matsuno et al., and Hirai. For (2), a paper by Nakagaki et al.10) covers electric wire installation. For (3), the paper by Shima et al.11) covers insertion of a rigid axis into an elastic hose. Robot skill acquisition is an important issue in robotics in general, and the above papers should prove highly interesting and information because they treat studies by comparing robot and human skills in accomplishing work and acquiring concrete skills knowledge. For (c), attempts are made to theoretically analyze sheet handling mechanisms and control developed based on trial and error, and to structure design theory based on such analysis. These attempts are related to the increased accuracy and speed and enhanced intelligence of sheet-handling office automation equipment such as printers, facsimile machines, copiers, and automated teller machines. Yoshida et al. conducted a series of studies on the effects of guides forming paper feed paths and of inertia force of paper by approximating sheets with a chain of discrete masses and springs.12-14) This special edition also features a study on sheet sticking and jamming. Okuna et al. handles a system of similar nature, mechanical studying the form of paper guides.15) Introducing mechanisms to control the positioning of sheets is effective in raising sheet transfer accuracy. Feedback control that regulates feed roller skew angle as a manipulated variable is proposed.16) Increased reliability in separating single sheets from stacked effectively reduces the malfunction rate in sheet-handling equipment. Ways of optimizing the form of sheet-separation rollers17) and estimating frictional force between separation gates and sheets 18) are also proposed. This special issue contains a proposal by Nakazawa et al. of a mechanism that uses reactive sheet buckling force, made in connection with development of a newspaper page turner for the disabled as technology for separating single sheets. Dry frictional force is most widely used for transporting sheets, but is not stable and may even act as an obstacle to improving accuracy. Niino et al. propose a sheet transfer mechanism that uses electrostatic force.19) For improving the accuracy of flexible wire transmission, this special issue carries a study on transporting flexible thin wire through tension control at multiple points, from a study by Morimitsu et al. on optical fiber installation. The thickness of wire used in equipment is becoming increasingly slim and flexible, along with the equipment it is used in. Tension control in the production process is an important factor in the manufacture of such thin wire. Production efficiency constantly calls for increased transfer speed. It has thus become important to estimate air resistance and inertia and to measure and control the tension of running wire. Studies20,21) by Batra, Fraser, et al. which deal the motion of string in the spinning process provide good examples for learning analytical techniques for air drag and inertia. In string vibration where inertia dominates, attempts are made to control vibration by boundary shaking22,23) and feed-forward/back control.24) For (d), highly versatile robots for handling cloth are being developed, and the software technology for automatic cloth selection and unfolding by robot hands is a popular topic.25-27) Ono et al. comment on the nature of problems in developing intelligent systems for handling cloth and similar objects whose bending rigidity is low and which readily fold and overlap—a paper that will prove a good reference in basic approaches in this field. Mechanical analyses are indispensable to studies on (a) through (c). In contrast, information technology such as characteristic variable measurement, image processing, and discrimination, rather than mechanical analyses, play an important roles in studies on (d). This special issue features a study by Hamashima, Uraya et al. on cloth unfolding as an example of such studies. Studies up to now largely assumed that properties of grasped objects did not change environmental influences such as temperature and humidity. Such influence is often, however, a major factor in handling fiber thread and cloth. This special issue has a paper contributed by Taylor, who studies handling method to prevent influence by such environmental factors. The objective of this special issue will have been achieved if it aids those studying the handling of flexible objects by providing approaches and methodologies of researchers whose target objects differ and if it aids those planning to take up study in this field by providing a general view of this field. References: 1) Nguyen, W. and Mills, J., ""Multi-Robot Control For Plexible Fixtureless Assembly of Flexible Sheet Metal Auto Body Parts,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2340-2345, (1996). 2) Sun, D. and Shi, X. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Cooperation of Two-Arm Robotic System Manipulating a Deformable Object,"" Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2346-2351, (1996). 3) Kosuge, K., Sakaki, M., Kanitani, K., Yoshida, H. and Fukuda, T., ""Manipulation of a Flexible Object by Dual Manipulators,"" IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 318-323, (1995). 4) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K., Ogasawara, T. and Tukune H., ""Handling of a Flexible Wire -Detecting a Deformed Shape of the Wire by Vision and a Force Sensor,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'96), 207-210, (1996). 5) Wakamatsu, H., Hirai, S. and Iwata, K., ""Static Analysis of Deformable Object Grasping Based on Bounded Force Closure,"" Trans. of JSML, 84-618 (C), 508-515, (1998). 6) Katoh, R. and Fujmoto, T., ""Study on Deformation of Elastic Object By Manipulator -Path Planning of End -Effector-,"" J. of the Robotics Society of Japan, 13-1, 157-160, (1995). 7) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Inooka, M., ""Stability of Control System in Handling a Flexible Object by Rigid Arm Robots,"" JSME Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 169-172, (1995). 8) Yukawa, T., Uohiyama, M. and Cbinata, G., ""Handling of a Vibrating Flexible Structure by a Robot,"" Trans. JSME, 61-583, 938-943, (1995). 9) Sun, D. and Liu, Y., ""Modeling and Impedance Control of a Two-Manipulator System Handling a Flexible Beam,"" Trans. of the ASME, 119, 736-742, (1997). 10) Nakagaki, H., Kitagaki, K. and Tukune, H., ""Contact Motion in Inserting a Flexible Wire into a Hole,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 175-178, (1995). 11) Shimaji, S., Brata, A. and Hattori, H., ""Robot Skill in Assembling a Cylinder into an Elastic Hose,"" Annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ROBOMEC'95), 752-755, (1995). 12) Yoshida, K. and Kawauchi, M., ""The Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (1st Reprt, Study of Spring-Mass Beam Model of the Sheet,"" Trans. of JSME, 58-552, 1474-1480, (1992). 13) Yoshida, K., ""Analysis of Deformation and Behavior of Flexible Materials (2nd Report, Static Analysis for Deformation of the Sheet in the Space Formed by Guide Plates),"" Trans. JSME, 60-570, 501-507, (1994). 14) Yoshida, K., ""Dynamic Analysis of Sheet Defofmation Using Spring-Mass-Beam Model,"" Trans. JSME, 63-615, 3926-3932 (1997). 15) Okuna, K., Nishigaito, T. and Shina, Y., ""Analysis of Paper Deformation Considering Guide Friction (Improvement of Paper Path for Paper-Feeding Mechanism),"" Trans. JSME, 60-575, 2279-2284, (1994). 16) Fujimura, H. and Ono, K., ""Analysis of Paper Motion Driven by Skew-Roll Paper Feeding System,"" Trans. JSME, 62-596, 1354-1360, (1996). 17) Shima, Y., Hattori, S., Kobayashi, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Optimum of Gate-Roller Shape in Paper Isolating Methods,"" Conference of Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'96), 61-62, (1996). 18) Suzuki, Y, Hattori, S., Shima, Y. and Ukai, M., ""Contact Analysis of Paper in Gate-Roller Handling Method"", Conference on Information, Intelligence and Precision Equipment (IIP'95), 19-20, (1995). 19) Niino, T., Egawa, S. and Higuchi, T., ""An Electrostatic Paper Feeder,"" J. of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 60-12,1761-1765, (1994). 20) Batra, S., Ghosh, T. and Zeidman, M., ""An Integrated Approach to Dynamic Analysis of the Ring Spinning Process , PartII: With Air Drag,"" Textile Research Journal, 59, 416-424, (1989). 21) Fraser, W., Ghosh, T. and Batra, S., ""On Unwinding Yarn from a Cylindrical Package,"" Proceedings of Royal Society of London, A, 436, 479-438, (1992). 22) Jacob, S., ""Control of Vibrating String Using Impedance Matching,"" Proceedings of the American Control Conference (San Francisco),468-472, (1993). 23) Lee, S. and Mote, C., ""Vibration Control of an Axially Moving String by Boundary Control,"" Trans. of the ASME, J. of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 118, 66-74, (1996). 24) Ying, S. and Tan, C., ""Active Vibration Control of the Axially Moving String Using Space Feedforward and Feedback Controllers,"" Trans. ASME, J. of Vibration and Acoustics, 118, 306-312, (1996). 25) Ono, E., Ichijo, H. and Aisaka, N., ""Flexible Robotic Hand for Handling Fabric Pieces in Garment Manufacture,"" International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 4-5,18-23, (1992). 26) Paraschidis, K., Fahantidis, N, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G, ""A Robotic System for Handling Textile and Non Rigid Flat Materials,"" Computers in Industry, 26, 303-313, (1995). 27) Fahantidis, N., Paraschidis, K, Petridis, V., Doulgeri, Z., Petrou, L. and Hasapis, G., ""Robot Handling of Flat Textile Materials,"" IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, 4-1, 34-41, (1997).

Let [Formula: see text] be a knot, G be the knot group, K be its commutator subgroup, and x be a distinguished meridian. Let Σ be a finite abelian group. The dynamical system introduced by Silver and Williams in [Augmented group systems and n-knots, Math. Ann.296 (1993) 585–593; Augmented group systems and shifts of finite type, Israel J. Math.95 (1996) 231–251] consisting of the set Hom (K, Σ) of all representations ρ : K → Σ endowed with the weak topology, together with the homeomorphism [Formula: see text] is finite, i.e. it consists of several cycles. In [Periodic orbits of a dynamical system related to a knot, J. Knot Theory Ramifications20(3) (2011) 411–426] we found the lengths of these cycles for Σ = ℤ/p,p is prime, in terms of the roots of the Alexander polynomial of the knot, mod p. In this paper we generalize this result to a general abelian group Σ. This gives a complete classification of depth 2 solvable coverings over [Formula: see text].

The ε values in the internal cation mobilities of (Li,K,Cs)NO3 of the eutectic composition (35.2-39.8-25.0 mol%) in the temperature range from 453 to 673 K were measured by Klemm's countercurrent electromigration method, where e is defined as (bi-bj)/ba; ba is the average internal cation mobility and the subscripts i and j refer to any two out of these three cations. The conductivity was measured by a direct current method. From these data and the molar volume calculated from those of the pure salts on the assumption of additivity, the internal cation mobilities, bLi , bK and bCs, have been calculated. The bLi is well expressed by the empirical equation presented for binary alkali nitrates; the negative devia-tion for bK and bCs may be accounted for on the assumption of the tranquilization effect of Li+. The orders of those internal cation mobilities are bCs<bK<bLi at 453-473 K, bCs<bLi<bK at 473 -583 K, and bLi<bCs<bK at 583-673 K. These orders can be interpreted in terms of the dynamic dissociation model previously presented.

Elemental Na has been the tracer of choice for the generation of high altitude (mesospheric) guide stars because of its relatively large natural abundance and large absorption cross section. Dye based systems using Na are currently under development for several large aperture telescopes. However, robust solid state laser technology to generate high power narrow linewidth light at 589 nm has progressed slowly. Here we consider both the tracer and the transmitter technology and show that using either the K D1 line at 769 nm or the 372 nm line of Fe (a 5D-z 5F°) for the tracer may provide robust solutions until solid state Na transmitter technology can be more fully developed. The comparable performance is primarily due to the fact that both lines can be generated with existing solid state materials (Alexandrite, Ti:Sapphire).

A periodic wave structure with a vertical wave length of about 2 km between 12 and 19 km has been identified in Rayleigh lidar measurements at 589 nm of low altitude relative density profiles that were made by the University of Illinois group during the March/April Arecibo Initiative for Dynamics of the Atmosphere (AIDA) 1989 campaign effort. The equivalent temperature fluctuations are several degrees in magnitude. Also seen in one series of three successive nights were temperature fluctuations of about 10 °K at altitudes of 25 km with a vertical extent of 1 km. Both of these phenomena show a downward phase speed between 1 and 3 cm/s. The lower periodic structure is believed to be the same phenomenon seen previously in 430 MHz measurements of winds obtained at Arecibo Observatory. The identity of this structure remains uncertain. Cornish and Larsen [1989] and Sato and Woodman [1982a] considered this structure to be a quasi-inertial long period wave. Hines [1989] proposed instead the identification of this structure with a stationary wave system generated by orographic waves caused by the interaction of the sub-tropical tradewinds with the mountainous terrain of Puerto Rico. The higher altitude feature seen in the AIDA lidar observations is believed to be a manifestation of a region of clear air turbulence, which is known to occur in the lower stratosphere.

The thermal aspects of a safety analysis for shipment of the West Valley melter are presented. The West Valley melter was used from 1996 to 2002 to vitrify regionally sourced high level radioactive waste. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) set up the West Valley Demonstration Project to encase this melter and grout it in low density cellular concrete, for disposal. DOE-West Valley requested the Savannah River National Laboratory to prepare a Safety Analysis Report. The thermal portion of the safety analysis covers Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT) and Hypothetical Accidents Conditions (HAC), as defined in the Code of Federal Regulations. For NCT, it is assumed that the encased melter is stored in either shade or direct sunlight at an ambient temperature of 311 K (100 °F). The defining HAC is exposure to a 1075 K (1475 °F) fire for 30 minutes. Finite element computer models were used to compute temperature profiles for NCT and HAC, given the thermal properties of the melter and its contents and tabulated radiolytic heating source concentrations. The resulting temperature conditions were used to estimate the pressurization due to evaporation of water from the concrete. The maximum calculated gauge pressures were determined to be 81 kPa (12 psig) for NCT and 580 kPa (84 psig) for HAC.

The use of premix combustion in stationary gas turbines can produce very low levels of NOx emissions. This benefit is widely recognized, but turbine developers routinely encounter problems with combustion oscillations during the testing of new pre mix combustors. Because of the associated pressure fluctuations, combustion oscillations must be eliminated in a final combustor design. Eliminating these oscillations is often time-consuming and costly because there is no single approach to solve an oscillation problem. Previous investigations of combustion stability have focused on rocket applications, industrial furnaces, and some aeroengine gas turbines. Comparatively little published data is available for premised combustion at conditions typical of an industrial gas turbine. In this paper, we report experimental observations of oscillations produced by a fuel nozzle typical of industrial gas turbines. Tests are conducted in a specially designed combustor, capable of providing the acoustic feedback needed to study oscillations. Tests results are presented for pressures up to 10 atmospheres, and with inlet air temperatures to 588 K (600 F) burning natural gas fuel. Based on theoretical considerations, it is expected that oscillations can be characterized by a nozzle reference velocity, with operating pressure playing a smaller role. This expectation is compared to observed data, showing both the benefits and limitations of characterizing the combustor oscillating behavior in terms of a reference velocity rather than other engine operating parameters. This approach to characterizing oscillations is then used to evaluate how geometric changes to the fuel nozzle will affect the boundary between stable and oscillating combustion.

InP-based strained-layer (SL) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers operating at a wavelength of 1.3 μm have attracted much interest due to their potential applications to fiber-in-the-loop (FITL) or fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) systems [1], [2]. For these applications, it becomes important to improve the temperature sensitivity of device properties over a wide range of operating temperatures. We have recently derived the basic design rule for highly-efficient operation of InP-based SL-MQW lasers at elevated temperatures [3]. The SL-MQW lasers fabricated according to this design rule have exhibited high external differential quantum efficiency over 58% in the temperature range up to 363 K [3]. In this paper, we present a theoretical and experimental study on the temperature sensitivity of the differential quantum efficiency and threshold current of 1.3-μm InP-based SL-MQW lasers.

Time delayed four-wave-mixing with incoherent light was used to study optical superposition state relaxation in sharp cut color filters (Coming CS2-58 and CS2-59) at room temperature and in Nile Blue in ethanol at 4.5 K. Laser light a 6240 A with a 400 A bandwidth and nsec duration was split and directed to an interferometric setup which introduced a controlled delay between the two split components. The two pulses (components) with wave vectors K1 and K2 were recombined in the sample. The resulting induced emissions along the phase matched relative pulse delay. In the color filters, the traces became gradually asymmetric about zero delay as the optical density (thickness) of the samples was increased. This asymmetric character is due to inhomogeneous broadening. We understand this chagne to be due to a modification of the spectral range of the excitation. The traces indicate T2 is approximately 30 fs. For the Nile Blue dye in ethanol glass, we find that the S0-S1 transition is inhomogeneously broadened with a Tx of approximately 10 fs.

Education is one of the most important signs of social progress and throughout the years a twofold evolution has taken place: on the one hand, the providers of knowledge have evolved from schools and universities to the business community and on the other hand, the traditional receivers of knowledge have changed into creators of knowledge. Business organizations have become aware that the corporate involvement in the community by implementing social campaigns on education may trigger a higher degree of visibility and consolidate the stakeholder relationship management. Thus the well-known corporate social responsibility (CSR) syntagm, ?doing well by doing good? (Rawlins, 2005) has turned into a pervasive element of the organizational discourse. As the report on CSR of the European Commission and the Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion (2011) highlighted, CSR should not be ?an isolated practice or teaching subject but a cross-cutting approach embedded in the wider concept of sustainable development?. The economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic dimensions beyond every CSR activity should be integrated within the framework of campaigns which ?are often driven by reform efforts, actions that seek to make life or society or both better, as defined by emerging social values? (Dozier et. al, 2001). The final outcome of improving people?s life and/ or society involves stirring one?s awareness towards an issue. Investing into people?s education has become a pervasive issue for many organizations nowadays and non-formal education is a type of acquiring knowledge which the business community seems to prefer because it lies on social constructivism whose purposes are self-knowledge, development of identities, and belief that stakeholders can make a difference in the world (Oldfather et al., 1999). Within the age of Web 2.0 the traditional non-formal learning settings (museums, zoos, botanical gardens, planetariums and so on) have changed into online environments where features such as engaging, participating, connecting, collaborating, and sharing (Lee, Williams, Kim, 2012) prevail. Running a CSR 2.0 campaign on non-formal education implies that business organizations create these virtual environments where social media applications are used as a bidirectional information delivery system where stakeholders play an active role in the collaborative knowledge construction. As methodology, we will use the framing theory in order to provide the content analysis of the CSR 2.0 campaigns on non-formal education which were awarded at the Romanian PR Award in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Frames rely on the selection of some aspects of a perceived reality which are made more salient in a communicating (e-)text. We will provide a threefold analysis: a) a general framework of the Romanian CSR 2.0 campaigns on non-formal education taking into account R. Entman?s four frame types: problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation and treatment recommendation; b) a structural analysis of non-formal education virtual environments as a hybrid genre formed of multimodal resources; c) a comparative analysis of the online environments framed as treatment recommendations which were used in the awarded Romanian CSR 2.0 campaigns on education. The research questions will focus on four aspects: the salience of business organizations as providers of non-formal education; the dominance of the awarded thematic online environments; the types of social actions framed in the different thematic e-learning environments; the types of digital identities virtually assigned to stakeholders. References Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A., & Grunig, J. E. (2001). Public relations as communication campaign. In R. E. Rice, & Ch. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public communication campaigns. 3rd edition (pp. 231-248). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage Publications. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. Lee, K., Williams, M.K. & Kim, K. (2012). Learning through social technologies: facilitating learning experiences with Web 2.0 social media. In P. Resta (Ed.), Proceedings of Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference 2012 (pp. 560-565). Oldfather, P., West, J., White, J., & Wilmarth, J. (1999). Learning through children?s eyes. Social constructivism and the desire to learn. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association. Rawlins, B. L. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility. In R.L. Heath (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Public Relations (pp. 210-214). Thousand Oaks, London, New Delphi: Sage Publications. 210-214. CSR

Many studies have shown the trend that students’ conceptualisations of scientific phenomena are limited to the ontological category of objects. The ontological category of processes, on the other hand, is not developed enough to build valid scientific mental models (Chi , 2005; Ferrari and Chi, 1998; Vosniadou, 1991). A correct conceptualisation of any scientific concept results from a proper understanding of object properties and processes involving these objects. Moreover, Pata and Sarapuu (2003) have raised the problem that the traditional way to teach science is usually focused on the ontological category of objects. The active-learning idea, coming from constructivism, predicts that virtual manipulations improve deeper learning (Evans and Gibbons, 2007). With interactive activities, learners are the main actors of their own construction of scientific concepts. According to this approach, deeper conceptualisation will be enhanced when manipulations are possible. In the context of web-based learning, some manipulatives, which are defined as movable representations or movable objects on the computer screen (Moyer et al., 2002), can be used to create interactivity. This study investigates the students’ ontological understanding in a virtual learning environment and the effect of manipulatives on the students’ construction of ontological conceptions. More precisely, this work attempts to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the learners’ understanding about ontological category of objects comparing to ontological category of processes? (2) How do manipulatives and non-manipulatives help learners to conceptualise through ontological categories? A process-based virtual learning environment, “Cell World” (http://bio.edu.ee/models/fr/), was applied by 59 French students of junior year of high school in sciences (aged 16-17). The sample consisted of students from three average level French schools. The results presented in this paper were drawn from a pilot survey using the model translation of “Cell World”. In this model, students can move each manipulative from the store (on the left of the screen) to the area of animations where non-manipulatives are (on the right of the screen). If the selected manipulative is incorrect, learners receive a feedback which instructs them to drag the correct manipulative in order to continue the translation process. If the manipulative is correct, the animation continues so that students can observe interaction processes involving directly manipulatives (e.g. interaction between tRNA and mRNA) and/or only non-manipulatives (e.g. the fixing process of ribosome onto mRNA molecule). For leading students to use the environment correctly, a worksheet containing instructions was developed. Moreover, the worksheet also consisted of ten questions to investigate students’ understanding about ontological categories of objects (four questions) and processes (six questions). The questions about processes lead students to think in term of emergent interactions between objects. Questions about objects lead students to use factual knowledge about the properties of molecules. These questions involve also either manipulatives or non-manipulatives to investigate the role of interactivity on students’ conceptions. In order to obtain results about learners’ understanding of ontological categories, students were grouped according to their results about the two categories of questions, objects and processes: 43 students out of 59 expressed a high level of objects’ understanding – they obtained at least two-third of maximum points, whereas only 29 students expressed a high level of processes’ understanding. The Wilcoxon signed-ranks test also revealed significant differences (Z=-3.803, P<0.001) between the answers of the two categories of questions (objects and processes): 45 students demonstrated better performances concerning questions about objects than about processes, 13 answered better about objects and one was equal in both categories. Thus, the results provide evidence that the ontological category of processes is significantly less constructed and understood than the objects’ category. For studying the role of manipulatives on the student’s ontological categories of objects and processes, a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used. The test compared questions about objects involving manipulatives and questions about non-manipulatives: 45 students obtained better results about manipulable molecules, 10 students about non-manipulable and only 4 learners performed with non-manipulable as well as manipulable molecules (Z=-3.868, P<0.001). Another Wilcoxon signed-ranks test was used to compare students’ answers about processes when manipulatives or non-manipulatives were available in theses processes: 47 students obtained better results concerning category of processes when these processes involved manipulable molecules. Seven students performed better when processes involved non-manipulable molecule and 5 learners got the same results for manipulable and non-manipulable molecules (Z=-5.070, P<0.001). Thus, the great majority of the students showed better understanding in both ontological categories – objects and processes, when manipulatives were involved. In conclusion, these outcomes confirm precedent works: the ontological category of processes is not developed enough to build valid scientific mental models. Thus, the main challenge for teaching scientific phenomena is to lead learners to think through ontological category of processes. One possibility to help students to improve understanding in both ontological categories is to introduce manipulatives at most crucial aspects of a scientific model. -References: -Chi, M. T. H. (2005). Common sense conceptions of emergent processes: Why some misconceptions are robust. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14, 161–199. -Evans, C., Gibbons N. J. (2007). The interactivity effect in multimedia learning. Computers & Education, 49, 1147–1160. -Ferrari, M. & Chi, M. T. H. (1998). The nature of naive explanations of natural selection. International Journal of Science Education, 20(10), 1231-1256. -Moyer, P. S., & Bolyard, J. J. (2002). Exploring Representation in the Middle Grades: Investigations in Geometry with Virtual Manipulatives. The Australian Mathematics Teacher, 58(1), 19-25. -Pata, K. & Sarapuu, T. (2003). Framework for scaffolding the development of problem representationsby collaborative design. In B. Wasson, S. Ludvigsen & U. Hoppe (Eds.), Designing for Change in Networked Learning Environments. Proceedings of CSCL’ 2003 Conference. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 189-198. -Vosniadou, S. (1991). Conceptual development in astronomy. In S. M. Glynn & e. al. (Eds.), The Psychology of Learning Science. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 149-177.

Introduction: Maximal cardiac output (COmax) is one of the most important functional parameters related to cardiorespiratory capacity (VO2max) and physical fitness. In clinical medicine, low COmax values are a risk factor for imminent heart failure. Conversely, high COmax values are a prerequisite for achieving high performance in sports, especially in endurance disciplines. Methods: To determine the COmax, we used our own modification of the COmax calculation from the VO2max values obtained during the spiroergometric examination (Stork et al. - 1). Our work is based on the findings of Stringer et al (2), which documented a very close correlation between COmax values obtained by calculation and COmax values obtained by the classical method according to Fick's principle. Subjects: From our 20-year examination database, we included in this study 641 men (M) and 164 women (F) over 19 years of age who completed a stress test on a bicycle ergometer with a graded load to the maximum. To calculate COmax, we used the equation with which we have already worked in several of our earlier studies. We have divided the files into three groups according to different physical activity: group A included well-trained endurance-athletes, who had several years of sports training at the time of the examination. Group B included subjects who engaged in physical activity only in their free time without competing in any sports competition. Subjects with various health problems who either never played any sport at all or ended their sports career many years ago, were included in group C. Results: COmax in group M-A (n=462, COmax=28.38±4.47 l/min) was significantly higher than in groups M-B (n=143, COmax=19.4±3.7 l/min) and M-C (n=36, COmax=18.4±5.9 l/min). It was the same with the women's groups. COmax values in group F-A (n=58, COmax=20.7±3.7 l/min) were significantly higher than in groups F-B (n=88, COmax=12.8±2.3 l/min) and F-C (n=18, COmax=12.1±2.0 l/min). There were no significant differences in both M and F between groups C and D. The same findings were found when comparing maximal stroke volume (SVmax) values. Conclusions: Movement activity is a condition for the development and maintenance of the adaptive abilities of the cardiorespiratory system. The parameters measured in recreational sportsmen correspond to the average of a healthy average fit population. If physical activity is not part of a healthy lifestyle and, in addition, there are health problems (in our groups C obesity and resting and exertional chest pains are the most common), in many subjects from our groups C the COmax parameters are significantly below average and close to the level characterizing the NYHA-1 to NYHA-2 group according to cardiology classification. The results show, on the one hand, how important factor in health prevention is regular physical activity, and, on the other hand, the applicability of our modified method to determine non-invasively the maximum cardiac output. References: 1. Stork M., Novak J., Zeman V.: Noninvasive cardiac output estimation evaluated from spiroergometric stress test. International Conference on Applied Electronics. Zapadoceska Univerzita, Plzen, 2010: 331-334. 2. Stringer W.W., Hansen J.E., Wasserman K.: Cardiac output estimated noninvasively from oxygen uptake during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 908–912, 1997.

The Browns Hole quadrangle is in Weber and Cache Counties of northern Utah and covers the eastern part of Ogden Valley, a rapidly developing area of the Wasatch Range. The Middle and South Forks of the Ogden River bisect the quadrangle and are important watersheds and recreational areas to the communities of Ogden Valley and the Wasatch Front. The towns of Huntsville and Eden are just west of the quadrangle, unincorporated communities with year-round residents are present throughout the quadrangle, and numerous summer-cabin communities are present in the eastern part of the quadrangle. A portion of Powder Mountain ski resort, which draws year-round visitation and recreation, is present in the northwest corner of the quadrangle. The quadrangle contains the Willard thrust, a major thrust fault with approximately 30 mi (50 km) of eastward displacement that was active during the Cretaceous-Eocene Sevier orogeny (Yonkee and others, 2019). In the quadrangle, the Willard thrust places Neoproterozoic through Ordovician strata in the hanging wall over a fault-bounded lozenge of Cambrian strata and footwall Jurassic and Triassic strata (see cross section on Plate 2). Neoproterozoic strata comprise a succession of mostly clastic rocks deposited during rifting of western North America and breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia (Yonkee and others, 2014). These rocks include the Cryogenian-age Perry Canyon and Maple Canyon Formations, and the Ediacaran-age Kelley Canyon Formation, Papoose Creek Formation, Caddy Canyon Quartzite, Inkom Formation, Mutual Formation, and Browns Hole Formation. The Browns Hole Formation is a sequence of interbedded volcaniclastic rock and basalt lava flows that provides the only radiometric age control in the quadrangle. Provow and others (2021) reported a ~610 Ma detrital apatite U-Pb age from volcaniclastic sandstone at the base of the formation, Crittenden and Wallace (1973) reported a 580 ± 14 Ma K-Ar hornblende age for a volcanic clast, and Verdel (2009) reported a 609 ± 25 Ma U-Pb apatite age for a basalt flow near the top of the formation. Cambrian strata in the hanging wall include a thick basal clastic sequence (Geertsen Canyon Quartzite) overlain by a thick sequence of interbedded limestone, shale, and dolomite (Langston, Ute, and Blacksmith Formations). Hanging wall rocks are deformed by Willard thrust-related structures, including the Browns Hole anticline, Maple Canyon thrust, and numerous smaller folds and minor faults. Footwall rocks of the Willard thrust include highly deformed Cambrian strata within a fault-bounded lozenge exposed in the southern part of the quadrangle, and Jurassic and Triassic rocks exposed just south of the quadrangle. The Paleocene-Eocene Wasatch Formation unconformably overlies older rocks and was deposited over considerable paleotopography developed during late stages of the Sevier orogeny. The southwest part of the quadrangle is cut by a southwest-dipping normal fault system that bounds the east side of Ogden Valley. This fault is interpreted to have experienced an early phase of slip during local late Eocene to Oligocene collapse of the Sevier belt and deposition of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks (Norwood Tuff) exposed west of the quadrangle (Sorensen and Crittenden, 1979), and a younger phase of slip during Neogene Basin and Range extension (Zoback, 1983). Lacustrine deposits and shorelines of Pleistocene-age Lake Bonneville are present in the southwest corner of the quadrangle near the mouth of the South Fork of the Ogden River and record the highstand of Lake Bonneville (Oviatt, 2015). Pleistocene glacial deposits, present in the northwest corner of the map, are likely related to the Pinedale glaciation, commonly expressed by two moraine building episodes in the Wasatch Range (Quirk and others, 2020). Numerous incised alluvial deposits and geomorphic surfaces are present along major drainages and record pre- and post-Lake Bonneville aggradational and degradational alluvial and colluvial sequences. Mass-movement deposits, including historically active landslides, are present throughout the quadrangle. Crittenden (1972) mapped the Browns Hole quadrangle at 1:24,000 scale, which provided an excellent foundation for the general stratigraphy and structure, but the 1972 map lacked important details of unconsolidated surficial units. As part of 1:62,500 scale mapping of the Ogden 30'x60' quadrangle, Coogan and King (2016) updated stratigraphic nomenclature, revised some contacts, and added more details for surficial units. For this map, we utilized new techniques for data acquisition and analysis to delineate surficial deposits, bedrock contacts, and faults more accurately and precisely. Mapping and field data collection were largely done in 2021–2022 using a combination of GPS-enabled tablets equipped with georectified aerial imagery (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] National Agriculture Imagery Program [NAIP], 2009), orthoimagery (Utah Geospatial Resource Center [UGRC] State Geographic Information Database, 2018b, 2018c; 2021a, 2021b), and lidar data (UGRC State Geographic Information Database, 2006; 2011; 2013–2014; 2018a), previously published geologic maps, topographic maps, and applications for digital attitude collection. We also used hand-held GPS units, Brunton compasses, and field notebooks to collect geologic data. Field data were transferred to a Geographic Information System (GIS), where the map was compiled and completed.