Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / 1997

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „1997”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 30 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "1997"

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Luchin, Vladimir A., i Vladimir I. Matveev. "Interannual variability of thermal state of the cold subsurface layer in the Okhotsk Sea". Izvestiya TINRO 187, nr 4 (30.12.2016): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-187-205-216.

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Long-term variability of the cold subsurface water (CSW) in the Okhotsk Sea is analyzed on the base of all available oceanographic data collected in March through August of 1946-2015 (total 65,742 stations). The Integral Heat Content (IHC) is calculated for each station and average annual IHC anomalies of the cold subsurface water are determined by month and by 2-degree grid. The IHC anomaly series are analyzed using the EOF analysis. Cycles with period of approximately 30 years are revealed in the variations of the subsurface layer heat content. Thus, in the 1946-1950, its temperature decreased, but it grew since 2009-2010 to 2015. The warming of CSW was also observed in the 1951-1964 and 1978-1994, while the cooling was in the 1965-1977 and 1995-2008. Based on this criterion, the CSW thermal condition in certain years is classified as «extremely cold» in 2001, as «cold» in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2012, as «normal» in 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, as «warm» in 1948, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1974, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2015, and as «extremely warm» in 1963. Statistically significant correlation is found between changes of the CSW thermal conditions and long-term variations of atmosphere and ocean climate indices, as well as local patterns of the atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent onshore and offshore areas of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
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Sisk, Dorothy A. "Creative Leadership: A Study of Middle Managers, Senior Level Managers and CEOs". Gifted Education International 15, nr 3 (maj 2001): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142940101500306.

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Today's world is confronted with an increasingly complex society, explosive technological change, growing social demands and ever decreasing material and natural resources (Waterman, 1987; Bennis, 1989; Lodge, 1990; Carnes, 1992; Talbot, 1992 and Smith, 1995). World leaders are realizing the importance of judiciously employing the unique talent and creative energy of their citizens to these problems and issues (Peters & Waterman, 1982; Deming, 1986; McCrone, 1993; Woodman, Sawyer and Griffin (1993); Ainsworth-Land (1997); Mumford and Simonton (1997); Tesluk, Tarr and Kleim (1997); Diets, 1994 and Manz and Sims, 1996). This article will focus on a research study of the behaviors of individuals who were identified as demonstrating leadership effectiveness in their organizations. Attention was given to the role of leaders in developing leadership in co-workers to increase effectiveness and effect change in organizations.
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HICKIE, IAN, i ELIZABETH SCOTT. "Late-onset depressive disorders: a preventable variant of cerebrovascular disease?" Psychological Medicine 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 1998): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797006090.

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The severe depressive disorders of late life are associated with high rates of medical morbidity and mortality, cognitive impairment, suicide, disability, complex treatment regimens, institutionalization and high costs to the community (Murphy, 1983; Murphy et al. 1988; Bruce & Leaf, 1989; NIH Consensus Development Panel, 1992; Alexopoulos et al. 1993a, b; Brodaty et al. 1993; Bruce et al. 1994; Forsell et al. 1994; Hickie et al. 1995; Blazer, 1996). Those disorders that are accompanied by cognitive impairment and/or concurrent medical morbidity have a particularly poor outcome (Bruce & Leaf, 1989; Alexopoulos et al. 1993b; Hickie et al. 1995, 1997a). Although psychosocial models of late-life depression place considerable importance on age-related psychological and social risk factors, those who survive into later life may actually be characterized by psychological resilience (Henderson, 1994; Blazer, 1997).Current aetiological research in late-life depression, therefore, places particular emphasis on the potential role of biological risk factors. The potential importance of vascular risk factors is receiving renewed attention and may provide opportunities for specific prevention and intervention strategies in high-risk populations. This emphasis on possible vascular risk factors, and the wider importance of vascular pathologies in late-life neuropsychiatric disorders, mirrors the emphasis of much earlier clinico-pathological studies (Binswanger, 1894; Alzheimer, 1895). The specific focus on the importance of small progressive changes within the subcortical white matter, as distinct from more discrete cortical infarcts (Olszewski, 1962), is now supported by the emerging neuroimaging literature and theoretical constructs in late-life depression (Krishnan, 1991, 1993; Hickie et al. 1996, 1997b; Krishnan et al. 1997).
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CICCHETTI, DANTE, i J. LAWRENCE ABER. "Contextualism and developmental psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 10, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001540.

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The field of developmental psychopathology has grown rapidly over the past several decades and research conducted within this framework has made substantial contributions to our understanding of human adaptation and maladaptation (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995a, 1995b; Cicchetti & Richters, 1997; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998a). Influenced by the theoretical expositions of several prominent developmentalists, including Jay Belsky (1984), Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979), Robert Emde (1994), Donald Ford and Richard Lerner (1992), Michael Lewis (1997), Patricia Minuchin (1985), Arnold Sameroff (1983; Sameroff & Emde, 1989), Alan Sroufe (Sroufe, Egeland, & Kreutzer, 1990), and Esther Thelen and Linda Smith (1994), theorists have called attention to the importance of viewing the development of psychopathology within a continuously unfolding, dynamic, and ever changing context (see, for example, Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Aber, 1986; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998b; Coie & Jacobs, 1993; Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997; Richters & Cicchetti, 1993; Susman, 1993). Moreover, we now know that social contexts exert effects not only on psychological processes but also on biological structures and processes (Boyce, Frank, Jensen, Kessler, Nelson, Steinberg, et al., 1998; Cicchetti & Tucker, 1994; Eisenberg, 1995; Nelson & Bloom, 1997).
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Retallack, Gregory J. "Ordovician Life on Land and Early Paleozoic Global Change". Paleontological Society Papers 6 (listopad 2000): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000693.

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Many Paleontologists share the opinion of McGhee (1996), who wrote “Prior to the Devonian, there was no terrestrial ecosystem to speak of. Some primitive plants precariously establishing a beachhead in protected coastal areas was about it. The interiors of the continents of the planet Earth were as barren as the rocky landscapes of Mars.” Thus, it was with trepidation that I reported paleosols containing trace fossils of early land animals in the late Ordovician, Juniata Formation, of Pennsylvania (Retallack and Feakes, 1987; Retallack, 1992a, 1992b, 1993). My late colleague, Jane Gray, engendered considerable debate by reporting Ordovician and Early Silurian spores like those of liverworts (Gray and Boucot, 1977; Gray, 1985). This spore, trace fossil and paleosol evidence for life on land in the Ordovician has remained controversial (Buatois et al., 1998; Shear, 1998), but evidence for Ordovician life on land has continued to accumulate. Especially important was discovery of myriapod trackways from mid-Ordovician (Llandeilian-Caradocian) Borrowdale Volcanics of the Lake District, England (Johnson et al., 1994). Abundant arthropod burrows and tracks, and a single body fossil of an euthycarcinoid in the fluvial-eolian Tumblagooda Sandstone of Western Australia (White 1990; McNamara and Trewin, 1993; Trewin and McNamara, 1995) are now thought to be late Ordovician in age (Iaksy et al., 1998). An enigmatic assemblage of arthropods and plants from a mid-Ordovician paleokarst in Tennessee (Caster and Brooks, 1956) is now thought to have been lacustrine (Gray, 1988a). The fossil record of Ordovician land plants also has improved with the discovery of possible megafossil mosses (Snigirevskaya et al. 1992), and possible late Ordovician trilete spores (Nøhr-Hansen and Koppelhus, 1998; Richardson 1988; Strother, 1991; Strother et al., 1996). But the most abundant evidence for Ordovician life on land remains fossil soils, now exploited by increasingly thorough and sophisticated studies (Retallack, 1985, 1992a, 1992b, 1993; Feakes et al., 1989; Driese and Foreman 1991, 1992a, 1992b; Driese et al., 1992, 1997; Mora et al., 1991, 1996; Mora and Driese, 1993; Yapp and Poths, 1992, 1994, 1996; Yapp, 1993, 1996). Mounting evidence from fossils and paleosols now presents an increasingly detailed view of Ordovician ecosystems on land.
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Wesche, Marjorie, i T. Sima Paribakht. "INTRODUCTION". Studies in Second Language Acquisition 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 1999): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263199002016.

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In the 12 years since Studies in Second Language Acquisition published its first thematic collection on L2 lexical issues, “The use and acquisition of the second language lexicon,” edited by S. Gass (1987), the centrality of lexical development in second language acquisition has received ever increasing recognition from researchers (see, for example, volumes by Arnaud & Béjoint, 1992; Coady & Huckin, 1997; Haastrup, 1991; Haastrup & Viberg, 1998; Harley, 1995, 1996; Hatch & Brown, 1995; Huckin, Haynes, & Coady, 1993; Meara, 1992; Nation, 1990; Schmitt & McCarthy, 1997; Schreuder & Weltens, 1993; Tréville, 1993; Tréville & Duquette, 1996). The 1987 collection was a leading foray into new territory, following a period of relative neglect of the lexicon in SLA. The issues taken up by its authors were quite diverse, ranging from the organization and components of the L2 lexicon, to aspects of acquisition such as cross-linguistic influence, restructuring, and rate, to L2 lexical-use issues such as retrieval and access. Since that time, a large body of L2 research and theory has developed around these and other topics, and it has become possible to deal comprehensively with single core issues in L2 lexical acquisition from multiple perspectives. The current collection is one such attempt, offering a set of related papers on the topic of incidental L2 vocabulary acquisition. Unlike the 1987 collection, which argued for recognition of the importance of the lexicon in a field dominantly concerned with the acquisition of syntax, the authors of the present collection assume the central importance of lexical acquisition.
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Cergole, Maria Cristina, Suzana Anita Saccardo i Carmen L. D. B. Rossi-Wongtschowski. "Fluctuations in the spawning stock biomass and recruitment of the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) 1977-1997". Revista Brasileira de Oceanografia 50, unico (2002): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-77392002000100002.

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In the southeastern coast of Brazil, catches of the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis) have been decreasing from more than 200 thousand tons/year in the early '70s to about 32 thousand tons in 1990. From 1994 to 1997, catches recovered slightly (118 thousand tons), dropping then to about 20 thousand tons in 1999-2000. Extensive investigations on biology and stock assessment of Brazilian sardine have been developed in the '80s, providing stock biomass and recruitment estimates based on commercial fishing data obtained from 1977-1992. The present paper aims to update biological and stock assessment parameters from sardine data obtained during two acoustic surveys carried out in 1995 and commercial catches from the 1993-1997 period. Results from both cruises showed the weight-length relationship Wt=0.0000019. Lt3,26 (90-240 mm total length) and four age classes (mostly class II+). In the commercial catches, sardines belonged to ages 0+ and 3+ years old (mostly older than 1-year old) with 90-250 mm total length. Annual growth parameters were: Li=275 mm, K= 0.55 (1996), and Li=273 mm, K=0.50 (1997). Total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) coefficients were: Z= 3.8; M= 0.7 -1.2 (1996), and Z= 3.6; M= 0.6 - 1.1 (1997). The variation amplitude of M is due to the application of several different methods. Considering the historical series of 21 years of data (1977-1997), results showed that the stock went through two favorable periods (1980-84, 1989-94) and one unfavorable period (1985-89). 1997 seems to have been the beginning of a new unfavorable period, revealing recruitment cycles likewise other stocks from California and Japan.
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HUANG, JIA, LU GONG, SHUN-CHERN TSAUR, LIN ZHU, KEYING AN i HONGWEI CHEN. "Revision of the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from East Asia, with assessment of species delimitation using DNA barcodes". Zootaxa 4678, nr 1 (30.09.2019): 1–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4678.1.1.

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A total of 50 (43 known and seven new) species in the subgenus Phortica (sensu stricto) were surveyed and (re)described from China: P. bicornuta (Chen & Toda, 1997); P. bipartita (Toda & Peng, 1992); P. biprotrusa (Chen & Toda, 1998); P. cardua (Okada, 1977); P. chi (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996); P. conifera (Okada, 1977); P. eparmata (Okada, 1977); P. eugamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. excrescentiosa (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. fangae (Máca, 1993); P. flexuosa (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. foliata (Chen & Toda, 1997); P. gamma (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. gigas (Okada, 1977); P. glabtabula Chen & Gao, 2005; P. hainanensis (Chen & Toda, 1998); P. hongae (Máca, 1993); P. huazhii Cheng & Chen, 2008; P. iota (Toda & Sidorenko, 1996); P. jadete Zhu, Cao & Chen, 2018; P. kappa (Máca, 1977); P. lambda (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. latifoliacea Chen & Watabe, 2008; P. magna (Okada, 1960); P. okadai (Máca, 1977); P. omega (Okada, 1977); P. orientalis (Hendel, 1914); P. pangi Chen & Wen, 2005; P. paramagna (Okada, 1971); P. perforcipata (Máca & Lin, 1993); P. pi (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. protrusa (Zhang & Shi, 1997); P. pseudopi (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. pseudotau (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. psi (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. rhagolobos Chen & Gao, 2008; P. saeta (Zhang & Gan, 1986); P. setitabula Chen & Gao, 2005; P. subradiata (Okada, 1977); P. tau (Toda & Peng, 1990); P. uncinata Chen & Gao, 2005; P. unipetala Chen & Wen, 2005; P. allomega Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. archikappa Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. dianzangensis Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. imbacilia Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. liukuni Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; P. tibeta Gong & Chen, sp. nov.; and P. xianfui Gong & Chen, sp. nov. In addition, seven new synonyms were recognized: P. acongruens (Zhang & Shi, 1997), syn. nov.; P. antillaria (Chen & Toda, 1997), syn. nov.; P. kukuanensis Máca, 2003, syn. nov.; P. linae (Máca & Chen, 1993), syn. nov.; P. shillongensis (Singh & Gupta, 1979), syn. nov.; P. takadai (Okada, 1977), syn. nov.; and P. watanabei (Máca & Lin, 1993), syn. nov. A key to all Asian species (except for the eparmata species complex) of this subgenus was provided. All currently available DNA barcode (partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene) sequences of this subgenus (217 sequences of 54 species) are employed in a molecular analysis using different species delimitation methods. The results indicate that approximately 68.5% (37 of 54 spp.) of Phortica (s. str.) species could be clearly distinguished from closely related morphospecies or cryptic species.
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Crawford, Gary W., i Chen Shen. "The origins of rice agriculture: recent progress in East Asia". Antiquity 72, nr 278 (grudzień 1998): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00087494.

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Knowledge of rice domestication and its archaeological context has been increasing explosively of late. Nearly 20 years ago rice from the Hemudu and Luojiajiao sites (FIGURE 1) indicated that rice domestication likely began before 5000 BC (Crawford 1992; Lin 1992; Yan 1990). By the late 1980s news of rice from the south-central China Pengtoushan site a thousand years older than Hemudu began to circulate (Bellwood et al. 1992; Hunan 1990; Pei 1989). Undocumented news of sites having a median date of 11,500 BP with domesticated rice has recently made the rounds (Normile 1997). In addition, the first domesticated rice in Southeast Asia, once thought to be to be older than the first rice in China, is not as old as once thought (Glover & Higham 1996: 422; Higham 1995). Finally, wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) was reported to be growing in the Yangzi valley, well outside its purported original range, making domestication there plausible (Yan 1989; 1990; 1997). Significant progress continued to be made in the 1990s and unlike research on other major crops, the literature is generally not accessible to western scholars, with some exceptions (Ahn 1993; Crawford 1992; Glover & Higham 1996; Higham 1995; MacNeish et al. 1997; Underhill 1997).
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Serpagli, Enrico, Annalisa Ferretti, Robert S. Nicoll i Paolo Serventi. "The conodont genusTeridontus(Miller, 1980) from the Early Ordovician of Montagne Noire, France". Journal of Paleontology 82, nr 3 (maj 2008): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-081.1.

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The conodont genus Teridontus was introduced in 1980 by Miller and was based on the Late Cambrian species Oneotodus nakamurai Nogami, 1967 from the Yencho Member of the Fengshan Fm. of northeast China. Teridontus was later reported from either the Upper Cambrian or Lower Ordovician (Landing et al., 1980; Miller, 1980; Landing and Barnes, 1981; Landing, 1983; An et al., 1983, 1985; Ni et al., 1983; Peng et al., 1983; Nowlan, 1985; Landing et al., 1986; Bagnoli et al., 1987; An, 1987; Buggisch and Repetski, 1987; Pohler and Orchard, 1990; An and Zheng, 1990; Seo and Ethington, 1993; Wang, 1993; Lehnen, 1994; Nicoll, 1994; Seo et al., 1994; Ji and Barnes, 1994; Taylor et al., 1996; Lehnert et al., 1997; Jia, 2000; Dubinina, 2000; Pyle and Barnes, 2002; Zeballo et al., 2005) sediments in numerous localities around the world, but a unanimous interpretation of the composition of the Teridontus apparatus organization was far from accepted.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "1997"

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Arizona, University of. "1995-1996, 1996 -1997 Graduate Catalog". University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626624.

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Arizona, University of. "1997-1998, 1998-1999 Graduate Catalog". University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/580816.

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Arizona, University of. "1995-1996, 1996-1997 General Catalog". University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/580817.

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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Catalog, 1994-1997". College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612035.

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Library, University of Arizona, i Carla J. Stoffle. "Annual Report, 1997/1998". University of Arizona Library (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/124804.

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Liu, Chang-Cheng. "Saudi-Iranian relations, 1977-1997". Thesis, Durham University, 2003. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1731/.

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Arizona, University of. "1997-1998 General Academic Manual". University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623423.

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Kopec, David M., i Jeffrey J. Gilbert. "Overseed Greens Trial 1997-1998". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216391.

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Perennial ryegrass germplasm was quicker to establish plot cover on a "Tifgreen" bermudagrass green than that of Poa trivialis when used alone. Poa trivialis alone produced lighter color turfs when compared to perennial ryegrass. Turfgrass color was generally uniform in appearance, however, within each entry. Therefore, color as a selection criteria is a matter of choice by the user. The turfgrass mixture "Catalina/Winterplay" (80% perennial ryegrass/20% Poa trivialis) was intermediate in turfgrass color. "Brightstar II" PR generally produced a dark turf throughout the growing season. For overall turfgrass quality, the perennial ryegrasses generally out performed the Poa trivialis germplasm. The mixture of "Catalina/Winterplay" produced a very dense turf, followed closely by "Turfstar Plus" PR, "95-1" PR and "PT-4" PT. ASnowbird@ PT had the least amount of living ground cover by May 31, which is desirable from a transition standpoint.
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Allert, Michael. "Malaysia und die Asienkrise 1997/1998 /". Berlin : Köster, 2009. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00249892.pdf.

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Mamahit, Desi Albert. "Indonesia : the economic crisis 1997-1998". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA350161.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.
Thesis advisor(s): K.L. Terasawa, Bill Gates. "June 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-181). Also available online.
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Książki na temat "1997"

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Atlantic, College (Guaynabo P. R. ). Atlantic College: Catálogo 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-1999. Guaynabo, Puerto Rico: Atlantic College, 1999.

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Triin, Sinissaar, Rohumaa Katre, Neimar Reet i Tallinna Linnateater, red. Tallinna Linnateater: Hooajad 1995/1996, 1996/1997, 1997/1998, 1998/1999, 1999/2000. [Tallinn]: Tallinna Linnateater, 2000.

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Nhà xuá̂t bản Chính trị quó̂c gia., red. Sách xuá̂t bản 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997. Hà Nội: Nhà xuá̂t bản Chính trị quó̂c gia, 1998.

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Greenwich, University of. Strategic plan 1992/1993 - 1996/1997. London: University of Greenwich, 1993.

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Volodymyr, Lytvyn, i Smoliĭ V. A, red. Viri︠u︡ v ukraïnsʹkyĭ narod: Vybrani statti, vystupy, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000. Kyïv: Vydavnychyĭ Dim Alʹternatyvy, 2000.

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North-South Insitute (Ottawa, Ont.), red. Canadian development reports, 1996-1997, 1998, 1999: Rapports canadiens sur le développment, 1996-1997, 1998. Ottawa: North-South Institute, 1999.

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Industry, Construction Industry Sector Group Joint Forecasting Committee for the Construction. Construction forecasts 1997-1998-1999: Autumn 1997. London: Construction Forecasting & Research Ltd, 1997.

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Park, Peak District National. Annual review 1996-1997, yearbook 1997-1998. Bakewell: Peak District National Park Authority, 1997.

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Paul, John. Pielgrzymki do Ojczyzny: 1979, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1997 : przemówienia, homilie. Kraków: Znak, 1997.

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Industries, Joint Forecasting Committee for the Construction. Construction forecasts 1997-1998-1999: Winter 1997/98. London: Construction Forecasting & Reseach, 1998.

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Części książek na temat "1997"

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Hanusch, Frederic. "1995–1997". W Democracy and Climate Change, 115–26. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY, USA : Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business, [2017]: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228983-6.

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Barczewski, Stephanie, John Eglin, Stephen Heathorn, Michael Silvestri i Michelle Tusan. "1979–1997". W Britain since 1688, 332–51. Wyd. 2. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003284758-14.

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Brodén Gyberg, Veronica. "1991–1997". W Sweden’s Research Aid Policy, 124–48. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003033271-6.

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Rauchenberger, Johannes. "Miniaturphase: 1992–1997". W Alois Neuhold, 239–70. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1374-5_7.

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Elwyn, Glyn, i Cathy Charles. "Shared decision making: the principles and the competences". W Evidence-based Patient Choice, 118–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192631947.003.0008.

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Abstract Identifying, describing, and comparing different approaches to treatment decision making is an issue of interest to a surprisingly diverse range of health related disciplines, including medicine, nursing, bio-ethics, medical sociology, and health economics (Brody et al. 1984; Mishler 1984; Beisecker and Beisecker 1990; Emanuel and Emanuel 1992; Llewelyn and Hopkins 1993; Deber 1994; Ong et al. 1995; Quill and Cassel 1995; Deber et al. 1996; Quill and Brody 1996; Charles et al. 1997 1998 1999; Coulter 1997; Williams and Calnan 1991; Degner et al. 1997; Lupton 1997; Gafni et al. 1998; Gwyn and Elwyn 1999).
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Papp, Ratmond. "Introduction to Strategic Alignment". W Strategic Information Technology, 1–24. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-87-2.ch001.

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The concept of strategic alignment is more than two decades old (McLean and Soden, 1977; IBM, 1981; Earl, 1983; Mills, 1986; Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1987; Parker and Benson, 1988; Henderson and Venkatraman, 1990; Dixon and John, 1991; Niederman, et. al., 1991; Watson and Brancheau, 1991; Liebs, 1992; Luftman, Lewis and Oldach, 1993; Goff, 1993), however it has never been more timely than in today’s fast-paced, dynamic business environment (Papp, 1998; Rogers, 1997). The original alignment model was a largely theoretical construct that studied only a single industry (Henderson & Venkatraman, 1990; Henderson & Thomas, 1992) but has since been adapted for use by virtually any industry looking to integrate their business strategies with their information technology strategies (Papp, 1995; Luftman, Papp, & Brier, 1995).
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Nonaka, lkujiro, Ryoko Toyama i Philippe Byosiere. "A Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation: Understanding the Dynamic Process of Creating Knowledge". W Organizational Learning and Knowledge, 491–517. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198295839.003.0028.

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Abstract In recent years many researchers have argued that knowledge and the capability to create and utilize it are the most important sources of a firm’s sustainable competitive advantage (Cyert, Kumar, and Williams 1993; Drucker 1993; Nonaka 1990, 1991, 1994; Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995; Quinn 1992; Sveiby 1997; Teece, Pisano, and Shuen 1997; Toffler 1990; Winter 1987). In a world where markets, products, technologies, competitors, regulations, and even entire societies change very rapidly, continuous innovation and knowledge that enables such innovation have become important sources of sustainable competitive advantage.
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Krogh, Georg von, i Simon Grand. "From Economic Theory toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of _the Firm: Conceptual Building Blocks". W The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, 163–84. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138665.003.0010.

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Abstract There is consensus among entrepreneurs, managers, academics, and consultants that we are about to embark on a new economic order: a knowledge-based economy, playing by a new set of rules (Day and Schoemaker 2000, Hamel 2000). In recent years we have seen an increasing interest in firm knowledge and innovation as the source of competitive advantage, which can be traced back to the emergence of the resourcebased perspective of the firm (Wernerfeld 1984, Dierickx and Cool 1988, Barney 1991, Mahoney and Pandian 1992, Peteraf 1993, Teece et al. 1997), the growing literature on innovation (Dosi 1982, Foster 1986, Tushman and Anderson 1986, Henderson and Clark 1990, Utterback 1994, Bower and Christensen 1995, Christensen 1997), organizational learning (Hedlund 1994, Argyris and Schon 1996, Wenger 1998), and most explicitly in the recent development of a knowledge-based perspective of strategy (Nonaka 1994, von Krogh et al. 1994, Spender 1996, Grant 1996).
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9

Alan Pounds, J. "Amphibians and Reptiles". W Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0011.

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Anyone who stood on the bridge over the Río Guacimal at Monteverde on a wet-season night in the early 1980s would understand Archie Carr’s sentiments. Nearly 300 male Fleischmann’s Glass Frogs (Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni) defended territories along a 120-m section of the stream, and their loud, incessant “peeps” filled the air. In the late 1980s, however, this chorus all but fell silent as the number of glass frogs plummeted. The population has not recovered. In 1998, only a single male could be heard from the bridge. The dramatic reduction in glass frogs was part of a larger decline of Monteverde’s amphibians. A sudden crash of populations in 1987 affected species throughout the area and led to the disappearance of many (Pounds 1990, 1991a, 1997, Crump et al. 1992, Pounds and Crump 1994, Pounds and Fogden 1996, Pounds et al. 1997). The disappearance that has drawn the most attention, however, is that of the Golden Toad (Bufo periglenes). This species, known only from elfin cloud forest high on the ridgetops at Monteverde, is famous for its striking appearance and the colorful spectacle of its breeding congregations (Savage 1966, Jacobson 1983, Fogden and Fogden 1984, Jacobson and Vandenberg 1991; see Savage, “Discovery of the Golden Toad,”. Because the Golden Toad had been locally abundant in seemingly undisturbed habitats for at least 17 consecutive years, its sudden disappearance caused great alarm and dismay (Pounds et al. 1997). Interest in this case has intensified with the suggestion that it is part of a global pattern (Barinaga 1990, Blaustein and Wake 1990, 1995, Phillips 1990, 1994, Wyman 1990, Wake 1991, Wake and Morowitz 1991, Sarkar 1996; see Pounds, “Monteverde Salamanders,”). Many similar declines and disappearances have been reported for highland areas of other continents (Corn and Fogleman 1984, Heyer et al. 1988, Osborne 1989, Weygoldt 1989, Czechura and Ingram 1990, La Marca and Reinthaler 1991, Carey 1993, Fellers and Drost 1993, Kagarise Sherman and Morton 1993, Drost and Fellers 1996, Laurance et al.
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Leamy, Larry. "Dominance, Epistasis, and Fluctuating Asymmetry". W Developmental Instability, 142–56. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195143454.003.0010.

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Abstract Fluctuating asymmetry (FA), or the variation in the subtle nondirectional differences typically found between left and right sides of bilateral characters, continues to be the most widely used measure of developmental instability in populations (Parsons 1990; Zakharov 1994; Moller and Swaddle 1997). There is little doubt that the level of FA in various characters often increases if individuals suffer developmental perturbations when subjected to environmental stressors such as pollution, toxins, and parasites (Clarke 1992; Graham 1992; Polak 1997), although their effect on FA is not always found (Markow 1995; Leamy et al. 1999; Woods et al. 1999). Similarly, FA sometimes, but not always, responds to genetic stressors such as inbreeding and selection (Clarke 1993; Moller and Swaddle 1997). Levels of FA also have been linked to pollination success in plants (Moller and Eriksson 1995) and mating success in animals (Moller 1993; Moller and Pomiankowski 1993; Simmons 1994; Moller and Thornhill 1997), but more asymmetrical individuals are not always disadvantaged in the mating process (Markow 1995; Goulson et al. 1999).
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "1997"

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Gu, W. Y., X. G. Mao i B. A. Rawlins. "Direct Measurements of Hydraulic Permeability Coefficients of Cartilaginous Tissues". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0134.

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Abstract Fluid is a major component of cartilaginous tissues. Its transport is primarily governed by the hydraulic permeability coefficient of the tissue. The hydraulic permeability coefficient is important to the understanding of the transport processes of interstitial water and ions [e.g., Gu et al, 1993] and the viscoelastic behavior of the tissue [e.g., Mow et al, 1980; Setton et al, 1993]. However, the hydraulic permeability coefficients of these tissues are extremely low and difficult to quantify precisely. Studies in the literature report on the determination of the hydraulic permeability of these tissues directly by measuring fluid flux corresponding to the applied pressure difference in a permeation experiment [Edwards, 1967; Mansour and Mow, 1976; Mansour and Matsumoto, 1998; Maroudas and Bullough, 1968; McCutchen, 1962] or indirectly by curvefitting experimental data from confined compression or indentation tests using the biphasic theory[e.g., Athanasiou et al, 1991; Best et al, 1994; Drost et al, 1995; Houben et al, 1997, Iatridis et al, 1997; Mak et al, 1987; Mansour and Matsumoto, 1998; Mow et al, 1980; Setton et al, 1993]. Recently, Gu and co-workers (1998) reported that the permeability coefficient of human anulus fibrosus determined directly was one order of magnitude greater than that determined indirectly [e.g. Best et al, 1994, Drost et al, 1995, Houben et al, 1997, Iatridis et al, 1997]. To address this discrepancy, we investigated the hydraulic permeability coefficients of human lumbar anulus fibrosus and bovine articular cartilage using a new technique developed by Gu and co-workers (1998). The hydraulic permeability coefficient of human anulus fibrosus was compared to that of bovine articular cartilage measured under the same testing conditions.
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Pao, Y. H., E. Jih, V. Siddapureddy, X. Song, R. Liu, R. McMillan i J. M. Hu. "A Thermal Fatigue Model for Surface Mount Leadless Chip Resistor (LCR) Solder Joints". W ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0884.

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Abstract The reliability of surface mount leadless solder joints, e.g., LCCC (leadless ceramic chip carrier), LCR (leadless chip resistor), and LCC (leadless chip capacitor), has been a long-term research topic due to the concern of thermal fatigue failure resulting from significant stresses and strains induced in the joint. Numerous studies of failure analysis of leadless solder joints exist in the literature, and a number of life prediction models based on different failure characterizing parameters, e.g., total strain, plastic strain, strain energy density, etc., have been developed for particular loading conditions, such as isothermal or thermal cyclic fatigue tests. To name a few, e.g., one can refer to Engelmaier (1984), Cltterbaugh and Charles (1985), Hall and Sherry (1986), Clech and Augis (1987), Wong et al. (1988), Bae et al. (1989), Solomon (1990), Frear et al. (1991), Satoh et al. (1991), Lee and Stone 91991), Lau (1991), Govila et al. (1994), Schroeder and Mitchell (1994), JPL (1994), Syed (1995), Wen and Ross (1995), Jih and Pao (1995), Zhang et al. (1996), Kawai et al. (1996), Hu (1996), Guo and Conrad (1996), Lin et al. (1996), and Lau and Pao (1996).
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Bhushan, Bharat. "Tribology on the Macro- to Nanoscales of MEMS Materials: A Review". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1252.

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Abstract Silicon-based MEMS devices are made from single-crystal silicon, LPCVD polysilicon films and other ceramic films (Bhushan, 1998). For high temperature applications, SiC films are being developed to replace polysilicon films. Tribology in the MEMS devices requiring relative motion is of importance. Atomic force/friction force microscopy (AFM/FFM) and nanoindentation techniques (Bhushan et al., 1995; Bhushan, 1995, 1998) have been used for tribological studies on micro- to nanoscale on materials of interest. These techniques have been used to study surface roughness, friction, scratching/wear, indentation and boundary lubrication of bulk and treated silicon, polysilicon films and SiC films (Bhushan, 1996a, b; Bhushan et al., 1994, 1997a, b, 1998; Koinkar and Bhushan, 1997; Li and Bhushan, 1998; Sundararajan and Bhushan, 1998; Zhao and Bhushan, 1998). Macroscale friction and wear tests have also been conducted using the ball-on-flat tribometer. (Bhushan and Venkatesan, 1993; Gupta et al., 1993, 1994a, b; Venkatesan and Bhushan, 1993, 1994). Measurements of microscale and macroscale friction forces show that friction values on both scales of all the silicon samples are about the same among different silicon materials and higher than that of SiC. The microscale values are lower than the macroscale values as there is less ploughing contribution in the microscale measurements. Surface roughness has an effect on friction. In microscale and macroscale tests, C+-implanted, oxidized and PECVD oxide-coated single-crystal silicon samples exhibit much larger scratching and wear resistance as compared to untreated samples. Polysilicon films and undoped single-crystal silicon show similar friction and wear characteristics. Doping of polysilicon film does not affect its tribological properties. Microscratching, microwear and nanoindentation, and macroscale friction and wear studies indicate that SiC films are superior when compared to the other materials currently used in MEMS devices. Higher hardness and fracture toughness of the SiC film is believed to be responsible for its superior mechanical integrity and lower friction. Chemically grafted self-assembled monolayers and chemically-bonded liquid lubricants show promising performance for boundary lubrication in MEMS devices.
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Ateshian, G. A., W. M. Lai, W. Y. Gu i V. C. Mow. "Ionic Polarization in Charged Hydrated Soft Tissues". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0126.

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Abstract In the development of the continuum-based macroscopic theories for charged-hydrated soft tissues (Frank and Grodzinsky, 1987; Lai et al., 1991; Gu et al., 1993, 1998; Huyghe and Janssen, 1997), as well as in the classical physical chemistry theories for electrolyte solutions (Donnan, 1924; Katchalsky and Curran, 1975, Maroudas, 1979) it is assumed that electroneutrality is satisfied at every point in the continuum, i.e., there is no net charge at any point in the material. This assumption signifies that the electric displacement is divergence free, according to Maxwell’s macroscopic equations of classical electromagnetic theory. Some studies of electromagnetic interactions in biological tissues have suggested that, consequently, the electric field should also be divergence free for the electroneutrality condition to be strictly correct (e.g., Friedman, 1986; Hart, 1988). In this abstract we review basic concepts which establish that in general the electric field is not divergence free because of ionic polarization, and we derive a general expression for calculating the equivalent polarization charge using the triphasic theory of Lai et al. (1991).
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Bedell, Harold E., i Susana T. L. Chung. "Elevation of Vernier thresholds during image motion depends on target configuration". W Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.suc.4.

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Under a range of stimulus conditions, the threshold for discriminating spatial offset in a Vernier target is finer than the retinal photoreceptor mosaic, the defining characteristic of a hyperacuity (Westheimer 1975, 1979). Over the past several years, evidence has accumulated that the visual system achieves fine Vernier thresholds using different mechanisms, depending upon the characteristics of the stimulus. The most acute Vernier thresholds, obtained for highly visible, abutting line targets in the fovea, are thought to be mediated by the contrast responses of oriented cortical filters that straddle the Vernier offset (e.g., Findlay 1973; Wilson 1986; Waugh et al. 1993). Thresholds are higher, but can remain within the hyperacuity range, when the Vernier targets are separated by more than a few min of arc (e.g., Sullivan et al. 1972; Klein & Levi 1987; Levi & Klein 1990; Waugh & Levi 1993) or have opposite contrast polarities (O'Shea & Mitchell 1990; Levi & Waugh 1996). The thresholds obtained under these stimulus conditions have been attributed to a local-sign mechanism that separately computes the locations of the individual Vernier elements and then compares these position signals (Klein & Levi 1987).
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Pocock, Lynn, i Robert Mallary. "Dedication ---Robert Mallary, 1917--1997". W ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259081.259166.

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Glasser, Adrian, i Paul L. Kaufman. "Dynamics of Refractive Changes and Lens and Ciliary Body Movements in Rhesus Monkey Eyes During Edinger-Westphal Nucleus Stimulated Accommodation". W Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.sub.1.

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Few studies have explored dynamic changes in the accommodative elements of the eye in relation to presbyopia (Schaeffel, et al., 1993; Beers & Van Der Heijde, 1994, 1996; Kaufman, et al., 1997). In the normal human eye the only aspect of the accommodative apparatus readily accessible for dynamic studies is the lens. Although measurements of dynamic changes in lens thickness have been made (Beers & Van Der Heijde, 1994, 1996), they provide no information on the relationship between movements of the extralenticular accommodative apparatus and the refractive changes in the eye or how these relationships changes with age and presbyopia. Recent work has shown age changes in movements of the accommodative elements of the iridectomized rhesus monkey eye (Kaufman, et al, 1997). Further studies of age changes in the extralenticular accommodative apparatus are underway and we present for the first time, results from this work relating mechanical movements of the extralenticular accommodative apparatus to refractive and lenticular changes in the eyes of young accommodating rhesus monkeys. This work aims to characterize and describe normal dynamic relationships between the extralenticular accommodative apparatus and the lens. Rhesus monkeys are ideal subjects for these studies since young animals have high accommodative amplitudes, they develop presbyopia with the same relative age course as humans, and surgical removal of the iris and implantation of stimulating electrodes in the midbrain facilitates imaging of the ciliary body and lens equator during electrically stimulated accommodation (Crawford, et al., 1989; Neider, et al., 1990).
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Soltz, Michael A., i Gerard A. Ateshian. "Measurement of Cartilage Fluid Pressurization in Confined Compression Cyclical Loading". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0012.

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Abstract In recent studies (Oloyede and Broom, 1991; Soltz and Ateshian, 1997, 1998) it has been demonstrated from experiment and theory that compressive stresses applied across the surface of articular cartilage are supported primarily by the hydrostatic pressurization of the interstitial fluid, under configurations of confined compression creep and stress-relaxation. This pressurization is sustained for several hundred seconds before it eventually subsides, suggesting a major role for interstitial fluid in protecting the solid collagen-protcoglycan matrix from excessive stresses. In the present study, cartilage fluid pressurization is investigated experimentally and theoretically under sinusoidal loading, since the mechanical environment of articular cartilage during daily living is often cyclical in nature. Investigators have demonstrated that this cyclical loading may cause a biosynthetic response of chondrocytes within the tissue, depending on the frequency and amplitude of the applied stresses or strains (e.g. Gray et al., 1988; Hall et al., 1991; Kim et al., 1995; Parkikinen et al., 1992; Sah et al., 1989). A theoretical solution for cyclical loading in confined compression has been obtained previously (Suh et al., 1995) using the biphasic theory (Mow et al., 1980) and this solution is employed here.
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Arditi, Aries, Lei Liu i William Lynn. "Legibility of Outline Fonts". W Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sub.2.

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Several studies in recent years have demonstrated strong effects of typography on text legibility (Arditi, 1996; Arditi, Cagenello, & Jacobs, 1995; Arditi, Knoblauch, & Grunwald, 1990; Loomis, 1990; Mansfield, Legge, & Bane, 1996; Tinker, 1963). The approach taken in this laboratory has been to assess the effects of typographic variables by comparing legibility of fonts that vary only in the dimension of interest (e.g. stroke width, spacing). While in the past we have used reading speed as a legibility criterion (Arditi et al., 1990; Knoblauch, Arditi, & Szlyk, 1991), our recent work has defined legibility as the smallest letter size that can be effectively read. In the present study we examine the legibility of outline fonts relative to their solid counterparts, under conditions of wide and close spacing.
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Niebur, Glen L., Jonathan C. Yuen, Andy C. Hsia i Tony M. Keaveny. "Convergence Characteristics of Voxel Based Finite Element Models of Trabecular Bone". W ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0138.

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Abstract High resolution voxel based finite element models of trabecular bone have recently become popular as a method to investigate the properties of trabecular tissue (van Rietbergen et. al., 1995; Ladd et al., 1997; Huo and Fhyrie 1995) and the effects of microstructure on apparent properties (Hollister et al., 1994). In these models, high resolution (20–80 micron) images of the trabecular bone are converted to finite element models by assigning an 8-noded brick element to each image voxel (Fhyrie et al., 1992). As these models come into more widespread use, it is important to quantify their numerical convergence characteristics.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "1997"

1

Lo Presti, P. AGS experiments -- 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999. Fifteenth edition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/354999.

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LO PRESTI, P. AGS EXPERIMENTS- 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 (FIFTEENTH EDITION). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10538.

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Depken, J. C., i P. L. Presti. AGS experiments -- 1995, 1996 and 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/658374.

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Yáñez, Ernesto, George Gray-Molina, Ernesto Pérez de Rada i Wilson Jiménez. Pobreza y activos en Bolivia: ¿Qué rol juega el capital social? Inter-American Development Bank, maj 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012008.

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Análisis recientes de la pobreza en Bolivia muestran que, a pesar de un ligero descenso en el porcentaje de la población que vive en condiciones de pobreza a lo largo de la última década, el número absoluto de hogares pobres continúa en ascenso (Jiménez y Yañez 1997a y b; Vos et al. 1997; Banco Mundial 1996). El bajo nivel de crecimiento de los ingresos de los hogares más pobres sugiere que los esfuerzos sostenidos por mantener niveles de crecimiento económico moderados e incrementar la eficiencia en la asignación del gasto e inversión pública no han sido suficientes para revertir las condiciones de pobreza crónica que caracterizan al país. Los enfoques analíticos que sostuvieron la aplicación de políticas de crecimiento y redes de protección en la región también se encuentran en un periodo de cuestionamiento y reformulación. Perspectivas que enfatizaban la medición de la pobreza por insuficiencia de ingresos o necesidades básicas (Lipton y van der Gaag 1993; Boltvinik 1992), se encuentran interpelados por modelos alternativos que procuran analizar patrones de causalidad entre pobreza y el acceso a mercados de activos de capital humano, capital físico (público y privado) y capital social (Birdsall y Londoño 1997a y b; Moser 1998; Collier 1998). Este estudio procura contribuir al análisis de la pobreza desde la perspectiva de recursos y activos, y describir los alcances de este enfoque aplicado al caso boliviano.
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Tanksley, Steven D., i Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties: Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, czerwiec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.

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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.
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Chamovitz, Daniel, i Xing-Wang Deng. Morphogenesis and Light Signal Transduction in Plants: The p27 Subunit of the COP9-Complex. United States Department of Agriculture, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7580666.bard.

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Plants monitor environmental signals and modulate their growth and development in a manner optimal for the prevailing light conditions. The mechanisms by which plants transduce light signals and integrate them with other environmental and developmental signals to regulate plant pattern development are beginning to be unraveled. A large body of knowledge has accumulated regarding the roles of specific photoreceptors in perceiving light signals, and about the downstream developmental responses responding to light (Batschauer, 1999; Chamovitz and Deng, 1996; Deng and Quail, 1999). Still, little is know about the molecular mechanisms connecting the photoreceptors to development, and how these developmental pathways are integrated with additional developmental regulatory pathways to modulate growth. The multi-subunit protein complex COP9 signalosome (previously referred to as the "COP9 complex") has a central role in mediating the light control of plant development, and in general developmental regulation. Arabidopsis mutants that lack this complex develop photomorphogenically even in the absence of light signals (reviewed in Chamovitz and Deng 1996, 1997). Various genetic studies have indicated that the COP9 signalosome acts at the nexus of upstream signals transduced from the individual photoreceptors, and specific downstream signaling pathways. Thus the COP9 signalosome was hypothesized to be a master repressor of photomorphogenesis, and that light acts to abrogate this repression. However, the COP9 signalosome has roles beyond the regulation of photomorphogenesis as all mutants lacking this complex die following early seedling development, and an essentially identical complex has also been detected in animal systems (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Seeger et al., 1998; Wei et al., 1998). Our long term objective is to determine the role of the COP9 signalosome in controlling plant development. In this research project we showed that this complex contains at least eight subunits (Karniol et al., 1998; Serino et al., 1999) and that the 27 kD subunit is encoded by the FUS5 locus (Karniol et al., 1999). The FUS5 subunit also has a role extraneous to the COP9 signalosome, and differential kinase activity has been implicated in regulating FUSS and the COP9 signalosome (Karniol et al., 1999). We have also shown that the COP9 signalosome may work together with the translational-regulator eIF3. Our study of the COP9 signalosome is one of the exciting examples of plant science leading the way to discoveries in basic animal science (Chamovitz and Deng, 1995; Karniol and Chamovitz, 2000; Wei and Deng, 1999).
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Dale, B. Institutional plan, FY 1992--1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7238790.

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Tyson, K. S. Biodiesel research progress 1992-1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/653992.

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Johnson, B. J. Asotin Creek Model Watershed 1997 Habitat Projects, 1997-1998 Annual Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1293.

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Erickson, R., C. W. Allen, S. Anderson, W. Linebarger i M. Stanek. SLAC accelerator operations report: 1995--1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510419.

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