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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „1800s”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 5 marca 2023

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1

McDonald, S. W. "Glasgow Resurrectionists". Scottish Medical Journal 42, nr 3 (czerwiec 1997): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693309704200307.

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The Napoleonic Wars and the colonial campaigns of the early 1800s created a great need for surgical training. Many of the cadavers used in Glasgow s schools of Anatomy were resurrected from local churchyards or imported from Ireland. In the 1820s, the activities of some resurrectionists showed gross insensitivity, with bodies being stolen before the funeral. In the early 1830s, cholera riots and the fear of “burking ” led to the Anatomy Bill of 1832 receiving the Royal Assent.

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Demidova, Olga. "Эпистолярия как литературные беседы: Письма Г. В. Адамовича А. В. Бахраху [_Epistolaria_ as Literary Conversations: Letters of Georgy Adamovich to Alexander Bacherac]". Slavica Revalensia 8 (2021): 238–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22601/sr.2021.08.08.

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This article is an attempt at close reading an extensive ego text (Georgy Adamovich’s letters to Alexander Bacherac of the 1940s – 1972) as a thirty-year-long literary conversation of two Russian émigré writers. Regarding the letters as a single cultural text, and relying on the hermeneutic and semiotic approaches, the article singles out three major layers of the text in question, and analyzes the textual body “inwardly,” i.e. starting from the purely existential-informational upper layer, proceeding to the layer of literary criticism, and finally reaching the layer of literary quotations and cultural allusions used as one of the basic devices forming Adamovich’s epistolary style. Comparing the letters with Adamovich’s famous Literary Conversations (Literaturnye besedy) of the 1920s, the author argues that in his correspondence with Bacherach Adamovich followed the tradition of the Russian friendly literary-philosophical discourse borrowed from the West in the 1800s and developed in the 1820s – 1830s by Alexander Pushkin and his circle. KEYWORDS: 20th-Century Russian Literature, Georgy Adamovich (1892—1972), Alexander Bacherac (1902—1985), Correspondence, History of Literature.

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3

Staton, Maria. "The Indian Maiden on the American stage, 1800s-1850s". Humanities Directory 2, nr 1 (5.02.2014): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7563/hd_02_01_01.

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4

Liang, Hao, Yun Tan, Fang Ju Zhang i Kai Zhang. "Compressive Properties of Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y Alloy at Different Strain Rates". Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (czerwiec 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.13.

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The compressive properties of Mg-3Al-2Zn-2Y alloy at room temperature at strain rates in range of 0.001s-1~4800s-1were investigated. To the alloy compressed at 1300s-1, its basal and non-basal slip produce the mixed dislocation configuration including parallel, bended and tangled dislocation. There is significant twinning in the alloys compressed at 1800s-1and 4800s-1. The flow stress and ultimate trength show the strain rate hardening behavior at the range of 0.001s-1~1800s-1. There appears localized deformation zones formed with recrystal grains and twin crystals in the alloy compressed at 4800s-1, whose mechanical properties are lower than those of alloy compressed at 1800s-1.

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Simard, Hélène, i André Bouchard. "The precolonial 19th century forest of the Upper St. Lawrence Region of Quebec; a record of its exploitation and transformation through notary deeds of wood sales". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, nr 9 (1.09.1996): 1670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-188.

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A method based upon the use of wood sales, recorded by notary deeds, was used to describe how the precolonial forest of the Upper St. Lawrence Region of Québec changed during the 19th century. The notary deeds, covering the period of 1800 to 1880, are conserved in the National Archives of Quebec, in Montréal. Wood sales of the different species were compared, for each decade, as well as the fluctuations of volumes sold in relation to price. The results show a succession of species, appearing and disappearing, in the recorded wood sales. The sales began, in the early 1800s, with bur oak (Quercusmacrocarpa Michx.), eastern white cedar (Thujaoccidentalis L.), white pine (Pinusstrobus L.), sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betulaalleghaniensis Britton), and American beech (Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh.). Oak sales reached their highest level in the first decade of the century, but this species was rapidly exhausted and disappeared completely from the market by the end of the 1840s. Similarly, pine was sold mostly during the 1820s. Sugar maple, yellow birch, and beech, sold for firewood during the 1820s and 1830s, were replaced gradually in the following decades by other species also used for firewood, such as black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP), tamarack (Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch), hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carrière), "plaine" (a mix of Acerrubrum L. and Acersaccharinum L.), American elm (Ulmusamericana L.), and ash (Fraxinus). The most valuable species were the first exploited for wood sales, and as they were depleted from the forest, they were replaced by others of less value. Throughout the 19th century, under the influence of this harvesting, the composition of the Upper St. Lawrence forest changed to become what it is today.

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6

Holmén, Janne. "Time and Space in Time and Space". Contributions to the History of Concepts 15, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/choc.2020.150206.

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Mental maps and historical consciousness, which describe the spatial and temporal dimensions of worldviews, are not, as commonly stated, twentieth century concepts. Historical consciousness was coined simultaneously by several German scholars in the mid-1800s. Mental maps, used in English since the 1820s, had a prominent role in US geography education from the 1880s. Since then, the concepts have traveled between practical-technical, educational, and academic vocabularies, cross fertilizing fields and contributing to the formation of new research questions. However, when these initial periods of reflection gave way to empirical investigation, strict intra-disciplinary definitions of the concepts have strengthened disciplinary borders by excluding the interpretations of the same concepts in other fields.

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7

Hohmann-Vogrin, Anna M. "Graz Grunderzeit". STORIA URBANA, nr 120 (lipiec 2009): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2008-120009.

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- Graz in the Gründerzeit, the Era of Industrial Development Graz was an important military stronghold and commercial center in the mining basin of Styria. Archduke Johann of Hapsburg promoted the building of its first railway line in 1844, which was linked to the Vienna-Trieste line in 1857. Members of the rich industrial bourgeoisie were able to make investments that helped expand the city outside the walls, beginning with the 1830s. Graz's urban development plans were guided by criteria modeled after those of the Ring in Vienna. In the latter 1800s, Graz's projects for dealing with its increasing population reinforced this tendency, exemplified in the headquarters buildings of local political and economic powers, which give its outer rings its characteristic stately elegance.

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8

Beltran-Garcia, Miguel J., i James F. White. "Introduction to Special Issue: Plant Microbiome Augmentation and Stimulation—New Strategies to Grow Crops with Reduced Agrochemicals". Microorganisms 9, nr 9 (6.09.2021): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091887.

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9

Farr, Kathryn Ann. "Shaping Policy Through Litigation: Abortion Law in the United States". Crime & Delinquency 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002003.

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The criminalization of abortion in the United States began in the early 1800s and was nearly universal by the late 1800s. It was not until the middle of the 1900s that abortion reform gained momentum, culminating in 1973 in the Roe v. Wade decision that protected women's right to abortion. In this article it is argued that since Roe, litigation has been increasingly used to shape abortion policy. The rise of such litigation, as well as the kinds of issues and concerns raised by litigants, are described. The role played by the Supreme Court in changing the legal status of abortion is examined.

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10

Houston, James. "SHORELINE RESPONSE TO FUTURE SEA LEVEL RISE". Coastal Engineering Proceedings, nr 36 (30.12.2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.sediment.60.

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Florida, United States, has shoreline change measurements starting in the 1800s with spacing of about every 300 m. In addition, due to extensive shoreline development and tourism, processes causing shoreline change have been studied extensively. The 1160-km east and 275-km southwest shorelines advanced seaward on average from the 1800s even before widespread beach nourishment and despite sea level rise. Shoreline advance despite sea level rise has been noted along other coasts such as the Netherlands central coast (Stive and de Vriend, 1995). In contrast, the 335-km Florida west coast retreated landward on average almost 30 m from 1867 to 2015.

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11

Wiles, Gregory C., Rosanne D. D'Arrigo i Gordon C. Jacoby. "Temperature changes along the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest coast modeled from coastal tree rings". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, nr 3 (1.03.1996): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-053.

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Warm-season (April–September) temperature models based on a network of coastal ring-width and maximum latewood density tree-ring chronologies are the first reconstructions for coastal stations along the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. These well-verified temperature models are consistent with long climatic series from coastal stations and other proxy data from the Pacific coast. Cool summers during the 1850s and late 1800s in the Gulf of Alaska correspond to general glacier advance from the region. The Pacific Northwest reconstruction shows summer temperatures cooling in the early 1800s, coincident with a maximum of glacier activity in the coastal Olympic Mountains, Washington. The two warm-season temperature records show intervals when anomalies are opposite in sign, most notably during the 1850s, when cooling is inferred for the Gulf and warming is inferred for the Pacific Northwest. The records are coherent, however, during other intervals, with both showing cooling in the early 1800s and warming around 1870. The phase of these two records may reflect decadal changes in large-scale circulation in the northeastern Pacific. These land temperature reconstructions are strongly correlated with nearby sea surface temperatures, indicating large-scale oceanic–atmospheric influences.

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12

Lei, Siyu, i Huayong Li. "Culturomics: The Diachronic Spreading of Confucianism and Taoism in the UK and the USA, 1800s–2000s". English Language and Literature Studies 9, nr 3 (20.08.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v9n3p8.

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After being introduced to the USA and the UK, Confucianism and Taoism are more and more popular and have more influence, which are reflected in the rising trend of the keywords related to Confucianism and Taoism in the Google English books from 1800s to 2000s. Based on corpora GBAE and GBBE, the author studies the diachronic spreading of Confucianism and Taoism in the UK and the USA. It is found that: (1) Confucianism and Taoism are more welcomed in the UK than in the USA; (2) compared with Taoism, Confucianism is more popular in the UK and the USA; (3) Confucius is more popular both in the UK and in the USA than Lao Tzu; and (4) the general spreading trend of Confucianism and Taoism is rising in 1810s–2000s in the UK and the USA. The author quantitatively answers the frequently asked questions related to the spreading of Confucianism and Taoism.

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13

Chalimah, Fithriana. "Catechism of the Catholic Church in Science in 1800s in Spain reflected in Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira 2016". CLLiENT (Culture, Literature, Linguistics, and English Teaching) 2, nr 02 (30.11.2020): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.32699/cllient.v2i02.1954.

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This paper explains about the reflection of Catechism of the Catholic Church in Science in 1800s in Spain of Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira (2016). The researcher uses qualitative data to analyze the data. The procedure of collecting uses watching, reading, identifying, classifying and identifying. The method of analyzing data in this research use displaying, explaining and interpreting. The aim of this study is to find: the first is the relation between the pastor and the scientists in 1800s, and the second is Catechism of Catholic church represented in Hugh Hudson’s Finding Altamira 2016. In this study, the researcher uses sociology of literature approach and theory of modern science. Keywords: Catechism, Catholic, Church, Science, Spain.

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14

Hattery, Eleanor, Tiffany Nguyen, Aaron Baker i Tina Palmieri. "Burn Care in the 1800s". Journal of Burn Care & Research 36, nr 1 (2015): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bcr.0000000000000112.

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15

Ainsworth, Scott. "Lobbyists as Interest Group Entrepreneurs: The Mobilization of Union Veterans". American Review of Politics 16 (1.07.1995): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1995.16.0.107-129.

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Numerous scholars view the late 1800s as a period o f considerable party influence and little group influence. I show that in the area o f pension policies for Union veterans, entrepreneurial group politics thrived in the late 1800s and rivalled party influence. A rational choice framework is used to analyze the ability of a lobbyist entrepreneur to profit from the complex interactions between Union veterans, Congress, the Pension Bureau, and the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR). I argue that lobbyist entrepreneurs operate with recognition of the opportunities for delegation from individuals to the group and from legislators to bureaus and groups. The viability of the group's linkage function depends upon the entrepreneur's abilities to master the intricacies of delegation.

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16

Klyza, Christopher McGrory. "Ideas, Institutions, and Policy Patterns: Hardrock Mining, Forestry, and Grazing Policy on United States Public Lands, 1870–1985". Studies in American Political Development 8, nr 2 (1994): 341–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001279.

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From the mid–1800s through the mid–1980s, the federal government initiated programs to manage three types of resources on the lands that it controlled. The discovery of gold in California and elsewhere in the West prompted the first government policy in the 1860s. Debate over the nation's forests began in the 1870s, and a system of national forests to be managed by a federal Forest Service was created in the late 1800s and early 1900s. And in the 1930s, the government finally began to manage the lands no one wanted, its grazing lands. The federal government continues to be an active manager of national resources. Indeed, with control of nearly 30 percent of the nation's land, it is the largest land manager in the country.

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Poage, Nathan J., Peter J. Weisberg, Peter C. Impara, John C. Tappeiner i Thomas S. Sensenig. "Influences of climate, fire, and topography on contemporary age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, nr 8 (sierpień 2009): 1518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-071.

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Knowledge of forest development is basic to understanding the ecology, dynamics, and management of forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that the age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon are extremely variable with long and (or) multiple establishment periods common, and that these patterns reflect variation in regional-scale climate, landscape-scale topography, and landscape-scale fire history. We used establishment dates for 5892 individual Douglas-firs from these sites to test these hypotheses. We identified four groups of old forest sites with fundamentally different Douglas-fir age structure patterns. Long and (or) multiple establishment periods were common to all groups. One group described old forests characterized by substantial establishment from the early 1500s to the mid-1600s, with decreasing establishment thereafter. Another group was characterized by peaks of establishment in the middle to late 1600s and in the late 1800s and early 1900s. A third group was characterized by a small peak of establishment in the mid-1500s and a larger peak in the middle to late 1800s. Characteristic of the fourth group was the extended period of Douglas-fir establishment from the late 1600s to the late 1800s. Group membership was explained moderately well by contemporary, regional climatic variables and landscape-scale fire history, but only weakly by landscape-scale topography.

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Souza, Roberto Acízelo de, i José Luís Jobim. "BRAZILIAN LITERARY CRITICISM AND HISTORIOGRAPHY". Revista Brasileira de Literatura Comparada 22, nr 41 (grudzień 2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2596-304x20202241rac.

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Abstract: In Brazil literary studies, after scant manifestations in the colonial period, represented by the activity of literary academies founded in the 18th century only really expanded in the course of the 19th century. National literary production grew in quantity and quality, as did literary studies, which, on the one hand, were demanded by this production- that, after all, needed to be studied and evaluated -, but, on other hand, stimulated this creativity, as they established as a criterion of value the alignment of fiction, poetry and dramaturgy with the nationalist agenda. As a result, from the 1820s until the 1880s, literary studies in Brazil underwent a period of expansion and diversification. If in the 1800s literary education was conducted at high-school level, from the 1930s onwards university courses in literatures began to be established in Brazil. In this paper we will provide a short introduction to Brazilian literary criticism and historiography from its very beginnings to the present time.

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Howe, Sondra Wieland. "Swiss-German Music Books in the Mason-McConathy Collection: Accounts from Europe to the United States". Journal of Research in Music Education 48, nr 1 (kwiecień 2000): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345454.

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This article describes an examination of the Swiss-German music books in the Luther Whiting Mason—Osbourne McConathy Collection, undertaken to learn about music education in nineteenth-century Switzerland and its influence on American music education. Pfeiffer and Nägeli introduced Pestalozzi's ideas to Swiss schools, teaching the elements of music separately and introducing sounds before symbols. Swiss educators in the mid-1800s published numerous songbooks and teachers' manuals for an expanding school system. Foreign travelers praised the teaching of Schäublin in Basel. In Zurich, a cultural center with choruses for men and women, music directors continued to produce materials for schools and community choruses in the 1800s. Because travelers like Luther Whiting Mason purchased these books, Swiss ideas on music education spread to other European countries and the United States.

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Misyurov, Nikolay. "METAPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF THE “RELIGION OF SPIRITUAL INDIVIDUALITY” (ABSOLUTE SUBSTANTIALITY AND THE THINKING SPIRIT)". Studia Humanitatis 15, nr 2 (sierpień 2020): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j12.art.2020.3561.

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The relevance of the topic is determined by the second wave of the religious “renaissance” (after “returning to the path leading to church” in the 1990s). Russian and European intellectuals express their undiminished interest in the spiritual practices of philosophizing, now in the communicative environment of the Internet. The article discusses the problem of metaphysical understanding of “content different from being” in connection with the fundamental question of the German philosophical thought – the question of the spiritual self-determination of an individual, which basically means the transformation of the “positive” religious philosophy into the “religion of revelation”. The aim of the work is to clarify the nature, content and form of philosophical and theological constructs and philosophical and religious systems that explain the interaction of the “uncreated Spirit” and “spiritual individuality”. These constructs are drawn on the philosophizing practices of the German romantic school of thought. In this sense, there is no particular distinction between Fichteanism, Schellingianism and Hegelianism. The methods of the study are defined by the methodology of the sources themselves (adjusted for the difference between the research paradigms of the past and the present), with special focus on dialectics. Some of the hermeneutic methods were also used for interpreting religion as the “revelations” of an individual spirit. The study resulted in revealing the continuity between the “positive” philosophy of the 1820s and the 1830s and the romantic philosophy of the 1790s and the 1800s, which predetermined the epistema of the philosophy of religion, characteristic of classical German philosophy. The author comes to the conclusion that “positive” religion, ontologically significant for the “self-determination” of an individual (and correlating with the individual’s relationships with the world), in the gnoseological terms is close to philosophical cognition, which makes it a specific form of socialization.

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Knott, Tiffany, Daniel Lunney, Dionne Coburn i John Callaghan. "An ecological history of Koala habitat in Port Stephens Shire and the Lower Hunter on the Central Coast of New South Wales, 1801-1998". Pacific Conservation Biology 4, nr 4 (1998): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980354.

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This paper describes the vegetation of Port Stephens Shire and environs at the time of European settlement, defines the sequence of vegetation clearance since that time, and estimates the extent to which the pre-European vegetation represented Koala habitat. A study of historical records, newspapers, documents and reports was undertaken in conjunction with interviews with long-standing Port Stephens residents. The historical records show that Koalas were widespread and common during early settlement. Reconstruction of the original vegetation was based on descriptions by early explorers and settlers from the early 1800s, when settlement commenced. Most of the land on either side of the Hunter River was vegetated by Shrubby Tall Open Forest intermingling with either Open Swamp Forest, or VineFern Closed Forest, or cedar brush. The first area to be settled was the alluvial land on the banks of the rivers where the soil was fertile and well watered. Settlement proceeded rapidly in the western part of the Shire from the early 1800s, concentrating on the Lower Hunter and Williams Rivers, but not progressing to the east until much later (mid to late 1800s). The historical record was sufficiently detailed to allow reconstruction of Koala habitat distribution at the time of settlement. Ecological history is now emerging as a discipline that has far more than curiosity value. It can provide the essential framework for conserving and restoring those landscapes exploited in the first century of European settlement.

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Stojanovic, Nevena. "Review of Samuels, E. (2014), "Fantasies of Identification: Disability, Gender, Race"". Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 6, nr 4 (24.11.2017): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v6i4.392.

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The nineteenth century American trend of identifying and classifying human bodies arose from the simultaneous development of several complex historical processes: “greater geographic and class mobility; urbanization, colonialism and expansion; the beginnings of the welfare state; and challenges to racial and gendered hierarchies” (1). Since the 1800s, “fantasies of identification” have been marked by a unifying characteristic—a tendency to “claim a scientific, often medical framework and function to consolidate the authority of medicine,” even though they “often exceed or contradict any actual scientific basis” (2-3). In Fantasies of Identification: Disability, Gender, Race, Ellen Samuels examines various ailments that unified “under the modern signifier of disability” in the 1800s (20). She uses the social model of disability, which highlights how differences from and exceptions to standards of normalcy caused social anxieties regarding the standardization and classification of human bodies (21).

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Laud, Leslie E. "Moral Education in America: 1600s–1800s". Journal of Education 179, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205749717900202.

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This article reviews moral education in America from colonial times through the late nineteenth century. An analysis of laws, school rules, teaching methods, curricular materials, and views of prominent thinkers reveals that the inculcation of morality was the central purpose of education during this time. In conclusion, the article suggests how the past can serve to inform and to direct the present.

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Klein, Alice. "Predicting megastorms from 1800s ships' logs". New Scientist 237, nr 3165 (luty 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)30284-7.

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Staton, Maria. "“They Preach, but Practice Not”: The Indian Prophet in Early American Drama, 1800s-1850s". International Journal of Language and Literature 2, nr 4 (2014): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijll.v2n4a1.

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Gougoulakis, Petros. "Popular Adult and Labor Education Movement in Sweden—History, Content, Pedagogy". International Labor and Working-Class History 90 (2016): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547916000235.

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AbstractIn Sweden, workers’ education—Arbetarbildning—is part of the all-embracing popular adult education movement that assumed its organizational consolidation in the late 1800s. Popular education—Folkbildning—is a culturally determined practice of social communication with roots in the Reformation and the Enlightenment, playing a decisive role in the shaping of the Swedish labor movement in the late 1800s, the history of which is intertwined with democratization and the transformation of Sweden into a highly developed welfare society. The pedagogical and ideological configuration of labor education in Sweden is surveyed from a historical perspective through the lenses of the Workers’ Educational Association (ABF) and the labor movement's most powerful branches: the Social Democratic Party (SAP) and the Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO). Workers’ education was utilized as a political strategy for a just and equitable society, via successive reforms, based on knowledge and initiated and supported by well-informed citizens.

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Quinn, Norman W. S. "Reconstructing Changes in Abundance of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park, Ontario, 1860-2004". Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, nr 3 (1.07.2005): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i3.142.

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The history of White-tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, Moose, Alces alces, and Beaver, Castor canadensis, in Algonquin Park since the 1860s is reviewed and placed in the context of changes to the forest, weather, and parasitic disease. Deer seem to have been abundant in the late 1800s and early 1900s whereas Moose were also common but less so than deer. Deer declined through the 1920s as Moose probably increased. Deer had recovered by the 1940s when Moose seem to have been scarce. The deer population declined again in the 1960s, suffered major mortality in the early 1970s, and has never recovered; deer are essentially absent from the present day Algonquin landscape in winter. Moose increased steadily following the decline of deer and have numbered around 3500 since the mid-1980s. Beaver were scarce in the Park in the late 1800s but recovered by 1910 and appear to have been abundant through the early 1900s and at high numbers through mid-century. The Beaver population has, however, declined sharply since the mid-1970s. These changes can best be explained by the history of change to the structure and composition of the Park's forests. After extensive fire and logging in the late 1800s and early 1900s, the forest is now in an essentially mature state. Weather and parasitic disease, however, have also played a role. These three species form the prey base of Algonquin's Wolves, Canis lycaon, and the net decline of prey, especially deer, has important implications for the future of wolves in the Park.

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Martins, A., i A. Silva. "Uintary Psychosis - New Evidences". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (styczeń 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70955-1.

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The idea that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder stand as two distinct entities of mental illness came from German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the late 1800s. So began the separation of the diseases that still marks today's psychiatry. However, in practice, it's not always easy to distinguish the two disorders. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have a number of symptoms and epidemiological characteristics in common, and both respond to dopamine blockade. Family, twin and molecular genetic studies suggest that the reason for these similarities may be that the two conditions share certain susceptibility genes.The authors present a revision of several articles that reveal new evidences supporting the unitary psychosis theory. This theory has its origins in 1830s with Guislain, Zeller and Griesinger and defends a continuum of mental illness from schizophrenia to bipolar disorder. More recently genetic studies show overlapping of some predisponent genes of both diseases and some imagiological findings are also present in both. The existence of a continuum of mental illness may be useful for new treatment strategies and prognosis.

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Liljas, Juvas Marianne. "”Från pappas lydige Henric”: Pedagogiska perspektiv på det tidiga 1800-talets bildningsresande". Nordic Journal of Educational History 6, nr 2 (13.12.2019): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v6i2.151.

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“From daddy’s obedient Henric”: Pedagogical perspectives on educational travel of the early 1800s. This article analyses educational travel in the early 1800s from the perspective of its educational heritage and praxis. The aim is to develop an understanding of the pedagogical significance of educational travel. The article makes clear how upbringing and education are represented in the framework of travel narratives in pre-industrial landscapes. The argument is based on the influence of the mercantile class on educational travel and the informal effect of these trips on changes in pedagogical thinking. The travel letters of Johan Henrik Munktell from 1828 to 1830 are used as primary sources. Using Paul Ricoeur’s memory-critical hermeneutics, travel narratives become significant sources for how education is arranged, and immanent pedagogy is a key term. The results demonstrate that the individualisation process works together with forms of crypto-learning, the core of the personal development vision, and society’s long-term memory.

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Michael, Maria. "Typical Life of American Wife of the late 1800s: An Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour” and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper”". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, nr 5 (28.05.2021): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i5.11076.

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The life of the typical American women in the late 1800s was strictly confined to the four walls of a house. For a wife, marriage, husband and family were the destiny. She had no legal political right or voice in public sphere. They were not supposed to involve in any intellectual pursuits but only in domestic chores like cooking, sewing, cleaning etc. The condition of women in any class (upper, lower or middle) was more or less same. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Kate Chopin were noted American writers of nineteenth century. Both writers outrageously expressed their strong views on women, marriage and sex. They were revolutionaries of their time. This paper is going to analyse how Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour” and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper” depict typical public expectations about marriage and women of late 1800s. It also distinguishes the representation of women and wife in the nineteenth century patriarchal American society.

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HANDLER, PHIL. "FORGERY AND THE END OF THE ‘BLOODY CODE’ IN EARLY NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND". Historical Journal 48, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 683–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004620.

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Penal reformers in the 1810s and 1820s condemned the English criminal law as a ‘bloody code’: a monolithic mass of draconian statutes inherited from a former, less civilized age. This overwhelmingly negative image underpinned the dramatic and unexpected repeal of the capital statutes in the 1830s and survived to define a whole era of criminal justice history. This article explores the conditions that enabled the reformers to establish such a powerful critique of the law in such a short space of time. It contends that a key to their success was their ability to exploit contemporary scandals to argue that the law had lost touch with public opinion. Forgery aroused more controversy than any other species of capital crime in the 1820s and became the focal point for opposition to the capital laws. By analysing how reformers used the scandal surrounding forgery to foster the notion that the law was a ‘bloody code’, this article presents a new perspective on the early nineteenth-century penal reform debate.

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Zhizhina-Hefter, Vera. "Sergei A. Ivanov’s Italian Études: to the Problem of Archaeological Reconstructions in the 1800s–1850s". Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art 5 (2015): 626–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa155-6-68.

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Hill, Peter. "The first Arabic translations of Enlightenment literature: The Damietta circle of the 1800s and 1810s". Intellectual History Review 25, nr 2 (8.01.2015): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17496977.2014.970372.

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Chapman, Colin J., i Michael J. Oldham. "Reversed Clover, Trifolium resupinatum L. (Fabaceae), Confirmed in Canada". Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, nr 4 (23.05.2018): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i4.1866.

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We report two populations of Trifolium resupinatum (Reversed Clover, trèfle résupiné) from southern Ontario, confirming it as established in Canada. This Eurasian and north African species was reported in the late 1800s in New Brunswick and Quebec, where it apparently did not persist. Its distribution across the United States is sporadic.

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Mancinelli, R. L. "Astrobiological implications for Perchlorates on Mars". International Journal of Astrobiology 16, nr 3 (8.02.2017): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550417000015.

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Astrobiology is the study of the past, current and future potential for life in the Universe and has been fascinated with the possibility of life on Mars since the late 1800s. Because of the potential for life on Mars it is vital to understand the role perchlorates may play in that potential.

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Jackson, Robert. "Dühring on Dermatitis Herpetiformis". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 3, nr 6 (październik 1999): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549900300612.

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Background: In the late 1800s there was much confusion over the nomenclature and classification of persistent, very itchy vesiculo-bullous eruptions. Objective: To review Dühring's contribution to clarifying this confusion. Conclusion: By his detailed, perceptive, clinical, and histologic reports over many years, Dühring contributed greatly to organizing our clinical concepts of bullous disorders.

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Carducci, Jessica, Allison Haste i Bryce Longenberger. ""What am I?"". Digital Literature Review 3 (7.01.2016): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/dlr.3.0.32-45.

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This paper explores the life of Karl Hohmann, anintersex individual who lived in Germany in themid-1800s. Hohmann was examined as a medicalspecimen throughout his adult life as doctors atthe time believed he was a “true lateral hermaphrodite.” The authors examine the way that culturalbeliefs about gender and sex intersected in thenineteenth century.

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Kosinova, Marina Ivanovna. "Film Distribution and Exhibition in Pre-Revolutionary Russia (1896-1907)". Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 5, nr 3 (15.09.2013): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik536-21.

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The article deals with the so called “French Period” in the Russian cinema of the late 1800s and early 1900s and analyses the process of forming the national institute of distributors and theatre owners. It also pays attention to the problems of repertoire policy and promotion and accounts for the success of Russian pre-revolutionary cinema.

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TUROLDO, FABRIZIO. "Relational Autonomy and Multiculturalism". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, nr 4 (18.08.2010): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000496.

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The principle of autonomy, through various court rulings, gradually became part of medical practice and tradition in the second half of the 1800s, notably when the emergence of surgical anaesthesia began to raise serious questions regarding informed consent. In fact, surgical anaesthesia was initially used not only to avoid pain but also to combat patients’ resistance to operations.

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Jensen, P. B., N. H. Dale-Skey i H. Vårdal. "On the identity of three little-known Microterys Thomson species (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 158, nr 4 (28.10.2022): 233–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/m00138908.1584.4148.

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Illustrated redescriptions are given for three species of encyrtid wasps first described in the early 1800s: Microterys cedrenus (Walker), M. cyanocephalus (Dalman) and M. interpunctus (Dalman), and four new synonyms are proposed: M. aldreyi Japoshvili (of M. cedrenus), M. dichrous (Mercet) (of M. cedrenus), M. steinbergi Sugonjaev (of M. cyanocephalus), and M. duplicatus (Nees) (of M. interpunctus).

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Noerdjito, Diah Radini. "PERKEMBANGAN, PRODUKSI, DAN PERAN KULTUR MIKROALGA LAUT DALAM INDUSTRI". OSEANA 42, nr 1 (30.04.2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.1.35.

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DEVELOPMENT, PRODUCTION, AND THE ROLE OF MARINE MICROALGA IN INDUSTRY. Microalgae cultures recently have been used for various purposes. Culture development of microalgae started from the late 1800s and still continue until now. Specific media composition, lighting, aeration, culture system were applied to many different species microalgae for specific purposes such as pharmaceutical, healthcare, cosmetics, environmental management, energy production, and aquaculture.

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Ryan, Matt E. "The Evolution of Legislative Tenure in the United States Congress: 1789–2004". Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 30, nr 1 (1.04.2012): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569212x15664519360470.

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Abstract How has tenure evolved over the history of the United States Congress? A rudimentary analysis of both Senator and Representative tenure rates finds average legislative tenure to be constant for nearly ninety years, only to rise significantly in the late 1800s. An empirical breakpoint analysis isolates the most probable breakpoint in both time series. Possible causes of this shift are explored.

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Marshall, Laura A. "Gadfly or Spur? The Meaning of ΜΎΩΨ in Plato’s Apology of Socrates". Journal of Hellenic Studies 137 (2017): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007542691700012x.

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AbstractThe standard translation of μύΩΨ in Plato’s Apology of Socrates 30e is ‘gadfly’. However, this word was generally translated as ‘spur’ until the 1800s. This article re-evaluates the scholarship that led to the ‘gadfly’ translation and argues that the ‘spur’ translation is correct based on the use elsewhere in Greek literature of μύΩΨ and other significant words in the passage.

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Bodó, I. "THE HUNGARIAN RACKA". Animal Genetic Resources Information 13 (kwiecień 1994): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900000304.

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SUMMARYThe origin, history and development of the Racka breed is described. This oldest of Central-European sheep breed dominated the Hungarian scene from the early 14th century to the late 1800s. To day not more than 4000 sheep exist. The author describes the live statistics and production data of the breed as well a some recent immunogenetic research results and conservation information.

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Saretzky, Gary D. "The Shady Side of the Lens: Six Lawbreaking Nineteenth-Century New Jersey Photographers". New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 9, nr 1 (25.01.2023): 103–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v9i1.310.

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While the vast majority of New Jersey photographers in the 1800s were law-abiding, there were exceptions, including six photographers accused of crimes: Gideon C. Angle, Edward W. Blake, Frederick Fearn, Edward R. Stoutenburgh, John C. Tibbels, and Peter Walker. This study examines the lives of these photographers just before and during the Gilded Age. See also additional illustrations at http://saretzky.com/shadyside.

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Rachman, Zulfikar. "The Imperative of Request in the Sulalatus Salatin and the Archives of Banten Sultanate". Lingua Cultura 15, nr 2 (30.11.2021): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v15i2.7495.

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The research aimed to find the imperative of request in the old manuscripts, analyze its use based on the social status between the speaker and the audience, and analyze the request strategy by analyzing the sentence’s structure. The data were taken from narratives and dialogues of Banten Sultanate archives dated in 1600s to 1800s and the Sulalatus Salatin in 1800s. Therefore, the research design applied a descriptive qualitative method. The use of minta (ask), minta tolong (asking for help), mohon and pohon (beg/pray), and tolong (help) as request markers were described in graphs. The results show that minta is universal, which can be used from a speaker to an audience with lower-higher, equal, and higher-lower statuses. Minta tolong is uttered by a speaker to an audience with lower-higher and equal statuses. In the Sulalatus Salatin, mohon and pohon request markers are the most spoken to a king. Minta is universal, and tolong is uttered by a speaker with higher status to an audience with a lower status. Explanation of the situation, apologies, subject, demand, receiver, verb, reason, hope towards the audience, and attention-getter are components to construct an imperative request in the manuscripts.

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Schelske, Claire L. "Historical Nutrient Enrichment of Lake Ontario: Paleolimnological Evidence". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, nr 8 (1.08.1991): 1529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-181.

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Recent studies of Lake Ontario show four periods of nutrient enrichment that can be identified from the sediment record in this phosphorus-limited system: pristine phosphorus loads (early 1800s before European settlement), moderate increase in phosphorus loading after settlement (beginning approximately 1850), exponential increase in phosphorus loading from urban sources (approximately 1940–70), and decreased phosphorus loading as the result of phosphorus abatement strategies (beginning in mid-1970s). Paleolimnological data are used to infer new paradigms about historical dynamics and cycling of major nutrients. The temporal pattern of organic carbon production closely parallels changes in phosphorus loading. Silica supplies which were replete for diatom production before forest clearance in the mid-1800s became limiting for diatom production in the summer epilimnion after 1865 and in the water column after 1950. Silica reserves were depleted by increased diatom production and sedimentation that resulted from increased phosphorus loading. Biologically induced precipitation of calcite began after 1940 as an indirect effect of increased urban phosphorus loading on primary productivity. Calcite began to be precipitated when historical increases in CO2 utilized for primary productivity increased epilimnetic pH and the calcium carbonate saturation product was exceeded.

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Kachouie, Nezamoddin N., i Osita E. Onyejekwe. "Climate Change Study via the Centennial Trend of Climate Factors". Hydrology 7, nr 2 (3.05.2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7020025.

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Background: The purpose of this work is to discover underlying trends of climate factors, identify their peaks and inflection points between 1880 and 2017, and study their response to climate change. Five climate factors including Land Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Temperature Over Land Plus Ocean, Carbon Dioxide concentration, and Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Extent are studied in this paper. Methods: First, the kernel regression is applied to smooth and recover underlying trends of the climate factors between 1880 and 2017. To characterize temporal changes in the global climate via climate factors, peaks and inflection points of each climate factor are located and identified. Results: Five climate factors are studied between 1880 and 2017. Despite locating multiple inflection points in the climate factors and indicating fluctuations in the weather patterns, it was observed that Land Temperature, Sea Surface Temperature, Temperature Over Land Plus Ocean, and Carbon Dioxide concentration have experienced consistent increasing trends since the mid 20 t h century. It was also observed that in response to climate change, the Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Extent has experienced a consistent decreasing trend since the 1960s. Conclusion: An increasing trend was observed for four climate factors (all but Sea Ice Extent) since the early 1900s. Sea Ice Extent shows a consistent decreasing trend dropping to a new minimum, year after year. Among all factors, the Sea Surface Temperature shows a decreasing trend between the late 1800s and the early 1900s. It reaches its minimum in 1911 and has experienced an increasing trend since then. Our observations agree with the global heat content map during this time interval between 1880 and 2017. The heat content in the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia shows an increasing trend since the late 1800s. It agrees with what was observed in the Land Temperature anomalies. In contrast, the heat content of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans shows a decreasing trend from the late 1800s to the early 1900s when its trend turns the course to an increasing trend.

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Lee, Michael Jeehoon. "The Taming of God: Revealed Religion and Natural Religion in the Eighteenth-Century Harvard Dudleian Lectures". New England Quarterly 83, nr 4 (grudzień 2010): 641–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00046.

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In the mid–1700s, America's religious leaders feared deism, but by the early 1800s, it had faded from view. The death of its leaders and the rise of pietistic Christianity have been charged with its downfall. At one of its purported hotbeds—Harvard College—another possibility emerges: deism disappeared because, at least in some crucial arenas, it had triumphed, and thus deists were appeased.

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Cox, D., i B. Carr. "Late 1800s Fringe Electrotherapeutic Devices: Comparative Electrical Capabilities". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S261—S262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.672.

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Introduction Desperation for cure led to 19th century invention-- electrotherapeutic devices; replete with hyperbolic claims of cure-all, perceived ineffectiveness, and potential harm rendered the modality as quackery but were used in early brain stimulation, melancholia treatment, and cortex mapping. Here, antique devices are restored, and their electrophysiological qualities ascertained. Objectives Determine the comparative capabilities of these devices in delivering electrostimulation and compare with modern standards to understand possible electrophysiological sequelae. Methods Devices known as “medical batteries” were analyzed. Power delivery utilized a “voltaic battery”, simple circuit, and a conductor wrapped around an iron core. When the circuit is energized, the core is magnetized by direct current of the battery which induces an alternating current that electrifies probes used on the body. Due to their marked age, a common 9-volt battery was exchanged for the corrosive dry cell paste batteries. Electrical parameters were then measured. Results Table 1 Device Frequency (Hz) Resistance (Ohms) Max Output (Amps) Min Output (Amps) Max Output (Volts) Min Output (Volts) Voltampa 2k – 12K 60 0.66 0.33 60V 20V J.H. Bunnell & Co.’s No. 4 D.D. 7k-10k 50 6 0.4 300V 20V Schall & Son (London)b 300-1200 40 10.5 2.75 420V 110V Conclusions Devices for electrotherapeutics ranged from anemic vibrations to dangerous tetany inducing shocks. Measuring the capabilities of these devices shows the robust yields possible if the original higher capacity batteries were utilized. The reality is, cure or not, the devices were surprisingly potent. It is interesting that, albeit unrefined, efficacious doses were available before modern electrification. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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