Rozprawy doktorskie: „1800s”

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Shah, Neet. "Early Psychiatry: From Ancient Times to the late 1800s". The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626594.

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Bozeva-Abazi, Katrin. "The shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian national identities, 1800s-1900s". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19473.

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The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. The historical data examined demonstrate that before the establishment of their sovereign states ordinary Serbs and Bulgarians had only a vague idea, if any, of their national identity. The peasantry was accustomed to defining itself in terms of religion, locality and occupation, not in terms of nationality. Once the nation state was established peasants had to be indoctrinated in nationalism. The inculcation was executed through the schooling system, military conscription, the Christian Orthodox Church, and the press. It was through the channels of these state institutions that a national identity came into existence.

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Skaria, Ajay. "A forest polity in western India : the Dangs; 1800s-1920s". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335238.

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Lafont, Anne. "Une Jeunesse artistique sous la Révolution : Giro det avant 1800s". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040152.

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La thèse porte sur la première carrière du peintre Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson (1767-1824) c'est-à-dire sur son activité depuis le début de son pensionnat parisien en 1774 jusqu'à sa première commande professionnelle en 1800. Son œuvre de jeunesse est étudié sous deux aspects principaux : l'ambition que Girodet donna à ces années d'expérience et d'apprentissage qu'il savait éphémères, et les conséquences favorables de la Révolution française (conjoncture historique particulière) sur son audace artistique. L'essai est articulé en neuf chapitres au cours desquels la vie du jeune peintre est reconstituée précisément (ses rencontres artistiques les plus décisives sont étudiées ; ses quêtes esthétiques sont identifiées ; ses conditions de vie matérielles et son entourage sont également révélés) et deux derniers chapitres analysant son style tant au plan formel que thématique. Le catalogue de 144 notices est à la fois le fondement de l'essai et son complément indispensable
The dissertation examines the early career of the painter Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson (1767-1824) : his activity from the beginning of his Parisian studies in 1774 until his first professional commission in 1800. Two principal aspects of his early work are examined : the ambitions Girodet brought to these years of apprenticeship and experimentation (which he knew would not be long-lasting), and the favorable consequences of the French Revolution (a unique historical moment) on his artistic audacity. The essay is divided into nine chapters which reconstitute the life of the young painter (his most decisive encounters with other artists are considered, his aesthetic investigations are identified, the material conditions of his life and his social network are explored) and two final chapters analyze his style, both on the formal and the thematic level. The catalogue of 144 entries is at once the foundation of the essay and its indispensable complement

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Lewis, Mischka Jade. "Artistic Interventions in the Historical Remembering of Cape slavery, c.1800s". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8076.

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Magister Artium - MA
This mini-thesis thesis intends to grapple with silences by looking the possibilities of reconceptualising archives through notions of “traces,” “absence,” and “fragments.” Examining archives as bodies of knowledge, a window to telling us something about pastpresent- future representations is to think about navigating archives of colonialism and slavery as sites of historical memory. The aim of this paper is to enter the pedagogical problem of remembering and gendered representational voids by seeking to explore how artistic representations offer insights in the absence of detail in the colonial archives. In exploring the relationship between bodies, remembering and the historical trauma of slavery and colonialisation, specifically in relation to historical corporeal and flesh narratives attached to indigenous black women, and how women negotiate these meanings through embodied interventions in (post-) slavery South Africa. The positioning of the body as an archive probes questions on how the memory of traumatic wounding in a (post-)slavery South Africa body politics are inscribed to convey meaning, memory and identity. The notions of embodiment that this thesis is concerned with asks in what ways can we creatively and imaginatively re-construct, outside of conventional historiographies and knowledge(s), that which has been disembowled through colonial dominating narratives of enslaved subjects?

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Cameron, D. M. "The contest over the control of the nineteenth-century universities of Scotland and England". Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54197/.

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This thesis studies the reform of the nineteenth century universities of Scotland and England in terms of the conflict between the aristocracy, the professions and the mercantile section of the middle class. A methodology has been developed that draws on the secondary sources on the universities to identify the main characters involved in certain debates relating to university reform. The work consists of the study of the original correspondence of the central persons involved in specific changes in the two university systems. These sources have been set into a context constructed from the study of newspaper reports, pamphlets, essays, speeches and other accessible pieces. A background chapter on the main contrasts betw--en the university systems in Scotland and England in the years before the Victorian age is followed by three chapters that focus on parellel developments in the two university systems in three distinct periods. By juxtaposing the events in (1) the 1820s and 1830s, (2) the 1850s and (3) the 1870s and 1880s the thesis indicates that differences in the reforms of the various parts of the systems in the two countries can be related to the resolution of local compromises between the aristocracy, the professions and the mercantile wing of the middle class that reflected the relative strength of those classes in the local areas. By concentrating on events in this way the thesis draws conclusions which cast doubt on the analysis presented by G. E. Davie in his work 'The Democratic Intellect'. The study concludes that the ideas associated with the three identified contending interest groups had a divergent impact on Oxford and Cambridge, on the universities of Scotland and on the newer civic universities as the century unfolded.

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Techapinyawat, Rheana. "The Evolution of Opium and Anesthesia: From the Ancient Sumerians to 1800s". The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626597.

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Smith, Neville Benjamin. "The history of vocational education's role in educating the disadvantaged, 1800s to 1963". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27988.

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Garnett, E. J. "Aspects of the relationship between Protestant ethics and economic activity in mid-Victorian England". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381860.

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Persson, Petter. "Maximum element temperature for Kanthal Super 1800S in flowing nitrogen atmosphere with low content of oxygen". Thesis, Uppsala University, Materials Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121411.

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Abstract

The behavior for MoSi₂ based high temperature heating elements for resistive heating has been examined in elevated temperature and low oxygen content environment. MoSi₂ spontaneously forms a protective SiO₂ scale at high temperature if the amount of oxygen in the ambient atmosphere is sufficient according to the following reaction:

5MoSi₂ + 7O₂(g)  7SiO₂ + Mo₅Si₃

If the oxygen content at a specific temperature is too low, SiO(g) is more stable than SiO₂ and the following reaction will occur instead:

2SiO₂  2SiO(g) + O₂(g)

Then surface will be Si-deplated and finally, the base material will be exposed. Si and Mo will oxidize and degas from the surface as SiO and MoO₃ with severe diameter reduction of the heating element as a result. It is therefore of high interest to find the relationship between the maximum element temperature and the oxygen content in the ambient atmosphere to be able to fully exploit the potential of the heating elements and also to aid and help diagnose customer complaints.

After 14 full scale tests in a custom made atmospheric furnace, the following equation could be calculated:

p(O₂) = 1.748·10^{0.01677·T·log(e)-10}

The equation gives the minimum oxygen content at a specified temperature. The equation is based on 100 hours tests at atmospheric pressure, gas flow rate of 4 liter per minute, varying temperature and varying oxygen content. Nitrogen has been used as carrier gas for the oxygen.

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Tipton, Jessica Elizabeth. "Multilingualism in the Russian nobility : a case study on the Vorontsov family (mid-1700s to mid-1800s)". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.761206.

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Mulaudzi, Lufuno J. P. "Historicising the politics of vhuhosivhuhulu : the Venda polity and state formation in South Africa, c.1800s-2020". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76929.

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This thesis offers a critical narrative of the history of the conflicts around the vhuhosivhuhulu (“kingship”) of the Venda polity over the last three centuries, with a stronger emphasis on events as from the second half of the twentieth century, and specifically the way history had been employed in the political arena. The point of departure was to critique and revise the views of scholars who had previously focused solely on the Venda history in their attempt to ascertain what the motives of the disputing parties were. My argument had been that academic research on a discourse as complex as the Venda history ought also to consider the role of external forces in the making of the vhuhosivhuhulu of the Venda polity. The first chapter introduces the most prominent scholars in the making of historical narratives about the Venda polity. The second chapter frames the study within a broader discourse on rulership disputes in postcolonial Africa. The next three chapters provide a long view of external interferences in Venda succession disputes as extracted from major historical narratives. The last section of the study investigates power struggles amongst the Venda ruling houses within the context of the shaping of the modern South African state, through apartheid and into the post-1994 democratic dispensation. It illustrates how the fate of traditional leadership was treated in the investigations and findings of three successive commissions, popularly referred to as the Mushasha, Ralushai and Nhlapo Commissions, respectively. A chapter is then dedicated to perspectives on the issue of vhuhosivhuhulu as expressed by vhothovhele and magota of the Venda polity in interviews. The outspoken frankness of the interlocutors revealed a lot about the significance of vhuhosivhuhulu in current South African politics, and the contending parties’ knowledge of, selection from, interpretation and employment of popular as well as scholarly historical narratives within this context. The study is concluded at a time when two contenders within the Mphephu Ramabulana family (one of them, for the first time in history, a woman) are unleashing the full potential of the South African legal system (Councils of Traditional Leaders, Supreme Court of Appeal, Constitutional Court) to assert their right to the vhuhosivhuhulu of the Venda polity.
Thesis (DPhil (History))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Historical and Heritage Studies
DPhil (History)
Unrestricted

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Håkansson, Ola. "”Barnen är som flyttfåglar” : En kvalitativ fallstudie av en bondefamiljs brevsamling från 1800-talet". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65803.

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The purpose of this essay was to study how people could react to the changes of the society and modernization during the 1800s. The study is based on a qualitative method and the material for this study has been letters that belong to a peasantry family from Sunne, Värmland in Sweden. The purpose with this case studie has been to find out what the letter says about peoples experiences and conditions during the modernization. In this studie the theory of modernization has been limited to geographical mobility and individualism in purpose to see how the correspondent writes about these modern phenomenon. The results show a collectivistic character, but also how the modernization and geographical mobility challenge this concept. The letters also show a interaction between the character of the peasant society and modernization.

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Svensson, Angelica. "Män, kvinnor, näckar och näckikor : En kvalitativ studie om den småländska näcken under 1800-talet ur ett genushistoriskt perspektiv". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Ämnesforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40633.

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This study examines stories from the 1800s about the Swedish folklore creature Näcken with the purpose to define what kind of view on gender they are presenting. The geographical area in focus is the Swedish south province Småland. The ambition is to see how the stories describe the thinking, acting and meaning about gender and authority. This will also be studied in relation to the norms and ideals of gender that dominated in the 1800s. Former studies has shown that the view of folklore and gender interacted and carried each other in the 1600s and the 1700s. There are also research that indicate that the creature Näcken maintained gender patterns in the 1800s. This research determines more general patterns concerning gender and has not done a more firmly analysis in relation to the change in the view on gender which took place between the 1700s and the 1800s, which this study intend to do by using Yvonne Hirdman’s gender system as a theoretical framework. The result has shown that the understandings of Näcken had a role to play in the context of social control, seeing as the understandings affected the behavior of people. The most clear message the stories expresses is that men had more capacity to act than women, which is in line with the 1800s ideals about gender that derived from a polarization norm. This can also be seen in the context in which the meeting with Näcken took place, namely the in the context of work and other activities, but not in connection to physical places in line with the polarization norm, in which the women should have met the creature closer to the farm and the men’s meeting should have more distance from the farm. The stories also expresses a valuing of characteristics which were highly valued as norms in the 1800s. The characteristics also have a moral dimension. Men with highly valued characteristics were more likely to succeed with their attempts and had bigger chances of escaping Näcken. Within the moral spectrum one can find a Christian motive as well, since warnings about neglecting the religion takes place. For women though, the stories’ moral dimension spoke about precepts and the negative consequences which could follow if the women did not practice restraint and carefulness. From the 1600s and 1700s to the 1800s Småland, there is also a continuity regarding sexual relationships between women and Näcken to be found. Those kinds of relationships are rare to find in the sources.

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Roy, Stephanie. "Early photography in India, 1850s-1870s". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414479.

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Winqvist, Camilla. "Snusförnuft. J A Boman & Co och dess anpassningsförmåga : En företagshistoria om en tobaksfirma i Göteborg år 1847-1915". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för historia och samtidsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-23570.

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This essay is a business history about the Swedish midsized tobacco company J A Boman & Co, previously Ferd Körner and Körner & Boman, which was part of the blooming tobacco industry in Sweden during the 19th century. One purpose of the essay is to fill a gap within both business history in general and the study of tobacco companies in particular, since they both tend to favor studies on larger companies. The other purpose is to find a methodological way to study a smaller sized, older company with very few sources from the actual company. The essay seeks to answer questions about the company’s production history and how it changed over the years. The study takes use of both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine the company and how it developed over time. It is not an essay deeply embedded in theory, it rather seeks to use different theoretical approaches. One approach is a micro level macro theory, that claims that a company only can be understood through the macro level and that the company, itself being the micro level, can deliver exciting new findings that creates a deeper understanding for the macro level. Throughout the essay, the company’s production statistics are examined, and combined with newspaper articles, letters and previous academic works within the field, the essay closes in on answers to the questions that were introduced in the beginning. The examination of the company finds that the midsized company managed to survive through adaptability to its time and circumstances. The company chose to sell their products through merchants instead of directly to the consumers, unlike most of the other tobacco companies at the time. The methodological problem, which was part of the essay’s purpose, was resolved by the combined method described earlier in the abstract, although the essay would admittedly have been better if there had been some papers left from the examined company.

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Wang, Hsien-chun. "Transferring western technology into China, 1840s-1880s". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530085.

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Dent, Shirley. "Iniquitous symmetries : aestheticism and secularism in the reception of William Blake's works in books and periodicals during the 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2904/.

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This thesis examines Blake's posthumous reception, focusing particularly on the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s as decades in which Blake's reputation was both consolidated as a poet and artist, and invigorated as a radical sympathizer. As Blake's texts and life were being formed and re-formed in physically and conceptually elaborate books, such as Alexander Gilchrist's The Life of William Blake and Algernon Charles Swinburne's William Blake: a critical essay, significant and innovative appropriations of Blake's poetry and illustrations were made in Republican and freethinking periodicals and pamphlets. This thesis recovers some of that material. Retrieving the influence of such "low culture" ephemera on the "high" culture of Pre-Raphaelite creativity allows the Victorian Blake to emerge as a multi-faceted, contradictory production: both secular iconoclast and mystical visionary, blasphemous sibyl and poet of social justice. Nineteenth-century readings and reproductions of Blake are a chronicle of freethought and freeform. The multiplicity of Blake in this period, in both reproduction and interpretation, enables a questioning of books and periodicals as mediums of representation. Blake's reproduction in the nineteenth century coincides with, and yet confounds, Foucauldian configurations of nineteenth-century representation. Although Blake is depicted as a lone, isolated individual - often labouring under the insane tag - this does not simply signify an epistemological nadir of vacuous, disconnected individualism, such as Foucault identifies. On the contrary, this thesis seeks to prove that the enthusiasm for Blake in the 1860s, 1870s and 1880s is facilitated by a deep connectivity of medium and message, and between different mediums and different messages. The political stance of Secularism meets the cultural concerns of Aestheticism, both reproducing Blake through technology that improvises upon and rejuvenates Blake's own unique craft.

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Kareno, Emma. "Sherlock's pharmacy : drugs in detective stories, 1860s to 1890s". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21824.

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This work examines the significance of drugs in Victorian stories of detection through a selection of detective fiction published between the years 1860 and 1890. The main purpose of the work is to show how these texts make a specific link between drugs and detection, and use this link to engage themselves in questions concerning reading and the consumption of fiction. I wish to argue, first, that drugs play a significant role in Victorian detective stories as a device to produce a sense of mystery and excitement in these texts. Secondly, I shall hope to show how this is achieved especially by presenting detection as having the drug-like qualities of intoxication and addiction. And thirdly, I shall examine how this particular characterisation of detection evokes a conception of detective fiction as a drug and invites the reader to consider her experience of reading in terms of an experience of drugs. In short, drugs, in these narratives, do not appear as a mere theme or a plot element, but can be seen to affect the very narrative form and structure of the fiction.

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Fox, Celina. "Graphic journalism in England during the 1830s and 1840s /". New York ; London : Garland publ, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37502240g.

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Lefort, Luc. "Le Génie du paysage : l'idéologie paysagère dans la littérature française des années 1800". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030009/document.

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Le premier romantisme, au tournant du XIXe siècle, serait l’héritier du rousseauisme. Il nous semble pourtant lire une rupture radicale entre l’idée de nature comme l’entend le XVIIIe siècle et l’idée de paysage telle que l’expriment les jeunes écrivains des années 1800.L’idée de nature reste envisagée, jusqu’à la Révolution, comme le décor idéal d’un bonheur possible, dont témoignent, jusque sur le terrain, les paysagistes de la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Du jardin régulier au jardin paysager, le paysage n’est toujours conçu que comme le fond du tableau. Au lendemain de la Révolution, le paysage prend un tout autre sens. Il n’est plus l’écrin divin où doit s’épanouir l’homme raisonnable, il est devenu la figure sublime d’une nouvelle relation qu’a l’homme à lui-même. Les représentations de la culture des Lumières reposaient sur la transcendance et la verticalité ; elles font place aux représentations de la pensée romantique, construite sur l’immanence et l’horizontalité.Le paysage, en s’élevant ainsi au statut de concept, induit un nouveau rapport au temps et à l’espace, redéfinit le point de vue et l’horizon, fait primer le rapport sur l’essence. Cette métamorphose des représentations, qui signe l’entrée dans l’ère contemporaine, nous semble l’effet le plus profond du bouleversement qu’a produit la Révolution. Il convient, c’est notre thèse, de parler de l’émergence d’une idéologie paysagère, pour ces années 1800, si l’on veut comprendre ce qui engendre à la fois la littérature des Senancour, Germaine de Staël, Chateaubriand, la philosophie des Destutt de Tracy, Maine de Biran, et l’essor tant des sciences physiques, avec Georges Cuvier, que des sciences humaines, avec Jean-Baptiste Say, pour citer nos principaux auteurs
The first romanticism at the turn of the 19th century would be the successor to Rousseauism. However, we believe this translates into a radical break between the idea of nature as understood in the 18th century and the idea of landscape as expressed by the young writers in the 1800s. Until the Revolution, the idea of nature is still considered as the ideal setting for potential happiness, as evidenced, even on the ground, by landscape designers at the end of the former Regime. From the regular garden to the landscaped garden, landscape was only ever designed as a background. In the wake of the Revolution, landscape takes on a whole new meaning. It is no longer the divine setting where the intelligent man flourishes, but becomes the sublime figure of a new relationship that the man has with himself. Representations of the Enlightenment culture were based on transcendence and verticality; these give way to representations of romantic thought, built on immanence and horizontality.Thus elevated to the status of concept, the landscape gives rise to a new relationship with time and space, redefines the view point and the horizon and prioritises the relationship on the essence. We believe that this transformation of representations, which heralds the entry into the modern era, is the most profound effect of the upheaval caused by the Revolution. Our thesis claims that it is important to talk about the emergence of a landscape ideology for these 1800s if we are to understand what leads not only to the literature of Senancour, Germaine de Staël and Chateaubriand, but also the philosophy of Destutt de Tracy and Maine de Biran as well as the growth in the physical sciences, with Georges Cuvier, and the human sciences, with Jean-Baptiste Say, to quote our principal authors

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Wong, Liu Shueng. "As the bamboo sings". AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/944.

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The research question considers the possibility that culture and identity impedes Chinese New Zealanders from writing fiction about their own culture, and considers a Chinese New Zealand history as interpreted from a Chinese perspective. The research looks at various elements related to this question, such as Chinese as strangers or foreigners, the pressure to conform, and the role of communities.

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Ohlers, R. Clinton. "The roots of inerrancy a comparison of late twentieth-century Anglo-American Protestant perceptions of the origins of the doctrine of biblical inerrancy with those of the late 1800s /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Kindell, Alexandra. "Settling the sunset land California and its family farmers, 1850s-1890s /". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2006.

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Banks, Kirsten Francesca. "The John Murray Archive, 1820s-1840s : (re)establishing the house identity". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17858.

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This thesis examines the continuing growth of the House of Murray during the 1820s-1840s. Prior to the 1820s, Murray had enjoyed massive success with the publications of the work of Lord Byron, whose celebrity, and the profits generated, contributed significantly to the House’s prestigious reputation. Murray’s move from Fleet Street to Albemarle Street in 1812 also signified the House’s shift from bookselling to publishing, which enabled Murray to attract an increasing number of high-profile names from the worlds of literature, travel and exploration, the sciences, and politics. Murray’s drawing-room at Albemarle Street became renowned throughout the trade for its gentlemanly gatherings, comprising of the luminaries of the day. The four chapters of this thesis explore how Murray (re)established the House identity in different markets during the 1820s-1840s, as the Romantic epoch diffused into an increasingly commercialised era, with new production methods, an expanding marketplace, and increasing competition. Chapter One considers Murray’s use of the drawing room at Albemarle Street to construct a House identity amongst selected members of his inner circle. It also looks at the importance of the Byronic legacy to the House and the means by which Murray sought to protect it. Chapter Two engages with the contrasting side of the House, namely the ‘cheap’ publications, which Murray published in response to the growth of this market in the late-1820s and early-1830s. During this time Murray used some of his well-established assets, such as Byron, Crabbe and the Quarterly Review, to retain the prestige of the House, while attempting to reach new readers within the burgeoning middle class. Chapter Three examines Murray’s correspondence with some of his female authors to consider how the House responded to authors of both genders, and, with reference to ongoing scholarship regarding ‘women’s writing’, questions the veracity of a gender-centric approach when applied to the study of archival materials; the chapter’s findings suggest that both Murray’s male and female authors were treated similarly. The final chapter explores how Murray strove to retain control over the House’s reputation as international trading possibilities developed. The roots of the 'Handbooks' and the 'Colonial and Home Library' are also traced back further than has previously been considered, and read within the context of the ongoing re-branding of Byron discussed in Chapters One and Two. The House’s literary figures, and the Quarterly Review, were used by Murray in the 1840s to promote the values and prestige of the House in America, Europe and the Colonies. This thesis offers much previously unpublished archival material from the John Murray Archive at the National Library of Scotland. It builds upon previous scholarship on John Murray and seeks to contextualise some of these lines of enquiry through providing a sustained study of the House during the 1820s-1840s. It uses quantitative analysis, where possible, to provide further grounding for some of its claims, and situates the findings within the growing body of research in this area. It is the underlying aim of this thesis to foreground the House’s shift from the ‘Romanticism’ of the early-nineteenth century towards the ‘commercialism’ of the mid-nineteenth century, whilst serving as a point of reference for further scholarship on the John Murray Archive during this time period.

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Hobbs, Roger, i n/a. "The builders of Shoalhaven 1840s-1890s : a social history and cultural geography". University of Canberra. Design & Architecture, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.163159.

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According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters. The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.

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Skelding, Hilary. "Girls' literature of the 1880s and 1890s : new developments in women's writing". Thesis, Keele University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339843.

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Floyd, Janet. "Leaving the world : narratives of emigration and frontier life written by women in Upper Canada and the Old Northwest". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239577.

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Hung, Kuang-Chi. "Finding Patterns in Nature: Asa Gray's Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830s-1860s)". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3600183.

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It is well known that American botanist Asa Gray's 1859 paper on the floristic similarities between Japan and the United States was among the earliest applications of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory in plant geography. Commonly known as Gray's "disjunction thesis," Gray's diagnosis of that previously inexplicable pattern not only provoked his famous debate with Louis Agassiz but also secured his role as the foremost advocate of Darwin and Darwinism in the United States. Making use of previously unknown archival materials, this dissertation examines the making of Gray's disjunction thesis and its relation to his collecting networks. I first point out that, as far back as the 1840s, Gray had identified remarkable "analogies" between the flora of East Asia and that of North America. By analyzing Gray and his contemporaries' "free and liberal exchange of specimens," I argue that Gray at the time was convinced that "a particular plan" existed in nature, and he considered that the floristic similarities between Japan and eastern North America manifested this plan. In the 1850s, when Gray applied himself to enumerating collections brought back by professional collectors supported by the subscription system and appointed in governmental surveying expeditions, his view of nature was then replaced by one that regarded the flora as merely "a catalogue of species." I argue that it was by undertaking the manual labor of cataloging species and by charging subscription fees for catalogued species that Gray established his status as a metropolitan botanist and as the "mint" that produced species as a currency for transactions in botanical communities. Finally, I examine the Gray-Darwin correspondence in the 1850s and the expedition that brought Gray's collector to Japan. I argue that Gray's thesis cannot be considered Darwinian as historians of science have long understood the term, and that its conception was part of the United States' scientific imperialism in East Asia. In light of recent studies focusing on the history of field sciences, this dissertation urges that a close examination of a biogeographical discovery like Gray's thesis is impossible without considering the institutional, cultural, and material aspects that tie the closets of naturalists to the field destinations of collectors.

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Chambers, Emily. "The immigration of domestic servants to Western Australia in the 1850s and 1890s". Thesis, Chambers, Emily (2017) The immigration of domestic servants to Western Australia in the 1850s and 1890s. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38302/.

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The demand for domestic servants in nineteenth-century Western Australia was largely supplied by the government-assisted immigration of parties of single British women to the colony. The two greatest times of servant immigration were, roughly, the 1850s (1849-63) and the 1890s (1889-1901). This thesis compares these decades, showing that, despite changes over time in the women who immigrated to Western Australia, their experience of restrictions in both the journey and domestic service remained consistent. The government in charge of servant immigration changed from the 1850s to 1890s, thus shifting the motives for assisting female immigrants. But this had little effect on the type of women who immigrated, as their decision on whether to immigrate was determined by the position and appeal of the colony at the time. There were also continuities between the decades, with the women consistently finding themselves restricted by rules and lacking in agency. During the voyage, shipboard protective controls served to limit their actions while controls in the hiring process favoured colonial employers at the expense of the servants. Rather than gradually developing over time, these controls had existed from the start of servant immigration. The restrictions on the women continued through to their time in domestic service, where variations in conditions and their live-in work made them dependent on their employers. They were also socially distanced from and made subordinate to their mistresses, a position which was supported by colonial laws and press. Opportunities to resist the limitations of service increased from the 1850s to 1890s, but always included moving on, either to a different position or to marry.

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Wright, Christine A. "'Really respectable settlers' : Peninsular War veterans in the Australian colonies, 1820s and 1830s". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9884.

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As the Napoleonic Wars convulsed Europe during the early nineteenth century, many more British young men than ever before became army officers, particularly during the latter part of the conflict, fought in Spain and Portugal between 1808 and 1814. The Peninsular War provided not only employment, but also the opportunity to climb the social ladder. As this thesis will demonstrate, the majority of British army commissions in this period were not purchased, and it was these men who later came to settle in the Australian colonies. After the demobilization of the British army following the battle of Waterloo in 1815, many officers found themselves on half-pay, doing the rounds of government offices seeking colonial positions; some were successful and were appointed to New South Wales. As well, many of those who came to New South Wales in garrison regiments, from 1817 onwards, found the place appealing and decided to settle. These British army officers, and those others who came in the next couple of decades, were a unique group of emigrants because of the skills they brought with them acquired in the army: self-discipline, self-reliance, the knowledge of how to discipline men, reconnaissance and exploring techniques, mapping, survey, engineering, town planning, medical skills and the building of roads and bridges. They were also Protestant, educated, literate and artistic men, and the carriers of British colonizing notions. They arrived at an opportune time to fill key positions in the newly created civil services in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land. They also took advantage of British government regulations and obtained land grants under favourable conditions, something hitherto unattainable for them in Britain. In any case, it was mutually beneficial for the British Government and the Australian colonies to plant ex-army officers in what was the colony farthest away from Britain. Also revealed are the social networks created by Peninsular War veterans on the other side of the world, and their influence in the Australian colonies. These networks made an impact on the exercise of the law, marriage and settlement patterns, and the social and public life of the colonies. Many of the men who in earlier histories have been called 'the founding fathers' of Australia had a Peninsular War background and developed related social networks. John Macarthur proposed to Commissioner Bigge in1821 that the colony of New South Wales needed 'really respectable settlers'. Peninsular War veterans proved to be ideal in this respect, and in many others besides. The role of these veterans demonstrates key aspects of the emergence of the 'second' British Empire in the early nineteenth century, and also the change in the nature of the colony of New South Wales, from a penal and military society to a free one.

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Abe, Kaori. "The city of intermediaries : Compradors in Hong Kong from the 1830s to the 1880s". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665457.

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The compradors (maiban), who were intermediary elites, played key roles in the formulation of the fundamental social system of the Hong Kong, the system of intermediation, from the 1830s to the 1880s. This system depends on the existence of coordinators mediating between the commercial and political interests of a variety of people and groups; the integration of human, financial, and information resources; and the intermediary elites' participation in public issues. My PhD research explores Chinese compradors serving foreign institutions in Hong Kong in the nineteenth century. It describes the evolution of the comprador system in nineteenth century Hong Kong, with specific focus on individuals working in the colonial government and with foreign companies. The First Opium War dismantled and privatised the licensed comprador system between the late 1830s and the early 1840s. Thereafter, a variety of compradors appeared in Hong Kong, including government compradors, ship compradors, and company compradors. Of these, the company compradors, who acted as internal staff of the foreign firms as well as their external business, achieved notable economic and political success during the 1870s and 1880s. Collaborating with various individuals, institutions, and communities, the company compradors consolidated their social status in the commercial and political world of Hong Kong by the late 1880s. The Hong Kong compradors' socio-economic activities eventually produced the social system of intermediation in late nineteenth century Hong Kong. After the return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the city continues to be a commercial centre of East Asia, and to intermediate foreign and Chinese economies, politics, and culture. This thesis will promote further understanding of the contemporary society and people of Hong Kong.

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Day, Leanne M. "Civilising the City: Literary Societies and Clubs in Brisbane during the 1880s and 1890s". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365426.

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The central argument of this thesis is that, for all their differences of membership, affiliation, and program, the various literary organisations formed in Brisbane in the 1880s and 1890s variously contributed to the definition, creation and promotion of what we would now call 'civility' in a colonial society that was widely perceived, even by its own inhabitants, as raw, rude and 'un-civil'.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

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Irigoin, Maria Alejandra. "Finance, politics and economics in Buenos Aires, 1820s-1860s : the political economy of currency stabilisation". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312025.

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Sysak, Janusz Aleksander. "The natural philosophy Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge". Connect to thesis, 2000. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2866.

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This thesis aims to show that Coleridge's thinking about science was inseparable from and influenced by his social and political concerns. During his lifetime, science was undergoing a major transition from mechanistic to dynamical modes of explanation. Coleridge's views on natural philosophy reflect this change. As a young man, in the mid-1790s, he embraced the mechanistic philosophy of Necessitarianism, especially in his psychology. In the early 1800s, however, he began to condemn the ideas to which he had previously been attracted. While there were technical, philosophical and religious reasons for this turnabout, there were also major political ones. For he repeatedly complained that the prevailing 'mechanical philosophy' of the period bolstered emerging liberal and Utilitarian philosophies based ultimately on self-interest. To combat the 'commercial' ideology of early nineteenth century Britain, he accordingly advocated an alternative, 'dynamic' view of nature, derived from German Idealism. I argue that Coleridge championed this 'dynamic philosophy' because it sustained his own conservative politics, grounded ultimately on the view that states possess an intrinsic unity, so are not the product of individualistic self-interest.

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Winther, Leslie. "Från Japan till Sundborn : En undersökning av Karin Larssons textilier". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435083.

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The present essay explores artworks of Karin Larsson through the feminist theoretical field of studies. The following three textile works were in the centre of the study, Kärlekens ros, Duk med tecken and Sashiko-gardin. The connection between japonisme, Japanese inspired art, and Karin Larssons art works were studied. Through feminist theories by art historians such as Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock the experience of being a woman in the 1800s affected the works of Karin Larsson were discussed. It was found that Karin Larssons upbringing and education as a woman differs from the usual male art student, which affected her art works. The subjects of her art works were also often the result of personal experiences. Furthermore, a correlation between the art works and Japanese woodblocks and Japanese embroidery techniques were identified.

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Fiorussi, André. "Jóias novas de prata antiga: artifício e versatilidade na poesia de Rubén Darío". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-15092008-151224/.

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Atenta a categorias poéticas em uso no fim do século XIX, esta dissertação de mestrado estuda algumas das escolhas efetuadas pelo poeta nicaragüense Rubén Darío (1867-1916) na busca de satisfazer e, ao mesmo tempo, alargar as exigências diversas de seus leitores contemporâneos. Identificam-se o artifício e a versatilidade como elementos fundamentais pelos quais o poeta obteve o apreço de seu público. O capítulo I expõe brevemente o estado atual da recepção à poesia de Darío para, então, investigar as origens do processo de constituição histórica de sua autoridade poética, ocupando-se sobretudo de algumas questões que nortearam a sua primeira recepção tanto na América como na Europa. No capítulo II, estudam-se duas categorias relevantes para uma compreensão histórica dessa poesia: elegância (preceito representativo adequado à inserção da poesia nas práticas cultas e ultracivilizadas do fim do século XIX) e harmonia (elemento de estilo que operava não só no nível fônico, na beleza sonora, como também na sintaxe, na metáfora, na métrica, na versificação, na escolha dos temas e assuntos etc.). No capítulo III, a análise de poemas selecionados procura demonstrar a pertinência do recorte proposto pela identificação de usos da elegância e da harmonia em três gêneros diversos praticados por Darío: o elogio, a epístola em verso e as \"visões\", relacionadas mais intimamente com a poética chamada simbolista. O capítulo IV aborda criticamente a noção de musicalidade, buscando ampliá-la para explicar uma série de procedimentos e técnicas pelas quais se poderão diferenciar com mais clareza as escolhas autorais e os elementos comuns às poéticas vigentes em seu tempo.
Taking into account the poetical categories in use at the end of the 19th century, this dissertation examines some of the options chosen and worked by the Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío (1867-1916) in order to satisfy and, at the same time, expand the diverse demands of his contemporary readers. We have centered upon artifice and versatility as key elements by which the poet managed to receive his public\'s applause. Chapter I begins with the current state of the reception of Darío\'s poetry in order to investigate the origins of the process of a historical constitution of his poetical authority, focusing mainly on certain issues which lay on the base of his first reception in America as well as in Europe. In chapter II, we have studied two relevant categories for a historical comprehension of this poetry: elegance (a representative precept appropriate to the insertion of poetry into the refined and ultra-civilized practices of the late 1800s) and harmony (an element of style which operated not only for the phonic level of poetry, for the sonorous beauty, but also for syntax, for metaphor, metrics, versification, choice of themes and subjects, etc.). In chapter III, the analysis of selected poems aims at unveiling the relevance of our methodology through identifying the uses of elegance and harmony in three diverse genres practiced by Darío: the laudatory, the epistles in verse, and the \"visions\", related more closely to the poetics called by the name of \"symbolist\". Chapter IV deals critically with the notion of musicality, expanding it in order to explain a series of procedures and techniques through which we are able to differentiate more clearly between personal choices and the elements which were common to the poetical practices of the poet\'s time.

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Colman, Maya Pearl. "Community, Connection, and Conflict; The Liminal Spaces of the Regents Canal and the Industrial Transition of London (1812-1900)". Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1625484195241175.

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Aytekin, Erden Attila. "Land, rural classes, and law agrarian conflict and state regulation in the Ottoman Empire, 1830s-1860s /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.

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Buhler, Doyle Leo. "Capturing the game| The artist-sportsman and early animal conservation in American hunting imagery, 1830s-1890s". Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567993.

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During the last half of the nineteenth century, American sportsmen-artists painted hunting-related images that were designed to promote the ideals of sporting behavior, conservationist thought, and the interests of elite sportsmen against non-elite hunters. Upper-class American attitudes regarding common hunters and trappers, the politics of land use, and the role of conservation in recreational hunting played a significant part in the construction of visual art forms during this period, art which, in turn, helped shape national dialogue on the protection and acceptable uses of wildlife.

This dissertation takes issues critical to mid-century American conservation thought and agendas, and investigates how they were embodied in American hunting art of the time. Beginning with depictions of recreational sportsmen during the era of conservationist club formation (mid-1840s), the discussion moves to representations of the lone trapper at mid-century. These figures were initially represented as a beneficial force in the conquest of the American frontier, but trappers and backwoodsmen became increasingly problematic due to an apparent disregard for game law and order. I explore the ways in which market hunting was depicted, and how it was contrasted with acceptable "sportsmanlike" hunting methods. Subsequent chapters consider the portrayal of the boy hunter, an essential feature to the sportsman's culture and its continuance, and the tumultuous relationship between elite sportsmen and their guides, who were known to illegally hunt off-season. The last chapters address the subject of the wild animal as heroic protagonist and dead game still life paintings, a pictorial type that represented the lifestyle of sportsmen and their concern for conservative catches and adherence to game law. Developments in conservation during the period were significantly tied to class and elitist aspirations, and artist-sportsmen merged these social prejudices with their agenda for game conservation. Their representations of hunting art both responded to and promoted the conservationist cause.

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Ginger, Andrew. "After Rousseau : the problem of art and nature in the Spain of the 1830s and 1840s". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321584.

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Buhler, Doyle Leo. "Capturing the game: the artist-sportsman and early animal conservation in American hunting imagery, 1830s-1890s". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2447.

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During the last half of the nineteenth century, American sportsmen-artists painted hunting-related images that were designed to promote the ideals of sporting behavior, conservationist thought, and the interests of elite sportsmen against non-elite hunters. Upper-class American attitudes regarding common hunters and trappers, the politics of land use, and the role of conservation in recreational hunting played a significant part in the construction of visual art forms during this period, art which, in turn, helped shape national dialogue on the protection and acceptable uses of wildlife. This dissertation takes issues critical to mid-century American conservation thought and agendas, and investigates how they were embodied in American hunting art of the time. Beginning with depictions of recreational sportsmen during the era of conservationist club formation (mid-1840s), the discussion moves to representations of the lone trapper at mid-century. These figures were initially represented as a beneficial force in the conquest of the American frontier, but trappers and backwoodsmen became increasingly problematic due to an apparent disregard for game law and order. I explore the ways in which market hunting was depicted, and how it was contrasted with acceptable "sportsmanlike" hunting methods. Subsequent chapters consider the portrayal of the boy hunter, an essential feature to the sportsman's culture and its continuance, and the tumultuous relationship between elite sportsmen and their guides, who were known to illegally hunt off-season. The last chapters address the subject of the wild animal as heroic protagonist and dead game still life paintings, a pictorial type that represented the lifestyle of sportsmen and their concern for conservative catches and adherence to game law. Developments in conservation during the period were significantly tied to class and elitist aspirations, and artist-sportsmen merged these social prejudices with their agenda for game conservation. Their representations of hunting art both responded to and promoted the conservationist cause.

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Wood, Leland K. "When the Locomotive Puffs: Corporate Public Relations of the First Transcontinental Railroad Builders". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1249568716.

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Gnappi, Carla Maria. "In the name of the past, and of present, and of the future?: Victorian utopias, 1870s-1890s". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/370.

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Pereira, Vicente Luis de Castro. "As muitas vidas de Luís de Camões: ressonâncias biográficas camonianas na literatura luso-brasileira oitocentista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8150/tde-15012016-125300/.

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Ao longo do século XIX luso-brasileiro, a biografia do poeta Luís Vaz de Camões emerge, reiteradas vezes, como matéria central de textos ficcionais pertencentes a gêneros literários diversos. No Portugal de Oitocentos, a constatação do estado de decadência da pátria lusitana, aliada a um desejo de restauração da grandeza nacional, resulta na retomada da figura de Camões como símbolo do saudoso passado imperial, cuja glória busca-se recuperar. No Brasil recém-independente, recriações literárias da biografia do poeta classicista português assinalam o estabelecimento de uma complexa relação entre as letras nacionais e as matrizes culturais europeias. A análise dos textos literários selecionados procura integrar, sob a perspectiva do comparatismo literário, os respectivos textos, autores e gêneros ao eixo unificador dos procedimentos ficcionais que configuram a tradição das ressonâncias biográficas camonianas. O diálogo entre literatura e história permite acompanhar a participação ativa de autores e obras em contextos histórico-culturais específicos, mas inter-relacionados. As relações entre ficção e biografia, por sua vez, apontam para a configuração de universos ficcionais a partir de elementos biográficos, com os quais devido à liberdade criadora do fazer artístico e às influências das ideologias e do imaginário , os artistas operam. O recorte observacional da pesquisa se insere, em grande medida, no arco temporal do período romântico, tendo início em 1825, com o poema inaugural do Romantismo português (Camões, de Almeida Garrett), e se estendendo até as comemorações do tricentenário da morte de Camões, em 1880 (ano em que vêm a público peças de Gomes Leal, Cipriano Jardim e Machado de Assis). No caso de Portugal, a década de 1870 já testemunha o desenvolvimento dos ideais estéticos do Realismo, com implicações sobre a própria configuração do culto a Luís Vaz de Camões, trabalhado ficcional e criticamente por Camilo Castelo Branco. De todo modo, no Brasil e em Portugal, entre os anos de 1825 e 1880, pode ser observado um tratamento específico da figura de Camões, inicialmente idealizada segundo os valores românticos (a exemplo de peças escritas por Luís Antônio Burgain, Casimiro de Abreu e Antônio Feliciano de Castilho), em um processo que conduz à consolidação definitiva do mito camoniano em dois países ligados, ao mesmo tempo, pelo passado colonial e por uma tradição cultural comum.
Throughout the Portuguese-Brazilian 19th century, the biography of the poet Luís Vaz de Camões emerges, repeated times, as the main topic of fictional texts belonging to different literary genres. In the Portugal of the 1800s , the assumption of the decaying state of the Portuguese nation, together with the restauration of the national greatness, reclaims Camoes as the symbol of a lost past, whose glory they aim to resurrect. In the recently independent Brazil, literary recreations of the classical Portuguese poets biography denote the establishment of a complex relation in what concerns the national letters and the cultural European matrixes. The analysis of the selected literary texts has the intention of integrating, under the perspective of literary comparatism, texts, authors and genre to the unifying axels of the fictional procedures that represent the tradition of the biographical resonance related to Camoes. The dialogue between Literature and History, on the other hand, leads to the designing of the fictional universes originated from the biographical elements, with which due to the creative freedom of the artistic action and to the influences of the ideologies and of the imaginary-, the artist works. The observational cut of the research is set, to a great extent, at the temporal period of the Romantic period, starting in 1825, with the inaugural poem of the Portuguese Romanticism (Camões, by Almeida Garrett) , up to the celebrations of the third centenary of Camoes death, in 1880 (being this the year when plays by Gomes Leal, Cipriano Jardim and Machado de Assis become known to the public). In what concerns Portugal, the 1870s are witnesses to the development of esthetical ideals of the Realism, with consequences to the configuration of the worship of Luís Vaz de Camões, used fictional and critically by Camilo Castelo Branco. Therefore, both in Brazil and Portugal, between 1825 and 1880, a specific treatment of Camoess image could be observed, initially idealized according to the Romantic values (plays written by Luís Antônio Burgain, Casimiro de Abreu e Antônio Feliciano de Castilho are examples), in a process that takes us to the definite consolidation of the myth towards Camoes in two countries connected by the colonial past and a common cultural tradition , as well.

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Rasekh, Muhammad Salih. "A Study of the Turkmen Dialects of Afghanistan". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18009.

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Mit dieser Studie wird der erstmalige Versuch unternommen, die turkmenischen Dialekte Afghanistans durch die Erhebung von umfangreichem Primärmaterial zu dokumentieren und ihre phonologischen, morphologischen und lexikalischen Merkmale kontrastiv zu beschreiben. Durch die Erfassung und Beschreibung soziolinguistischer Gegebenheiten wird darüber hinaus die Einbettung dieser Idiome in die sprachliche Landschaft Afghanistans zu erklären versucht. Die turkmenischen Dialekte Afghanistans zerfallen in zwei Großgruppen, die xāliṣ- und nāxāliṣ-Dialekte. Die Binnendifferenzierung koinzidiert, wie die Studie erbracht hat, weitestgehend, wenn auch nicht ausnahmslos, mit ethnischer Differenzierung (und nicht etwa mit geographischer Distribution). Das wichtigste Differenzierungsmerkmal der turkmenischen Dialekte ist die Phonologie; entsprechend viel Aufmerksamkeit widmet die Studie den phonologischen Merkmalen. Morphologisch sind die Dialekte dagegen weitgehend einheitlich, nur die nāxāliṣ-Dialekte zeigen gewisse signifikante Abweichungen; die Verbalmorphologie, auf deren Bearbeitung aus Kapazitätsgründen verzichtet werden musste, verspricht diesbezüglich allerdings weitere interessante Erkenntnisse. Bezüglich der Lexik wurden beispielhafte semantische Felder (z.B. Verwandtschaftsterminologie) bearbeitet, die nur wenige, aber aussagekräftige und teilweise unerwartete Abweichungen aufweisen. Die turkmenischen Dialekte Afghanistans zeigen soziolinguistisch betrachtet auffällige Verschiedenheiten entlang Gender-, Alters-, Standes- und geographischen Trennlinien. Die Studie erläutert außerdem die Position des Turkmenischen gegenüber dem generell dominanten Dari, dem in der Verbreitungsregion omnipräsenten Usbekischen, dem lokal bedeutenden Pašto und dem Türkeitürkischen, das durch seine mediale Präsenz und infolge von Migration angesichts der großen linguistischen Nähe zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Indem die Arbeit für alle thematisierten Phänomene umfangreiches Belegmaterial aus der Feldforschung vorlegt, ermöglicht sie nicht nur die Überprüfung der eigenen Befunde, sondern eröffnet vor allem auch für die derzeit kaum zugängliche Region Nordafghanistan weitere Arbeitsfelder für sprachwissenschaftliche Studien.
The Turkmen dialects of Afghanistan have for the first time been made the object of a special comprehensive study which, on the basis of rich primary materials collected from the field, is investigating their phonological, morphological and lexical features. The study is supplemented with sociolinguistic observations which help positioning the Turkmen dialects within the linguistic universe of Afghanistan today. The Turkmen dialects of Afghanistan basically fall into two major groups which in this study, following the emic denominations, are being called xāliṣ und nāxāliṣ dialects. As the study demonstrates, the dialects are almost without exceptions deliminated not along geographical or regional lines but along the major ethnic delimitations. Phonology is the prime marker of dialect delimitation. Consequently, this study pays particular attention to phonological markers. On the other hand there is only little variation in morphology; only the nāxāliṣ dialects do not completely share these paradigms. Verbal morphology, which appears to depict more variation, has for reasons of feasibility not been included in this study. In the lexicology chapter several exemplary subfields of the Turkmen dialect lexicon (such as kinship terminology) are investigated in depth; this part of the study yields interesting, partly unexpected results. The sociolinguistic chapters, which for capacity reasons are again dealing with selected aspects only, focus on the role of gender, age, social status and regional attribution of the speakers as markers of distinction. The position of the Turkmen dialects within the wide and complex spectrum of high and low prestige idioms present in North Afghanistan is measured against the supreme language of interethnic communication, education and the media (Dari) as well as the omnipresent language of regional communication (Uzbek), and neighboring Pashto; due to migration, educational and business contacts and the media, and favored by its linguistic closeness to Turkmen, the Turkish language of Turkey has recently become an important contact language as well. All phenomena investigated in this study are derived from a wealth of field materials. By presenting many of these while illustrating the features discussed in the chapters, this study provides fresh material from an almost inaccessible area for linguistic investigations beyond the scope of this book.

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Schindler, Jana. "Sustainability impact assessment for improved food security. The benefit of local stakeholder participation". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18000.

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Die Ernährungssicherung der Bevölkerung im ländlichen Raum in Sub-Sahara Afrika ist eine der dringlichsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Der Großteil der Bevölkerung ist von der eigenen landwirtschaftlichen Produktion für die Ernährung und die Existenzsicherung abhängig. Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung kleinbäuerlicher Landwirtschaft ist daher eine Grundvoraussetzung für Ernährungssicherung und Armutsbekämpfung. Eine Vielzahl von Entwicklungsmaßnahmen zielt auf die Verbesserung der Agrarproduktion von Kleinbauern und Kleinbäuerinnen ab, um die Ernährungssituation zu verbessern. Die Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklungsmaßnahmen sind oft vielfältig; neben gewollten, intendierten Wirkungen, können sich Entwicklungsmaßnahmen auch negativ auswirken. Daher ist es essentiell ein ex-ante impact assessment vor der Umsetzung durchzuführen, um eventuelle negative Auswirkungen frühzeitig zu identifizieren und die geplanten Maßnahmen dementsprechend anzupassen. Der theoretische Diskurs hinsichtlich der Charakteristika von ex-ante sustainability impact assessment ist sehr umfassend erarbeitet. Hier werden vor allem die gleichwertige Integration der drei Nachhaltigkeitsdimensionen (Soziales, Wirtschaft und Ökologie), die aktive Partizipation verschiedener Stakeholder auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen und der Austausch- und Lernprozess in den Mittelpunkt gerückt. In der Praxis wird die lokale Bevölkerung hingegen selten in ex-ante Wirkungsanalysen von geplanten Entwicklungsmaßnahmen involviert. Auch wenn in sustainability impact assessment ein interaktiver Einbezug der lokalen Bevölkerung unterstrichen wird, existieren kaum einfach anwendbare methodische Vorgehensweisen, um dies durchzuführen. Zudem gibt es bisher nur wenige Fallstudien, die das Einbeziehen von lokalen Stakeholdern beschreiben, systematisch analysieren und den Mehrwert für die Planung von landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsmaßnahmen herausstellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat zum Ziel diese Forschungslücke zu schließen. Im Rahmen der Dissertation wurde ein methodischer Ansatz für ein ex-ante sustainability impact assessment für die Anwendung mit der lokalen Bevölkerung entwickelt. Diese Methode wurde angewendet, um die positiven und negativen Auswirkungen von geplanten landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungsmaßnahmen aus Sicht der Kleinbauern und Kleinbäuerinnen zu analysieren. Die Forschung wurde in vier Dörfern im semi-ariden Dodoma und im semi-humiden Morogoro in Tansania durchgeführt.
Food security remains a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable agricultural development is fundamental for food security and poverty alleviation, notably in developing countries. Many development initiatives focus on enhancing smallholder production because the majority of poor people in developing countries live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. However, the consequences of these development initiatives are often diverse, having intended effects as well as unforeseen adverse impacts. Therefore, there is a need to assess development strategies/projects prior to their implementation to reduce the risk of possible negative impacts and to allow for adjustments, if necessary. This can be achieved by applying ex-ante sustainability impact assessment. The theoretical discourse on ex-ante sustainability impact assessment is comprehensive, emphasising the equal integration of all three sustainability dimensions (social, economic and environmental), the active involvement of stakeholders at every step of the assessment process and a focus on exchange and learning among the involved stakeholders. In practice, local communities are rarely involved in ex-ante impact assessment. Moreover, despite a strong emphasis on their involvement in theory, there remains a lack of easily applicable frameworks for sustainability impact assessment. Hence, there are only few concrete case studies having analysed the value added by applying sustainability impact assessment with local stakeholders and its benefit for planning agricultural measures to enhance food security and sustainable development. This PhD thesis closes the gap by developing and applying an ex-ante impact assessment approach that is based upon the Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment (FoPIA) method and is applicable at small-scale farmer level in the development context. The framework was applied to assess the sustainability of upgrading strategies along the farmers’ food value chains to improve food security in rural Tanzania at four contrasting case study villages in the semi-arid Dodoma Region and the semi-humid Morogoro Region.

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Teutsch, John Matthew. ""We Wish to Plead Our Own Cause"| Rhetorical Links between Native Americans and African Americans during the 1820s and 1830s". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3622958.

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This dissertation challenges the traditional histories of rhetoric in early America by examining how Scottish Enlightenment rhetoric affected those outside of the white, male-dominated social hierarchy of the early eighteenth century through an examination of works by white women, Native Americans, and African Americans that confluence around national calls for Native American removal and African colonization. Scholars have shown the influence of Scottish Enlightenment rhetoric on the early Republic, specifically the rhetoric of George Campbell and Hugh Blair, and historians have shown the relationships between abolitionists, Native Americans, and African Americans during the nineteenth century. However, these scholars have not shown how writers deployed Scottish Enlightenment rhetoric in these debates. By examining writings by Lydia Maria Child and Catharine Maria Sedgwick, I show how both women incorporated the ideas of sympathy in their works about Native Americans and African Americans. I also explore how activists such as William Apess, David Walker, and Hosea Easton all implemented Campbell's rhetorical ideas into their arguments and discuss how their rhetorical practices can be seen in relationship to one another. Drawing on Blair's thoughts on taste, I explore how newspaper editors John Russwurm and Elias Boudinot viewed taste and how they presented their views to their African American and Cherokee readers respectively. Looking forward, I conclude with a brief examination of the poet Albery Allson Whitman who wrote epic poems centered on the confluence of Native American and African American experiences. Overall, this dissertation works to show how those outside of the social hierarchy wielded rhetorical principles taught in the hallowed halls of the university, and it also explores the understudied links between activists who fought for Native American and African American rights during the early nineteenth century.

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Ramsey, Christine July. "James Stansfeld & the debates about the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts in Britain and British India 1860s-1890s". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/61/.

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This thesis examines the life of James Stansfeld, (1820-1898), and in particular his contribution to the political reform of the Contagious Diseases Acts (CDAs) in England and in India. Stansfeld was a Liberal MP from a Unitarian (non-conformist) background who represented his native borough of Halifax during the Gladstone era. From the early 1870s onwards, eschewing high cabinet office, Stansfeld was a major force in the Commons parliamentary debates about the CDAs and their Indian equivalent. His political strategies included the building up and sustaining of popular support for repeal whilst simultaneously supporting repeal in the political arena. The thesis maps Stansfeld’s complex and radical arguments about women’s rights, particularly those of prostitutes, and his advocacy of, and practical support for, repeal of the CDAs both in England and India. It presents new archival research on Stansfeld and other materials relating to the Contagious Diseases Acts and their rescindment. The archival materials are read alongside nineteenth-century published sources including memoirs, political writings and newspaper articles, and analysed in dialogue with scholarship on nineteenth-century sexual debates in England and India. By focusing on James Stansfeld’s advocacy of the repeal effort in England, and his role in the subsequent shift of the debate to British India, then, the thesis adds new research on the complex issues at stake in debates about the repeal of the CDAs and Indian CDAs, and it considers what these debates tell us about the role of female sexuality in nineteenth-century political debates in England and the Indian empire.

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Negroni, Mirko. "Studio degli ecosistemi bentonici nei sedimenti superficiali del Mare di Ross". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18008/.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi ha permesso di ottenere importanti dati inerenti la distribuzione dei foraminiferi viventi nel Mare di Ross. Nel dettaglio è stato eseguito lo studio delle associazioni a Foraminiferi planctonici e bentonici presenti nei sedimenti marini recenti campionati in due aree oceanograficamente diverse del Mare di Ross ovvero nel Joides basin (siti B1 e B2) caratterizzato dalla presenza delle MCDW, dalla presenza delle HSSW e dalla CCD attorno i 500 m e nel Draganski through, interessato dalle MCDW ma caratterizzato da forti correnti di fondo. Le indagini sono state di tipo interdisciplinare: è stato fatto un conteggio quantitativo delle specie a guscio calcareo e di quelle a guscio agglutinante distinguendo la biocenosi dalla tanatocenosi corredato di analisi statistiche e mineralogiche. Quest’ultima ha permesso di caratterizzare la natura composizionale delle principali specie a F. agglutinanti. I dati ottenuti hanno evidenziato la correlazione le masse d’acqua e la composizione della microfauna, rilevando come la tanatocenosi risulti impoverita rispetto alla biocenosi. Le forme più abbondanti sono quelle a guscio agglutinante quali: T. cf. quadricamerata., R. cylindrica, R. spiculifer, L. difflugiformis, M. arenacea e R. contortus in quanto non intaccate dalla dissoluzione dei carbonati. In ambienti al di sopra della CCD e con forti correnti sul fondale, N. pachyderma domina e le forme agglutinanti sono praticamente assenti (sito C). In questi tipi di ambienti la microfauna è caratterizzata dalla presenza di taxa molto resistenti quali G. biora e T. earlandi oltre a quelli che vivono attaccati a vegetali o ad altri organismi quali C. lobatulus e C. refulgens. Grazie all’indagine condotta all’ESEM si è potuto evidenziare che i clasti che compongono il guscio dei Foraminiferi agglutinanti rispecchiano la composizione del sedimento circostante con predilezione per il quarzo probabilmente perché consentono maggiore stabilità al guscio.

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