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Data publikacji: 27 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "1497-98"

1

Selin, A. A., i V. I. Kleymenov. "The posad people of Staraya Russa according to the pistsovaya kniga of 1497/98: preliminary observations". Memoirs of NovSU, nr 5 (2023): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34680/2411-7951.2023.5(50).465-473.

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The article deals the aspects of social history of Staraya Russa inhabitants according to the pistsovaya kniga (cadastres) of 1497/98. Based on the analysis of this source, the number landowners in the times of Novgorod independence is calculated, and the origin of svoezemtsy (small landowners) is determined. Regarding the posad people (inhabitants of a trading quarter), the issues of their naming, mobility and occupation are considered. Besides, the structure of households is discussed. Further work will clarify the findings, as well it will give an opportunity to compare this data with the later descriptions of Staraya Russa in the 17th century.
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De Moor, Geertruida. "Dirk Daniëlsz. van Noortich en Tielman Jacobsz. Oem van Wijngaarden". Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 106, nr 3 (1992): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501792x00208.

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AbstractDirk Danielsz. van Noortich, born in or around 1466 and dcpicted on the 'Epitaphium van wingacrden ons Heren aent cruis', now in the Catharijneconvent Museum, Utrecht, was appointed chaplain in Den Burg on the island of Texel in 1495. From 1497/ 98 until his death in 1504 he was the pastor of Sabbinge in the province of Zeeland. The Texcl post was probably due to the influence of the Leeuwenhorst sisters and members of his family, all of whom were connected with the instance which had the giving of the capelry in Den Burg the Hague court chapel. Dirk van Noortich presented a window to the Leeuwenhorst convent near Noordwijk(erhout), with which his family was closely linked. The family of another donor of the epitaph, Ticlman Jacobsz Oem van Wijngaarden, also had close ties with the Cistercian convent of Leeuwenhorst.
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FORD, MARGARET LANE. "A New Addition to the Corpus of English Incunabula: Wynkyn de Worde's Proprytees & Medicynes of Hors (c. 1497–98)". Library 2, nr 1 (1.03.2001): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/2.1.3.

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Shiver, Barry D., John W. Rheney i Kenneth L. Hitch. "Loblolly Pine Outperforms Slash Pine in Southeastern Georgia and Northern Florida". Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, nr 1 (1.02.2000): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/24.1.31.

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Abstract A total of 141 paired plot installations remain of the 160 that were planted with slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly (P. taedaL.) pine across southeastern Georgia and northern Florida, after 14 growing seasons. Installations were evenly distributed across eight soil types. Analyses indicate that loblolly performed equal to or better than slash pine. There were no soil X species interactions. After 14 yr, loblolly pine had significantly higher survival (71% vs. 66%), stand basal area (98 vs. 81 ft2/ac), total stand volume (1857 vs. 1721 ft3/ac), merchantable stand volume (1497 vs. 1310 ft3/ac), total green weight (53 tons vs. 47 tons), and merchantable green weight (45 vs. 35 tons/ac) than slash pine. Growth over the period from age 11 to age 14 was also higher for loblolly than for slash indicating that the difference in the two species is diverging over time. South. J. Appl. For. 24(1): 31-36.
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Suhartono, Suhartono, Satria Gunawan Zain i Sugiawan Sugiawan. "SISTEM OBJECT RECOGNITION PLAT NOMOR KENDARAAN UNTUK SISTEM PARKIR BANDARA". Journal of Embedded Systems, Security and Intelligent Systems 3, nr 2 (28.11.2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jessi.v3i2.38458.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat deteksi plat nomor dengan menggunakan Nvidia Jetson Nano sebagai device dan menggunakan algoritma Yolov5 dengan mendeteksi plat nomor lalu melakukan konversi ke text dalam bentuk excel. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan penulis adalah metode Research and Development. Metode pengumpulan data yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah metode teknik observasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Embedded System. Tahapan penelitian ini mulai dari tahap potensi dan masalah, pengumpulan kebutuhan, studi literasi, membangun prototype, perancangan sistem, dan pengujian system. Dataset dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kamera webcam dan smarthphone dengan total 1497 dataset terhadap 2 kategori. Perancangan model dataset dengan yolov5 menghasilkan 2 model yakni best.pt dan last.pt dengan validasi 100% dan size model sebesar 14.3 MB total 24.6 MB. Pengujian sistem dilakukan dengan mendeteksi plat nomor kendaraan sebanyak 2 tahap. Tahap pertama sebesar 83% dan rata-rata akurasi konversi ke text dengan Tesseract-OCR sebesar 97.89%. sedangkan pengujian deteksi tahap kedua pada akurasi deteksi plat nomor sebesar 98% dan konversi ke text sebesar 99.49%..
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Roscini, Marco. "The Efforts to Limit the International Criminal Court's Jurisdiction Over Nationals of Non-Party States: A Comparative Study". Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 5, nr 3 (2006): 495–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180306778938683.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss and compare the multilateral and bilateral efforts to prevent the ICC from exercising its jurisdiction over nationals of states non-parties to the Rome Statute. In particular, the US secured the adoption of Security Council resolutions no. 1422 (2002), 1487 (2003), 1497 (2003), 1593 (2005) and launched a campaign for the conclusion of bilateral non-surrender agreements: the differences between the resolutions and between them and the agreements are analysed. None of the resolutions above can be qualified as an exercise of the Security Council's power to request the ICC not to commence or proceed with investigations or prosecutions under Article 16 of the Rome Statute, as this provision was not conceived to cover future and hypothetical cases. Furthermore, by adopting resolutions 1422 and 1487 and by including the paragraphs on the exclusive jurisdiction of the contributing state in resolutions 1497 and 1593, the Security Council acted ultra vires, since no threat to the peace can be found in order to justify the exercise of Chapter VII powers. The resolutions are also in contrast with the principles and purposes of the UN. As to the bilateral non-surrender agreements, they cannot be qualified as "international agreements pursuant to which the consent of the sending State is required to surrender a person of that State to the Court" as required by Article 98 (2) of the Statute, since they prohibit the surrender to the ICC of any individual who is "present" on the territory of the other party and they do not require the state to which the accused has been transferred to investigate and prosecute the case. Should Italy conclude a non-surrender agreement with the US, it would incur international responsibility. The law giving effect to such an agreement in the Italian legal order would also be in contrast with Articles 10 (1) and 11 of the Constitution.
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Sannikov, M. V., A. P. Kalyuzhnaya i N. V. Makarova. "Somatometric parameters in firefighters of the Federal Fire Fighting Service of the EMERCOM of Russia". Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2024-0-2-57-64.

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Relevance. Professional firefighters are subjected to high levels of chronic stress due to extreme professional activities. Chronic stress is a psychogenic factor, conducive of obesity, the latter being a predictor of cardiovascular and other diseases. To identify those at a higher risk, the body fat percentage was estimated in the Russian EMERCOM Federal Fire Fighting Service firefighters.The objective is to estimate the body fat percentage in firefighters of the Russian EMERCOM using anthropometric and circumference calculations with further comparative analysis.Methods. Body mass index (BMI) based anthropometric and circumference calculations, including waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and body type, allowed assess the body fat percentage (BFP) in 98 EMERCOM firefighters working in three fire and rescue units in St. Petersburg. In addition, a retrospective study was performed to analyze 1497 medical examination records of the EMERCOM firefighters involved in fire extinguishing operations in 2019-2023. BFP was relied on circumference calculation used in the U.S. Armed Forces, the U.S. Navy, and the Young Men’s Christian Organization. The somatometric parameters were analyzed using Statistica 13.3 software and statistical methods – dispersion, correlation, stepwise regression, and conjugation table, with the significance level p < 0.05.Results and analysis. The study found that BMI only as a tool to assess the body fat percentage in firefighters is insufficient and does not allow to obtain a reliable result. The reason is that BMI is a highly reliable indicator of excessive body fat only in obese population, whereas in normal-weight or overweight subjects the BMI data is often misleading. In this respect, BFPbased circumference calculation appears to be the most reliable tool to assess body fat content. The study also includes an extensive comparative analysis of the obtained results, suggesting a diagnostic strategy to identify obesity-prone firefighters among the Russian EMERCOM firefighter corps at regular medical examinations. In addition, the suggested new BMI formulas involve simpler arithmetic calculations.Conclusion. The study results, show that excessive body weight is hardly a rare event among professional firefighters of the EMERCOM of Russia. Further studies regarding its correlation with chronic non-infectious diseases are required to develop new healthcare solutions and obesity prevention programs.
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Morra, Enrica, Mauricette Michallet, Juan Steegmann, David Marin Costa, Gert Ossenkoppele, Gregor Verhoef, Thomas Kühr i in. "Real-Life Rates of Disease Monitoring in Clinical Practice in Europe: The “Unmet Needs in CML and Ph+ALL” (UNIC) Study." Blood 110, nr 11 (16.11.2007): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.1959.1959.

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Abstract Current recommendations for patients with CML (Baccarani M, et al. Blood2006;108:1809–20) advocate regular treatment response monitoring, including evaluation of: cytogenetic response (CyR) at least every 6 months until complete CyR is achieved, then every 12 months; molecular response (MolR) every 3 months; mutational analysis in cases of failure/suboptimal response. Yet, few data exist on monitoring in current clinical practice. A survey of CML physicians in the US/Europe suggests practices in some CML management areas are not in line with recommendations (Kantarjian H, et al. Cancer2007;109:1365–75). UNIC is a cross-sectional study, with retrospective chart review of currently treated CML or Ph+ALL patients in Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and UK. Patients were recruited September 2006-March 2007. The study aimed to estimate the proportion of patients ever treated with imatinib and those who experienced imatinib resistance and/or intolerance (primary objectives). Here, we focus on data collected on patterns of disease monitoring (a secondary objective) in CML/Ph+ALL patients. A patient was defined as imatinib resistant if reported as such by the physician in the medical chart. Case Report Forms (CRFs) were completed for 1716 patients. CRFs were analyzable for 1551 CML and 48 Ph+ALL patients. Of the CML patients, 98% were in chronic phase; 2% were in advanced phases. Of the 1493 (96%) CML and 46 (96%) Ph+ALL patients who received imatinib, 241 (16%) CML and 6 (13%) Ph+ALL patients were reported as resistant. Patterns of cytogenetic, molecular and mutational testing are shown in the tables. In the last 12 months, 31% of CML patients had not had a cytogenetic analysis and 10% had not had a PCR analysis to assess MolR. Of imatinib-resistant patients, 57% CML and 50% Ph+ALL patients had not been assessed for mutations. Examination CML Ph+ALL Number of cytogenetic analyses per patient in the last 12 months, n (%) N=1427 N=42 0 447 (31.3) 13 (31.0) 1 559 (39.2) 15 (35.7) 2 271 (19.0) 2 (4.8) ≥3 150 (10.5) 12 (28.6) ≥1 fluorescent in situ hybridization since diagnosis, n (%) N=1497 N=45 No 852 (56.9) 18 (40.0) Yes 645 (43.1) 27 (60.0) ≥1 PCR in the last 12 months, n (%) N=1504 N=48 No 149 (9.9) 2 (4.2) Yes 1355 (90.1) 46 (95.8) Patients with 4 PCRs in the last 12 months, n (%) N=1422 N=40 200 (14.1) 4 (10.0) Number of mutational analyses since diagnosis in imatinib-resistant patients, n (%) Imatinib-resistant patients CML (N=209) Ph+ALL (N=6) 0 120 (57.4) 3 (50.0) 1 75 (35.8) 3 (50.0) 2 12 (5.7) 0 ≥3 2 (1.0) 0 This large European observational study suggests different methods of disease monitoring are used less often in real life than according to recommendations. Further research into the consequences of suboptimal monitoring of patients’ disease status is warranted.
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Angamuthu, Swathi, i Pavel Trojovský. "Integrating multi-criteria decision-making with hybrid deep learning for sentiment analysis in recommender systems". PeerJ Computer Science 9 (17.08.2023): e1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1497.

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Expert assessments with pre-defined numerical or language terms can limit the scope of decision-making models. We propose that decision-making models can incorporate expert judgments expressed in natural language through sentiment analysis. To help make more informed choices, we present the Sentiment Analysis in Recommender Systems with Multi-person, Multi-criteria Decision Making (SAR-MCMD) method. This method compiles the opinions of several experts by analyzing their written reviews and, if applicable, their star ratings. The growth of online applications and the sheer amount of available information have made it difficult for users to decide which information or products to select from the Internet. Intelligent decision-support technologies, known as recommender systems, leverage users’ preferences to suggest what they might find interesting. Recommender systems are one of the many approaches to dealing with information overload issues. These systems have traditionally relied on single-grading algorithms to predict and communicate users’ opinions for observed items. To boost their predictive and recommendation abilities, multi-criteria recommender systems assign numerous ratings to various qualities of products. We created, manually annotated, and released the technique in a case study of restaurant selection using ‘TripAdvisor reviews’, ‘TMDB 5000 movies’, and an ‘Amazon dataset’. In various areas, cutting-edge deep learning approaches have led to breakthrough progress. Recently, researchers have begun to focus on applying these methods to recommendation systems, and different deep learning-based recommendation models have been suggested. Due to its proficiency with sparse data in large data systems and its ability to construct complex models that characterize user performance for the recommended procedure, deep learning is a formidable tool. In this article, we introduce a model for a multi-criteria recommender system that combines the best of both deep learning and multi-criteria decision-making. According to our findings, the suggested system may give customers very accurate suggestions with a sentiment analysis accuracy of 98%. Additionally, the metrics, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score are where the system truly shines, much above what has been achieved in the past.
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Cook, Michael Roderick, Roni Shouval, Miguel-Angel Perales, Evandro Bezerra, Alex Niu, Saurabh Dahiya, Loretta J. Nastoupil i in. "Real-World Evidence in the United States (US) of the Impact of Bridging Therapy Prior to Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (R/R LBCL)". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28.11.2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-175034.

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Introduction: Axi-cel utilization expanded after demonstration of superior event-free survival in patients (pts) with early relapsed or primary refractory LBCL (Locke, et al. NEJM. 2022) and was reinforced by improved overall survival (OS) among these pts (Westin, et al. NEJM. 2023). Despite increased demand, limited data exist on the impact of bridging therapies (BT) on pt outcomes. Thus, BT use between leukapheresis and lymphodepletion (LD) is largely at the discretion of treating physicians. Here, we assessed the impact of BT on effectiveness and safety outcomes after axi-cel. Methods: Pts receiving axi-cel for 3L+ LBCL in the US between 2017-2020 were prospectively collected through the CIBMTR registry in a post-authorization safety study; data up to May 2023 were included. Effectiveness outcomes were overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate, duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and OS. Safety outcomes were cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) per ASTCT grading, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and other key adverse events. Propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used in logistic and Cox regressions to account for potential confounding in BT use. For pts who had BT, effects of BT types and responses on outcomes were evaluated using conventional logistic and Cox regressions. Results: Of 1497 pts registered, 1307 had BT data available and were included (median follow-up, 36 mo). Overall, 430 pts (33%) received BT (median time from leukapheresis to LD, 23 days [IQR, 21-28]). Systemic therapy was used in 403 pts (31%), including 305 (23%) with chemotherapy (CT)-based BT (19% treated with CT + anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody [mAb; mainly rituximab] and 4% with CT only), and 98 (7%) with non-CT systemic therapy (Table). Radiotherapy (± systemic therapy) was used in 44 pts (3%). Pts with ≥3 lines of prior therapy (odds ratio [OR], 10.67 [95% CI, 7.17−15.87]) or mild hepatic impairment prior to infusion (OR, 1.64 [1.06−2.55]) were more likely to receive BT, while those with histologic transformation (OR, 0.69 [0.51−0.92]) or longer time from diagnosis to leukapheresis were less likely to receive BT. ORRs to axi-cel were 70% and 79% (CR rates 51% and 64%) for pts with or without BT, respectively. Unadjusted DOR, PFS, and OS at 3 years were 40%, 28%, and 37%, respectively, in pts with BT vs 49%, 39%, and 49%, respectively, in those without BT. After multivariate adjustment, no statistical significance was found between BT and any effectiveness outcome. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for BT were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.94-1.36) for PFS and 1.11 (95% CI, 0.92-1.34) for OS, respectively (Figure). Most safety endpoints were consistent regardless of BT. Grade ≥3 CRS and ICANS occurred in 12% and 30% of pts, respectively, who received BT vs 10% and 24% of pts who did not. Use of BT was associated with more frequent prolonged neutropenia (OR, 2.24 [1.44-3.50]) and thrombocytopenia (OR, 2.33 [1.67-3.24]), but not associated with a higher rate of infections or NRM (Table). Among pts receiving BT, 74 (17%) had a CR or partial response to BT. Of them, median PFS and median OS post infusion were 12.7 mo (3.8-not estimable [NE]) and 48.7 mo (18.6-NE), respectively. Response to BT was associated with increased CR rate (OR, 2.00 [1.07-3.75]), PFS (HR, 0.69 [0.49-0.99]), and OS (HR, 0.59 [0.40-0.88]) and decreased any-grade ICANS (OR, 0.51 [0.29-0.92]). When different BT strategies were considered, effectiveness and most safety outcomes for CT + anti-CD20 mAb vs non-CT treatment were comparable without significant difference. CT + anti-CD20 mAb was associated with improved ORR (OR, 1.90 [1.00-3.60]), PFS (HR, 0.69 [0.49-0.98]), and OS (HR, 0.66 [0.46-0.95]) but increased any-grade CRS (OR, 2.16 [1.02-4.57]) vs CT only. CT use was associated with an increased risk of prolonged thrombocytopenia (41% vs 24% for pts receiving non-CT treatment; OR, 2.37 [1.39-4.02]). No significant association was found between use of radiotherapy as BT and any outcome. Conclusion: These US real-world findings suggest that the addition of BT prior to axi-cel is associated with more frequent prolonged cytopenias but does not impact effectiveness or other critical safety outcomes. Response to BT may prognosticate more favorable outcomes after axi-cel infusion. Further study is warranted to identify the optimal bridging regimen.
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Książki na temat "1497-98"

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1497-1543, Holbein Hans, Aston Paul i Murray Chris, red. Hans Holbein, 1497/98-1543. Cologne: Könemann, 1999.

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Wolf, Norbert. Hans Holbein the Younger, 1497/98-1543: The German Raphael. Köln: Taschen, 2004.

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Stephanie, Buck, Sander Jochen, Suchtelen Ariane van, Holbein Hans 1497-1543 i Mauritshuis (Hague Netherlands), red. Hans Holbein der Jüngere: 1497/98 - 1543 ; Porträtist der Renaissance ; [aus Anlass der Ausstellung "Hans Holbein 1497/98 - 1543", 16 August - 16 November 2003]. Stuttgart: Belser, 2003.

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1497-1543, Holbein Hans, Sander Jochen, Suchtelen Ariane van, Buvelot Quentin, Ploeg, Peter van der, 1965-, Mark Bieke van der, Runia Epco i Mauritshuis (Hague Netherlands), red. Hans Holbein the Younger, 1497/98-1543: Portraitist of the Renaissance. The Hague: Royal Cabinet of Paintings Mauritshuis, 2003.

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Hans, Holbein. Hans Holbein d.J. (1497/98-1543): Ausstellung zum 500. Geburtstag des Künstlers. Augsburg: Städtische Kunstsammlung Augsburg, 1997.

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Bozzetto, Mario, Donata Samadelli, Dario Vivian i Maria Beatrice Girotto. Bartolomeo Montagna: Madonna in trono con il Bambino tra i santi : Parrocchiale di Cartigliano, 1497-98. Cartigliano (Vicenza): Bozzetto, 2010.

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Holbein: 1497/98-1543. Der deutsche Raffael. TASCHEN, 2004.

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Holbein: 1497/98-1543. Der deutsche Raffael. TASCHEN, 2004.

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Części książek na temat "1497-98"

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Keller, Katrin. "Katharina Zell (1497/98–1562)". W Twenty-Five Women Who Shaped the Early Modern Holy Roman Empire, 52–60. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252870-4.

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"4. Agostino Steuco (1497/98–1548)". W Faszination Zarathushtra, 262–580. De Gruyter, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110809473.262.

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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "Appendix English Translations, Arabic Editiones Principes, and Manuscript Facsimiles". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/007.

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A Treatise on [Necessity’s Being] the Same as [God’s] Quiddity by Mollā Zeyrek (d. 903/1497‑98 [?]) [Süleymaniye, MS Giresun Yazmalar 99, ff. 120a-121b] || A Treatise on God’s Unicity by Ḫocazāde Muṣliḥuddīn Muṣṭafā (d. 893/1488) [Süleymaniye, MS Ayasofya 2206, ff. 12a-21a] || The Urtext of the Debate: Position Five, Observation Three on God’s Unicity in al-Jurjānī, Sharḥ al-mawāqif, 8: 45‑51.
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Birkenbihl, Wolf H. "Reichstag zu Freiburg 1497/98 und Feldzug gegen Hochburgund". W Maximilian I., 69–72. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828872165-69.

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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "6 • Conclusion Verifying the Truth on the Their Own Terms". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/006.

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The present debate is a product of the tension between two widely studied disciplines at early Ottoman medreses, ḥikma (post-Avicennan philosophy) and kalām (philosophical theology), which, over the course of centuries, accumulated a great number of crossovers, valences, as well as discrepancies among various schools of thought. Each scholar present in the exchange showcases their knowledge in past positions and objections by making references to various classical and post-classical authors. The texts that they refer to during the debate reveal their expertise in rational and religious sciences, especially their background in debates involving the discrepancies between falsafa/ḥikma and kalām. The current debate, in this context, addresses how prominent Ottoman scholars can respond to the antinomies of past schools and articulate their own take through referencing other contemporaries.
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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "1 • Introduction The Agonistic Spirit at the Fifteenth-Century Ottoman Court". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/001.

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The present study aims to contextualize a famed fifteenth-century philosophical debate that occurred between two celebrated scholars of the late fifteenth-century, by tracing their sources and arguments in past scholarship. The debate covers a wide range of subjects in the context of God’s unicity, by often employing arguments ranging from classical Arabic philosophy to post-classical philosophical theology through philological rigor and close reading.
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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "2 • The Ottoman Age of Scholarly Debates Cultures of Patronage, Pride, and Merit in Fifteenth-Century Scholarship". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/002.

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Sultan Meḥmed II’s second reign (855/1451‑886/1481) signaled the beginning of a new phase in Ottoman scholarship. With an imperial program that developed a highly structured bureaucratic system, Meḥmed II’s new establishment set rigid rules that regulated the scholarly path by establishing prestigious institutions based on merit, codifying a hierarchical order, and creating opportunities for a lifetime career in academia that crossed paths with politics. The Ottoman formation of a new learned class in the fifteenth-century also coincided with (albeit not entirely shaped by) a turning point with the conquest of Constantinople/Ḳosṭanṭiniyye in 857/1453, namely the creation of a new capital distinctly imperial and universalist Muslim in character.
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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "3 • What the Sources Say The Sociocultural Context of the Zeyrek-Ḫocazāde Debate". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/003.

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The debate at hand between two prominent Ottoman scholars Zeyrek and Ḫocazāde, which was constructed through a limited number of primary source materials, concerned a hefty philosophical/theological topic regarding the validity of the philosophers’ proof of God’s unicity. In addition to the single extant copies of each scholar’s response, there are only a few extant descriptions of the actual event, compiled more than a century later.
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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "5 • “If Only Necessity Were God’s Quiddity” Analysis of the Debate". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/005.

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According to the Ottoman biobibliographical sources, the debate between Zeyrek and Ḫocazāde continued for five days and, on the sixth, the Sultan asked the scholars to prepare copies of their responses for further evaluation on the next day. The extant texts reproduced in the Appendix include these accounts from the last day of the debate. Due to the fragmented nature of both responses, it is hard to determine which objection followed which response exactly. Given that post-classical disputations followed a standard of specific sets of objections and explanations along with rejoinders and counter-objections in reply, the analysis below intends to include a possible timeline of the debate, matching each scholar’s lemmata on a given day, and thereby showing how the debate evolved over the course of one week. The blow-by-blow reconstruction, in this sense, provides us with fresh insights about how the Ottoman scholars defended their points within the formal framework of debate etiquette and how the method of verification and referencing past scholarship were further utilized.
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Balıkçıoğlu, Efe Murat. "4 • The Philosophical Context of the Zeyrek-Ḫocazāde Debate". W Verifying the Truth on Their Own Terms Ottoman Philosophical Culture and the Court Debate Between Zeyrek (d. 903/1497-98 [?]) and Ḫocazāde (d. 893/1488). Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-643-5/004.

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The philosophical theology of the fifteenth-century Ottoman world combined post-classical Avicennan philosophy (ḥikma) with (mostly Ashʿarite) philosophical theology (kalām). This trend could be observed in Ottoman medrese handbooks, since discussions related to physics, metaphysics, and theology were mostly covered in three key texts belonging to past Perso-Islamic scholars from the Il-Khanid and Timurid courts studied through their commentaries and glosses at the fifteenth-century Ottoman medreses.
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